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i
These.Boisterous Times..
76
THE WEE
.
Alexander Purdie, Virginia Gazette,
January
P.
February 1517,
February
and Hunter'
1976
s
of the death of Mrs. Catherine Rathell of Williamsburg
Virginia
Gazette
on
February
appeared in
vs,
Mrs. Rathell, a milliner, arrived in Virginia in 1765 with a letter of introduction to
Robert Carter from John Morton Jordan, a London tobacco merchant. Mrs. Rathell first
settled in Fredericksburg and usually visited Williamsburg with a stock of merchandise
during the meetings of the General Assembly. She later moved to Williamsburg and
a
millinery
shop
near
the
Capitol "
where
Mr. Aschough
lately
lived." Within a
few months she moved her shop to Duke of Gloucester Street " opposite the Raleigh
Tavern."
In April 1775 Mrs. Rathell announced in the Virginia Gazette:
As I purpose going to England as soon as I dispose of my goods, and remain there until
liberty of importation is allowed, puts me under the necessity of not parting with a single
shillings worth, without the cash; and I request, as a favour, that all who are indebted to
me will pay off their accounts this meeting, and any person who has any demands against
me are desired to apply directly.
In October Mrs. Rathell sailed for England in the Peggy, leaving her remaining unsold
merchandise and store fixtures in the hands of another milliner, M. Brodie, to be sold.
Unfortunately, the Peggy sank within three miles of Liverpool and Mrs. Rathell, along
with nine others, drowned.
February
22- 28, 1976
February 28, 1776
On February 13 the Continental Congress appointed Patrick Henry colonel of the
First
Battalion
of Virginia
Forces
in
the
Army of
the
United Colonies."
When
the
Committee of Safety offered Henry the commission on the 28th, he refused to accept it.
The Virginia Gazette reported on March 1:
Yesterday morning the troops in this city being informed that Patrick Henry, esq.,
commander
in chief of the Virginia forces, was about to leave them, the whole went into
deep morning and being under arms, waited on him at his lodgings, when they addressed
him in the following manner:
To PATRICK HENRY, jun. esquire.
Deeply impressed with a grateful sense of the obligations we lie under to you, for the
polite, humane, and tender treatment manifested to us throughout the whole of your
conduct, while we had the honour of being under your command, permit us to offer you
our sincere thanks, as the only tribute we have in our power to pay to your real merits.
Notwithstanding your withdrawing yourself from the service fills us with the most poignant
sorrow,
e
Lo'
letters
and was one of the unfortunate persons that perished.
opened
o
1'
RE C RD •
CUP'
7.
by [ a brig from London] advise, that the Peggy, Fisher, from Virginia, was
cast away on the 26th November last, in sight of Liverpool, and that only the Captain, and
part of the crew, were saved. Mrs. Rathell, of this city, went passenger in the above vessel,
Some
1776
1776
The announcement
Dixon
21,
1,
as
it at
once
deprives
us
of
our
father and
general,
yet,
as
gentlemen,
we
are
PAMPHLET
FILL'
�compelled to applaud your spirited resentment to the most glaring indignity. May your
merit shine as conspicuous to the world in general as it that done to us, and may Heaven
shower its choicest blessings upon you.
Henry had hoped to be promoted to brigadier general in command of all Virginia
forces, and he was stunned by the action of Congress. On August 5, 1775, the Virginia
Convention had elected Henry colonel of the 1st Virginia Regiment and commander in
chief of all Virginia forces. With the new appointment Henry found himself under the
command
of officers who had been his subordinates.
Most of his friends believed that Henry would be an unsuccessful military commander
because of his lack of
experience.
Edmund Pendleton
was
worried: "
The unlucky step of
calling that gentleman from our councils, where he was useful, into the field, in an
important
stranger
station, the duties of which he must,
has given me many an anxious and
to,
in the nature
of things,
moment."
uneasy
be an entire
George
Washington
expressed the feeling that his" countrymen made a capital mistake, when they took Henry
out of the Senate to place him in the field; and pity it is that he does not see this, and
remove every difficulty by a voluntary resignation."
Henry felt slighted by the action of Congress. He immediately resigned and returned
to civilian
life convinced
that
he had been done
out
of
a
brilliant military
career.
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times February 15-28, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-02-28
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784eb7e1abce5a65d65f472ec2c61bf8
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iiimir
l
twos"
7h
Times.. ."
p11,,
... TH6
I
7
romerE
s
_
uci
10, .
6:_
Alexander
Purdie,
Virginia
Gazette,
January 1, 1776
olcHrt,ss
APRIL 1976
n Rf CORD •
April 1- 10, 1976
April
1,
o
1776
Williamsburg,
April 6
On Monday last Edmund Randolph, Esq; was elected to represent this city in Convention, in the
0
Corr
1.\
Mg LOP'
ram
room of George Wythe, Esq; one of our Delegates at the Congress.
PAMPHLET PILE
This notice in the Virginia Gazette provides an interesting insight on the electorate of Williams-
burg during the unsettled times at the beginning of the Revolution. It is significant that the voters
chose the twenty- three- year- old Randolph to replace George Wythe as Williamsburg' s representative in the Convention.
Wythe, fifty years old in 1776, had served as mayor of Williamsburg, as clerk and member of the
House of Burgesses, and as a delegate to the Continental Congress. His outstanding abilities were
widely recognized.
Wythe' s replacement in the Convention was a young man of little experience in government, but
the voters of the city must have recognized his capabilities. Edmund Randolph' s father, John,
attorney general of Virginia, remained loyal to the king and left the colony in 1775. Edmund feared
that the loyalism
countrymen
of his father would"
tend to lessen him in
the
esteem
of his
countrymen."
But his
recognized his abilities and, convinced of his patriotism, started him on a successful
governmental career. With the establishment of the state government in June 1776, Randolph was
appointed attorney general, a position for which he was well-qualified since he had studied with his
father. He went on to become governor of Virginia, the first attorney general of the United States,
and succeeded Jefferson as secretary of State in 1794.
April 5, 1776
Any person in or about this city who will undertake to pasture for a gentleman in the lower parts of
the county, about to move higher up, upwards of 200 head of CATTLE, of all sorts, and to sell out of
the stock, next summer and fall, what may be fit for market, is desired to lodge his terms with the
PRINTER.
At this time many people who owned plantations adjacent to navigable waters moved further
inland because of the danger of raids by the British. Virginia had no navy and the British men- of
war had free run of the Chesapeake Bay and the rivers.
The person who inserted the above advertisement in the Virginia Gazette was trying to avoid
driving his herd to his new home, because he would have to drive them back to Williamsburg when
they reached a marketable stage. Demands on the Williamsburg livestock market, always active,
greatly increased when the town became the military headquarters for the Virginia force.
Williamsburg, April 12, 1776
Taken out of a drawer in my store, on Sunday the 24th of March, a red morocco instrument case,
with a plain lock, containing upwards of 2001. paper currency, many of the bills marked on the back
with the number of pounds, also a promissory note ofJohn Hatley Norton, esgr's, for 1501. sterling,
a bond filled up in James Pride' s name, for 181 1. 1 s. 6 d. with sundry other papers. Whoever will
deliver the said instrument[ case] and contents safe to me shall have a reward of 40 dollars, and 101.
on conviction of the thief. Col. Mason, col. Blackburn, mr. David Ross, and mr. Robert Matthews,
will greatly oblige me by informing me of the numbers of the 21 1. and 8 1. bills I received from
them.
M. Dickinson.
N. B. I have a couple of Young Negroes to dispose of, a boy and a girl, which have been brought up to
household
work; the girl is an excellent sempstress. Whoever inclines to purchase may know the
terms
by
applying
as
above.
I
�Mary Dickinson operated millinery shops in Annapolis and Williamsburg from about 1770 to
1776 when she disappeared from the records. Like other Williamsburg business people, she
generally inserted her advertisements in the Virginia Gazette during the times when the General
Court was in session. She tempted the country people who came to town for the court sessions with
A very elegent Assortment of Millinery, Jewellery, and other Goods, well chosen, and of the latest
Fashions."
Williamsburg,
April 13, 1776
Those gentlemen who are still indebted to the estate of mrs. Clementina Rind, deceased, and mr.
John Pinkney, for Gazettes, etc. are desired to be so obliging as to sendtheir respective balances by
the hands of those gentlemen who are chosen delegates for the respective counties, as they are
expected to meet here the beginning of next month. This will be acknowledged as a particular
favour, as there are many large debts still due from the said estate. Proper accounts and receipts will
be delivered to the persons who settle with their very humble servant,
Jacob Bruce, for the administrator.
Thirteen months Gazette due mrs. Rind' s estate, 13 s. 6 d. Sixteen ditto due mr. John Pinkney,
16 s. 8 d.
On the death of her husband, William, Clementina Rind tooPn the publication of his Virginia
Gazette which he had started in 1766 at the request of some Virginia liberals who found Royle' s
Gazette too much" under influences as to be obliged to Print what he is directed and nothing else."
Clementina managed the paper for about a year until her death in 1774. It was continued by her
kinsman, John Pinkney, until 1776 when publication ceased, probably because offinancial setbacks.
In June 1777 Pinkney moved to North Carolina when he was appointed public printer for that
state.
He left his Williamsburg affairs in the hands of Jacob Bruce.
41
5 Pak
Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times April 1-10, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-04-10
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853ae66dc2a66904acab56829d70e544
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ekJ,
itieseiioisteroiisIJmes.. .
ILIIIII
i
THEI.•76
Alexander
Purdie, Virginia Gazette,
January 1, 1776
APRIL
1976
RE6ORD
April 18- 24, 1976
t
April 19, 1776
COPY
wIL
,'
M r. Purdie,
The impositions
and
exactions
on
the
publick by
the
TAVERN- KEEPERS
in
this colony
in
PAMPHLET
general, as well as in Williamsburg, is so exorbitant, as to call for some mode of redress by those to
whom that power belongs. No colony on this continent is allowed greater profit on vending and
retailing provision than this, but that does not satisfy the voracious publican. By the law, the courts
settle the rates of provision, etc. which is to be put up in the tavern. This is neglected, the better to
facilitate the design; and, countenanced by those whose duty it is to detect such proceedings, by
paying every unjust charge in the tavern-keeper' s bill (from a mistaken notion that it is below the
dignity of a gentleman to contest small accounts) they go on with impunity. It is hoped, therefore,
that all tavern- keepers will immediately put up the rates allowed by the court in the most conspic-
uous part of the tavern, or be punished for such neglect.
I am, sir,
An ENEMY
to IMPOSITIONS
Colonial law required county courts to fix annually prices of" liquors, diet, lodging, provender,
stablage, fodder, and pasturage" that ordinary- or tavern- keepers could charge. The law required
ordinary-keepers to obtain copies of the rates " which shall be openly set up in the publick enterOccasionally the law was disregarded.
The complaint of the " Enemy to Impositions" probably resulted from the fact that the York
taining
room."
County Court did not fix ordinary rates in March 1776 as was the usual practice. The justices of
York County evidently thought that the colonial law no longer applied, and they did not set rates
again until 1780 after a new law was passed.
April 25- 30, 1976
April 26, 1776
April 26.
Mr. Purdie,
In these distressed times, in which our American rights, both civil and religious, are invaded, it is
well to adopt that late maxim among politicians," United we stand, divided we fall." To this end, the
dissenters( equally attached to America' s liberty) ought to petition their rulers for the removal of that
yoke, that in these scarce times is become more grievous, in paying the established clergy. and
being still obliged to have the solemnization of matrimony by them. A word to the wise is enough.
A Dissenter from the Church of England.
Even though dissenters from the Established Church in Virginia were allowed to attend their
own services, the colonial government required them to pay taxes for the maintenance of the
Established Church. In December the Assembly passed an act to exempt dissenters from con-
tributing to the support of the Church of England. It was offered as a compromise after Jefferson' s
proposal to disestablish the church completely. Ten years later Jefferson' s famous Bill for Religious
Freedom
finally
became law in Virginia.
FILE
�On April 26, 1776, John Page, vice-president of the Virginia Committee of Safety, wrote Thomas
Jefferson:
Would you believe it, that we have not yet erected one Powder Mill at the public Expence. . .
and I have not been able to procure the least Assistance from the Committee for Bucktrout' s handMill,
except
their
selling him
about
400 lb.
of
Salt- petre . . .
although his Mill is an elegant
Machine and 2 Men can work it with ease, beating with 6 Pestles weighing 60 lbs. each in Mortars
containing 20 lbs. of Paste, and he has actually beat 120 lb. of Powder in them and grained 40 lb.
which has been used in proving Cannon etc. and which was found to be strong and good under every
disadvantage of want of Sieves and being made with bad Sulphur and Nitre. And he has been at great
pains in erecting his Mill and Apparatus for it, and for a Salt- petre work with it, yet the Committee
of Safety refused any Motion to allow him 30 or 40 pounds as a Reward for his public Spirit and
Ingenuity and to enable him to go on with his Plan.
Benjamin Bucktrout, an enterprising cabinetmaker, lived on Francis Street and engaged in a
variety of businesses. He not only worked as a cabinetmaker but also as a paper hanger, retail
merchant, and during the Revolution he was purveyor for the State Military Hospital in Williams-
burg. Bucktrout's versatility was not unusual among Virginia craftsmen. Because of the scarcity of
skilled workers in colonial Virginia, most craftsmen worked in every field in which they had some
talents. The demands of the public did not allow them to specialize. Some craftsmen, too
ambitious, became over-extended, but others were better managers and accumulated substantial
estates.
Although he engaged in a variety of businesses, Bucktrout was a successful manager. Character-
istically, he saw that gunpowder would be in short supply because trade with Britain was cut off and
he set out to construct a powder mill in Williamsburg. The state government did not support his
mill and because it was difficult to obtain sulfur and saltpeter, his mill probably did not prosper.
Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times April 18-30, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-04-30
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28bfee481390a29798b1ea33ff19730d
PDF Text
Text
i
Lk_
0
These
I
a
t
„
f
fix
r.. .
Tes..
E
TH
pr., .
III
v7.
P
,
Ale xan der Purdie
a
January
AUGUST
August 1August 2,
1976
VirginiaGu
1
t._ _
1776
is
4''
7, 1976
444"`'
1776
ter
The Ship Oxford, a Prize of 200 Tons Burthen, with her Tackle, Apparel,
Rigging, and Furniture,
excellent Order, will be sold at
public Sale, for ready Money, on Monday the 19th Instant,
all in
t'
before
the Raleigh
Tavern in Williamsburg, at 6 o'Clock in the Afternoon. The Ship, with here
Furniture,
be
seen
may
by
applying
to
Capt.
Inventory of the same.
James Gregory
of Prince
George,
who
has
LI ,
BB
an
James Hubard.
Randolph
Price,
a
planter
of
Surry County,
thought he would
take advantage of the crowd
of
PtaCHlV,
buyers assembled to bid on the ship to show and sell his race horse.
For Sale, The noted swift horse IRISHMAN, that has often
proved himself to be as swift as any
horse in Virginia or North Carolina, agreeable to the rules of
for getting
racing. He is remarkable
very delicate colts, and is now rising 8 years old. As this horse is so well known, I think a farther
description of him needless. He will be shewn at the Raleigh tavern, in
Williamsburg,
the
19th of
RECORD
COPY
c
np
t',
v.
0
j
qr•
o
w,
a.%•-
this instant, when the terms will be made known by
Randolph
Price.
PAMPHLET
Unfortunately for Mr. Price, the auction of the ship was canceled, and we are left in the dark as to
whether or not he sold Irishman.
August 6, 1776
The Council of Virginia, concerned because the citizens of Williamsburg were inconvenienced
by soldiers quartered in the town, ordered:
That it be recommended to Brigadier General Lewis to provide Barracks for the Continental Army
stationed here to be built on that part of the Park, which the Governor lately gave up for the use of
the Troops; as a Measure, at once more agreeable to the Inhabitants of Williamsburg, and in the
Opinion of this Board less expensive to the Continent than renting Houses for that Purpose.
On August 9, William Finnie, Deputy Quarter Master General, announced that the contract for
building the barracks would be let to the lowest bidder:
The building of a sufficient number of WOODEN BARRACKS to hold 1000 troops, also a large
STABLE for the horses belonging to the army, will be let to the lowest bidder on Saturday the 17th
instant, at 3 o' clock in the afternoon, before the Raleigh tavern.
In September the Council discovered that the barracks should be double the size originally
planned, so it ordered that the barracks be made to accommodate 2, 000 troops and the stables be
enlarged to house 100 horses. The barracks, built on the Palace lands northeast of the Palace, were
burned
by
the British
in 1781.
FILE
�August 8- 14, 1976
August
10,
1776
On this day the Council ordered the payment of" two pounds and three pence for cloaths and
other necessaries furnished Alexander Silver a prisoner of War."
Alexander Silver was captured twice by the Virginia forces. The first time he was captured, he
was considered harmless and was released to return to the British lines. On his second capture,
though, the Virginians were forced to keep him. The Virginia Gazette reported on August 24:
Master Alex Silver, a little Gentleman, who was taken at Norfiilk gathering strawberries in a
garden, and discharged, and again taken at Gwyn' s island, in the sloop Lady Charlotte tender, and
who is said to be a relation of Capt. Squire' s, [ Matthew Squire, captain of HMS Otter] was put to
school in this city by order of the Council, and is now very happily situated.
On August
7 the Council ordered: "
That Alexander Silver, a little boy taken on Board the Lady
Charlotte
tender at Gwyns Island, be put to school under Mr. Fry in this City, and boarded there
at
also
public
expence
until further
orders."
There was no way to return Silver to the British
because they had fled to sea. Most prisoners of was were sent to the western part of the state, but
Alexander was a small boy and the Council felt responsible for his well- being and made him a ward
of the state.
Robert Fry had been a schoolmaster in Norfolk from about 1762 until the destruction of his
school when Norfolk was burned in January 1776. He then moved to Williamsburg and opened
another
school near the College. Robert Fry died in Isle of Wight County in 1783, and nothing
more is known of Alexander Silver.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
g
I
3
The Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
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These Boisterous Times
Creator
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
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Title
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These Boisterous Times August 1-14
Creator
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-08-14
-
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d1cf49646de3f0900f1530862e04a75d
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i '
R.
r
T z eseBoisterous Times•• •
I, ,
ii
u
AtI •
7
FF
F
. -
Alexander Purdie, Virginia Gazette
-
N/
January
1,
1776
iiiii
GHIt,
P
AUGUST 1976
August
August
16,
15- 21,
S
f ECQ fl
1976
C 6 r' Y
1776
w,.
our mines
in the
back country; which,
after
being
cast into
bullets,
we
hope will be unerringly
directed against our enemies.
The mines in southwest Virginia (present-day Wythe County) were the only lead mines in the
colonies capable of large- scale production. At the beginnning of the Revolution the mines were
taken over by the state and were operated with slave labor. The lead was of critical importance to
the war effort, especially in the defense of the frontiers.
The mines were opened about the middle of the eighteenth century and were owned by a
partnership consisting of John Chiswell, who owned the controlling interest, William Byrd III, and
John Robinson, speaker of the House of Burgesses.
John Chiswell, a resident of Williamsburg, became the center of a constitutional crisis in Virginia
when, in 1766, he murdered Robert Routlidge at a tavern in Cumberland County. The county
examining court bound Chiswell over for trial in the General Court and committed him to the jail in
Williamsburg without bail. But when Chiswell reached Williamsburg in the custody of the
Cumberland sheriff, three members of the General Court released him on bail. The issue became a
double- barreled one. First was the question of partiality; that is, did Chiswell receive favored
treatment because he was a member of the aristocracy? The second point, just as important, was
the question of freedom of the press. Did the Virginia Gazette fail to report the murder because it
was committed by an aristocrat related to a member of the Council and to Virginia' s attorney
general as well as the fact that he was a member of the House of Burgesses? Purdie' s Virginia
Gazette was firmly under the control of the governor and council, but at some risk Purdie printed
Robert Bolling' s query as to whether the judges of the General Court could legally release Chiswell
on bail. Bolling believed that the judges acted in a partial manner and overturned " the laws and
constitution
of
the
country."
A war of words began in the two local newspapers involving writings
by many prominent Virginians that resulted in libel suits against both gazettes. In the end, the
grand jury, after being charged by Governor Fauquier to" punish the licentiousness of the Press,"
The freedom of the press was upheld and the grand jury
repudiated the governor' s high- handed tactics.
returned
the indictment"
Not True Bills."
The case against Chiswell ended when, as reported in the Virginia Gazette, Chiswell died of
of mind." It was generally belie}
1 that he had
fits, owing to a constant uneasiness
Nervous
committed suicide rather than face the common hangman. Combined with the Robinson scandal,
the Chiswell case tended to loosen the grip of the aristocracy on the colonial government.
The lead mines continued operations and produced large quantities of the valuable material for
the defense
of
liberty during
the
Revolution.
1 --
m
PAMPHLET FILE
j?,
From undoubted authority, we can assure the publick that 15, 000 wt. of pure lead have been got
from
9
BB
�August
August
23,
22—: 3I,
I976
1776
The Manufacturing Society in Williamsburg are in want of a person to superintend the works,
purchase materials, etc. and to keep the necessary accounts. Any who are qualified to undertake that
business, and comes well recommended, will be treated with by the managers, and good wages will
be given.
As the making of SAIL- CLOTH is one of their objects, the Society will give good encouragement
to spinners and weavers acquainted
with that branch.
Ready money will be given for HEMP and FLAX, either fully prepared for spinning, or from the
break or swingle.
As soon as the works are erected, the Society propose taking a number of boys and girls as
apprentices
to SPINNING,
WEAVING,
etc.
The Manufacturing Society was one of several efforts to establish industries in Virginia now that
supplies from Britain were cut off. The chairman of the Society was Robert Carter Nicholas, and
John Crawford, a weaver from Prince George County, managed the factory.
By spring 1777 the factory was producing enough linen to offer it at auction" before the Raleigh."
In July more linen was sold at auction:
On Thursday the 31st Instant, at 4 o' Clock in the Afternoon, will be sold at public Auction, before
the Raleigh, for ready Money, about four hundred Yards of Hempen Linen, and a Piece of fine
Linen, wove with a Satin Stripe, in Imitation of Corduroy, very proper for Summer Breeches, made
at the WILLIAMSBURG MANUFACTORY. For the Conveniency of the Purchasers the above
Linens will be cut into small Pieces.
The Williamsburg Manufactory continued operations until 1784, when it was dissolved. The high
cost of labor in Virginia probably prevented the profitable operation of the factory in time of peace.
Compiled
by
Harold B. Gill, Jr.
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
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These Boisterous Times August 15-31
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-08-31
-
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abfcb34136fb8e645fb272d8d9ec3275
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Text
y
M
i
Atm,7
i
Q
.
Q
These Boisterous Times.. .
pill
lila
may-
I
D,
d`
•
j
r_
Alexander
Purdie,
January
n
DECEMBER
December
1-
4,
1976
.
1976
0
c w
t
i,,,,
s
PAMPHLET
Virginia
1,
1776
a
1III/
COPY
5--
q
December
wit..0•,`
1776
4,
J11Z---"
On this day Nicholas Cresswell, an Englishman touring Virginia, recorded in his journal while in
Leesburg:
A
Dutch
mob of about 40 horsemen
went
through
the town to-
day
on
their way
to Alexandria
to
search for Salt. If they find any they will take it by force. All of them armed with swords or large
clubs. This article is exceeding scarce, if none comes in the people will revolt. They cannot possibly
subsist without a considerable quantity of this article. The people in general live on Salt meat in the
Summer. The excessive heat renders the keeping of fresh meat very difficult, even for a day, and the
thinness of inhabitants and markets prevents them killing little else but young hogs and fowls. They
likewise give Salt to their Horses, Cattle, Hogs and Sheep almost every day in the Summer. The
cattle are exceedingly fond of it, so much that they will follow you anywhere for a lick of it and it is so
essentially necessary that they will not thrive without it.
Cresswell certainly did not overstate the need for salt. The authorities in Virginia realized that an
emergency would exist if normal sources of salt were cut off, and by the summer of 1776 they had
established at least seven public salt works in the state and offered bounties to private producers of
salt.
In an effort to discourage prople from hoarding salt, the General Assembly resolved on
December
19,
1776:
Resolved, that if any persons within this commonwealth shall purchase salt imported, or to be
imported, into the same, than he bath occasion for the use of his family for one year, and shall refuse
to sell the surplus, or demand a greater price than will be sufficient to reimburse him the first cost,
on the purchase from the importer, and charges, and 15 per centum loss of measure, every person so
offending shall be held and deemed an enemy to this state.
December
December
5,
5- 11,
1976
1776
On December 5 the House of Delegates adopted an act to exempt dissenters from contributing to
the support of the established church in Virginia. The bill resulted from a compromise after
Jefferson proposed to disestablish the church completely. Another ten years passed before the
General Assembly finally accepted Jefferson' s famous Bill for Religious Freedom.
December 5, 1776, also saw the founding at the College of William and Mary of the first
Greek- letter fraternity in the United States, the Phi Beta Kappa Society. The opening paragraph of
the Society' s minutes relates:
On Thursday, the 4th of December, in the year of our Lord God one thousand seven hundred and
seventy- six and the first of the Commonwealth, a happy spirit and resolution of attaining the
important ends of Society entering the minds of John Heath, Thomas Smith, Richard Booker,
Armstd Smith, and John Jones, and afterwards seconded by others, prevailed, and was accordingly
ratified.
Gazette,
BB
�The Society held its monthly meetings at the Raleigh Tavern, and John Heath of Northumberland County was elected its first president. In 1779 the William and Mary Chapter chartered a
second chapter at Harvard University.
December
6,
1776
The Virginia Gazette reported on December 6: Last Saturday Edmund Randolph esq. was
chosen mayor of this city, Joseph Prentis, esq. one of the court of aldermen,
Charlton
a common
and mr. Edward
councilman.
The city government of Willi' msburg, outlined in the Charter of 1722, consisted of a mayor,
recorder, six aldermen, and twei, a common councilmen. The charter named the mayor, recorder,
and aldermen who chose the common council from " the most sufficient of the Inhabitants of the
said City." To perpetuate the succession, the mayor, recorder, aldermen, and common council met
on the Feast Day of Saint Andrew and elected the mayor from among the aldermen. Vacancies
among the aldermen were filled by election from the common council. The mayor, recorder, and
aldermen
filled vacancies
the
common
on
council by election
from the " Inhabitants and
Freeholders
of the said City,"
in order to maintain the number of common councilmen at twelve.
The charter provided that the mayor, recorder, and aldermen " be Justices of the Peace within
the said City, the Precincts and Liberties thereof, and Directors of the Buildings and Streets" and
with the common council " make, order, and appoint such By Laws, Rules and Ordinances for the
Regulation and good Government of the Trade and other Matters, Exigencies and Things within
the said City."
December 12- 18, 1976
December
14,
1776
The House of Delegates enacted a bill to establish a Court of Admiralty, a pressing need because
of the frequent capture of enemy ships as war prizes. This bill was one of several proposed by
Jefferson to reconstitute the judiciary. The other proposals were put aside until the 1778 session of
the General Assembly.
December
18, 1776
The House of Delegates instructed the governor and Council to order natives of Great Britain
who were partners or agents of British merchants to depart the state as soon after January 1777 as
possible, except for those who " heretofore uniformly manifested a friendly disposition to the
American
cause,
or
are
attached
to
this
country
by having
wives
or
children
here."
Numbers
of
Scottish and English merchants left the state the following year.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
i
1:
vitsiThe Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times December 1-8, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-12-08
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/5213b2c74793bb395bf43de191d40afe.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=s6gks37dmX8it85p%7Efod58qP5gDZtSCgzGP0l%7EGWA0U1WkFcB1x2vo2F0tEaaGqqw3AX7jDBjcNbGLCZSSrmjT79cMNTbCnG0Pmc6gsnOiOKUSHVW4WSAU9kuaW4ucXe6kogoUAtUWKkxOujoNBNOGUik6pv-gS3CJZvYQ7rtkmrQgGPlRbsX500HO2cO1nXiklb14Qt7-kYZN1ZLNaqD6GjG9likCvo00e0TndZs1E8vOh5MMFiAVd-xXzxMw-Fqyxf93OU72bLrSt0hU%7Evkm8LbEbZEXPBkQDHqsCJbuZU%7E6lmslYjo5UqNHxCCCfFpvGt7DNTh4JXHNVPmepFHw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
7c2461ba00e18010ce679ad729ec1758
PDF Text
Text
A>< A.
awljl
e.
sLe.
oQverk
eet. t..
GG
These BiT
If.ia0li111101_ .
rue,
,,
,
EEK IN 76-,./!!
Alexander Purdie, Virginia Gazette,
11
January
1,
CH!
1976
DECEMBER
December
19- 25,
PA.,MP1-II.ET FILE
4rCCRD
COPY)
1976
7,
w'/ L1.
December 20, 1776
On this day the Virginia Gazette reported the destruction by fire of Chericoke, the home of
Carter Braxton in King William County:
The elegant house of Carter Braxton esq. one of the delegates for King William, was unfortunately
buret down last Wednesday evening, with a great part of the valuable furniture.
Besides
the "
valuable
furniture."
Benjamin
Harrison
mourned
the loss of the " fine Liquors"
in
Braxtan' s famous wine cellar that had fed the flames.
TEN
POUNDS
REWARD
Will be given to any person
who will deliver
me a dark
bay horse about 14 hands 2 inch , high,
formerly the property of mr. Richard Charlton of this city, at present belonging to Capt. Ih• nue), of
the artillery. His mark is somewhat remarkable, having an S on one of his buttocks( hut which I do
not remember) that appears very conspicuous when curried, but hardly perceivable without.
Whoever has the said horse will please return him immediately to me in York town, or to mr.
Russell at capt. Anderson' s tavern. Ten Ixwnds will be given for the thief, fully convicted.
William Pierce, jun.
William
studied
Pierce,
Jr.,
PAINTING
returned
under
to the colonial capital in 1775 from Annapolis
the celebrated
Mr.
Peale."
where he had
In November of that year the Virginia
Gazette reported:
Mr. William Pierce, junior, of this city, who was in the late engagement at Hampton( and whose
genius is greatly admired for many valuable productions in the celebrated art of painting) we are
informed,
is now executing a plan of the same in a most elegant and circumstantial
manner.
There are no known extant paintings by Pierce. By 1777 he was promoted to captain in the
artillery forces and after 1780 he dropped from sight.
On December 20 the Virginia Gazette reported:
Last Tuesday George Webb, esq., was chosen by the legislature to be treasurer of this common-
wealth, in the room of Robert C. Nicholas, esq., who has resigned that important trust( which he
filled with much honour to himself, and applause from his country) rather than forego his best
services, as a delegate in Assembly, at this critical conjuncture.
Robert Carter Nicholas, son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas, was
born in or near Williamsburg in 1728. He attended William and Mary and later studied law. When
the offices of Speaker of the House of Burgesses and Treasurer of the Colony were separated in
1766 after the death of John Robinson, Nicholas was appointed treasurer. While he held the
position he played an important role in the events that led to the Revolution. He was cool, conser-
vative, and a patriot, and his temperment helped keep the fervor of local patriots in check. In 1778
he was appointed to the council of the state. Two years later Nicholas died at his estate in
Hanover
County.
1776
�December 25--: 31,
1976
December 27, 1776
On this day
21. the Virginia Gazette published a resolution passed by the General Assembly on
December
Whereas it hath been recommended to the good people of this colony to enter into associations for
the support of the wives and children of the poor who shall enter into the several battalions now
raising
within this
and whereas
he
subscribed
for commonwealth,
the purposes aforesaid:
it is not certain that sufficient sums will immediately
Resolved, that the courts of the several counties be required, and they are hereby empowered, to
furnish the wives and children of such poor soldiers, who cannot be maintained by such associations,
with necessary provisions, and to draw on the treasurer for such sums of money as shall be requisite,
who is hereby required to pay the same.
The families of soldiers certainly suffered during the war, and many of them petitioned the
legislature for assistance. Elizabeth Foster, for instance, petitioned the House of Delegates on
November 7, 1776, for financial assistance because her husband was killed by a cannon ball at the
Battle of Gwynn Island and left her" with a child about nine months old, without a house, or any
support."
resolved
Two weeks
later, after an investigation by the Committee of Public Claims, the House
Mrs.
to
allow
Foster 220"
for her present support."
Mrs. Foster' s case was one of many
that were to be considered by the House from 1776 until well into the nineteenth century.
ON TIME
0! mark how swift these precious moments fly!
Like man, no sooner are they born than die,
Then snatch this prize! 0! clasp this nobel store!
Remember, time once lost is time no more.
And since time' s wheel so rapidly doth run,
Reflect how soon the thread of life is spun.
How soon death comes! the common lot to man,
Ere nature' s measured out her given span.
0! think, on this depends ( therefore no longer wait)
Thy future happiness, thy everlasting fate.
Then use the present as if' twas thy last,
And then with pleasure thou shalt view the past.
Virginia Gazette( Dixon &
Hunter), January 3, 1777.
Compiled
by
Harold B. Gill, Jr.
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times December 19-31
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-12-31
-
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a81fc096df60329caa2e308c08226227
PDF Text
Text
e
1.
44
1
ii.
These Boisterous Times.. .
i
Iri!
i,
tm,.
A
i/,'
~ '
4)
i
,
-
Alexander
Purdie, Virginia Gazette,
1776
J anuary
1976
c.;:
tcH1V4s
1- 7, 1976
RECORD •
COPY '.
FEBRUARY
February
2,
February
Excerpts
o
1776
from Thomas
Paine'
s
Common
Sense
appeared
in
Purdie'
s
Virginia
Gazette on February 2 and in John Pinkney' s on February 3. Paine' s work was prob-
ably the most influential of all Revolutionary pamphlets and was designed to rally
support to the Patriot cause. A new edition of Common Sense was announced in the
Pennsylvania Gazette on February 14, of which " several hundred are bespoke, 1000
for Virginia." Not everyone was enthusiastic about the book. Landon Carter thought
it was" nonsense instead of Common Sense."
Williamsburg, Feb. 2, 1776
The subscriber intends moving up to Fredericksburg, where he will carry on the
stocking making business to a greater extent than formerly. He will be much obliged
to those who please to favour him with their work, and makes no doubt but what
work he does will meet with the approbation of the publick, for which he will expect
ready
money.
Adam Allan.
Adam Allan arrived in Virginia from Great Britain in 1772 and established a
stocking manufactory" at Williamsburg. He may have been inclined to move to
Fredericksburg because in September 1775 he managed to recover the " Great Seal
and Crest of the Collony of Virginia" for Lord Dunmore.
In Fredericksburg, Allan' s loyalist sympathies got him into trouble again. This
time he was " stript naked to the waist, Tarr' d and Feather' d and in that Situation
Fredericksburg upwards of two hours." Allan failed to mention how
he so offended the citizens of the town. Somehow Allan managed to remain alive and
Carted through
finally escaped to the British lines in November 1776.
February 7, 1776
On February 7, the Committee of Safety unanimously appointed Edmund Dickinson captain of the " recruits to be raised" in the District of York. Dickinson, a Wil-
liamsburg cabinetmaker, plied his trade at Anthony Hay' s old stand on Nicholson
Street. In 1776 when the Governor' s Palace was being refurnished for the new state
governor, Dickinson supplied some of the furniture.
In 1777 Dickinson was promoted to Major of the 1st Virginia Regiment, and he
was killed at the Battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1778. George Washington believed
that
he had lost "
a valuable
officer."
Notice of Dickinson' s death appeared
in the
Universal Magazine, an English publication.
The Virginia Committee of Safety in Williamsburg appointed John James Beckley
assistant
clerk
on
0
e
wil-t-`'
February
7.
Beckley,
at this time only 18 years
old, had worked
PAMPHLET FILE
�with John Clayton, clerk of Gloucester County, since his arrival in Virginia as an
indentured servant in 1769. On June 22, 1779, Beckley was appointed. clerk of the
Virginia House of Delegates, and he was elected the first clerk of the United States
House of Representatives in 1789.
February 8- 14
February 10, 1776
The Committee of Safety appointed a committee to agree with James Anderson for
the use of his blacksmith shop in Williamsburg for public service on February 10.
Anderson had served as armorer at the Public Magazine
cessful blacksmith.
since 1766 and was a suc-
In March the committee agreed with Anderson to rent his shop and tools and to
pay him and his workmen wages. The first extant copy of the contract is dated March
1777 when it was renewed:
Mr. James Anderson this day agreed to do Blacksmith' s work for the Commonwealth
of Virginia at his shop in Williamsburg on the following terms for six months, and for
a longer time unless he shall give the Board one month' s notice of his intention to
decline the Business, or they shall give him the same notice of their intention to discontinue him viz. Mr. Anderson is to be allowed fifteen shillings per day for his own
wages including Sundays, for the rent of his shop, six setts of Tools and eight Vices for
the Gunsmiths Business at the rate of ninety pounds per annum, he is to be allowed
1/ 6 per day for boarding each work man, for his two forges and five apprentices three
pounds per month Fach, and if he is deprived of either of them by any accident he is
to supply thlr place with another Hand as good; He is to employ workmen as the
public Business requires on the best terms he can, and charge the country with whatever wages he pays.
By 1779 Anderson' s business had outgrown his shop so that is was necessary to
rent the old Anthony Hay cabinet shop on Nicholson Street for more space. The
shops were moved to Richmond in 1780, where they were heavily damaged by the
British in January 1781.
Anderson continued in his capacity of public blacksmith until 1782 when he
resigned and returned to Williamsburg, where he died in September 1798.
Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times February 1-14, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-02-14
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/b63632fe1fc103888faa41258ac265d3.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=huE4c-VaKUXJje0imgo5c-7UkVW-H6-iENeeOPZZjzfrDbx3-ngfRx9SY9DEyonydFdjDGrQeiFvlnrNB4SVJImrPqhaYXwKTcQU2y6YxI08XRda4ImrvbT3ebWWJFme9QsMQeDObXq3T2IQ-ujk2wquMPhvvtGQuRzDYBtI%7EFg01glOXYB5eyBYepAoOoGIJgl9V6zVwXKp9PQSC0csYYPdrRv23B7pEno7QP8vzPCynpTKIZ2kEEos26entJ2R-WNMSW1XFKU%7EX%7EHKe3PNDx2U7-xiI6IaHjcYVpUjblC9MrVje7fm8R5jtqcRYkE-Y8coMSRfLoaZTBI227Q4DA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
986483e84d78cf476d7d3eda56ef9b7b
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Text
8 6
o' r
111111110101WW411Pr
o--
M
_ ,,
6
MIKI -
LWTim
'
.
These
OZSterous.
i
A'.,_
IN 76'
EE
THE
Alexander
Purdie,
Virginia
euarl7
Nis
JANUARY
The fourth
Williamsburg
a
day
and then adjourned to
represented Williamsburg in the place
Congress. The Convention
except Sunday at the Capitol from January 1 through January 20.
on
Wythe
met every
day
December
who
was
2.
Joseph
delegate
a
iiii
1976
Virginia Convention met in Richmond for
of George
G
RCN, Fm
•/
Prentis
to the Continental
PcCCDD •
e
o
n
CDPY
i
eo
9
w_—
January
1- 3, 1976
PAMPHLET
January 1, 1776
Alexander Purdie, publisher of the Virginia Gazette, announced that he would
require half of the money in advance for new subscriptions because of increased
expenses
and his need for cash.
Williamsburg,
Jan. 1, 1776
Considering the great rise in the price of Paper, the high expense attending the
transportation of it to this place from Philadelphia, and the difficulty there is to procure it almost on any terms, the Printer is reduced to the necessity of demanding
half the year' s subscription money from every new subscriber to his Gazette, and
begs that those who owe him for the last 11 months( from Feb. 3, 1775, to Dec. 31)
which is lls. 6d. would send in their subscriptions, and those that subscribed later to
pay in to Dec. 31st, at the rate of 12d. halfpeny per month, that he may begin a new
account, this New Year, with all his customers, whom he shall endeavour to serve to
the utmost of his abilities, and hopes to be able to furnish them always with pleasing
intelligence,
Those
even in these boisterous times.
indebted
to
me,
likewise,
for Advertisements,
Books,
Stationary, &
c.
will. exceedingly oblige me by paying off their accounts; as I have some debts of my
own to discharge, which I would willingly settle as soon as I am able.
I am the Publick' s obliged
And devoted
servant,
Alex. Purdie
By 1776 the paper mill in Williamsburg, founded by William Parks about 1744,
had apparently ceased operations and printing paper was being imported from Philadelphia by water. Colonial ships were now fair game for British men- of-war off the
coast, so transporting goods from Philadelphia by ship became risky and uncertain,
and higher prices resulted.
January 4- 10, 1976
January 5, 1776
In
response
American"
to the
wrote
burning
of Norfolk
in the Virginia
by
Lord Dunmore
Gazette advocating
on
January
independence: "
1,
1776, " An
Most freely
would I cut the Gordian knot which has hitherto formerly bound us to Britain, and
call on France and Spain for assistance against an enemy who seem bent on our
destruction."
About 30 British prisoners captured at the Battle of Great Bridge ( December 9,
1775) arrived in Williamsburg.
Williamsburg, Jan. 6, 1776
Yesterday were brought to this city, from the Great Bridge, Lieutenant Batut and
five or six privates of the 14th regiment, who were wounded at the late battle at that
place;
also
several
Tories,
sailors,
and
negroes,
prisoners,
in the
whole
about
30.
FILE
�January 6, 1776
Pictures of the Battle of Bunker Hill and a map of the" present Seat of Civil War"
were advertised for sale at Dixon and Hunter' s printing office in Williamsburg.
Just come to Hand, and to be Sold at the Printing- Office, A large and exact View of
the late Battle at Charlestown, Elegantly coloured, Price one Dollar.
Also an accurate Map of the present Seat of Civil War, Taken by an able Draughtsman who was on the Spot at the late Engagement. Price one Dollar.
January 11- 17, 1976
January 16, 1776
To be Sold before Robert Nicholson' s store, on Tuesday the 16th instant, A Great
variety of cabinetmakers tools, mohogany, walnut, and pine plank, ' likewise new
walnut
book
cases,
desks,
tables, &
c. belonging to the estate of mr. Peter Scott,
deceased. Six months credit will be allowed for all sums about 5L. the purchasers
giving bond with good security.
All persons indebted to the said estate, by bond or open account, are requested
to pay off as soon as possible; and those to whom the estate are indebted are desired
to call and receive payment, from
Alexander
Robert
Nicholson,
Craig,
Executors.
Peter Scott, a well- known Williamsburg cabinetmaker, had died in November
1775 at the age of 81 and the goods remaining in his shop were sold at auction. Scott
operated his shop on Duke of Gloucester Street across from Bruton Parish Church for
43 years and had served on the Common Council of the City of Williamsburg for
about 40 years. He made desks, bookcases, and tables of mahogany and walnut, but
no extant pieces of his cabinet work are known to exist.
Alexander Craig, one of Peter Scott' s executors, died sometime during the week of
January 12- 19. Each of Williamsburg' s three newspapers published notices of his
death.
Deaths] Mr. Alexander Craig, than whom a more honest, friendly, and obliging
man, does not exist; and whose memory will be always dear to his family, his friends,
and numerous acquaintances.
He was a committeeman,
and one of the common- hall
of this city, and carried on the saddling business, in all its branches, tis a greater
extent than any one ever did before in this colony.
Craig, a saddler, had been a resident of Williamsburg at least from 1748. He
carried on an extensive leatherworking business, which included a tannery on
Capitol Landing Road, and owned a shop next to the Raleigh Tavern and other
property
on
York Street
and in York
County.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times January 1-17, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-01-17
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/460beafc7a1f1bff6a3afb81baf48693.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=uXrEE2zhvpGiS4av90qMCdOHmCF22MrQ1%7EtiptO6Vl-YAiubPLN3%7EyMTlx-EeyZY4%7EZydvunmhWij4Mi3LyMlOhexTWdztlF%7EPAw7EQOWd58k3GZzbDkbkjIx2zazUjdVTVHwFzaq5%7EN1953yns1blG7OOhp%7Eig9oTcVio8YiprIBim6dcMPfc4sWTYw%7EF8AyWsN-xX%7E-ln-xR3ZiEtCdujw%7EKR1i-IQqe5FITh4Og0FnOpL7-Kv%7EcNOZuz-Ze1%7EtKKOhWdZ29VWjLXsuNKdXu0Izllg5swuL2lt3EVnw1alUSpGur47fjmBbJ1zS1DJEIWKboNpnoy5RbF0WnHFyw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
4a2b527dc3046b369eecf6369855ebc7
PDF Text
Text
R
e6
14111
i1
hese Boist' rous Times.. ."
hill
TH
File
76
'I
WEE
t°
Alexander Purdie, Virginia Gaze
January 1, 1776
i
JANUARY
Rc"`
1976
4-
R CO ''RD
January
t
18- 24, 1976
COP Y
ti•
20,
January
The
1776
fourth
Convention,
Virginia
which
had
been
meeting
in
Williamsburg
since
December, was adjourned. The Convention had laid the foundation for Virginia' s navy,
established county commissions to try loyalists who had borne arms, extended the
committee of safety for another year, ordered construction of salt works and powder mills
to relieve shortages of those commodities, and approved the " opening of our ports to all
persons willing to trade with us; Great Britain, Ireland, and the British West Indies
excepted."
Williamsburg, Jan. 20, 1776
I intend to leave the Colony immediately.
William Maitland.
William Maitland, a merchant, had arrived in Virginia in 1771 and had established a
business in Williamsburg, in partnership with Robert Miller, a local businessman and
bursar of the College. When Miller was absent in 1775 he left Maitland in charge and also
appointed him to " transact the Business of Bursar to the College of William and Mary."
But like many Virginians, Maitland was loyal to the king, and he joined Lord Dunmore
and abandoned "
considerable
property" (
unspecified) in Williamsburg.
January 21, 1776
Mr. Peter Scott' s old house in this city, which he had rented and lived in for 43 years,
was burnt down last Sunday night, by accident.
There
was
constant
danger in Williamsburg of fires.
Most of the buildings
were built
of wood, and even brick structures were not fireproof. The Wren Building at the College
burned in 1705 and the Capitol in 1747. The College acquired a fire engine in 1716, and
one was ordered for the Capitol in 1754. The first mention of a fire engine being used in
Williamsburg occurred when Dr. Peter Hay' s Apothecary Shop burned in 1756. By 1761
the City of Williamsburg had purchased an engine.
Scott's house was owned by John Parke Custis, George Washington' s stepson. Edmund
Randolph described the fire to Washington and assured him that the state government
would pay for the damages because the fire was started by soldiers quartered in the
building:
About 5 days since, Mr. Custis' s Tenement, where Scot lived, opposite the Church, was
burnt to the Ground, by the Negligence of some of the Soldiers, who had been quartered
there. The Wind, being due South, the out- House escaped the Flames; the Difficulty of
saving the Church became thereby very great. The Country are surely answerable for this
Damage,
as
gm
w
it accrued
in their
service.
PAMPHLET FILE
�January
January
24,
25- 31,
1776
1976
Fredericksburg, Jan. 24, 1776
The commissioners of the Gun Manufactory want a considerable quantity of Brass, for
mountings. Any old brass ( not mixed with bell metal) will do. Mr. Robert Nicolson of
Williamsburg will receive, and pay for, any quantity that may be delivered there: and the
commissioners beg the attention of other gentlemen to this necessary article. The cash will
be paid, on notice, by
The Commissioners.
Robert Nicolson, a well-known tailor and merchant, owned a store on Duke of Gloucester
Street near the Raleigh Tavern. He worked for many prominent citizens, among them St.
George Tucker, Robert Carter, and Lord Botetourt. It was not unusual for Nicolson to be
appointed agent for the Commissioners of the Gun Factory, because merchants were
often named to collect money or perform other tasks for out-of-town concerns.
January 25, 1776
Because of tightened credit and high wages, Archibald Diddep, a Williamsburg tailor,
announced that he would no longer extend credit to his customers.
Archibald Diddep, Tailor, Williamsburg, Returns his employers in general, and his old
customers in particular, the most cordial thanks for past services, and shall always be ready
to execute any command which they may hereafter intrust him with. As his family is
extensive, journeymens wages very high, and his creditors exceedingly solicitous for their
due, he hopes those whose accounts have been long standing will not take it amiss should
he earnestly entreat them to make immediate payment; and those for whom he shall in
future do business, it is expected, will not hesitate to tender down the cash so soon as their
work is done. Ladies riding habits are still made by him, on the shortest notice.
Francis Street, January 25, 1776.
In 1767, when he was about twenty years old, Archibald Diddep testified in a dispute
between James Mercer and Dr. Arthur Lee. Lee challenged Mercer to a duel to be
decided at the race track near Waller's Grove, just outside Williamsburg. Mercer appeared at the time and place appointed, but he claimed that Lee did not. Archibald Diddep,
who was employed as a tailor in Robert Nicolson' s shop on Francis Street, testified that
Nicolson believed
Mercer, a lodger in Nicolson' s house, to be in danger and asked him to
watch from the shop door. Diddep claimed that he had a clear view from Dr. Lee' s front
door to the race track and saw no one leave or enter Lee' s house. Diddep' s testimony,
along with that of others, proved that even though Lee challenged Mercer, Lee did not
keep the appointment.
By 1773 Diddep had opened a tailor' s shop next door to the Semple house on Francis
Street, where he carried on his work until his death in 1787. He was appointed an ensign
in Captain Southall' s company of Williamsburg militia on August 22, 1777.
January 27, 1776
The paper shortage had become so serious that John Pinkney announced in Dixon and
Hunter' s Gazette that he was unable to publish his newspaper this week.
After having received so many Instances of public Favour, I should think myself
inexcusable did I not make known the Reason why I do not this Week publish a Gazette. It
is owing to a Disappointment in receiving Paper from the Northward, which no human
Prudence could have prevented. Next Week, however, or in a short Time, I expect a very
considerable Quantity, when I shall endeavour to make up for all Deficiencies, and shall
continue to render my Paper, as far as the most unwearied Diligence can enable me, the
Vehicle of instructive Amusement, and of every Piece of authentic Intelligence, which may
be either curious or important. It gives me the greatest uneasiness that I cannot publish
such Advertisements
as ought to have appeared this Week, but as far as a Restitution of
Money can atone for the Disappointment,
it shall be made.
I am the Public' s obliged,
and devoted Servant,
John Pinkney.
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times January 18-31, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-01-31
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/e6ea1bc77ee41388296c6cc9450114dd.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=kMBELP73M1JJGWR%7Ek4jbEJCaLCsbuoi7vnOy80RyHN0AxY8KliEp8N5XHcjbh1XGF%7ExIldZty6ExuLD3yxUFhFi7ZgdQXxfKUwVkkOtgiZdsdqQUua22hqqhTb5SOiCoN3t0rckY7TfPZZaGkQrKDfu--OdZdzOLzes5Gzm6ZRcPh7Y69gHyO9y3Hopi3nXWb4CKInTyIiNs9w23ken3motRMuC8Oo3wqo-CkyyaMsCo-zpfHH1JF4oL8anN8N%7Ej-vJicwUDHz1x7rubjCge%7EwiZOjY9M3%7EIUyjVOmZ--KlP1C3R4XJFDSm54TuLgMtywx8Cvwgamb%7ELuxbQOEEpHg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
f2ca8b70e200ba5b13a29a2b61ffa31a
PDF Text
Text
0-111 c, 1, ,,.
Pr...,t o
tt„--, 13- ue-tz.
Q,
0.,_.- .
,
air
liir
li
li
These BoisterousTes.
l
halrbiI
r,
EEK N 76 ...
THE
Alexander
Purdie, Virginia Gazette,
January
July
1,
1-
1776
1976
JULY
July
1,
ZcH,
Pi-
10,
1976
Fs
ntCCP O
1776
COopy
g
h
On
June
29 the Convention elected Patrick
Henry
governor,
and
July
on
1
the Convention
I,
w1L
p
resolved:
That the former resolution of this Convention for appropriating the Palace, and as many of the out
buildings
as
might
be necessary for
the
purpose of
a
public Hospital,
be
now
rescinded;
and that the
committee appointed to notify the Governour his appointment do also inform him, the Convention
desire he will make the same his place of residence.
On Friday, July 5, 1776, the Convention appropriated .E1, 000 to purchase furniture for the
Palace. The furniture " belonging to the country" already in the Palace was to be appraised and
deducted from the 21, 000. Some furniture was purchased from citizens such as William Byrd and
other pieces from Richard Booker and Benjamin Bucktrout, local cabinetmakers. James Honey,
another Williamsburg cabinetmaker, was paid for repairing furniture in the Palace..
July 5, 1776
On this day the Committee of Safety was dissolved and the Convention adjourned until October
1776, when the first General Assembly under the new constitution convened. The last act of the
Convention was to accept the report of the " committee appointed to devise a proper seal for this
Commonwealth":
TO BE ENGRAVED
ON THE GREAT
SEAL
VIRTUS, the genius of the commonwealth, dressed like an Amazon, resting on a spear with one
hand, and holding a sword in the other, and treading on TYRANNY, represented by a man
prostrate, a crown fallen from his head, a broken chain in his left hand, and a scourge in his right.
In the exergon,
the word VIRGINIA over the head of VIRTUS: and underneath the words Sic
semper tyrannuis. On the reverse, a groupe. LIBERTAS, with her wand and pileus. On one side of
her CERES, with the cornucopia in one hand, and an ear of wheat in the other. On the other side
AETERNITAS,
with the glove and phoenix.
In the exergon, these words: Deus Nobis Haec Otia
Fecit.
Richard Henry Lee wrote from Williamsburg on July 6 that " A new Great Seal, adapted to our
State is ordered to be made, and now, we have in all respects a full and free Government which this
day begins the exercise of its powers."
July 6, 1776
Patrick Henry was inaugurated as the first governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Henry
was so ill at the time that John Page, a member of the Council, was worried that Henry might die
before he could be given the oath of office. If that happened, then there would be no executive
authority because the members of the Council could not legally act until they had received their
oaths of office from the governor. Page wrote Thomas Jefferson:
The Post being about to set out in a few Hours, in which Time I am to wait on our new Governor to
administer to him the Oaths, to be qualified by him to act in my new Department,
some
public Business
of Importance.
and to dispatch
PAMPHLET FILE
�I must immediately attend the Governour, who is very ill. If he should die before we have
and chosen a President the Country will be without any head— every
onlusion. But four of our Board are in Town, who cannot chuse a President.
qualified
Thing must be in
John Page was elected president of the Council and actually served as chief executive during
Henrys absence because of sickness. Henry did not attend the council until September 17, 1776.
July 9, 1776
Virginia troops commanded by General Andrew Lewis drove Lord Dunmore and his hand of
followers
Drubbing.
from Gwynn'
The
Fleet
s
Island.
John
Page
bragged: "
Ld.
Dunmore
left 7 fine Cables and Anchors worth
at
has
had a most compleat
least £ 1200, three of their Tenders
compleatly furnished fell into our Hands."
For the next month Dunmore' s fleet cruised the Potomac River, burning one plantation and
terrorizing the area in search of water and provisions. Dunmore left Virginia for New York on
August 5.
July 11- 17, 1976
July 14, 1776
Strayed. or Stolen, from the Subscriber, a likely bald- faced sorrel Horse, with a short Switch Tail
and Mane, one fore and one hind Leg a little white, branded on the near Buttock TN, his breast
marked by going in a Gear, trots and canters. Whoever brings the said Horse to me, opposite Mr.
Gabriel Maupin' s, shall have Twenty Shilings Reward.
Morto Brien.
Morto Brien was a chandler and soapmaker who moved to Williamsburg after the destruction of
Norfolk, where he had been in business for a long time. On July 26 he announced that he intended
to carry on his trade in Williamsburg:
The Subscriber ( lately from Norfolk) begs leave to inform the publick, that he has erected a
manufactory of SOAP and CANDLES in this city, and intends carrying on his business in the best
manner. He will give 7d. halfpenny a pound for tallow, 10d. for myrtle wax, 2s. 6d. for picked
cotton, and Is. for tow wick; for wood ashes 7d. half peny per bushel, and Is. 3d. for tobacco ashes.
He begs the inhabitants
in and about the city to be careful of their ashes, as he shall be able to
supply them with good soap cheaper than they can make it in their families.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
to •
The Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times July 1-17, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-07-17
-
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83540f5e8cd503a9cae53b9dcd5334b9
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Text
Oil
I
t
i _ .ill
Sit
I iitcc Boisterous. I irne
1g
EE
l
N
Fre
mu
`
.
Ilk . 7 ,
Alexander Purdie, Virginia Ga
January
117
6
PFyCH1t, .. s
JULY
July
1976
18- 24,
o Y ,`
1976
m)
e
9
wILL'
18,
PAMPHLET
1776
The Executive Council was probably surprised when one minuteman attended the session and
requested a discharge from military service:
William Wood, a minute man in Captain Nicholas Lewis' s Company applied to this Board, &
desired
that
he might be discharged&
permitted to return home; and upon examination it appears
that the said William Wood is Sixty five years old, and that he had entered into the service from a
motive of serving his Country; It is ordered, that he be discharged from doing any further duty in
the
said Company; &
that he be permitted to return home to his Family.
At the beginning of the war there was an enthusiastic display of patriotism by men volunteering
for service and forming military companies. But enthusiasm quickly dried up when men discovered
that military service had its drawbacks such as long marches and dull camp life. The state soon
found it necessary to resort to drafts to fill the ranks.
Four Pounds Reward. Strayed, or Stolen, on the 5th of this Month, a Light Bay Horse, 14 Hands
and an Inch high, with a Switch Tail, Blaze Face, a Blemish on his right Eye, and I think his right
hind Foot is white; trots and gallops. Whoever will deliver him to Mr. Richard Timberlake in King
William, or the Subscriber in Williamsburg, shall have Twenty Shillings Reward, and if Stolen,
Three
Pounds
on Conviction
of the Thief.
James Craig.
James Craig, a silversmith,
arrived in Williamsburg
about 1747. He carried on a successful
business at his shop, the Golden Ball, on Duke of Gloucester Street. Craig evidently retired from
business in 1779 but remained in Williamsburg where he died in 1794.
July 20, 1776
On this day the Executive Council recorded in its journal a payment to Robert Andrews:
Ordered, That
twelve
a
Draught
Andrews,
Warrant
issue to Mr. Robert Andrews for One hundred &
that
pence in full of his own Account&
of the Posts of Williamsburg, York, Hampton, & c.
shillings&
six
forty nine [ pounds]
of his assistant for making a survey&
who had served as a tutor to the children of Mann Page of Rosewell,
later became
professor of mathematics at the College of William and Mary. In February 1776 he drew plans for a
boat for the state and as mentioned above, he made plans for military posts on the peninsula. He
later served on the commission to define the Pennsylvania- Virginia line and he also served in the
General
Assembly.
He died in
Williamsburg
in 1804.
F
�July
25- 31,
1976
July 24, 1776
The Council was still involved at this time in preparing the Palace and its grounds for the
reception of Patrick Henry, the new governor. The house had already been refurnished and now
the governor wanted to remove some agencies that had occupied the outbuildings.
to
Ordered, That the Commanding Officer at this Station be requested to order the Quarter Master,
remove the Waggons,
Horses& c. from the Palace as soon as possible and that he finish without
delay the Fence agreed by the Governor to be the division of the Park between that part wanted for
his own use and that allotted for the use of the Public supposed to contain two hundred Acres of
Land.
Ordered, That the Commanding Officer at this Station be requested to give orders to the
Commissary of Provisions immediately to remove himself and Effects from the Palace and that he
clean out, and leave the Houses in the same condition in which they were, at the Time of his taking
possession of them.
July 25, 1776
July 22 the Council ordered: " That the Declaration of Independence be solemnly proclaimed
at four oClock in the afternoon on Thursday next at the Capitol in the City of Williamsburg also at
and at the Palace." The mayor of Williamsburg was requested that the
the Court of Hustings,
On
corporation " give their attendance."
On July 26 the Virginia Gazette reported:
Yesterday afternoon, agreeable to an order of the Hon. Privy Council, the DECLARATION of
INDEPENDENCE
was solemnly proclaimed at the Capitol, the Courthouse,
and the Palace,
amidst the acclamations of the people, accompanied by firing of cannon and musketry, the several
regiments of continental
troops having been paraded on that solemnity.
Many years later a veteran recalled: " In July 1776 the regiment marched to Williamsburg where
the Declaration of Independence was read to the troops by Benjamin Waller, Clerk of the General
Court."
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
Pt
The Colonial
r
ri
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times July 18-31
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-07-31
-
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4d8c1ce20dc2d0e258b093c727cda4d1
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Text
ram!-
i
i
1
neseBo seer
1*
Y•
Il
Iv`
p
i
THE
roc,
r_
0. 15,..--_,
1
Ale
K__
9
.
i 4 ,
6 :_
2- N .
6-_:
7,
Alexander Purdie, Virginia Gazett
January 1, 1776
I
JUNE 1976
June
1- 5,
Pic"
1976
REr .,
n
o
I
1,
1.,
1776
7d'
willgive
College
or
per
Capitol
lb. for Bacon, and 4 1. per Barrel for Pork, delivered
and 6d'
per lb. for Bacon delivered any
Landings;
provided I have 2000 Weight delivered at any
these prices till I give Notice to the Contrary in the Gazette.
Williamsburg,
one
in
Place.
I shall
continue
to
with suppliers for beef, pork, and flour to be delivered at Williamsburg to supply the large number
of troops stationed there. Hawkins performed his work so well that in April 1778 he was appointed
heard of
the
appointment
he
wrote: "
I
have heard so good an account of his Character that I hope the most salutary effects will ensue."
Unfortunately, Hawkins died in May, within a month of his appointment. Jefferson believed that no
man
with Hawkins'
s abilities
could be found. He
wrote: "
His eye immediately pervaded the whole
state, it was reduced at once to a regular machine, to a system, and the whole put into movement
and animation by the fiat of a comprehensive
mind."
June 6- 12, 1976
June 7, 1776
Now selling by the subscriber, in Williamsburg, for ready money, at the corner store of doctor
William Carter' s brick house, the following articles, viz. Rum, geneva, cordials of different sorts,
Philadelphia
coarse
steel, sole leather, calf skins, fine and coarse hats, fine and coarse linens, brown do.
woolen
cloths,
and coffee.
Adam Ekart.
Dr. William Carter usually rented to shop- keepers the eastern room of his house, now called the
Brick House Tavern, on Duke of Gloucester Street. In 1771 a milliner, Margaret Hunter, rented
the space, and it was later occupied by James Nichols, wigmaker. Thomas Brend, bookbinder and
stationer, operated his shop in the corner store in 1780. Adam Ekart, a merchant, rented the store
for several years. Ekart was one of many people who suddenly appear in the local records and
disappear just as suddenly. The advertisement above is the only record of Ekart in Williamsburg.
He died in Loudoun County in 1792.
Dr. William Carter was the brother of John Carter, who owned a store next to the Raleigh
Tavern, and of Dr. James Carter, who operated an apothecary shop at the sign of the " Unicorn' s
Horn."
They were the sons of John Carter, keeper of the public jail in Williamsburg. William
Carter died in Richmond in 1799.
June
12,
1776
The Convention meeting in Williamsburg passed the first Declaration of Rights in America. The
sixteen-part declaration was essentially the work of George Mason. The declaration was the model
for
other
such documents,
including
the
first
ten
amendments to
the
,
9@
PAMPHLET FILE
give
The Virginia Committee of Safety appointed John Hawkins commissary of provisions for the
Washington
_
or at the
Williamsburg,
where within 100 miles of
Virginia troops in September 1775. He traveled about the state in October 1775 and contracted
for the Continental Army. When
CO? Ya.
w'
John Hawkins.
commissary
•
e
o
June
i
United States
Constitution.
�June 13- 19, 1976
June 14, 1776
Honey& Harrocks, cabinetmakers, Williamsburg, beg leave to acquaint the publick, that they carry
on the said business in all its branches; they likewise make Flax Wheels and Check Reels, and also
Stock Guns in the neatest manner. As materials cannot be procured at this time upon credit, they
expect ready money for their work.
Good encouragement will be given to a couple of Journeymen, who will be liked the better if
they are acquainted with Turning. An Apprentice is also wanted.
James Honey and Richard Harrocks established their cabinetmaking business in Williamsburg in
1776. During the Revolution they repaired furniture in the Governor' s Palace and provided cabinet
work for some of the state' s naval vessels. The business prospered. In August 1776 Honey and
Harrocks again advertised for journeymen cabinetmakers and" likewise three or four Journeymen
who
are
acquainted
with making
Flax
Wheels."
After the Revolution
Harrocks disappeared
from
the records, but Honey announced in 1782 that he had " on hand a large quantity of Mahogany,
Walnut, and
other
materials,
fit for carrying
on
his business
more
extensively
than
ever."
James
Honey died in Williamsburg in 1787.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times June 1-19, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-06-19
-
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ba70556e5c94295b9a8940e0a099bb69
PDF Text
Text
I
1
1
hioI
These BoisterouTimes..
.
s
r41-1111
THE
flo.
EE
I
i. .
A.,..
7
Alexander Purdie, Virginia Gazette.
January 1, 1776
FCHrt, `
JUNI: 1976
EC
D •
COPY ,
June
June
21,
20- 26, 1976
q
1776
Wanted, for the use of the Continental Hospital in Virginia, a quantity of Old Linen proper to make
lint and bandages. All persons who have any such to dispose of are desired to apply to the
subscriber, in Williamsburg.
William Rickman.
William Rickman, a former surgeon on a British man- of-war, settled in Charles City County
about 1770. He married Betsey Harrison, daughter of Benjamin Harrison of Berkeley, in 1775.
Possibly through the influence of his father- in- law, the Continental Congress elected Rickman
director and chief physician" of the Continental Hospital in Virginia on May 18, 1776. Dr.
Rickman immediately set up his headquarters in Williamsburg and in October 1776 announced in
the Virginia Gazette that the construction of the Continental hospital near Williamsburg would be
let to the lowest bidder."
In December 1777 Dr. Rickman was accused by several Virginia and North Carolina officers of
negligence "
Alexandria."
in not giving proper attendance to the officers and soldiers under inoculation at
Congress suspended the doctor and ordered him to answer the complaints before the
Medical Committee. The Committee found Rickman entirely innocent of the charges, and he was
ordered back to his post.
Dr. Rickman resigned his position in 1780 and returned to his estate, Millford, in Charles City
County. He died there in 1781.
June 25, 1776
The Commissioners appointed by Convention to lease the Lands of Lord Dunmore within the
County of York, and to sell his Slaves and personal Estate within this City, and the Neighbourhood
thereof, will, at the Palace, on Tuesday the 25th Instant, proceed to expose the said Slaves and
personal Estate to Sale, by Way of Auction; the Purchasers to be allowed a Year' s Credit on giving
Bond and Security. They also give Notice, that they will attend at Porto Bello on Monday the first
Day of the next Month, at 10 o' clock in the Morning, to execute the other Part of their Commission.
On June 15, 1776, the Convention, meeting in Williamsburg, appointed Thomas Everard,
Robert Prentis, Edmund Randolph, John Blair, and James Cocke commisioners to sell Lord
Dunmore' s personal property and rent his real estate in the Williamsburg area. The money arising
from the transactions went to the state treasury.
Porto Bello was an estate on Queen' s Creek, York County, acquired by Dunmore in 1773. The
farm was rented by the Commissioners to Dr. James Carter of Williamsburg, who in turn rented it
to the state to be used as a military hospital. The house at Porto Bello was destroyed by fire in 1915.
The
site
is
on
the
Camp Peary
property.
o
�June
June
27- 30, 1976
1776
28,
John Moody, smith and farrier, from Philadelphia, but late from Norfolk, begs leave to inform the
publick, that he has opened shop in this city, opposite to mr. Charles Taliaferro' s, near the church,
where he professes to shoe horses in all the different methods practised in Europe and America, and
cures them of most prevailing disorders. He also undertakes smiths work in general, for all kinds of
carriages,
favour
house work,
farmers
work,
edge
tools, &
c. and shall be much obliged to all those who
him with their custom.
After the destruction of the city in January 1776, many Norfolk craftsmen tried to reestablish
their businesses farther from the coast. John Moody settled in Williamsburg possibly on the site of
the present Armistead House next to Bruton Parish Church. The business prospered and when he
died in 1779, Moody' s personal estate sold for over . E1, 300.
June 29, 1776
After a little more than a month' s debate the Virginia Convention adopted a constitution for the
The task of preparing a constitution was entrusted to the same committee that
commonwealth.
new
had drawn up the Declaration of Rights. On May 24 Edmund Pendleton, who was not a member of
the committee, wrote Thomas Jefferson that " the Political Cooks are busy in preparing the dish."
Jefferson, at the Continental Congress, thought that a special convention should write the constitution. He sent several drafts that arrived too late but were of influence in the preamble and the
sections on the judiciary and western lands. George Mason submitted his draft of a plan of government in mid-June. It underwent a few changes, but most of Mason' s ideas were retained when the
convention gave its unanimous approval to the document on June 29.
The Constitution established a republican government for Virginia, composed of a governor with
little power elected annually by the legislature, an executive council, a bicameral legislature, and a
separate judiciary.
The Convention immediately set out to elect a governor. Patrick Henry was elected with 60
votes. Thomas Nelson received 45 votes, and John Page 1.
Compiled
by
Harold B. Gill, Jr.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times June 20-30
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-06-30
-
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dc8f3bf48175b5339b22606f6dcd55ff
PDF Text
Text
i
ifil
Ian
lir , I ,
1,
lip ,,
es.. .
1
1
1
ne
It
t
s
1'
6
I
THEJ
w rlj.,....
_
Alexander
Purdie,
Virginia
Gazett
January 1, 1776
C
1976
NECCRO
o
March 1- 6, 1976
COPY
o
1
w''
March
1,
Wanted
1776
for the army,
a
large
number
of SHOES,
for which ready money
PAMPHLET FILE
will be given; and I will
engage to take any quantity that can be furnished, throughout the year, from any part of the colony.
Such persons as can supply me, and are willing to engage, will meet with proper encouragement by
applying to the subscriber, or mr. Wm Armistead at the regimental store in Williamsburg.
William Aylett.
The regimental store, or Public Store as it was more commonly called, was established by the
21, 1775, " to provide arms and accoutrements,
on August
cloathes, waggons,
tents, and bedding on the best and cheapest terms" to Virginia troops. The store was in the care of
the Commissary of Stores and all supplies purchased by the State Agent, a purchasing agent, were
delivered to the Public Store. When the store was originally established William Aylett, a
Virginia Convention
merchant, was appointed to both positions. In September 1777 Aylett accepted the position of
Commissary General of the Southern Department and resigned his state offices. The Governor and
Council immediately appointed William Armistead, Aylett' s assistant, Commissary of Stores, and
Thomas Smith State Agent. Armistead held his position until the Public Store was discontinued in
1782.
The Commissary of Stores contracted with many Williamsburg craftsmen for shoes, clothing,
tents, and other supplies and furnished tools and materials to them. The store was housed in
buildings rented from William Hornsby. In October 1778 the state purchased Hornsby' s buildings
and lots for E3, 000.
March 5, 1776
On March 5, 1776, the Committee of Safety in Williamsburg ordered payment to James Slate for
making a sett of Colours for the Mecklenburg minute Battalion."
The first mention of Slate in Williamsburg was in July 1774, when he announced his arrival from
London
in the Virginia
Gazette:
Williamsburg,
July 19, 1774
James Slate, Tailor from London, begs leave to inform the Publick that he has just opened Shop the
second Door below Mr. Anderson' s Tavern, where he carries on his Business in all its Branches, and
will be much obliged to those who may please to favour him with their Custom.
Williamsburgers, always craving the latest fashions from England, must have flocked to Mr.
Slate, because two months after his first advertisement Slate offered " good encouragement" for
one or two Journeymen Tailors that understand their Business well."
Not only did Slate make flags for the Mecklenburg Minute Battalion, but he made them for other
units as well. There is no indication of the design of the flags, but each flag required 31/
4 yards of
persian,
a
silk fabric. Slate
also
made
uniforms,
tents,
and knapsacks
in large
numbers.
In
June
1776
�he advertised for three more journeymen tailors. In October and December 1777 he was paid over
el for making clothes for Bawbee, an Indian attending the College of William and Mary.
Bawbee, the half-breed son of a French trader in Detroit, arrived in Williamsburg from Fort Pitt
in November 1775. Dr. Thomas Walker brought Bawbee to Williamsburg to he entered into
William and Mary. Bawbee returned to his people in 1779 and spread unfavorable reports about
the Virginians.
March 7- 13, 1976
March 7, 1776
Williamsburg, March 8.
Yesterday 32 members of the Assembly met at the Capitol, pursuant to adjournment; which not
being a sufficient number to proceed on business, and no representative of the King appearing, they
thought proper farther to adjourn, to the First Thursday in May next, when that honourable body
will meet, as well as the General Convention, for the discussion of sundry important matters,
tending to the safety and well-being of the colony, and of America in general.
During the June session of the General Assembly, which met from June 1 to June 24, 1775,
Governor Dunmore fled Williamsburg because he believed his life was in danger. Nothing the
House of Burgesses
October meeting
could do convinced
not enough
Dunmore
appeared
to return,
so it adjourned
until October.
At the
proceed to Business." The House of Burgesses
again adjourned until the first Monday in March 1776. Still too few members appeared and the
members
to
House adjourned until May 6. On that day the minutes read:
Several Members met, but did neither proceed to Business, nor adjourn, as a House of Burgesses.
Finis.
March 9, 1776
Williamsburg,
March 9.
Last Saturday Captain Gregory' s company of regulars, from Charles City, and two others from
Spotsylvania, commanded by Captains Towles and Stubblefield, came to town; and this week also
arrived Capt. Smith' s company from King and Queen, Capt. Faulkner' s from Chesterfield, Capt.
Johnson' s from Lunenberg, and Capt. Hawe' s from Caroline. Many more are upon the march, and
hourly expected.
Troups arrived almost daily in Williamsburg to be outfitted and assigned stations. The companies
listed above were equipped with hunting shirts, leggings, and other items furnished by the Public
Store. Capt. Towle' s company was sent to relieve the minutemen stationed at Hampton who were
to be discharged, and Capt. Gregory' s company marched to Suffolk to reinforce the troops stationed
there.
While in Williamsburg the captains received their commissions from the Committee of Safety,
which paid them their recruiting expenses.
Compiled/.' v Harold/ t.Gi//.../h:
Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times March 1-13, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-03-13
-
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fb76f14d27352bb6c7b9d7084cef66ff
PDF Text
Text
04ryt-?Jk.60ti IK
a
_
...
11111-101
ISq
1
14
- Q4, r,„.,
7—.
These iioisterous Times.. .
r--
1
tipi ...Ail
\
i'
''
=
Alexander
Purdie, Virginia Gazette,
January 1, 1776
ac",,,
F,,
MARCH 1976
RECORD .
March 14-
COPY .
o
20, 1976
1'
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e
'""`
0"
March 19, 1776
On March
19 Blovet Pasteur
received payment from
the Committee
of Safety for"
maintenance"
of a prisoner of war.
Blovet Pasteur was the son of Jean Pasteur, a Huguenot barber and wigmaker, who arrived in
Williamsburg in 1700. Pasteur, a silversmith, owned a house on Nicholson Street but evidently
rented a shop next to the Raleigh Tavern from Alexander Craig. In 1767 he described
his shop" next
Pasteur sold imported
door
below
merchandise
the
Raleigh
tavern."
Like
other
craftsmen,
Williamsburg
in his shop:
Just Imported by the Subscriber, and to be Sold reasonably, at his Shop, in Williamsburg, A Choice
Assortment of Silver and Stone Work, consisting of Buckles, Buttons, etc. of the newest
Fashions.
Blovet Pasteur.
In 1778 Pasteur made buckles and buttons and mended " several small articles" for William
Cabell, a member of the General Assembly from Amherst County.
Pasteur died about 1790. Thomas Nelson wrote in 1802 that " he had been a mechanic and was
before the peace and until his death a perfect cripple. I believe he lived principally upon the
bounty
of
a
brother."
His benevolent brother was William Pasteur, the well- known Williamsburg
physician.
March 21-
27, 1976
March
23,
1776
Run away from the Vineyard, a little below Williamsburg, a Negro Man named Saundy, 5 Feet 6
Inches high, about 27 Years old, knock kneed; had on, when he went away, a dark red Newmarket
Coat. I have been informed he is lurking about Williamsburg. Whoever brings him to me shall have
15 s. Reward, besides what the law allows.
Andrew Estave.
Andrew Estave, a native of Bordeaux, France, arrived in Virginia about 1770. Encouraged by
Lord Botetourt, the House of Burgesses purchased a tract of land on York Road about a mile east of
Williamsburg for the purpose of establishing a wine industry in the Colony. Estave was engagedTheto
develop
the
vineyard using wild local grapes
that
he claimed
resembled
the`
Burgundy king."
Assembly allowed Estave six years to produce a marketable wine. In 1776 the Assembly appointed
a committee to report on the state of the vineyard. The committee found that about ten acres were
planted with 30, 000 vines, the buildings were in good repair, and the slaves were healthy, and it
recommended that the project be financed for a year or two longer. Despite the report, the
Assembly decided to discontinue the project and dispose of the land and slaves. The vineyard
buildings served as a hospital during the Revolution and the land was later given to the College of
William
and Mary.
PAMPHLET FILE
�March 28-
31, 1976
Williamsburg, March 29
This day his excellency Charles Lee, esq; major- general in the continental army, arrived at headquarters in this city, to take the command of the Virginia troops, attended by Otway Byrd and Lewis
Morris, esqrs, his excellency' s aids- de-camp, his secretary, mr. Nourse, mons. Le Brun, engineer,
and the rest of his suite.
Charles Lee, a retired British officer who had served in America during the French and Indian
War and later served as a major general in the Polish army, arrived in America in 1773. He
immediately encouraged the patriot leaders to raise an army and on June 17, 1775, the Continental
Congress appointed him a major general in the Continental army. After serving in the Boston seige,
where"
his
command
dirty
habits and obscenity gave
Department.
offense,"
on March 17, 1776, Congress assigned him the
of the Southern
When Lee arrived in Williamsburg, the Virginia officers in the city expressed their" high satisfaction" on his appointment. But Lee' s high- handed behavior soon caused some Virginia leaders to be
uneasy. After he appropriated the College of William and Mary for a military hospital, the Committee of Safety warned Lee not to " repeat such acts of power which though not intended may
produce destructive consequences as it will convey to the people an Idea of our being subjected to
an absolute military government whilst we are straining every nerve in defence of liberty."
At the Battle of Monmouth, in June 1778, Lee faced his first test as a field commander and he
failed it miserably. He was courtmartialed for his conduct and was suspended from service for a
year. At the end of the year Lee heard that Congress intended to dismiss him and he wrote such an
offensive
letter to Congress that he was dismissed.
He died in Philadelphia
in 1782.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
k.
sue.
Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
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These Boisterous Times March 14-31
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-03-31
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/59b99da42d8aab4a880fe201f6701b72.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=f4VtqK3h33xkq7QgmQqbX%7Ea7-D3T0hrHyHZ70KjFcDb8U%7EWP1HGEw4bTR9j%7E6Ii1OoECPeVlWctwW6ix3pZBAPpOlUDbzpOZo59O8cRw1Erswe54uqH1Dq-oJKWwhbGsVXRq5Srn-MfxxWHlxsM9fRhUe5OdVNEZxyGPrH1kbsoqCwW1eETV50Zjt5N0iV16f6Az2KNoxDGhNS6NLrmm3xOBx6ujWVgWXOPpJhe8uXF8f0GzZLiku4zkgJZHYx3QtpVI8immZ9MMRr%7E6BnPGSeyVaeiGfzUMJeZa3-2Z9moOrxzG4Swa0FJhiEc%7ESgzZBbZD9-lyhfPkS-vx2XNh3A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
72c741bcc6a8f8ddbca647b6bafcb25e
PDF Text
Text
3.
M '
i
04.
rb.
-.
6 c
li
These 11ozsterousTies.. .
1
1.
1
1.
II,
...,,,,.
tot„,....-*
IT
6•
Alexander
Purdie,
Virginia
gralini""
Gazette,
P0CHIle
T.
MAY 1976
May
May
1-
8, 1976
o
RECORD
COPY .
y
1%
6, 1776
wIL- 0'
The fifth Virginia Convention met at the Capitol in Williamsburg on May 6 and elected Edmund
Pendleton
president.
One of the
most
important legislative
assemblies
in
Virginia'
s
history,
the
Convention ordered the colony' s delegates to the Continental Congress to recommend that
Congress " declare
the United Colonies free and independent
states."
Virginia was the first colony
to direct its representatives to take the initiative in introducing a resolution for independence. On
June 12 the Convention also adopted the Declaration of Rights, which contains ringing statements
of individual liberty and of the right of self-government. Drafted by George Mason, the Virginia
Declaration influenced similar constitutional provisions in other states and the Bill of Rights of the
United States Constitution. It also influenced the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen in the early days of the French Revolution and was a partial basis for the Statement on
Human Rights appended
to the charter of the United
Nations.
In addition, the Convention took the risky step on June 29 of declaring Virginia independent of
Great Britain before the Continental Congress voted on the question of independence.
May
May
11,
15,
9-
1976
1776
Williamsburg, May 11, 1776
All Persons in my Debt, for Shaving, Dressing, etc. contracted before I entered into Partnership
with Mr. Wylie, are once more requested to discharge
their Accounts ( some of which have been
standing for Years) that I may be enabled to pay those Debts which I have been under a Necessity of
contracting for the Support of my Family through their Neglect. If this Application proves
ineffectual, and the Law should not be open to force Compliance, those who are deficient will have
their Names exposed in the Gazette. Gentlemen who pay me punctually may rely on my constant
Attendance, and utmost Endeavours to give Satisfaction; others can expect no more of my Services.
George Lafong
George
Lafong,
a "
French
Hair- Dresser,"
was a long- time resident of Williamsburg where he
owned a thriving wigmaking, hair dressing, and barbering business, which he claimed to carry on
in the cheapest
manner,
and TOUT A LA MODE."
He could count among his customers George
Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Nathaniel Burwell of Carter' s Grove. In order to" carry on the
Business
possess"
more
great
extensively,"
abilities
Lafong formed a partnership with Alexander Wylie, who claimed to
Dressing." Lafong' s threat to expose those who failed to pay their
in Hair-
debts must have worked because no such announcement
appeared in the Virginia Gazette.
During the Revolution Lafong acted as interpreter in several court- martial cases and for the
governor. He died a pauper in 1799.
To be SOLD by the Subscriber, at his Store in Williamsburg, the following Articles, for ready
Money only. Broadcloths, Thread and Silk Breeches Patterns, black Silk Lasting, Serge Dusoy,
Damascus,
Loretto,
Tobine,
India
Persians,
Lustrings,
Muslins,
Gauze,
Cambrick,
Lawn
and
Gauze Handkerchiefs and Aprons, black Minionet and Blond Lace, Ditto lace Hats, plain Ditto,
Women's Hats and Bonnets, Gloves, Ribands, Fans, Necklaces, Cap Wire, Paste Combs, gilt Shoe
and Knee Buckles, large Dressing Glasses, black Walnut Tea Chests. Do. Candlesticks, Japan
Waiters,
painted Chimney
and
Table
Covers,
Decanters,
Wine
Glasses,
Stands
and
Castors,
PAMPHLET FILE
�Ticklers; Window Glass, Spanish Brown, red and white Lead, Saws, Scythes, Two-Shilling Nails, a
Variety of China Cups, Saucers, and Teapots, Guns and Gun Locks, a large Quantity of Grubbing
and Hilling Hoes, broad and narrow Axes, Steelyards of all Sizes, Dutch Ovens, Brass and Iron
Skillets, Tea Kitchens and Kettles, Sheep and Tailors Shears, Scissors, Razor Straps, Combs, Fish
Hooks, Cork Screws, Shoemakers and Saddlers Tools, Saddles,
of other Articles too tedious to enumerate.
Bridles, and a considerable
Number
William
Pitt
William Pitt was the son of Dr. George Pitt, a merchant and apothecary in Williamsburg at the
Sign of the Rhinoceros.
Dr. Pitt also served as keeper of the Public Magazine.
In 1776 Dr. Pitt,
loyal to the king, returned to England with one of his sons. William remained in Williamsburg and
continued his father' s mercantile business. He later moved to a plantation, Lilliput, about four
miles from Williamsburg, where he conducted a boarding school. He died there in 1786.
May 15, 1776
The Virginia Convention unanimously adopted a resolution instructing the colony' s delegates in
Congress
to introduce
a motion
for independence.
Resolved unanimously, The delegates appointed to represent this colony in General Congress be
instructed to propose to that respectable body to declare the United Colonies free and independent
states, absolved from all allegiance to, or dependence upon, the crown or parliament of Great
Britain; and that they give the assent of this colony to such declaration, and to whatever measures
may be thought proper and necessary by the Congress for forming foreign alliances, and a confederation of the colonies, at such time, and in the manner, as to them shall seem best: Provided, that the
power of forming government for, and the regulations of the internal concerns of each colony, be left
to the respective
colonial
legislatures.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times May 1-16, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-05-16
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/0c0284fa3dc2e1d0eca662f5b5ad3139.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Yr%7EnVOsoY-4V6%7EogEGx2y7QFqAO-V1qtXtkvXD0VXM-qZes67BOptwMGDdOJqwdQfT4lZhknKdwz3YsWeyDo6%7EcDKHOUajHwzkEyfxGuXT-9gUtqJnvMGUhBt5j%7EnD0LX18od14bEe0fH1uCQ3xZ8Hm9Cbr2MHekz8S5O7hE8YP-NeTXMlk3JUL8SX-FEfWejt53WtE2Z%7EM%7EinTkxV4IMrkdQjRc6dAtTDIpO4Y1xmpT5nljgVdZ7N21QXMEtaHjMOWR-8sGeLDyPTZGGWeDZq5QYk5HTcQz4yF5CRS24R4Enlu2F1qbBC3rD5uP6g0L0Ygoj%7EPQI%7E6Gzs6knjArTg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
ceb1f5da171cf0aa2958fa01e787adfa
PDF Text
Text
3/%
I. _ ,
6-r-
I
l
These Boisterous Times.. .
ipI
76,
I
THE
lib
t'
Alexander Purdie, Virginia Gazette,
January
May
1, 1776
Pct
16- 22, 1976
c",
VFs
e
May
17,
1776
PEC'
I,
G
v
GOY
9`
The Virginia Gazette reported
Resolution for Independence
following day.
of the Convention
the proceedings
along with a description
May 15 and printed the
of the celebration in Williamsburg the
on
PAMPHLET FILE
In consequence of the above resolution, universally regarded as the only door which will lead to
safety and prosperity, some gentlemen made a handsome collection for the purpose of treating the
soldiery, who next day [ May 16th] were paraded in Waller' s Grove, before brigadier- general
Lewis, attended by the gentlemen of the Committee of Safety, the members of the General
Convention,
the inhabitants of this city, etc. etc. The resolution being read aloud to the army, the
following toasts were given, each of them accompanied by a discharge of the artillery and small
arms, and the acclamations of all present:
1.
The American
2.
The Grand Congress of the United States, and their respective
3.
General Washington,
independent
states.
legislatures
and victory to the American arms.
The Union Flag of the American states waved upon the Capitol during the whole of this
ceremony, which being ended, the soldiers partook of the refreshment prepared for them by the
affection of their countrymen, and the evening concluded with illuminations and other demonstrations of joy; every one seeming pleased that the domination of Great Britain was now at an end, so
wickedly and tyrannically exercised for these twelve or thirteen years past, notwithstanding our
repeated prayers and remonstrances for redress.
On March 16, 1776, the Continental Congress recommended that May 17 be" a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer" because of" impending calamity and distress" due to the" warlike preparations of the British Ministry to subvert our invaluable rights and priviledges, and to reduce us by
fire and sword, by the savages of the wilderness, and to our own domestics, to the most adject and
ignominious
bondage."
Congress suggested that " Christians of all demoninations, to assemble for
public worship, and abstain from servile labour on the said day."
The day was marked in Williamsburg with a church service where the Reverend Thomas Price,
chaplin
to the Convention, " delivered an excellent sermon . . .
to a very crowded audience."
On the May 17, 1776, issue of his Virginia Gazette Alexander Purdie removed the colonial seal
from the masthead and replaced it with
we
stand—
the
words: "
THIRTEEN
UNITED
COLONIES.
United,
Divided we fall."
May
23- 29, 1976
May 25, 1776
Four very stout, good MULES to be sold, or exchanged for able Plough Horses or Mares, that will
suit the Mountain Lands. Inquire of Mr. William Russell.
While mules were not widely used by Virginia planters in the eighteenth century there were
some in the colony. Charles Carter of Cleve owned eight mules in 1764, and in 1767 a stray mule
was found on Jamestown Island. Landon Carter watched his mules work" as if nature had intended
they should
be for labour."
wiLL.%-
In
1775 Theodorick
Bland of Prince
George
County
imported
from
�Midas, a remarkable large jack ass,"
noted for" the size and strength of the mules he gets."
William Russell, a bookkeeper and clerk, lived in Williamsburg next door to the Margaret
Malta"
Hunter shop. In 1778 he prepared the public accounts for the state and served as clerk to several
committees of the House of Delegates as well as clerk to the Board of Trade and from 1786 to 1803
he was clerk of the Public Hospital.
May 30-
31,
1976
Any young, healthy, and strong man, not under 5 feet 7 inches high, that is free and willing to enlist
as a MATROSS in my company of artillery, will please to repair to my quarters in Williamsburg,
where he will he kindly received, have 3 1. advance money paid to him, besides new clothes, and 2
s. per day, for one, two, or more years, if not sooner discharged.
God save the Congress
Dohicky Arundel
Dohicky Arundel was appointed captain of a company of continental artillery stationed in
Williamsburg in March 1776. The company' s first action was at Gwynn' s Island in July 1776;
Captain Arundel was killed by a bursting mortar. He was the only man lost during the battle of the
patriot forces.
A matross was a soldier next in rank below a gunner who acted as the gunner' s assistant. The
position required strength because of the heavy equipment associated with artillery. Captain
Arundel wanted men of over average size for his company. The average height of soldiers recruited
at Chesterfield
Court
House
in 1780
was
slightly
over
5 feet 7 inches—
less than one inch shorter
than the average American recruit in 1758.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
r41169Pit
Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times May 16-31, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-05-31
-
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99b9c264ac27a255407d65f0e9ea7403
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r
Times.. .
These BoisterousTimes.•
ftuk
N 76_.....
'
EE
l
ia%
-'
Alexander Purdie, Virginia Gazette,
January 1, 1776
AMENSONIIII
NOVEMBER
1976
November
1976
RCNr
s
1-
6,
n
November
1,
1776
I have received
this
a
c
RECORD
C PY /
0
Power from the Congress to contract
Commonwealth
with Provisions
for supplying the continental Troops within
for the ensuing Year, the 2d and 7th Regiments to commence
9.
t(
wii_.
0•
the 1st day of December next, and the Troops that are about to be raised as soon as they can be
collected. Those who are desirous to engage to supply these Troops are requested to meet me in the
City
of
Williamsburg
the
21st Instant,
with their Proposals.
PAMPHLET FfLfi
W. Aylett D. C. G.
William Aylett was appointed by Congress" deputy commissary general for supplying the troops
of Virginia with
rations"
on April 27,
1776.
On the reorganization
of the department
of the
commissary of purchases he was appointed on June 17, 1777, one of the four deputy commissary
generals under Commissary General Joseph Trumbull. Aylett also acted as agent for carrying on the
trade of the state and director of the public store in Williamsburg until December 3, 1777, when he
resigned and was succeeded by Thomas Smith as state agent and William Armistead as commissary
of stores for the state. He continued as commissary general until his death at Yorktown in 1781.
Before the war Aylett had served for several sessions in the House of Burgesses as a member
from King William County. He was also a member of the convention that adopted the first
constitution
of Virginia.
Williamsburg, November 1
Last Saturday evening died suddenly, at Mr. Tazewell' s in this city col. Richard Bland, one of the
delegates for Prince George in his 68th year, near one half of which term he devoted to the publick
service. He was a gentleman well acquainted with the constitution of his country, as well as with
many valuable branches of learning.
Richard Bland was born in Williamsburg and was educated at the College of William and Mary
and the University
of Edinburgh.
He later became an influential
member of the House of
Burgesses. In 1753 he condemned Governor Dinwiddie' s attempt to impose a fee for issuing land
grants as taxation without the people' s consent,and in 1757 he was the author of the Two Penny Act,
which, in claiming for Virginians the right of controlling their own taxation, was a preliminary step
to the formal measures of the American Revolution. He also asserted the exclusive authority of the
General Assembly of Virginia over the domestic affairs of the colony, and claimed that Virginia was
an independent kingdom,. under no subjection to Parliament, and only connected with England by
the ties of the crown. This doctrine was considered a " prodigious innovation" in most parts of the
country, although the patriots generally rested their cause upon it.
Bland served in the First Continental Congress and was a member of the Virginia Committee of
Safety and the Convention of May 1776, which declared for independence and adopted the first
state
constitution.
He held continued public
office
throughout the revolutionary
period— from
the
Two Penny Act to the Declaration of Independence. Bland' s knowledge of constitutional government helped
formulate
the
rationale
for the Revolution
in Virginia.
�November
2,
1776
On November 2 the Council ordered " that a warrant issue to Goldberry Hacket for twenty five
pounds ten shillings for six Guns purchased of him by Captain Robert Anderson for the Publick
Service."
Hacket, a gunsmith in Norfolk, had been in business with a cutler named Bird:
Bird and Hackett, Gunsmiths and Cutlers, at the sign of the Cross Guns, on Woodside' s Wharf. Beg
leave to infirm the public, that they make all kinds of Guns and Pistols, in the neatest manner, and
mend and clean old Guns. Likewise all sorts of Swords made, mended, and mounted, Cutlery made,
and mended, Razors, Surgeons Instruments Ground and Set, in the best manner and at the lowest
terms, for Ready Money. All orders from the Country, will be carefully compleated with dispatch.
When Norfolk was destroyed, Hacket moved to Williamsburg where he worked as a gunsmith in
the Public Magazine.
November
11, 1776
Bill for the Removal of the Seat of Government of Virginia. Whereas great numbers of the
Inhabitants of this Commonwealth must frequently, and of necessity resort to the seat of Government, where General
assemblys are convened,
Superior Courts are held and the Governor
and
Council usually transact the executive business of Government, and the equal rights of all the said
Inhabitants require that such seat of Government should be as nearly central to all, as may be,
having regard only to Navigation the benefits of which are necessary for encouraging the growth of a
Town.
The Bill for the Removal of the Seat of Government, the preamble of which is above, was
presented to the House of Delegates by Thomas Jefferson on November 11 and was rejected by a
vote of 61 to 38.
This bill, the third effort to move the seat of government in Virginia, exhibited Jefferson' s farreaching legislative program, which included his endeavor to equalize advantages and opportunities
between the Piedmont and Tidewater regions and his concern with defense measures. The bill was
finally passed in 1779 and the capital moved to Richmond in 1780.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
1;°
The Colonial
i
ft-%
Williamsburg
-;:;
Foundation
�
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Title
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These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times November 1-6, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-11-06
-
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cf0e42a751f3757f0678fc47f0a5e1dc
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1111
These Boisterous 7 imes.. .
1
tam'
pogo
Alexander
Purdie,
Virginia
Gazette,
January 1, 1776
PFtCH/ IrF
NOVEMBER 1976
RECORD .
COPY /
n
November
o
14- 20, 1976
z
0
1(
w/
15, 1776
November
Deaths.
Dr. Andrew Anderson,
of New Kent county;
who
was an
agreeable
companion,
a
stead
PAMPHLET
and an HONEST MAN.
Andrew
Anderson,
son
of Andrew Anderson,
a
Williamsburg
barber,
served as an apprentice
with Dr. James Carter, who operated an apothecary shop at the Sign of the Unicorn' s Horn. After
he had completed his term of apprenticeship, Anderson studied medicine in London for several
years. When he returned to Williamsburg in 1768, Anderson purchased, in partnership with Dr.
Carter, the druggist shop of William Biers. Anderson evidently neglected the shop and ran the
business deeply into debt. Carter managed to gain complete control of the shop, and Anderson
moved to New Kent County in 1771. In November 1771 Carter announced in the Virginia Gazette:
Whereas the Shop lately kept by Mr. Andrew Anderson, in this City, is become the sole Property of
the Subscriber, as also the Debts due to the said Shop, I do hereby give Notice that all Balances
which remain unpaid by the last Day of next December will have Suits commenced against them,
without Respect of Persons, or any further Notice. I have added the above mentioned Shop to my
own, which is kept by Mr. James Russell, the same person that kept the other; where all Gentlemen, Practioners and others, may be supplied at the same low Rates, for ready Money only.
James Carter.
Carter observed that Anderson" behaved himself-during the apprenticeship and served me well,he will do well as he is out of the way of young company of which he had too
and added, " I hope
much in Town."
November
November
26,
21- 30,
1976
1776
On this day the Council of Virginia paid Samuel Blews " fifty pounds ten shillings for fourteen
Guns furnished the fourth and fifth Regiments."
Samuel
Blews was a whitesmith living in Norfolk before the Revolution. He advertised in 1775:
Samuel Blews, from Birmingham. At his Ship, in Church- Street, Norfolk, Makes and Sells all sorts
of Locks, Hinges, large Press Screws for Clothiers, &
London,
c. He has lately engaged able Tradesmen from
whom he employs in finishing Cheaps and Tongues for Buckles, in the most elegant,
fashionable and compleat manner; in general he performs every thing belonging to the White- Smiths
business. The Public may be assured that what the Subscriber undertakes, he will be punctual in
executing, and studious to give Satisfaction; and they may depend on being reasonably charged.
Samuel Blewes.
N. B. He makes Strong Locks for Prisons or Stores, that cannot he pick' d; from four Dollars, to five
Pounds.
LL`/'
F
�Blews was captured after the Battle of Great Bridge and was charged with assisting Dunmore.
With other prisoners, he was sent to Williamsburg as a prisoner of war. The Convention, on
January 15, 1776, resolved that he ought to be detained a prisoner but allowed the Committee of
Safety
to discharge
him "
as
they think proper."
The Committee of Safety apparently discharged
him and employed him as an independent gunsmith. He was paid on several occasions for firearms
and for repairing firearms for the navy. Blews died in Norfolk in 1799.
November
26,
1776
On November 26, 1776, twenty- five members of the Masonic Lodge in Williamsburg met and
agree' d
on
the form of the procession
of our late Worthey Brother
Peyton
Y
Randolph
P
Grand Master
of Virginia Deceas' d, and, then repairing to the Colledge Chappel, after the Corps was inter' d,
returned to the Lodge and Adjourned till a Lodge in Course."
Peyton Randolph, who had been president of the first Continental Congress, died in Philadelphia
in October 1775. His body was not returned to Williamsburg until November 1776. In its edition of
November 29, 1776, the Virginia Gazette reported:
On Tuesday last the remains of our late amiable and beloved fellow citizen, the Hon. Peyton
Randolph, esq. were conveyed in a hearse to the College chapel, attended by the worshipful
brotherhood of Freemasons, both Houses of Assembly, a number of other gentlemen, and the
inhabitants of this city. The body received from the hearse by six gentlemen of the House of
Delegates, who conveyed it to the family vault in the chapel, after which an excellent oration was
pronounced from the pulpit by the reverend Thomas Davis, in honour of the deceased, and
recommending
it to the respectable audience to imitate his virtues. The oration being ended, the
body was deposited in the vault, when every spectator payed their last tribute of tears to the
memory of their departed
and much
honoured
friend—
may we add, to whom he was a father, an
able counsellor, and one of the firmest patriots. The remains of this worthy man were brought
thither from Philadelphia by Edmund Randolph, esq, at the earnest request of his uncle' s afflicted
and inconsolable widow. They were, when united a perfect pattern of friendship, complacency, and
love. No wonder, then, when separated, that the surviver should deeply bewail her irreparable loss.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
0
The Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times November 14-30
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-11-30
-
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aaa66f03a5e0068ea2c532d3aed0b4d2
PDF Text
Text
M ...
cc
0
TheseBoistero us_„....
Times..
. . _.
I-,
I
EE
Alexander
Purdie, Virginia Gazette,
January
K
1, 1776
COPY
TO:
1976
OCTOBER
JRS
JFD-'
EMR
October
1-
9,
REG
1976
DJE
October 2, 1776
Two
DRP
Chair- Makers,
Journeymen
and
a
Wheelwright
will
meet
with
good
encouragement
by
applying to
A
JNR
Shiphard.
John Shiphard,
employed
1771.
by
from
Alexander
He had opened
Craig
his shop
journeyman harnessmaker
1761. Shiphard entered business for himself after Craig died in
Capitol Landing Road by 1772 and expanded his work to include
first appeared
London,
in
on
in
Williamsburg
as
a
coachmaking as well as harnessmaking. In 1775 he announced in the Virginia Gazette:
John Shiphard, Coach, Chaise, and Harness Maker, from LONDON, Informs the Public that he has
now
on
Hand
a
neat
Phaeton,
double
and
single
Riding Chairs, & c. which he will dispose of on
reasonable Terms, for Cash, European or West India Goods. He returns his most grateful Thanks to
all those who have hitherto favoured him with their Custom, and hakes this Method to inform them,
as well as the Public in general, that he is determined to spare neither Pains nor Expense in prose-
cuting the different Branches of his Business to the Satisfaction of all who may please to employ him.
He will repair Carriages as above- mentioned,
either in the Wheels or Bodies, and will attend to the
greatest Punctuality.
During the Revolution, Shiphard rented several buildings to the state that were used for
barracks. He continued to work in Williamsburg until 1785, when he gave his property to his
children.
October 7, 1776
On October 11, 1776, the Virginia Gazette reported:
The General Assembly of the free and independent State of Virginia met at the Capitol, in this
City on Monday last.
The first General Assembly under the new state constitution met at the Capitol on October 7.
The constitution provided for members of the Virginia Convention to return as the first House of
Delegates. Elections were held for this session only for the Senate. Annual elections were held in
the spring thereafter and the Assembly ordinarily met twice a year, in May and October.
At the first session,
Edmund Pendleton
was elected Speaker of the House of Delegates and
Archibald Cary Speaker of the Senate. Thomas Jefferson gave up his seat in the Continental
Congress
to attend the session to be certain that reforms
he considered
essential
to a republic
were
carried out.
October 10- 16, 1976
October 10, 1776
Good encouragement will be given to journeymen shoemakers, especially those who understand
making of Boots, by
Robert Gilbert.
Robert
Gilbert,
a
boot and
shoemaker,
established
his business
in
Williamsburg "
near the
Capitol" in 1768. He announced in the Virginia Gazette his expertise in making nearly every known
form of footwear:
PB
BB
INH
FG
�Robert Gilbert, Boot and Shoemaker,& e. Hereby acquaints the publick that he has opened shop
near the Capitol in Williamsburg, where he intends carrying on his business in all its branches, viz.
shoe or channel, calf or buckskin boots, jockey do. and spatterdashes, mens plain, sticked, spring,
and woodhealed, shoes and pumps, calf or dogskin; campaign, single, double or turned channels,
slippers, blue or red turkey, cork soles, and galloches; womens leather, stuff, silk, and braided shoes
and pumps, slippers, cork soles, galloches, and clogs. As he imports the whole of his materials from
Great Britain, where punctual payments are required, he proposes supplying Ladies and Gentle-
men with any of the above articles on the most reasonable terms, for ready money. Those who
please to favour him with their custom may depend on their work being speedily executed, in the
genteelest and newest fashions, and in such a manner as he hopes will merit a continuance of their
favours.
During the Revolution, Gilbert carried on an extensive business of supplying shoes and boots for
the army. In 1780 he made 165 pairs of boots for the mounted troops for which he received over
e27, 000 of nearly worthless money.
Gilbert continued to work in Williamsburg until 1783, when he moved to Richmond.
October
10,
1776
Grove Camp, near Williamsburg, October 10, 1776.
The subscribers want to employ workmen immediately to build STABLES for the first and second
squadrons of light horse. Those who are willing to undertake the business are desired to apply, as
soon as possible, to Edward Irving or John Dandridge, quartermasters.
Grove Camp, one of several military encampments in and around Williamsburg, was located at
Waller' s Grove on Capitol Landing Road. The encampment was established in the late summer of
1775 and was one of the points where Virginia troops assembled before their march to Washington' s
army. In 1778 Benjamin Waller, owner of the Grove, was reimbursed k.370 for the " Timber and
Wood" that the soldiers had used from the Grove.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
I
u
ca•
s
iw
The Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times October 1-16, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-10-16
-
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32a958018f6c21b3d3bc0b4aa5e1cb2b
PDF Text
Text
62.4.4.0.AAAAA•-. RSwa- Q1 Xi•,n.4 ,
il
ol,
IN '
L,,. w•.,.
a...,11111 ,
BoZsterous Trw..
ii
••
Thes
ricui_
irEEK
_
,
7 it Alexander
i.
,),
Purdie, Virginia
January
,
Gazette, 111
I,
17 6 Mk
T
diNdiimild
OCTOBER
i
1976 ppCP23
17-
18, 1776
or
dockt
0
a
COPY ;
October
o' er
sLi-%
is,
PAMPHLET
FILE ei
the said mare to the subscriber at the palace shall have 10s reward, and more if brought 10 miles
distance. John
Farquharson. John
Farquharson acted as gardener at the Palace from the beginning of 1776 and may have worked
there earlier. By
which
1779 his duties had been expanded to managing the gardens at the Public Hospital,
he continued to do until 1780, when the capital moved to Richmond. Farquharson
in Wil iamsburg, where
23, 1776
remained
he died about 1784. October
The
House of Delegates passed Thomas Jefferson' s bil to abolish entail, and the Senate concurred
on November 1.
While the practice of entail, the rule by which the descent of real property
is fixed on specified descendants, was never widely employed in Virginia, Jefferson regarded
the bill as a radical action and the first blow against the entrenched aristocracy. He
it
considered
one of his most significant achievements. Jefferson
objected to the old ruling group, not because it governed badly, but because he disliked the
essential irrationality and injustice of the existing system. Jefferson later wrote that under the old
system there was no acceptance of liberal ideas. Even though the bill abolishing entails simplified
the exceedingly complicated situation of land descent, its primary importance was its break
with a tradit on that
extended back
to the Middle Ages. October
2431, 1976
25,
1776
October
The
Council of Virginia, on October 25,paid Mary Camp over 1,15"for supplying three Indian Captives
and an Interpreter with Liquors, Boarding, Washing, and Lodgings for seventeen days."
On
November 13 she was paid for ac ommodating the prisoners for an additional fifteen days by order
of the governor. At
one time Mary Camp operated a tavern near the College, but by 1776 she had moved to a farm just
outside of town where she continued to provide accommodations for travelers. Her establish- ment
was a favorite of military officers. Mrs. Camp' s farm in Bruton Parish comprised 310 acres, and
she had a fine herd of cattle. Mrs.
Camp died in 1784 and her estate, consisting, among
the
was
stock
sold
Strayed
-----
out of the governour' s pasture, the night of the 14th instant( October) a bay mare i.. neither
.
14 hands and a half high,6 or 7 years old, her back scalded on each IttIt—
branded, about
side,
is supposed to be near this place. Whoever BB
in good order, yet rather low necked, and
brings
Stolen
nor
is
she
1976
October
1 ,,,
of cattle
at auction.
c.
hogs, &
all
the
household
other things, of"two good work horses,
a good many beds,"
and kitchen furniture, [and]
`
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times October 17-30
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-10-30
-
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3a2d5ffa8eddbeab707b2caab64ec6d0
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Text
1
TheBotrs Times.. .
iipip'
4t
4,
i
11c. xander
1'
January
imorrismainimmilahit..
SEPTEMBER
1-
September
The times in
Williamsburg during
the
first
two
--
1' ir, inia
urelie,
1,
177 '
-
444.--
1976
18, 1976
weeks
MITT
of September
1776
were
unusually
quiet.
The Council met regularly and spent its time purchasing military supplies. The Navy Board also
meeting
in
Williamsburg
was
with
contracting
workers
for
Gazette
'
the
newly established
Chickahominy
L
BB
Shipyard. The York County Court did not meet at all during September. Several regiments of
troops stationed at William§burg had little to do. Bored soldiers, probably anxious to return home
for harvest, deserted from the camps around the town.
NINE
POUNDS
REWARD
Deserted from my company of the 5th battalion, at College camp, Williamsburg, JOSEPH
JOLLEY, 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, a stout well made man, stoops in his shoulders, has light
brown hair, gray eyes, fair complexion, and large whiskers; he is addicted to strong liquor, and when
drunk exceedingly talkative and troublesome. He has a family in the lower end of Henrico county,
where he may no doubt be apprehended; JOHN ROBINSON, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, slim made,
dark complexion, black hair, black eyes, the whites of which are tinctured yellow with the jaundice,
is apt to get drunk, and when so insolent and quarrelsome; he also comes from the lower end of
Henrico county. THOMAS ROBINSON, brother of John, 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, swarthy
complexion, gray eyes, brown hair, and is somewhat deaf. He went away with a brother that was
down to see him on Saturday the 14th instant. Jolly, and his brother John, absconded the same
night. Whoever
will secure the said deserters,
or either of them,
and deliver them
to the
commanding officer at Williamsburg, shall be entitled to a reward of 3 1. for each.
John Pleasants.
Deserted the 17th instant, from my company of the 5th battalion, the following soldiers, viz.
THOMAS HOLLAND, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, about 23 years old, of a fair complexion, and has
light hair; had on a silver laced hat, and was very well clothed. JOSEPH PAYNE, about 5 feet 8
inches high, about 25 years old, has dark hair, and is dressed as soldiers commonly are; he listed in
Bedford. JOHN FRANKLIN, about 5 feet 10 inches high, has light hair, of a fair complexion, but
has a very ugly down look; wore a common soldier' s dress, with a white hat, and was listed in
Williamsburg, though he came from Hanover. TEN DOLLARS reward for each, if delivered at
Williamsburg.
Cross Scruggs.
With so many soldiers stationed in Williamsburg, the local barbers experienced a boom in their
business. James Nichols offered high wages to journeymen barbers:
Wanted immediately, Two journeymen BARBERS, who can shave and dress well, and ifacquainted
with wigmaking it will be more in their favour. Such persons as are capable as above required will
receive extraordinary
wages by applying to
James Nichols.
Nichols arrived in Virginia from London in 1772 and established his shop in Petersburg. In the
fall of 1775 he moved to Williamsburg and opened his business at the Brick House Tavern. The
following spring Nichols formed a partnership with Richard Charlton, another local barber, but
because Charlton failed to come" up with any part of his agreement" the partnership was dissolved.
Nichols continued to live in Williamsburg, where he died in 1784.
September 17, 1776
With the impending convening of the General Assembly set for October, the Council wrote
Governor Patrick Henry " representing the urgent necessity of his immediate attendance, for the
dispatch of public business." Henry had been sick at the time he was inaugurated as governor and
had gone home to recover his health. The Council, under the direction of its president, John Page,
had been performing
the
executive
function of the
state
government—
it was not until September
17 that Henry attended the Council.
Compiled
by
Harold B. Gill, Jr.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times September 1-18, 1976
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-09-18
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/1beaf7cc175255b246a1c9416ea996e8.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=voe3qdwUciDmjIl7z5bgLNLDigbvA59KA8jZREmyuYeDnI34VrGaQJkuRtpUbXFfCEVEXEBiVkiQjoERfKsA1WNpeMNogkVcPTbewYQk4WEYO6TbfQFTveR8kWuE-2MNExMjV-ToZSO6mFIB3P8K3jM%7E3mllUh%7EyfinIy0jpr5GyYg-S-QolrtGRTIDAGUD1e%7ENvuBuR3B7gvSF5VLZnhIvSvU7bUb2NTv61z-JC-6LiTZFXqtbvzXByqN%7EsqhOPp6cad0LNtKtNetyPKNPYQuBuWbuNkOmswp99CMCIXHQc5c2i6Us3yLnb6vyCN7UPJTuKhT9pXSrAiThNnqda7A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
f791d0e8deb187cc53d02838dc04d73f
PDF Text
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J
These Boisterous Times.. ."
11111
I,
fl
4P!
ke_
1k xander Purdic,
Virginia Gazette,
January 1,
SEPTEMBER 1976
r
• ."--
RECORD).
September
September
21,
19- 25,
o,
eopy
w"`
1776
s
o
P
PAMPHLET
John Bracken, Rector of Bruton parish,
Carter Burwell, Esq., of Carter' s Grove.
Marriages—
1976
Rev.
to Miss
1776
FILE , `
u?I
Sally Burwell, daughter of the late
i
The Reverend John Bracken arrived in Virginia in 1772 and was appointed rector of Bruton
Parish the following year. His marriage to Sally Burwell brought him connections with some of
Virginia'
s
most
prominent
families—
the Carters and Burwells. Sally' s brother owned Carter' s
Grove, and her uncle, Robert Carter Nicholas, was treasurer of Virginia. The marriage inspired the
following poem published in the Virginia Gazette:
Could I on airy pinions soar,
Where mighty poets flew before,
How would I, in unpolish' d lays,
Rehearse this happy couple' s praise!
My tight- strung lyre should sing the fair,
With
whom
but few can well compare,
For modesty and sense conbin' d,
Those valu' d qualities of mind.
Of Bracken too my muse should sing,
His praise should echo from my string;
Religion,
virtue,
all around,
And morals good, should loudly sound.
Such lofty themes I must resign,
Such, abler poets, such be thine.
In 1775 Bracken was appointed Master of the Grammar School and Professor of Humanity at the
College of William and Mary and held the position until the College was reorganized in 1779. In
1793 Bracken was granted a doctor of divinity degree by William and Mary and in 1812 he was
named president of the College. He remained president until 1814 when he retired. He died four
years later and was buried at Carter' s Grove.
September
27,
1776
Strayed from Williamsburg, on or about the 6th Instant ( September) a Light Bay Horse with a
long Switch Tail, a Star in his Forehead, remarkable flat Hoofs, upwards of 14 Hands high, and
galled with a Harness; his Brand( if any) forgot. Whoever brings the said Horse to me in Williamsburg shall receive a Reward proportioned to the Trouble and Distance.
Thomas
Everard.
Thomas Everard was a prominent citizen of Williamsburg who served several terms as mayor of
the town. He was appointed clerk of York County in 1745 and held the position until his death. As
county clerk he maintained an exceptional set of records that have been of basic importance in the
restoration of Williamsburg. Everard also served four terms as clerk of the Committee of Courts
and Justice in the House of Burgesses, and he was one of the trustees of the Public Hospital.
Sometime before 1779 Everard purchased the house on Palace Green now called the BrushEverard House. He
also
owned farms in James city and Brunswick
counties.
He died in 1781.
fir
�Doctor Amson' s Prescription
for the HOOPING- COUGH.
It will be proper to begin with a Vomit, of an Infusion in boiling Water of Ipecacuanha, with the
Addition of Oxymel of Squills, and once in five or six Days to purge gently with a little Manna and
Cream of Tartar, or the like; having Regard to the Age of the Child. For a Boy of 10 Years old, 25
Grains of Ipecacuanha, with a Spoonful of Camomile Flower Tea, and to give, when it has done
working, thirty or forty Drops of Elixir Paregosicum
in a little Pennyroyal Tea and Mint Water,
sweetened at Pleasure; and this is proper to be given every Night.
Give every day, once in 2 or 3 Hours, a Spoonful of the following Mixture: Take two Drahms of
Gum Ammoniac, dissolve them in a Pint of Pennyroyal Tea, strain off, and add lour Spoonfuls of
Honey, and Half a Pint of the following:
Take two Hundred Woodlice, wash them in wine, then press out the Juice, and mix it with a Pint
of White Wine, in which two Drahms
of Saffron have been infused.
N. D. These Doses being for one of 10 Years old, must be made less for younger Children,
according to their Ages: For a sucking Child 3 Months old, mixt the Juice of an Hundred Woodlice
with a Pint of Pennyroyal Tea and two Spoonfuls of Honey; it may be given with a little Milk, or( if it
do not sit on the Stomach) with a little small Cinnamon
Water. From 4 to 6 Drops of Elixir
Paregosicum will be a sufficient Dose.
The publication of the cure in the Virginia Gazette was no doubt caused by the epidemic of
whooping cough in Virginia during the summer and fall of 1776. The fact that the prescription was
published over ten years after Amson' s death shows the respect held for his abilities.
Dr. John Amson first appeared in Williamsburg in 1746 when the trustees of the city granted him
the block of lots north of Scotland Street bounded by Boundary and Henry streets. Two years later
he was elected mayor. Like most graduate physicians, he did not operate an apothecary shop. Dr.
Amson practiced medicine in Williamsburg until his death about 1764.
Compiled by Harold B. Gill, Jr.
fitt
çjj
1
The Colonial
F„,;
Williamsburg
Foundation
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Description
An account of the resource
“<em>These Boisterous Times…</em>” The Week in ’76 was a newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Preservation and Research in 1976. Compiled by historian Harold Gill, the newsletter consisted of notable entries from the Virginia Gazette newspaper dated 1776 along with some additional historical background of the mentioned event or person. The newsletter was intended to assist Colonial Williamsburg’s interpreters with adding additional emphasis to events associated with 1776 during the celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial (United States Bicentennial) in 1976.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
These Boisterous Times September 19-25
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976-09-25