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Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
Animal News
FEBRUARY
1992
VOLUME 5, NO. 1
Our Amazing American Creams
Winter Days and Wooly Horses
So far this winter the conversations have ranged from " Gee,
In October Jane, Benjamin, and Moses took a trip to the
it's pretty warm for December; to " Well, I guess we' re getting a
taste of winter." 3ut, no snow or ice to really stir things up, and
make everyone long for a cup of something hot and more socks.
Those days are a coming, and you may wonder " What about the
Virginia State Fair for Draft Horse Day. The trip gives us a
chance to introduce people to American Creams, and introduce
young Benjamin to the " outside" world.
Jane ( CW Sour Cream) took second place in the grade mare
class. Benjamin ( CW Cream de la Creme) took fourth place in
the Virginia Bred Fitting and Showmanship. While his young
animals... do they get an extra pair of socks?" Not to worry, we' ve
got a plan.
All that extra hair the horses grow over the winter is not just
to collect
mud
and make
the coachmen
miserable;
the horses
have grown their winter woolies. For the most part, our winters
are mild enough that the majority of horses with a good winter
and tender age hampered him ( he was a little upset without his
mom), he performed willingly and by the afternoon he was an
old hand at the whole thing.
horses are happy whatever the temperature, and some are thin
skinned and need some extra help. Hairless human creatures that
Moses went as an eighteenth -century pack horse in a
costume class. This year the state fair held a class for costumes
representing the use of the horse ( or mule) through history.
Moses carried large gunny sacks, lashed to his pack, saddle
we are, we think because we need to wear a winter coat ( most
baskets filled with fruits and vegetables; leather; a fleece, and as
likely made out of some unnatural man- made fiber) then our
extra cash on designer coats for Fifi and Fido. Even horse owners
the crowning glory, Lightning the game cock in a chicken basket
lashed to the top of everything. With his pack bell ringing and
the rooster crowing, Moses was hard to miss. The judges peeked
are not immune. The sheet and blanket section in horse catalogs
in all the baskets and bundles and even though there was some
is large enough to make even a Barbie doll blush. Do they really
need those designer blankets to keep warm? Sometimes. Mostly
tough competition, awarded Moses the blue ribbon. Karen
though, the blankets are for the owners convenience. For ex-
Moses
coat can do quite well even on days with low temperatures. Some
animals need a coat as well. Pet store owners make all sorts of
ample, our coachmen put a blanket or sheet on the big grey polish
horses at night so that in the morning most of the green and brown
manure stains are on the blanket rather than the grey horse.
Although the laundry may disagree, it' s much easier to launder
a blanket occasionally, than scrub a large grey horse daily. Using
Smith did a super job of "leaping into the breech" and showing
to his win.
This year the state fair encouraged patriotic theme stall
decoration
so we joined in the spirit. After all, the American
Cream is the only American draft horse. Our theme was " Made
in America" as a backdrop to display our educational posters
about the American Cream. We used red and blue bunting left
the blanket trims some of the surface area to clean. Humans also
over from the floats in the
enjoy dressing up their animals because it makes us feel good.
Did the horse really request that hot pink and lime green trim
Philadelphia. Nothing is ever thrown away around here. The
laundry provided us with old sheets, Karen Smith made the signs
and posters, Karen' s mom lent us giant tubs of mums, and my
mom provided artistic help making a folk art Uncle Sam.
Kids... they grow up, get married and hold jobs, but they still
want help with their art projects! We didn' t win but we were
proud of our colorful, attractive and informative display.
After the fair, Mary and Jane went to Carter' s Grove, and
Easter and Ben stayed at our modern stable. Weaning time. After
one noisy day the youngsters settled down and resumed their
early training. This winter they will learn to stand quietly while
being groomed, calmly pick up their feet to be trimmed or
cleaned, lead and tie. They are working on their horse pre- school
lessons. Ben has also started work on the lunge line and is doing
blanket with the matching hood? I hope not.
Back to our plan. During the winter, the staff is careful to
make sure that the livestock has a good supply of clean, ice free
water. Many of our pastures now have automatic waterers with
heating elements to prevent frozen water. This is important, as
frozen or ice filled water can lead to dehydration;
a serious
problem whatever the season. Keep your pets' outside water
bowl free of ice. Twice a day the water is checked and ice broken
and removed. The staff also makes sure that the animals caloric
intake is enough to help them keep warm. Too thin is also too
cold. We also carefully check on the horses to make sure they
aren' t uncomfortable. Sometimes by aftemoon, one may be
standing at the gate cold, although in the morning he may have
been just fine. The staff knows who are the " freezers", who may
need careful checking. On those rainy days we check to make
sure that the undercoat of the horse is still dry even though the top
is wet. If they' re wet all the way through, they horse may need
to come in. We check on the temperature and keep a close eye on
the forecast. We also know which pastures have good natural
windbreaks to give shelter, and which are cold and breezy.
OK, so you' re not worried about the cold days; but when do
the horses come in? They are brought in when there is freezing
1987 Constitutional
Parade in
very well.
This winter marks achange in our American Cream Family.
Jane will be going to live with Karen Smith. Karen did much of
the work in bringing the Creams to CWF, is a director on the
board of the American
Cream
Draft Horse Association,
and
edits The American Cream Newsletter. Jane has come a long
way from the fiigiitened mare who stepped off that long u- aiiei
ride in 1989. Much of that progress is due to Karen, the one Jane
really trusts. So Mama, as we call her, will continue being
mama for Karen. We know she will be in good hands.
or snow. We have a battle
Remember Aaron, Janes' second colt? He was sold to our
plan for those days and every horse has an assigned stall. Don' t
worry about the sheep — those long wools are wearing several
sweaters by now. Remember that wool is still warm when wet.
The cows will be hiding in the woods.
So on those cold snowy days the snowplow will be shoveling the streets, our hero' s in landscape will be clearing the walks
farrier Stan Rudacil. Stan reports that Aaron is doing well. He is
starting his training for driving and has made a few trips down
the lane with the cart. American Cream Aaron gave pony rides
for Stan' s son Stone' s birthday party. Two -legged Stone and
four -legged Aaron are both the same age — three years old and
at Colonial Williamsburg,
shoveling... well, you know!
A good illustration of the Cream' s willing and quiet tempera-
rain; rain, wind and low temperatures;
and
we' ll be in the barns
Stone loves to ride Aaron with his father' s careful supervision.
ment.
�Older Cream brother Moses turns four and continues to do
well with his cart work. This winter he will assist the oxen in
for this holiday are my Percheron " brothers" Prince, Bill, and
clearing brush by the jail, hauling away all the pulled up brush.
Learning patience is still Moses' biggest challenge. He also
shows a strong streak of curiosity with just a little bit of mischief.
He spend a day observing and harassing a C& P repairman who
I' ve informed Mr. Nicoll that I will be available in the
had the misfortune to have to work too close to Moses' pasture
fence. Our maintenance department has informed Moses that if
he is going to pick up rakes and shovels while the guys are using
them and carry them away, Moses will have to start learning to
use them properly and help out with the job.
Mary ( CW Rich and Creamy) will again make the trip to
Western Virginia to be bred to the stallion Silver ( CW Cream of
the Crop). We hope for a 1993 Foal.
Bruce.
spring --- and
not before! Of course, Prince, Bill and Brucefollowmy
lead and do as I say! By
the way, I' enjoying my new pasture at Carter' s Grove, that
m
was especial y built for me. Comings
and Goings Belgian
mare Dolly, and Jake and Jock the mules, were traded
for Pat and Nell from Saluda. The departure of Jake and Jock
leaves the Historic Area currently " muleless". Though we hope
to acquire a pair in the future. Pat and Nell are two grade mares
of unknown ancestry, short and stocky with black manes and
National Inquirer Reports Elvis
tails and brown bodies. Pat
Returning to CWF in the Landau
is a train g vehicle with a high seat for the driver, a brake system (
Yes of course, it' s a gag headline. Elvis is not coming to
CWF. However, there is a strong possibility that the Landau will
finally be finished and back in use in the Historic Area this year.
The Landau was sent to Mr. John Zimmerman' s carriage shop
for restoration. Mr. Zimmerman has been working a steady, but
extremely slow pace for to these many years.
For those of you who can' t remember just what a Landau is,
or why you should be excited...here' s a refresher course.
A Landau is a type of carriage named for the town in
Germany where it was first built. This type of carriage was in use
in England before the middle of the eighteenth century. William
Felton in his 18th- century book Treatise on Carriages, defines
a Landau as a " carriage built in the manner of a coach, but, with
the upper part of the body to open at pleasure." There must have
been small demand for Landau' s in colonial Virginia, as Wil-
liamsburg coach -makers eventually dropped the carriage from
the list of vehicles they could make or repair. There is only one
reference to a Landau in Virginia. Phillip Ludwell Lee of
Stratford in Westmoreland County, lists a Landau in his inventory of 1775- 76.
Our Landau was designed here at Colonial Williamsburg in
consultation with Paul Downing. Built in 1960, it carries the
arms of Phillip Ludwell Lee painted on its' doors with twentieth
century bullet proof panels. That special modification gives a
clue to the Landaus use as the carriage providing rides for
visiting heads of state. The Landau was very familiar to the
secret service during the 1983 Economic Summit Conference,
when all the heads of state rode in the carriage. After twenty- six
years in the spotlight the Landau was beginning to become a mite
tattered, so it made the journey to Lancaster, Pennsylvania to
Zimmerman' s carriage shop.
One of the reasons for its long delay was the difficulty in
finding a source for the right coach lace. Germany proved to be
the final source for the broad lace woven on one of the few
remaining jacquard looms. The carriage was completely stripped,
new upholstery and of course new paint. Not just any old paint
job, but the kind of deep glow that comes from layers of paint
lovingly applied, sanded off and then painted again. The type of
paint that almost grows from the wood rather than placed on top.
You can' t hurry this type of job and you certainly can' t hurry the
Amish. Especially when some 5000 tacks will be required for the
upholstery and hood. The last touches will be done here where
our CWF craftsmen will gild and paint the coat of arms.
The astrological signs all say this is the year of the Landau' s
return. Keep an eye out for a mustard colored carriage with green
interior. and the squirrels and acorns of the Lee family aims.
Oh... and keep your grubby fingers off the paint job! Gosh, seeing
the Landau and Elvis all in one year — what a year it could be!
and Nell will be working first with the skeleton break. This
something our colonial carriages do not have), front wheel
that can turn easily, and a platform for a helper to stand. The "
skeleton" part of the name refers to the lack of body to carry passengers.
All new horses work first with Joe Jones pulling the skeleton
break before they move to one of our colonial carriages. Under
Joe' s able guidance they acquire any new lessons if needed,
stop old bad habits and are introduced to the Historic Area.
Only when Joe gives the OK, can they finish horse P. E. and
I.
begin giving rides for visitors in the Historic Area.Belgian
horse Dick (
Dolly' s partner) was sold to a local resident
as a riding horse. Kurtos,
a grey Lippizan gelding has joined the stable as Karen
Smith' s side saddle mount. A little too large to be totally accurate,
he is most importantly safe and steady under saddle. The
Devon cows Nora and Hannah are doing their best blimp
with horns"imitations waiting for the birth of their calves in
February or early March. This year we would be very happy to
see two bull calves to keep for a new pair of oxen. There
is a new sheep face in our pastures. He is a large handsome
English Leicester ram from the Beechwood flock in New
Zealand. "Woodie"
as
we have nicknamed him,is on loan for
breeding to help us widen the gene pool of our flock. He was imported
from New Zealand about the same time as our own frock
from Tasmania. The
farm owner whose business is
of rams viewed. Woodie is among the top percentage of
New Zealand English Leicesters. We are very pleased with this
generous loan.
By using Woodie we are able to combine the best
of Australian breeding with the best of New Zealand breeding.
Some of Woodies finer qualities are superior fleece, and
good hindquarters. In
spite of Woodie' s go d looks, he' s not a stuc"up"kind of
kguy. He has a super temperment, very important in a ram. Wellington
has been known to butt. It's no fun to be knocked flat on
your face in the mud and sheep poop by several hundred pounds
of ram hitting you at full speed. Even worse is Ram - lash,"
"
when you stay on your feet,but your neck and back are sore
for weeks. During breeding season when the ram' s hor- mones
are raging, we do funny sidesteps and always keep one eye
out for the ram. Woodie' s calm and friendly temperment is most
appreciated. He seems very interested in his new location, spending
time gazing our through the pasture fence watching the world.
Most of the other sheep seem only interested in food. The
rams have done their ramly thing. In Scotland you would
(
call them Tups). We
expect lots of spring English Leicester
lambs to look cute and be lots of work. Things
will be au. siing in the spiuig' QUESTIONS?
A Word from the TOPsy
As Told to Lee Peters
Greetings from Colonial Williamsburg' s number one celebrity horse, Topsy. For those of you who may be alarmed
because I' ve been absent from the streets of Colonial Williams-
burg, have no fear, I' m on vacation at Carter' s Grove. Joining me
to provide
quality fleeces to handspin ers, selected Woodie from hundreds
COMMENTS? Please write to: mal
AniEditor, MEW. Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
is published by Coach and Livestock Opera-tion,
Historic Area Programs and Tours Allison
Harcourt, Editor
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 5, no. 1, February, 1992
Description
An account of the resource
Winter Days and Wooly Horses -- Our Amazing American Creams -- National Inquirer Reports Elvis Returning to CWF in the Landau -- A Word from the TOPsy / as Told to Lee Peters -- Comings and Goings
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Harcourt, Allison, editor
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An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
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bb6725a95e55c317ec5e99dc4e1ff54a
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
A
News
MAY/ JUNE 1991
VOLUME 3, NO. 1
l`
n
COI
Lu
THE THE CREAMS ARE IN AN
COMINGS AND GOINGS
.
INCREASING WAY
The American Cream ladies have had
In September
they strutted
an
their stuff at the Virginia State
Fair Draft Horse Show. Washed and gleaming,
tied up sporting green and yellow
style,
Margaret ( C. W. Rich and
Sour
W.
Cream),
second place. Of
Creams
to take
in hand."
shown "
judged
were
their
win
especially
with
They
Jennifer Frank. In 1991
ance
classes,
perhaps
a
row,
were
were
place.
good
looks." The Creams
Karen Smith and
by
shown
hope they will
we
but
classes,
year in
The girls
their"
and
for
ribbon
led into the ring and
were
or
prepared
expertly
in" in hand"
for the second
first and second
on confirmation
red
pretty excited to have the
we were
class
Mary
Jane( C.
stablemate
the
Mary taking
course
Last year
took home the blue
Creamy)
This year first place went to her
ribbon.
with tails
in true draft horse
ribbons
swept the Grade Mare class.
they
fall.
eventful
of
one
pulling
not only
compete
in perform-
their versatility
show
our
modem
training
in mind,
With the future
She is destined
not
only for
Mary'
soon
right back to work.
occasional glory in the
role...
pulling
a carriage
show
in the
s
and Jane have been bred to
Mary
Cream Stallion, C. W. Cream of the
foaled.
a
went
training had to be placed on hold, as
became too large to fit between the shafts of the
area.
meadowbrook.
can
Mary
an
ring, but her most important
she
led off
Mary
lovely filly.
by foaling
Her barn
name
days later Jane followed
suit
Easter
on
will
with
His barn
name
will be Benjamin
foals
doing
an
Crop and
Sunday,
Ameri-
have
now
giving
be Easter. A couple
an
equally
healthy
us
with Devit.
The second new face is an iron grey Percheron gelding
named Ladd. This five- year- old gelding was a donation
from Fords Colony. Ladd is the same type of horse as
Topsy and Prince, and Bill and Bruce, our big black
Percherons. Even though Ladd is young, he is doing quite
well and is working with one of the Polish horses. His new
partner is Kaskadar, better known as Moose. You may
already have seen a four-in- hand of greys working around
town, and with the arrival of these two new grey horses,
there are high hopes of putting together a six for special
occasions. Keep watching.
Our first homebred has stepped out into the big wide
are
watch on the expectant mothers.
of the
mares
Draft
horses.
Although
Aaron
is of
American Cream parentage, he does not fit the criterion for
Creams and cannot be registered. He will be too small for
use in the Historic Area, but our farrier, Stan Rudacil
finds
him just the thing. Stan reports that his family enjoys
Aarons' good temperament and that he will continue
Aaron' s training.
Coach and Livestock has joined with other departments offering early retirement. Tom, our sidesaddle horse
colt.
decided to take advantage of the offer, especiallyashisnew
and
home is a huge farm in northern Virginia with lots of grass.
their nightly
de-
a family who are delighted with his steady manner and
a close
included
good personality. Tom reports that the plush accommodalions are only his due for his 25- plus years of service for
the condi-
Colonial Williamsburg. He did decline the silver bowl in
to thank the security
wishes
the night shift), for
partment ( especially
on
Ben. Both
Cream
company, and lots of goodies. He' s doing light work with
Coach and Livestock
the stable
or
American
of
well.
Security
rounds,
keeping
officers
checking
on
They spotted Mary just after she had
foaled, and finding Jane in labor called Richard Nicoll.
tion
Wielkopolska, or Polish Warmblood. He will be partnered
world. Aaron is the half brother to Moses, one of our
vehicles.
historic
Two new horses have joined the staff at Coach and
Livestock. The first is Czerkas, a nine- year- old grey gelding. Czerkas is the fifth horse donated by John Seabrook of
Salem, New Jersey. Like the other four, Czerkas is a
mares.
Richard and Martha Nicoll acted
as"
midpeople,"
favor of carrots.
giving a
gentle tug when needed. Karen Smith arrived to dip the
umbilical cords in iodine, and make sure the foals were up
and nursing well. Although both mares had uncomplicated
births,
a close
be called
watch meant that veterinary
if needed.
Foaling
assistance
time means
Richard Nicoll and Karen Smith;
long
Security' s help
could
nights
7t:
for
4;
s *
means
c: v.^
peace of mind and healthy mares and foals.
y
r
NEW MOTHER ALERT
Mares have
an
instinctive
desire to protect their foals.
When admiring the babies in the pasture, please look but
don' t touch. We appreciate your help in saving our new
mothers
some anxious
moments.
I
1
L,
•
,
44
�FOLDING
MOSES HAS A NEW JOB
by Elaine Shirley
American Cream Moses shows the advantage of rais-
ing
horses. He is
our own
now
three years old and entering
phase in his training. Last year
a new
laid the
we
ground-
work, teaching him to go forward and stop and turn in any
He was hitched to a drag made of fence rails to
direction.
teach him to
He
pull weight.
was soon
ready for the training
cart working
at both the walk and the trot. His next
is work with
the flatbed
and in the process
around town
helping
step
the cart in tight
to maneuver
learning
big
to do chores,
has done very well in all of his lessons,
places.
calmly accepting each new challenge. When faced with
something scary like the horse- eating turkey at the WindMoses
mill,
a
soothing
ready to
voice
get back
will quickly
We
to business.
calm
are
him down and he' s
pleased with
very
his
How do you fold a sheep? Along the dotted line, match
point A and point B, or on the crease? To fold a sheep, or
more correctly a flock of sheep, you put them in a pen. We
have been folding the sheep around town using temporary
fencing called hurdles. Hurdles are sections of fence made
of wood, that are pushed into the ground to make a sheep
pen or a sheep fold. Temporary fencing has always been
popular with sheep farmers because they can force the
sheep to graze in a small area. Today folding is still popular,
but modem sheep farmers use nylon netting with electric
wire and metal posts. So when you see the sheep in some
new places, remember they are being folded, but not
spindled
or stapled.
quick mind and his ready trust in people. You will see
M
Moses at work this summer in his role as " Cart Horse"
v,
r
gaining experience and learning new lessons.
TUPPING TIME
by Elaine Shirley
Tupping time ended in early February, and the tups
were sent to the Windmill to bachelors quarters. The tip is
a breeding ram and tupping time, of course, is when the ran
is put with the
ewes
to produce
lambs. There
are
lots of
things we do to the sheep before nipping time, such as
worming, feet trimming, and flushing. Flushing is to give
the adult females
a
few
ovulation
By following
had
still waiting to
The
week
a
he
while
leave
number
see
the Dumber of lambs.
for the last three years,
we
of twins in' 89 and' 90, and
colors
was
faint mark
is put in the pen. This helps to
have
we are
about ' 91.
had oil
ram
ram
and thus increase
this practice
increased
an
higher than normal level of energy feed
before the
weeks
increase;
a
on
with
applied to his chest about every
the ewes.
The oil
colors
would
the ewe when the ram services her, so
we can determine when the lambs will be born. You may
ROLLICKING RED DEVONS
Nora and Hannah are enjoying a vacation at Carter' s
Grove, but it' s soon time to get back to the business of
beingmilk cows. As theyare not currentlyexpecting, the
g'
first step is a visit to the Bull. After a careful search, a
particularly impressive North Carolina Devon bull was
chosen as the reigning sire. The ladies leave in April for
their dream date. Nora has let it be known that she really
would prefer a fun ship cruise to the Islands instead of
North Carolina. Sorry dear, the " love boat" is not in the
budget. The human staff are planning on early 1992 calves.
still be able to see faint traces of blue, red, or yellow on a
few of the ewes rears. The colors also help to tell if the ewes
and the ram are doing their job. If the entire group of ewes
are marked with two or three consecutive
colors, it tells the
shepherd that the ram is probably sterile because the ewes
are continuing to ovulate. On the other hand, if a few ewes
are marked
two or three times, it tells the shepherd
that
those ewes probably will not breed.
Most breeds of sheep are seasonal breeders. This
means they breed when the day length starts to shorten,
from August to January. We' ll be looking for lambs
months after the ram was put in with the ewes.
1r1V:
five
SPRING LAMBS
Lambing
season
already have two
with
more
on
sets
started this year around mid April. We
of twins and
the way.
Some
of the
pasture in front of the Powell House.
according
can'
to the condition
of
a couple
new
lambs
They
of the grass and
t find them, call us at ext. 2491
single
are
lambs,
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, M-W. Colonial Williamsburg
l
in the
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
may be moved
weather.
If you
for their location.
Operation, Historic Trades Department
Allison Harcourt, Editor
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 3, no. 1, May/June, 1991
Description
An account of the resource
The Creams are in an Increasing Way -- New Mother Alert -- Coming and Goings -- Moses has a New Job -- Tupping Time / by Elaine Shirley -- Spring Lambs
Folding / by Elaine Shirley
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Harcourt, Allison, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/035f97e744e42f5de67aaf74ce2db1b2.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=lCibEmw72pnfUS0YAkDTqiwetWI4HsVGCIzRlfOK6hhbsXTjN2r7DaOv4vORfEZHX6iHxARzjz1XDkqTgbZD7eK0U%7EY2WqexNr8dwW2p0Pq4FqBKrGd8F0tWEbxhusIWk1HINkbr%7EFrVRqtskzPrA64oqDh556m9mps%7EqgBHWTkcEpRWY2LfNvoQmRmaA8y0sGSaZZZbUby2GumphsyRWDtRtodIBIqkXduimNT9aYTYL0wtpiebm%7EdYYUQIJVGJ1l7BctKs7%7E2-OVFKATUJCiG59CeE9UEnH4ryQ6R7br%7EZUEKfAVyQgSoW6nZRagKP3Yy3VjWZ292QVGBbcX2VNQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
96201abf862f08bd908de78fd9845698
PDF Text
Text
C
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---
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TheColonial Williamsburg
RCLD PDD •'
PAIvTPr4.:. A ill-E. '/
Animal
ew
VOLUME 2, NO. 7
1990
AUGUST/ SEPTEMBER,
CREAMS ON THE GO!
NEW ARRIVALS AND SAD
FAREWELLS
Even though it
was
Early Friday morning, April 20, the truck and large horse
still officially
winter,
spring seemed
than ever with the arrival of a fine bull calf from our
closer
Milking Red Devon cow, Alice. From the very start this little
boy was up and investigating everything so it was not long
With two
called Curious George.
before he
was
ladies
to
calve,
would
calve
there was some discussion
that it' s natural she will be registered
babies,
as
C.
the last of our ladies
was
Devon
one
lovely heifer
a birthday like
W. Spring.
of
spring in her own way with the appearance
calf born just after the Vernal Equinox. With
Hannah
more
to which
as
On March 20, Nora heralded the start of
next.
calves come
into the world
on
a
to calve.
Like all
their own timetable. No
though Hannah looked ready
second to provide added excitement for the weekend. Of
any
after we had relaxed and given up peering at her,
course,
calf for Open House
new
even
just
He will be
calf.
calmly delivered a strong bull
registered as C. W. Randolph.
Hannah
Along
routine
of
with the arrival
like
chores
new
vaccinations
spring. April 4, our veterinarian
the cattle.
As Alice was led to
Doxtater noticed
she
seemed
a
came
the
there
calves
for all
were
animals
our
still
every
to check and vaccinate
for her
stocks
turn,
little upset and suggested
Dr.
he
stall with her calf. Just after
give Alice her injections in the
and in
she reached the stall Alice began having convulsions
of aggressive and
spite
died
Alice
This
an
extensive
by
treatment
Dr. Doxtater,
great shock
as
well
as a
mystery. What
great
caused her death? The initial post mortem simply showed a
Tissue samples were sent off to the
cow.
basically healthy
state
The
lab.
results
told
us
that Alice
did
not
have
any
disease nor was her death due to any management
problems.
at the state lab
The pathology report from the veterinarians
could not give a probable cause of death. Our vet' s speculation is that of a possible aneurysm, but we will never know for
sure. One small relief was that Alice' s calf was already eating
a little
hay and grain and simply went to his new owner just
tells us that George
Renate Daigenault
earlier than planned.
is
a
healthy growing bull calf
hands and look forward
Working
with
to
animals
Two days later
newal.
presented
loves
to
be
groomed
and
that George is in such capable
We are delighted
scratched.
who
following
his progress.
shows the
our
cycle
trailer loaded with three American Creams, Karen Smith,
Allison Harcourt, and what seemed like a ton of equipment,
left C. W. bound for the Virginia Horse Center in Lexington,
Virginia. We were to take part in the Virginia Horse Festival
which showcases the many breeds and uses of horses in
Virginia. Breed displays, demonstrations of different types
of riding, and educational presentations by organizations
such as 4- H make the weekend lively and informative.
We were excited about the opportunity to participate in
the Festival as an opportunity to educate the public about the
American Cream Draft horse, Colonial Williamsburg'
s rare
breed program and, of course, Colonial Williamsburg itself.
Karen Smith, Stable Manager, had worked for months in
advance setting up the trip, preparing information and posters for the breed display stall, and a host of other small but
vitally important details. We were also eager to show off the
progress the Creams had made with their training program.
Saturday morning the public found the Creams with their
stalls sporting smart looking name plates made by Colonial
Williamsburg' s paint shop, an interesting and attractive breed
display, and us scurrying to get ready for the Cream' s breed •
presentation. This was the chance for Mary Margaret( C. W.
Rich and Creamy) and Moses( C. W. Cream de Mint) to strut
their stuff in the main arena.
Karen' s narration gave the
history of the American Cream Draft horse, noted the breed' s
usefulness and versatility, and gave a little personal history
hour later.
was a
wiLot,.
of loss and
Dorset/ Wiltshire
cross
re-
Penny
us with twin ram lambs.
of the two horses being exhibited in the ring.
The only real pre- performance jitters came from the
humans, not the equines. All three horses were very inter-
ested, yet calm and well-behaved in spite of the strange sights
and hustle and bustle of the weekend. Three- year- old Mary
was ridden at a walk, trot, and canter, while two- year- old
Moses was worked with long lines at a walk and trot to
demonstrate his obedience and flexibility. The audience was
impressed with the horses' young age and the fact that they
had been in serious training for only a little over three
months.
Needless to say, we were very proud of their
wonderful behavior. This appearance is only one step in their
training, but it certainly has proven the Cream' s ability to
have long and useful careers in the Historic Area in the
future.
For C. W. Sour Cream ( better known as Jane), the
highlight of the weekend seemed to be flirting with an
impressive Percheron stallion and a handsome Andulusian
stallion. Being a mare of taste, not just any male will do, and
Jane took a real dislike to the miniature stallion stabled next
to her.
In spite of the occasionally rainy skies, the Virginia
The life
of
all
divided into
two acts,
for on
two acts
these
animals,
then,
may
be
procreation and feeding;
all their interests and life
Horse Festival attracted more than 12, 000 people to view the
Many of the
75 vendors and 28 breed demonstrations.
visitors were very curious and impressed with the American
Cream Draft Horse and interested in Colonial Williamsburg' s
rare
concentrate."
Aristotle
We feel the Creams were excellent
breed program.
goodwill ambassadors.
Monday morning found us headed to Duffield, Virginia
to the home of Donald Clark. Mr. Clark has agreed to stand
the
Cream
stallion
Silver.
We
were
very
pleased
with
�Silver'
He is fit,
condition.
s
and
healthy,
happy.
His
change
of location to the mountain air really seems to agree with him.
left in Donald Clark' s
in foal
capable hands to be bred by Silver, and when checked
We hope our future
the vet will return to Williamsburg.
The
and Jane
Mary
mares,
were
by
foals.
two more American Creams
aTi
i
1.
;('-
c ••
•.
t•
i'
t''
tered tered
A,
Pl b`.
You may have already noticed a flashy team of Tenneserect head carriage make quite an impression. Their regis-
y, y,:;
VY
: •
1,. Kr
Say hello to our new horses on the street. Six new horses
have arrived to make up three teams of carriage horses.
s
Walking Horses. These tall chestnut horses with their
ti ` : ',.. "-•'".
1 `, ';.,+•
NEW HORSES IN TOWN
f,1.
fib
are "
Moon'
s
Challenger,"
better
known
as
Junior. His partner is" Star' s Easter Delight," A.K.A. Sunny.
o
Joe Jones is pleased with their progress and reports they are
4
working well.
Our most recent arrivals come from Salem, New Jersey,
Oyh.
6
names
ENGLISH LEICESTERS TO
THE MARYLAND SHEEP AND
donated by John M. Seabrook. He purchased the four greys
from Poland at the age of five and brought them to the United
States in 1985. The Polish name for their breed is Wielkopolska,
WOOL FESTIVAL
Three English Leicesters from Colonial Williamsburg
caused quite a stir at the Maryland Sheep and Wool Festival.
The Sheep and Wool Festival features educational displays,
but you can also call them Polish Warmbloods. Mr. Seabrook
used them for pleasure driving and competition. Devit and
Pomort are already working on the street, with Kaskader and
Brytanik soon to join them. The coachmen report they are
wonderful
to drive.
vendors of equipment and crafts, as well as competition for
It is a respected show drawing
of sheep.
wool breeds
competitors from up and down the East Coast, and even
a
attracting
is
The festival
few from the West Coast.
ex-
tremely well attended by the public, drawing a huge crowd.
Our English Leicesters did not
but
compete,
participated
AUCTION AND HORSE RACES
HELD DURING PUBLIC TIMES
in the breed display. Like the Virginia Horse Festival, our
the
to educate
was
mission
Leic-
prepared
breed
Harcourt
Karin Ingram and Allison
ester.
about the English
public
display
as
and
history
the
posters explaining the
English Leicester, as well
of
characteristics
the
escorting
sheep to
the
useful-
A poster was also prepared highlighting the
It is important to
of the Leicester for crossbreeding.
festival.
mess
show the
English Leicester
breed of sheep, but
one
not
as
only
rare
interesting
an
viable
that is useful and economically
as well. Once again the paint shop made outstanding signs to
More
our sheep.
skilled and patient Colonial
identify
excellent photos
posters. Wool, finished
touch gave our display
course,
form of
help came in
Williamsburg photographer
provided just the right shots to liven
the
the stars were
goods from Textiles,
much
to
see
Wellington, the
a
very
whose
up our
and fleeces to
Of
and learn from.
ram,
and
the
two ewes,
day Sheila went to the American
Minor Breeds booth to do her part in promoting rare breeds.
Bridgett and Sheila.
Sheila
was
Each
the biggest hit of all, always stepping up to the
If you missed last year' s exciting match races, then be
sure and attend the races on Sunday, September 2 at 4: 30 p. m.
York Street Pasture near Bassett Hall will once more be the
location for these thrilling races with plenty of 18th- century
Honor and glory will be due the owner of the
wagering.
victorious horse, and perhaps even a fat purse. Will someone
Come and see.
be foolish enough to wager the plantation?
Perhaps you are in the mood to" purchase" a fine horse.
auction will be held in the pasture behind Mr. Prentis s
store. Consignments include a fine chair horse, and a hand-
some pair of matched grey coach horses just to name a few.
The bidding promises to be lively and the merits of these
horses hotly debated. This auction will take place Saturday
1. Only bills of exchange will be
accepted. The auction on Saturday and the races on Sunday
at 4: 00 p. m. September
will be the talk of the taverns for weeks.
Don' t miss these
exciting events.
front to be scratched around the ears. The next door neighbors made fast friends with Sheila and were extremely sorry
to see her leave.
Throughout the weekend we heard," Oh, these are Colonial
Williamsburg'
s
sheep from Australia."
Many
people
rk
had heard about Colonial Williamsburg' s efforts to import
these sheep and about their arrival and were very interested
to see
them.
Interest
was also
expressed
wool
in purchasing
r
or breeding animals at a later date. One highlight was the
approval
by
a
land. Praise is
former breeder of English Leicesters in
especially from the
always nice,
i
EngEven
experts.
y,,
,
•
,
i .`•
-
nicer was to meet people we talked to at the Festival who
came to Williamsburg to see the rest of the flock.
At the close of the weekend we were showing off not
only the Leicesters, but also the first prize for the Best Breed
display. The award was a nice surprise as we really had not
been aware of any competition. Much of the credit goes to
Karin and Tom Ingram( who took the time from studying for
his bar exam) for their late nights at home with their computer
arranging and printing the
attractive fashion.
The
land
appearance
Sheep
of
materials
the
the
posters in such
English Leicesters
and Wool Festival
talked to lots of people and,
best impression of all.
for
was a
as always,
rousing
at the
an
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Mary-
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
success.
We
the animals made the
Operation, Historic Trades Department
Allison Harcourt,
Editor
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 2, no. 7, August/September, 1990
Description
An account of the resource
New Arrivals and Sad Farewells -- Creams on the Go! -- English Leicesters to the Maryland Sheep and Wool Festival -- New Horses in Town -- Auction and Horse Races Held During Public Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Harcourt, Allison, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/59b81b9b31897108f292b2f18a16ef98.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=kaCi-16OXbxbSd1S-EtiaCzg6m6%7EJYmOCIcAXJoN56r%7EFEApL0hI2D38psDrNVeGfFhLrA37%7ElmyFrI%7EGGaujmXeFA8BRyJ3DFg1Ni4SoDFxnyKv3T495BaNgPYphGvM-DI%7E9Wrh9jxjiX9EWsALexL4xwvECA11CckycUaJj9eHvXNXBftWCRjL2PfuHDbm7D2dHzObfOXNbDDslZ%7Ed-tI4BRpZlgWKK49R--9FgDYv23LQqzoWXnvXOawq8l7cfU4MlWYCzIf%7EwSwlPflO3-AxwbUh6ybxneKQAFCw3DVhpDSTwslpRs8rFSV9yLgqyEiSZHQCa2ErV5ACgaxOfg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
c5cf4b09718e370f960fa4a9fe5120c3
PDF Text
Text
a.„.„..,„,."..-
w
The Colonial
e.-
ate
Williamsburg
Animal News
,
s.\
FEBRUARY/ MARCH 1990
VOLUME
WHY ENGLISH LEICESTERS
by
The
of
return
America is
a
a
Elaine
OVATIONS FOR THE OVINES
Shirley
by Allison Harcourt
large flock of English Leicesters
thrilling
to North
Saturday morning, February 3, dawned clear despite the
event! We have a unique and vibrant
weatherman' s predictions, and on the kitchen table the Virginia Gazette' s banner headline announced the arrival of
English Leicester sheep to Colonial Williamsburg at noon.
flock from half way around the world, but what do we say to
visitors who might ask" What' s the big deal about these sheep
they don' t look that special to me?”
Colonial
cation;
for authenticity and edutwentieth- century people eight-
Williamsburg
want
we
to
strives
show
eenth- century life. We work with buildings, fabrics, paintings, and even plants of the eighteenth century, but until a few
years ago our animals were sorely lacking in authenticity. We
had
animals
recognizable
to fill animal spaces, but no necessarily
to an eighteenth- century person.
The English
Leicesters
join
now
animals
the Devon cows, and our
many breeds of poultry as a breed that was known to exist in
Virginia and in England in the eighteenth century.
The English Leicester(
also
wool, the Bakewell Leicester,
most
talked
known
or
as
Dishley
about sheep in the English
the Leicester
Leicester)
world in
the
Long-
were
the
eighteenth
century. A wealthy English landowner named Robert Bakewell spent a number of years working with the old unimproved
Leicester,
techniques
praised
breeding
of
for
specific
breeding.
modern
in books and
and
characteristics
The
new
Leicester
using
was
the rams sold for huge prices,
was keenly interested in the breed.
articles,
and George Washington
He eventually remarked how Leicester rams had improved
his large flock at Mount Vernon. The Leicester went on in the
nineteenth century to improve almost every breed of English
sheep, introducing into the breeds their superior wool and
meat quality.
New breeds created from the Leicester crossed with other
breeds forced the original
why the Leicester is so rare
animal
out
of the market. That is
today; they did
their
job
too well!
In New Zealand' s flock of 62 million
sheep, over 70% of the
are the breeds created by the Leicester.
sheep
So what do
say to that visitor?
English Leicesters are a perfect example
Enlightenment,
we
of the Age of
and how it fit into agriculture. This English
breed helped improve flocks in Virginia, and was a driving
force in the English economy in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries. Leicesters were the
beginning of the western world' s
modern
2, NO. 6
which today allows about 2% of our
to produce all our food and fiber. The Leicesters
agriculture
All things come to those who wait, and wait we did.
By 11: 30 a.m. people began to trickle in to the Franklin
Street stables in anticipation of the celebrated sheep arrival.
Richard Nicoll, well versed in the trials of sheep importation,
was not going to bet the plantation on a noon sharp sheep
arrival. Noon slipped by, reporters and employees stopping
in to
view
the sheep—
no sheep. Just past 1 p. m. a camera
crew from channel 13 pulled in hoping to film the sheep.
During
their wait
at the barn
they
rL enjoy feeding and
scratching the ears of Mark Anthony, the carriage horse, and
teasing the barn cat, Lucy, who gave back as good as she
received. The reporter rather plaintively suggested we trim
the cat' s claws. We suggested he quit playing with the cat.
Well past their deadline they left without seeing hide nor
wool of any sheep. Ken Kipps, steadfast all day, finally left
to grab something to eat with the promise that we beep him
at the first sign of anything remotely resembling an ovine.
Daniel Fripp, one of our Colonial Livestock 4- Hers raided
Elaine Shirley' s locker, consumed herring in tomato sauce,
and further fortified with a trip to the Cheese Shop, called his
parents for permission to stay longer. Finally a much welcome call; Russ Dow was about two hours away. It took
almost 10 months, either in transit or quarantine. We could
waid a mere two hours more.
After all that waiting, Russ Dow' s pickup with a small
black trailer almost slipped in unnoticed. Are all our sheep in
that little trailer? A close look revealed noses pressed to the
windows of the camper shell on the pickup and when the gate
was raised a line of ssteamy, wooly faces peered out. The ram
and ewes were in the back of the truck. The lambs rode in the
trailer. Diana Freedman and Madge Hall caught the moment
on film. Daniel helped unload and sheep scrambled out into
the stalls much to the vocal delight of Meg and Jenny Nicoll.
By 6 p.m. the sheep were bedded down and Russ Dow gave
a knowing chuckle when told he missed all the publicity. We
sat down and had a short talk, then Russ beaded back for
Canada with probably a large sigh of relief.
population
influence was felt in most English breeds of sheep, and an
animal with that genetic potential needs to be
preserved for
for Italy with a boatload of cattle, and in his many years of
future generations. Who is to say what the Leicesters can do
for agriculture in the future? Besides, they are beautiful
der," and even goats to Cuba. We' re grateful for his patience
and expertise to deliver our flock to Williamsburg. The one
animals!
Russ Dow started his livestock importation career bound
business he has imported livestock from Europe," Down Un-
ram, eight ewes, five ram lambs, and two ewe lambs arrived
in good shape. The ram and ewes are out in this Historic Area
enjoying the warm Virginia winter; at least compared to Canada where they spent the last several months. The lambs will
also be out in a week or so, once they have received their
v
t,•
t
4
••
i;
.
inoculations.
1`
t
e
For all those who came in on their day off, or stayed long
4
•
a tragic beginning with the death of Willoughby in 1988, the
Y•—=''
sM;
after the finish of their work day the wait was worth it. From
r'`
future looks bright with the arrival of these much- traveled
sheep.
�ANIMAL UPDATE
Two of our sheep came from Mr. Eric Gray of Richmond,
Tasmania. His farm, called Marengo, has made quite an
and Bruce,
Bill
our
s
Grove for TLO. Bill and
barefoot and enjoying the life of
before the summer rush.
are
months
the grey Percheron
Rod(
Suffolk
Punch)
are
holding
teams, have re-
Percheron
and Prince at Carter'
placed Topsy
Bruce
of
one
cross)
luxury
for
a
few
were part of that first place pen. The Marengo ewes are all
and Bubba( the chestnut
partners to match their personality and work
The American Creams are all attending
style.
winter classes.
Mary Margaret and Jane are both in training for harness, and
are doing well pulling a drag around the pasture. Moses is
learning to walk and trot on the lunge line. This involves
walking and trotting in a large circle attached to a rope. He is
learning to increase and decrease speed in response to voice
is in horse
Moses
kindergarten.
Aaron
is in
preschool learning to be led, stand still, and general young
horse
manners.
doing fine. Alice is due
in late February, Hannah in late April, and Nora in late April
to early May. The three Dorset ewes should lamb about the
same time. Spring should be an exciting time for animal
The Devons
are
large, well built ladies with bright blue eartags.
Mr. Norman Badcock' s Connaughtville
down the fort in York Street
pasture till new partners can be found for them. Rod walked
too fast and Bubba walked too slow. We will be looking for
commands.
impact in Leicester breeding of recent years. His sheep were
the first prize winners for a pen of English Leicesters at the
World Sheep and Wool Congress. Our two Marengo ewes
still pregnant and
flock supplied
two ewes. Mr. Badcock is highly respected as a judge of
Leicester sheep. His brother, Mr. I. A. Badcock, sent a ewe
from his Glen Dhu flock. This ewe' s wool is of a slightly
different texture, and wears a bright yellow ear tag.
Colonial Williamsburg has not just imported rare sheep.
We have imported the best rare sheep. The leading breeders
in Tasmania have enthusiastically contributed some of their
best breeding. We are committed to preserving the breed, and
to breed the best examples. If you stop by to see the sheep( for
the month of February in front of the Powell House) say hello
to the girls from Melton Vale, Connaughtville, Glen Dhu, and
Marengo. Pretty soon their baaa, s will all have a southern
Virginia accent.
babies at C. W.
Willie and Top ( the oxen) are also enjoying TLO at
Carter' s Grove. Richard Linger is concentrating his efforts
with his young team, Glen and Albert, doing a variety of
chores around the Historic Area. Like Bill and Bruce, Willie
and Top will be back to work in the spring.
We have a resident red- tailed hawk who likes to vary his/
her diet from squirrels
to an occasional
The hens
chicken.
r
r
r
have become hawk- wise so our losses have been few. Keep
your
eyes
open—
the hawk is magnificant!
TO JAKE AND JOCK
FROM THE HEART
by Kay Williams
SPECIAL NOTE
Karen Smith has completed a year as editor of the Animal
News. Karen is
Creams.
can
Harcourt,
busy with
The
who
many projects
including
have been handed
reins
over
the Amerito Allison
is cart driver- interpreter of Coach and Live
stock Department.
It' s fun to drive those silly mules,
They jiggle and jump and act like fools.
If
it' s through a puddle they must walk,
They stiffen up behind and balk.
If on the road s a greasy spot,
It' s a deadly trap they' ss traverse not.
Step on a manhole they would not dare,
Which makes the driver fuss and swear.
Oh Fudge!"
OF SHEEP AND NAMES
Our English
several
were
carefully
base. Each of
sheep have been chosen from
in Tasmania. Their backgrounds
Leicester
different
flocks
chosen
our
to give the widest
ewes
were
possible genetic
bred to different rams. Our
she says as matter of fact,
Straining to hold her poise and tact.
For mule skinner' s words will make you squirm,
And startle the young, the old, and infirm
To the point they' d tremble and fall off the wagon
When faced by a mule skinning firebreathing dragon.
So as I laugh and grip the lines,
I cuss my Long- eared Valentines.
I was hit by an arrow, shot by cupid—
That I love these mules some think me stupid.
resulting lambs are not related to our ram, giving us a great
range of genetic combinations. We were fortunate to be able
to purchase sheep from four very fine flocks in Tasmania.
The largest group of sheep ( 3 ewes and the ram) came
from Mr. Ian Heaziewood'
s farm in Whitemore
Tasmania.
His farm- flock name is Melton Vale, and his family have
been raising English Leicesters since 1871. His sheep were
very competitive in the World Sheep and Wool Congress, a
premier sheep conference, show, and sale. Mrs. Asplundh in
Pennsylvania, received a Melton Vale ewe, and ewe lamb.
has been a generous and strong supporter of
You will recognize the Melton Vale sheep in our
project.
new flock by their metal ear tags. The Melton Vale sheep also
Mrs. Asplundh
our
seem to
be
the most
out going
of
the
group.
write to:
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? PIP
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation, Historic Trades Department
Allison Harcourt, Editor
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 2, no. 6, February/March, 1990
Description
An account of the resource
Why English Leicesters / by Elaine Shirley -- Ovations for the Ovines / by Allison Harcourt -- Animal Update -- Special Note -- Of Sheep and Names -- To Jake and Jock from the Heart / by Kay Williams
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Harcourt, Allison, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/bcf7b561f1863f52194606a58e49ed4d.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ZEC%7EEKTkCum4iJhdQNwYfyERpw6kcqGs4Kn9zH099BlP-yZibvn-aXe3aqWIvzrtw3YPAEgmT1z97HbXA1Lxk4OLMjrUWKOafHP%7Eng-FCELLqfnhsiVHsg88xgeWUmkKMjpmZcZex48sw8p2NQjox2yCgPwZMtUAGhWMSu-ot3n9tvpad2mNa8oqco4FTprAWUVpZJyxzuvl59%7EYCwTkoAe6HyQT3lzkVliDdhqIJvOaKMCS2nXmE4ueKhXjdsPUObGbGU47nnSGf%7E4o7d4VEok2REhqTDiHMvwt%7E0FBsrzcrXtlC5EWEQY4eG2%7ElFKam6h1m9tVxyRAbmtjOfokDA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
3c6a672a9c7b848a19851a6d40cfdaab
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
A
1 News
DECEMBER 1989/ JANUARY
1990
VOLUME 2, NO. 5
COW & SHEEP
year old filly) and Moses( yearling) were chosen for the task.
Mar Margaret won first place in grade mare class( no cream
class yet!).
Moses and Mary together received 4th place in get
of the same registered sire. Then came the presentation-- Moses
UPDATE
By
We got
ago.
confirmation
Nora,
They
with
Devon
conception,
were at
bull.
Since
we' re not sure
but it should
are
National
be March
to
was led right up to the grandstand where everyone could see
Shirley
on our cows
Alice, and Hannah
spring.
a
Elaine
him. At the same time the announcer read a prepared speech on
Colonial Farm for
we
few
a
pregnancies
weeks
don' t know
the
the
summer
date
exact
of
the calves are coming
when
exactly
For their first public appearance the Creams did an excellent
job. We spoke to alot of interested people and handed out
pamphlets on the breed. The State Fair has asked us back next
Y
and would like us to do even more presentations!
On October 16, Maymont Foundation
May.
early
American Cream Draft horses.
all due to have calves in the
had their Victorian
Day. It was free to the public and was an open air festival
The 3 youngest Dorset Horn/ Wiltshire Horn ewes are
going
up to south central Pennsylvania to be bread with a Wiltshire
Horn ram. The lambs would be 3/ 4 Wiltshire and
they will be a
our continuing rare breed effort here at Colonial Wil-
part of
The Wiltshire
liamsburg.
is
a
animal.
meat
Horn is a very old British breed which
wool which is shed every year.
They produce
of wool is a very ancient
Shedding
trait
that
has been bred out
involving many historical aspects of Maymont. This year they
included the Children' s Farm with different rare breeds. Moses
was invited up to help educate the guest on American Creams.
We passed out pamphlets and spoke to many interested guests.
Maymont is looking forward to the English Leicester sheep, too.
They would like some of them to come up for sheep to shaw
demonstrations in the spring.
of most modern sheep so the sheepman can shear on his own
schedule, not the sheeps!
The Leicester
Sheep
soap opera continues...
Leicester
Longwools bound
Australia
was
The Tasmania
for Colonial
Williamsburg have
been delayed. Their trip from Tasmania to the mainland of
uneventful.
However,
when
they
were about
EQUINE DENTISTRY
to
leave for North America, one of the ewes was determined to be
too close to lambing and so the
group stayed behind. We have
just heard that the sheep are now in Montreal, Canada in
If no problems
arise, they should arrive at Russ
quarantine.
Dow' s farm in Ontario
by December 12. They are expected to
arrive in C. W. in mid
January.
ByStan Rudacil
In order to understand Equine dental care more thoroughly,
one must be aware of what food stuffs the horse is best equipped
to handle. Generally our prepared sweet feeds are ground too
fine and the pelleted feeds too soft, to result in enough wear for
the teeth to be self-maintaining. On the other hand, to complicate the picture, there is a general tendency to overgraze
pastures causing horses to eat more silica than normal, thereby
causing
more wear. In short one shoudl schedule a dental
examination at least once a year even though no problems are
evident. This will help prevent any serious problems from
NEW NEWS
forming.
The mouth of the mature horse has 38 to 40 permanent teeth,
We have taken the under carriage of the Landau to Pennsylvania to re
received
restored,
the
with
appropriate
the rest
Coach
of the carriage.
Lace,
from
We
Germany,
Friday(
a
Topsy
Carter'
s
flea- bitten gray colored horse) has left
the
good home
Grove
previously
on
on
six
incisors,
two " corners",
two
for
three molars, the wolf teeth being milk teeth. All permanent
the
us
and
teeth continue to grow, even in the absence of wear, they are
pushed out of the alveoli ( tooth socket), by a slow growth of
bone beneath the socket. This is the main reason that floating
must be done on horses that have uneven wear. This growing
along with the biting action of the incisors are responsible for
the angulation that is observed as the horse ages.
of the Percheron teams, are at
TLO for a few months. Ruby and Diamond
one
TLO have returned
jaw -
intermediates, and two centrals. There are three premolars and
in the local area.
and Prince,
lower
finally
upholstery work on the vehicle. Hopefully we will see the
carriage back here this
coming summer fully restored and ready
for use.
found
there are on the
There are four general purposes for performing dentistry in
horses; to relieve pain, improve condition, prevent waste of
grain, and as an aid in training. The first three are usually
clinical entities that can be identified with proper examination,
back to work.
the later is much harder to identify and treat, due to many
variables that are hard to control. Many times the dental
technician is asked to treat problems that are due to improper
equipment or us of equipment, or is due to just plain poor
training and riding. All of the above can be treated more
RISING STARS
effectively if the horse owner gives a complete history of the
horse before treatment is begun.
The Draft Horse and Mule Show held on September 28 at the
Virginia State Fair was the Cream' s debut.
were invited to
They
do a presentation
to educate
learning
on
American Creams. This gave
the draft horsemen and
experience
for the young
general
public,
us a chance
as
well as a
Creams. Mary Margaret( 2
Good equine dentistry consist of three phases: 1) the examination, 2) treatment and 3) follow up examination.
THE EXAMINATION is as important as the treatment to
obtain goodaid
results. The horse owner should have a history
to
prepared
the technician.
This should include such infor-
�1
as;
mation
water,
when
head carriage, age, refusal to drink cold
eating habits,
and dates of worming, recent illnesses, and
the owner should be prepared
to demonstrate
frequency
possible
Q- Are Many Oxen Used in This Country Today?
A- A few are still being used in logging operations, but many
are trained as a hobby and used in pulling contests.
oddities related to feeding or riding. The examination should
of a
consist
ance,
general
palpatation
of the horses'
observation
of the external
overall
of the
cheeks,
surfaces
appear-
jaw, and
the space under the jaw where the lymph nodes lie. Next, the lips
and gums should be observed for sores or injuries, the color of
gums noted and the tongue examined to see that it is not the
of the symptoms.
Next the lower arcade insicors
and
the
cause
Q- What is the World Picture Concerning the Use of Oxen?
A - It is estimated that 4 out of every 10 head of cattle in the
world today are still being used as draft animals.
Q- How Expensive Were Oxen to Buy in Colonial Virginia?
A- Most were being advertised from 2 to 6 pounds per team.
canine teeth are inspected, and any abnormalities noted. The
for
repeated
is
same
inspected
by
impossible
the
feel and
to
inspect
visually
The
arcade.
upper
premolars
is possible.
as
visually
It
the molars without
is
are
almost
a speculum.
Q- What is the Life Span of an Ox?
A - They can live close to 20 years, but the working life will
depend on the regularity and severity of the work.
This is only necessary if there is suspected a fracture or infected
tooth,
as
floats
the
any uneveness in wear will be revealed by the feel of
It is not necessary for
as they travel over the molars.
a technician
floating,
left to a
to
use a speculum,
and removal
cleaning
of
as
any
treatment
other than
and wolf teeth should be
caps
TREATMENTS.
The
most
dental
common
problems
in
horses are those caused by anomalies in structure and number of
teeth, abnormal
bone formations of the jaw, retention
of caps
teeth),
and irregular
wear
due to food stuffs. Treat-
floating, removal of caps, medicaLion, extractions, and surgery.
Cleaning of the teeth is usually done when a mineral- like
ments consist
deposit
tal
of cleaning,
the
surrounds
space.
March
1767
Williamsburg
veterinarian.
deciduous
Q - Were there Large Oxen in the 18th Century?
A- The Virginia Gazette of May 1769 tells of an ox butchered
in New York that weighed 2615 pounds. The same paper of
base of the tooth,
This build up
the
causes
or
invades
gum tissue that
interden-
the
surrounds
the
informs
from
us about
Connecticut
a team
that
of oxen
were
brought
20 hands
to
high. ( a
hand is 4 inches)
Q- How Powerful is an Ox?
A - I have seen teams in pulling contests dragging 2 1/ 2 to 3
times
their
own
weight.
Q - How Are Oxen Controlled?
A- This is done by voice commands. The whip is used only to
keep their attention and to reinforce the commands if necessary.
tooth to become inflamed, and in advanced cases, a withdrawal
of
the
tissue
tooth have a longer appearance.
the
making
Q - When do You Start Training Oxen?
rasping of the teeth is done where there is
uneveness of wear that hinders mastication or causes pain to the
Floating
or
A - It is best to start with the calves when they are just a few
weeks
old.
adjunct tissue. Cleaning, floating, and removal of caps can be
done
with a good knowledge of equine dental
by your veterinarian. Medication, extractions, and
surgery usually go hand in hand and should be undertaken only
by
anatomy,
a technician
or
Q- Do You Ever Shoe Oxen?
A- Yes, if being worked heavily on hard or rocky ground.
by a veterinarian. A change in feed stuffs is primarily used when
a condition
warrants
FOLLOW
of a
a coarser
or softer textured
UP EXAMINATION.
to
condition
food.
In order for the treatment
be considered successful, all
symptoms
should
CHRISTMAS TIPS
be eliminated. This conclusion should be a judgement of the
technician and horse owner together. This requires a follow up
and in some instances,
examination
additional
treatment.
It is
Store antifreeze in tamper proof containers.
not uncommon for more than one condition to exist at the same
time, this
these.
becomes
Often
the
apparent
horse
only after the elimination of one of
will not call the technician when
owner
Keep holiday plants like Poinsettias and Mistletoe out of the
reach of young children and pets ( they' re poisonous).
symptoms continue because they fear the additional cost of
another visit.
owner
Also,
some symptoms are covert
and
the
horse
does not recognize them as they think they are part of the
Remember tinsel and lights are attractive but can cause
severe intestinal damage and electrocution.
horses' personality.
Table scraps on holidays can make a pet' s day, but in
Editors
Note: Stan Rudacil
is
of the Dean Forge
Interpretation program. He shoes our C. W. horses, and attends
to their dentistry.
master
Farrier
moderation.
Chocolate can be poisonous to dogs and cats, so keep those
holidays treats out of their reach.
From all of us to all of yours
12 FREQUENTLY ASKED
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
OXEN QUESTIONS
By Richard Linger
Q - What Is An Ox?
Any member of the bovine ( cattle) family, regardless of
A -
breed, that is trained to work is considered an ox. Mostly steers
castrated bulls) are used for this purpose.
Q- Were Oxen Used Much In Colonial Williamsburg?
A -
Up
until the
middle
of the 18th century',
the ox
was
doing
most of the heavy work. Horses were primarily used for transportation.
Q-
Did The Use
A - Virginia
still
being
of Oxen
agricultural
worked
Fall
Rapidly
in Tidewater
Operation,
After 1750?
statistics of 1850
Virginia.
show
35, 662
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
oxen
Historic Trades Department
Karen Smith, Editor
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 2, no. 5, December/January. 1989-90
Description
An account of the resource
Cow & Sheep Update / by Elaine Shirley -- New News -- Rising Stars -- Equine Dentistry / by Stan Rudacil -- 12 Frequently Asked Oxen Questions / by Richard Linger -- Christmas Tips
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Smith, Karen, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/e9ab5a6191ff578e0584c6090c71127a.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=MOPBsU3V3x0auZSxO5-SMgN3%7EyVLtCAsSdZK03t4fFjuUBM4iuQquMZBsZHNDtgHUm6cLFn7ZjLwV1vrRXDxtx63EXXHSrMHUmxZY534imVT92rLQmXECEuw6Awgj4ZgDS9o41p57Xs0fHQJlbmeG%7E%7EzzhXMDQ7C3KPWtU0yMFOXfngKTrM7a-GerGYLIZ3vr89W2qi%7E5wHR9g1yTMUN-W68de6kZ9mx9jYsP0yboj40p5P3ui8bpO3bYO%7EU8CM9u1GDrr4oXpw1zUnBDPLAfi0lyJtoo7ajUHXGtYTNSJ6bkVG8B26nk9V8sax3qLgfl%7EXjX2MFVWl-RrhY6rHGGw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
35442cb93dc81a480299fea61782b71c
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
Animal News
OCTOBER/ NOVEMBER
1989
VOLUME
SHEEP ARE ON
kJ
THEIR WAY
Our
new English Leicester
sheep have arrived in
Edmonton, Alberta. They will be in quarantine for
30 days
which
after
Ontario for
manville,
stop C. R.
will be moved
they
additional
an
Russ Dow,
told
our agent,
40w
J
us that
R
-
7
the
well.
We
w
1 ram and, at present, 6 lambs are all doing
them
to
arrive
11115
R'
last
then
ewes,
expect
'
Bow-
on to
30 days,
2, NO. 4
sometime
Icor
,I
I`
in
November.
DID YOU REALIZE?
tit
POSTING
4 _
is '
c• ',;
f__a
i
—
Historically, posting was developed by the " post
boys" or" postillions" who rode the near side horses
of the four-horse hitches used for carriages years ago.
C. L.
LIVESTOCK
UPDATE
stay
COCK HORSES WERE
REAL
their
where
MD.,
Colonial Farm,
National
at
from
they
home
Nora and Hannah have arrived
had the company of a handsome bull. Both are due to
calf
also
next
expecting
located
Grove for
s
a chance
We
calf
next
summer
and
in November.
and
a
are
for
hoofs
their
looking
having
are
for
to
good
a
a
All
on
three
rest
Banbury in Oxfordshire, England.
out.
He is
home for Friday.
know of
or
anyone,
please
Richard
contact
P. 1.
a
flea- bitten gray, 13 years, 16 hands. If you are interested
was a spare horse or pair, attached in front of the
leaders on a coach to help pull through rough spots.
They were generally ridden postillion- style if in a
pair. The rhyme refers to a steep hill outside of
at
return
well- deserved
grow
The nursery rhyme about " riding a cock- horse to
Banbury Cross" was based on real life. A cock- horse
are
T. L. O.
and will
about two months
They
milk) and is
no
too!
Patrick Henry pasture.
Diamond have been
at
Ruby
Carter'
Alice is dried up (
summer.
•
PONY POWER
Nicoll at ext. 2491.
Dean
The
on a
working
has
Jane
interpretive
Forge
until
discontinued
next
is
Everyone
shop interpretive manual.
from Aaron,
been separated
Cream Draft foal born
American
has been
program
spring.
this
busy
our
new
Don' t feel those little ponies are persecuted when
they tow a 250- pound man in a tiny cart. A Shetland
pony weighing between 400 to 500 pounds can pull
from one to one and one- half times its own weight.
C. L.
summer.
past
Aaron and his full brother Moses are having a good
time out at Carter' s Grove with the visitors.
Man- and
see
if
they
Jane
have
have both started
what
it
takes
basic training
to
to be a C. W. carriage
horse. So far, they are coming along nicely.
Tony
pulling
before
and
the
they
Star
yellow
are
out
will be pulling
on
working
training Vehicle.
It
the
won' t
the carriage.
street
be
long
BIRTH OF THE
CLODHOPPER
The
x.
xt43+ •, .
C.
clodhopper,
usually
applied
to a dull.
unintelligent person goes back to early England
when horses pulled heavy plows through the fields.
The
C. ,;
term
wealthy
landowner
rode
his horse
over the
plowed land, while the peasant had to leap or hop
over the clods of dirt turned up by the plows. The
peasants were clodhopping. Thus, the clodhopper.
�the horse and rider can' t vocalize their problems.
The rider must be alert to non- verbal cues. This
knack for watching and understanding
individual
1
in
handy
in all
walks
the whole
of life.•
'
Horses will also give you a dose of frustration and
fear. My mother can attest to the fear part, as I have
a
ry `
comes
'"
taken a few of my more spectacular falls in front of
t
her. Fear is not something most parents will want for
their children, but learning to conquer that fear of
failing, of appearing stupid, and once in a while fear
7,
of the horse, can be constructive.
I
LITTLE GIRLS AND
more wonderful.
HORSES
Horses teach patience. A lucky few of us are truly
gifted and things fall into place quickly and easily.
by Allison Harcourt
Little
total focus
horses;
and
of horse- itis. This benign
case
hearts and
the
much
so
time,
addiction
number
surprising
generates billions
of profes-
large variety
a
and products.
services,
spend
a
industry
each year through
of dollars
of
time
The horse
of Americans.
sionals,
child from coming
that
stop
touching her hearts delight. It
day I encounter a little girl with a
every
full- blown
occupys
any of mother' s calls.
to
not
stare,
maybe even
like
seems
glassy- eyed
that
horse, deaf
on the
Fire and flood will
close
but most of us savor the hard won victories.
and
Girls
Why
do
these
and
money,
energy,
Ask any horseperson
in horses and you will
on
general
from
the
Black
boys,
fall
word
grand
wanted
a
words
category
as far back
horse.
From
to
whine
long
my
Eventually
the moment
I began
together
the
I
as
to
suffering
as cow-
a
s
very
My brother
beasts.
and
out,
absorb
has
now
they
a
got
horse.
a
for
horse.
these
not
large
be left
to
over
his little
equipment,
the
or
caring if
drum
is
corps
she
she can
Occasionally I
will
who
have
mention
loves horses'.
walks
I try
just
touch
to
a
tell
humble. They
seem
be
to
that
of
In
of
Frequently
there
must
rider.
This
to
be
true
a
passion.
who knows about horses on the horse buying trip. It
is OK to get a second opinion. Make sure the horse is
safe and the child can ride the horse,
veterinarian
and ask a
to check the health of the horse with a
pre- purchase exam. In most cases the combination
of an inexperienced child, and an untrained horse is
that
really
some
keep you
are feeling
also
you
ridden.
After twenty years of hanging around horses. I
have lost some of the dewy- eyed innocence of that
little
girl. I have yet to encounter the horse that
would save me from falling over a cliff, or rear up and
smash the rattlesnake in the best Black Stallion imi-
mind— what makes
horses
tick. For those
truly ad-
all carry some of that little girl' s total passion and
fascination for horses. Occasionally, when I am with
a horse in C. W., and I see a little girl or boy with all
her parents,
she `
when
this
with
Money spent on
riding lessons is usually well spent, sort of like
drivers- ed for horses. When parents finally give in to
the pleas for a horse, it' s best to take along someone
those
horse.
place is far below
the symptoms,
I' ll think " oh no, not another
one."
In the end though, I' ll always have to stop or talk
because, I can see a bit of myself in their faces.
10130 : 0:
01:( 4
#)
1:
10:EI0E##
40# 40:040:01:0:
0X *
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
equines.
order
works
things.
from
dicted to horses, whether we are male or female, we
just a bit too sefl- important, and are al! too ready to
let you know just where you really fit in the overall
scheme
spend doing barn chores for a boarding stable or a
private owner. Working time is not standing around
brushing horses or feeding carrots; it' s the down and
dirty of mucking out, repacking the clay in the stalls.
or unloading several tons of hay. This type of work
fife and
horses teach
Horses
know
more time is
giving, and some entirely deceitful, but loveable. I
try not to give horses human motivation and reasoning. I have gained a fascination for the equine
of self-confidence, discipline,
to
time,
tation. Some of my horses have been honest and
begin-
near that
talk
them that
riding
I
while
initial
entire
resigned way
in
to
and preparation.
organization,
the
or
the chance
lessons
very valuable
through
for
to
ning, horse addiction is usually pleasantly lifelong.
The little girl is back, she' s following the horses,
not
exchange
model is better than the pretty two-year-old that
looks just like Black Beauty, but has never been
lord
Whatever
horseless.
currently
In
ment.
and
horses and has managed
of my horse related
most
ride and learn is through a working student arrange-
coax,
enjoy
to
a chance
two
privilege . One way to
not a wise one. The well trained older, not so flashy
finally
really
the
I
horses simply
rode
wisely saw
He
sister.
am
discover
and
they will work for
two
remember
can
Some horse people fall into horses through friends
family,
horse
I could string
parents
wheel
squeaky
That'
wheedle,
nag,
lure
Velvet. I guess I
of destiny.
for
under
television
themselves
and National
Beauty
the
under
and
movies,
They imagine
horses.
to
others
a
Books,
street.
fall
replys
their
Some people develop a case
living role model, the horse
catagories.
of hero worship
down
find
interested
became
why they
I tell the
parents if their son or daughter really wants that
soon separates those with a casual interest in horse
people
effort
horses?
some
There will be days
in your riding and training when things seem to go
backwards instead of forwards, but learning to work
through the block makes the step forward all the
successfully
a
ride
or
work with horses
between
the
horse and
partnership
like any good partnership,
partnership,
from a basis of respect. But, unlike people,
fnimar Ne-tes is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation, Historic Trades Department
Karen Smith, Editor
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 2, no. 4, October/November, 1989
Description
An account of the resource
Sheep are on Their Way -- Livestock Update -- Did You Realize? -- Posting -- Cock Horses -- Were Real --Pony Power -- Birth of the Clodhopper -- Little Girls and Horses / by Allison Harcourt
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Smith, Karen, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/b0020a4b5c9b11f1c2651d799a19c274.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=IDKY1iLVH5%7EbnmOBXJPMTQ8fLgZUXsbrJAE2oOe2-DzHebjkWBzrwozEOOh91TB5oUkW%7ElFlN-tH%7ELuLdXPNMgohdDVw%7E-whQe0t6aeuwi78vhNYdIJriITRTqr%7Eh3y6fZ1KxqNs%7EJPOCopOHrmHv7PZzUL-fhM82ckaUVEYCMY29EHX%7ExLNix73ey19Cq7pwqB%7EmftVguLRZ15pmVB1XYqrtd4vxBjqE0N2YV4BcoCQ96GBe3aMmFTJwrlUn9s%7EhVVVz1-JpsrhblnVhQk1-vYOakbGhC6N96C60RnLQ2upu%7EACapvu5-OMJnbFOcm41QvaiX1-srGyQQNwm35Xfg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
bc318416c1da78db22130e19385da590
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
A
News
AUGUST/ SEPTEMBER
VOLUME 2, NO. 3
1989
Gentlemen and others, that shall resort thereto, the
r
4 '
following P R I Z ES are given to be contended
for, at the Fair, viz.
A Pair of Silver Buckles,
y1,
li
Value 20s. to be run for
by Men, from the College to the Capitol A Pair of
Shoes to be given to him that comes in Second. And
a Pair of Gloves to the Third.
0
a
A Pair of Pumps to be danc' d for by Men.
r
te:- -
a
,
«
i
A handsome
','
Firelock
to be exercis' d for;
and
given to the Person that performs the Manual Exer-
Ail
cise best.
1,
i
A Pig, with his Tail soap' d, to be run after; and to
be given to the Person that catches him, and lifts
him off the Ground fairly by the Tail.
There will be several other Prizes given: And as
FAIR DAYS ARE HERE
the Fair is to hold Three Days, there will be Horse-
On September 2 and 3
but in
eighteenth
the
The first fair
year.
fairs
The fair
ing
with little
met
12 of every
or the
Before
appropriated
for
only
and
but
favored
a
the
A Saddle of 40 s. Value, to be run for, once round
Horse,
7, 1739
December
IT is
role
in
fair
the
as
well
the
as
not
game
of
that tells about the
Agreed
therefore
That
and Ordered,
upon,
fair:
upcoming
adjacent
to this City, by any
or
in Third.
Horse
entertainment.
Mare
Gelding, carrying Horseman' s
Weight, and allowing Weight for Inches. A handsome Bridle to be given to the Horse that comes in
Second. And a good Whip to the Horse that comes
most
the
that
advertisement
sport,
for
in the best Manner.
the Mile Course,
offered for
soapy tail. Here is part of the
appeared in the Virginia Gazette
pig with
the
also
mentioned, (
of Play.
merchan-
brought
who
important
an
marketing
was
racing
catch
played
particularly
A good Hat to be Cudgell' d for: and to be given to
that,
stock.
Livestock
here
not
want of Room) will be then publickly declared, and
and vend-
the sale
sometimes
person
Prizes
the Person that fairly wins it, by the common Rules
wares,
produce,
bounties were
best stock
the
success.
of all livestock,
or
racing, and a Variety of Diversions every Day; and
two
Virginia Gazette
the
place for
was a market
dise. Prizes
the
in
publicized
held
was
fair of 1739, 12th of December.
was the
earlier
fair
the
century
Colonial Fair,
the
April 23 and December
a year on
times
hold
we
Although Coach and Livestock will not have a pig
that you can catch by a soapy tail, we do hope that
you will visit the animals and watch some of the
demonstrations, and don' t forget to see the horse
races at York Street pasture!!!
the following Sums of Money shall be given as
Bounties, at the next F A I R, to be held at Williamsburg, on the 12th Instant, viz.
TO
the
Person
that
brings
Horses
most
said
to the
Here is a list of some programs we are offering this
F A I R, and there offers them to Publick Sale, at a
Price,
reasonable
he
whether
n_•, (
TO
them,
sells
Person
the
Horse for Sale,
shall be
there
or not,)
brings
that
aforesaid,
as
a
him,
paid
a
the
Boun-
summer from the Coach and Livestock department.
Draught
We ask that you please check the Visitor' s Companion
for the correct place and time as they do change.
Most of these programs are weather permitting.
as a
Pistole.
best
Horse- whip shall
good
be given.
TO
other
as
Person
the
horned
aforesaid,
TO
there
a
offers
brings
that
for
them
offers
Cows,
most
there
Steers,
Sale,
the
Hog,
offers
for
aforesaid,
as
and
Sheep,
to
them
for Sale,
as aforesaid,
that
all Persons
Wares,
or
aforesaid,
that
shall
bring
and
Merchandizes,
in
the
Place
where
and
Interpretation
for each
them
Traveled
of Goods.
Interpretation
and
of the Craft of the Farrier.
Sale,
Interpretation
of Horses and Stables.
to
F A I R is
as
usually
Interpretation of Carts and Carting.
held.
Interpretation of How Oxen Were Used.
N. B.
given
of How Women
Interpretation of Cattle and Their Uses.
shall be given
any Sorts
offers
the
Ox Cart Rides are free to children 8 years and
younger.
Used Horses in the eighteenth century.
Encouragement
suitable
Tour is a half hour tour that in-
terprets the nature of travel and transportation.
each
Eight Pence shall be given.
AND
itor chance to view the town by carriage.
Stage Wagon
most
Sheep, Six Pence shall be given.
TO the Person that brings most fat Hogs.
there
Carriage and Wagon Rides to provide the Vis-
or
for Sale,
them
Pistole shall be given.
Person
the
brings
that
Cattle, and
None of
for
the
the
Stocks
Bounties
are
of Cattle, &
intended
to
be
r. that belong to
Williamsburg.
Pens
Hogs, &&.
will
be
prepar' d
for
keeping
up
Sheep,
in the Fair.
AND for
the
Euterraiamen:
4- H Livestock Program where young people
interpret to their peers in the Historic Area.
and Diversion of all
If you have any other ideas of livestock related
subjects that the visitors may find interesting, please
let
us
know and
we
will
see what we can
do.
�HOT WEATHER
SCHEDULE
It is
not
breeze
can
the
least
Horses
are
some
take
instance,
the
with
adjusting
goes
good
a
quite pleas-
which
do far better
have black
can sometimes
make
tend
body
have
temperature
afternoon
first year but get better
skip two
degrees +
is high
the
a
are
If both
then
humidity)
At what age do we retire a horse? We do not
dition.
What happens to a horse after we retire it? Most
are adopted by people who can provide a good home.
4.
Do we breed our own horses at Colonial Wil-
in
or weather
a
be surprised
they
day.
given
turns
to the
a
to see the
What breed of horse do we look for? We don' t
look for a particular breed of horse. We look for a
horse that has the mental and physical abilities to
in
deal with our special needs, pulling carriages on a
i.
e.
out
hard surface road and keeping calm under stressful
be
can
a
and
than
little
the
un-
is up
comes
up
expected, don'
head for
conditions.
coach-
team
particular
carriages
5.
95
a thunderstorm
little hotter
a
the future.
breaks and
humidity(
manager
feel
If
facility to breed and train young horses. Maybe in
and
humidity
will only go
carriages
and
break in
one
two
they get
heat and
early morning hours or not at all.
As we know, Virginia weather
doing
2.
have a particular age at which to retire a horse. We
look more at the animal' s mental and physical con-
as time
moderate
horses will get
extreme
predictable. It is up
men to decide what
is
humidity
ride.
skip
high,
In
rides.
100
if
rule,
and
temperature
to
The number of horses that we have will
liamsburg? Not at this time. We just don' t have the
general
a
mules.
3.
hard
a
by.
As
liamsburg? Right now we have 23 horses and two
difference.
a
to
than
Also
coats.
cooler climates
their
How many horses do we have at Colonial Wil-
change as we aquire new horses and retire old ones.
their white coats,
New horses from
time
humidity
day seem
90 degree
and
1.
pull
to
temperature
exact
Low
like people in the same respect that
heat better than others. The mules for
and build
weight
an
tolerable.
Percherons,
the
set
street.
make a
or at
ant,
to
easy
off
carriages
10 MOST ASKED
HORSE QUESTIONS
6.
keep them on a five day work week with two days
off.
7.
t
the stable
early.
How many days do the horses work? We try to
How often do their shoes need to be replaced?
The farrier resets a set of shoes as often as every two
weeks and makes new shoes approximately every 4
weeks if the horse is being used on a regular basis.
8. Why don' t we use rubber shoes? There are a lot
of reasons we choose not to use rubber shoes. In the
Q.
3: ''' 4
'
past we have tried to use rubber shoes and found
they cracked up the horses hooves. In the warm
17;;
months the combination of rubber and tar sticks
together and will rip the shoe off the hoof. This also
causes stress on the horse' s legs which could lead to
CONTEST!!
other problems.
9.
We
are
for
looking
stock Department.
a
logo for
Here is
one
the
Coach
and Live-
below:
entry
What
do you feed our horses? We feed Timo-
thv and Alfalfa hay, and a balanced sweet feed. They
are also turned out in area pastures to graze. Every
horse has free access to water and salt blocks in their
stalls and in the pastures.
10.
Oa e
h
VCStc c
k
916
Do
the
horses
get
rabies
shots?
Yes.
Our
horses and oxen are vaccinated as part of our regular
program of veterinary care which includes inoculations and wormings.
Vosteen
Anthonyy
The
winner
will
of milk all from
receive
our
2 dozen
Hay
eggs
C. W. livestock. The
W3O00E4EWWW*
Shop)
and
40X3: 0: 0000E : 0k0:;
0:
E3o.; E+
W#
Please help us during this busy season in reminding guests
a
quart
winner
will
not tofeed our animals. This is for their ow nsafetti. aswel/
asfor the health and safety of the animals.
appear in the Animal. Vezc' s. Here are the rules:
1.
You must be a C. W. F. employee
2.
It
3.
Any shape or size
4.
Enter
must
be
a
fairly
simple
as many times
as
Any kind of paper will do.
department,
Send all
or
bring
and
entries to
it by
extension
E) OE
design
put your
number
on
the
name,
back.
Mr. Nicoll, Coach and Livestock,
the stable.
Contest
ends
DOE#
DOE##
30E30E#:###.
QUESTIONNS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
you want
Simply
0O0:E3000E30E) OEEOEW#
August 18.
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation, Historic Trades Department
Karen Smith, Editor
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal New, volume 2, no. 3, August/September, 1989
Description
An account of the resource
Fair Days are Here -- Summer Programs -- Hot Weather Schedule -- Contest!! : Coach and Livestock Logo / by Paul Vosteen -- 10 Most Asked Horse Questions
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Smith, Karen, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/fac33b79f00bec66be5978aaf27c0b0c.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=NlHqV9fk2d5NMPM3YX-6NNZbD5i7efNX5UOQOv0lQcfLApXI6Q3DJ3r7nbFwllJQJwGNw1MpJznF7VTmqIn5bgQjp8LJFnDjMHJcAALl7ykzUtEqtXTODA1Np9W7q0rHCJnJAh1FUyj7xWz6WNJ4OewN4vz4xWO7ZRWj8JQjW6xzVYnTdpyl8EbwvJ7wdVoHs9Isd9Hyu8ELo2mpDhJJDvtxwPzMxOoDahLnpgXX-t4IloWDF2REZIqXKbGUD8HiOrYcVJYectfxtDDnnRls2IfPLwt4s94aWyLMG9NBfDmZu-R-6v52glzPruJgrshPlfqik78dn%7EUx9b%7EeZBYngA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
aab4499aca0b27738cd9cc9e59ec600d
PDF Text
Text
The Colo•
nial
Williamsburg
A
JUNE/ JULY
News
1989
VOLUME
2, NO. 2
NEW ARRIVAL
j11,1
gA
1
1
Ai
i
,
Under the careful eye of our Security Department, Jane foaled Aaron in-between time shifts. On
April 13, at 6: 30 P. M., all was quiet with no signs of
the new arrival. But, by 8: 30 P. M. Aaron was on the
straw with mom beside him. We hope in 3 to 4 years
he will be pullinga carriage with his full brother,
g
Moses.
It is confirmed
HEADS UP FOR
FALL RACING
Hell- o
at Colonial Williamsburg sometime in August or September. The ewes were bred and will lamb this fall.
fans! This is
race
loyal followers of a
a notice
horsey
event
inform
to
you will
all of
not want
to miss.
On September 3rd,
as
finale
grand
the
Public
to
Times, there will be horse races held( no, not on the
Palace Green,
we
Street pasture,
across
The
heard
will be
races
Ohio and
that
from
but
chuckle)
Patrick
the
by
run
horses.
their
has
selected 7 ewes and 1 ram. They should be arriving
by Madge Hall
our
that Russ Dow, our agent,
three
Ken
Hall
York
at
Inn.
Henry
from
re- enactors
friends will
and
Bubba, a 10 year old Suffolk Punch draft horse,
was donated to Colonial Williamsburg by Mr. Kevin
Lacks of Cullen, Virginia. Bubba will be paired with
Rod to pull a carriage under the training ofJoe Jones.
Colonial Williamsburg just purchased a new team
of Suffolk Punch horses locally from Bruce Hall of
Norge. Their names are Star( age 14) and Tony( age
12). Both will start training soon.
arrive on Friday and participate in the weekend' s
festivities by riding through town, exhibiting their
encampment,
Please
as
well
greet
riding in
as
the races.
gentlemen from
these
frontier of
the
the Colony of Virginia when you see them at Public
Times. Then
wager
come out to cheer them on
and
make a
or two.
COWS & BIRDS & BEES
by Elaine Shirley
Anyone who works or lives within earshop ofAlice
the cow doesn' t need to be told that we recently
weaned Henry, the calf? We did a little re-shuffling
of cattle, putting Nora and Alice near the Wyche
House for our milking program. Alice complained
HELLO ALBERT
AND GLEN
about the separation for a week or so, but now she is
b
resigned to being a milk- cow. Karen Ingram, Elaine
Richard Linger
Shirley, and Allison Harcourt will be milking Alice
We
welcome
two newest
our
additions
and Livestock. Glen and Albert
oxen we
May
1,
village.
have.
now
and
are
They
already
both physically
years
to
They
but
piece,
should each
they
on their
maturing
a
on
the
being just
commands,
some
in
appearances
and emotionally.
around 1600 pounds
more
from Connecticut
making
require
Coach
Durham
are the new
came
Although trained
3- years old it will
to
part
to
they
When
that you
going
are
a
little
their age and
environment.
this.
But,
time
weigh
three
nah, on the other hand, was not happy to have to
2400
babysit Henry and has made her protests loud and
weigh
2300
to
respect
the
and
strageness
exposure
them
period
allow
and
apprehensive
the
and
encountering
through,
They' re
And how is Henry taking this change of lifestyle?
He seemed to take it all in stride, a few cries for
Alice, and then he took comfort in his alfalfa. Han-
now
of
them
in
of
will
the
Henry' s next lifestyle change will be to move to a
this
new
small farm near the Jamestown ferry where he will be
overcome
village
adjustment
a
ner-
smooth
I ask
they
are
and easy
transition.
As for
sauces, sylla-
bubs, and ice cream.
clear.
Naturally,
due
cream to make butter, soft cheese,
after about
pounds.
vous
for the public twice daily through the summer. Alice
will provide the 18th- century kitchens with milk and
Top
and Willie,
they have
not
retired.
still very much a part of our program and will
be sharing duties with Glen and Albert.
after a few years ofgrowing) the herd bull. If all goes
well
and
Henry
keeps
his
good disposition,
should live to a ripe old age as a bull.
he
Nora and Hannah will spend June and part of July
at the National Colonial Farm in Accokeek, Maryland. There is a very handsome Devon bull residing
there and we hope to have two pregnant cows by the
end of the
summer.
�The two coachmen sit upon the box; and of the
WHAT IS A SUFFOLK
PUNCH HORSE?
The Suffolk Punch is
six mules,
guide them; the four leaders being perfectly at liberty, and
only draft horse breed
the
developed exclusively for farm work. Originating in
it has remained
the counties of Suffolk and Norwich,
relatively unchanged for over 200 years. Horses of
Suffolk
as
are even older,
type
15th century.
Suffolks are easy
being described
as
early
the
uniform
one of seven shades of chestnut beand liver, and lack of white markings.
1800 pounds they
Built for power
At 15. 2- 17 hands high and 1600are
of
smallest
draft horses.
the
rounded
their
style,
than
more
their
color,
tween lemon
the
of
because
recognize
to
appearance
gave
characpunch". Suffolks
their friendly, willing dispositions, endurterized by
ance, and " heart".
They are quick workers and relatively cheap to keep because of an excellent food
the
them
are
nickname "
Suffolks
ratio.
conversion
and have especially
also
good
do well in hot
feet which do
climates
not
always
other
the
draft horses,
number
the
of
Suffolks dropped drastically after World War II and
the breed was barely kept alive by a small group of
breeders. Since
in the
gence
of farm
use
fewer
ly
150
the
in
the
and
horses
the
a resur-
Suffolk is
is
The Suffolk Punch
heavy
animals
the
for
most
horse breeds in Britain with
left. There
in North America,
400 Suffolks
tions
has been
there
more
RARE.
than
s
popular on small farms
cultivating, and other tasks.
becomming
logging, plowing,
endangered of
1970'
the
now
Status:
are approximate-
with 30
registra-
U. S. in 1985.
supplied
Information
Breeds
governed
only
by
the
voice.—
Thus har-
nessed, they go upon the gallop the whole way; and
when they come to any short turning, whether to the
right or to the left, they instantly obey the word, and
move altogether; bending to it like a spring. As all
must undergo tuition, and require frequently some
correction, should any one refuse the collar, or not
keep up exactly with the rest, whether it be ( for
example) Coronela or Capitana; the name prounced
with a degree of vehemence, rapidly in the three first
syllables, and slowly in the last, being sufficient to
awaken attention, and to secure obedience, the ears
raised,
and the mule instantly exerts her
strength. But, should there be any failure in obediare
ence, one of the men springs furious from the box,
quickly overtakes the offending mule, and thrashes
her without mercy; then, in the twinkling of an eye,
leaps upon the box again, and calmly finishes the tale
he had been telling his companion.
In this journey I thought I had learnt the names
require shoes.
As with
none but the two nearest have reins to
by
Conservancy—
The American
Minor
of all the mules; yet one, which frequently occured,
created some confusion,
because I could not find to
which individual it belonged; nor could I distinctly
make out the name itself. It sounded like Cagliastra;
and led me to imagine that the animal was so named
after the famous imposter Cagliastro, only suiting
the termination to the sex, because the mules in
harness are usually females.
In a subsequent journey the whole difficulty vanished, and my high estimation of the mule, in point
of sagacity, was confirmed. The word in question,
when distinctly spoken, was awuella otra; that is, you
other also; and then supposing Coronella and Capi-
tana to be pairs, if the coachman had been calling to
Breeds Notebook)
the former by name, awuella otra became applicable
to the latter, and was equally efficacious as the
smartest stroke of a long whip; but if he had been
ochiding
Capitana,
in that case aqualla otra acted as a
stimulus to Coronela, and produced in her the most
t
prompt obedience."
t.,,..,
Vol. 2p. 131.
DOCILITY AND SAGACITY
I send this hoping you will insert it, as the mule
appears to me to have more sagacity than the horse.
arm
IN MULES
contributed by Richard Powell)
To
the
Editors of
the
Sporting
Magazine
40O010O0O0RE 0RE4eO0O0O0O0QE
0CE* EEEEEE* E**
OE
Gentlemen,
Perhaps you may think the following extract from
not entirely
s Journey through Spain,
Townshend'
unworthy of a place in your
excellent
Miscellany.
Anon.
In this little journey, I was exceedingly diverted
the docility of the miles, and the
agility of their drivers. I had travelled all the way
and surprised with
from Barcelona
to
Madrid in
and both
seven
mules;
quent
occasions,
extent
but till
it
might
that
Coche de Colleras, with
and
time,
had been struck with
of understanding in
driver;
at
a
this
the
mule,
expedition
be carried.
and of
I had
the
on
subse-
quickness
in the
motion
no
idea
to what
Please help us during this busy season in reminding guests
not tofeed our animals. This isfortheir own safety, as well
asfor the health and safety ofthe animals.
W3:(#):
E
0:( 0: :0: 00E : 0: E E 00E:
4
01:
00E##
E###
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MI W. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation, Historic Trades Department
Karen Smith, Editor
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 2, no. 2, June/July, 1989
Description
An account of the resource
Heads Up for Fall Racing / by Madge Hall -- Hello Albert and Glen / by Richard Linger -- New Arrival
Cows & Birds & Bees -- What is a Suffolk Punch Horse? -- Docility and Sagacity in Mules
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Smith, Karen, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/12623c8a7b1b6201c9f0c68549994d8f.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=tQ4Z2h7GLVlgLhHsAyb84BhU1VjOZ7g0p1akyCv4cX0dQ16r5djwdFZA5ePU-3pQFjaMGy4Ba1BpikJ6o7-NHk3ur1ECS8fzbx9iUNlriykVwXoJqZokSICfNhJ8U5BZ269s1LSACu39gc3yzj6BOgqz3sFA1B8wkZ8GETzDDX0mcAn6prOcpPYayQKImsn8IKChLjTiGgtJ4AehXYCg5%7EagaEiv1NdbO94MvkJZCeXNC4iBLL7VKBJj8v3Zc7x7egFBUm6-y4m-HskGXTQtG%7EAETaZF8dNPXKcXWz8Ce%7EyDlnStyNtZBCqm8SXzzlGea341xEbv9HcR6q-RkMrfCA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
2723e1a04c7017c64022d234164cf0ca
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
News
1ST ANNIVERSARY ISSUE
APRIL/ MAY 1989
Special Note
VOLUME
2, NO. 1
RETIREMENTS AND
SALES
Kay Williams, ourfounding editor, has decided to retire
andturn the rrins over to Karen Smith. Kay has many newby Richard Nicoll
projects which she has had to put on hold due to the time
involved in getting the Animal News out. Kay' s devoted
and
attention
well done! (
job
has
style
Animal News
the Animal News one
made
of the
Kay and
and spent her time here as a wagon and carriage
invoked in getting the
each month, it has been decided that it
her age and it was becoming more difficult for her to
popular interoffice
most
This month we said goodbye to the chestnut
mare, Susie. Susie came to C. W. with partner Rusty
Due
out
to
Thank you
newsletters.
the
time
will be published bi- monthly).
horse. For the last few years she had been showing
keep up the work required. In March the decision
was made to retire her from her duties at C. W. She
will be spending her retirement years in the Charlottesville area being used occasionally to ride and
NEW SHEEP UPDATE
drive.
Russ Dow,
The
ram.
has selected
our agent,
bred
being
are
ewes
cided how many of
will depend on the
12
the
where
will
they
just
quarantine
in
It is
unde-
This
The sheep will
time
be-
Australia,
arrive
and 1
receive.
some
5 through 25 for Canada. We
May
tween
will
we
of shipping.
cost
ewes
right now.
ewes
from Tasmania,
depart
12
Canada
are not sure
to
their
start
yet.
We have also sold the horses Jim and Jake. The
two black geldings had been working together as a
pair to the wagon through much of last year. They
had adapted
to most things in the village but were
still having problems accepting certain types of
motorized vehicles, mainly trucks. They had been
given several scares through the year which did not
help their progress. During their ongoing training
this winter, Coach and Livestock staff had focused
on this problem. On one occasion they became nerv-
RUN FOR THE ROSES
ous due to a sound. One thing led to another and the
Saturday, May 6
By Madge
Crushed
animals were no longer contained.
Hall
Fortunately the only consequences were bumps and
bruises, broken and bent carriage parts, and two
ice?
Check.
Fresh
shaken horses and staff members.
My decision was to pull these horses from our
mint?
Check.
program. They had been given every opportunity to
Kentucky
bourbon?
113th
Wait
all
set
this
is
Earl
of
be
long.
a short
decided
history
So,
julep,
you
by
before
study
make
the
your
the
race
was one
quick
providing
you
remember
goes
some
begins,
wager (
113th
Derby. Incidently,
first derby,
Thank
course
jockeys,
tucky
to the
Sir
three
standards,
a
problem. What
of
toss
horses,
the
the
Charles
best
the
18th- century
there
question, and the
changed forever.
relax
Sir
and fillies in England.
that
was
for
and
Stanley,
friend,
a contest
be called? A
Virginia) and enjoy
the
his
colts
race
However,
was the race to
intervened
not
Edward Smith
and
Derby
year old Thoroughbred
was to
Yes, you read
what?
If fate had
the roses,
all be running
instead of derbies.
had organized
Bunbury,
for
run
would
we
spring of 1780,
the
mile
another
not a typo.
bunburies
wearing
It
for
Kentucky Bunbury.
the Kentucky
it did in 1780
when
In
we are
a minute,
correctly,
12th
work within our organizational structure. This last
Check.
Double
Looks like
the
The end result,
the carriage met a tree, which brought all to a halt.
it'
on
your mint
legal
s
running of
s
This is when we need the most
help and understanding from those around us. Be
aware that these animals can be badly frightened by
something happening due to the carelessness or unthinking behavior of others, such as trucks not slow-
ing down when going past a team. It may appear to
those on the ground that not much is happening
during this process, but for us time and patience is
the main teacher of horses. Quiet repetition will
bring familiarity and acceptance to the job required.
If you ever have the misfortune to witness a run-
in
away, be sure that you get well out of the way and
warn others to get out of the way as well. If you arrive
on the scene of an accident, ask the driver if you can
do anything to help. Do not just rush in; he or she
now
the
Ken-
horse
Magazine
background information.
the most critical.
before
trainers
Bunbury'
Smithsonian
soon
of horse racing
sip
and
a coin
incident made it clear they were no longer worth the
time and safety risk to continue in their role as Colonial Williamsburg carriage horses.
When you see staff members on the street with a
pair of horses to the vehicle it is for a specific reason,
be they new or old horses. The first stage of introduction in the training vehicle to the historic area is
won
for
will let you know if and where you can be of help.
Try
to
inform Security and
the
Coach and Livestock
�A runaway
department.
frightening
very
department
horses
first hooked
were
all
It has been one year since my terrible accident
at the
some-
has been
and
happen
can
that
thing
WATCH THOSE DOGS!
a
know, it is
however
see,
to
thing
Coach and Livestock
be
can
accident
or carriage
as
a
and I would
reality
like to thank everyone
for not mention-
ing my handicap. Please remember to keep those
since
dogs on their leashes!"
to vehicles.
MAY 19 1765— went with another set of Com-
pany from portsmouth to see a ship launshed on
Branche.
western
the
going along I
as we were
NEW- WAVE RABBIT
in asingle Chaire, my horse took fright at someroad into a field
thing and galloped of the
By Richard Powell
where
was
there
a
fast
my
one
of
Shortly after one of the snows of late February had
horse going
as
come, and as quickly gone, it came to our attention
of
stumps
Chair.
the
his heels Could carry him, I
as
foremost
head
of
quantity
which overturned
another
on
trees
was
which
stump,
that a rabbit was meditating among the brush at the
pitched
center of a little island,
Cut
and put
a chair
blooded
twice
and held
me
Doctor Purssels
by
my lodgings.
at
Evening,
that
fevor took
the
down
me
I
help
universe.
was
was soon
but
days,
At first we wondered
if he might have
swum to that reflective retreat, but soon decided it
more likely that the rabbit had crossed a bridge of
snow in search of food and shelter, then lingered
notwithstanding
me three
in the midst of the small
Everard pond, itself firmly upon the hub of the
left shoulder very
my head and bruised my
much. the horse Continued until he Brok the
Chair to pieces. one of the Company took me in
while
his
snow
crossing
melted
away.
The
zen
bunny was thus stranded, left to contemplate his
well.
impending starvation.
TRAVELLER
A FRENCH
We were uncertain whether we ought to inter-
COL-
IN THE
ONIES 1765.
vene,
upsetting the balance of nature by holding
high the value of a single anonymous rabbit. But
here our ambivalence was countered by the enthusi-
astic, deeply sympathetic sentiments of the wheel-
THE LAST WHINNEY
Call 229- 1000,
2491
ext.
WHO' S NO. 1
is
This
in
Topsy
and Prince
doubt
the
article
the
to
response
T. L. O. and
on
pair of horses. Well
more work pound for
best
Diamond and I do
Mac
two
those
special
do
We
trucks!
and
rides
make over
did
who
concerning
my
partner
good deeds to doing.
pound
than
The predicament of their neighboring rabbit- in-
rides a
day,
need did not escape the wheelwrights' notice. After
14
filming
the
a
without
being
wrights, who have taken the kinder, gentler nation
to heart and attempt to secure its benefits for local
wildlife. Though heretofor spoken of a knaves by
ungenerous fellows, these craftsmen have affected a
revolution of character and now tirelessly seek out
night
at
special!
behind Bassett Hall woods for the Christmas
Well, enough said. Thank you."
completion
a
out
for all
proached the island of enforced meditation with the
You
livestock.
you
for
for
sleepful
the
keeping
know
never
an
is
what
that
timid
exile.
But
Rabbit
was
more
frightened by his rescuers than by death. Turning
abruptly, leaping high and long, he hurled himself
eye
toward the depths, yet was saved by a precarious
like
born calf I would
new
a
department
security
us
Thank
there.
of
mother
our
ap-
to
ITS THEIR BEST
As
these worthies
sundry timbers necessary to bridge the waters and
rescue
thank
of their daily work
out
landing upon a raft of ice. He did not pauce, but
threw himself forward, over the ice' s edge and into
night.!"
the water. A momentary flurry of rabbits feet seemed
OUT?
PHASED
My
is
name
happened
Topsy.
the
to
ings? We have
going
to signal a dismal death in the swampy cold. Wheel-
to come
to
I
want
to
follow- up survey
keep
up with
the
carriages
know
what
feedback
meet-
if
rolling
ever
we
wrights and observers were shocked by the turn of
events, which plummeted them into remorse when,
to the surprise of all, Rabbit bobbed to the surface
and athletic grace
swimming with power, speed,
are
the right solutions!"
toward shore, then sprung up, out of the frigid ex-
panse and into the safety of enshrouding brush.
MOST CONCERNED
There is
taking
Is
rumor
and
eggs
my
things!
a
there
going around
hatching
anything I
can
them
do
is
that
someone
in
box— of all
about
a
Thus, in a single act of philanthropy, the wheelwrights
taught
a
zation, established
BIG DEAL
During
a
lot of
recent
attention
months
to those
everyone
has been giving
I don'
American Creams.
t
understand. Why they aren' t even trained yet! Bruce
and I are purebred Percherons and in the eighteenth
century
of
the
tree."
we
had Arab blood introduced.
few draft horses
who
We
have Arabs in
timorous
death through a Nietszchean
this?"
are one
the
family
creature
to
overcome
effort of self- actuali-
for Natural Science that rabbits
are as fleet afloat as afoot, and confirmed even more
tis the tenet of intra- special benevolence that bonds
our community.
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal Nelms is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation, Historic Trades Department
Karen Smith, Editor
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 2, no. 1, April/May, 1989
Description
An account of the resource
Special Note -- New Sheep Update -- Run for the Roses -- Retirements and Sales -- The Last Whinney -- New-wave Rabbit / by Richard Powell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Smith, Karen, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/f25d0dee898d1e0da1f7b4dcc05840f6.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=i6HUPuoVd44B9Q3kZX2PetMxn6yELNJqrnppnG7X686Dz1sVyomFyA2--2-BGDrpTF77ayJ8CtLOb6cFc%7E8KMN7C4C47Zo7N84ZzPrE2Cs%7EaWroCqj%7EK8J0VRsQSzstUkBlbDwjkjBgis-d-Kbb8Rs-2eqFqPh7Ik5Kcw1lk2TQUVO1QxXvvZtC8g5vy75CKQKx2cr-r-pxyC8OZEo6pPkFuyXuUouWaaS38w2lVa7BJoLNN4QYEGgm5Dx24GwK54MNZ%7EWcY-O2Gv1fdYkjAcdSuzCAgtQDQrermMZm%7E-ab4Qj7U21%7ENJk3BSSeg9UUFzNshu7SNUInxaw5kmx%7EyOA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
f2d52d2cb7fabd8871dc48513509432e
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
A
News
VOLUME 1, NO. 12
MARCH
NEW SHEEP THIS YEAR
Our
Russ Dow of Ontario, Canada, is work-
agent,
1989
OBITUARY OF A
GRAND OLD LADY
ing
getting all the permits in line for importation
of our new Leicester sheep from Tasmania. Mr.
By Allison Harcourt
Dow will
On Thursday, February 9, we lost Star. We discovered that morning she just didn' t look right and
suspecting colic( see Colic— What and Why this issue)
we immediately called the vet. Dr. Doxtater' s examination revealed a buildup of gas. Medication was
given to ease her discomfort, and hopefully relieve
the gas and probable impaction. Unfortunately there
is no medication that will reliably accomplish this
on
our new woolies
select
country for
that
fans
hitch.
a
World
If
Sheep
travels
to
Sheep
all will go through
they should
so,
he
when
Conference.
your fingers crossed
keep
without
the
in August
arrive
or
September.
HORSES IN, HORSES OUT
and Prince and Bill and Bruce
Topsy
T. L. O.
from
Ruby
and
deserved
Carter'
at
Diamond
s
in mid-
Grove
went
out
February.
for
then
task itself; all the medication
back
came
well-
a
The girls will be back in harness
vacation.
can do is stimulate
results.
With their one way digestive tract horses are denied the relief of a good belch to expell excess gas,
and their almost 100 feet of small and large intestine
by March.
complicate
any problems.
Throughout the day medication was continued.
Although Star' s pain eased and she began to perk up,
w
':'
we were unable to relieve the gas.
By afternoon
A
fi.
47;.> d
tem could function again. But this measure could not
eJ
j.. `
HENRY W ETH ERB URN
MAKES HIS DEBUT
By
Elaine Shirley
January
herd
23rd
bull
Devon
was a
Colonial
at
who
for
day
very exciting
Williamsburg
calf. Alice (
with
came
the
to
Devon
birth
the
of
with
us
a
the
name "
Great Lot Spring", changed to " Colonial
Williamsburg' s Alice) was very hospitable and cour-
and had her calf in
teous
and Livestock,
on
the
the
H. I.'
of
middle
s,
the
members
passersby,
birth.
and
day for
of Coach
other
C. W.
a
harder
great
but
job,
need
than
figured
we
be.
She
why make her work
produced
a
bull
healthy
calf. Being a first time mother Alice was a bit
fused by the whole thing, but after a few hours
got the hang of being a mom,
The first grade class from Matthew
came
to visit
our
calf
on
conshe
Whaley School
his second day. Linda Side-
bottom and her first graders enjoyed watching the
calf and
they
Henry
21/
2
to
3y
helped
us choose
will be with his
months
old.
mom
He
the
a
ox.
name "
Henry".
until he is weaned
then
living the carefree life
for
working
living as an
Only
career will choose
Henry. Please
bum' s and see Alice and Henry.
options:
cure the problem itself.
By early morning the gas was increasing at an
alarming rate. Medication could no longer ease Star' s
pain. The final decision was made and Star was
humanely put down. Had we not made this decision
the gas would have continued to increase causing
violent pain, suffering, rupture of the intestines, and
horrible
death.
Why did this happen? Perhaps basically because of
her age. Star was quite old for a horse. Her digestive
system had slowed and weakened to the extent that
what may have been a lesser problem for a younger
animal, was actually a real danger to an elderly horse.
Colic is very frustrating to both horseowners and
veterinarians. Sometimes in spite of all the proper
slightly assisted with a few gentle pulls
calf by Coach and Livestock staff. She was
was
the
doing
curious
attended
employees
Alice
Several
to see.
everyone
were emp-
loyed; in an effort to buy some time a trocar was
inserted into her cecum ( which is a particular section
of the large intestine) to expell some of the gas.
Hopefully this would give some relief until her sys-
J'.'.
1
more drastic measures
has several
of
a
time
stop
stud
career
bull
will tell
by
at
or
what
Wether-
management possible a baffling and potentially fatal
case of colic can strike. For the last 10 years equine
practicioners have been conducting intensive research into colic including treatment and recovery.
In 1985 the Morris Animal Foundation began fund-
ing large scale surveys of colic cases whose findings
help practitioners better understand treatments.
The Bolshoi Colic Research Program was founded in
1980 initially as a five year research effort. The program has grown from its original six donors to a
nationwide effort supporting about 42 research pro-
jects. Horse owners continue to learn and hope that
someday we will be able to more effectively combat
and cure the killer that strikes all types of horses.
We will all miss Star. I am just one in a long line of
people
who
worked with and
care
about
Star. I think
�all have special
we
lived
of her. The phrase"
memories
she
long and happy life" may seem trite, but it
really does apply to Star. Her twenty- plus years with
a
C. W.
in
were
with easy
surroundings,
comfortable
work, equine companionship, lots of human affection,
good care, and cookies. Star gave equally or
for all
more
stand
ready to work or to
important work may not
She
was always
Her
most
this.
patiently.
have been pulling
the
wagon
or cart,
with people. Ask
her soft nose and
the
school
children
worked
with
extravagant
her (
some
burg
residents
Star it
around
were
about
saying
inside of a
out
their
by
to
easy
of
the outside
just
When you
understand
to
horse
a
Star
chat.
best in people.
was
who
unease
and Williams-
co- workers"
the
admired
4- Hers
mane, the
stopped
who
bring
to
interacting
who
conquering
around horses), and her"
seemed
but
old
the
for
being good
the
man.
A PEEP AT OUR
SPRING CHICKENS
By Richard Powell
Our first preparations for hatching spring chickens
began in mid- January when the best mature birds
from our flock were placed together in breeding pens
at the Franklin Street stable. Egg collection began
about ten days later when enough time had passed to
insure that the eggs produced had been fertilized by
the chosen roosters, rather than by earlier random
breeding. Each egg which is kept for incubation is
given a simple individual code that identifies its
pedigree, order in the sequence of production, and
the date laid. This code is placed in a small record
book, along with information about unusual factors
that might affect the viability of the embryo, such as
cold weather. Should problems arise during incubation the record book often helps to identify the cause
as weather,
infertile
adults,
or special
nutritional
needs.
WHAT AND WHY
COLIC-
Incubation began on February 12, and a second
clutch of eggs was set two days later, so that the
By Karen Smith
Colic is
set
several
intentional up-
means
that
term
pain. It is
associated with abdominal
usually
number
general
a
all
types,
in
situation
in
of horses today. Colic
killer
one
being
life threatening
a
the
comes
horses.
Flatulent
is
colic
when there
is
sometimes
called
cumulation
the
of gas in
least
the
cal
of
it
attention
can
causes
into
turn
the
ac-
of food
or
bowel
the
the result will be larger birds that mature quickly to
deadly
a more
that
of all material. The pain is
sage
more
type
hard
mass
This
is
a
the
prohibits
not so severe,
pas-
but is
is
colic
type
of
usually
correct
is
colic
fatal.
bowel becomes twisted.
where the
the
most
The
In rare instances
and is
kind
serious
itself.
most
a twisted
colic may
of
causes
Parasites—
colic are
parents.
Although incubation of other varieties will be on a
smaller scale than last year, we still hope to hatch
enough
Hamburgs,
Dominiques,
and others to re-
Here
many.
some
are
of
the
hens
will
cooperate,
we intend
to place several
groups of chicks in public areas during April and
damage
usually
t show
Weather—
breedings will be inter- bred ( X males/ Z females; Z
males/ X females) to fix the traits of the cross, while
place those birds lost during the year. If brooding
common:
but doesn'
produce meat and medium- sized eggs. The hybrid
chicks raised this spring will come from two separate
sets of parents. Next year, birds from these two
encouraging the vigor found in chicks with unrelated
consistant.
Twisted
dunghill fowl" for display and
to create a useful "
consumption. The birds reared from the previous
medi-
without
colic occurs when there
feces in
Chicken embryoes require 21 days to
mating of an Auracana rooster with English game
hens are now being crossed with Dorkings. We hope
colic.
Obstructive
pedigree".
develop, so our first expected hatch will be on March
5. This spring most of our artificially incubated eggs
will come from hybridized adults, as part of our effon
periodic pain;
spells. This is
then violent
easily
This is
because
of colic, though
type
serious
bowel
spells,
occuring
bowel.
the
colic
spasmodic
the
common,
of gas in
a collection
will be quiet
there
most
chicks could be separated at hatching and given
identifying marks corresponding to their egg codes.
Such marks provide basic information about a chick' s
age and parentage, and thus serve as part of a loose
up until
this
occurs
the
at an
occurs
horse is much
when
is
there
age,
early
older.
a sudden
rise
May. With good luck and good weather we hope to
raise eighty to one hundred chicks through a combination of natural and artificial incubation.
or fall in temperature. This is usually seen most in
younger and
Stress—
A
or a
MORE SAD NEWS
this can be in any form, just like humans.
long
Food—
feeding
horses.
of examples would be
couple
ings
older
times,
Sand—
quality,
too much,
insufficient
times,
watering
change
in surround-
trip.
poor
Water—
a
drinking
common
or too
in
little.
foul
water,
hot
when
irregular
change,
sudden
tidewater
irregular
water,
or
area.
and it was determined he should not have to suffer
exhausted.
Usually
Tip the ox had to be humanely destroyed. An
injury which he suffered a few years ago returned to
make his life miserable. It was a problem involving a
bone in his leg and it showed up again a little over a
year ago. A few months ago his condition worsened
when
the
torture.
grass starts to grow or die out a horse may eat roots
and all unintentionally ingesting sand. Also feeding
hay
on
sandy soil gives
To prevent
situations
the
most
ing
important
and
correct
colic
and
a
horse
the
sand with it. The sand will
horse
causes
in
to
the
pick
up
bowel.
will try and avoid
above. The
mentioned
owner
preventatives
feeding
a chance
accumulate
are
frequent
and watering.
deworm-
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation,
Historic Trades Department.
Kay Williams, Editor.
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 12, March, 1989
Description
An account of the resource
New Sheep This Year -- Horses In, Horses Out -- Obituary of a Grand Old Lady / by Allison Harcourt -- Henry Wetherburn Makes His Debut / by Elaine Shirley -- Colic- What and Why / by Karen Smith -- A Peep at Our Spring Chickens / by Richard Powell -- More Sad News
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/2713484e222e634ef207067eb93239b6.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=H90DF50btXOezOU7gbr34bKFf0fYvZg3oQTLdCLY-j3CTADiEpMEjbvLKSAmjdlRTkmKowLqzJB23SNYELpu3eFvZ0vL1zaTnkjjKDZ8WAfjOkl1Z90DoUJLrCnZtaxQewVVCjmn8H0iPd2snQNuBZ1QK-5quRwd1Ask6E-3WVbEtwKjZMSs0wKUaDWLBle%7EUeMcdDP9nxI0riQkuGS8e6XkqcpmgLcGEzr4a9yO5fbDMVYBXSTMbQjAt%7Ee5gBD%7EzNJbc0qh%7E5hotZ9obfnf2NBNql825fhJG0%7ECPR3-plVkR33CcytIPD7hVqqEnwDyrphQafB4rarNaDoiciIh0A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
93fcfdaa84c1f226f8dc8a3af92c1fd2
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
A
VOLUME
1,
News
NO.
11
FEBRUARY 1989
BULL BORN AT C. W.
Alice,
midday
a
formerly a heifer, officially became a
Monday, January 23, when she gave birth
cow
to
spunky bull calf.
Elaine
Shirley,
The
mother.
assisted
midcow,
calf will
be
first
the
registered
time
Henry
as "
Wetherbum."
11.3.` "
REORGANIZATION
OF OXEN
Waylon, after being treated for more than a year
and a half fora thyroid disorder and suffering worsening illness has been humanely destroyed.
Top and Willie have therefore begun a new working relationship. You have probably seen them giving rides already. First they had to learn to work
together, being both trained to work on the same
`: `
side. Willie learned his new position very quickly in
spite of doubt by other oxmen outside C. W. As they
E4tk
walk by you next time, notice how well they step
together.
TOPSY AND PRINCE
ON T.L.O
Topsy and Prince, our white socked Percherons
who are without a doubt our best pair of horses, are
taking a well- deserved winter break at Carter' s
NEW HORSES MAKE
LONG JOURNEY
By
Grove.
Karen V. Smith
Topsy is still mulling over the survey feedback
January
4,
1989
unloaded
were
off
ty- one hours
Their
a trailer
straight
journey
Lanark,
6: 00 p.
at
Ill.,
on
started
in
m.
seven
results and is determined that things will change.
After
at our stable.
road they
the
horses
twen-
Although the personal changes she will have to make
were
tired.
will hurt—
weary
Sterling,
Ill., continued
Wis.,
last stop
Sheboygan,
and
to
Wil-
cally
and she will have to be reminded periodi-
to maintain
them—
she knows it must happen
or she may as well stay out in the pasture.
liamsburg, Va.
Mr. Paul Simson, with the help of his brother Bill
hauled the horses for us. Three of the horses we
purchased
were from Mr. Simson. Dick and Dolly
are Belgians, a breed of draft horse. Both are rich
with
chestnut
white
stripe
blond
down
and
manes
his face. Their
Dick
tails.
ages
has
are eight
a
and
ten, and they are about 15. 3 hands high( one hand is
4 inches).
Morgan/
We
Quarter
Roger
Jolly
Roger is
liver
a
stockings
Horse
after a
cross
chestnut
in the
Mr. and
which
Mr. Simson
rear.
with
He is around
Mrs. Richard
pull
just can' t resist feeding the " poor babies" a goodie.
Most people who see our horses out in a pasture or
paddock have no idea at all what they are looking at.
What is there in the pasture are healthy animals
14. 3 hands
ican Creams. We have named
two
and
the cart.
E. Eads sold
the
Mary
mares
Margaret and Jane Hunter. The six month old colt is
named Moses. Mary is two years old, Jane four, and
both
to
around
are
foal in April
T. L. C. The
unable
liked
to
Jane
is pregnant
These horses
have
been ill for
for
them
the
way
and due
need
a
little
sometime
and
they would
have
to.
He
have generously donated
Cream which we have named Silver-
is
three
years
old,
17 hands
and
very
friendly.
None of
this:
One visitors, when gently discouraged by a staff
member to not feed the horses, got indignant and
wanted to know it the staff member didn' t like to
have a little ice cream now and then. The staff
with a smile, that 30, 000 scoops of
ice cream, or 50, 000 cookies a week was bad for her
health and that she didn' t accept candy from strangers anyway, and wouldn' t even think of offering bits
of food to a stranger' s child.
the
Creams have been registered,
will have all four(
as the
like
Deprived pitiful beasts whose only
chance for happiness lies in a bag of cookies. Oh the
poor, poor horsies.
thing
member replied,
Mrs. Walcyak
American
smith.
May.
Eads
care
Mr. and
an
14. 1 hands.
or
what is
good for them— grass or hay. What
they see we can only imagine, but it must be some-
eating
Amer-
us three
two
Visitors see our horses in their pastures and they
horse.
race
blaze and
a white
a
have named
we
famous 18th- century
10 years old. He will
about
from
purchased
also
IXNAY ON THE
OODIESGAY
paper work
soon to
can
be five) registered
be done.
so we
as soon
People have been seen feeding cookies, mints,
gummi bears, Turns, biscuits, cough drops, bread,
and all
sorts
of
vegetables
to our animals.
Some will
�feed leaves
it
eat
may
could kill
are toxic
and greenery
happily
them.
Many
not
for horses, but ONLY in small
from
constantly
amounts
of any of
these "
or
death
a
even
to
hand.
and
good
fed
not
Uncontrolled
hands
cally suited
to
many hours
throughout
deft
at
eating food
out
picking
important because
horse
cannot
Those
world'
horse'
s
lip
will
part of
with
pull
backs,
his
mans,
of
of
one
the
lips and teeth.
new
horse'
friendship
They
s
A
in his
skin
love.
or
use
touch.
by
objects
another
of
a wide range
is
Biting
Horse' s groom each other
and scratching each other' s
raking
and
teeth
or
will
to
A horse will
rumps.
his teeth
show
displeasure
Horses
are
communication— the
communicate
to express
teeth,
mouth and
with
top lips
of
mating ritual.
the
their
necks,
flexi-
aren' t so
so on.
their
hold
take
teeth and
A
or worse.
its cud and
investigate
to
lips
chews
equine
with
whatever
swallows,
cow' s
is
This
regur-
systems
emotions
that top
A
and
ruminates,
main
horse
a
for
is very
lip
four- part stomach and
a
mouth. Horses
equine
horse
has
dexterous
s
day.
is with him for better
a cow
and
gitates,
grass
His top
physihay
or
as
best bits of food.
the
regurgitate.
ble because
such
the
once
he has swallowed
He is
small stomach.
one
buzz
say
off. He
in
communicate
punch
by feeding
show
to
when
fashion
this
if encouraged
especially
nips
and he bites
impatience
his
open
He will
to threaten.
angry.
with huof
out
the
hand.
An outstretched
finds it
who
should
do
insist
empty
food.
contain
A horse
this.
on
hand will be nipped
and has been
Even
can
a
very
by a horse
by people it
animal will
gentle
bite
and savagely
get angry
food. Horses
taught
to
a toxic substance
was in her system which
freeze around that she could have gotten into. Apparently animals will drink antifreeze over water, if
given the choice, because it is very sweet. But the
answer was no. He asked if we let her outside where
she could have gotten in one of the neighbors yards.
The answer, yes. Dr. Sprinkel could not be sure it
was antifreeze, but he did know it was some kind of
toxin.
They started Little Kitty on I. V. fluids with supportive therapy— B vitamin injections to help her
liver and kidneys
function
better.
Tuesday Kitty was worse. Her serum chemistry
values had increased.
This meant her kidney and
liver were not responding to the treatment. Everything was being done that could be done. All we
could do was wait.
still no change.
Wednesday,
therapy, stopped I. V. fluids.
They
continued
On Thursday Little Kitty had become semi- comatose and had labored breathing. During her stay at
the hospital she had eaten very little and was lethargic.
Now came time for our family to make a hard
decision, and one that most pet owners will have to
face. No one can tell another person what to do at a
time like this. There are no guidelines to follow. I
have worked with animals all my life, be it my own or
someone elses. These are things I take into consideration:
1.
That ample time and treatment has been given.
Medical opinion feels there is less than a 50/ 50
2.
chance of recovery.
3.
For
health
their
the
horses
given only
instructions
or other
supervision
coach and
the
and
for
the
should be followed
the
of
pet
Animal no longer is enjoying life.
4. Animal is in chronic pain.
be
The decision was made if Little Kitty did not show
current
any improvement by morning we would have her put
to sleep. Friday morning Little Kitty was put to sleep
to end her suffering.
The histopathology report from the state lab re-
are
of
and well-
safety
or
to
staff. These
livestock
protection
by
not
Treats
animals.
direct
the
are truly
animals
please do
and yours,
under
of
members
the
believe
greedy and emotional ani-
are
mals.
feed
centrating in the urine. This led Dr. Sprinkel to
Dr. Sprinkel called us to see if we had any anti-
are
fragile.
A horse has only
revealed kidney and liver failure. There was increased calcium and phosphorous which wasn' t con-
she had eaten or drank.
illness
can cause
human
And
shrubs
CAN be
apples
goodies"
horse.
and
trees
amounts
human
the
and both were negative. A serum chemistries test
animals
it is poisonous and
ornamental
Carrots and
to animals.
the
realizing
though
even
being of
They
visitors.
all.
vealed
a choleciferol
agent
in her system.
It was
evident that she had eaten this substance. It appears
in mouse poison; two common names are Rampage
Ortho
Rat- B- Gone. Both products can be
A PET OWNER' S
and
HARDEST DECISION
poisonous
and
toxic
when
ingested
in
certain
amounts. Any amount could be a life threatening
By Karen V. Smith
concern.
Kitty—
was
acting
curled
up in
eaten
except
joked with
day for all
a
little
my
a
small
mom
these
calico
can
saying
of
cat
that
years may have
mother
Little
had
stayed
She
strange.
my
named
and appeared
a cedar chest
for
1988
12,
Saturday, November
our
family cat— a
On
noticed
not to
have
food all
day.
I
two
cans
a
maybe
finally
caught
up
with her.
On
Sunday
was
there
no change;
she was
still in
the cedar chest. We decided that she would go to the
veterinary hospital first thing Monday morning.
Upon arrival Dr. Sprinkel examined Little Kitty. He
agreed
tests
she was
and for
They
ill.
They
kept her
at the
hospital for
blood
bor left some out where she could get in it. Please be
careful to place poisons where children and pets
can' t get access to it.
I would like to thank Dr. Sprinkel, his associate
Dr. Mark Mangelsdorf
count
and Leukemia
test
and the Noah' s Art Veteri-
nary Hospital staff for their help with Little Kitty and
supplying information for this story.
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation,
observation.
ran a routine
There was not any mouse poison around our
house. We can only assume an unsuspecting neigh-
Historic Trades Department.
Kay Williams, Editor. Richard
Nicoll,
Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Animal News, volume 1, no. 11, February, 1989
Description
An account of the resource
Bull Born at C.W. -- New Horses Make Long Journey -- Reorganization of Oxen -- Topsy and Prince on T.L.O -- Ixnay on the Oodiesgay -- A Pet Owner’s Hardest Decision / by Karen V. Smith
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/5a9924df5bdda6be3d662cd7ea20f470.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=fpeOYR0Lts-SZyPb91RXwZRZzHd0GNWyKpLxCNgdZjD3oi%7EM4HTdlY4RnpzCM6bJsEP6DaYNs%7EGM%7EVp38LQ4k1L41YTGzXGEJlsfSC3Pf9l4%7ESxSTp2I22TxMhDhFzvzY5SjQ7RpCfONkCKcZuM324Zi5yyVwiqm-Wco4uFwsg%7EBAuubgxZEca1eUurlA-eC-Q47JhqswyIPToxfRakX8YX%7Eze8VUebG4LblrQ3yHFdmNKHc12daelqg%7Ejz3WQu76-8r%7E75jxgmxOaz-ogs8bFkLvEJnxIlUKcOL-3PKkEcP3jvBfRoWGcYhouu-mGo%7EP2ac9FxHd0h0YcH%7EQTUFOQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
d31792bf7a0e0c64a67baed06fb4d733
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
A
VOLUME
News
NO. 10
1,
JANUARY 1989
this rich color. Past experience has proven that dark-
GOODBYE MOLLY
The red
mistook
mare,
fired.
She
much
Joan
has
now
by
home. There
new
a
skinned creams often do not have a satisfactory color.
for Susie,
some
just
was
Further, when mated with other American
was
Crawford and
not
enough Shirley Tern-
for
the
needs
ple in her personality
of
Founda-
the
strain of American Creams carry the pink trait."
A particularly distinctive trait is the amber eyes.
tion.
When
C. W. have
to
may
hands.
Karen
donated
by
arrive
the
Smith,
time
senior
The American Cream is a medium draft type. The
issue is in your
this
stable
ACDHA describes them as looking like a Suffolk
solicited
groom,
Punch (
Creams.
draft breed). They have ample draft
well- muscled chest, short strong legs
another
hindquarters,
and
A
e
i
Mares weigh
disposition.
1, 600 to
The average height is from 15. 2 hands to 16. 2 hands.
e
fr
A
i
excellent
1, 800 pounds and stallions 1, 800 to 2, 000 pounds.
1
4 '`
like some other draft breeds ( our
percherons for instance).
there' s a chance the Creams, along with a few other
horses,
foals are born they have
Manes and tails are left long and flowing. The tails
are not docked
and
been completed—
almost
Cream
mature their eyes have turned into an amber color.
Arrangements to bring four American Cream Draft
Horses
American
white eyes that slowly darken so that when they are
HELLO CREAMS
the
Creams,
they generally produce too light or nearly white offspring. Therefore, our chief and most sought for
too
a?
j
four inches. (
Topsy is 18 hands.)
The reason most people, as well as most horse-
A hand
equals
men, have not heard about American Creams is they
are a rare breed. From 1979 to the present only 28
Creams have been registered in all the United
zi
b:
1States, and none outside. Of the 28 Creams 22 are
r
r
mares and 6 are stallions. There are only nine active
breeders of American Creams that are listed with
t=`
cr
ACDHA.
American Creams never really got a chance to
WHAT IS AN AMERICAN
CREAM?
become
by Karen Smith
The American Cream is the only draft horse that
originated in America and is recognized as a breed of
ACDHA)
Association (
Cream all
American
This
1920s.
can
her foals
were
Belgian,
of
to
of
horse
origin— a
in
the
type.
early
and
established.
One
reason
may be the Creams came along right as the farm and
city were becoming mechanized. Draft horse numbets declined sharply at this time.
With the help of the American Minor Breeds Conservancv and the nine breeders the Creams are stay-
ing alive. As writer Carol Semrad put it, ` There is
something to be said for this horse' s persistence.
Showing much of the rugged American Spirit many
but all
ancestry,
and
the
By
of us hold dear, the Cream appears to be determined
mating
to survive and find its place.
For more information please write: ACDHA, Rt.
well known draft breeds ( i.
and quality of horse
type
the
of
ancestry
Iowa
unknown
the same color
other
Shire)
its
to
in central
mare was
her offspring
the
trace
way
the
Old Granny"
named "
Draft Horse
The American Cream
horse.
American
well- known
e.
was
1,
Box 88, Hubbard,
Iowa 50122.
improved while the color was maintained.
Around
an effort
1935
the
these
to make
of
breeders
horses
a
this
made
offspring
distinct breed. This
OUR GIRL STAR
by Allison Harcourt
meant alot of inbreeding and line breeding was done
to
establish
On
the
breed.
February
by the
15, 1950
Iowa
standard
This gave
granted
such
as
to
their
recognized
Cream
all
the
established breeds in
own
breed
class
in
as the
of Agriculture.
Department
American
to the
older
they were
the
privileges
that
state
state—
The ACDHA
with
Cream:
white mane
ored
eyes.
able.
Pink
Some
skin
is
pink
skin
white markings
the
determining
and
are also
to
weaken
and
crumble.
Her
hooves
were
treated with medication prescribed by her veterinarian and farrier. Star has shown great improvement,
ideal
and with the aid of special shoes called grass tips,
color
she' s back at work again.
gives this description as the
They are " a medium cream
and tail,
wall
fairs and
shows.
American
Star is back walking the streets of Williamsburg
again. Star has been on TLO waiting for her hooves
to grow enough to wear shoes. The problem was
caused by a bacterial infection which caused the hoof
amber
col-
very desir-
factor in securing
You probably have seen Star working the streets in
the past. She is a black mare with an irregular shaped
white
mark
on
her forehead.
She is of
a
good
size,
�and like many of our horses a draft
this means a good bit of draft or
In Star'
cross.
s
cornheavy
bined with a mix of smaller light horse breeding. Just
what
the
true
So far,
luxurious
the
long
she' s not
the
other
at me
can
tive
cries
the
situation.
What
Jake,
all
is
the
world
the
course
started,
where we
not
W.
any C.
of C. W.
is ad-
Star
must admit that
has her string of
She
jump
to
new
the
whenever
stand.
I
mare
flirts with
and Rod,
cookies.
hussy.
a
help
is Star
see
by. She
cookie
plain-
flirting
to
gelding goes
horses,
My
t seem to
may
horse,
and has been known
geldings,
don'
up,"
say" Oh
even
also manages to revive
bit of
a
will
or
visitor
wagon
the
types
also
woke
exhausted
horse. She
near
stares,
the
good looking
to
is
she
just
she
from
come
dicted
Stable
slow.
plodding along
poor horse work?"
make that
of"
transform
we
Wythe
with accusing
you
and
Bleeeah, bleeeeah.
Star is
pulling the cart yet. The cart is at
end of town and I' m leading her. People
how
carriage
Baaaa, baaaa.
Thomas:
step. This is of
another
go
the
Beltane:
and her
lip,
for all
looking
fence
the
follow
to
her pasturemate Toby. Toby does not
her devotion, his priorities are " food, food, and
share
food."
to
Star will
few
a
slip
words
company. She
not
be
can
always
Star'
are
job
s
a
for
of
She
teacher.
horse,
a cart
In her later
of years.
role
of
horse
cart
with school groups,
works
introduce
to
they may
learn how
also
works,
eats,
a
the
pat,
and how
Bill: Topsy thinks she' s the smartest thing on four
legs and I get sick of that.
Bruce: It' s enough to make you colic. ( Topsy shifts
her weight from one hoof to another)
Jake (
mule):
She
doesn' t care
what
we think
and
none of this is going to change anything.
Diamond:
She' s Okay with me.
Ruby: Sure, but she' s not the only animal in the
barn. This place doesn' t operate on the strength of
one animal.
Jake (
She can' t communicate
mule):
can' t communicate
with
with us. If she
us how can we communi-
cate with her. ( Topsy bites off a piece of bark from a
pine tree and drops it on the ground.)
Diamond: We' re not discussing who' s perfect.
Jock ( mule): But we look to Topsy for leadership.
She has to realize that and lead ALL of us.
Jake (
mule):
She'
forgotten
s
that.
She
gets
so
wrapped up pulling carriages for the important fancy
people.
Topsy: SO! I' ve not been doing such a good job,
huh?
Bill:
Not as good as you could.
Ruby:
Not as if we ALL helped at every opportu-
nity and always put the needs of the barn first.
Topsy: Will you be QUIET, Ruby! Can' t you hear
what
they' re saying? ( Topsy stamps one front hoof
and picks up a wisp of hay off the ground and eats it
very slowly). I am listening. I truly am. I really want
this to be the best barn in the world. It hurts to hear
what you' ve been saying. It' s hard to listen to those
things. (
She rubs a fly off her front leg with her nose.)
But I don' t think you would have the courage to say
those difficult things in front of me if you all truly did
behavior.
We
and
wisdom
Like
ing
the
silent
the
calling
as
where
cart
ment.
her
Star
keepC. W.
Her teeth
her midand
age,
from
to
twenties
has been
hold
the
she
say
and
Now
holding?
there
seems
it."
not care very much about this barn.
also
she came to
We know
age.
horse.
Twenty- five
confessed
of patience
experience.
of her ancestry, Star is
her
between
old.
and
the
years ago to serve as a wagon horse.
of her partner, Star found her true
sale
a
age
pull
to
rare combination
with
subject
about
younger horses
that
comes
least twenty
With
find
can
heavier loads, but
years
have
we
talk of
use
theory "
some-
thirty
that
some
is
it
retire-
or
lose
Judging
way
geldings or
prances back to the barn, Star seems ready to keep
on
cript of what occured.
world around her. Star
understands the
stay
the
at
horse
to
Not much was accomplished in that unit.
The carriage horse unit was particularly vocal
when asked how they felt about Topsy management.
They met behind the carriage house. Here' s a trans-
absolutely still for a timid child to work up
courage to touch her, but will not tolerate rowdy
she see' s
will
and
a
to
help-
mobs of
squealing children
and lure of horses. While giving Star
mystery
ing
and
Patience
qualities of
the
polite
call steadi-
to
horse.
number
a
let
her hind feet.
I prefer
valuable
important
two
title
which
Star has moved from
years,
that
Star
makes
ness,
strength
about
in
acceptable
bit silly
a
Her lack of speed,
more
farrier
cause the
occasionally
The sheep unit went like this—
is her
apart
admit
of
even
look
Jim
low,
hanging
from
and
a
really sets Star
low hanging lower
Our animals met in their feedback groups recently
to dicuss results of the summer survey.
number
of her best impressions
one
barely
she can
ih block
to a
horse trick. This includes
with her head
when
mane,
summer
exhausted
like
what
LACK of speed. Yes, I' ll
extreme
In
but
tell.
she' s not about to
description could apply
this
horses,
our
and
sure,
ANIMAL SURVEY
FEEDBACK MEETINGS
of Star really is— well only
parentage
Star knows for
horse,
working.
experience."
good
shape,
the
she chases
We have adjusted
We
and
also
make
pamper
the
her work
sure
her
to suit
her teeth
during
the
are
her
in
colder
months of the year. With the small exception of her
and will
hooves, Star is very healthy for her
continue
to work as long as she is fit and willing. I
age,
think
good
that
will be for quite
awhile.
I hope
so, she' s a
partner. She puts up with my moods, and I put
s. I guess that means
were friends?!
up with her'
Things are going to change. We can make this
barn a better place. ( She lifts her head, her ears prick
forward.) If we want to make this barn a better place,
we' ve got to take a look at ourselves and make a
Her hooves start tapping.) I' m starting with
the mare in the mirror. I' m going to make a change.
change. (
She
dance
around
yard.) If you
wanna make the barn a bettah place, take a look at
starts
to
the
stable
yourself and make a change! I' m starting with the
mare
in
the
mirror . . .
shhhmooaah, shhhmooaah!
Then she started to moonwalk)
Jake:
the
Does this mean I have to start with the mule in
mirror?
Ruby: Yes, dear.
QUESTIONS?
COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation, Historic Trades Department.
Kav Williams, Editor: Richard Nicoll, Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 10, January, 1989
Description
An account of the resource
Goodbye Molly -- Hello Creams -- What is an American Cream? / by Karen Smith -- Our Girl Star / by Allison Harcourt -- Animal Survey Feedback Meetings
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
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PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
News
VOLUME
DECEMBER 1988
NO. 9
1,
groomed. The horses are cleaned up on a big concrete area beside the barn which has a long pipe
COWS & BIRDS & BEES
Alice
the cow' s recent
hitching rail fitted with chains to tie five horses. At
behavior, witnessed
strange
the front edge of the grooming area is a large concrete
by several people, caused us a little doubt about her
state of expectancy. We had the vet examine her and
water trough where the horses are allowed to drink
pregnant and is
and play before they are tied up. Although the stalls
he confirmed
due
is definitely
she
that
are equipped
calf in late January.
to
with automatic
waterers
most horses
take pleasure in a morning splash.
One of the most important grooming tasks, check-
SHEARED SHEEP
ing the horses hooves, is usually the first things
attended to by the coachmen. The feet are picked
By Elaine Shirley
In
past few
the
lambs and
have
we
weeks
we
are
cold
We
calm
winter?"
prepared
who are
Thousands of years
had
a
they
long,
rough
guard
mans
found
that
hairs
guard
the
for
lected
animal
have
consists
of
possess
remnants)
Nature
made
wool and
of years
and
some
tude are observed. Deviation from normal can mean
wool)
bred and
se-
with
up
the
today
a
generally
few breeds still
long
with
can
but
desirable,
come
extremely
breeds
handled during the morning his behavior and atti-
were
wool
to survive
sheep
today
Sheep
Vs
to
with a drain and the horses are washed right where
16 inches
special equine vacuum cleaners see a lot of use especially in winter.
Hand shearing leaves r/ a to ya inch of wool so
animal has what it needs to keep warm and they
the
If an animal is really dirty and brushing is not
enough, it gets a bath. The grooming area is equipped
Y4 inch of
to
grow up
sickness. We do not work sick animals.
they are tied with the luxury of hot and cold water
and Orvus soap. If it' s too cold for even a hot bath a
coachman will pull out the vacuum cleaner. Our
undercoats.
a year.
always
man looks for anything wrong such as cuts, swell-
and
very
to
shoes.
As each animal is curried and brushed the coach-
goat hair). Hu-
to
hairs( although
guard
no
was
their
ings, or any other injury. The entire time a horse is
domesticated
undercoat (
Sheep
not.
today.
tightened. Horses can' t work on the street without
our visitors
the
man
similar
undercoat
thousands
we
before
short
hairs (
were
spected and hoof dressing applied. Loose shoes are
sheep by
of sheep and wool.
for
sweaters
ago
very
sheep
clean of shavings, manure, and mud, the shoes in-
the
won' t
fears of
the
history
the
about
them
telling
knit
to
is, "
asked
frequent question
this
new
most
they be
all
shorn
last year' s lambs). The
the yearlings(
more.
growing
as
sheep
We do leave
ground.
t
aren' t as
naked
they
as
poor naked
worry. Those
But don'
lent, the harness is put on. While the harness looks
on
very complicated only two buckles are involved in
cold
the
against
Once a steed is clean and sprayed with fly repel-
are
fastening it on and removing it. It stays together
basically in one piece and is taken completely apart
only for thorough cleaning. If the coachman notices
belly wool
the
insulation
added
an
the
sheep
seem.
anything wrong with the harness it is corrected
HORSE HAIR FLYS IN
immediately.
The harnessed horse is returned to its stall to eat
THE MORNING
Mornings
Stable. In
have
order
day
by
then.
coachman
mals
to
higher
cold
At
which
a
we
nearly
carriage
can
only gives
two
are not
bear
danger of
frighten
Once
a
each
the
the
rides
rain,
limbs and
the
coachmen
their
if
the
the
ani-
is 95°
or
In very
assigned
winds
The
weather
morning.
are
airborne
break-
what
temperature
though
early
receives
coachman.
will drive
a
to
each
freezes.
The
stage
wagon
present
items
that
assigned they
take the
house calls and requests a schedule for the day. The
three carriages most used have staggered starting
times.
know which pair he
out
head
coachman
answers
the
phone and tells the Courthouse the carriage and time
wagon (
9: 45 for
wagon
tour).
If it' s necessary to skip
particular rides in the afternoon or if carriages are
only going out half a day, the Courthouse needs to
know. This information
is necessary so the tickets
can be sold.
Coachmen only have about a half an hour to forty
minutes to spend on each horse. Somehow when
you' re tring to groom a big horse like Topsy it seems
impossible. Uh oh. Whoa now, big( oops) girl. Easy
may
girl. I didn' t mean BIG like fat. Whoa. girl. I mean
or she
of the barn
the
of its first ride. Red 9: 30, blue 9: 35, and 10: 00 for the
like
first horse
Usually
the
horses.
the
in
the
High
but
m.,
comes
while the other
light drizzle.
falling
in
coachmen
used in
head
who
a.
coachman
and decides
When
carriage so one can thaw
carriages
always
eight
About five minutes before 9: 00 a. m. the Court-
horse hair fly.
8: 00
starts at
determines
factor.
weather
rides at
really make the
from
assignment
head
forecast is
carriage
officially
Street
9: 30 people
C. W. Franklin
the
horses will have finished
so the
fast grain
his or her
at
begin
coachman
or
enough
to
fast and
to move
The work
groom
busy
are
hay until it is time to go and the same process is
repeated with its partner.
to
is
be
Jane
Russell,
a full figure girl. Whoa now.
There, that' s a GOOD girl. Whew! I thought she
was
going
to
step
on my
foot.
�Millions of horses and mules served in World War
WAR IN PIECE
With
of
the airing
the
II, Many died. So did their masters. So did many
television
War and
movie
Remembrance and Pearl Harbor Day drawing
timely
in World War II
played
to consider the role
it'
near,
s
by
Hitler'
mechanized
fully
s
2. 75
used
army
in World War II. An
horses
million
modem
aver-
age 865 of his horses were killed daily during the
more
than
two
thousand day war. The Nazis lost
52, 000 horses in the Battle of Stalingrad. These
figures— and
here
shelves
of
horse
a
a book we have on the
This book
at the stable.
camouflage
wearing
German Army
by Monique
the
The Noble Horse
from
Dossenbach,
Hans
for
just
are
they
alone— are taken
and
shows
German
War
II
horses
turned
warfare,
there
military
match
no
units,
s
3, 000
against
routed
ments
and
the complete
German
heavy
200 lorries,
infantry
big
many horses and
rifles,
less
tanks
Richard
were
so effective
thick mud and harsh
the
effective,
Now facts from
if
not
Dempewolff,
lightful
of all
stories
Besides
the war effort.
and dogs,
deer,
slugs
sorts
animals
horses
made trucks
be
by
taken
the obvious
hamsters,
roosters,
contributed
who
of contributions
accounts
cats,
of
horses,
mules,
in
muddy,
and
In
by
trucks
could
a
make
their
three-
way
treacherous
in wooded
So up to the carriage house top the horses flew,
with a carriage full of goodies and St. Nicholas, too.
And then in a twinkling, I heard on the roof
the prancing and pawing of each little hoof.
As I drew in my head, and was turning around,
down the aisle he came with a bound;
He was dressed all in fur from his head to his foot,
and his clothes were all dirty with shavings and muck.
He was chubby and plump— a right jolly old elf,
and I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself.
even
soon gave me to know I had nothing to fear.
terrain (
areas
foot ditch.
need precious petroleum
horse can live simply off
and
it must be St. Nick.
and
rocky,
where
tanks
A horse could quickly leave
not.
take cover
and hide in
I trotted to the window quick as I could,
to see if the noise was coming from above.
When what to my wondering eyes should appear,
A wink of his eye, and a twist of his head,
spiders,
horses could go
or whatever)
road and
And Topsy in her hay, and I in my shavings,
had just laid down for a good nights nap.
When out in the paddock there arose such a clatter, I got loose to see what was the matter.
He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work.
war.
the
in their heads.
rein-
One thing Animal Reveille does accurately point
out is why horses
were important to all armies involved
danced
llamas,
included.
are
The horses were nestled all snug in their stalls,
while visions of sugar cookies
trot away, trot away all!
a
just
soon would be there.
the carriage house they came, now trot away,
and
their
probably
The feed buckets were hung by the stalls with
care, in the hopes that St. Nicholas
To the top of the hill to the bottom of
thirty
virtually ineffective.
should
not even Lucy and Ethel.
and called them by name.
little book, Animal Reveille
this
not a creature was stirring
did come, and he whistled, and shouted,
trucks,
terrain
by Prince( the Percheron) as told to Karen Smith
offi-
automatic
on
CHRISTMAS
cars,
little grain of salt. Copyrighted in 1943 it may
be Allied propaganda,
but it is filled with de-
with
to
1, 500
T' WAS THE NIGHT BEFORE
More rapid than thoroughbreds his horses
of important documents."
These Russians
because
guns,
time
I knew in a moment
exterminated
mortars,
for peace."
Let there be peace all over the
earth. Happy Hanukkah. Merry Christmas.
the
With a little old driver, so lively and quick,
depart-
twenty- four
guns; captured
machine
sheafs
and
remem-
but a miniature carriage and two white horses.
regi-
other
four armored
six
of
Regiment;
two
Army,
and
soldiers
four
tanks,
Soviet
period
a
topographical
German Sixth
destroyed
Panzer
the
German lines
behind
headquarters of
the
cers;
over
following:
Infantry
the
out
2, 500
and
in
430th German
the
Poles
mounted
the
to
Nazis.
around
skirted
the
of
modern
advantages
important
the
wiped
ment
in
place
Russians,
mounted
and accomplished
no
book Animal Reveille in August of
to the
twelve days,
and
book: ". . .
when all through the stable,
opening
Luftwaffe
s
cavalry was
defense
According
two
the
another
at the
be several
Although
for Hitler'
Russian
Union'
had
out to
horsepower.
1941
last phrase from
T' was the night before Christmas,
and
paint
While it appeared
airplane.
of World
were
the
pictures
wearing an equine gas mask,
The
The predecessor of War and Remembrance,
Winds of War, showed Polish cavalry being strafed by
a
ment of the televised War and Remembrance will inelude
brance can lead us from the long, long time of war to
animals.
about
innocent noncombatants. Hopefully the final seg-
through
to
and
tanks
be useful. A
land. Horses
thick
the
kneel down
Trucks
products
the
or
woods,
can swim
not
need-
Gifts he did give to all in our barn. More heart, or
more courage, or to be free from harm.
He filled all the buckets; turned with a jerk,
and laying his finger aside of his nose and
giving a nod, up the aisle he did go.
He sprang to his carriage, to his team
gave a whistle, and away they all flew
like the down of a thistle;
But I heard him exclaim, as they drove out of sight.
Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good- night!"
ing bridges or roads.
Animal
Reveille
negotiating
the lives of
the
terrain
reports
motor
countless
trenches
lets, and vital
who
that
vehicles
thousands
would
supplies."
never
transport
could
not, "
horses,
saved
of men up there in
have had guns, bul-
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation,
Historic Trades Department.
Kav Williams, Editor: Richard Nicoll. Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 9, December, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Cows & Birds & Bees -- Sheared Sheep / by Elaine Shirley -- Horse Hair Flys in the Morning -- War in Peace -- T’was the Night Before Christmas / by Prince (the Percheron) as told to Karen Smith
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/09de99286b4f7ed1fdf6f9a0289a05d1.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=EqP90WhOg6AKGbNjJYifwsmcz4ilKNacBLRecL7faJ9mVfGsquF990C093dZo1IjAgm3XHXVi4NIC-da9Qjr16100PlkZT1fjYpHpXZR75nmdiJy7Kxr3fvYGTdr8BZhGoSVql-Ul6limAjMDevYuLxylWjsDYVnUrH2o5FlMMhYRe8yCkWb5jAb9WJVPjXMyl5xeeM8rLKg8Cfw6ugDbkbJNR882fi1%7EsjhqP%7EheG-1aTdTuUdM2vM0tZ1xdgOC%7EhjGlL6CISx6SVE%7EWCik-cSeOmfj-gCNsz90yLZ5lO8fKRugRkr92SmStSnijdmkhszIfyMzBvOYrrfKjc0SCw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
46684a30b3882cfc4b4fa3dd91fa3cf3
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
A
VOLUME
News
NO. 7
1,
OCTOBER 1988
or paws) pointed forward, pushed off slowly, and
kicked off gently from the kickboard as it dropped
into the water with a big splash. None of this was a
eifk:
threat to Mr. Louganis
w
llite
,-`
a` : ,,, _
i
4
1...%
e
P
The diving mules were trained to dive and did so
with no gimmicks to force them to perform. How do
•. _
we
1 ° •-r`
`
Because we are knowledgeable about
know?
hoofed animals.
We know the animals were not forced up the ramp
1_
i
4
-
r
l ,.-
V.
`•,
of course.
by their handlers. The handlers were no where near
r
i
n ";
1i -
'
t:
_
them during the climb or dive. We know no remote
control
milwi
electronic
shock devices
or
s
other
were applied to the animals as they went up the ramp
y
because
the
animals'
ears and facial expressions
would have indicated such. If the mules or pony had
been in anyway prodded from behind they would
have pinned their ears back focusing their attention
SEX SCANDAL IN
LIVESTOCK PROGRAM
on
An embarassing sex scandal has surfaced in our
flock of geese. Some of the ones we thought were
female are male and some of the ones we thought
were
male
female. This is embarassing but
are
derstandable.
birds.
young
Goosegate
It is difficult
to
We' ll give you
imposters
as the
determine
the sex
information
more
are
un-
of
on
exposed.
what
was
going
on
at
their
rear
Sure,
ends.
deadening injections and other methods of blocking
the ear nerves can be used to prevent an animal from
pinning its ears back ( certain breeds of show horses
suffer this), but those procedures stop all
sometime
ear movement.
We observed
the
little
divers
and
they used their ears normally. On the platform, as
they got ready to shove off, all ears were pricked
forward, attention focused ahead.
The diving mules and thier co- stars looked
healthy. We say " looked" because we did not give
DIVING MULES
them
AN EDITORIAL
necessary if we are interested in purchasing the animal being scrutinized. The two little mules are too
small to pull the stage wagon anyway. All the animals
Did
see
you
few
diving
the
Quite
a
cruelty
organizations,
take
if you'
ve
feel
these
of
claims
you know
the act.
the
by
unkind
saw the
forced
case
mules
but did
mules,
you missed it
re
very
do
fair
the act
not even see
ll give you
we'
To wrap up the whole matter the animals were not
forced, they were trained. They were not chained
at the
about
we feel is only
were well cared for.
Now
mules to
dive
which
to
laughed
already
have complained
only ignorant of
anti-
methods.
forcing
mere mortals
those who
In
and have
fair?
state
with
these animals are
mules
about
ANYTHING. If you
are not
at
connected
been reading your Animal News you'
sophisticated
off
people,
Nestea plunge"
the "
mules
some
a hands- on inspection,
together
in any way, as one member of an anti-
cruelty organization reported, but performed singly
and with
no sign
of any "
aids".
We enjoyed
the act.
One coachman suggested that Jake( our lazy mule)
dive off the Palace into a sandbox. That sounds like a
one show act to us.
a report.
The four legged diving team consisted of one
Pony, a black dog, and two pony- size
mules ( remember our discussion of breeding mules
for size). A long ramp secured by several cables led
equipped
up to the padded diving platform which
Shetland
i
was
with
a
stationary
positioned
under the
kickboard.
platform,
pointing down
Four- legged divers, their
right
The
at a
kickboard
little
to the water
angle,
trainer
is
f
;)
i.
more than a
tank below.
reported,
need
a
kickboard in order to control their plunge.
One
at a time
and released.
each animal
Each
was
animal
directed
climbed
to the
r'
by
itself, unaided. At the top each one looked around,
carefully
lowered
itself
on
it'
s
the
•
ramp
ramp
front end with hooves
h
.
1,
fit
CI
i
i, ',,
t.
i,
c.
: -•
c
l
l
�A BRIEF HISTORY OF
THE CARRIAGE WHIP
The length of a stick for four horses should be 5'
1' ",
by Richard Nicoll
Since
them
and stick"
carrot
of
use
work,
daily
have
form
some
been used. So
often
of
more
used
being
has
goad
whip used with it. The
or
punish
to
been associated
always
signal
or
touch
by
or
sound.
first
started
driving the horse to a
wheeled vehicle a whip was employed, consisting of
a wooden handle and leather thong, long enough to
be able to reach any of the horses being driven. No
man
how
matter
vehicle,
driven,
the vehicle was
on
sitting
beside
and
horses
the
of
one
horses,
the
vehicle,
a
from
whether
or
whip of
the
walking
kind
some
used.
until
Up
was
Through
began
with
larly
seventeenth
Through
and
seventeenth
small
a
loop
began,
century
from
stick
this
the
thong
the
it its
giving
of
the numbers
and
availability
The
most
varied
on
butts
Prices
and
mounts (
of
core
Most bow top
bow
these
used
other woods
the hides
were
The
the
brass,
silver,
used in England
whips
though
American
at
cheaper
variety of bow
and America
end
the
industry
whip
the
was
and putting
tops
of better quality from
of
imported
sticks
from England.
In America
during
imported
being
nineteenth
developed
century
duced
the
of
most
so
whip
s
industry
the
of Westfield,
whips were
However
during
industry
the
world'
the
period
American whip
much so that by the twentieth
American
90% of
colonial
the
from England.
century
rapidly,
industry
reputedly
horsewhips (
was
200
focused
around
Massachusetts.
pro-
varieties)
the
They
producing 20 million whips a year, with the prices ranging from 25 cents to$ 25. 00. However, by 1937 only
one factory was left with a minor production.
The
use
art.
A
and
must
good
of
the
whip
must
to make more lashes to beat more horses."
WHY A WHIP?
Why do you carry those whips?" a visitor will ask
a carriage driver. Those who ask this question nearly
always have a look of pure horror on their faces and a
vision of poor Black Beauty being whipped by a
heartless
coachman
in their minds. Carriage drivers
carry" those whips" for communication and safety.
therefore, becomes the only means by which a driver
can touch his animals.
A whip is used for forward motion. When the
command " walk on" is given, if the horses ignore it,
what can the driver do? Yelling the command is
improper, slapping the horses' backs with the reins
like they do on " Bonanza" is downright uncouth, so
you must make an appropriate
application
of the
whip. An appropriate application may be anything
applied appropriately to the lazy beast and the horse
who is working well is not involved. If you spoke to
the lazy horse, the energetic one would hear too.
A whip is used to command attention. If horses are
distracted by their surroundings the whip can be
appropriately
applied to draw one or both horses'
attention back to the coachman. In case of an object
the
whips
together
being gold,
century
the
selling
town
hides of dead horses—
A whip is used to correct one member of a pair
without disturbing the other. For instance, if one
animal is laying back and not pulling, the whip is
so
the whips.
quality and detailing.
ferrules)
also determined
in England,
made
nineteenth
and
the
from a light touch to a brisk smack.
the
materials
used
price,
nickel, and ivory.
the
take
increased
of wood used for
though
Holly,
whips was
stick
Yew, Blackthome, Cane and Malacca, and Hickory
in the United States.
still
should
bow top. As
of
elaborateness
type
popular
inner
driven
being
whip
the
goose quills and
an
characteristic
carriages
carriage
piece
between
quilled top—
being strengthened with
first part of the thong having
whalebone,
the
to a one-
junction
the
a
were
It seems a strange thing when we consider it, that
we
legs, voice, and by shifting his weight in the saddle.
A driver has only the bridle and voice. The whip,
centuries
top from which
and thong
top
says,
classes.
wealthier
and eighteenth
at the
nineteenth
the
whip developed
did
and Horses"
You must communicate with your animals. A rider
is attached.
the
in " Highways
communicates with his mount by means of bridle,
better
whip has
with
As A. Maudslav
particu-
whip used was a stick with a leather
known as a drop thong whip. This
carriage
thong,
As
The slight irony of the horse whip was that the
most popular leather to use for the thongs was horse
driving
more common,
Royalty
the
the
carts or wagons.
carriage
century,
become
to
of
was
driving
most
century,
and
ground
the
the
in Europe
seventeenth
the
done from
the
sticks.
upon which the lash may so often have descended—
When
was
shorter
hide.
horse
the
form of
some
whip
his
used
and
animals
carrot.
than
The
with
domesticated
with
help
to
stick
first
man
and the thong length 12' 6" from the base of the
quills to the point, pairs and singles for both horses
and ponies all having shorter thongs and with ponies,
whilst
driving
be springy
whip
be in proportion
were
a carriage
but
to the weight
not
of
too
the
is
an
soft,
thong.
or activity horses might consider frightening, cornmanding
their attention
could distract them from
shying. This is an important use of the whip for
C. W. coachmen.
The whip is also useful to C. W. drivers as a turn
signal. When approaching an intersection, especially
on crowded days and when tour groups are nearby,
usually the driver will point the whip out to the side
indicating the direction he or she will turn.
Whips are an indispensable part of driving equipment and are used in more ways than covered
here.
They are required by all carriage drivers who wish to
practice good, safe horsemanship. We cam those
whips because we must.
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation, Historic Trades Department.
Kay
Williams,
Editor; Richard
Nicoll, Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 8, November, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Sex Scandal in Livestock Program (Goosegate- it is difficult to determine the sex of young birds.) -- Dividing Mules : An Editorial -- A Brief History of the Carriage Whip / by Richard Nicoll -- Why A Whip?
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Historic Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/da89472437bdb683153bc84cac6fc732.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Zj4StYYapt4wltejaKl9rau9JujMZmtpbFJOxhO1G1EPgeCkUNPRIUoHtOrAOc9u5Aro7ZmwBnh6X31O7CO2U0bJbJWKqKQGZgsSTyC5o9RYdpygtcr0X-dl0DfZqsZ2B9P1Se3ZkczMtDbsy47stapPnc%7EGePNS%7EfyOjC14kNTGawGauGqPjDY907YnW0wUyh5wwYqXUDeWs2Fo2u6nw-GP02jHba3FsmvAhWNHMtb2%7EBc%7Eec9Y1g0PQBfic26lOw-q5iXJB8nHebWJIsWbzCiVYICNCxJYEExjLd9iRRRp%7EVeIJqMBEIsMHi9BiwETwH7nuTO7j0-P%7EjqwgArtjQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
827a5f67f8efabcaacb7ce648f0ad95a
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
A
News
October 1988
Volume I, No. 7
animal to steady the load. To a person travelling mule
back it would be cumbersome extra equipment he' d
i
have to deal with.
timer_
The mule doesn' t have the ability to move as
beautifully or as fast as the horse. Mule chariot races
tried in the Olympics of about 500 B. C. were not as
NEWS
HORSE
Romeo,
Gelderlander
big bay
the
has been
who
last year or so mowing the pasture at
spending
Carter' s Grove with his teeth, has a new position with
the
and
of William
College
the
Mary
of
Professor
as
fast, as spectacular, or as crowd pleasing as the
horses, and so were dropped shortly thereafter. A
mule' s donkey— like neck, shoulders
and hindquarters don' t allow the range of motion and gracefulness
found in many breeds of horses.
When man needed an animal to ride into war he
Bouncing Beginners. This involves teaching college
students to ride. He' s getting along in years and, with
choose the most nimble, the fastest and the one that
be
question. The ability to respond to commands without question is one of the horse' s most valuable traits.
no
prospective partner
ideal for the job. Those
carriages with, will
pull
kids will love him and
college
You'
ve
learning
job
s
TLO at Carter'
little. Dampness
shoes
with
a
to commands
without
to
s
give
Grove
the
old
girl
mare)
mule. A horse can be trained to obey so completely
lately.
big
town
while
and bacteria
fat red
She is
he will become of one mind with his rider and charge
hand. Star is
into battle possessed of the exact same passion and
a
her hooves grow
can cause
special
s
problem.
off and her hooves treated
pulled
were
a
the hoof wall
and break off, which is Star'
to separate
Her
around
to a cart
Star'
Susie (
seen
probably
driven
being
could be trained to respond
It is what makes him more useful to man than the
versa.
vice
on
to
medication.
our
in
on mules
story
issue, Mr. P. Van Tol wrote:
going to do that. His sense of self preservation gets in
the way. Mules have served their time in the military,
but as pack animals and movers of supplies.
While the mule is perhaps the most suitable for
packing and other types of hard work, the horse is
easier to breed, more elegant, faster and more suited
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
After reading
foolishness as the human on his back. A mule is not
"...
now
the
September
read
that we' ve
to many of the past times engaged in by mankind.
Thanks for writing, Mr. Van Tol.
all the good things about mules, how about some info
their
on
would have
else everyone
exist
isn'
features. There
detracting
solely
to
produce
mules
must
be
some
or
and horses would
which
mules—
obviously
t the case."
For several
reasons man
throughout
mules
ficult
breed. Not all
to
preferred
Mules
mares
horses
will accept the
other
will
a
donkeys
so
he will
reserve
dif-
atten-
A
his
over
are more
cover mares.
jack. Not all jacks
is often kept completely isolated
breeding jack
tions
of
has
the centuries.
affections
mule
from
for
the
PRIDE AND MULE PREJUDICE
Xenophon, a great Greek horseman of the 4th
century B. C. wrote about the care of a horse' s mane
and tail advising never top cut them. These omaments were symbols of the creature' s pride bestowed
by the gods. " Because this is so, mares running free
in pasture will not let themselves be approached by
an ass to be mounted so long as their hair is left full,
which is why mule trainers clip [ mare' s tails] in the
spring."
mule breeding mares.
While a mule has many highly desirable physical
qualities, he lacks just a little in this department that
would
broaden
mule' s
back is
the
not
scope
as
of his
suited for
usefulness.
the
saddle as
The
Alk ,.
the
r
i
---
horse' s. In many cases a mule' s back is so flat he
must wear a crupper( narrow strap around the tail) or
britching ( wide strap around the hindquarters) to
keep a saddle from sliding too far forward when
travelling down hill and a breast collar to keep it from
sliding backward
when
going up hill. This would be
A ,,
y,•:' ..
1
t
3'.
i`
z-
4+
1
e =•
4 "
�DECISIONS
IN POULTRY
By Richard
Managing
ing
critical
flock
the
as
to a
assessment
given variety, requires
of each bird' s value
established
standards
removed
selectively
toward
to
that
ongo-
century practice that allows visitors to connect meat
to the
consumption with the lives and deaths of other crea-
not meet
malformed,
be
A poulterer must approach his flock with the
of
affection necessary to insure proper, humane care of
ends
at
during
removal,
swift
Any
severe
chick' s
the
but head
growth
and
leg
affect
especially critical.
Three primary factors
hatching, when
the
from
emerge
the
developed
incompletely
or
promptly destroyed.
that appears
tures.
the animals,
small percentage of birds which
are
keting thrusts by modern producers of yellow skinned
birds. The Williamsburg product can be finished
with the head and feet remaining, an 18th and 19th
perpetuation
the
Elimination of individuals begins
egg weak,
were preferred by consumers before the recent mar-
must
these
prevent
do
his-
defects.
their
that
specific
considered
are
Individual birds
a whole.
of
maintenance
which
characteristics
torically essential
store bought birds. For example, chickens raised at
the Foundation have the white skin and flesh that
flock, and
mature
physical
Powell
poultry for the combined goals of effiand egg production, the physical vigor of
cient meat
the
MANAGEMENT
genetic defect
is
for its
cause
deformities
are
balanced
against
the detachment
re-
quired of one who will eventually kill more than half
of the poultry he hatches. In a well maintained flock
only 30% of
the
females and 5% of the males will be
kept to sexual maturity, while perhaps less than 5%
of the total will ultimately be used in the breeding
pens of subsequent years. Diligent selection produces a healthier, more efficient flock that is self—
fate of
normal
a
perpetuating and economically tenable.
young bird: its physical vigor; its growth rate; and its
general
desired
to characteristics
conformation
by
poulterer. When evaluating a complete flock, the
may also decide to favor certain unremark-
the
manager
able
individuals,
line,
the retention
they
when
of which may add
diversity and, consequently,
of the flock. Injuries that
function
as an
represent
equal
to the
their opinion on the subject of work. Some answered
to the
the question, some pretended they didn' t hear the
question. Here are some of the choice replies.
genetic
health
birds ability to
flock will require
a
of the
member
his removal.
Selection
favor young females because of
anticipated egg production. Females are
docile and compatible than males, which often
be separated
at an
early
Undesirable
birds
agony.
or
number
of
males
are
disposed of in several
ways.
for
qualities, yet are not the very best
breeding stock, may be transferred to
individuals
who
wish
to start new
to
willing
flocks
their
stock
gradually up— grade
into further generations. At Colonial Williamsburg such birds are reserved for other
through
selection
museums,
publicize
their
or
the
Some of these other horses around here think I' m a
for persons
Foundation'
poultry related
and things like that, and am always picked to pull the
anything. I have a job to do and I do it come helicopters, fifes, drums, hell or high water.
Prince (
Star (
are
advantageous
are
I like work.
But I get to do this stuff because I' m not scared of
severely injured birds are killed to end
Birds that are vigorous and exemplify
other
and
authoress):
must
or
their
interested
mare,
carriage with the most important fancy people in it.
prevent fighting. As
breed) up to twelve hens
small
effectively, a relatively
needed in each flock.
available
Percheron
more
to
age
rooster can cover(
Malformed
Topsy (
privileged character because I get to go to parades
tends to
their
a single
All employees have participated in an employee
survey so we thought we' d ask a few of our animals
distinct blood
long— term
affect
ANIMAL SURVEY RESULTS
who
s
are
likely to favorably
livestock program through
activities.
Topsy'
cart
s
partner):
Cookie?
What work? TLO stinks. But I
horse):
know I' m not completely forgotten. My feet just
need to grow.
Toby ( chair horse): Do I have to? Really? OK, I
guess.
Jake(
lazy mule): Work? They just don' t feed you
enough around here.
good mule): If Jake didn' t have such a beer
belly he might be able to help me work. Sometimes
I get so mad at him for being such a goldbrick I bite
him. But I don' t really care what he does, I love to
work. I just wish they' d get rid of those icky manhole
Jock(
covers.
The majority of culled( removed) birds are healthy
individuals that have no particular promise as producers or breeders. About 80% of all young males
Bill( Percheron):
Work? Oh, I like it. I just luuuuv
people.
Bruce( Bill'
s
partner):
Please scratch my tummy.
will be in this group, the members of which are
destined for
are
raised
use
in historic
to about
carry enough flesh
four
area
kitchens. These birds
months
to warrant
of
age,
when
they
culinary preparation.
The illustrations used in this month' s Animal News
are from the Ladies Amusement or. Whole Art of
Japanning Made Easy. London, c. 1758-62.
At that time they are slaughtered, scalded and plucked,
gutted,
washed and frozen until needed.
The historic Kitchen
from
the
inexpensive
certain
qualities of the
used in
the
QUESTIONS?
Program benefits
not
supply, but also
carcass, which resemble
18th century
meat
more
closely
than
do
only
from
those
modern _
Animal
COMMENTS?
Editor,
Please
write to:
Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News Is published by Coach and LiveMHW.
stock Operations, Historic Trades Department.
Kay
Williams,
Editor; Richard Nicoll,
Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 7, October, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Horse News -- Letter to the Editor -- Pride and Mule Prejudice -- Decisions in Poultry Management / by Richard Powell -- Animal Survey Results
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/45070b130cecafe634641cf0be0bb4a8.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=SeRibn2BFA3JC1%7EoeyGyoxbrgTBuRfjo2wy4S48CrrKCT1L%7EqXv3V7DkwtIjihqKr1xhYxvp1T7EmsOEJJUZlnmRqGX-Vr10CnHXq33SRV-nR6KsPVTwjPkuNLLcpeQOqDJIR81ncqSC%7EKtRLjs73gHS7wmd-6iwKSohJlLhtCSeiPdvNPDsbQz%7EDjV3CPjJSjtctJ8q8NohIIWk7wpY8l5ylMhlk2MTuClP2TChMuANlNvNdoD9sAImcVcscPenTjaGG-uPLGDvTmYw7u1RLbvjOuPvTHjeRDKE--dRy7w9wtzE9H9G-ZbFPaPGZHVwUgvjNnUpwpZwWe-SYyLt4g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
abcf0b96d9e9bdc148def99b999c416d
PDF Text
Text
12-,
4
ET FILE
PAMP
*,;
AcN1y„,
o
RECORD
The Colonial
Williamsburg
CO PY •
o1
e
wIL`+
N
A
September 1988
Volume I, No. 6
MULE NATURE
a.
You know Jake and Jock don'
mules
grey
pull
who
the
stage
You may
Mules
really know
not
than a suffix
are more
them
i
the ones
wagon —
visitors call horses because they are " too big to be
mules."
,
you? Our pair of
t
fi-
1`° t' : '`
all.
after
f
to the
phrase" stub-
A
A
born
A mule is a cross between a male donkey
as a...»
jack, and
a
hybrid and
a
female horse—
cannot
different
produce
a muleyou
have
asks,
belief that
the
some
in
exploits
of
is it
mule
is
to
male
boy,
Actually
she'
ll
want.
and
in
are,
take
r
Paints
spotted
or
will
Jock is quite
a
off
mule skinners among us, but when looked at from the
mule' s point of view are just common sense self-
act
more
Don Juan and
by
or
molly, also
Once in
these
fully
comes
a
while
great
extremely rare
were a horse—
when
too
are"
the wrong color to be
breed for any size or color
you
Breed a big draft mare like Topsy
are
for
this)
large breed of
to a
for pulling
child'
a
s cart or
jacks
Mules got
of
that' s
fun
to
to ride.
and/
get colorful
mules
or
one
a
carrying
of
for
visitors
get
a mule out
of her."
horse foal would be
mule
tion.
long
because
ago
breeding.
bad tempered, nasty, shrewish
good enough to produce
to the local jack with the
ask.
often
stubbornness
way they were bred. Not so
people had a terrible theory of mule
a
as
breeds of
the
their
or
anything
else
suspicious.
Some Patriot Tour
feet in possible " danger".
leaders have probably felt the mule- skinner of the
day was trying to run the group down when in fact the
grease spot, and a strategically spilled drink, a road
with only one small P. T. on it can be thoroughly
blocked. The safest place to drive (from the mules'
perspective) may be straight toward a group of people.
No, we aren' t trying to make the morning news for
murder by mules, we' re just trying to avoid inflicting
whiplash on our passengers.
A mule' s self-centered ways extend to the feed
trough and water bucket, too. You likely will never
hear of a mule who has suffered
colic or founder.
These are two common disorders related to ill-timed
eating and drinking which can at worst kill a horse or
render
him
useless.
It would be the extremely rare
mule who would accept food when he is too hot, eat
the
farmer had
such
mares
mules.
stubborn?"
their reputation
Use
They will
jerk to a stop and waggle their ears, refusing to place
cc.
vers
bred ' skinner had no choice. Between a manhole cover, a
can
me
For instance, Jake and Jock do not step on man-
a
film.
and "
preservation.
hole
on
also sterile.
Appaloosas
Aren' t
ry
Now there are some factors of mule personality
young rider. Breed a nice riding mare to a wellmannered long striding jack and you will have a
mule
6
u'
which may be construed as stubbornness by the non-
donkey, such as the Mammoth jack, and you' ll get a
large, heavy work mule. Breed a Shetland Pony mare
to a tiny Siberian jack and you' ll have a little pleasure
saddle
.'
to
order
their minds
horses
gelding
our
be fertile. In
spit on
mule suitable
i
Male
female.
or
Visitors think Jake and Jock
mules"
you
r.+
4
true mules
produces offspring as if she
when bred to a
jack, horse foals
be
to
mules."
i'
When
sexless.
like horses
mule,
she
to a stallion.
I
a
to a mare.
foals
mule
big
neither
visitors
molly proves
cases she
a
a cross
pasture have been recorded
the
female
The
equipped, but
are
a whisper,"
tractable
than others,
few astonished
a
are
gelded,
As
girls.
studdish
his
be
them more
make
;"
,
they are expressing the erroneous
mules
must
mules
mules
in
usually
sex?"
no
breed ajack
must
is
she,
is
mule
10
r ,,
Every time you wish to
species.
Some folks believe
someone
He, or
reproduce.
between
A
a mare.
i
.
many
If a
mare,
not
poor quality food, overeat, over drink when hot or
drink dirty, brackish water. Our Jake and Jock will
only drink out of the automatic waterers which operate by float and shun the ones with the nose lever.
When they come in from work in the afternoon they
horse, they would take her
attitude,"
well, at least I can
don' t shove their noses in their grain and gobble like
That'
mare' s
munch a little hay as an appetizer.
would her
Some other special advantages
a
s
rich.
undesirable,
foal be any better? So
mules
If
why
got
a
this
bad
reputa-
the horses will. They wait a little while and perhaps
on
their suitability
small,
boxy
and
to
hard work.
stronger
than
to mules center
Mule hooves are
horse hooves.
They
�don'
t
sore
get
footed
as
endure
hardships, such
westward trek
the
not
ability
mule' s
little food and
as
do
to
their shoes
This, plus the
quickly.
favorite for
them a
easily and
as
loosen
water, made
Oregon
the
over
trail.
favorite with George Washington,
a
were
He envisioned
But
By Deni Fulp
A rose by any other name wouldst smell as
sweet... but what about a goose? I can' t say they have
to them,
much " smell"
Mules
too.
GOOSE NAMES, ETCETERA
he did
good,
a
large Spanish
and
right mares,
few of
since ancient
s mules "
wife'
can make
to
of
the
a
were
due to his regal bearing, his exploring and warrior—
like nature.
have
s
Aloysius simply suits this gander. He responded
to this name the first time he heard it.
Cyrano—
with a neb like his, who could pass up
farrier
a name such as Cyrano? Unlike Cyrano DeBergerac,
for Jake
this is one fellow not likely to fight a thousand duels.
the
topsiders
classy
Alexander was named after Alexander the Great
and his
gold"
Maybe
silver."
these
which are distinctive and appropriate.
Emperor Nero'
be" shod with
shod with
some
up
jack, finding
times.
finally. Our gaggle of six Embden geese bear names
easy task.
an
producing disease
he encountered. Mules
reported
mules were
be
to
carriages.
abortion-
the problems
been popular
find
not
his
pull
mules
mules
breeding
Obtaining
having
but ours do have names,
and Jock?
Roxanne is a natural match to Cyrano.
Gwendolyn is a saintly name, and this little girl is
MULES DEFINED
Mule,
mongrel kind of
a
generated
between
between
horse and
a
of
monster
a middle
is
careful
an ass
a
quadruped,
and
a mare,
The
she ass.
usually
sometimes
is
mule
a
of
sort
between its parents, and
of propagating
avoid
to
nature
and
nature
incapable
therefore
nicely behaved.
filling
its
species,
so
world with
the
monsters.
mules
No
none
draught
our
creatures
so sure
than
Goose has a
nice ring to it for the character of the creature.
Leda, Queen of Sparta, was seduced by Zeus
after he had taken the form of a swan. She became the
of Helen of
mother
Troy.
In spite of our subject
matter being geese, as opposed to swans, this classic
Greek mythological
worth 40
are so
footed.
16 hands high,
or
50 ( pounds)
gether, with
backs. It is a
They
horses, and
propagated
six
or
wonder
eight
are
much
are often
stronger
than
hundred
as
they
horses, and
so
set as
to-
months
upon their
are
not
more
much hardier
less
are
diseases, and will live and work
thick
weight
are
for
stronger
as
that these creatures
in England,
a
proper for large burdens,
horses, and will travel several
dray
and
our
are
or
15
are sometimes
and the best of them
and
Gwendolyn
tale is the basis for our Leda' s
name.
The
piece.
Besides
subject
to twice the age
to
of
a
horse."
From The Farrier'
Dictionary by
s
and Horseman'
Thomas Wallis, London,
s
Complete
1764.
To clear up any misconceptions, it is important
to state that geese, swans and ducks are different.
Biologically speaking they are of the same family,
that
of
water
fowl.
When you consider the genus,
phylum and species the similarities end.
Proper terms for geese are as follows: Gander
—
a male;
a
goose —
female;
geese —
males and
females collectively; gaggle—
the group. Geese are
territorial and protective. Our geese are no exception
to this law of nature. Throughout history, in addition
to making a lovely main course for dinner, geese
have proved valuable as watch- geese in place of
watch- dogs and alarm systems. They will sound off
a loud clear alarm honk should an intruder approach
and they will go to an offensive defense should they
I i r'
be surprised or threatened. Geese have actually been
known to fight to the death using their razor sharp toe
i'°
nails, to protect someone or something which they
consider"
1
hisses
a /
A
l
1
consider
are not like dogs who can be brought under complete
k''
Our geese are in the process of being
taught their manners, and are learning the meaning of
no!"
Hopefully they will be able to someday join
submission.
r
i .
n
i .
1, )
the ranks of those who travel down the Duke of
1.
1 -:'.
at you,
If a perturbed goose or gander
yourself well— warned.
Geese can be trained to a certain extent, but they
e}
1.
theirs".
Gloucester street.
k .
y' •
QUESTIONS?
1 )
e.,
1;:
E.
44_'
COMMENTS?
Please
write to: Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial
Williamsburg Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock Operations, Historic Trades Department. Kay
Williams, Editor; Richard Nicoll, Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 6, September, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Mule Nature -- Mules Defined -- Goose Names, Etcetera / by Deni Fulp
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/84b41c37a4b8cfcb743c06b6c716a0d4.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=RX0Qa6U733fZvV7YVfFdDSmUGFz2zq7t4L4Hi00NvFJVRdP3fi-CwM-yRxrPwBBFLbs7NtjtoRZ0%7EfDHq2OUde3P19qgCpy12Es9PKeBIxeuFuusPhzFrv8pJnGReGu2%7EPgSogKG9J8svvyWeJMzfD1ttl8KHQS8Ha1wwSClh4%7Ekw6%7E6F%7EFqq8wdoo-0gaeBTAgjUl9tQ1RPz-JcOKEnDClqv6Sz8yvl3CjbvJlpV1i-Zg%7ErR%7E4rHJttDd2Z6yLH0EuOc5gCTJFamnxwJK%7E02Hk11CmeetbRpZX-Tx3EHgitKqMVo9RNRuIqgk9IzuWyE9rMzAmNGgwJNBE2R3O1hQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
d4ac6c07d541090a92cc3f03b7c484e5
PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
News
A
August 1988
Volume I, No. 5
voice, as well. These reactions suggested that the
NEW SHEEP IN 1989
birds had been removed from the nest before bonding
Richard Nicoll
By
Since
in
bringing
English Leicester Ram and
an
with their natural mother, and were ready to adopt a
have been working
we
early spring
on
some ewes
from Tasmania. This has involved working with an
agent in Canada who was doing the purchasing for us
and taking
of
care
required to carry out a project as this.
Hanging over us throughout these
been
deadline. To get
a
had
we
be
sure
ewes
wanted
we
they had been bred
May),
or
pregnant 32 days later, and
were
they
has
months
been March, April
have
would
to
pregnant
them right after
to select
which
check
the
details
paperwork
the numerous
go through the
quarantine procedures in Australia and Canada to get
where they would
them to Colonial Williamsburg
then
had
we
enough
just
time
21
have given birth approximately
bred.
All
to
relied
this
get all
that we
after
being
would be
able
ducks"( sheep) in a row. But one duck
get in line— the Canadian Quarantine
to
where
speak. This
start on the
had
we
to
reserve
unable
we were
project and
importation until
to
thus we
so
room",
a "
do because of
have had
to
to
more
will be held in
Sheep Conference
fund
the
to
next
to
out this
carry
project will have
time
more
grow, so that we may bring in more ewes.
We will keep you informed as we get nearer
to
Time ' 89.
Sheep
confidence and develop even greater control over the
young birds.
Geese, particularly Embdens, gain weight very
rapidly. The goslings followed nature and grew so
quickly that existing pens would no longer accommodate them. To compensate for cramped quarters,
the handlers decided to range the goslings on grass
during the day. It was soon found that the goslings
would willingly follow a familiar person to fresh
grass, so they were taken on walks of gradually
creased
length
in search
in-
of the tender clover that
young geese prefer. At the same time, children of
employees were invited to
visit and playwith the
geese, in order to prevent the birds from accepting
our
spring, which our agent will be attending. There he will be able to personally pick the
sheep for us, which is to our advantage. Meanwhile
Tasmania
tones, other handlers were able to gain the goslings'
adults only.
cancel
year. We will then have
bookings done early.
Bonding between the goslings and the handler
was encouraged by frequent contact, and was focused by a limited set of words and voice tones used
in their presence. Later, by using these words and
to
late
our
next
get all our
Also, the World
time
fact
weeks
our"
refused
station
the
on
to
foster parent.
Knowing that the strength of imprinting would
fade as the geese matured, the handlers also began to
carry a switch to direct the goslings with gentle prods
and waving motions. The combination of physical
and vocal signals allowed
more control over the
goslings, and permitted the handlers to drive them
from behind when they were reluctant to follow.
The initial handler eventually withdrew from
work with the geese, while the husbandmen/ inter-
preters increased their contact. The short walks to
clover were constantly extended until the goslings
began commuting to public appearances at the
NEWS RELEASE ON GEESE
By
rived
April,
stable
gift from
experienced
hatching
pared
the
the
a
one
local farmer
Since
new
ten
days,
first of many
stay in
the
imprinting
handler.
and
They
water,
their
but
where
or
whose
growth
flock had
of
a
just
successful
facilities had been prethey were placed in a
they remained for
increasing
moves to
size
about
demanded
larger quarters.
During
the
their
the Palace Green.
With no space left at the stable, the goslings were
moved to the Deane Ravine in early June. From there
handlers were better able to lead the geese to interpre-
five sites near the Geddy House. The Ravine also
offers adequate shade, water and grass, allowing the
geese to live well on their own.
So far the young geese have proven very popular
with the staff and visitors alike. Names have been
goslings showed signs of
forming a parental bond with, their
chosen from English tradition and classical legend to
food
continue to be well behaved adolescents, save for a
brooder,
on,
no
arrivals,
brooder full of chicks,
when
white
explosive
season.
for
Embden goslings arSunday afternoon in early
hatched
freshly
at the
a
town in the tumbril with Star for interpretations on
Powell
Richard
Six
carpenter' s yard. Occasionally they even rode across
were
to the
the
seen
not
to
responding
only
handler' s physical presence and
fit each bird' s developing personality. The geese
few flights of
fancy.
�and there are adult visitors present who scowl or
INTERPRETING WITH ANIMALS
Den'
By
appear to be thinking" Aha! So HOW are you going
Fulp
The Coach
importance
and Livestock
department
to answer THAT one!"
has
an
dons. Animals are one of the thing young children
really enjoy here at C. W. Many do not have the
can
ability
tation
fine furniture, enjoy the presenof historical facts, nor have palates which will
more than
visit
a
to
fast food
a
restaurant.
There
are
of people these days
numbers
greater
only experience with animals such as we have
C. W. is through reading books, watching
whose
at
T.V., going
all- too-
to the zoo, the
drive
Sunday
rare
out in the country, fond memories of a farm childhood or hearing grandpa talk about days long ago.
Those
greatly limit
experiences
for
opportunities
close- up observation, a chance for touching, hearing
animal
and taking in
sounds
to
smells
thoroughly
appreciate the animals.
Interaction with
peutic in
of
a number
thera-
I have observed
ways.
be
adult
proved
harried looks
or
to
faces
their
on
perhaps from trying to take in as much as possible in
a short amount of time) who,
coming to a pasture with
sheep, cows or horses, slow down to a stop, lean
against
have
fence and watch and talk
the
In passing
within.
The end result
being
have transformed
Seeing
they
about
still there
ani-
the
animals,
other
I
expressions
into much gentler, happier feasmile
genuine smiles when
with C. W. animals is heart
contact
warming. As for myself, I have grown very fond of
the animals here.
After
finding
having worked
that there
dairy farm,
on a modern
aspects
are
of animal
use
I'
it
when
was so
cold
would
the tractor
and
having a pair of trained oxen
bale of hay would have been a
The
for
C. W.
be
pull
to
have missed
full impact
the
not start,
out a
large
provided the
emo-
closeness
and
or
misbehavior)
but, you may
ve considered
you'
emotions;
unless
position we Livestock Husbanders are in during
interpretation and the animals follow through with
what
an
normal
record
bodily
that
however,
functions.
I find
feelings. I
am
break
children
How gross!"
I' d
just
in
Or
to borrow a cow from Susie English in Toano, who
also provides us with the goats we use each year at the
Colonial Fair.
to state
choruses
when
adults
when
or
shock in
for
The Jersey cow is an old English breed, coming
from the Isle of Jersey in the English Channel. Jersey
is very close to France and although it has been under
English
rule
since
1204,
these
cattle
were
often
called French or Alderney cattle until the 18th century.
1
is
Thebreedrelatively small, ranging in color
the
bulge from their head, a large dish or dent between
their eyes and a fine thin face which ends in a large
muzzle.
The breed has been adapted over many generalions on the island to produce a high amount ofcream
or
butterfat in
their
milk. Jerseys
average
5% fat in
their milk. The average Holstien ( black and white
spotted
has 3. 5% fat.
cattle)
People on the Isle of Jersey were very strict about
keeping the Jersey a pure breed and as early as 1763
they enacted laws to prevent the importation of other
cattle to the Island. The Jersey cow enjoyed wide
popularity in the 19th and early 20th centuries and
even today remains the second most popular dairy
Sissy is 5 years old and her third calf was born in
February. She is very friendly and well mannered.
when
of pressure
about
met with such success, we were very unhappy none
of our Devons were in milk this summer. We decided
breed.
and
questions
like
Sissy, the Jersey cow, has joined our staff for the
summer and is providing milking demonstrations
twice daily. As last year' s milking demonstrations
such
that question
seconds
OUR COLONIAL JERSEY COW
whose responses evoke
facially express" Boy, I' m glad
answer
thanks for taking care of me."
It is,
amused
out
say, "
this.
no amusement
the audience
seems to
several characteristics which make them easy to
identify. They have large brown eyes which almost
variety of
a
that
behavior (
for such
the cause
snuggling rub against us, or a face- to- face caress, that
from very light brown to almost black. The Jersey has
much welcomed
have
also
imagining
of animal
observation
be
at
me to experience
You may
tions.
might
here
animals
For us Livestock Husbanders it comes in a look, a
m
solution.
atmosphere
to strollers or folks in wheelchairs to pet him; when
little Arthur, the oldest of this year' s lambs, walks
right up to the fence, lays down, and allows the
children to touch and pet him; when Star eagerly
nods her head as people tell her what a good girl she
is; or when our popular visiting Jersey cow, Sissy,
gives those melting looks with her big brown eyes.
the
from
18th century that would be wise for the present- day
farmer to reconsider. There were days on that dairy
farm
come when Tom, the horse, drops his head for babies
half hour later.
a
that those strained
visitors
in
come
for
to care
the same visitors
seen
tures.
respond in gentle ways. For our visitors these times
By Elaine Shirley
has
animals
with stressed
visitors
mals
and there are tender moments, too, when the animals
to appreciate
revel in anything
here
There are fun times when the animals are playful
beyond carriage rides and interpreta-
folks
giggle, when
of" Oooh, yuck!" or
either
it'
s
not me!"
children
verbalize
YOU
that
There
raise
intimate animal activity (
has
are
or
QUESTIONS?
to
to:
split
sensitive
or
parts),
Animal
liamsburg
Coach and
COMMENTS?
Editor,
MHW.
Please write
Colonial
Animal News Is published
Livestock
Trades Department.
Operations,
Wil-
by
Historic
Kay Williams, Editor;
Richard Nicoll, Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 5, August, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
New Sheep in 1989 / by Richard Nicoll -- News Release on Geese / by Richard Powell -- Interpreting with Animals / by Deni Fulp -- Our Colonial Jersey Cow / by Elaine Shirley
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Historic Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/d2e60f307a745f85b3ad40ccbb26ae2c.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=eoEMaHw-HSGjjLMitTFnqnJ1RVLF98CcljTlXle3bYyzmsJFOG%7E4MRzysu1%7EG-Q%7EBhNWR3qDD9iQH9A5l8qOs8Lm%7E4uZXUdmiRDZ4ZcwCSUS6jbmsZ1W5GiG6dtCiemzCzaX2dbm6rfDylmJAoIqscVXtQFpwO3yEEyaj4DpOnfTF3t3C3cLhnmz5PHH%7El%7EOkXGXflpyCWAO15AH7KqLkrhnUnqLQjw3lzTs1QvvSKifRV4NaWSBP-d3d%7EYwuBcIJBkwspjkGX-3shfdcO70P-B6NmWLjMJFiNuGsxdS5ORcIvkhczvCfSbNMHThNuiCfINfVT56zRBC2i67nY6F6A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
89d869bf70845afc7a9ca1d57357c8b4
PDF Text
Text
The Colo
Colonial
Williamsburg
Animal News
Volume I, No. 4
July 1988
BARN CATS ON MOUSE PATROL
ti!
K•
±
by Karen V. Smith
When entering the barn you may feel something brush up against your leg or hear a piercing
meow. You have just been caught by the mouse
`
patrol. Ethel and Lucy are on duty 24 hours a day.
x
ODE TO A ( FINALLY)
Joy
and
rapture
has
We keep our new mouse patrol kittens in tip
top shape with the help of Dr. Meryl Lessinger,
COW
PREGNANT
D. V. M.,
staff
come over our
of Animal Clinic of Williamsburg. Dr.
Lessinger has vaccinated our patrollers for feline
For Alice, the Red Devon heifer' s in calf!
distemper which is an air- borne virus and highly
ll surely produce
A bouncing Red Devon bovinian papoose.
We' re jumping with gladness, we' re bursting
respiratory tract.
This corning
she'
winter
with pride,
contagious among cats. This virus affects the upper
Ethel and Lucy have been vaccinated for
feline leukemia( F.E. I. V.) which is another air- borne
For Alice
NEW SHEEP
on
when
and how
our
sheep from New Zealand will
has been delayed due to an animal traffic tie up
English
arrive
at the
has died!"
UPDATE
Further information
new
bunny
s"
Leicester
Canadian
solid for quite
list. We seem
problems
Station.
Quarantine
time
some
and
we
are
on
booked
the
They
are
waiting
be experiencing some of the same
visitors do when
seeking Historic Area
our
to
at
accommodations
Grand Illumination
time.
named Rod has
purchased
joined
the
1/ 2 months in training at
Curtis. Jim,
was
a
cross
CWF Stable.
spring and has
earlier this
gelding
Rod was
Fredericksburg with
Mel,
one
of
the
It is O. K. for
a
reported
than dogs because they are so agile and elusive.
Rabies can be transmitted
animal to animal as well as
animal to HUMAN. Rabid raccoons have been found
as close as New Kent County. There is a new state
law in effect as of July 1, 1988, which states that all
The last and final requirement
for the mouse
patrol was family planning. Since the job requires
who
Dr. Lessinger spayed our young cats.
We are happy to report that since Lucy and
pair. Watch for Rod
Ethel took office, not a single mouse has been seen
horses
on the
C. W. horse
But our mouse patrol is also vaccinated for
RABIES. Cats that are rabid are far more dangerous
Robert
cross
who
arrived early
suited for working on pavement. An appropriate
home for him has been found. This had nothing
antics
distemper are just transmitted in cats only.
speed and agility, it would be hard to perform with
this
to be a
spring, has failed to meet the requirements
Colonial Williamsburg carriage horse. He is not
with his
Both F. E. I. V. and feline
can
little ones following you; and besides that, there are
too many unwanted cats and kittens in the world. So
partners with Romeo last year, accompanied
as a
F.E. I. V.
last 2-
spent the
black 5- year- old Percheron
Rod and they were worked
and Jim on the Street.
a tumor that can occur in
virus.
domestic cats must be vaccinated for rabies.
HORSES COMING AND GOING
A grey 8- year- old Percheron
leukemia ( a blood cell
almost any tissue or organ).
Red Devon'
cause
cancer) or lymphosarcoma(
the
to
new
to
do
back page of this issue.
have a sense of humor.
alive.
Here' s a schedule of vaccinations you should
follow for your cat:
FELINE DISTEMPER: first vaccination at 7
to 8 weeks of age; repeat every 3 to 4 weeks until 14
weeks old; annual booster.
FELINE LEUKEMIA: first vaccination at 9
weeks; second 3 weeks later; third 3 months later;
SAD NEWS FROM THE FLOCK
Linsey,
from
a
one
of
disease called
Dr. Steve Chapman,
our
new
coxcidia.
the vet who
annual booster.
lambs, died,
She
was
likely
by
treated
saved Beltane and
Quentin, but without success. Tell the kids in your
life that the little angels needed a lamb to play with.
Have fun
Linsey.
RABIES: first vaccination at 4 months of
age, good for one year; next vaccination in a year will
be good for 3 years.
�CATCHER IN THE WRY
HORSE
Mel,
talents
of
one
of his halter and
tail. When
of
out
running up the hill, flagging his
our horses we always
try to use
that
ropes
halter did
s
He Houdinied himself
went
tie
we
halters and
Mel'
day.
to us the other
little closer but don' t walk straight to him. If the horse
horses, showed off one of his
the new
not
easily broken. But,
wiggled out
not
are
break. He
somehow
halter he had been securely tied with before. He
Houdinied himself to freedom.
a
As Mel
parking lot and
took
for
went
a
s team mate,
trucks,
Mr. Nicoll took
though Mel gladly left, it wouldn'
would all of a sudden discover he
would surely die
good
was as
t
be
long before
to
run over you.
catch him with
and
alone
wasquite
without her. In other words,
bait
a
he
their
with him because,
Molly
as a
Molly
bucket of
The
gang headed for the York Street
pasture because that is where Mel and Molly were
last turned out. Horses often return to familiar places
rest
they
of
the
feel
safe. (
Which is why
horses refusing
about
g
A loose horse runningfree can be a prettysight,
but he can be a danger to himself and others. If you
see one, make the right phone calls, stop traffic, and
don' t excite the animal.
grain.
where
grain, lead shank, and halter.
If the horse, like Mel, runs to an enclosure, just
shut the gate, or block the entrance. Don' t be afraid
to stand your ground if you are acting as a human
gate. If you stand your ground and stare at the horse,
he will turn away from you. But that doesn' t mean
you can corner him. If you try to tightly corner an
anxious horse he may become fearful. Then he would
the
and followed. Others
grabbed buckets of grain, jumped in
and headed for the York Street pasture.
at the stable
He' ll likely come to you and give you a sniff. And, if
it' s during normal working hours you can probably
be of biggest help by just letting the horse graze and
keeping visitors away and quiet. Someone from the
stable or Security will show up shortly with bucket of
al-
through
merry
Nicholson Street, Mr. Nicoll
on to
Molly, Mel'
canter
really seems antsy, sit down. Horses are curious.
leave
to
there' s a truism
their stalls
the
when
Meanwhile, back
we, being
suddenly made aware of the Amazing Mel and his
at the main
Houdini act, and its lack of entertainment value, will
be sure he gets tied with very close fitting headgear
from now on.
barn is burning down.)
Mel loped up Nicholson Street and into the fenced
stable
yard
clever
fellow
Powell House,
at the
where a
The stable gang spotted him on the way to York
Street and he
fussed
duly
was
at
and
over.
lucky. A horse on the loose is in
great danger, especially from motor vehicles. AnyNow Mel
driving
one
was
who
spots
r
kind and
a
loose horse should stop,
Richmond, July 26, 1799
FOR S ALE
or
A Remarkable Fine Stout
The horse may seem calm, but anystartle him and cause him to
leap foolishly
caution.
thing
can
JACK AS S
into the path of a vehicle. Like Mel, any loose horse
will soon discover the price of freedom is separation
from his buddies.
A horse is
kind
can
a
herd animal. Separation from his
cause
great anxiety
and fear. If you
own
see
a
loose animal, stop all traffic. We don' t worry about
our bus drivers. Their skill is known. Other drivers
may
not
know
what to
do.
Stop them
if a loose animal
is nearby.
While
horse may be anxious because he' s
found himself alone, he will take note of the luscious
grass and
the
other
Landscape.
so
munchies
carefully maintained
by
"'•:
The Virginia Gazette and General Advertizer
at the very least proceed extremely slowly and with
great
''
t
closed the gate behind him.
employee,
NOW in high perfection and equal in
size and strength to any in America—
Indeed superior to most animals of his
kind—
and famous for getting large,
strong mules. He is 4 feet 9 inches high—
got by Royal Gift ( the property of Gen.
Washington) out of a very large mare,
and is 8 years old this Spring. He may be
seen at Petersburg,&
particulars known
on application to the Printer hereof.
He will start to eat if allowed to settle
down for a moment. So there' s really no point in
trying
to chase
a
horse
on
foot. Not only
can
the
walk towards him. Let him graze
him get his mind
even
eve
a
little
while.
Let
grass. Give him a chance
Since his buddies are not around he may
come to you.
contact.
on
good
Don'
t stare at him
sign
and don'
of hostility.
to
40 '
horse
run faster, but if he thinks he' s being chased, he may
panic. But try to see where he' s going. Use the phone.
Cal Security and let them know. Call the building he
seems to be heading towards.
If a loose horse stops near you, don' t immediately
to relax.
stable—
t make
Try_tojet
a
QUESTIONS?
Please
write
to:
iw•'•
COMMENTS?
Animal Editor, MHW.
Colonial Williamsburg Animal News is
published by Coach and Livestock Operations, Historic Trades
Williams,
Editor;
Department.
Richard
Nicoll,
Kay
Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 4, July, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Ode to A (Finally) Pregnant Cow -- New Sheep Update -- Horses Coming and Going -- Sad News from the Flock -- Barn Cats on Mouse Patrol / by Karen V. Smith -- Horse Catcher in the Wry --
For Sale A Remarkable Fine Stout Jack Ass
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/9bf730baa90a28371aa9c5236be6dff6.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=bxQTACBW3qjbDUn9QDAaE-XTw1FBCa3PMi2TuxkzM-ufT16KTE8M8ltXNx7DhKzG1HrW7pOK83kQL9MyLpHMn5ZwO73G8m9dQeghtbtxH5%7EfS%7Ebv-g2kv-2FWCTcUo-%7E58o3NFMG7dDBnQBRK6lw0BqmVPmwr6D0p2Eec7lF52s7K9FVWeggScM-xoC6DY4Os15NeDRDJuvMhc2j4KjR1PAYY2lERWOCkPP-p2IBUhSVbUFOECSim6qDDeN2PUHMGaudMAVt4Q4q9NnNZ6aidGHkeNobgYmpB14-hNNUSVuYO%7E6GdQ8TTbftGxQyxmsNr1UYI%7Eckg72LybrYNcfn%7Eg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
3d38961658241f08f33c9e7820527a8a
PDF Text
Text
acHtle
Mary
Volume
I
3
No .
Hall
PAMPHLET FILE
1988
June
GOD
The
Co (
o
s,
Williamsburg
onia (
RECORD
CO PY
w10
ANIMAL NEWS
COLONIAL
PROGRAM RETURNS
and the seemingly endless rows gave them
more insight into the life of a plantation slave
LIVESTOCK
4- H
THIS
JUNE
than all of our words could ever describe. At
Harcourt
by Allison
the end of the year, each 4- H' er must complete
eratures,
a project book, recording activities and answering questions about facts and concepts
Colonial
learned, to be judged by a 4- H leader.
Ah, here
comes
summer,
temp-
warmer
and lots and lots of families exploring
Williamsburg. Summer also means
return
of Sarah, Emily, Jill, and
the welcome
Lance, some of our twelve 4- H' ers, ages 12-
This summer one- half of our kids will re-
turn for the third year and will help teach the
first timers. Everyone will herd sheep and our
new geese, milk the cow, drive the cart, assist
with children' s programs at the Wythe proplearn embryology with Coach and
erty,
16, who are participating in our 4- H Colonial
Livestock program. They each spend at least
one
morning a week from late June through
working with the livestock,
learning about animal care in both the 18th and
20th century, and sharing their knowledge with
in
August,
costume
their
visitors
own
Livestock' s new incubator, and most impor-
tant, talk to the public, especially visiting children their own age.
age.
developed
4- H offers to all youngsters
Allison
The program
by
Harcourt and Elaine Shirley three years ago to
provide local 4- H' ers the opportunity to work
with a variety of domestic livestock, to teach
them interpretive skills, and help them gain
confidence through interaction with the public.
was
many pro-
grams covering a wide range of subjects —
rocketry, photography, bicycles, gardening,
and cooking, just to name a few. Record
keeping and public speaking are just two of the
many skills kids learn through 4- H that will be
of
useful to them in their adult lives. Teaching re-
the
throughout
young people in costume
and enhance our interpretation of
Historic Area,
of the 4- H program. Allison and Elaine see
4- H'
The
family
ers
also
increase
the
visibility
sponsibility and self-confidence is another aim
these characteristics develop first- hand as they
life.
Throughout
the summer
the 4- H' ers
watch their once shy 4- H' er help an unsure
learn
child discover a real live sheep.
and transportation from
and our cart and chair horses, Star and
Allison,
Toby. They learn to harness and drive Star and
teach visiting children safe ways to approach
carts, carriages,
about
If your child wants to join the fun in 4- H,
call the Virginia Cooperative Extension Office
at 566- 1367 for more information.
and enjoy horses, along with the role of the
horse in the 18th century. Just when the kids
think they know everything,
Star gently
J
re-
minds them of their " place in life" by wandering off in the opposite direction at the dizzing
ititi*
speed of molasses in January. Elaine, with the
I"
help of our sheep and cattle, teaches the role of
r
in clothing and foodways. Our 4- H' ers
have helped to worm sheep, trim their hooves,
and herd them on the green. Nora and Elaine
teach them how to milk, the mysteries of the
ruminant stomach, and the use of dairy prodanimals
of
hitting
the milk
bucket instead of your
,
i
a_
t _ ^:
s...; ,
F., R
ucts. John King and Lance Hopkins mastered
the art
t -.
1 -==
-_;-
4,
,
- --
•
y
t
shoe, and talking at the same time. Easier said
done! All of our kids have the chance to
off their skills at the Colonial Fair.
Occasionally, being involved in Colonial
Livestock means being a television star. While
than
show
BEBE LTANE AND
TO FLOCK
feeding Hannah, some of our 4- H' ers helped
with filming for " Curley' s Kids," a network
children'
tend
Changing
to
their wooly buddies. Beltane still has a small
some
convincing acting!
reNot every activity was enthusiastically
4- H' ers. After standing in the hot
ceived by the
sun
picking tobacco worms, the kids named the
worms
Allison and Elaine before they squashed
them. The sticky tobacco leaves, the hot sun,
RETURN
The two most severely injured sheep in the
dog attack of February 24 have recovered sufficiently to return to the flock with the rest of
preThey were supposed
young heifer, Hannah, was a bull.
a little girl cow into a bull involved
s show.
our
QUENTIN
"
wound on his neck which is going to be
spray- painted" with a blue- green colored
medicine for some time. In answer to visitor
questions you will hear:
No, his ears will not
grow back; and No, he does not have gangrene.
�10 MOST ASKED HORSE QUESTIONS
by Karen V. Smith
7
1.
1
4
0I
i.
tir,
l'-'
1r.,
q,....
2. At
4,,
\
i1
we
retire
a
horse? We do
smentaland
forever, such as Star. She is it her mid to late
twenties and is perfect for our 4-H program.
3. What happens to a horse after we retire
4,
it
1
4y
at
physical condition. Some horses seem to go on
11,
dryt,
v
do
what age
horse. Welookmoreattheanimal'
1_
r
f:
do we have
not have a particular age at which to retire a
i'
7
4.
many horses
that we have will change as we acquire new
horses and retire old ones.
u,..
21,
le.,:
How
Colonial Williamsburg? Right now we have 17
horses and two mules. The number of horses
it?
Most are adopted by people who can pro-
vide a good home.
4. Do we breed our own horses at Colonial
Williamsburg? Not at this time. We just don' t
have the facilityto
NOW • «
g
breed and train Y
young
horses. Maybe in the future.
p
5. What breed of horse do we look for? We
don' t look for a particular breed of horse. We
look for a horse that has the mental and physical abilities
TO
HI' S
LEADING
by Topsy
This is
Population:
I'
carriage.
all
from nobody
foot.
name'
ve
My
more
got
Virginia.
Williamsburg,
city.
anywhere
the coachmen
s
to
Topsy.
3 people
I
pull
brains and looks
than
together.
put
with
ones
bye
on
us
toe.
your
sock on our left
with Bill and Bruce and
And you can say, " good-
one white
hind foots. Confuse
I' ll step
toe."
years now. It' s a
Me and Prince have
good
living.
made a lotta good two- legged friends here. We
just have one suggestion for you guys who
I'
ve
worked here for
way to make
lead
tour
jobs
three
a
easier.
For
When
groups. Please, please
our
watch for
sake,
us,
help
make our
listen for
us.
coming, try
pull your
It' s not all that easy to
move
these carriages and when you have to
weave
back and forth around bunches of peoit can be rough on us. Moving in a straight
ple
line takes a whole lot less effort, especially
when it' s hot. If
you can do this for us it' d be
as much help as if you put on harness and
see
you
of
out
group
to
us
our
path.
helped us pull the carriage yourself.
And, as I lay my hoof on a copy of Black
Beauty, please don' t make us stop. Stopping
and starting
our special
needs,
We try to keep them on a five day work week
with two days off.
7. How often do their shoes need to be re-
a
I work with Prince. He' s a sucker for a
cookie.
We' re the biggest Percherons at
Colonial Williamsburg. We' re the good
looking
with
6. How many days do the horses work?
the
square
per
to deal
pulling carriages on a hard surface road and
keeping calm under stressful conditions.
GROUPS
is the worst. That takes
the most effort of all. Grant us the kindness of
drawing our loads at a steady pace and in a
straight line, and we will always be
grateful.
To those HI' s who we know already give
us all the help they can -well, your kindness
the carriage
Placed? The farrier resets a set of shoes as often
as every two weeks and makes new shoes approximately every 4 weeks if the horse is being
used on a regular basis.
8. Why don' t we use
rubber
There
shoes?
are a lot of reasons we choose not to use rubber
shoes. In the past we have tried to use rubber
shoes and found they cracked up the horses
hooves. In the warm months the combination
of rubber on tar sticks together and will rip the
shoe
off the hoof. This ;::,- a causes stress on
the horse' s legs which could lead to other
problems.
9. What do you feed our horses? We feed
Timothy and Alfalfa hay, and a balanced sweet
feed. They are also turned out in area pastures
to graze. Every horse has free access to water
and
salt
blocks
Pastures.
10. Do
their
stalls
horses get
the
in
rabies
and
in
shots?
the
Yes.
Our horses and oxen are vaccinated as part of
our regular program of veterinary care which
includes inoculations and wormings.
HORSE
LATITUDES
The term " horse" in " horse latitudes" has a
sad reference.
This region which belts in the
neighborhood of 30° north and 30° south lati-
tude is characterized by high pressure, calms,
and light winds. It got its name because ships
of horses going to America were sometimes
stranded there so long the horses died.
to animals is recognized and very much appreciated.
QUESTIONS?
Thanks for
to
say. It may
listening
seem
to what
small
one mare
to you,
but
to
has
us
horses ( and those silly mules) it means so very
much.
I' m
don' t
dictating
this
it like I'
and squash her like
write
time she tries
m
a
to the
editor,
telling it, I will
shrewsberry
to shoe me.
and if
she
sit on her
cake the next
Please
write
to:
COMMENTS?
Animal Editor, MI W.
Colonial Williamsburg Animal News is
published by Coach and Livestock
Operations,
Department.
Historic
Trades
Kay Williams, Editor;
Richard Nicoll, Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 3, June, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
4-H Colonial Livestock Program Returns this June / by Allison Harcourt -- Beltane and Quentin Return to Flock -- To Hi’s Leading Groups / by Topsy -- 10 Most Asked Horse Questions / by Karen V. Smith -- Horse Latitudes
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/a761df26aaa36aeef2f2cfdc30c816ad.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=vPO8Kt7WANi%7E%7E7twYtJ-PMnt5BUCPyZ660uVGvIrgBWSxPLxgkmEgN1PmYqEMkYoOcZMY9gRknAPXBHdJUTmA9gySFal6PsQmgS%7EIn-wVaWRECisJNdl9e1fRfIbQ1Ow97srdB9gc1KOlq4Mkc-v67xUfOdH-4itUUZqizHU7R-n6jT8G8rZ3XAgfmby6qVGN05g6NbMkWHgHK-RGDgfkXE4-Riu7t12xp-aee2OhxFrzTxaPCGBkqCkifF4%7E90pqtLc-PWU-lL4mYaC4oLFz00MgJG-w3nWotavj%7EF1e-uQkZgOoOQXXngwflqGLmJ7MQCVBl99IM74Md0v5tSCGQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
ed4c73afb2cb6443574727f079370794
PDF Text
Text
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RCN/ V&
S
Volume
I
No .
May 1988
2
RECORD °
COPY ;/
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RAMP r. E f e l,, r:,
y'<
Colonial
The
Williamsburg
w,
ANIMAL NEWS
MINOR
BREEDS
COMING
JUNE
CONVENTION
3- 5
by Elaine Shirley
Colonial
Williamsburg
and
conventions
so
is
favorite
a
be
there will
for
spot
Leicester sheep program) is a very exciting and
a convention
will be atcoming
The American Minor Breeds Consertending.
vancy ( AMBC) will be here for their annual
to
convention
town
our animals
that
different, and just locating certain breeds can
send you halfway around the world. However,
bringing a population of animals back from low
numbers or reintroducing a breed to this country ( like we are doing with our English
rewarding task. We are looking forward to
having the AMBC here to visit with us. Join in
if you can!
June 3- 5, 1988.
The AMBC is loosely patterned after a
British group called the Rare Breeds Survival
Trust. Both groups are concerned with the
dramatic decline in population of some domesticated breeds of animals. There have been
groups concerned about wild animal popula-
I
I
lill
tions for several decades, but it has only been
very recently that people have begun to worry
f_
old breeds of livestock.
Modern farming techniques demand fertilizers, special types of plants and certain breeds
of livestock for high efficiency and to achieve
about our
A,-
I
AV
r_
s
2
-
N
the type of product the modern consumer
cattle,
breeds
of livestock,
English Leicester sheep,
old
Many
wants.
Devon
the
the
BE
LEICESTER
ENGLISH
the
SHEEP
TO
ACQUIRED
Dominique chicken, the Lincoln curly hog and
existing in very low
not considered important for today' s " modern" farming. AMBC
members
believe these old breeds must be preserved because of their historic significance and
others,
are
numbers
extinct
or
because they
are
because they may possess traits which could be
important in future farming. In some places
these minor breeds are indeed becoming useful
For instance, the
again in today' s agriculture.
Tamsworth hog is doing very well in Australia
because its dark
The AMBC
skin
sunburn.
prevents
very diverse and
of individuals, museum prointeresting group
fessionals, agriculture
professors, scientists,
ecologists, farmers, and backyard enthusiasts.
will offer many lectures on a
Their convention
members
are
a
variety of subjects including oxen, Spanish
horses, how to furnish the barnyard in a museum setting, poultry in North America, and
more.
If you are interested in attending any of
the
lectures and would like
schedule, call
convention
to
us
see a complete
at
2491.
The
meeting and lectures are open to anyone who is
interested.
Colonial Williamsburg has become concerned with minor breeds because we would
like to use animals which are correct for our
time period and conserve
some of these minor
breeds for future generations. We believe we
can provide a good foundation for several rare
breeds, hence our interest in the English
Leicester.
breeds can be a challenge
Inbreeding with a small population is
problem, individual feed requirements
Minor
A long established plan to add Leicester
ewes to our flock has finally come to a head.
Fund- raising efforts have succeeded in drawing
the kind of response needed from many caring
people to bring us to the point of making definite plans to import from Australia several top
grade English Leicester sheep.
will
We
select
one
ram
(
to
replace
Willoughby) and five yearling ewes bred to
different rams. Sheep from various farms and
bloodlines will allow us to establish a pure bred
flock of Leicesters who will not be closely
related to each other and we will be able to
avoid inbreeding in the future. Breeding closely
related
inbreeding, enhances
weaknesses in the offspring and is therefore
highly undesirable.
animals,
or
The reasons these animals must be im-
ported from Australia is they are a rare breed
simply unavailable in this hemisphere. There
are Leicesters in England, but the quarantine is
too severe on sheep imported from the mother
country. That leaves us with Australia.
As an alternative to the expense of import-
ing sheep, we considered the possibility of
embryo transplants.
Russell Dow of Ontario
helped resolve this question. His research
shows live lambs result from embryo transplants only 50% of the time and the current cost
of this procedure to be high. So importing the
live animals turned out to be decidedly more
practical.
to raise.
always
a
may be
We hope to give you the details of exactly
how
our
quarantine
new
sheep
situation,
etc.,
will
in
arrive,
our
next
where,
issue.
,'
d
�NEW
GAME CHICKENS
by Richard Powell
Seven game fowl, a cock and six hens,
have come to Colonial Williamsburg through
the efforts of a New Kent County native who
4111
has spent half a century breeding and improving traditional varieties of poultry. These birds
are believed to be descendants of Irish imports
which
brought
were
to
Virginia for
10
fighting
purposes during the eighteenth century. Dark
brown and lightly striped about the neck, the
hens are sleek, attractive birds, kn o wn fo r their
M
if
-- -
excellent maternal instincts. The cock is brown
below,
but is distinguished
ro
by resplendent
auburn feathers on the neck, back, and wings.
Some interpreters will be surprised to note that
he bears no comb or wattels, these having been
surgically removed, or " dubbed," for reasons
derived from pit fighting practices.
Of course, game fowl differ from common
chickens
in many ways which are not visible,
WARM
SPRING
OF
DYING HORSES
DAYS
AND
by Karen Smith
but behavioral. Most obvious are the aggresand tenacity which induce them to
siveness
fight. Related aspects of maturation, defensive
movement, and physiology,
may also be heritable and distinct from those of the barnyard
Animals enjoy this change in the weather just
chicken.
as we humans do!
Those warm spring days after a
cold winter. All you want to do is pull up a
Ahhh!!
lawn chair and watch
the flowers
bloom.
game cock and hens will go to the
windmill site for interpretation by Wayne
Randolph and his staff. The birds are particularly well suited for that location because they
will permit discussion of two disparate kinds of
poultry husbandry. On the one hand, the game
fowl exhibit a plumage pattern very similar to
that of the primitive jungle fowl, from which
domestic chickens probably descended. Since
unmanaged birds occasionally revert to this
pattern, and to the general body type of the
Every spring down at the stable we get calls
from concerned people about our animals laying down in the various pastures. The caller is
usually upset because they feel the animal is ill
and dying.
All our animals enjoy laying out in the sun
just as we do. Even horses will lay flat out on
a
games, they may be credibly presented
riety of dunghill fowl, and placed within the
economic
and agricultural scheme of the comfarmer' s husbandry.
mon " unimproved"
the other hand, the game fowl can be
On
interpreted as a distinct breed, documented for
Williamsburg, through which the expansive
topics of eighteenth century sport, gambling,
not do at another facility.
All Colonial Williamsburg animals are
The
as
va-
and violence, can be made more meaningful
their side and take a short nap from time to
time. The animals feel safe and secure here at
Colonial Williamsburg. They will do things -such
as
lie down in daylight -- that they might
checked twice a day, in the morning and late
afternoon. At night our security department
keeps a close eye on them. But, if you have
any reason to feel an animal is ill, please give
us a call at extension 2491, and we will be glad
to check it out.
to
the visitor. The windmill is a wholly appropriate place for this approach to such topics, as
commonly put to " walk," that
and diet in isolation from other
poultry, at English and American mills between
1600 and 1850. Newly transcribed pages from
game
is, to
cocks
were
range
the notebooks of John Hartwell Cocke, a gentleman of Surry County, reveal that he set birds
All lambs are healthy and doing
Rachal' s twins have been
named Linsey and Woolsey. Come
fine!!
to walk at two mills in that area. The historical
origin of our game fowl is also consistent with
birds,
of eighteenth century Tidewater
which were based on stock imported from
Ireland, England, and Barbados.
Clearly, the birds will not be used for any
form of combat, which would be illegal in the
that
presence of ticket- holding guests, and an affront to the sensibilities of many observers.
Additional information about game cocks in
Virginia is available in Carson' s Colonial
Virginians at Play ( pp.
151- 64), and Isaac'
of Virginia
Transformation
( pp. 101- 04).
COMMENTS ?
QUESTIONS ?
Please
write
Williamsburg
to:
s
Animal
Animal
Livestock
Operations,
Williams,
Editor;
Editor,
MHW.
Colonial
News is published
by Coach
Historic Trades Department.
Richard
Nicoll, Manager.
and
Kay
GEESE
GUESTS
GOTTEN
TO
GOOSE
Six fuzzy yellow and gray baby geese were
delivered to the main stable by Karen Smith,
head groom, just after Easter. The goslings
were donated by Betty Dye of Cedar Valley
Farm in Lightfoot.
We will eventually graze this gaggle of
geese on the public greens so our guests can be
goosed before they go home. The little fellows
need to grow a bit more first. While here at the
stable, they are being handled by everybody so
when old enough to encounter the public they
will be accustomed to people.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 2, May, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Minor Breeds Convention Coming June 3-5 / by Elaine Shirley -- English Leicester Sheep to be Acquired -- New Game Chickens / by Richard Powell -- Of Warm Spring Day and Dying Horses / by Karen Smith -- Lamb Report -- Geese Gotten to Goose Guests
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/fd9e95224b99736c3852a22287131d14.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ElmHcQMKbsiXuy56GuGk-Q9lH37yP764FT6kte5P59V95-phPPeZsGWr-LHZC8rELJM1CSYFJzqMpoQGkV40AmndOp9RTLWYsRgnqeBCVbHVXgd06wOIro-JQ%7EYFpLeupby8JTdElZG025TvKVD6HB4fmwRsLkhzZVlxSLOTbtXAI1ENZFPR%7EYe8LDGCna0quoB2GX2t8RRB84L0SwWMzeqkgJ5Zw29xvyU90LiV6Lnf1skByptQ2xnJPsypE46pJFXncEkzV1373Gf94IRoB5nXTsrH5xtkQdiwKChE7S1TbDaOGEncvgmAVgiqjXjC56-IOAA0b1ws9k0-KuvC0A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
c697a026e16d09ef18b1e64ca7da6d46
PDF Text
Text
Colonial
The
Wv1Li. am. sburg
ANIMAL NEWS
April
I
Volume
SHEEP
INJURED
RECOVERING
Number
1988
Mel and
The five sheep injured by dogs February 24
all finally on the road to recovery, three
having been turned back out in the pasture, two
still being kept at the main stable at least an-
good
equalsexpe
rience.
But
our crowds,
drums.
Besides
that, you must be nice when you' re told your
is " as soft
sandth time in a
as
nose
are
have
Molly
nothing else in the world
guns, buses, and fifes and
1
velvet"
for the ten thou-
day. So our new pair will be
given a good chance to show their suitability to
our working environment.
The third
horse is Jake.
new
He is a black
percheron type, 10 years old, and was pur-
for treatment.
Beltane, the most seriously injured of all, is
out of danger, but his worst wound will take a
long time to heal. His ears were ripped off and
Dr.
his neck very deeply and badly chewed.
resume includes work on city streets, but only
horse.
as a single
Hopefully he will be a good
Steve Chapman did his best to graft skin onto
This operation failed.
the gaping neck wound.
Since there is no way to stitch this type of injury, it is open and there is still danger of in-
working as part of a pair and tested in our par-
other two months
chased from
a
in Maryland.
gentleman
Jake' s
partner for our long- time employee, Suzie, and
together they will pull the stage wagon.
Jake, too, will be given time to adjust to
ticular
conditions.
Until it heals he will stay at the main
fection.
stable for continuing care and medication.
During his convalescence he will be kept
company by Quentin, who had all of his legs
badly bitten. For some time Quentin
could not stand up. A sling was built to hol
him upduringthe day and a sort of physical
therapy started. He was carefully walked between two people who held him up with broad
nylon straps looped around hisbodyso he
The
could begin to use his legs again.
very
physical
looked
therapists"
rather
f...
fr7.. . .•,
v-•-
1`,
1.
11.444.
f'.
it.
t.;
like two
1
travelers struggling to carry an oversized wooly
r
suitcase.
Now he no longer needs the sling
and gets up and down by himself. He gets his
exercise, but takes it more like a sheep than a
suitcase.
Quentin will likely be ready to go
OX OPERATION
back to the pasture before Beltane, but he' ll
stay with Beltane to keep him company.
Polly ( who had one bite requiring stitches),
Bobby ( who suffered cuts, bruises, and hybitten in
pothermia), and Hannibal ( who was
several places) were kept in the main stable a
week or more for treatment. They all have re-
Willie, the ox, recently had a large tumor
removed from under his jaw by vet, Gary
turned to the flock.
A total of eight hours of surgery and surepair the damtiring were required to try and
age to the five sheep.
Many more hours have
been spent caring for them day after day. It is
medication for his thyroid problem all winter
Doxtater. The tumor has been sent to a lab to
Willie' s recovery from this oper-
be analyzed.
ation has been uncomplicated.
Willie'
s
partner,
Waylon,
has received
long and, so far, its effects look promising.
We are hopeful that Waylon and Willie will
be able to get back to giving rides to the kids.
sad to watch their wool fall out in big clumps
as a result of shock.
NEW
HORSES
ON THE
STREET
LAMBING
Three new horses started work last month.
One pair, Mel and Molly, are sorrel with
and tails, and white markings. Mel
has 2 white legs and a stripe down his face.
her
Molly has 4 white legs and a wider blaze on
face.
They are both old enough to vote.
Which is good -- seasoned professionals are
preferred for our colonial streets.
in
They were purchased from a gentleman
flax
manes
The Plains, Va.,
ride business.
who
used
them
in a carriage
TIME
SCOREBOARD
All five expecting ewes have produ
c e
d
healthy
half- Leicester
fathered
by the late
offspring
Willoughby: Glenda - boy, Arthur;
Pennygirl, Duchess Diana of
Patience
- boy,
dnbr
L
Lyndonberg;
Richard; Rachal - TWINS! boy and
girl, unnamed; Constance - TWINS!
two boys, Romulus and Remus.
�1
JONES -- THE
JOE
RIGHT
STUFF
Ar
Joe Jones, head coachman, has more of the
Right Stuff than any of those Top Guns.
Those fly boys have jet plane F- whatevers that
respond
what
switch
to a
or
made
to
are
they
button. Jet planes do
do and have no emo-
tions. Horses are different. Horses often react
very strong instinctive emotions.
difference between horses and
this way: You are sitting on a plane
airplanes
waiting to take off and the pilot announces,
This is the captain speaking. Our flight
to
according
Let'
s explain
the
will be delayed for an indeterminate period.
The plane is afraid to go down the runway."
That' s a silly scenario, but it is not unusual
for a horse to refuse to go down a familiar path
because he sees something that scares him.
When the paths are unfamiliar and the objects
the Right
along them new, it takes a driver with
Stuff to make horses feel comfortable and
safely learn their new surroundings.
Joe Jones is responsible for training new
horses, introducing them to our Historic Area,
and judging their suitability for the job of givg
ing carriage rides.
Sure, the horses we choose are already
broken to drive, but our situation is unique.
loud noises, crowds, skate
A steady confident driver
boards, and more.
helps new horses overcome their natural timidmust
They
accept
ness in strange surroundings.
You can tell at a glance when Joe is training
He will be driving one of our
on the street.
We have a yellow cartwo training vehicles.
riage- without- a- body called a skeleton break.
kind of vehicle you can crash without
hurting it much. We also have a small dark
a dog cart.
green 4- wheeled carriage called
It' s
the
If you see either of these vehicles you can
Joe has some brand new emBe careful of these horses.
to drive.
to
ployees
Don' t run in front of them or get behind the
If visitors
carriage, even if they are tied up.
close by you are about to do something
you
think may frighten the horses, warn these visitors of the danger, if you can -- especially if it' s
happening where Joe cannot see it. This might
include skateboard riders, soccer players, loose
be
almost
sure
POULTRY
PROGRAM
UPDATE
by Richard Powell
The key to successful poultry breeding is
early planning, so the focus of our winter activities was preparation for summer production
goals. We began by replacing the open rearing
pen at the stable with a fullyenclosed breeding
divided into
cage
three separate
runs
for
con-
trolled coatings. We built a number of portable
houses to improve sanitation and facilitate egg
collection. Other projects included construction
of a small brooder, isolation pens, and other
minor items.
Donations from various sources contributed
the
program' s progress.
noted poultry breeder gave
to
chickens, now on
minique
In December a
a set of Do-
us
display
in the Pow-
ell pen, to expand our work with the American
Minor
Breeds
Conservancy.
Virginia poultry
enthusiasts have provided guinea fowl for release at Carter' s Grove, and authentic fighting
P y
game birds for display at the Windmill site. In
addition, the recent donation of a modern bat-
tery brooder unit will complement the department' s purchase of an automated incubator.
Spring chick production will aim at replacement of birds used or lost during the year,
and maintenance
varieties
for
of several eighteenth- century
exhibition
in
town.
We are
experimenting with hybrids for use at the
Carter' s Grove slave quarter, and hope to release additional birds to establish aself-perpet-
uating feral flock in that area. Geese, guineas,
and turkeys are being considered in long- term
planning for lots from the Palace to the Grove.
We are researching aspects of colonial
poultry husbandry for incorporation in our
livestock
interpretations.
Particular
attention
will be given to housing, cockfighting, and the
people who raised poultry, as these topics ocwho raised poultry, as these topics
ally
tors.
arise
during
discussions with visi-
tors.
dogs not at heel, kids with cap guns, or something
we
haven'
Always
t even thought
remember
of.
horses
are
naturally
timid creatures. Even those who have pulled
carriages for us several years, and have never
once
seemed scared of anything,
can
be fright-
GERVASE
MARKHAM
CHICKENS
ON
The best time to set Hennes to have the
best, largest, and most kindely Chickens, is in
February . . ., so that she may hatch or dis-
ened
close
her Chickens . . .
in March, for one
brood of March Chickens is worth three broods
of any other."
from -
Cheape and Goode Husbandry
1614
QUESTIONS?
COMMENTS?
Please
write
to:
Animal
Colonial Williamsburg
Editor,
MHW.
Animal News is
published by Coach and Livestock Operations,
Historic Trades Department.
Kay
Editor; Richard Nicoll, Manager.
Williams,
Sir
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 1, April, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Injured Sheep Recovering -- New Horses on the Street -- Ox Operation -- Lambing Time Scoreboard -- Joe Jones : The Right Stuff -- Poultry Program Update / by Richard Powell -- Gervase Markham on Chickens
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades
Williams, Kay, editor.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation