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THE MECHANICK’S ADVISER
August 1, 2022
Anthony Hay Shop:
Cabinetmaker –
We had a branding party in the Cabinet Shop this week!
Branding is the last thing we do on a project to identify it as
being made by us in this Shop. In this case, John and Jeremy
have completed the mahogany apothecary chest. All of the
hardware was installed this week after calling upon the
assistance of the Foundry. The original chest has handles which
are a bit smaller than anything produced in today’s market, so
we decided to take a couple small drawer pulls and turn them
into appropriate lifts by having the posts soldered in place to
hold the handles. Now that this piece is completed, it’s time to
start contacting potential buyers to find it a safe home. Bill also
branded his carving inspired by the Williamsburg Masonic Lodge
Six Master’s Chair. We will soon start looking for a new home
for his carving, as well. With the apothecary chest behind them,
Jeremy is beginning work on a small hanging cupboard of his
own design, and John is moving forward with his tilting top tea
table reproduction.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Harpsichord-maker – From the harpsichord corner… Sara has made a “trial” assembly for a music
rack. A really good result, her first effort at this kind of joinery. Now, she is launching another one. Two
music racks have to be better, right? We have glued up, sawed out, and planed the lid for the new spinet.
And we just got delivery of new brasses that will hinge it to the case. Thanks to all at the Foundry, you are the
best! Also, thanks to Ken Schwarz at the Armoury for the first pair of a new set of chisels … new tools are
always welcome. Melanie is continuing the last touches on the nameboard woodwork. Soon will come
practice calligraphy for the inscription. See the photo for both lid and nameboard in situ in the instrument.
For a short time, we are the temporary caretakers of the new apothecary chest just completed by John
and Jeremy, our Cabinetmakers. We could not resist seeing how it would work as a tool chest for our small
planes and vials of glue and oils … well, it may not leave the corner, as you can see from the photo. It’s a
beautiful piece. Well done, colleagues.
It all moves forward … slowly, but it moves forward. Cheers to all and come visit.
Music rack as a still life
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Apothecary chest closed, safe in corner
Apothecary chest as tool chest
Walnut boards glued up for lid
New spinet without lid and nameboard
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�New spinet with lid and nameboard in place
New chisel from the Armoury
All photos by Melanie Belongia
The Cabinetmaker and Harpsichord-maker are open Daily.
Apothecary – The Apothecary Shop will be open Tuesday (11:30-5:00), Wednesday, Friday, and
Saturday.
Armoury:
Blacksmith – The Blacksmith Shop will be open Daily.
Tinsmith – This week in the Tin Shop, it’s been Jenny’s turn to man the fort. The Gardeners brought in
the hand lights for new coats of paint, so those have been getting a fresh touch up before the weather turns
cold and seedlings need a place to grow. Both Jenny and Steve have been working on filling an order for First
State Heritage Park in Dover, Delaware. As part of that order, Jenny patterned out a spice box copied from an
original, and Steve completed a tiny funnel to go with a tiny oil bottle.
The Tin Shop will be open Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Brickmaker – This week in the Brickyard, production soldiered along as usual through high temperatures
and not so agreeable weather. Thankfully, the bricks are doing well, but we cannot say the same about our
combined sanities. While we did encounter some rain earlier in the week, we were not deterred despite the
buildup of sun drying bricks on our drying bed. Otherwise, the grading below our drying shed has been
completed, so we should be able to pave soon, and what a task it shall be. Hopefully, we will be able to use
the shed, despite its lack of shingles, after the paving is finished.
In other news, we've received our box barrow from the Wheelwrights, with a nice new wheel, and
Master Cabinetmaker Bill has completed our shingle mold.
The Brickyard will be open Sunday through Thursday, weather permitting.
Carpenter – This week in the Carpenters Yard, we finished the back side of the roof’s lath, while we had
some grading done under the roof for the Brickyard to start paving. While that work was going on, Harold and
Mary worked on the new gates that will be hung in the back of the Brickyard. Later this week, we were able to
start back up on the installation on the front of the drying house.
The Carpenter’s Yard will be open Tuesday through Saturday, weather permitting.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Colonial Garden – The persistence of extreme heat has finally slowed activity in the Historic Garden. The
Gardeners have taken many an opportunity to interpret from the shade during frequent water breaks.
Nonetheless, notable chores have been undertaken during the week. The harvest of potatoes has been
completed, and we have happily shared the bounty with Foodways.
Half of the Solanum tuberosum crop
This week saw the construction of stick tripods about our growing chili pepper plants. The increasingly tall size
puts them at risk for falling over in a storm or due to the action of a less-than-graceful Apprentice. But the
chili peppers were not the only plant requiring fortification this week. A likely deer consumed a significant
portion of an indigo plant the Gardeners had transplanted at the Weavers’ Shop. To try and prevent a
recurrence of this unhappy event, netting now surrounds the recovering plant.
Newly supported Capsicum annuum
Newly protected Indigofera tinctoria
Previously harvested Neapolitan broccoli had air-dried sufficiently to collect the seeds. The technique was a
first for the Garden. Dried plants were placed in a sheet and then vigorously crunched and beaten. The very
small seeds were dislodged from their pods and poured through a colander to remove the worse of the chaff.
Much seed was saved!
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Brassica rapa ready to be processed
Interns Andrew and Kira scrunch the broccoli.
Pouring through the colander
Brassica rapa seed successfully collected
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�This week’s blooms of note:
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Cypress vine (Ipomoea quamoclit)
The Colonial Garden will be open Daily, weather permitting.
Cooper – In addition to our ongoing projects, the Coopers this week supplied our colleagues in Foodways
with a new bucket and repaired an Artillery Bucket for Military Programs.
The Cooper Shop will be open Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday.
Engraver – This week in the world of Engraving, Lynn is out on vacation,
and we hope she is getting some well-earned R&R. Meanwhile, in the
Waddill Shop, Erica has finished the tobacco label engraving as well as a
second label which was cut on the back of the first. She had a chance to
test print both labels with wonderful results. Additionally, she has begun
to practice water coloring her prints. Likewise, Danni has had a chance to
print the small guard plate and has been
doing several figure studies as drawing
practice. William has finished redrawing
the Centurion plate cut early in his
apprenticeship and is in the process of
preparing a transfer for the new copper
plate. He is also continuing to
collaborate with the Foundry
Apprentices for the upcoming Hennage
talk in August.
We would like to thank those who reached out with suggestions for
the name of the newest creature in the Shop. The general consensus
among submissions is that the beast itself is a depiction of a manticore.
Though descriptions vary, manticores typically have the body of a lion with
a human head, similar to an Egyptian sphynx, but with a tail of venomous
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�spines (sometimes it is a scorpion tail instead.) Upon further research, William was able to track down the
original title given by the author, and it turns out this is a portrait of a lion fish. Go figure. Thanks again, and
be sure to tune in for our next episode of “What is this even supposed to be?”
The Engraving Shop will be open Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday.
Fifes & Drums – Fifes and Drums is preparing to welcome in a new group of recruits for this fall! Having
recently completed observations, we are gearing up for interviews for potential new recruits.
By August 15th, we will have graduated our final departing Senior Corps members. This will begin a difficult
time for the Fifes and Drums Corps, as we will really begin to realize the losses from the Pandemic. The Senior
Corps is going to be the smallest it's been in decades over the next 2-3 years. However, we have also taken in
two recruits classes for the first time in decades this year to help begin to rectify the problem. Our first recruit
class this year is of a slightly higher age than the second, so we don't endure future drastic drop off. However,
this also gives us a remarkable opportunity to build the Corps up with a new and revamped curriculum. This
will enable us to refine the Corps' historical knowledge, marching, performance, and music theory ability to
stay relevant for years to come.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Foodways – The Kitchen saw a busy week with lots of exciting things happening outside of our usual
demonstrations. Frank has been heavily involved with press for our upcoming Ales Through the Ages
Conference, as well as giving an interview for an online influencer who focuses on historic brewing. Abbey
gave her first presentation at the Hennage on dining and foods at the Governor’s Palace, which by all
accounts, was very well received. Just before the end of the week, both Apprentices had their first try at
plucking and gutting four chickens which were donated by a fellow CW employee. As a part of their
apprenticeship, they were guided by the wisdom of Barbara, and the experience proved to be as informative
and engaging for them as it was for our Guests. Check out Dom in action!!
The Foodways Staff will be at the Palace Kitchen Sunday through Thursday.
Foundry – At the Foundry, our Saturday
Workshops are still proving to be successful with
even our littlest “apprentices” really getting into
the process of finishing their spoons. As for work
coming from the Shop, the Harpsicord-makers
and the Engravers have had deliveries with our
aforementioned hinges and small pewter cups
making their way to their new homes. Speaking
of work for the Anthony Hay Shop, Journeyman
Mike did some soldering work on handles for the
apothecary chest for John and Jeremy. After
soldering those, he also attached the brass disk
to Apprentice Leanne’s bronze wax seal handle,
so she is now working on getting the final finish
on it before leaving it in the hands of the
Engraving Shop. After helping with the polishing
of the harpsicord hinges, Apprentice Drew has gotten stuck into the finishing of his own wax seal handle, as
well. Last week, we mentioned that we have started researching for Apprentice Engraver William’s sundial
Hennage talk, which we would like to correct that it is in September, not August, and we are happy for the
extra time! This week also included some Shop maintenance with the installation of the wonderful curtains
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�made by Journeyman Milliner/Mantua-maker Rebecca, which will help keep the sun from turning our Shop
into a sauna in the afternoons. We started making some progress cleaning out and organizing our two storage
privies so that they work better for us and our materials. And finally, with the delivery of some more pewter,
casting musket balls will begin again for the Musket Range!
The Foundry will be open Sunday, Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday (11:30-5:00).
Gunsmith – The Gunsmith Shop will be open Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday.
Historic Farming – Prentis Field will be open Tuesday through Saturday, weather permitting.
Joinery – Good day to you all. I hope you all are doing well and staying safe from the heat. At the Joiner
Shop, Scott and Peter continue working on the final projects for their apprenticeship. As you may remember
from our last post, Peter’s research focuses on curved archways. We have several in town, specifically the
Capitol and the Raleigh Tavern. We are fortunate that Menokin removed the interior woodwork and with
their permission, we were able to study the archway construction front door. The entrance on the right is
vaulted while the left one has a flat ceiling.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Toddsbury House, Gloucester, Virginia
Used as a reference for the Raleigh Public Dining Room
The front double door, fan light, and vaulted entrance to Menokin, below.
An interesting thing Peter discovered was that the curved panels were assembled like a window sash, where
the glass would be set into a rebate, a groove open on one side, and secured with glazing putty. In this case, a
strip of wood and small nails indicated by the arrows (photo below) held the panels in place. It also looked
like the panel boards weren’t glued together.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Scott’s corner cupboard project
After a consult with Tara Gleason Chicirda, CW’s Curator of Furniture,
they decided to add four inches to the cupboard’s height since it looks like
the foot was cut down. They’ll use one of the other Eastern Shore pieces
as a guide for the design. We’ll keep you all posted on the Progress!
The Joinery will be open Sunday, Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday.
Military Programs – On Tuesday, John and Alex went to join our friends at the Wheelwright Shop to
start making handles for pulling our cannons. They spent most of the afternoon shaving down white oak to
make the shape of the handles. Ren has been working on research in preparation for their Professional
Development Grant trip in August where they hope to learn how to make the clothing for a 71st Regiment
impression. Kevin went last week for the hair dressing program at the Wigmakers and came out looking like a
handsome soldier. John continues to compile the orders for Virginia Regiments and tweaking his report on an
updated history of the Virginia State Garrison Regiment/Dabney’s State Legion. Our materials for knapsacks
and market wallets have arrived, and we are getting ready to make those to be used during our “campaign” to
the Frontier Culture Museum next month. The staff is continuing to work toward a skills ladder.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Kevin having his hair dressed
A laundry mark made by Ren for their
soldier's kit
From Ren's research for the 71st
Regiment
Milliner and Mantua-maker – With the Mistress taking a well-deserved vacation, Rebecca, Kate, and
Rachel have kept busy working through the Shop's ever-expanding to-do list. Rebecca stitched and delivered
some new linen curtains for the Foundry and is doing some much-needed (and much-procrastinated) mending
on shifts and petticoats. Both she and Kate also continue stitching on the boning channels for their new stays.
Rachel cut and fit a new shortgown for Bindery Intern Mary-Hannah. Now that Mary-Hannah's internship has
been extended into the fall, Rachel is also doing some alterations on a linsey-woolsey gown for her so that she
has something to wear as the weather begins to cool. Junior Interpreter Summer is nearly finished with her
first cap and has done a beautiful job with her fine stitching. Our research time this week has been devoted to
a couple of areas of interest to each of us. Kate and Rebecca wrote up a program proposal for a Hennage talk
for “Women's History Month”. Kate continues her exploration of jewelry and the ways in which it was worn
and acquired in the second half of the 18th century. Rebecca is reading through the latest scholarship on the
interpretation of slavery at museum sites to explore effective techniques to integrate into our Shop
interpretation. Rachel's work with the Bray School materials progresses nicely, and she's working on a blog
post to share some of her latest exciting finds.
The Milliner and Mantua-maker will be open Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday.
Printer and Bookbinder:
Printing Office – Work continues on 2000
copies of Alexander Purdie's Postscript containing
The Virginia Declaration of Rights. Chad Jones has
been using a brass straight edge to tear the sheets
into equal halves. Though Chad does a neat job in
his tearing, the original copy in the Library of
Congress includes part of the top line of the other
half. Oops!
The Printing Office will be open Tuesday,
Wednesday, Friday (11:30-5:00), and Saturday.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Bindery – Greetings From the Bookbinders! This Christmas in July, the Bookbinders would like to take a
moment to recognize all the writers and keepers of stories of the past, present, and future. We find it to be
incredibly important to acknowledge the unsung geniuses, writers, poets, and others who were never
recognized, their talent never fully realized, their ideas gone to the grave with them. When talent is not
recognized and brought forth, society suffers. Take a moment to peruse these 18th-century authors and pass
on the information. When I tell our school groups about these authors, I watch their faces visibly light up!
These books were put together by Felicity Meza-Luna, Barbara Swanson, and Dale Dippre. They rested in two
wreaths and were hung on the front windows of the Bookbindery. They are still my very favorite wreaths of
all time.
Benjamin Banneker: Free African American Almanac author, surveyor, landowner, and farmer
Aphra Behn: Playwright, poet, translator, and fiction writer
Olaudah Equiano: English-Nigerian writer and abolitionist, who purchased his freedom
Hannah Glasse: English cookery writer, wrote the best-selling cookbook of the 18th century, The Art of
Cookery Made Plain and Easy
Samson Occam: Presbyterian cleric, author, and member of the Mohegan Nation in Connecticut
Catherine Parr: Author, and wife of Henry VIII
Joseph Plumb Martin: Soldier of the Revolutionary War who wrote his memoirs
Susanna Rowson: British-American novelist, poet, playwright, religious writer, stage actor, educator,
first woman geographer, supporter of female education, wrote against slavery
Ignatius Sancho: Born into enslavement, Ignatius became the first black man to vote in a British
election. He was a writer of essays, an author, an abolitionist, and a composer.
Phillis Wheatley: Enslaved African American female poet, who later became free
Mary Wollstonecraft: English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women’s rights
Cheers!
The Bookbindery will be open Sunday (11:30-5:00), Monday, Tuesday, and Friday.
Public Leather Works – Greetings once again from The Public Leather Works!!!
It's time once again for our Mail Bag segment, where we answer some of the Leather Works’ FAQ's.
Our first question comes from Angela M. of Tacoma, Washington.
Angela asks: "What do you treat your leather with?"
Great question, Angela. The answer is Respect. Lots of Respect.
Our next question comes from Thomas M. of St. Louis, Missouri
Thomas asks: "How is your leather prepared?"
Well, Thomas, before any shipment of leather leaves the warehouse, it goes through some pretty intense
counseling so it understands exactly where it's going and what is expected of it.
Our next question comes from Sally R. of Mitchell South Dakota.
Sally asks: "Do you die it?"
Well, Sally, I try, but I can't keep the weight off.
What??
Oh. DYE it. My mistake. Occasionally, Sally. But not full sides or hides, that would be too messy.
Our final question comes from Sara C. Of Williamsburg, Virginia.
Sara asks: "Are you serious?!?!?"
Rarely, Sara. Very rarely.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�If you have a question for the Public Leather Works, please write it on the back of a U.S. $20.00 bill and mail it
to us here at the Shop. If your question is chosen, you will receive an answer and be entered into our end-ofyear drawing for a mystery prize!
Thank you all and as always, let us know if you need anything!
The Public Leather Works will be open Sunday, Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday. On Tuesday, August
2nd, 4:30pm in the Hennage Auditorium, the staff of the Public Leather Works will present, “Leather
Breeches in the 18th Century.” Leather Breeches were a part of everyday life in the 18th Century and
brought together all levels of society in the common pursuit of fashion and function. Come discover what
leather breeches are and how 18th-century peoples interacted with them, through fashion, the making of,
and the ubiquitous nature of the garment.
Shoemaker – Nicole is currently fixing a pair of shoes for herself, Victoria is halfway through her first pair of
slippers, and Val is working on shoes for one of the Tinners. All three just completed their “Active Shooter”
refresher training. Victoria is working on her Hennage presentation regarding leather baskets and is
researching 18th-century baby shoes for a future talk. Nicole removed her paste heels from the molds, is
currently reading about lawn tennis shoes, and just finished reading an article about John Hose (an 18thcentury women’s shoemaker in London). Val is working on the goal and objectives for the Shop’s Family
Workshop and has resumed work on a pair of 18th-century baby shoes. The milliners were kind enough to
supply the pattern for the shoes.
The Shoemakers will be at the Armoury on Sunday, Monday (11:30-5:00), Thursday, and Saturday.
Silversmith – Work continues as always in the Silversmith Shop. Tam is soldering more silver rings and
letter charms for the store. Megan is working on her two silver bowls, polishing spoons, and learning to draft
patterns for holloware. Chris is working on chasing in the silver tray body before soldering the rim to the
piece. Bobbie has cut the excess edge off her tray and is starting the clean-up process. Preston has been
polishing a tray of jewelry for the store and is working on his fluted bowls. George has been working on the
gold mote spoon. He has shown Megan how to anneal gold and is teaching her how to draft patterns. Bobbie
has been gathering information and notes concerning James Craig in preparation for a research trip in the fall.
Bobbie’s tray
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Chris chasing her tray
George showing Megan how to draft
holloware
Volume 8, Issue 28
�Megan’s first attempt at laying out a silver cup. She will be making two of these for her apprenticeship.
Jewlery ready for retail
Tailor – The Tailor Shop will be open Sunday, Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
Weaving, Spinning, and Dyeing – Our Shop is moving right along, getting four dyes ready for Dye
Day on Saturday, the 30th. First, our yarn or fabric has to be scoured, or deeply clean and boiled. Next, it is
mordanted, or soaked in a chemical solution to make the dye adhere to the fabric. Depending on the chemical
used, this can even impact the color of the final
result by making a color more bright (tin) or more
dull or sad (iron,) though we most commonly use
alum to give the most true result. The fabric is
often allowed to dry before Dye Day, then soaked
day of before being placed in the dye pots.
Eighteenth-century dyes can give the beautiful
bright colors of this tartan, the soft blue of this
check, or the elegant green of this tape. Of
course, there's always room for basic black or
white, like these two dimities which are currently
on our looms. If this raised some questions
about specific colors, or you just want to know
more, we welcome you to stop by our Shop
whenever we're open!
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�The Weaving Shop will be open Tuesday through Saturday.
Wheelwright – A good week for the Deane Wheelwrights: the Shop was able to tire a front carriage wheel
for the visiting Teacher's Institute. Special thanks goes to Blacksmith Intern Josh for his assistance with the
tiring. Master Wheelwright Paul continues work on the hand cart repair for the Powder Magazine. In the
photo below, the rivets Paul used can be seen holding the fresh piece and the older blue piece together.
Apprentice Murphy is currently fitting together the standards and sides of his handcart body, and Apprentice
Joel is wrapping up a wheelbarrow repair for the Brickyard. Research on the plow project continues, as well as
research pertaining to 18th-century paint.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�The Wheelwright Shop will be open Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday.
Wigmaker – Greetings from the Wig Shop! Debbie would like to thank Benton and Lexie for holding down
the fort while she and Edith were both out this past week. Maintenance continues as usual as the
temperatures continue to rise. Benton has been sorting horsehair for his wig, while Lexie has nearly
completed her lady's attachment. Research continues into George Washington's hair, the 18th-century hair
market, and men's wig styles. In the coming weeks, we will be focusing on preparing for our fall Workshop
and planning for potential Halloween events.
The Wig Shop will be open Sunday, Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a publication of the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades & Skills.
Editor: Shari Monaco
Contributors: Anthony Hay Shop – Jeremy Tritchler (Cabinetmaker) and Ed Wright (Harpsichord-maker),
Armoury – Jenny Lynn (Tinsmith), Brickmaker – Madeleine Bolton, Carpenter – Matt Sanbury, Colonial Garden
– Marc Nucup, Cooper – Jon Hallmann, Engraver – William Fleming, Fifes & Drums – Justin Chapman,
Foodways – Abbey Shoaf, Foundry – Leanne Bellouny, Joinery – Brian Weldy, Military Programs – John Settle,
Milliner and Mantua-maker – Rebecca Godzik, Printer and Bookbinder – Peter Stinely (Printer) and Barbara
Swanson (Bindery), Public Leather Works – Jan Tilly, Shoemaker – Val Povinelli, Silversmith – Megan Cantwell,
Weaving, Spinning, and Dyeing – Annie Buss, Wheelwright – Joel Morris, Wigmaker – Debbie Turpin
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 28
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Mechanick's Adviser
Description
An account of the resource
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a weekly newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades and Skills beginning in September 2015 and continuing to the present. The word “mechanick” is an alternative spelling of “mechanic” and is used here in the more archaic sense meaning a skilled tradesperson or artisan. Some weeks the newsletter was not produced and there is a significant months-long gap in the 2020 newsletters reflecting the pandemic-related limitations and closures of the department. The newsletter relates employee news and the current work projects and research of the various trades’ shops belonging to the department as well as other groups described as “skills” including military, music, and dance programs.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Mechanick's Adviser. Volume 8, number 28, August 1, 2022
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2022-08-01