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Text
The Gunpowder Incident
Volume 3 No. 3
THE INTERPRETER'
S NEWSPAPER
Incident
eC6Mrry
in Historic Area
Dates
Prelude to
MS
S DAY
Gun p owder
Independence
Dates in Historic Area
April 19 to 25, 2004
May 10 to 16, 2004
NO. 1 FOR COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG
1774
SPRING
THE GUNPOWDER INCIDENT
News 1 i n e
AMERICAN
REVOLUTION
r,f' tf
8"""`
t" r`. r r°
10
with
ends
Y
Treaty of Paris
the
October
t
7
of 1763
Proclamation
Prelude
Sugar
the
passes
fix;
the
passes
Act
Stamp
needed
Stamp Act
Declaratory Act
the
June 29
Townshend
the
passes
4.. -
e,
Acts
British
troo
p s are sent
In the
Boston
to
5
2, 500
Massacre
Boston
for the
except
duty
to
the Tea Act
16
Boston
the
hero
a
Party
tion.
1774
of
arms
the
Accompanying
a
or
ammuni-
which
order,
was
all colonial governors, was a circular letter from Lord Dartmouth, Secretary
sent to
March 31- June 22
Parliament
Acts and the Quebec
September
Coercive
the
passes
Colonies, instructing all governors to
for
take the most effectual measures
to the
Act
26
5- October
Continental Con g ress
First
meets
arresting, detaining and securing any
Gunpowder, or any sort of Arms or
atwhich
be
may
be imported into the Province
Ammunition
in Philadelphia
tempted
1775
to
your Government." ( It is certainly
possible that any of the colonial governors
under
19
of Lexington
Battles
and Concord
April20
could have stretched
dude
The Gunpowder
the
and
in
Incident
Williamsburg
were
of
members
the
Gunpowder
Incident:
That the next Day Doctor Pasteur came
to the said Wallers House, and informed
him of the Governor' s Threatening that
if himself his Family or Captain Collins
insulted,
he would
Slaves, and
lay
the
dedare
his Declaration
this
to
Magistrates of the City, for that there
not an Hour to Loose. That these
Declarations gave the said Waller and the
of the' Ibwn great unother Inhabitants
several
That
easiness.
Days
erty to
he said Waller
mention
to
his
s
took the lib-
lordship
that
he
very sorry to tell his Excellency that
he had lost the Confidence of the People
was
not
so
der
as
much for
having
taken the
for the declaration
raising and freeing
which he answered
made
no
would do that
defended
attacked.
secret
the
that
said
Pow-
made
of
Slaves
Randolph
was able to
raise
the
royal
standard,
he did say
of it and
that
so
he
any thing else to have
himself in case he had been
or
to the
them
convey
moored at Burwell' s
schooner
this
Ferry, just
They
of Carter'
side
to
were
s
free
the
city
and
and much exasperated;
alarmed,
was
whole
in
themselves
got
to
readiness
re-
pair to the palace, to demand from the Gova
restoration
of what so justly
ernor
supposed
in this
deposited
was
magazine
Dixon
John
their
as
They
Randolph
presented
Dunmore,
playing
where
cerns.
to the
the
on
con-
colonists'
a slave
uprising, justified his action
saying that he" had removed the Powder
lest the Negroes might have seized upon it."
fear of
Needless
dent
say, the governor' s explanareceived favorably. Indepen
companies,
gentlemen
part, mustered
most
the
to
not
was
to
ginia, ready
force a return
march
Virto
Williamsburg
of the gunpowder. Patrick
marched a force of 150 of these
from Hanover
men
for
volunteers
throughout
on
Richmond,
County, just
Doncastle'
to
s
liberty
or
death"
speech),
to
a
prompted
watch
the
Henry
armed
the
volunteers
guards
took
were
keep
not
to
on
be found.
Dun-
of this security lapse.
At about 4 in the morning of April 21, he
more
advantage
offered
then
the
Ordinary,
of
services
politely refused
returned with his
the
Henry
County.
men
his
and
offer,
to
Gordon
A
S. Wood,
The American
History( New York:
tion,
Revolution:
Library Edi-
Modern
2002), 52- 54
the
By
Hanover
of
1775
the
British
already preparing for military action. By this time North' s supporters
and the king himself saw no choice but
was
bring
the
colonists
back in line. As
early as November 1774, George
told
North
that " Blows
must
whether
try
they
are
to
III
had
decide
be subject to the Coun-
The British governbuilt up its army and navy and
first of
restraining the commerce
Independent."
or
rested
a
The
sumption.
that
ing
by
a
it
few
dered
British government, thinkonly with mobs led
its
of
the
other
By April 1775 fighting had broken
out
in Massachusetts. Since the British governwas
that Boston
ment had long assumed
center
of the disturbances
in America,
it
and punishing that
that isolating
all
port city would essentially undermine
Colonial resistance.
The Coercive Acts of
believed
of the
Gunpowder
Incident
messengers
rode hard through
the night,
arriving in the capital at 1 P. M., April 27.
Randolph
assured
the men that no
Fredericksburg with a letter urging calm.
During their return trip, they may have
passed a post rider racing eastward.
Sometime late Friday night, April 28,
or early Saturday morning, the rider galloped into the city and stopped at the several printing offices to convey distressing
news:
British
troops
had
Massachusetts
militia
at
Concord
on
April
19.
Gazette
fired
on
the
Lexington
Pressmen
and
were
awakened,
and
supplements
broadsides
were printed. The surprising
and
coincidence that efforts to disarm the two
Massachusetts,
was
the
topic
of feverish
conversa-
tion. What would happen next was anyone' s guess
Governor
Meanwhile,
began
to
learned
take
decisive
Dunmore
action.
When
that the independent
he
companies
gathered at Fredericksburg might march
on Williamsburg, he again let it be known
that he would carry out his threats of
April
22
if
the
troops
came
within
30
miles of the city. He also began to fortify
the Palace. It is likely that he sent his wife
and children to safety aboard H. M. S.
Fowey when he heard about Lexington
and Concord.
On May 3 Dunmore issued a prodamation urging all Virginians to submit dutifully to the laws of the land. Within hours
of this action, however, news arrived that
Patrick Henry and an independent cornpany of 150 men were only 15 miles outside Williamsburg.
Immediately
Dunmore
ordered
1775, Gage' s army attempted to seize rebel
arms and ammunition
stored at Concord, a
They arrived at 10 A. M., May 4. Furthermore, Captain Montague of the Fowey
ahead
the
Colonial
of Boston.
silversmith
scouts,
Paul Revere,
of the advancing
redcoats,
rode
warned
and
that a detachment
sailors
threatened
be
of 40 marines
dispatched
to bombard
to
the
Yorktown
Palace.
if his men
were attacked.
Only a compromise worked out be-
patriot leaders John Hancock and Samuel
colonies. . . .
the
or-
Gage, to arrest the rebel leaders, to
General
news
reached them on Monday, April 24. After
a day' s debate, the volunteers decided to
send three riders to Williamsburg to see if
the capital needed military assistance. The
break up their bases, and to reassert royal
authority in the colony. On April 18- 19,
including
then
in
commander
town northwest
and
instigators, therefore
seditious
began
England
and
assumption,
dealing
was
ment thus
New
this
on
of 1775 were
military actions
logical extension of the same as-
British
simply
beginning
government
had
1774
the
panies had been drilling at Fredericksburg
time
to
Nicholas
on
com
colonies leading the protest against the
ministry occurred at almost the same
protect the colony' s treasury
in Williamsburg. ' I easurer
Robert Carter
men
came
of
outside
Magazine. At length, however, they grew
negligent, and on the evening of April 20
town
alarming
15
north
his "
miles
most
action was needed and sent them back to
by
tion
The
April 27. A number of independent
Peyton
Palace
city' s
the
arriving.
and
spokesmen.
escorted the delegation
in-
was
for the country' s defense." The crowd
calmed and chose Peyton Randolph
mayor
urgent
quiries about Williamsburg' s plight began
when
Grove.
As the Gazette reported, " the
As if that were not enough,
n
re-
of gunpowder from
Public Magazine.
the
to
seamen
powder but were unable to secure its actual
return.
On May 4, Carter Braxton, a moderate patriot, met Henry with the payment.
to
he
15 half barrels
move
20
of Williamsburg.
Eventually
intermediaries negotiated payment for the
force to
afterwards
his Excellency came to the said Waller'
House on some private business, . . .
whereupon
to
liberty
Tbwn in Ashes,
and that the Governor had desired him
communicate
and
s
attempting to
proclamation
forbid the meeting of the Second Virginia
Convention ( at which Patrick Henry gave
and John Randolph
the
Purdie
of 15
Dunmore'
about the
five men who told
of Burgesses about
House
in
published
along with
Gunpowder Incident
among
squad
a
Henry
colony.)
letter,
Dixon's Virginia Gazette in January 1775,
rumors
of a slave uprising and
Five Men Inform
Waller
instruction to in-
and securing of arms
stored
currently
detaining
their
The
Benjamin
this
ammunition
within
Burgesses
with
numbers
correspondence
was
from England
tation
Tea
In Decem-
region.
copy of his
Majesty' s Order in ( privy) Council, dated
October 19, 1774, which forbade all expor-
10
December
totaling nearly
colony' s interests
Williamsburg
Indians. Among
awaiting his return
Parliamentpasses
and
protect
try
1773
was
militia
the
Lt. Collins of H. M. S. Magda1'
dispatched
with two
after
tea
on
went west
successfully waging a brief campaign
and brokering a treaty with the Ohio coun-
repealed,
are
of 1774, Lord Dunmore,
in the Ohio
ber, he returned
Townshend duties
the
to
men
and daims
April 12
to
summer
governor of Virginia,
divisions of Virginia
1770
March
to the
Peyton
slaves, and reduce Williamsburg to ashes.
June 8
were
and
would
1768
April
hope
useful in
I
Ar
i
May
We
persuade the city's independent company
to disperse, an uneasy calm settled over
Williamsburg. It did not last. The next day,
Saturday, April 22, the governor deliberately let it be known that if any harm came
to Captain Foy or Lieutenant Collins, he
the
1767
Parliament
Independence.
After Governor Dunmore promised to
return the colony' s gunpowder if it were
I
March 18
and passes
to
STANDOFF
111111
It
repeals
From
AN UNEASY
A
1766
Parliament
independence.
guests.
d
22
Parliament
and
ming and enrich the experience of our
1765
March
specific
i
and
Acts
Currency
two
your efforts to support the program-
migration
Apri15
Parliament
on
you find these documents
ends colo-
1764prAllit
nial westward
format, the content
focuses
April 19 to 25, the Historic Area programming will present the story of the
Gunpowder Incident; from May 10 to
16, programming will focus on the
s,
French and Indian War
issue
Revolution
1763
February
our usual
of this
events. They are two of the most important events to take place in
Williamsburg duringthe march to
TO THE
LEADING
EVENTS
Unlike
tween
Adams to flee, and roused
and Patrick Henry to pay for the missing
gunpowder diverted a military confronta-
the
arms.
No
one
ington, but
tia
the
countryside—
knows
shots
later
at
farmers
minutemen—
of
to
fired first at Lex-
who
between the colonial mili-
and British troops
and
the
nearby
British found only
a
were
exchanged there
Concord,
few
supplies.
where
the
tion.
Carter
Braxton,
Nevertheless,
Richard
Dunmore
Corbin,
could
not
resist one parting shot: on May 6 he had
Henry virtually outlawed. In less than a
month,
the colonists'
world
Submitted
had changed.
by
Kevin Kelly]
�2
Spring 1775
1775
SPRING
News line
EVENTS LEADING
AMERICAN
TO THE
WHO GETS TO
PRELUDE TO INDEPENDENCE
WHEN?
THE FIFTH VIRGINIA CONVENTIONVOTE
1776- 1830: THE VOTE
REVOLUTION
in Philadelphia]
unanimously that the delegates appointed to represent
body to
colony in General Congress be instructed to propose to that respectable
declare the United Colonies free and independent states absolved from all allegiances
Resolved [
10
May
forces
American
Ticonderoga
capture
to
Fort
dependence
or
With
Second Continental Congress
these
begun
June 15
Thomas
George George Washington
of
commander commander
appointed
and
parliament
such declaration.
to
have taken the floor in
resolutions, openly questioning the " corn-
in
petency of America in so arduous a con-
the
change
in the hearts and
sentiments
of the
minds
June 17
tions
Battle of Bunker Hill
but
were
end
the
of
results
III declares
from
in open rebellion
colonies
December
the
31
British
ficially
troops
Virginia
Convention
declaring
resolution
the
passes
would
colonies
not
by
Independence
policies; thus
Conventions.
performed
they
a
Virginia' s resolution to the
Congress
June
of
Members
Conve
Convention
develop
of George
Mason
2
Continental Congress
adopts
Independence
due to
reconstituted
never
About
rum.
the
45
for
the
new
The
commonwealth
early April, captured letters to GoverEden of Maryland, revealing that a large
invasion force was on the way, provoked a
toward
ans
pushed
that
independence.
1776, John Page
many VirginiOn April 12,
Richard
to
wrote
Henry
Lee, " I think almost every man, except the
TYeasurer,
is willing to dedare for Indepenany doubt about
local sentiment regarding the issue, on April
of James City
24, 1776, the freeholders
dency."
In
there
case
was
Allen's ordinary and agreed
County
to instruct their delegates, the said TYeasurer
met at
Robert Carter
and William Norvell,
Nicholas
your utmost ability, in the next
Convention, towards dissolving the convex
to " exert
ion between America
and Great Britain, to-
tally, finally, and irrevocably."
There
less
was
outside
fifth
a
then
filed
dispersed
adopted
Virginia
to
vention
several
next
matters
real purpose,
vote
on
the
as
to
filed
Virginia'
as
state,
120- man
Their
discuss
to
for
or
against
the
considered
three
it
as
was
separate
ratified March 30, 1870.
Amendment
A
States
to
shall
State State on account
of the United
not
be denied
or
of sex.
Congress shall have the power to
enforce this article by appropriate
new
a common
to vote
abridged by the United States or by any
united
others
XIX
The right of a citizen
the
addition
legislation.
foe,
Passed June 5, 1919,
ratified August
26, 1920
y ,,
4
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tt
7* "
a,
1a
"
i..
mob`
and
a
c
s'
over
resolutions
May 15 unanimously approved
on
be
f
and the
chair
have
an
t'
was
independence
shall
h --
form it would take. The Convention
what
against
Congress
had
on
governor.
joined by
The
711115, 11
4
question of innot so much
the
debate
be
a congress
N,
debated
The
to
2.
had been born
dedare independence
Cary took
body
dependence.
first elected
s
soon
under
to the
saw
The Convention periodically resolved itof the whole, where
self into a committee
Archibald
Section
to-
and deliberated
was
or abridged by the United States or by
any State on account of race, color, or
previous conditions of servitude.
establishing a republican form of government, the Convention chose Patrick Henry
from Great Britain.
upon
vote
final form of the document). In
of the
United States to vote shall not be denied
felt that the
who
XV
of citizens
of
soon-
objections
Jefferson,
right
out of
fate of loyalists.
however,
motion
a
the
over
The
power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Passed February 27, 1869,
it
1776,
of Virginia should
freeholders
Over the
Capitol.
of Virginia
6,
1.
Chaired
days the delegates
administration
such
in the
Amendment
Section
future
Charter.
for the
constitution
absent Thomas
second group waitand reentered as
Convention.
meet
such
fifth Virginia Conven-
July
on
commonwealth (
building,
the
a
by
Edmund Pendleton, it was the only Conthe
In
outrage
room,
ing
DILEMMA
burgesses
joined with
the
NICHOLAS'
general
former
ing Senators.
The Virginia
of Rights of Man and the Citi-
the time the
By
tion
There, the " Sevthe House chamber.
Continental Congress approvesinto
g
eral Members met, but did neither proceed
the Declaration
of Independence
of
as
a House
to Business, nor adjourn,
July 6
Burgesses." Edmund Pendleton stated simadopts a
Virginia Convention
ply that they" let that body die."
constitution
lations, except as to the Places of Chus-
pio-
federal Bill of Rights; the
in the United Nations
Rights
was
men
a
issued in the early days of the French
Revolution; and, more than a century and
half later, the Statement on Human
a
a
about
as
time by Law make or alter such Regu-
the
zen,
lack of quoof the morning of
middle
Monday, May 6, 1776,
4
and
the
as
Madison.
influence
to
was
Declaration
death"
or give me
Convention in Rich-
in October 1775
well
as
thereof; but the congress may at any
ringing
and
liberty
self- government
documents
House of Burgesses that had
a
been adjourned
for
Resolution
Virginia
the
Jul
heels of
the
individual
of
Dedaration
Declarationadershio
leThe
action
It contained
owed much to James
and generally provided for unified
in the impending crisis.
fifth Virginia
Convention met on
mond),
under the
ner of holding Elections for Senators
and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the Legislature
of Rights to be
first Declaration
in America.
right to
liberty
me
speech at the second
Virginia
the
of Rights
Give
mous "
fifth Virginia
the
next
the
statements
of
economic
embargos
phia, arranged
British goods, organized military preparations ( first promoted by Patrick Henry' s fa-
Continental
Section 4. The Times, Places and Man-
the
under
adopted
in Philadel-
that met
the
During
County
to
the
congresses
work
s
neering statement of religious freedom that
Richard Henry Lee presents
general
finished.
yet
The U. S. Constitution
Convention'
created
variety of
representatives
VOTING RIGHTS
the result.
was
of Fairfax
guidance
delegate George Mason, that body
month,
was
elected
not
was
an
king' s
EVOLUTION OF
Lee, preof the second
Henry
consideration
fifth Virginia
But the
British
the
House to become
the
allow
The Conventions
functions:
June 7
voting
rights did not change until 1830.
to
Continental Congress. The Declaration of
argue
for the Tea Party. It
to the burgesses that Dunmore
born the Virginia
Britain
be dosed
to
was
to contest the
arena
of Great
free and independent
sented it for the
retribution
was obvious
Fifth
Despite the new constitution,
Vir-
Independence
Richard
delegate,
senior
se-
of Burgesses in May 1774 for ofof Boston,
the city
port
ministry in
May1 S
a
supporting
whose
Boston
evacuate
in
gathered
dispute with Great
continuing
Governor Dunmore had dissolved
the House
1776
March 17
delegates
called Conventions to
meetings
Britain.
Quebec
at
elected
the
over
defeated
Colonists
1774,
Virginia had
across
of
ries
for
Resolution
the
Philadelphia, and on June 7 the colony' s
August
Since
George
King
Virginia Statutes at Large, 1762
sake
ginia
transition.
August 23
of unanimity.
Thomas
Nelson Jr. delivered
the
this
end, he added his support for
In the
test."
populace between 1765 and 1776. The Declaration
of Independence and military ac-
Army
person convicted in Great Britain or Ireland, during the time for which he is
transported, or any Negro, mulatto or
although such persons be free
In
holder
shall have a vote, or be permit
to poll, at any election of burgesses,
or capable of being elected."
the
and John Adams, the real
was
That no feme,
twenty- one, recusant, convict, or any
to
opposition
enacted,
sole or covert, infant under the age of
corporating portions of each. Only TteaRobert Carter Nicholas is known to
surer
was
and
We say consummated
for such notables
as
Jefferson
attitudes
And be it further
and that they give
of Great Britain
or
since,
revolution
Continental
the
crown
Revolution
the
words
consummated.
not
the
upon
of this Colony
the assent
Lake Champlain
on
10
May
July
IN VIRGINIA
this
1775
4.
9yY`
ver-
sion Pendleton had cobbled together by in-
certainty, however, about what Nicholas' rewould
sponse
sionate
be. Although
supporter
considered
opinion
was
A
means.
was
a
pashis
rights,
that the
with Great Britain could
drastic
he
of American
differences
be settled
by
less
known
for
his
man
strictest veracity and honour," he would be
unlikely to vote against his conscience.
When the Convention met in May, it
debated
two
a
for independence
resolution
days before
demonstrated
for
adopting it. Nicholas
his title to popularity by de-
finally
spising it" and did not vote for the resoluhis son- in- law Edmund
tion. He was,
Randolph
tency
wrote, "
of America in
Immediately
ever,
dubious
after
of the
so arduous
the
vote
was
a
compe-
contest."
how-
taken,
Nicholas stated that he" would
rise
or
VIRGINIA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS: LOOK FAMILIAR
A
OF RIGHTS
DECLARATION
good
people
Virginia in the
and their posterity,
dation
by the
of their
do pertain to
the basis and foun-
rights
as
of government.
Article
I.
equally
free
certain
made
exercise
That
and
inherent
all
men
are
by
independent,
Rights,
Nature
and
of which,
have
when
they enter into a State of Society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive, divest their
Posterity; namely, the enjoyment of life and
liberty, with the means of acquiring and
possessing property, and pursuing and obtaming happiness and safety
fall with his country" and allowed himself
to be appointed a member of the committee
Article II. That all power is vested in, and
consequently derived from, the people, that
charged with writing a declaration of rights
and a plan of government for Virginia.
magistrates
are
and at all times
their trustees
and
Becoming
AMERICANS
amenable
to them.
secured
fectually
against
Nancy
able, and indefeasible
abolish
or
judged
Ann
Williamson,
2004
All images
are
The
editor
copy
The
graphic production
Williamsburg Foundation. All rights reserved.
unless otherwise
noted.
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation,
Colonial
property of
Diana Freedman,
in
their own Consent
any
inadequate
most
conductive
entitled
to
but
or
no
or
V. That
from
Members
legislative,
the
thereof
Judicative;
be
may
by
regular
Elections,
hath
and nature
a Right
to de
of his Accusa
Witnesses,
to call for Evidence
in his
Favour, and to a speedy Thal by an impartial Jury of his Vicinage, without whose
neither
unanimous
guilty, nor can he be compelled to give Ev-
Consent
he cannot
be found
idence against himself; that no Man be de-
prived of his Liberty except by the Law of
executive
the Land, or the Judgment
of his Peers.
separate
and that
restrained
private Station, return into that Body from which they
were
originally taken, and the Vacancies be
fixed Periods, be reduced to
a Man
the Cause
Legisla-
from Oppression, by feeling and participating the Burthens of the People, they should
supplied
and
hereditary.
the
or that of their Repre-
tion, to be confronted with the Accusers
of Public Services,
of the State should be
distinct
mand
Community,
Offices of Magistrate,
Judge to be
Prosecutions
Emolu-
descendible,
being
not
or deprived
Article VIII. That in all capital or criminal
be
of Men, is
separate
Privileges from the
the
or
set
or
shall
as
be taxed
sentatives so elected, nor bound by any law
to which they have not, in like Manner, assented, for the public Good.
or
public Weal.
to the
Man,
exclusive
in Consideration
Article
Manner
and cannot
of their Property for public Uses without
Right to reform, alter,
it, in such
Article IV. That
at
Production:
Mary
Suffrage,
of
contrary to these purposes, a Majority of the
Community hath an indubitable, inalien-
the
Milton
whenever
shall be found
Government
Danger
the
and,
Maladministration,
and
Willis
Cathy Hellier, Kevin Kelly, Rose McAphee,
Linda Rowe, Phil Shultz
to
ment to, the Community, have the Right of
and Powers
Contributors:
Bob Doares,
of Members
of the People,
nent common Interest with, and Attach-
capable
tor,
TODAY
of Interpretive' Training
Crevieaux- Gevertz, Anne
Elections
of producing the greatest Degree
of Happiness
and Safety, and is most ef-
or
ments
Editors:
Margot
g
VI. That
serve as Representatives
Assembly, ought to be free; and that all
Men, having sufficient Evidence of perma-
which
of the Department
Article
ought to
and Security of the People, Nation,
community, of all the various Modes and
ought
is a publication
or
Benefit, Pro-
common
tection,
servants,
by Cathy Hellier]
Submitted
Article III. The Government is,
be, instituted for the
Forms of Government, that is best which is
powers, which
sovereign
them
of
a
in which all
or
any Part of the former Members to be again
or ineligible, as the Laws may direct.
eligible,
[
Note: These protections
were not given to
enslaved people in Virginia; enslaved individuals
Courts
continued
to
be
tried
of Oyer and Terminer
in
lesser
without
the
benefit of a jury.]
Article
XII. That the Freedom
of the Press
is one of the greatest Bulwarks of Liberty
and can never be restrained but by despotic
Governments.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Becoming Americans Today
Description
An account of the resource
<em>Becoming Americans Today</em> was a newsletter developed by the Department of Interpretive Training for interpreters. Presented in a newspaper format loosely based on USA Today, it was developed to support programming by providing interpreters with the news that would have shaped the thoughts and lives of Williamsburg residents during the years interpreted in the Historic Area. It was considered a training material that combined diverse historical information in a readable contemporary format, utilizing headlines as a hook that interpreters could use to draw guests into the story. It was published 2002-2008.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Becoming Americans Today, volume 3, number 3
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
©2004
Description
An account of the resource
The Gunpowder Incident