1
25
1988
-
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Inventory of
An
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the Contents
Governor' s Palace
the
Taken after the Death
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of Lord Botetourt
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An Inventory of the Personal Estate
of His Excellency, Lord Botetourt,
Royal Governor of Virginia,
1768- 1770
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�An Inventory of the Contents
of the Governor' s Palace
Taken after the Death
of Lord Botetourt
l
An Inventory of
the Personal Estate
of His Excellency,
Lord Botetourt,
Royal Governor of Virginia,
1768- 1770
Published by The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Williamsburg,
Virginia
�letht
4r)
c
1
e
a
3
5Q.:
3.
i-
1981 by The Colonial Williamsburg
Foundation
All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or
portions thereof in any form.
ISBN 0- 87935- 063- 6
Printed in the United
States of America
�Introduction
On
15,
October
1770, Norborne
Berkeley,
Baron de Botetourt, "
his
Majesty' s Lieutenant, Governor- General, and Commander- in-Chief of the
Colony
and Dominion
of Virginia, and Vice- Admiral of the
same,"
died at
the Governor' s Palace in Williamsburg after a brief illness. The importance
of the man and his office prompted the General Court to meet immediately
and appoint, as executors
of his estate in Virginia, as prominent
and
influential a small body of men as could be assembled anywhere in the
colony, including William Nelson, president of his majesty' s Council and
acting governor, John Randolph, attorney- general, and Robert Carter
Nicholas, treasurer of the colony. Because Lord Botetourt' s principal heir
was in England, and a duke no less, the executors turned to their task with
unusual punctiliousness, "
weeks later, to compile "
ship' s Effects."
taking
pains,"
as Nelson
wrote
the
duke two
an exact and perfect inventory of all his Lord-
For this purpose they hired the late Governor' s secretary,
Peter Pelham; retained his faithful servant, William Marshman ( who had
served as his chief household officer and private secretary in Williamsburg)
for one year to assist; and delegated Nicholas to coordinate their efforts,
which he appears to have done with commendable
thoroughness.
The
diligence of these three men and their familiarity with the household is
evident in the document they put together, a formidable listing of sixty- one
rooms comprising formal and service areas, closets, storerooms, and outbuildings, all of which contained more than 16, 500 items of virtually every
conceivable
kind to do with eighteenth- century living—" in short," wrote
day Botetourt died," everything proper for
John Randolph to the duke the
the residence
of a Governor."
Formal furniture, intimate details of clothing and other personal adorn-
ments, goods ordered but not delivered, meticulous lists of books, or
garden
tools,
complicated
or
harness— no items
seem to have been too mundane
or
to escape notice. Because of the care the executors took with
their task, an extraordinarily
detailed record was compiled that throws
much light on the way the governor actually lived. Thus the inventory is a
kind of
encyclopedia—
cryptic
in tone, to be
sure,
but
ample
in content— of
the material culture of a particular personage at a certain time and place.
Supplementing it, furthermore, is a list of the " standing furniture" at the
Palace ( items owned by the colony rather than the governor himself)
indicative of the official nature of the building. This list has been printed at
the end of the inventory.
It is this inventory that provided the foundation for the refurnishing of
the Governor' s Palace in 1981. It is reproduced here for those with an
interest in material things, as well as for those who are curious to see how
3
�written words can be dramatically translated into three- dimensional ob-
jects. The " arms and colours" in the hall are a good example of the latter,
although it must be stated that much additional evidence for these items
was available to us. An analysis of the contents of individual rooms or
spaces can also provide definite( and sometimes unexpected) insights into
eighteenth- century usages; thus the dining room contained not only dining
accoutrements
but
also
business
equipment—
desk, library table, writing
table, and reading desk, complete with writing equipment and papers
public and private."
The inventory also documents architectural details
not otherwise known, such as the " bowfat" in the dining room.
Many of the entries in the inventory are self-explanatory, although it is
curatorial expertise that provides the bridge between terse descriptions
such as " mahogany chair" and the particular object placed in a particular
spot. Some of the entries are far from clear and continue to defy our most
determined efforts to solve them. For those with an interest in studying the
inventory further, the Oxford English Dictionary, giving many of the older
and subsidiary
meanings of words, is an indispensable
interpretive
tool.
It would be wrong to suggest that the inventory and list of " standing
furniture"
are all the curators had to go on for the refurnishing project.
Their complex and extensive research will appear in subsequent publications. But time and again, it was the inventory that, after much interpolation, cross- referencing, and re- reading, provided the clues, real meanings,
and necessary justifications for the curators to make concrete decisions in
the refurnishing of this historic building.
As an important cultural document of the American colonies on the eve
of the Revolution, the Botetourt inventory, we believe, deserves a wider
audience. We hope it serves to stimulate the publication of similar historic
documents.
Graham Hood
Vice President
Chief Curator
4
�s
The Governor ' Palace
AN INVENTORY
OF THE
PERSONAL
ESTATE
OF HIS
EXCELLENCY LORD BOTETOURT BEGAN TO BE TAKEN
THE 24TH
Cash
found
in
OF OCTOR
57: 2: 1/
house
the
I770.
1
s
mahogy wine cooler
1 mahogy
In the
front
2 Leather
parlour
Couch
Fry Jefferson'
Bowen'
1 pr
Shovel
with
checks
knife &
1
of Virga
Map
s
Mitchell'
s&
Tongs,
s
Map
of N. America.
Fender
Poker
and
1
1
1
Mahogy Card
1
Green
1
Venetian
1
Glass
wax
stand.
Tongs
Shovel,
pair
broom.
poker &
Fender &
Fe d
hearth
Chelsea
china
figures
1 Oval looks Glass
old finear' d Beaureau
3 Venitian
Table
blinds
1 East india fire lock.
Ink stand
Japan'
taper &
Henry' s Map of Virga
In the Closet
small
a steel pencil.
wax
1 Mahog fire Screen
11
1
white
13 wax portraits
hearth
Chelsea China figures. 2 Venitian blinds
1 large black
public
1 black Ink stand
Broom
11
papers
public, one embroidd pocket book a
Mahogony frame covered
2 small looking Glass
1
contains
miniature drawing, 1 Diamd mourns ring
a pair of Gold sieve buttons, pruning
Mahogony
Writs Table
1 Walnut
table
1 mahogy Desk, contains sundry papers private
Chairs
Smoking
2 Card Tables,
library
private
1 small reads desk
d do
1 large oyl Cloth at Mr
Kids
Taper & stand
blind
In the Bow fat
Lanthern
16 Medn Passes.
2 large enamd China bowls
2
2 Mahy red damask
Elbow
chairs
covered
white do
56 pieces ornamental
with
china
12 large cut water Glasses
checks
8 Chairs of the
lessr blue &
2 pr English china Candlesticks
Passage below
In the Hall&
12
small
do
same
4 large cut glass tumblers
ld large globe lamps
3 small do
28 cut wine glasses
Dining
Room
2 leather smoke
12 mahy
chairs
4 strong beer glasses
1 Hock glass
chairs
3 pieces of English Sweet
Meats— part of a Box of Barbadoes Sweet
Meats— part of a Box rock Sugar— part
Box candid Lemon Peel, part of a Box of
1 - full round Box &
hair bottoms
1 large mahy ding table
1
smaller
1 walnut
1
mahogy
do
write
plate
table
warmer&
12 bottle
English Sweet Meats-
stands
5]
4 dozen Oranges
�The Governor' s Palace
1
3
large
mahogY
1
large
round
12
1
mahogY
3 glass
dining
hair bottoms
chairs
1
with
6
branches
each &
gauze
of
the
King &
Queen
gauze
2 red china tea pots
6 bleu&
12
Powder Room
1
Boot
1
Jack
old pine table
2 Coppr coal scuttles
I
copper
6 old
warms
japan
1
stone
wooden
2
japan
cage
2
Fowling
1
large &
1
tea
do bread &
jug
buttr plate
Staffordshe coffee pots
do tea pots
do qt mugs
do pt mugs
plate baskets
7
pieces
small hair Sieve
do sugr basons
2 do buttr basons
29 do tea
30
cups &
do coffee
2 oval mahogY
I
Trivet,
1
Oak
linnen
Cheese
o
pickle stand
7 do small breakft plates
do
press
1
old oak chest of Drawers
1
old
24 do soup plates
Shovel
Fender poker tongs&
hearth brush & pair bellows
small
coppr
japd
wire
bird
do
1 tin canister painted old
1
wooden lemmon strainer
2 wicker plate baskets
cage
boiler, 2 large
do funnel
1
Waiters
japanned
1
2
68 do shallow
umbrella
1
do
16 do large do
1
19
Basons
hoops7 1 do bowls
toaster.
1 Scollop' d claw tea table
1
hand
3 do qt slop basons
boards brass
tea
1 Hanger,
64 saucers
cups
8 do wash
Room
middle
14 dishes
2 do lip' d cream pots
4 round large glasses for candles
A Parcel of old Glass Tho' s Perquisite)
Little
ladles
3 do cream pails &
10 do fruit baskets &
bread baskets
wicker
cream
4
4
2
3
do
4 Tin &
do
do
1
pan
candlesticks
wire
4
pot with top& stand
with top & stand
1
Cistern with brass cock
1 small
cups
do sugr bason
1
Brass do
1
saucers
cups&
1 do slop bason
block with Screw Stands
Wig
breakft
white
do small
6 do Coffee
1
1
Sieves
Japan' d tea chests& canisters
4 japd sugr tongs
1 large blue & white Tea pot
Stove
dutch
squeeser &
2
Room
Supper
large
stand
Sugar hatchets
2
covers
2 Venetian blinds
1
lime
1 large butter scoop
3 toasting forks
covers
2 large paintings
do fix' d
3
stove
lustres
do
2 Coppr coffee pots
3 chocolate pots with four mills
do
walnut
large dutch
tables
hand do mill
1
Ball Room
tea
1
kettles
Iron cork screw
5 tin canisters plain
Plate baskets
1
5 Maps
wooden
bowl
5 bottles arrack&
6 barbadoes
Spirit
Closet to the little Room
Pantry
3 dutch lead boilers with heaters
1
do
4 do
do
coffee
tea
pots &
1
kettle
lamps
Ticken
white
6]
couch,
Mattrass
quilt&
red check covering
boulster
3
blankets
�1
The Governor' s Palace
with
Plate, in the Pantry.
Stool
1
Library
I
Wash hand bason, bottle&
table
a
stand
27 Dishes.
1 small blk walnut Table
1 MahogY Beaureau.
60 Plates
of tools
1 Chest
1 small
drying
8 Butt' boats
1 small washing tub. 1 Fender, poker tongs and
shovel. 1 toasts fork, 1 hearth brush.
2 Glass
4 Meat&
bird
1
of Mahogy
trays
wire
1
4 Salvers
1
small coppr tea kettle
cage
Large waiter
6 small hand do
14 prints. 1 iron chest in closet next
2 braces of pocket pistols
6 Large Salts &
brush
2 Maps.
1 Chamber pot
2 Half pint cans
1 large Lamp
fire&
the
cloath'
s
Pantry
continued
1
Closet
1
pots of pickles
Vials of colour' d sugars
Broken
4%
Bread basket
1 Large tea board
with balance weight
1
1
Ladle
1 Turin&
horse for linnen
a case
do
Spoons
Salts &
4 carving Spoons
3 Soup Spoons
1
closet
small
6 small
Vials of Capilare
Physic
Shovels
Wash bason
a
contains
variety
in
of Instruments
of Medicines,
Stand with 3 Casters&
2 Cruets
3 Large Casters
Surgery
16 Candlesticks. 1 flat Candlestick
2 pair of Apothecaries scales.
2 Wire & 2 wooden cages
2 Taper
1 Shays pot, Bason& case of 6 Rasors
1 Stone. 1 Water jug.
8 French plate Candlesticks
3 do
Soop Ladles
1 Lanthern.
small
1
Vinegar
part of
1 do
Lemon
writing stand Bell&
2
Strainer
2 do
do
2 do
do
1 do&
10 large
5 doz
candles.
tallow
3 spermaciti
do 7 large
lamps
night
wax
dipp' d
2 Nozzles &
do
2 Casters
Branches with 4 Nozzles
do
in library table draw
in 3 damask silk bags.
counters
c
7 do&
1 Pan.
1 Silver fish Slice
jug.
jug
1 do
a
24 of Madeira.
Burgundy.
Thread pins&
7 Setts of card
6 doz. Mould
and
Lamp,
2 of Virga Cyder.
40 bottles of Rum,&
4 do
funnel.
tin
part of a jug of
of sweet Oil.
candlesticks
with 1 Stand&
3 Pr Snuffers
with 2 do
with
1 do
pans
6 Gold cups
do
18
Silver
bottle
Labells
3 do punch Ladles
wax
5 do of small do
8
Skewers
7
1
Wine strainer
5 do &
wax
tapers
1 walnut knife box
4 Mahogy&
3 doz. strong black handle
us' d
31
black
35
knives &
handle
knives &
forks
30
forks
little
Tea spoons
2 pr Sugr tongs
2 Cream pots
pretty much
12 Card counters
54 large Knives&
worn.
34 buck handle knives&
55 forks with 3 prongs
2 black Shagreen Cases containg each
35 forks
5 Green handle carving knives& forks&
do white china handle.
1
1
3 Staffordshire Mugs&
japann'
1 small dutch
13
2
japann'
japann'
d
Jacks
doz.
d
Silver handled Knives;
Cisterns
doz
1
doz Forks
1 doz Silver Forks
one doz Spoons
1 do conts 1 doz Silver handled
stand with 4 Casters
tubs.
1
1 small Shagrine Case contg 1 doz Desert Gilt
waiters
1 Lignumvitae
forks &
containing 1 doz Knives &
with China Handles.
Bason
1 half pint mug.
d hand
2 small Cedar
Knives &
large table Spoons.
oven.
wine
large
1
1 Case
3 large
Doz
Forks &
Omitd
7]
1 doz Spoons.
desert Knives
�The Governor' s Palace
1
do contg
Passage up Stairs
Silver handled desert Knives—
eleven
with
1 Doz large table Spoons
Lady
Hereford'
s
6 large globe glass Lamps
Arms
1%
2
1
doz large
Spoons engraved with
table
a
12
Spider
table
MahogY
hair bottom
chairs
Unicorn
1
Sheffield
ware tea Kitchen
2 pr ornamental steel Snuffers&
1 do steel spring Snuffers
3 do common
1
Library
stands.
1 Shovel, tongs, poker fender, hearth broom
Map of N. & S. America.
20 Prints
large mettal oval dish.
1
blue venetian
1
Wilton carpet
Glass in Pantry
12 quart
4 pint
Books
japann' d stand.
do
long beer glasses
6 flower' d small ones.
4
3
Closet off the Passage up stairs
12 doz packs playing Cards.
30 packs of Message Cards
11 Buckling Combs 5 tooth brushes.
cut beer glasses
do plain do
6 flowered wine glass& 13 Hock glasses
1 large tumbler&
10 small ones
large
28
3
a parcel of tooth picks 6 Tobacco pipes.
plain
5 Short wax tapers contain' d in 9
19 Doz&
Canns
6 double flint
35
with the 2 Curtains
1 Japann' d ink stand, 1 green wax taper with
do
water
as Pr Catalogue
which cover them
decanters
5 cut glass wine
16 plain qut do
blind.
papers.
Salts
cut
3 doz. long wax candles.
5 do&
2 middling wax tapers.
Glasses
wine
30 flowered do
6 do large wax lusters
4 glass cruets 2 small flowered do
cut wash hand
glasses& 47 Saucers
14
40
8
ground
3
pr
stoppers
1
crackers
nut
iron cork
do smaller
size do
A parcel of broken wax candles
11 bunches of green wax tapers
screw.
14 do white do
24 lb of chocolate.
A Canister of about 4%2 lb of Hyson Tea
Memorandum
Mr Treasurer recd in
His
Lordship'
1
Diad
2
Gold &
1 Diamd
s
watch Seal &
Key
Hat button
1
steel
ring
Chamber over the Dining Room
seals.
for
1
Winne
Lady
kets&
1
a
Diamd stock buckle
a
Knee buckles
pr of Stone Shoe&
Silver stock buckle ( Marshman has it)
a
red leather
case
Oak bedstd
a
pr
curtains &
valens bed,
of
stone
white quilt 1 bed carpet
MahogY night table.
8 Green
contg
with Chints
bolster a pr of pillows 2 Matrasses 2 blan-
2 pr of gold buttons.
a
Lady' s picture in Minature
1
1 small canister
2 large &
charge
bamboo
chairs
with check' d Cushions
1 MahogY cloaths press.
A green hammer cloth laced with gold
Shoe &
A pr of Pistols with furniture housing gold
Knee buckles.
laced.
Shagreen do of paste Shoe buckles
do of 8 chaced Spoons& sugr tongs.
5 small Swords. &
1
pr cut Steel Shoe Buckles; 2 pr plain Shoe &
knee Buckles- 2 morocco Pocket Books
1 MahogY Desk, empty.
3
Cases Surveyor'
1
small
1
1
Ivory
Sundries
s
Instruments,
Box, 1 tooth
packt
in
a
1 painted chimney board.
1 Iron Grate, Shovel, tongs poker, fender&
2 Snuff Boxes
pick Case
Mahogony
small
some of his Lordshp' s wearing
apparel.
hearth broom.
2 pr green stuf
Case—
8]
window
Curtains&
rods
�The Governor' s Palace
1
Japann'
1
old MahogY
d Ink stand,
white
1 large Walnut chest of draws containg his
Lodp' s Linnen, Gloves, Stockgs& c
stand.
taper&
dressg table.
3
Seal[
s]
kin
cases
In the Closet
Wash bason&
Stand compleat
Mahog.
Oak
the
over
with
bedstd
tains&
ket books of Memorandums
Suit
a
Parlour
front
of
bed, 2
valens,
of pillos&
knee
white
3
Cur-
callico
Gold loops&
1
1
Chimney
Shovel,
Grate,
board,
tongs
of New steel Shoe & Knee buckles.
cut steel Shoe Buckles. pr of old do
2 Sets
poker
hearth broom
Wash Bason with
Mahog.
1
d ink stand.
5
stand.
Mourns
1
stand compleat.
white taper&
Stock
buckles
breeches
buckles
1
Glass
Large
3
Suits of Window
1
Desk&
Chimney
gilt
carv'
4
d frame &
book
1
small chest of draws
curtains
with glass doors empty.
presses with apparel, 2 Snuff
the
ivory box &
small
Seal
1
damask
1
small
1
large easy
chairs
with red check
MohgY
dressg
two
stools
poker,
of walnut.
tongs &
hearth
taper with stand.
table.
In the Store Rooms.
covers
1st
10 Loaves treble refined Sugar.
arm
22 do double.
chair
do Mahog. Table.
2 small do end do
27
1
Wash Bason
caps.
some stockings&
of the
do
arm
ink stand&
Japan
1
Colony.
8 Crimson
case.
broom.
case
cloaths
toothpick
8 yellow bottom chairs &
Grate, fender, Shovel,
brackets
Gilded
handsome
1
Middle Room
1 pr
silver stock buckle
3 steel
1
knee buckles
2 pr of gild' d buckles.
3 gilded stock buckles.
chest
fender &
shoe &
5 pr of sleeve buttons, mourng
small walnut table
1
buckle
3 gold hat buttons
6 Sets of moumg
cushions
press MahogY
of draws
Cloaths
Mahog.
boxes
Hatt
1 pr of gold buttons.
1
2 MahogY
diad
buttons.
counterpane,&
with check
chairs
1
Japann'
1
5 parcels of silver livery hat lace with loops &
bolster, p'
carpet.
1
buckles
2 gold Seals 1 Steel do
mattrasses,
Virg' cloth
white
4 Green Bamboo
1
c.
1 Deal box 1 diamd stock buckle 1 pr of stone
shoe &
1
Instruments &
buckles 1 red leather case a pr of stone shoe
knee buckles. 2 Morrocco Asses Skin Poc-
large deal toilet table.
Chamber
s
surveyor'
1 pr of tongs. 1 do a pair of paste
spoons &
small lookg Glass Maho g' frame
small Mahog. table with leaves.
1
of
1 Shagreen case containg 8 chas' d Silver tea
do single-
3A of a Chest of Congo Tea. 21 1/2 lb Turkey
Mahog.
stand compleat
Coffee 221/ wt India do
4
1 ChimY board. Grate, fender, shovel, tongs
6 ° i Cannister
poker and hearth brush.
of Congo tea
4 Jars of Raisins.
a broken Case of different Sorts of Spices
His
1
Lordship'
s
blankets
1
1
Cane
a Gold Watch, and Walking
Mahog. Bedstd 2 Matrasses,
2
a Box of Corks.
Bed Chamber
green
furniture &
sattin
1
1 old
traveling
Box-
bed
carpet
1
Mahog.
night
table
with
close
stool
1
dressing
Boxes &
Trunk.
1
6 empty deal Boxes.
Mahog.
stand
compleat
with
a leather plate
small empty deal
1 old traveling Leather Trunk—
pan &
chamber
pot
Wash bason &
a Box of Tar.
3 plate
1 old Leather Trunk with Papers said to belong
to the late Govr Fauquier.
Store Room
Chintz &
Chest;
Case
1 Bolster 2 pillows
Bedstead in 3d
quilt &
white
large
26 pr plain Negroes Shoes.
a
32 hair Sifters of different Sorts
Glass.
9]
�The Governor' s Palace
11 gauze do—
5 tin Funnels.
21/
1 Muffin
1 Wine Crane-
Toaster-
3
4 small Graters-
3
1 doz
Soup&
7 paint
6 small&
10 large
4 tin fish
strainers-
Pans-
sauce
161/ do 7 yds deep green Cloth
4
8 yds light cold do- 20%2 yds blue plains
8/ 4 green do- 2 ps & 183A yds Russia Drab- 1
Brushes
Bale
Spoons
wooden
5 Iron
32 balls
Ladles-
tin' d
Pack thread-
2 tin
3 black
Cans-
Japan
2 plate
tin
25 pr
Yarn
1 do
flour
1
1
Gensing
difft Sorts-
of
Snake
mustard-
6 lb do in Shells—
Root-
2
20 Cakes
2
lb
in
Soap
Bees
Powder
26 lb
27 lb best do3 Hearth
do-
3 iron
hair
dust
Machins-
1
Pans-
lb
28
Lemon
2 cloaths
10
Knives-
Box—
2 coal
11
2 do
do &
Bottle
Mops.Brushes-
16
s
yds do 12 Yd do- 131
10 Yds holland Sheeting-
21 damask
Powder-
of
Yd
white
Shalloon2
brown
of Shells—
4 old Cartouch
Boxes
1 very small ma-
2d Store Room—
s
large Beer Glasses.
8 Cruetts-
6 qt Water Decanters- 2 pint do1 gut &
1 pr wine DecanterHuccoback
45
wine
Glasses-
28
Hock
4
yds
do
Snuffers &
9 Japan' d Candle
common
printed
wash
hand
Extinguishers
Extinguishers-
6 pr
Snuffers-
3 green taper Candlesticks— one brokecopper
paste moulds1 plate Basket
Cotton
14
6
wooden
Flannel.
Moulds-
2 Tea kettles
1 ps br. Fustian
crimson
d o— 29
glasses wth 21 Saucers- 2 large glass Shades
4 glass Covers- 28 Japan' d tea boards &
waiters- 2 Japan' d Cheese Trays- 2 flat
Handkerchiefs—
8/
1 Raisor Strap
1 brass Fenderhogony Box-
33
5/ 2 yds
yds brown HollandI Woman' s Cotton Gown
do-
1 Hone &
green Candlesticks
crimson
coat
6 wooden Pencils
2 Bayonets-
8 flat clamp
37 yds Oznabrigs76 yds & /
4 ps checkt Handkerchiefs—
1 ps
waist
12 Arrows— a Pott of bitter almond
2 Bow &
brigs
183/ yds
4
2 Steel Pencils-
Paper— a Parcel
2 Yds worstead gauze—
1 ps fine Damask Napkining
breakfast Cloths- 2 ps Ozna-
ps Morees-
remnants
thread
2 small brown Linen bags— a dble
6 shoe Brushes-
17
5 small
2 doz
thread &
Knives-
Oyster
3
1 ps Holland- 3 ps Sheeting
11 3 yds coarse Irish Linen—
81/
4
Thread-
18 empty Knife& Raisor Sheaths7 quire Cartridge &
a Ream of common
whisks—
Strainers-
rubing brush Clampsbrushes—
7 Checkt
Bunches
a chagrine Case of Raisors& c
hair Powder—
brooms.
dry
1
12
Laces—
ket Knives
Stones-
Brushes-
of Cruels
of Silk-
2 pr Scissars wth Chagrine Cases- 2 dble Pen
brushes— two
7 hearth
of
a piece of Pins—
body Girth- 1 horn handled carving Knife
2 forks- 5 pr spring steel Snuffers- 3 poc-
powder' d
13 plate Brushes
3 quart Bottles Wine—
2 pints strong waters not full, 1 small Cruet
3 phials
wooden
of
16 papers
Buttons-
common
cain
Ball
a
1 doz thread
5 Carpet Brooms—
6 doz
dust
Cannisters
Soap
another
wax-
3
large Paper of Sarsaparilla
a
2 Boxes Bristol
2/
32 hks &
paper green Grass—
broken paper of ston blueblue- 6 lb sweet Almonds
3
worstead &
37 hks Mohair of different Sorts
7 Bunches
do Truffles—
do
of
1 paper&
19 pieces of white Tape-
paper pearl Barley- 2 do white macka2 do yellow do- 1 broken paper Bag
1
3 ps blue
2 ps green ferriting- 6 cut pieces of Ribband of
roons-
of Morells-
Parcels
do— 4
Metal Buttons-
4 tin
Candle Sticks—
50 lb of Starch- 3 tin Cullendars—
1 broken
d conts 3 ps green &
11 Men' s Castor Hats- 23 pr coarse thread Hose
23 pr worstead do
Covers
2 tin pepper Boxes-
unopen'
plains—
Baskets—
20 large Lamps with Irons&
Cloth &
a remnant of Livery
17 yds light colld do
crimson
9 yds do for great Coats- 251/ yds do
4
rolling Pin
wooden
Pewter Spoons
table
3 butter Scoups-
1
yds
Lace-
Strainers
Egg
2 large&
4
1 toasts Fork
1 Dutch
Metal Tea Kitchen
1 copper Boiler
3 Dutch metal Coffee Pots11
Shag.
10]
tin
Night Candlesticks&
1 tinder Box
�The Governor' s Palace
1 tin Still3
doz
1st Chest contg
12 pewter Water Plates
pewter plates- 12 blue &
Tea Cups &
12 Saucers-
6 do Coffee Cups
1 do milk pot- 2 Slop Basons &
1 Sugar
10 Saucers
10 white do coffee Cups&
Room.
3d 2 Venitian Suits of Gauze Curtains-
Dish2
Pales &
cream
Sugar
Dish-
Staffordshire
1
133
plates- 36
wash Bason&
3 Sugar Basons
24 Saucers
Garrett Room over his Lordship' s bed
breakfast
15
do-
shallow
Chamber
do 2 flower Pots—
smaller
Bowl-
1
1 do blue worstead Line—
of Silk&
nant
pots—
4th 4 Remnants of Carpiting-
12 Tea Cups&
Plates-
17
6 round do-
lip Jugs-
Tea
stone
3 Tea pots-
9 butter Basons-
15
white
water
2 Mahogany field Bedsteads wth red Che[ x]
Bottles
Curtains-
6 Lamps—
2 feather
Beds-
2 Mattrasses
stone
close
34 Store
3 Bolsters
2 Quilts-
stool Pans—
Table;
Bottle-
fly Lattice- 100 feet Bird Cage do
1 Chimney Board belonging to the dining Room
Canvass
Portmantua-
bag- 2 Curtain Rods4 Leather
2
1 Oak Chest of Draws
Room
100 feet
1
1 Pillow-
1 old red
3
1
gr[ torn]
Straps-
1
3
pr Saddle
Coat
Bristol-
1
Box
Bermuda
Bags
Coral-
whiting in itof Colours-
Quantities
belonging
to the
3 doz brass
Prussian
3
Front
Blue-
2% 2
unopen'
d
small
doz
a
1
c
old oak Desk1
Bunch
brass large
of small—
a
parcel
curtain
Rings &
Middle
Room
white
6
19 old Prints-
Bedstead;
1 red &
Paper of
on
second
Mattrass,
1 old red Table
bolster
white flower' d QuiltLinen
Curtains-
2
2
Blankets
1 suit blue
old
wire
Bird
Cages-
brass Branches for Globe Lamps
1
do
Room over the Study
small
Pullies-
Parlour
floor do- 4 Remnants of old Matting—
large Sand bag for supper Room—
1
Branches &
spare
illeg] Stand &
illeg]
Room-
in the Ball Room—
Lustre
branches
with
Kegs
2
sta—[
Supper Room Carpet— Dining Room do
Chinese Temple set with Shell[ torn] part of
a bag of black Lead— an old Box with a
little
Bason—[
in a Closet
Frames— a long Box of Gilt bordering intended for the supper Room. Donn' s Map
of
Wash
small Mahogy
1
8 long green Cushions for Stools in the Ball
Curtain
wooden
3 Blankets-
1 Fender— Donn' s map of Bri[ stol]
4 Window Blinds-
Portmantuas-
Leather
4 Chex
Covers for the Smoaking Chairs— a Rem-
Bason&
Slop
Ware
7 Coffee Pots39 soup
2
1
Ladles-
Prints-
Parcel of Maps&
a
2d 2 green Damask Curtains— Oznabrigs intended to paste the Paper on in the Supper
China
white
2 Bunches
paper white Studds
of Nails with brass Heads &
Garrett
a
small
[
No entries
Room over Front Parlour
here.]
Tacks— a parcel of white Tacks— an empty
deal Box-
3
Mahogany
Waiters
Cellars
in
4th Store Room—
60 flint
for preserving
glass Bottles
Remnants of Rush Matting
In the Passage
4 large
Chests &
Insects-
2
Trunks-
Passage
1
Barrel
1
Hogshead
4
wooden
6 Casks
strong &
Molasses
small
Beer
beer Cellar
2 Bushel
Closet
3 blue Moreen Window Curtains belonging to
the
dining
per Room-
Room-
1 blue baise do for
small
2 powdering Tubbs
1 empty Carboy; 7 Iron Hoopsa
do
Bird
Cages—
in
6
of Cranberries
2 empty Hhds-
up Stairs
2
the
Beers— unopen' d
Cask of Split Pease
the Passage
Sup-
4 pr Blankets—
No entries
11]
here.]
1 empty cask—
�The Governor' s Palace
Rum
1
Hhd
Cellar
Rum &
1
pans-
Cyder Cellar
1/ 3. 2 brass Cocks.
abt
2
1 Barrel
earthen
Brass
Cocke
5 Bottles
1
english
peach Brandy-
old Cask-
stooper—
2 gr. &
3 doz &
in
an
Cyder
half Virg' Cyder
Stone Cellar
abt
11
doz
english
Hotwell
Meats.—
sweet
frost-
glass &
water.
sweet
moist
a
3
4 doz
Meats-
box &
entire &
Strong beer Cellar
gallipots
3 doz 9 Bottles
2
potts Virga
paper of twisted
5 broken Potts of
1
damaged
Ale—
Hhd of Rum; abt half a Hhd of Spirits
24 doz&
8 Bottles of strong Beer
sweet meats— part of a pot of pickled man1 whole& 1 broken pot of Tamarin
pots of Walnuts. 2 full Jars of Currants
3 full Boxes of Sperma Caeti Candles—
goes.
4
11 Bottles of Capers2 do anniseed Water
1
Madeira £& Cheese Store
entire
Whole
Box
mould
6 Pipes of Madeira
3 do Olives
Candles
of Molasses
a Case wth about forty Pound of Hops
1 do english Ginn
tallow
Wine-
small Part of a Hogshead
2 dble
1
pr of do
Gloster
Cheeses-
Box of Corks&
1 pr dipt do a Parcel of old Boxes
37
single
do
a
small
Bottle Stopper
The Out- Houses
Cellar
Cooks
9
1
Bottles
gooseberries;
Vinegar- 1/ 3 of a
3
Bottles
Cask
dble
Currants-
1
distill
State Coach, &
Post
2/ 3 of
Chaise,
Horses &
Cask brown Sugar— half Cask Rice—
1
Post
Coach
Horses &
with
2
2.
7%
2
doz: —
3.
37 doz &
New Waggon &
Mr Fauquier
Horses
Madeira—
1
7 Madeira—
3 Bottles English small Beer
5
5.
2 Barrow pigs,&
2
4 Bottles of Porter
5 Bottles Claret—
181/
11.
12 doz&
2
1 Bull, 5 Stears,
and 3 Calves
1 Stack of Hay
1
2 Bottles Madeira.
23
Large
Wheel
Barrow
Bushels of Indian Corn
47% 2 Bushels of Oats
In the Vault
6 doz &
23
Bushels of English Wheat
8 Bottles of Claret-
2 doz 1 Bottle
white
Wine—
Negroes
16 Bottles Arrack—
Hannah
4 doz malmsay Madeira— Mr Fauquier
doz peach Brandy- 2 Bottles Honey
Doll
Dan
Sally & her Child Billy
11
6 Bottles old Claret-
3 Bottles Champaine
14
Bottles old Spirits-
6 Bottles fine Arrack
11
Bottles
french
Brandy-
3 doz &
4 Bottles
Matt Piper
old
Cesar
Phillis
Spirits
12]
for Six
Iron Traces
1 Boar at the Attorneys
19 Weathers
2 Bottles Burgandy
doz red Port—
Harness
Collars &
37 Head of Sheep
doz&
10.
Six
Store
1 plough, &
1 pair of Harrows, &
1
Bush Frame, and 1 plough paddle
Grey Coach Horses, & 1 Mare
Grey Saddle Horses, & 1 Mare, & 1 Bay Filly
7.
11
four
Store
for
the
Roller,
4 Cows,
9.
for
the
compleat
Boxes ( in
a Cart, with
with Leather
371/ 2 doz. strong beer very fine
6. 14 Bottles old Madeira.
8. 27 doz&
in
Setter and Grease Box
1
bottles old Hock— Ben. Kenton
doz do
9 doz&
Harness
draw
two
1
4
81/
4. 9 doz&
compleat
Trunk
1 Green park Chair
contains
17 doz&
Harness
Leather
Room)
Binn Cellar
1.
a
Room
3 parts of three Pots Lard—
No
Harness for a pair of Horses
with
�The Governor' s Palace
14%2 Sheets of Scowring paper, 2 Coach
Poultry
Horse Whips,
20 Turkeys
18 Geese
1
9 Ducks
Bolster,
2
5 Rakes, 4 Large
Howes
Drawing
Howes,
1 Dung
3 Small
Howes, 3 Dutch
Spade, 1 Edging Knife,
1
1 Boot Jack-
1 Tarping
Fork
Groom'
Small Gravel Rake, 1 Dock Iron
2 Scythes,
22 Large
Bell
Glasses,
1
Bell
Small
Bolster,
Glass, 21 Dozen of Earthen Flower pots
1 Cap Glass
Grubbing Hoe, 1 Small
pick Axes, 2 Felling
Axe,
Red Check Curtains,
2 Chamber pots,
a
1
Logger,
Sledge,
2
Augures,
1
Waggon
1
14
Rope,
1 Cross
Cut
1
Saw,
Drawing
Ladder,
Round
4 Casks
with
2 Calf Muzzles,
1
Room &
a
bers,
with
Clover &
Hay
Closet
4 Saddle
Brushes, 6 Horse Brushes,
3 Oyl Brushes,
zles,
17
Rub-
2 Inside
Spunges
Currey
Reins,
Combs,
Mains,
2
Collers
new,
1 Card&
Collars,
Cases, 2 Horse Muz-
Old
Horse
Collars,
Coller
New
Rack
1 pr New
2 New powder Flasks, 1 pr Holsters almost
new, 3 New thin Skins, 1 New Furniture
Spunge for ye Horses
1 Girt, 6 Horse
12
6
Halters,
Stirrup Irons and Leathers, 1 New Crupper,
Lea-
pad, 12 Brass Saddle Buttons and Staples,
1 New Currey Comb, 1 pr of polished Stirnip Irons, 3 pr Silver Mounted Horse pis-
pr of Hobbles,
6 D° used,
1 New
Cloaths,
Reins, 6 New Hempen
Stirrup
Nets,
Girts, 6 pr New Double Do 3 New Surtingles, 3 Old Saddle pannels,
2 New Mail pillions and Straps, 2 New Horse
Cover to Trunk
3 Black
Horse
3 Old Do 2 pr Old Girts, 15 pr New Single
1 Green Cover
4 Black Straps, 3 Hempen Halters,
thers,
4
Rack
5 New
1 New Breast plate to a Saddle, 3 New Heads&
Reins to Furniture Bridles, 7 pr new Stirrup
Leathers, 1 pr Do used
2 Watering Bridles
1 New Running Martingale, 5 New Cruppers,
Deal Case
2 Oyl Cloath Portmanteau
4 New
White Do with Green Binding, 3 Old Furni-
In Post Coach Trunk
8 Horse Nets, Oyl Cloath
Worn,
ture Saddle
5 Water Brushes,
1 Brass Brush, 5 Main Combs&
Badson,
Red Saddle Cloath with white Binding, 1
1 Hard Brush,
2 pr of Stirrup Irons, 2 Spunges,
for the post Coach
and Blue
nels, 4 New Rollers,
2 Do a little
Adjoyning
3 White
Bosses
4 New Fillet Cloaths, 4 New Saddle pan-
Cut-
Barrows,
Cloaths,
Gold
White Rubbers, 6 Horse Sheets almost New,
1 Thistle
Turkey Coop—
6 Fillet Cloaths,
6 Rollers,
In Large
New
1 Snaffle D° with cased Bit, 1 Furniture Bridle
Do
In Deal Case
6 Horse Sheets,
1
with cased Bit,
Knife,
25
plain
6 New Snaffle Bridles, 2 New pelham Bit Bridles,
with polished Bits, 1 New Do with Gold
Bosses, and polished Bit, 1 D° almost New
Sawe,
pitching Fork, 3 Scythes,
of Wooden Rakes, 1 Line,
of Old Lumber
s
Saddle
Livery Saddle with Furniture, 2 Old Livery
Saddles with Furniture, 1 Old plain Saddle,
Hand
a
Coachman'
with
Cloath,
1
Faggot
1
paddle, 1 plank of Cherry Tree, l
ting Knife, 7 paddlocks, 6 Wheel
parcel
Saddles,
Saddle &
7
Do
1
new
Bill,
Rhye Grass Seeds,
a
Stitched
Cloaths,
parcel
1
3 Silver
1
Small
Forks,
6 Mawls,
2 Old pine Tables,
Axes,
Howe, 8 Spades,
4 Short
1
3 Blankets,
2 Mauls with Iron Hoops,
1
Iron Wedges,
Broad
Closet Adjoyning
Bedstead, 2 Mattrasses,
1 Close Stool,
4 Maddocks
Broad
Room&
1 Old Red and White Flowered Quilt, with
Park Implements
1
s
1 Field Mahogany
1 Wire Sieve,
4 Madocks,
1
Writing Desk, 4 Old Green Bottom Chairs,
1 Swing Looking Glass, 2 Iron Dogs, with Brass
Nobs, 1 poker, 1 pr Tongs, 1 Hair Broom,
Barrows, 4 pr Garden Shears, 1 Saw
4 Watering pots, 1 Small Hatchet, 3 Baskets
4 Wheel
5 Spades,
Mattrasses,
2
Check Curtains, 1 Old Oak Table, 1 Walnut
Knifes, 2 Asparagus Knifes
Weeding
Bedstead,
3 Blankets
1 Red and White Flowered Quilt with Red
Implements
Garden
1 Phaeton Do ( 2 Corn Sieves
in ye Stable)
Field Mahogany
Reins,
13]
�The Governor' s Palace
4 New
tols,
1
Cask in
Horse
1
Joggs,
about
Furniture
New
1/ 3 of Firkin
of
Butter,
2
Neat' s
Tongues,
Whip
Boot Jack (
1
Half Bushel,
1 Iron Sieve,
1 Cake of Tallow, part of a Carboy of Vinaigre,
Old
1
6
Granary)
Ropes
of
Onions.
A parcel
of broken
Staffe ware.
1 large wooden Tray. 5 empty Cags
Laundry
5
Flat
Irons,
2 Box
Irons,
with one
Heater
to
Smoke House.
each,
2 Iron
Stands,
pr of Tongs, 1 Large Boyling
1
a
Copper,
2 Tubs of soft soap
Barrel &
133 pieces of Bacon. 4 large powdering tubs
1 Long Stool, 2 pine Tables, 1 Linnen Horse, 1
Mangle,
1 Large
In the Cole house is about 1000 Bushels of Sea
Iron
pot,
1
Brass
Skillet,
2 Linnen
1 piggin,
4 Mangle
Coal by conjecture-
Baskets,
3 Washing
Tubs, 2 pails,
In the Salt house is 6 whole Sacks of Salt &
Cloaths,
2
Ironing
Cloaths,
Funnel,
Wooden
1
1
a
Hair
9 pieces of Tubs pots &
piece.
Kitchen
Stuff. an empty fish Barrel.
Sieve,
3 Rensing Tubs ( 1/ 3 part of a Barrel of Lamp
Oyl, a small Quantity of Tar in ye Cellar
adjoyning to the Laundry)
Charcoal
1
house
Wooden
about
40 bush' s to appearance
bushel
Mease
and
some
lum-
ber
Dairy
5 Tin pans, 5 Earthen pans, 1 Small Churn, 1
Scullery
pail
1
1
2 Wash/3 tubs. 6 water pails
piggin, 1 Small Brass Kettle, 1 Tin Do
Large Double Turkey Coop—
3 Iron pots. 1 pr Iron Dogs.
1 pr of Iron spit racks
6 Spits.
Small Room adjoyning to
1
Poultry
1
Gardiner'
1
s
Bolster,
Bed, Mattrass,
Feather
3
pillow,
Blankets,
1
Red
Old
Red
Do
Iron
2 Old
2 Old
2
s
Skimer&
2
1 poker- 2 Old pine Tables,
Waiters, 2 Black Cans
Iron Trivets.
1
pickled
to the
Kitchen
piece
Jar
1
old
1
Whole
Kitt
1 flesh fork.
2 Gridirons
poker& Tongs.
large boils coppr 1 Box iron & a heater.
1
blue Salt box.
1 Marble
Mortar.
5 Stone jarrs empty. 1 large Glass Lanthern
half bushel
2 Iron
of Sal-
meat
hand basket.
cleavers.
21
Pewter
Dishes &
15
plates.
mon,
1
picks pot.
1 old wooden chair. 1 large Fire Screen.
1
Tripe,
old
1
Jack& Appurtanences.
1 Dutch Oven. 1 Salamander. 1 pr Bellows
Larder
2 Barrells
Chair.
wooden
1
belonging
Iron
large meat
1
Out Houses
1
for candle moulds.
1
Dogs,
Iron
roaster.
Kitchen
Dogs, Fender,
Hall
Mahogany
Chesnut
jelly stand. 1 old plate rack. 1 Ax.
Tongs and Shovel.—
Servant'
Stand
1 old
and
White Flower' d Quilt, with Green and
White Cotton Curtains, 1 Old pine Table,
1
1
2 Wooden Trays. 1 small stone jug
1 old sieve. 1 Iron Oven peel
Room
Field Bedstead,
Small
Coffee &
board.
2 Old Blankets
Old Mattrass,
1
frying pan. 1 old tin candle box. 1 chops
House
of
Do
1
of Candid
Lard,
1
piece
Jar
of
Virginia
of
Jar
Mangoes,
12 White
1
2 round coffee canisters. 1 parcel of Hartshorn
piece of Hogs
of pickled Anchovies,
Lemmon,
1 pewter fish Strainer.
stone Scollop&
5 Tea Canisters
1
Shayss&
14]
1 do Ising Glass.
�The Governor' s Palace
1 small &
1
large
16 Earthen
1
Sieve.
Case
18 Lards
of
50 cut
sweet meat
Silibub
jelly &
Glasses
39 plain square jelly do
16 pewter ice Moulds
Needles.
87
pots
Jelly&
silibub do of different sorts
2 pair steak tongs.
16 Tart pans glass. 8 flat sweet meat pans.
3 Wooden rolls pins 1 knife& fork.
1 Coffee mill fix' d. 4 doz. copr Moulds.
41 pieces of common desert glasses
3 pewter Ice
different
markers.
1 old 8
day
9 doz. &
moulds.
9 Tin
3 common sweet meat midg glass.
moulds
2 paste brushes.
2 small iron stands
5
forms.
clock.
26 pewter cande
a small quantity of Izing glass.
paste
moulds
Linnen
8 old hair Sieves. 1 pr of 2 lb coppr—
scales&
weights.
1 small flower
jarr
1 small
2 Tin
keg.
candied
Gauze
26 Pillow cases
1 old pewter dish.
1 hand Dinner Bell.
1
2 pr very large fine Sheets
17 pr lesser fine do
18%s pr Servants do
stone
P eel.
orange
Sieve.
4 Damask long Dinner table cloths
cullenders.
6 Doz. Napkins to Do
21
Copr Stew pans&
24 Covers.
4 do Soup pots & covers
1 do Alamode
pot &
4' Damask long table Cloths
3/ s doz Napkins
cover
1 do preserB pot & do
1 d° small fish kettle &
4 Middle
cover
do
Soup
1
lades
2 long Damask table cloths
do Skimmer
morter
1
2 large pewter
3 copr chafing dishises
bisket
water
pans.
Damask
35
5
Huckaback
Towels
dresser
cloths.
Cook' s Bed Chamber
plates
glass flower stands 4 green do
2 round cut glass cream basons
Scollop
Rubbers
1 Field bedstd 2 Matrasses 3 blankets 1 Quilt
1 Bolster&
pillow, Red check Curtains.
4 Scollopt
do oval
Towels
do
Round
do with 14 pails
21
2
do
doz. fine diaper
frame compleat
5 flat plates. 3 looks glass frames.
4
5 doz odd Napkins
doz fine diaper tea Napkins
Damask
2 Coarse
Glass Salvers
pirimid&
cloths&
cloths
Servants table cloths
121 2
2/
dishes
64 Brown
plain
table cloths
36 Breakfast
Glass
1
to do
table cloths
30 Dinner table
1
27
1 cut glass
to do
2 doz Napkins to do
3
21
cloth
6 doz. Napkins to do
2
1 do soup horse
3 Funnels.
covers.
doz. Napkins
6 Fine damask
1 Iron bastg ladle
graters 4 tin maples
large tin flat candlestick.
Middle
1
2 oval tin do
tin
21 tin meat
to do
1 large Damask table cloth
ventilator
4 large
to do
4 doz. Napkins
2 round copy paste pans&
4 Iron bird S its
1 Tin
Cloths
5 doz. Napkins to do
1 do fish Strainer.
3 do
to do
4 long Diaper table cloths
5 do Sauce pans &
1 do drippB pan.
1 Bell mettle pestle&
2 chops knives
do
39 do of best cut— do
of
2
1
dishes
do
plates.
3 do sweet meat glasses for
Orgeat glasses.
Round
1
do
1
do&
covers &
Green easy Chair with green covers&
Arm chair leather bottom.
1
a change
67
6 Mahogy
46 plain flint jelly& Silibub glasses
5 buttr dishes &
covers.
1
Mahogy
do Tea
Table with leaves.
do
Chairs Hair bottoms
Walnut Desk.
3 pr red check' d window Curtains.
15]
Cushion
�The Governor' s Palace
2
1
steel
cutt
Tooth
2 Tea pots 3 Cups& Saucers
Sugr dish& 2 bottles of Staffordshire
15
of New steel
hearth brush
pokers 1 Fender, Tongs Shovel &
1 dust pan. hangs trivet
Coppr Tea kettle
Pick
Knee Buckles,
shoe &
one Pair of
Knee Buckles, one Handsome
shoe &
Case,
Prints.
1
2 black
In Dining Room
The
Basket.
1
Sieve.
1
7 Canisters.
ware
Canns.
japann' d
and other Things
Desk, to be put in the Most convenient of the
tumbler.
glass
Papers
contain' d in the Library Table and Mahogany
6 Artificial flowers.
1
Private
Public &
Two&
be sent carefully to England the thirteen
Wax Portraits, The East India Firelock,
Servant' s Hall
Staffords. round Dishes
67
do
oval
23
do
pudds
10
In Chamber over Dining Room
do
64
The Pistols with furniture &
soup plates
do
11
five small Swords
do 1 Sallad Dish.
In Middle
Room
shallow
6 large&
6 round&
4 Turins &
4
Two Snuff Boxes one Small Ivory Box
4 small breakfast plates
6 oval fish strainers
In Store Room
5 Sauce boats
covers.
Cups.
Egg
One Piece of Fine Damask Napkining
All the Maps and all the Books
Celler
All
14 Gross of empty bottles.
in
Plate
the
General. &
Knives
Forks
and
Spoons—
All the China
Garret
over
front
the
Parlour
feather
bedstd
1
Field
1
pillow 1 blanket
Mahogr night table.
1 pewter bed pan.
1
Quilt
All the Table & House Linen
Matrass
bed,
red
bolster
Three Pipes of Madeira to be fill' d &
Curt,
checks
Well
None of the Staffordshire Ware to Come.
1 Mah. Desk.
1 claw fire screen
1 small black walnut table
A CATALOGUE
Grate, fender poker tongs& Shovel
Wash hand bason& stand compleat
1
1
IN
1 old red japann' d table.
japann' d Ink Stand.
Volumes
3
2
TO
BE SENT
OF YE BOOKS
LIBRARY
n° of
1
THINGS
THE
TO
ENGLAND
Clarendon' s History of the Rebellion
Dictionary
onary
JPohnson' Dicyt' stiunary
My
Lords Bed
Statutes
2
Anderson
3
chamber
Johnson' s Dictionary
s
7
In
2
Plinius Harduini
at Large
on Commerce
Gold Watch and Walking Cane
Three seal skin
Cases of surveyors
Instruments
2
Miller' s Gardener' s Dictionary
Eight
Chas' d Silver
1
Virginia Laws
1
Laws of Virginia
one
Shagreen
Case
Tea Spoons and
conts
pair of Tongs,
one
one
Pair of
2
one
red
Knee Buckles,
Books
pair of Stone Shoe and
two Morrocco Asses Skin Pocket
Leather Case
a
one
Stock
one
Pair of Stone Shoe&
Diamond
Steel
1
Pamphlet Military Devotion
Laws—
1
buckle
one
Virginia
Seal,
Hatt
one
Knee Buckles
Buckle,
two
Gold
Pair of Gold Buttons,
Byron' s Narrative—
1
of Memorandums,
Diamond
1<
Ralegs History of the World
1
Paste buckles
Ode to Shakespear
1
Seals,
two
Journal of H. Burgesses—
one
1
Seat of the late War—
setts
1
Map North America
16]
Cas' d
�The Governor' s Palace
1
Kerkead—
1
Stiths His:
1
Ignorant
Philosopher—
1
Essays on Husbandry
A
of Pamphlets &
1
Cordens
1
Atlas-
1
Postlethayt' s System
1
paste board
red Letter Case—
parcel
3
Books
old Magazines—
of Prints &
Drawings
in
of Virginia
His of Canada
Conquest
4
Bacon'
3
Acts
Works
s
51
of George
the
second
in the
begining
Leland' s
Popes
1
Lockes Works
Oeuvres
9
Dictionary
Sherlocks
2
of Mexico
Law
Jacobs
Pounal
8
1
1
4
on the Colonies
Camp Discipline
4
Smollet' s Continuation
Sermons
de Voltaire
Demosthenes—
Works
2
Douglass' s North America
2
European
Traps Virgil
1
1
Ansons
Voyage
1
Military Essay
Bailey' s Dictionary
1
Journal
of the House of Burgesses
1
Meiges Do
3
4
Atterbury' s Sermons
15 yr of His Reign, ending the 30th
Coopers Dictionary
2
2
4
Minutes
1
of the Lord
from
1765
1
to
1
Universal
I
Map
6
Hanmers
of the
Boyers
6
Janr
1768
May
Settlements
Tom Jones
Do Abridged
9
L' Ami de Hommes
I
Discourse
6
Treatise
1
marine
Letter' s de Maintenon
6
Dictionary
of Virginia
Telemaque
Sherlock' s 3rd Volume
Shakespeare
not his Lordship' s
of Trade
1
Popes
5
Popes
3
L' Esprit de la Lique
4
Smollets His. of England
6
Memoirs
9
Ciceronis
1
Belisaire
3
Robert'
2
Adventures of Jos. Andrews 1 missing
3
missing
Blackstones
1
only one
Spinkes Devotion
2
L' Esprit des Loix
6
3t
Carter' s Epictetus
6
Humes
Illiad
2 Vols Goldsmith'
Odyssey.
History—
Opera
His:
s
s
Roman
Oliveti
of Charles
the
Commentaries
5th
1st Vol.
2nd Do 1 &
3d
do lent out & not returnd
de Maintenon
Observations
1
Prussian
Exercise
Do
Oeuvres de Moliere
Fool of Quality
2
Statutes
Plays
1
the
on
c
Select Plays T&
8
6
missing—
0
4
England— all
Swift' s Works
His:
9
of
His:
8
2
E. R. do
1
on Ventilators
Antoninus' s Meditations
1
of the 5 Indian Nations
1 T.6
2d Mr Stark
C
Milton' s Paradise
1, 2, Do
lost
1
Hainsworths
1
Dictionare
do
1769&
1
Caesar Auden dorpii
Virginia Almanack
do
1
Boyers
Flora Virginica
1
Littletons
de Boyer
Dictionary
City Register for 1768
1770
do
26
4
Court&
Dictionary
Statutes
20
Universal
at
Large 24th do
Books doubtful to whom they belong
History
1
Bible &
1 Prayer Book
1
Diseases
of the
1
Stat. Will. &
1
Virgo Laws abridg' d
1
Johnson'
2
Knox' s
3 Books of Journals— sent to Mr Wythe Attorney
1 Flora Virginica— said to come from Mr Clay-
Army
ton-
M. Coll.—
3d Vol of Rapins History3 Vol' s
Dictionary— do
historical Journal.
Sherlock' s
Sermons
said
to
be
in
the
House when my Lord came-
s
1 Book of engross' d Letters— retd to the Office—
17]
�The Governor' s Palace
In the Passage up Stairs
FURNITURE
STANDING
AT THE PALACE
3 large Roman Catholick
Pictures
1 glass Lanthom
in the Front Parlour
1 large looking Glass.
1 pT Steps in the Passage
Closet-
Prints
34 Scripture
2 Shades in Frames
2 Brass Branches
7
Mahogony
1
Study
Chairs
Iron Grate.
1 check Curtain &
Fry& Jefferson'
Map
s
in
Closet.—
the
2
Colours.
Chamber over the Dining Room
looking
Glasses-
6 fine
2
leather Buckets
1
Glass
with
black
Frames &
2 glass
2 outer Window Screens
10 Prints in Frames in the Closet
Room
In the dining
looking
Sconces
1 step Ladder
step Ladder-
Rod
1 Writing Table
Passage
In the Hall &
Arms &
1 Looking Glass.
one looking Glass wth painted Frame
1 p' brass Sconces.
Side Board wth Marble Slab
1
Chamber over the front Parlour
1 looking Glass. 14 Prints
In the Ball Room
19 Leather Bottom
Mahogony
chairs
Middle
8 long stools
8
Brackets.
stockoe
Room
2 long looking Glasses with red gilded frames
1 large Glass on the Side of the Room with
carved gilt frame
6 brass Branches.
Glass
Lustre
with six Branches
Supper Room
2
long
walnut
16 Walnut
dining
Leather
Tables
bottom
In his Lordship' s Chamber
chairs
One Chimney looking Glass
A Glass Lustre wth 12 Branches
a Shade—
a Stand of Shelves
In the Porch
2 large deal Benches
In the Powder
in the 2d Store
Room
2 Dressers
3d [ store
In the little
Dresser &
Monumental
Bedstead-
Piece
1
to Thou
Fair-
1
in Passage up Stairs
old Glass Lanthom
4 very old black Leather Chairs
pT Steps
In the
Room over his Ldship' s Bed Chamber
Pantry
Gilt looking
3 paintings
1 looking Glass with Gilt Frame
Glass
over
the
1 brass Sconce
a Parcel of old Iron
fax
an
room]
6 spring Blinds- 4 Billiard Tacks— parts of a
Room
2 brass Sconces—
Chimney&
a
middle
Room
1 long Box with a Parcel of broken Sconces-
Stand
Door
Map of New England
4 Leather Bottom Mahogony
1 pr old Money Scales
of Shelves—
Cellar
Chairs.
Wooden Horses18]
1 Rope
�The Governor' s Palace
1 Scarlet Rateen Coat and Waistcoat full
Garden
12 leaden&
1
Stone— Tubbs &
Rolling
trimmed,
flower Potts
six stone
1
Tree &
orange
Scarlet
Gold
Laced
Frock
2 Gold Laced Buff Waistcoats, 1 Pr Buff
Roller for the Tubbs—
Breeches
1 Camblet Sea Cloak, lined with Green Baize
Outhouse
1
1
Handmill—
Bed Gown and Night
2 Pr of Flannel
Cap
Drawers,
1 Do Under Waistcoat,
2 Cotton Under Waistcoats, 5 Linnen Do
3 Pr Linnen Drawers,
in the Wine Store
1
Ladder &
Step
3
Horses-
11 Pr of Cotton
Do
old Chair
Arrived since the taking the foregoing
Inventory,
2 large Shelves—
1
Scarlet Gold Laced Frock,
1 blue plain Do
WEARING
In Chamber
1
over
2 Blue Frocks, &
His Lordship' s Bed Chamber
Room
Dining
Blue Cloth Frock wth
6 Pr of Cotton Drawers,
APPAREL
white
56 Ruffled Shirts, 6 plain Do
Lining
51
2 Waistcoats
3 Pr Black Velvet Do 1 Pr of
1
Pr
White
Velvet
Do
1
Cloth Do
white
White
Cambrick
Sattin
Sword- knots
White watered silk Embroidered
Silk Under Waistcoat
1 Thickset
Frock, 1 Brown
1 Fustian
Frock &
Old Brown,&
Cloth
3
White
15
Silk
Pr of Wash Leather&
1
1
Old
Scarlet
Pr of Yellow
1
1 Old Blue Great Coat
Waistcoats,
2 Blue
Great
Black
Silk
coats,
1
Cravet,
6 Pr of White
Room
9 Pr
1
1
1
18
1 Do of
a
Larger Pattern
Hats
Rateen
1 Pr
Worsted
Do,
1
Pr Black
Worsted
1 Scarlet
Worsted
Gauze
Do,
10
Pr
Brown
Pr of Boot DoPr Black
28 Pr White Silk Do
Silk Do 30 Pr White
2 Cravets,
Cotton
2 Single
Do
Caps,
3 Pr New Shoes, 1 Pr pumps Do
5 Pr Slippers, 4 Pr Boots Do, 2 Pr lased Spurs,
5 Wigs worn, 1 New Do, 2 Flesh Brushes,
Suit of Crimson Cloth
Frock,
Do
20 Pr Shoes worn, 8 Pr pumps Do
1 Whisk, 1 Cloaths Brush, 3 Wig Stands
1 Do of Scarlet, 1 Blue Cloth Coat full trimmed
Brown
Thread
23 Cambrick and Linnen Caps, 16 Flannel Do
Mourning
Mourning Frock and Waistcoat
Raven Grey Do— and Do
2 Full Suits of Black Cloth
1
White
4 Pr Leggings,
with Weepers
1 Full trimmed
Do 6 Pr Brown
Thread [ Do]
Silver,
1 White
Suit of
6 Pr New Black Worsted
20 Pr plain White Worsted Do, 6 Pr Ribbed Do
1 Do of White Cloth, and White Silk Waistcoat,
1
Weepers,
Gauze [ Do]
1 Compleat suit of pale Crimson Cut Velvet
1 Do wth Gold Buttons, deep coloured Do
5 Black, and
Pr Cambrick
White [ Do]
10 Pr of Black
1 Do Gold Tissue,
11
Stockings
Scarlet
Bays Wrappers—
laced with
Doe Skin Gloves,
1 purple Sprig in a Cockle Shell
Do
Cloak
In the Middle
case
Kidd Do, 1 Black Silk Stock,
26 Silk Handkerchiefs,
Do,
Gilt
5 New and
Silk Cockades,
Do
Doyley
Waistcoat,
Gold Laced
4 Green
1 Small
Bag, 2 Remnants of Black Crape, 6 Black
Waistcoat
Waistcoats
Silk
Boxes,
1 Old pr of Kidd Gloves, 1 New Silk Wig
Crimson
1
1 Blue
in Ban
of Phyals, 3% 2 Yds of Cambrick,
1
1
2 Doz Suits of Laced Ruffles,
chiefs,
5
Under
Waistcoat
2 White
Stocks,
1 Pr Mourning Ruffles, 37 Cambrick Handker-
2 Pr Leather Breeches, 5 Pr Black Silk Do
Do Waistcoat,
Botetourt manuscripts, Virginia State Library.
19]
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Miscellaneous Publications
Description
An account of the resource
Miscellaneous Publications is a collection of single publications of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation which were not issued in serial form or as part of a series. Please note that due to the age of some publications, the information presented does not always reflect the most recent research available or the most recent interpretive decisions about how to present a site or a building and its contents to the public. Researchers should not rely on these publications alone to understand the most recent interpretation of Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings and sites.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
An inventory of the contents of the Governor's Palace taken after the death of Lord Botetourt : An inventory of the personal estate of His Excellency, Lord Botetourt, Royal Governor of Virginia, 1768-1770
Subject
The topic of the resource
Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.)
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
©1981
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/6f3c26cf5d46dae611622ac2635a2103.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=gc2FrECM-0h02XsxK56rYF055TzDMokapF1vyZDiPZH-nrAJwGQESX1f40nRAbYURvjfT2d0lJfgDQLQiwBW8K7%7EDIHjXw%7E24eKOmEsl66TLATxQ6mXYIUXkG9-o6ZtkgDTwDemlTqu6YnH7ycg1TsXCZ6ZCTL0OeaZIXrRYlaGN7VggNKzHOKZLttLw1J2a0VViuxXKllPbWHlEEvPruKXBjFpBG7C4xp8fKTf19GrmR9PANQkyW7E3uQ3RaniK-dqP8rR0Uz6XxYT1O-lyKJWZNEkknQXZQsGRl%7E2rgijyYa-GXnyvulMzIr7oPekjuu4Yyokob3aiJnErGtfy0A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
bd138461a38d57cbe94dce8bf08085dc
PDF Text
Text
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INVENTORIES
'
of
Four Eighteenth- Century
Houses
Historic
in the
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WETHERBURN' S TAVERN
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GOVERNOR' S PALACE (
Lord Botetourt)
j- ---:-.'--"•t
�Introduction
SURVIVING
INVENTORIES
are the most immediate
and com-
prehensive tools we have to guide us in the task of refurnishing our
eighteenth- century houses in an appropriate manner. Ordered by law
upon the demise of a property owner as protection both for the estate and
for creditors, the inventory of a household could be taken with exactness,
giving details and the whereabouts of objects, or with oblique inefficiency,
according to the personality of the widow and the character of those com-
piling the lists. Fixtures and wives' personal property were excluded by
law from estate inventories, the latter category offering as much leeway as
any female might feel inclined to exert. To facilitate the compilation of
lists, it seems obvious that objects were sometimes moved from their logical locations.
Eighteenth- century terminology—
in its manifest varieties—
gives further pause. The four inventories reproduced here reveal a number
of such diversities. Each of them is of inordinate help to the curator, but
if they were more precise and informative how much easier his task
would be!
The existence and reprinting of these inventories should not lead the
visitor to conclude that the pertinent buildings are now furnished exactly
to correspond. It has not been possible to find certain objects listed. Other
items are described in such a way as to allow a colorful variety of interpreFor example, in the forty years that the Governor' s Palace has
been open as an exhibition building, much work has been done, but
tations.
much still
beaureau,"
China
how—
remains
or
to be
done,
on
what
the two " silver Branches
exactly
was
with 4 Nozzles,"
the " old
finear' d
or the " English
and exactly how they were used and arranged; and
without the eighteenth- century people who bought and used them
candlesticks";
they can be made to play their part in the evocation of history. Inventories can be detailed, precise, and voluminous, but they can also be
maddeningly vague and sparse. They must be supplemented
by other
documents, such as wills and account books, and by archaeological evi3]
�Introduction
dence,
and must be used with the caution
that naturally
accompanies
specialized knowledge of the historical period and its objects.
These four documents
have much
to
offer
the
social historian.
Bote-
tourt' s extended and fascinating inventory reveals a degree of elegance
surely
extraordinary
in
the
colonies.
Peyton
Randolph' s possessions
signify the importance of his and his family' s place in society, yet the
For instance, no pictures are mentioned, alsurprising.
though we know from Betty Randolph' s will that there were portraits in
the house. Wetherburn' s inventory is admirably itemized by location, but
omissions
are
it has been
damaged
and
is
therefore
incomplete.
Anthony Hay' s in-
ventory is long and detailed, although not, unfortunately, itemized by
room. The assemblage of these four documents in one place affords a
good opportunity to examine the range of materials with which the curator
has to work.
Thus the present furnishings and their arrangements rest largely on
inventories and supporting corollary evidence. We take pride in this
accomplishment, while recognizing the continuing challenge to bring
object and document
ever closer together.
GRAHAM
HooD
Director of Collections
4]
�The Governor 's Palace
AN
INVENTORY
EXCELLENCY
OF
LORD
THE
THE 24TH OF OCTOR
Cash
found
in
house
the
PERSONAL
BOTETOURT
ESTATE
BEGAN
TO
OF
BE
HIS
TAKEN
1770.
57: 2: 1%
1
2
mahogr wine cooler
1 mahogr library table contains papers public
In the
2 Leather
front
private
parlour
1 mahogr Desk, contains sundry papers private
public, one embroidd pocket book a
miniature drawing, 1 Diamd mourns ring
a pair of Gold sieve buttons, pruning
knife & a steel pencil.
Smoking Chairs
Mahogony
2 Card Tables,
1
Walnut Writs Table
1
Couch
Mahogony frame covered with checks
looking Glass
Fry Jefferson' s Map of Virga
Bowen' s&
Mitchell' Map of N. America.
2 small
1
s
1
pr
Tongs,
Shovel
Poker
Fender
and
white
1
black Ink stand
1
Chelsea China figures. 2 Venitian blinds
Shovel,
pair Tongs
broom.
In the Closet
Chelsea
1
old finear' d Beaureau
1
Mahogr Card Table
china
3 Venitian
1
large black Ink stand
1
1
small
I
Green
1
Venetian
1
Glass
Oval
East
Taper &
figures
Glass
blinds
india
fire
lock.
reads desk
1
large oyl
Cloth
at Mr
blind
In the Bowfat
2 large enamd China bowls
2
In the Hall&
red damask
Elbow
chairs
covered with
12
of the
10' large globe
less'
blue &
white do
2 pr English china Candlesticks
56 pieces ornamental china
below
Passage
checks
8 Chairs
hearth
Kids
stand
Lanthern
Mahr
lookg
1 small
d do
16 Medn Passes.
2
Fender &
Henry' s Map of Virga
1
wax
poker &
1 Mahog fire Screen
11
Japan'
stand.
taper &
13 wax portraits
hearth
Broom
11
wax
large
cut water
Glasses
12 small do
same
4 large cut glass tumblers
lamps
3 small do
Dining
2 leather smokg
12 mahr
1
large
chairs
mahr
1
smaller
1
walnut
1
mahogr
28 cut wine glasses
4 strong beer glasses
1 Hock glass
Room
chairs
hair bottoms
1
dins table
do
warmer&
3 pieces of English Sweet
Meats— part of a Box of Barbadoes Sweet
Meats— part of a Box rock Sugar— part
Box candid Lemon Peel, part of a Box of
writs table
plate
full round Box &
12 bottle
stands
English
5]
Sweet
Meats-
4 dozen
Oranges
�The Governor' s Palace
1
3
large mahogY
1
large round
12
1
mahogY
tables
1
with
6
branches
each &
gauze
the
King &
Queen
2
covers
Japan' d tea chests& canisters
4 japd sugr tongs
1 large blue & white Tea pot
2 red china tea pots
Stove
dutch
6 bleu &
12
Powder Room
1
Jack
copper
warms
japan
1
stone
1
small
4
japan
1
pan
2
do bread &
cream
3 do pt mugs
wicker
Fowling
1
7
do sugr basons
2
do butt'
29 do tea
30
basons
cups &
do coffee
2 oval mahogY
hoops7 1
1
1
Oak linnen press
Scollop' d claw tea table
o
do
14 do largedo
p2
1
Shovel
Fender poker tongs &
hearth brush & pair bellows
1
old oak
1
old umbrella
68 do soup plates
68
do shallow
1
do funnel
1 wooden
Waiters
1
small
wire
1
coppr
boiler, 2 large
2
japd
do
1 tin canister painted old
of Drawers
bird
do bowls
pickle stand
7 do small breakft plates
Trivet, 1 Hanger, Cheese toaster.
chest
hand Basons
3 do qt slop basons
boards brass
tea
64 saucers
cups
8 do wash
Room
middle
14 dishes
2 do lip' d cream pots
plate baskets
pieces
small hair Sieve
japanned
ladles
cream pails &
10 do fruit baskets&
bread baskets
Little
19
butt' plate
coffee pots
3 do
do
4 round large glasses for candles
A Parcel of old Glass Tho' s Perquisite)
1
stand
stand
2 do qt mugs
cage
wire
1 large &
1
with top &
jug
4 Staffordshe
candlesticks
Cistern with brass cock
4 Tin &
pot with top&
do
do tea
4 do tea pots
wooden
2
saucers
cups
1
Brass do
1
cups&
do sugr bason
1
block with Screw Stands
1
6 old
breakft
1 do slop bason
old pine table
2 Coppr coal scuttles
Wig
white
do small
6 do Coffee
1
1
Sieves
2
Room
Supper
Boot
stand
squeeser &
3 toasting forks
gauze
2 Venetian blinds
1
lime
1 large butter scoop
of
paintings
1large
pots
3 Sugar hatchets
covers
2 large
do fix' d
3 chocolate pots with four mills
stove
lustres
do
2 Coppr coffee
do
hair bottoms
chairs
large dutch
3 glass
dining
walnut
hand do mill
1
Ball Room
lemmon strainer
2 wicker plate baskets
cage
tea
1
kettles
Iron cork screw
5 tin canisters plain
Plate baskets
1 wooden bowl
5 Maps
5 bottles arrack&
6 barbadoes
Spirit
Closet to the little Room
Pantry
1 Ticken couch,
3 dutch lead boilers with heaters
1
do
4 do
do
coffee
tea
pots &
kettle
lamps
white
6]
quilt&
Mattrass
boulster
red check covering
3
blankets
�The Governor' s Palace
1
Library
with
table
a
Plate, in the Pantry.
Stool
stand
1 Wash hand bason, bottle&
1 Mahogy
1
27
1 small blk walnut Table
Beaureau.
60 Plates
Chest of tools
1 small
1 Turin & Ladle
horse for linnen
drying
8 Buttr
1 small washing tub. 1 Fender, poker tongs and
shovel. 1 toasts fork, 1 hearth brush.
1
wire
1
1
tea board
1
Large waiter
6 small hand do
6 Large Salts &
brush
1 Chamber pot
2 Half pint cans
1 large Lamp
fire&
the
cloath'
s
Pantry
continued
Closet
1
pots of pickles
Vials of colour' d sugars
small
do
4 carving Spoons
3 Soup Spoons
contains
a
variety
in
of Instruments
of Medicines,
2 Cruets
with 3 Casters&
1 Stand
a case
Spoons
6 small Salts &
Vials of Capilare
Physic closet
Shovels
1 Wash bason
Broken
4%
Large
14 prints. 1 iron chest in closet next
2 braces of pocket pistols
2 Maps.
1
with balance weight
cage
Bread basket
4 Salvers
small coppr tea kettle
bird
boats
1
2 Glass trays of Mahogy
4 Meat&
Dishes.
3Casters
Large
Surgery
16 Candlesticks.
1 flat Candlestick
2 pair of Apothecaries scales.
2 Wire & 2 wooden cages
2 Taper
1 Shays
8 French plate Candlesticks
3 do
Soop Ladles
1
small
40 bottles of Rum,&
4 do
a
jug.
jug
1
Silver
2 of Virga Cyder.
Lemon
1 do
writing stand Bell& 2 Casters
Branches with 4 Nozzles
2 do
do
with
2 do
2 do
do
with
1 do
5 doz
candles.
3 spermaciti do 7 large
10 large night lamps
wax
dipp' d
2 Nozzles &
do
6 Gold
do
18
wax
1
3 doz.
us'
31
tapers
1
strong black
d
black
knife box
walnut
handle
handle
knives &
knives &
35
forks
forks little
pretty much
12
d
japann'
1 small dutch
2
Card counters
55 forks with 3 prongs
2 black Shagreen Cases containg each
35 forks
Mugs&
3 large
japann'
japann'
Wine strainer
Tea spoons
2 pr Sugr tongs
2 Cream pots
handle carving knives& forks&
do white china handle,
3 Staffordshire
13
Labells
54 large Knives&
34 buck handle knives&
1
bottle
Skewers
30
worn.
5 Green
cups
Silver
8
5 do &
wax
pans
3 do punch Ladles
5 do of small do
4 Mahogy&
Strainer
2 do
6 doz. Mould tallow
7
fish Slice
1 do
c
pins&
7 Setts of card
do&
Vinegar
part of
in library table draw
counters
in 3 damask silk bags.
Thread
1
and
Lamp,
24 of Madeira.
Burgundy.
7 do&
funnel.
tin
part of a jug of
of sweet Oil.
1 Pan.
3 Pr Snuffers with 1 Stand&
case of 6 Rasors
pot, Bason&
1 Stone.
1 Water jug.
1 Lanthern.
candlesticks
d
wine
large
large
Bason
Knives &
table
1
doz.
containing 1 doz Knives &
with China Handles.
1 small
Shagrine
Silver
waiters
Cisterns
1
forks &
doz
Spoons.
1 Case
1 half pint mug.
oven.
d hand
1 Lignumvitm
Jacks
1 Doz
Case
handled
conts
Knives;
1
1 doz Forks
doz
1 doz
Desert
Silver
Gilt
Forks
one doz Spoons
stand with 4 Casters
1 do
2 small Cedar tubs. Omitd
conts
1
Forks &
7]
doz
Silver
handled
1 doz Spoons.
desert
Knives
�The Governor' s Palace
do contg
1
Passage up Stairs
Silver handled desert Knives—
eleven
1 Doz large
with Lady
Spoons
table
Hereford'
s
6 large globe glass Lamps
Arms
1/
2
1
doz large table Spoons engraved with
a
12
Spider table
MahogY
hair bottom
chairs
Unicorn
1
Sheffield
ware tea Kitchen
2 pr ornamental steel Snuffers &
1 do steel spring Snuffers
3 do common
1
Library
stands.
1 Shovel, tongs, poker fender, hearth broom
Map of N. & S. America.
20 Prints
large mettal oval dish.
1
Glass in
Pantry
carpet
which cover them
1 Japann' d ink stand, 1 green wax taper with
japann' d stand.
do
long beer glasses
6 flower' d small ones.
4
Closet of the Passage up stairs
12 doz packs playing Cards.
30 packs of Message Cards
11 Buckling Combs 5 tooth brushes.
a parcel of tooth picks 6 Tobacco
3 large cut beer glasses
28 do plain do
6 flowered wine glass&
13 Hock glasses
1 large tumbler&
10 small ones
19 Doz&
3 Canns
6 double
3 doz. long wax candles.
5 do&
2 middling wax tapers.
6 do large wax lusters
4 glass cruets 2 small flowered do
40 cut wash hand glasses&
47 Saucers
8 ground
pr nut
14 do smaller size do
A parcel of broken wax candles
11 bunches of green wax tapers
stoppers
1 iron cork
crackers
pipes.
5 Short wax tapers contain' d in 9
papers.
flint cut Salts
35 plain wine Glasses
30 flowered do
3
Wilton
Books as Pr Catalogue with the 2 Curtains
5 cut glass wine decanters
16 plain qut do
12 quart water do
4 pint
blue venetian blind.
1
screw.
14 do white do
24 lb of chocolate.
Memorandum
A Canister of about 4/ 2 lb of Hyson Tea
Mr Treasurer recd in
His
1
Lordship'
s
2 large &
charge
watch Seal &
Key
Diad Hat button
2 Gold &
1
steel
Chamber over the Dining Room
seals.
1
Diamd ring for Lady Winne
2 pr of gold buttons.
1
a
a
a
a
s
picture in Minature
Diamd stock buckle
1
1
contg
a
pr of
stone
Shoe &
Knee buckles.
1
1
valens bed,
night
chairs with check' d Cushions
pr cut Steel Shoe Buckles; 2 pr plain Shoe &
knee Buckles2 morocco Pocket Books
1 MahogY Desk, empty.
1 painted chimney board.
1 Iron Grate, Shovel, tongs poker, fender&
Ivory
s
Instruments,
2 Snuff Boxes
in
a
pick Case
small Mahogony
some of his Lordshp' s wearing
apparel.
Box, 1 tooth
Sundries packt
gold
laced.
5 small Swords. &
small
2 blan-
table.
do of paste Shoe buckles
do of 8 chaced Spoons&
sugr tongs.
3 Cases Surveyor'
1
curtains &
1 MahogY cloaths press.
A green hammer cloth laced with gold
A pr of Pistols with furniture housing
Shagreen
case
MahogY
8 Green bamboo
Knee buckles
pr of Stone Shoe&
Silver stock buckle ( Marshman has it)
red leather
Oak bedstd with Chints
bolster a pr of pillows 2 Matrasses
kets& white quilt 1 bed carpet
Lady'
1
1 small canister
hearth broom.
Case—
2 pr green stuf
83
window
Curtains&
rods
�The Governor' s Palace
1
Japann' d Ink stand, white
Mahog dressg table.
1 large
stand.
taper&
Walnut
chest
of draws
contains
his
Lodp' s Linnen, Gloves, Stocks& c
1 old
3
Seal[
s]
kin
of
cases
surveyor' s
Instruments &
c.
1 Shagreen case contains 8 chas' d Silver tea
In the Closet
small
1
Mahog.
frame
buckles 1 red leather case a pr of stone shoe
with leaves.
table
Mahog.
Wash bason&
knee buckles.
Stand compleat
Mahog.
tains &
Suit of
bed,
valens,
4 Green Bamboo
1 Cloaths
1
front
a
with
Virga cloth
white
Parlour
the
over
bedstd
3
white
bolster,
Cur-
callico
knee
with check
Grate,
board,
Chimney
fender&
cushions
Mahog.
d ink stand.
Japann'
tongs
I
6 Sets of moumg
poker
taper&
5
stand.
Mourns
Stock
buckles
3 steel breeches
1
Glass
Chimney
gilt
carv'
d frame &
1 Desk&
boxes
buckles
toothpick
case.
some stockings&
two
8 yellow bottom chairs &
Grate, fender, Shovel,
stools
caps.
of walnut.
poker, tongs&
curtains
hearth
broom.
with glass doors empty.
presses with apparel, 2 Snuff
1 small ivory box & the Seal of the
book
2 Mahogy
handsome
1 small chest of draws
4
Gilded brackets
3 Suits of Window
1 pr
1 silver stock buckle
Middle Room
1 Large
knee buckles
shoe&
cut steel Shoe Buckles. pr of old do
stand compleat.
white
buckle
5 pr of sleeve buttons, mourns
2 pr of gild' d buckles.
3 gilded stock buckles.
2 Sets of New steel Shoe & Knee buckles.
hearth broom
1 Wash Bason with
1
Shovel,
diad Hatt
1 pr of gold buttons.
1 small walnut table
1
1
buttons.
carpet.
press Mahogy
of draws
chest
Mahog.
buckles
2 gold Seals 1 Steel do
Gold loops& 3 gold hat buttons
5 parcels of silver livery hat lace with loops &
pr of pillos &
counterpane,&
chairs
Asses Skin Poc-
1 Deal box 1 diamd stock buckle 1 pr of stone
shoe &
Chamber
2 Morrocco
ket books of Memorandums
large deal toilet table.
1 Oak
1 pr of tongs. 1 do a pair of paste
spoons &
small looks Glass
case
Japan ink stand& taper
1 Mohr dress table.
1
cloaths
with stand.
Colony.
8 Crimson
1 small
damask
arm
1 large easy
1 do
with red check
chairs
covers
In the Store
do
10 Loaves
arm
chair
22
Table.
Mahog.
Mahog.
do double.
Coffee 22%2 wt India do
fender, shovel, tongs
6 lb Cannister
poker and hearth brush.
a
1
Lordship'
Mahog.
2 blankets
1 large Chest;
Cane
Walking
1
white
1 old Leather
green
cotten
furniture &
1
1 old
traveling
Box-
bed
carpet
1
Mahog.
night
chamber
1
Wash
with
close
stool
Mahog.
stand
compleat
with
Boxes &
a leather plate
Trunk with Papers said to belong
Trunk.
1
small
1 old traveling Leather Trunk—
6 empty deal Boxes.
26 pr plain Negroes Shoes.
pan &
pot
bason &
dressing
table
3 plate
to the late Govr Fauquier.
Store Room
Chintz &
Sorts of Spices
a Box of Tar.
Case
1 Bolster 2 pillows
Bedstead in 3d
quilt &
2 Matrasses,
Bedstd
Case of different
a Box of Corks.
Bed Chamber
Gold Watch, and
of do
4 Jars of Raisins.
a broken
s
1st
Sugar.
3/ of a Chest of Congo Tea. 21% 2 lb Turkey
4
stand compleat
1 Chimy board. Grate,
His
Rooms.
refined
27 do single-
2 small do end do
1 Wash Bason
treble
a
Glass.
32 hair Sifters of different
9]
Sorts
empty
deal
�The Governor' s Palace
11
gauze do-5 tin Funnels.
Cloth &
a remnant of Livery
17 yds light colld do
9 yds do for great Coats- 251/ yds do
4
211/ yds
4
1 Muffin
1 Wine Crane-
Toaster-
3
1
Fork
toasts
Strainers
Egg
2 large&
4 small Graters-
3
1 doz table Pewter Spoons
Soup&
3 butter Scoups-
7 paint
6 small&
10 large
4 tin fish
strainers-
Pans-
sauce
1
161/ do 7 yds deep green Cloth
4
8 yds light cold do- 20%z yds blue plains
81/ green do- 2 ps & 183/ 4 yds Russia
4
Brushes
Spoons
wooden
5
rolling Pin
wooden
Iron
32 balls
Bale
tin' d
Ladles-
Pack thread-
2
tin
Cans-
Covers
tin
25
2 tin pepper Boxes-
4
of Morellsdo
1
of
do
Snake
mustard-
6 lb do in Shells—
lb
2
in
Bees
3
do-
iron
hair
dust
dust
Root-
3
Powder
Cannisters
Machins-
28
lb
Pans-
1
powder' d
2 coal
brushes— two
do &
Bottle
11
Mops.-
Thread-
2 doz thread
brown
wth Chagrine
Linen
waist
coat
bags— a dble
Cases-
Pencils-
1
Hone&
2 dble Pen
6 wooden
Case of Raisors&
Oyster Knives-
16
3
Pencils
e
1 Raisor
Strap
1
brown
Paper— a Parcel of Shells—
2 Bow &
12 Arrows—
Powder-
Stones-
2 cloaths Brushes10
Bunches
18 empty Knife& Raisor Sheaths7 quire Cartridge &
a Ream of common
Lemon Strainers-
7 hearth
12
Laces—
2 Steel
a chagrine
whisks—
Brushes-
Sorts
ket Knives
hair Powder—
2 do
of different
body Girth- 1 horn handled carving Knife
2 forks- 5 pr spring steel Snuffers- 3 poc-
Knives-
brooms.
of Silk-
16 papers of thread &
Buttons2 small
13 plate Brushes
3 quart Bottles Wine—
2 pints strong waters not full, 1 small Cruet
3 phials
wooden
a Ball
2 pt Scissars
common
cain
of
a piece of Pins—
37 hks Mohair
1 doz thread
5 Carpet Brooms—
6 doz
3
worstead &
7 Bunches of Cruels
Box—
26 lb
wax-
27 lb best do3 Hearth
difft Sorts-
Soap
another
of
1 paper&
19 pieces of white Tape-
large Paper of Sarsaparilla
a
2 Boxes Bristol
Soap
2
Parcels
4
2 ps green ferriting- 6 cut pieces of Ribband of
32 hks &
paper green Grass—
broken paper of ston blueblue- 6 lb sweet Almonds
1
Gensing
do-
Metal Buttons-
tin
do Truffles—
1
1
2'/
pt Yarn
broken paper pearl Barley2 do white mackaroons2 do yellow do- 1 broken paper Bag
20 Cakes
1
23 pt worstead do
Japan
flour
Drab-
3 ps blue
11 Men' s Castor Hats- 23 pr coarse thread Hose
Candle Sticks—
50 lb of Starch- 3 tin Cullendars—
1
d contg 3 ps green &
unopen'
plains—
2 plate
Baskets—
20 large Lamps with Irons&
3 black
crimson
Lace-
a
of bitter
Pott
almond
1
4 old Cartouch Boxes
2 Bayonets-
1 brass Fenderhogony Box-
1 very small ma-
6 shoe Brushes-
robing brush Clampsbrushes—
dry
8 flat clamp
2d Store Room—
33
large Beer Glasses.
8 Cruetts-
s Holland- 3 ps Sheetingf
6 qt Water Decanters- 2 pint do-
1 p
113/ yds coarse Irish Linen—
17 yds do 12 yds do- 13% 2 yds Huccoback
10 Yds holland
2 Yds worstead
Sheeting-
1 qut&
45 wine
gauze—
81/
4
ps
do
remnants
crimson
183/4 yds do-
of
white
Shalloon-
8%2 yds
Snuffers &
Extinguishers
common
printed
Snuffers-
3 green taper Candlesticks— one broke14 copper paste moulds1 plate Basket
Cotton
6
wooden
Flannel.
Moulds-
2 Tea kettles
1 ps br. Fustian
crimson
29 wash hand
9 Japan' d Candle Extinguishers- 6 pt
Handkerchiefs—
51/ 2 yds
yds brown Holland1 Woman' s Cotton Gown
5 small
1
green Candlesticks
4
do-
4 glass Covers- 28 Japan' d tea boards &
waiters- 2 Japan' d Cheese Trays- 2 flat
brigs
7 Checkt
28 Hock
glasses wth 21 Saucers- 2 large glass Shades
1 ps Morees1 ps fine Damask Napkining
21 damask breakfast Cloths2 ps Ozna37 yds Oznabrigs76 yds & %
4 ps checkt Handkerchiefs—
1 pt wine DecanterGlasses-
3 Dutch
Shag.
11
10]
tin
metal
1 Dutch Metal Tea Kitchen
1 copper
Coffee
Boiler
Pots-
Night Candlesticks&
1 tinder Box
1
�The Governor' s Palace
1 tin Still-
12 pewter Water Plates
12 blue &
white
China
pewter platesTea Cups &
12 Saucers6 do Coffee Cups
1st
3 doz
2d 2
1 do milk pot- 2 Slop Basons &
1 Sugar
10 white do coffee Cups&
10 Saucers
Pales &
cream
Sugar
Dish-
Staffordshire
2
Ladleswhite
1
Tea
stone
Parcel of Maps&
Prints-
green Damask Curtains— Oznabrigs intended to paste the Paper on in the Supper
3d 2 Venitian Suits of Gauze Curtains-
Bason &
Slop
a
Room.
Dish2
Chest cont8
Covers for the Smoaking
of Silk&
nant
pots—
4 Chex
Chairs— a Rem-
1 do blue worstead Line—
4th 4 Remnants of Carpiting-
Ware
7 Coffee Pots- 3 Tea pots- 3 Sugar Basons
9 butter Basons39 soup
133
plates- 36
1 wash Bason&
15
3
12 Tea Cups&
Plates-
stone
close
15
Garrett Room over his Lordship' s bed
breakfast
Chamber
do 2 flower Pots—
smaller
1 Bowl-
17
6 round do-
lip Jugs-
24 Saucers
do-
shallow
2 Mahogany
Bottles
water
6 Lamps—
100 feet Bird Cage do
red
Che[ x]
2 Mattrasses
1 Pillow-
1 Oak Chest of Draws
red Table;
Bottle-
Lattice-
wth
Beds-
2 Quilts1 old
fly
Bedsteads
2 feather
3 Bolsters
stool Pans—
3d Store Room
100 feet
field
Curtains-
3 BlanketsWash
Bason—[
1 small MahogY
illeg] Stand &
illeg]
sta—[
1 Fender— Donn' s map of Bri[stol]
1 Chimney Board belonging to the dining Room
1
Canvass
1
Portmantua-
gr[ torn]
Coat
in a Closet
bag- 2 Curtain Rods- 4 Window Blinds4 Leather
2
Portmantuas-
Leather
Frames—
of
Bristol-
1
pr Saddle Bags
Curtain
Box
Bermuda
Coral-
for Stools
in the Ball
Supper Room Carpet— Dining Room do
bordering inDonn' s Map
Room.
Cushions
Room-
wooden
of Gilt
supper
the
1
3
Box
long
a
for
tended
Straps-
8 long green
Front
Parlour
do
Middle
Room
on
second
floor do- 4 Remnants of old Matting—
1
large Sand bag for supper Room—
Chinese Temple set with Shell[ torn] part of
a bag of black Lead— an old Box with a
little
3
branches
Blue-
brass Branches
Bunch
Lustre
to the
doz brass
Prussian
1
Room over the Study
in it- 3 Kegs with small
whiting
of Colours2 spare Branches & c
Quantities
belonging
2/
2
1
unopen'
d
small
Paper
1 red &
of
Pullies-
a
6
curtain
Rings &
parcel
white
flower' d
Quilt-
1 suit blue
2 old wire Bird
Cages2 Bunches
of small—
a
1 old red Table
white Linen Curtains-
for Globe Lamps
brass large
19 old Prints-
1 Bedstead; Mattrass, bolster 2 Blankets
in the Ball Room—
doz
old oak Desk-
a
paper white Studds
of Nails with brass Heads &
Garrett
small
[
Room
over Front Parlour
No entries here.]
Tacks— a parcel of white Tacks— an empty
deal Box-
3
Waiters
Mahogony
Cellars
in the Passage
4th Store Room—
60 flint
glass
Remnants
Bottles
for
of Rush
preserving
Insects-
2
1
Matting
Chests &
2
Trunks-
a
4
wooden
dining
of Cranberries
Molasses
Beer
small
beer Cellar
1 empty Carboy; 7 Iron Hoops2 Bushel Cask of Split Pease
Closet
per Room-
Room-
6 do small
Bird
3 blue Moreen Window Curtains belonging to
the
strong &
2 empty Hhds- 2 powdering Tubbs
Cagesin
Barrel
1 Hogshead
In the Passage up Stairs
4 large
6 Casks
Beers— unopen' d
1 blue baise
do for
the Passage
Sup-
4 pr Blankets—
No entries here.]
11]
1 empty cask—
�The Governor' s Palace
Rum
Cellar
1 Hhd Rum &
1
pans-
Cydar Cellar
1/ 3. 2 brass Cocks. 2
abt
1 Barrel peach Brandy- 1 Brass Cocke in an
earthen
old Cask-
stooper—
5 Bottles
3 doz &
english
Cyder
2 qr. & half Virga Cyder
Stone Cellar
abt
11
doz
english
Hatwell
moist
Meats.—
sweet
frost-
glass &
a
3
4
water.
Meats-
sweet
box &
entire &
Strong beer Cellar
doz
gallipots
potts Virga
2
3 doz 9 Bottles
damaged
1 Hhd of Rum;
paper of twisted
5 broken Potts of
abt half a Hhd of Spirits
24 doz&
Ale—
8 Bottles of strong Beer
sweet meats— part of a pot of pickled man1
goes.
4
whole&
1 broken
pot of Tamarin
Madeira &
pots of Walnuts. 2 full Jars of Currants
3 full Boxes of Sperma Cacti Candles—
entire
11 Bottles of Capers2 do anniseed
1 Whole
Water
Box mould
6 Pipes
small
3 do Olives
Candles
Store
Wine-
Part of a Hogshead
of Molasses
a Case wth about forty Pound of Hops
1 do english Ginn
tallow
Cheese
of Madeira
2 dble
1 pr of do
Gloster
Cheeses-
Box of Corks&
37 single do a small
Bottle Stopper
1 pr dipt do a Parcel of old Boxes
The Out- Houses
Cooks
Cellar
Harness for a pair of Horses
1 State Coach,&
1 Post Chaise, with Harness compleat for four
Horses &
a Leather Trunk in the Store
Bottles
3 Bottles
dble distill
gooseberries;
Vinegar- 1/ 3 of a Cask Currants2/ 3 of
Room
Cask brown Sugar— half Cask Rice—
I Post Coach with Harness compleat
3 parts of three Pots Lard—
Horses &
Boxes (
draw
two
in
for Six
the
Store
Room)
Binn Cellar
No
1.
1 Green park Chair
contains
1
17 doz &
4 bottles
8/
2
7/
2
doz: —
3.
37 doz &
4. 9 doz&
37/
New Waggon &
1
plough, & 1 pair of Harrows, & 1
Bush Frame, and 1 plough paddle
Grey Coach Horses,& 1 Mare
Grey Saddle Horses, & 1 Mare, & 1 Bay Filly
Mr Fauquier
doz d°
2.
Setter and Grease
1
old Hock— Ben. Hinton
with Leather
Horses
Madeira—
7 Madeira—
3 Bottles English small Beer
5
6.
4 Cows,
7.
9 doz&
2 Barrow pigs,&
8. 27 doz&
9.
2
2
4 Bottles of Porter
18/
11.
12 doz&
2
1 Boar at the Attorneys
37 Head of Sheep
2 Bottles
19 Weathers
Burgandy
1 Stack of Hay
doz red Port—
1 Large Wheel
2 Bottles Madeira.
23
Bushels
Barrow
of Indian
Corn
47/ 2 Bushels of Oats
In the Vault
6 doz &
23
Bushels
of English
2 doz 1 Bottle
white
Wine—
Negroes
Hannah
4 doz malmsay Madeira— Mr Fauquier
doz peach Brandy- 2 Bottles Honey
Doll
6 Bottles old Claret-
3 Bottles Champaine
Dan
14 Bottles old Spirits-
6 Bottles fine Arrack
Sally & her Child Billy
11
11
Bottles
Wheat
8 Bottles of Claret-
16 Bottles Arrack—
french
Brandy-
3 doz &
Matt Piper
4 Bottles old
Cesar
Phillis
Spirits
12]
Iron Traces
1 Bull, 5 Stears, and 3 Calves
5 Bottles Claret—
11 doz&
10.
Collars &
1
Roller,
doz. strong beer very fine
14 Bottles old Madeira.
5.
Box
a Cart, with Harness for Six
�1
The Governor' s Palace
Poultry
14%2 Sheets
in ye Stable)
1 Field Mahogany
18 Geese
9 Ducks
Bolster,
Garden
2
Knifes, 2 Asparagus
Knifes
5 Spades,
5 Rakes, 4 Large
Howes
Drawing
3 Small Howes, 3 Dutch Howes, 1 Tarping
Spade,
1
Knife,
Edging
1
Fork
Dung
Groom'
1 Small Gravel Rake, 1 Dock Iron
2 Scythes,
22 Large
Bell
Glasses,
Small Bell
1
Axe,
1
Small
Wedges,
Howe,
Broad
4 Short
a
Logger,
2 Mauls
1
parcel
1
Waggon
Rope,
Bill,
7
1
1 Cross
1
Saw,
4
Ladder,
Casks
with
a
Room &
s
Closet Adjoyning
Bedstead,
1
new
plain
Saddles,
1
Do
Snaffle
Coachman'
Room &
s
Cut-
2 Do
cased
Bit,
Sheets,
bers,
Adjoyning
Brushes,
Saddle
6 Horse Brushes,
3 Oyl Brushes,
1
4
3 White
Cloaths,
Rub-
1 Green Cover
Currey
Portmanteau
Combs,
Mains,
2
Collers
new,
pr
Reins,
1 Card&
of
5 New
Horse
Nets,
Saddle
1 New
Cloaths,
Cases,
Spunge
6 Do used,
3 New Sur-
2 New Mail pillions and Straps, 2 New Horse
Collars,
Old Horse Collars,
6 New Rack
Reins, 6 New Hempen Halters, 1 pr New
2 Horse
Muz-
Stirrup
Lea-
3 Black
Hobbles,
5 New Cruppers,
Girts, 6 pr New Double Do
Trunk
4 Black Straps, 3 Hempen
thers,
4
Worn,
tingles, 3 Old Saddle pannels,
In Large Deal Case
Rack
almost New,
4 New Saddle pan-
3 Old Do 2 pr Old Girts, 15 pr New Single
8 Horse Nets, Oyl Cloath Cover to Trunk
17
6 Horse Sheets
Leathers, 1 pr Do used
2 Watering Bridles
1 New Running Martingale,
Spunges
2 pr of Stirrup Irons, 2 Spunges,
for the post Coach
zles,
Bridle
Reins to Furniture Bridles, 7 pr new Stirrup
2 Inside
5 Water Brushes,
Brass Brush, 5 Main Combs&
2 Oyl Cloath
a little
ture
1 Hard Brush,
In Post Coach
Furniture
1 New Breast plate to a Saddle, 3 New Heads&
6 Fillet Cloaths,
6 Rollers,
1
Red Saddle Cloath with white Binding, 1
White Do with Green Binding, 3 Old Furni-
In Deal Case
6 Horse
New
nels, 4 New Rollers,
Barrows,
Turkey Coop—
Closet
1
with Gold Bosses and Blue Badson, 4 New
White Rubbers,
1
Saddle
Bit,
Do with
4 New Fillet Cloaths,
of Old Lumber
1
Bosses, and polished Bit, 1 Do almost New
with cased
Clover &
Hay
with
Cloath,
Saddle &
Rhye Grass Seeds, 2 Calf Muzzles, 1 Thistle
parcel
2 Mattrasses,
with polished Bits, 1 New Do with Gold
Knife,
25
Stitched
paddle, 1 plank of Cherry Tree, 1
ting Knife, 7 paddlocks, 6 Wheel
a
1 Walnut
Livery Saddle with Furniture, 2 Old Livery
Saddles with Furniture, 1 Old plain Saddle,
6 New Snaffle Bridles, 2 New pelham Bit Bridles,
Cut Sawe,
Drawing
with Red
Stool,
Cloaths,
1
Faggot
with
14 Round
a
Axes,
Iron Hoops,
1
3 Silver
Sledge,
pitching Fork, 3 Scythes,
of Wooden Rakes, 1 Line,
Hand
2 Augures,
Do
8 Spades,
Forks,
6 Mawls,
1
1 Close
Grubbing Hoe, 1 Small
Maddocks
pick Axes, 2 Felling
Quilt
1 Old Red and White Flowered Quilt, with
Red Check Curtains, 2 Old pine Tables,
2 Chamber pots,
Park Implements
1
1
Bolster, 3 Blankets,
Glass, 21 Dozen of Earthen Flower pots
1 Cap Glass
Broad
2 Mattrasses,
1 Old Oak Table,
1 Field Mahogany
1 Wire Sieve,
4 Madocks,
Bedstead,
Writing Desk, 4 Old Green Bottom Chairs,
1 Swing Looking Glass, 2 Iron Dogs, with Brass
Nobs, 1 poker, 1 pr Tongs, 1 Hair Broom,
1 Boot Jack-
4 Wheel Barrows, 4 pr Garden Shears, 1 Saw
Watering pots, 1 Small Hatchet, 3 Baskets
1
2 Coach
3 Blankets
Check Curtains,
4
Iron
paper,
1 Red and White Flowered
Implements
Weeding
4
of Scowring
Horse Whips, 1 Phaeton Do ( 2 Corn Sieves
20 Turkeys
1
12
Stirrup Irons and Leathers, 1 New Crupper,
2 New powder Flasks, 1 pr Holsters almost
Halters,
new, 3 New thin Skins, 1 New Furniture
for ye Horses
Girt, 6 Horse
Coller
pad, 12 Brass Saddle Buttons and Staples,
1 New Currey Comb, 1 pr of polished Stir-
Reins,
nip Irons, 3 pr Silver Mounted
13]
Horse pis-
�The Governor' s Palace
4 New
tols,
1
Horse
1 New Furniture
Joggs,
about
1/ 3
of
Firkin
of
Butter,
2
Neat' s
Tongues,
Whip
Boot Jack (
1 Half Bushel,
Cask in
1 Iron Sieve, 1 Old
1 Cake of Tallow, part of a Carboy of Vinaigre,
6 Ropes of Onions.
A parcel of broken
Granary)
Staffe ware.
1 large wooden Tray. 5 empty Cags
Laundry
5 Flat Irons, 2 Box Irons, with one Heater to
Smoke House.
each,
2 Iron
1 pr of Tongs,
Stands,
1 Large
Boyling
Barrel&
2 Tubs of soft soap
133 pieces of Bacon. 4 large powdering tubs
a
Copper,
1 Long Stool, 2 pine Tables, 1 Linnen Horse, 1
Mangle,
1 Large
Iron
pot,
1
Brass
Skillet,
In the Cole house is about 1000 Bushels of Sea
2 Linnen
Coal by conjecture-
Baskets,
3 Washing Tubs, 2 pails, 1 piggin, 4 Mangle
In the
Cloaths,
2
Cloaths,
Ironing
1
Wooden
Funnel,
1
Hair
a
Salt
house
is 6 whole
Sacks
of Salt &
9 pieces of Tubs pots &
piece.
Kitchen
Stuff. an empty fish Barrel.
Sieve,
3 Rensing Tubs ( 1/ 3 part of a Barrel of Lamp
Oyl,
small
a
Tar in ye Cellar
Quantity of
Laundry)
Charcoal
to the
adjoyning
house
about
1 Wooden
40 bushes to appearance
bushel
Mease
and some
lum-
roaster.
Iron
ber
Daisy
5 Tin pans, 5 Earthen
pans, 1 Small
Cherm,
1
Scullery
pail
1
1
2 Washg tubs. 6 water pails
3 Iron pots. 1 pr Iron Dogs.
1 pr of Iron spit racks
piggin, 1 Small Brass Kettle, 1 Tin Do
Large Double Turkey Coop—
6 Spits.
Small Room adjoyning to
1 Old Mattrass,
Poultry
Gardiner'
Bolster,
White
Feather
Flower' d
Bed,
Blankets,
3
pillow,
1
Quilt,
with
Mattrass,
Red
Green
1
and
1
Old
Red Do
and
2
Iron
Dogs,
s
for candle
old
Chair.
wooden
1
Skimer&
1 flesh fork.
Tripe,
chair.
1
Whole
Kitt
Do
1
Lard,
Jar
of
Virginia
Lemmon,
1 piece of
Jar
1 large Fire Screen.
1 Marble Mortar.
5 Stone jarrs empty.
Mangoes,
half bushel
2 Iron
of Sal-
meat
1 large Glass Lanthern
hand basket.
cleavers.
21
Pewter
Dishes &
15
plates. 1 pewter fish Strainer.
12 White stone Scollop&
5 Tea Canisters
2 round coffee canisters. 1 parcel of Hartshorn
Shavgs&
1 do Ising Glass.
mon,
of Candid
old
2 Gridirons
old wooden
1
pickled
1
1 poker& Tongs.
large boils coppr 1 Box iron& a heater.
1
Larder
of
picks pot.
1
1 poker- 2 Old pine Tables,
Waiters, 2 Black Cans
Out Houses belonging to the Kitchen
Jar
old
2 Iron Trivets.
1 blue Salt box.
1 piece
1
1 old plate rack. 1 Ax.
Jack& Appurtanences.
1 Dutch Oven. 1 Salamander. 1 pr Bellows
Iron Dogs,
2 Barrells
moulds.
1 large meat
Hall
Mahogany
1
1 chops
Kitchen
Fender,
and Shovel.—
Servant'
2 Old
2 Old
Stand
jelly stand.
White Cotton Curtains, 1 Old pine Table,
Tongs
1 Chesnut
1 old tin candle box.
2 Wooden Trays. 1 small stone jug
1 old sieve. 1 Iron Oven peel
Room
1 Small Field Bedstead,
Coffee &
board.
2 Old Blankets
1
s
1
frying pan.
House
1
1
piece of Hogs
of pickled Anchovies,
14]
�1
The Governor' s Palace
I
small &
large
1
Needles.
16 Earthen
Sieve.
1 Case
of
Lards
18
jelly& Silibub Glasses
39 plain square jelly do
87 Jelly& silibub do of different sorts
16 Tart pans glass. 8 flat sweet meat pans.
3 common sweet meat raids glass.
41 pieces of common desert glasses
50 cut
16 pewter ice Moulds
sweet meat
pots
2 pair steak tongs.
Kitchen
39 do of best cut— do
3 Wooden rolls pins 1 knife& fork.
1 Coffee mill fix' d. 4 doz. cop' Moulds.
3 pewter Ice
different
markers.
1 old 8
9 doz. &
moulds.
forms.
9 Tin moulds of
2
brushes.
paste
2 small iron stands
5
Linnen
paste
26 Pillow cases
clock.
26 pewter cande moulds
1 pr of 2 lb copp'—
scales&
1 old pewter dish.
weights.
1 small flower keg. 1 hand Dinner Bell. 1
day
2 pr very large fine Sheets
8 old hair Sieves.
candied
jarr
1 small
2 Tin
Gauze
17 p' lesser fine do
18% 2 p' Servants do
4 Damask long Dinner table cloths
stone
peel.
orange
do
a small quantity of Izing glass.
6 Doz. Napkins
Sieve.
to Do
4 Damask long table Cloths
cullenders.
3%2 doz Napkins to do
21
Copr Stew pans& 24 Covers.
4 do Soup pots & covers
4 long Diaper table cloths
1 do Alamode
5 doz. Napkins to do
pot &
1 do preserg pot & do
1 do small fish kettle &
do
1 Tin
ladles
morter
do Skimmer
to do
to do
2 doz Napkins
36 Breakfast
covers.
water
1
dishes
3
27
5
Damask
Huckaback
cut
glass
do oval
Rubbers
cream
basons
do&
Towels
dresser
cloths.
Cook' s Bed Chamber
1 Bolster&
covers &
2
1 Round
dishes
1
do
do
2 Matrasses 3 blankets 1 Quilt
pillow, Red check Curtains.
Mahogy
do Tea
Table
with leaves.
do
1 Green easy Chair with green covers&
1 Arm chair leather bottom.
4
Scollop plates.
3 do sweet meat glasses for
67 Orgeat glasses.
Round
1 Field bedstd
21 glass flower stands 4 green do
2 round
Towels
do
compleat
5 flat plates. 3 looks glass frames.
4 Scollopt plates
2
do
doz. fine diaper
2 Coarse
Salvers
pirimid& frame
do with 14 pails
5 doz odd Napkins
cloths
21/ 2 doz fine diaper tea Napkins
35
64 Brown
1 cut glass
1 plain
cloths&
12 Servants table cloths
pans.
Glass
Glass
to do
30 Dinner table
1 do soup horse
3 Funnels.
2 large pewter
3 cop' chafing dishises
21
to do
2 Damask table cloths
1 Iron bastg ladle
tin
tin meat
cloth
6 doz. Napkins
2 oval tin do
graters 4 tin maples bisket
large tin flat candlestick.
21
Middle
6 Fine damask table cloths
ventilator
4 large
large Damask table cloth
1 doz. Napkins
2 round cop' paste pans&
4 Iron bird Spits
Soup
to do
1
1
1 Bell mettle pestle &
2 chops knives
1
4 doz. Napkins
do fish Strainer.
3 do
Cloths to do
2 long Damask table cloths
cover
5 do Sauce pans &
1 do drippg pan.
1
4 Middle
cover
a change
6 Mahogy
Chairs Hair bottoms
1 Walnut Desk.
46 plain flint jelly& Silibub glasses
5 buttr dishes &
covers.
3 p' red check' d window Curtains.
15]
Cushion
�The Governor' s Palace
2 pokers 1 Fender, Tongs Shovel&
1 dust
pan. hangg trivet
1 Coppr Tea kettle
15 Prints.
hearth brush
cutt
2 Tea pots 3 Cups&
Saucers
2 bottles of Staffordshire
japann' d
7 Canisters.
6 Artificial
1
ware
The
Basket.
1
shoe &
Knee Buckles, one Pair of
Knee Buckles,
shoe &
one Handsome
In Dining Room
Canns.
1 Sieve.
steel
Tooth Pick Case,
1 Sugr dish&
2 black
of New steel
Public &
Private
Papers
and
other
Things
contain' d in the Library Table and Mahogany
Desk, to be put in the Most convenient of the
Two& be sent carefully to England the thirteen
flowers.
glass tumbler.
Wax Portraits, The East India Firelock,
Servant' s Hall
67
Staffords. round Dishes
64
do
oval
23
do
puddg
10
In Chamber over Dining Room
do
The Pistols with furniture&
do 1 Sallad
soup plates
shallow do
11
6 large&
4 Turins&
4
In Middle
In Store
5 Sauce boats
covers.
Cups.
Egg
Room
Two Snuff Boxes one Small Ivory Box
4 small breakfast plates
6 oval fish strainers
6 round&
five small Swords
Dish.
Room
One Piece of Fine Damask Napkining
All the Maps
Celler
All
14 Gross of empty bottles.
the
and all the Books
Plate
in
General. &
Knives
Forks
and
Spoons—
All the China
Garret
1
Field
over
the
bedstd
Parlour
front
feather
pillow 1 blanket
1 MahogY night table.
1
All the Table &
Matrass
bed,
red
Quilt
bolster
Three
Curts
checks
House
Linen
Pipes of Madeira
to
be fill' d &
Well Cas' d
None of the Staffordshire Ware to Come.
1 Mah. Desk.
1 pewter bed pan. 1 claw fire screen
1 small black walnut
1
table
A
Grate, fender poker tongs& Shovel
Wash hand bason& stand compleat
1
CATALOGUE
IN
1 old red japann' d table.
japann' d Ink Stand.
THE
OF
YE
BOOKS
LIBRARY
n° of
1
Volumes
3
THINGS
TO
BE SENT
TO
Clarendon' s History of the Rebellion
2
Postlethwayt' s Dictionary
2
ENGLAND
Johnson' s Dictionary
7
In
Lords Bed
My
Gold Watch
Three
one
seal
and
skin
Shagreen
Cases
Case
Tea Spoons and
one
of
surveyors
contg
Eight
Chas' d Silver
pair of Tongs,
one
Knee Buckles,
of
one
Case
Laws
one
Diamond
1
Stock
s
Ralegs History of the World
Virginia
1
Pamphlet Military Devotion
1
a
Memorandums,
Diamond
Virginia
Laws of Virginia
1
pair of Stone Shoe and
two Morrocco
Asses Skin Pocket
Byron' s Narrative—
Laws—
1
Pair of Stone Shoe&
Steel Seal,
Harduini
1
buckle
one
Miller's Gardener' s Dictionary
2
red Leather
Books
at Large
1
Pair of
Paste buckles
one
Plinius
2
Instruments
Anderson on Commerce
3
Cane
Walking
Statutes
2
chamber
Hatt
one
Buckle,
two
Pair of Gold
Gold
Buttons,
Seals,
two
Ode
1
Knee Buckles
Journal of H. Burgesses—
to Shakespear
one
1
Seat
setts
1
Map North America
16]
of the late War—
�The Governor' s Palace
I
Kerkead—
1
Ignorant
Philosopher—
A
of Pamphlets &
1
Atlas-
1
paste board
red Letter Case—
parcel
1
3
Books
Postlethayt' s System
1
in
Cordens
1
Pounal on the Colonies
4
Drawings
Essays on Husbandry
1
old Magazines—
of Prints &
Stiths His:
1
of Virginia
Sherlocks Sermons
His of Canada
8
1
Conquest
1
Jacobs
4
Bacon'
3
Works
s
5'
Acts of George
second
in the
begining
Popes Works
1
Dictionary
Leland' s
9
Lockes Works
Law
Oeuvres
2
of Mexico
de Voltaire
Camp Discipline
4
Smollet' s Continuation
Demosthenes-
Atterbury' s Sermons
15 yr of His Reign, ending the 30th
Coopers Dictionary
2
Douglass' s North America
2
European
2
Traps Virgil
1
1
Ansons
Voyage
1
Military Essay
Bailey' s Dictionary
1
Journal
of the House of Burgesses
1
Meiges Do
3
2.
4
Minutes
1
the
of the
Lord
from
1765
1
1
Universal
1
Map
6
Hanmers
L' Ami de Hommes
1
Discourse
6
Treatise
1
marine
Letter' s de Maintenon
6
of the
Dictionary
of Virginia
Tom Jones
9
to
Boyers
6
Jan'
1768
May
Settlements
Do Abridged
Telemaque
Sherlock' s 3rd Volume
Shakespeare
not his Lordship' s
of Trade
1
Carter' s Epictetus
6
Popes
5
Popes
3
L' Esprit
4
Smollets His. of England
6
Memoirs
9
Ciceronis
1
Belisaire
2
Adventures of Jos. Andrews 1 missing
1
only one
Spinkes Devotion
31 3
Illiad
2 Vols Goldsmith'
Odyssey.
History—
Robert'
Opera
His:
s
s
Roman
Oliveti
of Charles
3
missing
Blackstones
2
Humes
1
Observations
1
Prussian
1
Hainsworths
1st Vol.
Plays
1
5th
L' Esprit des Loix
6
the
Commentaries
2nd Do 1 &
3d
do lent out & not returnd
His:
of
de la Lique
de Maintenon
England— all
8
the
Swift' s Works
2
His:
6 S 0
9
missing—
E. R. do
on
on Ventilators
8
Statutes
of the 5 Indian
Select
Nations
Plays T & 1 T. 6
Do
2d Mr Stark
C
Oeuvres
de Moliere
1, 2, D°
4
Fool of Quality
2
Exercise
Antoninus' s Meditations
1
Milton' s Paradise
Court&
Dictionary
lost
City Register for 1768
1
Dictionare
do
1769&
1
Caesar Auden dorpii
Virginia Almanack
do
1
Boyers
Flora Virginica
1
Littleton
Dictionary
1770
do
26
4
de Boyer
Statutes
20
Universal
at
Large 24th do
Books doubtful to whom they belong
3 Books of Journals— sent to Mr Wythe Attorney
1 Flora Virginica— said to come from Mr Clay-
History
1
Bible &
1
Diseases of the
1
Stat. Will. & M. Coll.—
3d Vol of Rapins History-
1
Virga Laws abridg' d
3 Vol' s
1
Johnson' s Dictionary— do
Knox' s historical Journal.
2
1 Prayer Book
Army
ton-
Sherlock' s
Sermons
said
to
be
in
the
House when my Lord came—
1 Book of engross' d Letters— retd to the Office—
17]
�The Governor' s Palace
STANDING
FURNITURE
AT THE
In the Passage up Stairs
PALACE
3
1 glass Lanthorn
1 large looking Glass.
in the Front Parlour
34 Scripture
large Roman Catholick
Prints
Pictures
1 pr Steps in the Passage
Closet-
2 Shades in Frames
2 Brass Branches
7
Mahogony
1
Study
1 Looking Glass.
Iron Grate.
Chairs
Fry& Jefferson'
s
In the Hall &
Arms &
in
Map
the
1
Closet.—
step Ladder-
1
2 looking Glasses- 6 fine
2
2 outer Window
10
dining Room
1 pr brass Sconces.
Side Board wth Marble
stocker
Screens
Prints in Frames
in the Closet
Slab
Chamber over the front Parlour
1 looking Glass. 14 Prints
Mahogony
chairs
Middle Room
8 long stools
8
2 glass
one looking Glass wth painted Frame
In the Ball Room
19 Leather Bottom
Chamber over the Dining Room
looking Glass with black Frames &
Sconces
step Ladder
In the
1
Rod
Passage
Colours.
leather Buckets
1
check Curtain &
1 Writing Table
2 long looking Glasses with red gilded frames
Brackets.
1 large Glass on the Side of the Room with
6 brass Branches.
carved gilt frame
Glass Lustre with six Branches
Supper Room
2
long
walnut
dining
Tables
In his Lordship' s Chamber
16 Walnut Leather bottom chairs
One Chimney looking Glass
A Glass Lustre wth 12 Branches
a Shade—
a Stand of Shelves
In the Porch
2 large
deal Benches
in the 24 Store
Room
1 long Box with a Parcel of broken Sconces-
In the Powder Room
2 Dressers
3d [ store room]
In the little
Chimney &
a
Dresser &
middle
6 spring Blinds- 4 Billiard Tacks— parts of a
Room
Bedstead-
2 brass Sconces—
a Parcel
1 brass Sconce
of old Iron
Monumental Piece to Thos Fair-
fax
in Passage up Stairs
4 very old black Leather Chairs
an old Glass Lanthorn
1
pr Steps
Room over his Ldship' s Bed Chamber
1 looking Glass with Gilt Frame
In the
1
Gilt
Pantry
looking Glass
3 paintings
4
1
over
the
Stand
Door
Map of New England
Leather Bottom Mahogony
pr old Money Scales
of Shelves—
Cellar
Chairs.
Wooden Horses18]
1 Rope
�The Governor' s Palace
Garden
1 Scarlet Rateen Coat and Waistcoat full
12 leaden&
1
six stone
Stone— Tubbs &
Rolling
trimmed,
flower Potts
1
Tree &
orange
Scarlet
Gold Laced
Frock
2 Gold Laced Buff Waistcoats, 1 Pr Buff
Roller for the Tubbs—
Breeches
1 Camblet Sea Cloak, lined with Green Baize
Outhouse
1 Bed Gown and Night Cap
1 Handmill—
2 Pr of Flannel
Drawers,
1 Do Under Waistcoat,
2 Cotton Under Waistcoats, 5 Linnen D°
3 Pr Linnen
in the Wine Store
1
Step
Ladder&
3 Horses-
Drawers,
11 Pr of Cotton Do
old Chair
Arrived since the taking the foregoing
2 large Shelves—
Inventory,
1
Scarlet
Gold Laced Frock,
1 blue plain Do
WEARING
In Chamber
over
2 Blue Frocks, &
56 Ruffled Shirts, 6 plain Do
Lining
white
51 Cambrick Stocks, 2 Doz Suits of Laced Ruffles,
2 Waistcoats
1 Pr Mourning Ruffles, 37 Cambrick Handker-
2 Pr Leather Breeches, 5 Pr Black Silk Do
3 Pr Black Velvet Do 1 Pr of
1 Pr White
Velvet
Do
chiefs,
Cloth Do
white
White
1
Sattin
5 Sword- knots
Under
watered
silk Embroidered
Thickset Frock, 1 Brown
1 Fustian
Frock &
Doyley
Waistcoat,
Waistcoat
White
15 Pr of Wash Leather&
Silk
1 Old Brown,&
Waistcoats,
1 Black
1 Old Blue Great Coat
2 White
Gold
1 Blue
1
Old
Scarlet
26 Silk
Do, 2
Blue
Great
coats,
1
Silk
Cravet,
Handkerchiefs,
6 Pr of White
Cloak
9 Pr
1
18
a
Larger Pattern
1
23
Suit of
Mourning with Weepers
Mourning Frock and Waistcoat
Raven Grey Do— and Do
Full trimmed Suit of Crimson
Brown Rateen
Frock,
Do
1 Pr
Worsted
Do,
1 Pr Black
Worsted
Worsted
Gauze
Do,
10
Pr
Brown
Pr of Boot D0-
28 Pr White
Silk D°
Pr Black Silk Do 30 Pr White Cotton
Cambrick
2 Cravets,
2 Single
and Linnen Caps,
Do
Caps,
16 Flannel
Do
20 Pr Shoes worn, 8 Pr pumps Do
5 Pr Slippers, 4 Pr Boots Do, 2 Pr lased Spurs,
5 Wigs worn, 1 New Do, 2 Flesh Brushes,
Cloth
1 Whisk, 1 Cloaths Brush, 3 Wig Stands
1 Do of Scarlet, 1 Blue Cloth Coat full trimmed
1
Thread
3 Pr New Shoes, 1 Pr pumps Do
2 Full Suits of Black Cloth
1
White
4 Pr Leggings,
5 Black, and 1 White Hats
1
Do 6 Pr Brown
Thread [ Do]
laced with Silver,
1
6 Pr New Black Worsted
20 Pr plain White Worsted Do, 6 Pr Ribbed Do
Do of White Cloth, and White Silk Waistcoat,
1 Do of
Weepers,
Gauze [ Do]
Room
1 Compleat suit of pale Crimson Cut Velvet
1 Do wth Gold Buttons, deep coloured Do
1 Do Gold Tissue,
Pr Cambrick
White [ Do]
10 Pr of Black
In the Middle
11
Stockings
Scarlet
4 Green Bays Wrappers—
1
Doe Skin Gloves,
1 purple Sprig in a Cockle Shell
Do
Laced
Silk
case
1 Pr of Yellow Kidd D°, 1 Black Silk Stock,
Waistcoats
Cloth
Gilt
5 New and
Silk Cockades,
Do
3
1 Small
Yds of Cambrick,
1 Old pr of Kidd Gloves, 1 New Silk Wig
Bag, 2 Remnants of Black Crape, 6 Black
1 Crimson Silk Under Waistcoat
1
in Ban Boxes,
of Phyals, 3%
Waistcoat
1 White
Drawers,
His Lordship' s Bed Chamber
Room
Dining
1 Blue Cloth Frock wds
6 Pr of Cotton
APPAREL
I Scarlet Do Waistcoat,
Botetourt manuscripts,
19]
Virginia State Library.
�Raleigh Tavern
INVENTORY
AND APPRAISEMENT
OF THE ESTATE OF
ANTHONY
HAY LATE OF THE CITY OF WILLIAMSBURG
TAVERN
3
Bedsteads 30/.
3 Pillows
2 Matts
1
DECEASED
Beds 3 Bolsters
200/.
Hide 6/ 3.
1
Looking
glass
0. 10. 0
1
2 Bedsteads,
7/ 6, 1 old
1
Chest 10/.
1
prints the
Bedstead and striped Holland
Cloaths
press 20/.
Ceasars 12
1
Curtains,
1 Bed 1 Bolster
1
1
11 old
2. 0
1 Hide
Pine Table
3
1
Small
Looking
Glass 5/.
2 Bedsteads
1
1
1
3
3
and blue Check Curtains,
13.
1
80/
1
10. 0
2
1.
Matt
2 Beds
63
4. 7. 6
2 Bolsters 2 Pillows
Glass
6, 1 Pine Table 3/ 9
1
Bason stand, Bason and Bottle
11/
2. 6
1.
2/
China Butter
red Canister
White
7. 6
0. 5. 9
Saucers
0. 12. 6
7/ 6 1 Do.
2/
13.
0. 12. 6
1 Walnut
Knife
Box
0. 5. 9
Handle
50/.
1
Knifes
Carving
Looking
59. Do. Forks
Knife
1/
3
Pair of Snuffers
1
0. 0
Tables
2 four foot square
60
5.
Mahony
1
Back Gammon Table 5/.
Card Table 40/.
0. 10. 0
5/.
20]
1
large
black
Jack
7. 6
9 Chairs
67/ 6
0. 15. 3
0.0
5.
1
14. 0. 0
2. 11. 3
0. 3. 0
Glass 40/.
Walnut
and Curtains 2 Hides
Looking
1.
2
0. 3. 9
1
2. 15. 0
4 China Coffe
3/ 9
0. 5. 0
Table
2 Bedsteads
1
2 Hides 3 Beds 3 Bolsters
3 Pillows
1
0. 0
Bed 1. Bolster 1 Pillow
Walnut Table 7/ 6
3 Bedsteads
7. 6
9. 0. 0
Sugar Dish 5/
7.
Pine Table
1
14.
10 China Sawcers and 8 Cups
1.
2 Bolsters
Bedstead
0. 0
4 Silver
100/
shovels
Rims and Casters 25/.
Stands
0. 0
Pine
Table 5/.
1
and
ladles 80/.
Cups 2/ 6
2 Bedsteads 2 Matts 2. Beds 2 Pillows
1
1.
9. 0. 0
1 China Jar, 1 Milk Post 3/ 9. 2 China
2 Pillows
2 Basons 25/.
foot
stair
Board 12/ 6
0. 11.
Hide, 2 Beds, 2 Bolsters,
23 Chamberpots &
the
at
0. 0
3. 14. 0
punch strainers 40/. 1 Glass
Lamp 15/
18 Wine Glasses 10/ 1 Mahogany Tea
Fender
Pine Table 3/ 9
2/
2 Silver
8. 0. 0
and Poker 2/ 6,
punch
salts,
0. 11. 3
2 Bedsteads, 2 Matts, 2 Beds 2 Pillows
1
Cases
0. 0
35.
17/ 6
Glass Lanthern
6 Silver
White Window Curtains 7/ 6, 1 Pine
2. Bolsters
Pillows
4. 2. 6
35.
6 French plate Candlesticks
16 China Bowls
14. 0. 0
Table 3/ 9
pair
7/ 6 each
Dutch Do.
0. 3. 9
Hides
31. 10. 0
a
Counterpains
37
2 Bedstead and red strip' d Curtains 2.
Beds 2 Bolsters 2 Pillows and 2
10. 0. 0
0. 3. 9
@ 18/
11
0. 0
0. 0
17. 6
Pillows
4
40 Pair of Sheets
7.
12.
1 Pine
Pine Table
35
Pillow
10/.
Fender 2/ 6
1
70 Blankets
2.
2,
1 Hide 1 Matt 2 Beds
3 Bolsters
12. 6
2 Hides
2 Pillows
Bason stand and Bottle
Table 5/.
Walnut Table 5/
1
and Curtains
Beds, 2 Bolsters
4. 10. 0
1
Matt
Small
2 Bedsteads
11. 10. 0
pine Table 3/ 9
Bedstead, 1 Bed 1. Bolster 1 Pillow,
1
1
3
KEEPER
1 Iron Fender
5/
0. 15. 0
�Raleigh Tavern
1
Walnut Card Table 25/
Table
1 Do.
25./
10 Chairs 70/
Do. Corner
1
1
1 Fender and Blower 10
90/.
2
100
Glasses
Looking
2
4. 0. 0
3 large oval Mahagany Tables
1 Mahogany Corner Do. 20/,
12 Chairs
9. 0. 0
10. 10. 0
1
1
Desk&
1
Fender and Poker 3/ 9, 1 Chair 7/ 6,
1
Gun Lock
1
Press Bedstead, 1 Bed, 1 Bolster,
1
pair Sheets 3 Blankets
Walnut Desk 40/, 1 pine Chest of
Drawers 10/.
1 Beaufet 40/
Book Case 120/.
1
square
Table
6. 15. 0
15/
2
4
1. 11.
3
0. 0
4 Tin Canisters
3
0. 3. 0
1.
2. 6
1
1.
7/ 6
3. 9
1
Blower
Glass
square
Horse
2 large
Mahogany
Chery
Do. 80/
Do. 10/.
1
large oval Walnut Do. 50/.
Tables
Mahogany
Card
0. 3. 1% 2
6 Do.
5 Do.
and
0. 0
10 Brass
weights
4
2. 10. 0
11 Pickle and
1. 11. 0
1 Pair Brass scales
5/
Dishes 27/.
Tin Canisters
1 Table Bell 4/
Tart Pans 1/ 3
21 ]
3. 15. 0
34 Do.
Bottles 6/
2 Tin Kettles
3. 15. 0
Do. 15/
40/
Chafing
bell &
0. 15. 0
corner
plates 10/.
Tin Tart Moulds 25/.
10 Butter Pots 12/.
1
25/
0. 8. 0
2/
white stone
other
0.0
7. 10. 0
Table
7/%
Dishes
67
Mahogany
140/
2. 6
Stone Tea Pots 1/ 3.
China Fruit Baskets 5/.
Queens
3 Doz:
3. 0. 0
11.
2
3.
4 Queens
Fruit Dishes 10/.
2
15.
Small
3/.
2. 16. 3
Dish
2
1 large oval
1
Card
40/
Walnut Tables 260/
Do. 140/,
Coloured
34 Do. Dishes 60/.
Shoe Do. 40/
square
2. 6
6 Chairs,
Mattrass
shells
55/
Looking
1
2. 15. 0
3 Queens China Turin and Dishes
0. 13. 6
Prints 20/.
Boats 20/.
China Butter Boats 5/.
2 Large
3. 12. 6
1
7. 12. 6
8 Do. Egg Cups 2/ 6 1 Delft sallad
12/ 6
14 Coloured
small
1/,
Do. Dishes 30/.
15/
Cups and Saucers 5/.
0.0
25.
Fender 47/ 6
1
10. 10. 0
5 Stone Pickle
8. 9
9.
Beds, 4 Bolsters, 6 pillows 500/,
1 Hide 2/ 6
Poker
1. 17. 6
pr. dozen
2 do. Tart Plates 5/.
at
6 Do. Butter
8. 11. 3
Walnut Table 25/.
7/ 6
2 Pine Tables
139 Queens China Plates 57/ 6. 38 Stone
5. 16. 3
7/ 6
4 Pr. Window
Hide
122 China Plates
15/.
1.
16. 15. 0
Pillow 200/.
1
1 Matt 10/.
0. 0
4 Beds,
2 Bedsteads, 2 Beds, 2 Bolsters 1 Pillow
Pine Table
3 Decanters
Bolsters
Curtains 20/.
7. 6
4
Oak Do. Do. 80/
1
11
2 Hides
Walnut Bedstead and Curtains 100/.
Square
15.
c.
c. &
Plate
6 pair Snuffers 3/ 9
2 Pr. Lime squeezers 3/ 9. 6 Pewter Ink
1
2. 0. 0
Syrups
5 Bedsteads 2 Mattresses 135/.
Weights
1
3/ 9, 12 Wine Glasses
4
2. 6
4
1 Fender 3/ 9
3 China Bowls 10/.
1
0. 13. 9
Pots Sweetmeats &
0. 8. 0
1.
105/
fire
412 Pieces of Glass ware for Pyramids
10/
large Scale Box, Scales&
stands
headed
Dogs 12/ 6
1.
Japan
7. 3
5. 14. 0
1/ 3. 2 Brass
0. 5. 0
24 Brass Candlesticks
1
1.
different Sorts 1/ 3
3% 2 dozen new Pewter soap Plates 70/.
China Coffee Cups and 10
4 Window Curtains 12/ 6. 1
20/.
15 Bottles
7. 6
4. 10. 0
2 Do. Milk pots, 2 Do. Tea post
1 Tin Cannister 20/. 3 China Bowls 7/ 6
1
1. 12. 6
Blinds 15/
flat Pewter Dishes 26/,
22 flat Do. 44/
Do. Saucers
warmer
venitian
new
5.
1,
Do. Coffee Cups 2/ 6
Queens
1. 10. 0
1.
4 large China Cups and Saucers 8/
9
1. 10. 0
15/
17/ 6
Dishes
44 China Saucers and 17 Cups 20/.
11
2. 6
3 round Mahogany Tea Boards 17/ 6
12/ 6, 1 Pair Shoe Boots 15/
Matt
19.
1 plate Warmer 5/.
large old Carpet
1
small
1
large Fender 10/.
2 Coffee Mills 12/ 6. 2 new deep pewter
Glass 20/
Looking
I
2. 7. 6
16. 10. 0
Bolster 1 Pillow 170
walnut
1
0. 0
11
27/ 6
Brass Sconces
Fender&
29.
0. 7. 6
Tea Do. 5/
1 Mahogany
33 Chairs, 1 Close stool Do. 355/,
poker 7/ 6. a parcel of Brass
Sconces. Cloak pins & c 40/
Bedstead &
Curtains 160/. 1 Bed 1.
1
1 Billiard Table 500/.
Pine Press 20/.
Mahogany fire Skreens 60/
1 Book stand 2/ 6, 1 Walnut Plate Tray
4. 5. 0
35/
square
0. 17. 0
1 Hand
12/ 6
1. 19. 6
11 Stone
0. 5. 3
�Raleigh Tavern
I
Cloaths
Brush 1/
3, 1 Pine press, 1
40/
Corner Cupboard
2
16 Napkins
4 Pr. brown Sheets
10/.
30/.
2
2 do. Fish Kettles
China Fish
Queens
5 Do.
2
1
Cooper
5/.
1
Spice
2/ 6
Morter and Pestle 5/,
Marble
Iron
2
2.
Mortar 7/ 6. 1 Pr.
spits
25/
1
2 flesh forks &
Pair Tongs,
1
2
Shovel,
Bell
Metal
4 Trays 8/,
10
Trivit
10/,
5 flat Irons
Warming
Pan 20/,
Phaeaton and Harness £
Chair
Cows,
1
Yearling
Saddle
Harness
1 old
5. 0
9.
7. 6
2.
Maideira
32: 8
33.
8/.
15/
3. 0
1.
salts
4. 3
1
2. 10. 0
0. 0
35.
sic]
0. 0
0. 0
45.
0. 0
60. 0.0
60. 0.0
Jerry
0. 0
30. 0. 0
Rippon
50. 0.0
Sarah and her Child
0. 0
65.
Mary
0.0
70. 0.0
Will
18.
0. 0
50.
0.0
Kate
0.
60.
Tom
3
5/,
6
10
25.
125.
Willshire
13.
Measures
viz
Gaby
5. 0
1. 11.
3 Pillows £
1. 11. 9
Caesar
50. 0. 0
Betty
Nancy
6. 6
3 Bedsteads and Curtains £ 8, 3 Beds
3 Bolsters
Pipe Vinegar in the Yard
18 doz:
Lucy
Peggy and her Children viz. Ben,
Lucy, Jemmy, Jenny
7. 10. 0
11/ 3, 1 Iron Chair
1/
Casks 8/ 9
6. 15. 0
15/.
@36/ £
Negroes,
20, 1 Single
15/ [
Barr 20/
spade
0. 10. 0
3 Brass Cocks,
Parcel of empty
Pair Steelyards
Calf £ 12, 1
Bushell and 1 Gallon
12
7. 6
3. 15. 0
Rachel'
and Bridle 20/
9 old Hogsheads
I%
1
by
@ 7/ 6
5. 0
13.
15/.
9
and Harness
Bottles Oil 23/.
Rum taster 1/ 3. 8 China
8. 0
1.
0. 0
9. 0.0
1.
Wine
62, 1 Cart and Harness
for 4 Horses £
Pr. Gall.
pots 15/
small Carpet
5. 0
71.
1
0. 15. 0
25.
1 Kettle
Tin Cistern 5/
1
9. 18. 0
1
1.
12/ 6, 26 pewter Dishes 130/
10 Dozen and 5 Pewter plates
@ 18/
6 Water Plates 20/. 2 Coolers, 1
Horses £
18.
quite full
Hogshead of Rum
g
1
Table
4
0. 0
Cloathes Horse 7/ 6, 1 large Pine
5
2. 10. 0
6:
not
1
1.
pails 20/
2 Tin Coffee pots 2 Pine Tables 15/
2 Copper Coal Skuttles 10/.
1
Pr. Doz: £
Arrack £ 3
Rum
Iron bound
a
Tubs, and
2 large Copper Kettles 240/.
@ 2/ 16 40/.
Porter @ 6/
1
Carboy
Carboy old
1 Box Sperma
2 large Iron Backs 120/. 6 Butter
2
Skillets 20/
Washing
23
4. 0.0
3.
5/,
0. 0
5. 5. 0
Pipe Vinegar 10/.
16 panes Glass 10 Inches
Plate
Jack
1
0. 0
12.
3
10/.
4. 17. 6
3 Tin Pans 3 Do. Dish Covers
Ale qty. 10 doz: &
10 Carboys ( sold Colo. Burwell)
2. 6
Racks 55/
spit
@ 6/.
oz.
7 empty Casks 17/ 6, 3 Bottle Cases
Tongs
6 Iron pots 55/
4 Pot hooks, 5 Racks 42/ 6, 1 Pr. Dogs
scots
Cask @ 10/
1.
Dish, 2
Chafing
stake
15/
4. 2. 6
30 Gallons Rum or thereabouts in a large
7. 6
Frying
Basket
1
0. 0
0. 10. 0
2 Gridirons
1
1
1
Pans 5/.
1
0.0
4 Tin
Do. Cullender
1
Cask
40
wt.
spoons
Caeti Candles
1.
2 Copper Dutch Ovens 40/,
5. 0
5.
Do. Table
23 doz:
2 Iron
Do. 5/
Do. 5/,
1
Dishes and
Pan 15/.
Poker 2/ 6.
Bottles
1.
Dripping
1
4. 10. 0
15/
Pr. Tongs &
3.
Tongs
22
Pot
60/
strainers
Boats&
sauce
spoons
0. 0
4. 0. 0
Pot 1 do. Chocolate
1 Walnut
28 Silver Teaspoons and 1 pair sugar
2 Do.
Boilers 40/
9. 0. 0
Square Walnut Table 30/.
1
not
5.
12
Dressing Table 35/
1 Mahogany Chest of Drawers 80/,
0. 11. 3
10 Napkins
up
Do. Coffee
1
40. 0. 0
3 large Copper Tea Kettles 40/.
1
12. 6
90/.
Chairs 90/
Delft Pickle
1
Dish 1/ 3
New Table Cloth&
made
1. 3
0.
Pine Tables
36 Table Clothes
1
9 Blankets 3 Counterpaines
2.
0. 0
50. 0. 0
and her Child Edmund
60. 0. 0
1778. 11. 10%s
22]
�Raleigh Tavern
In Obedience to an Order of York Court bearing Date the 21st day of January 1771 We
the Subscribers being first sworn have appraised in Current Money the Personal Estate of
Mr.
Anthony Hay
Deceased.
Given under our hands this second day of February 1771.
Alexander Craig
James Southall
Edward
Charlton
Returned into York County Court the 15th day of April 1771 and Ordered to be recorded.
Examd.
Teste
Thos.
York
County,
Wills &
Inventories,
no.
22 ( 1771- 83),
23]
p. 19.
Everard
Cl Cur.
�Peyton Randolph House
INVENTORY
PEYTON
AND
APPRAISEMENT
ESQR.
IN
OF
THE
ESTATE
YORK
COUNTY
1 Phaton £
RANDOLPH
15 5 Cows £
OF
TAKEN
JANR. THE 5TH. 1776
12
tables £
Mahogany
23. 0. 0
8
Table £ 2. 1 Marble Table £ 2
1 Card
Table 20/
Glasses £
looking
1
Carpet 20/
red and
11
Frying
2.
0. 0
25
Bushels
0. 0
22 Do. dishes £ 5
4 Blue&
10/
White
0.0
4
6
Shells
Scollop
Cups 6/
1.
5. 0
25
1.
5 Beer Glasses
48
1
Mahogany Tray
5
10/
punch
Do. 5/
plate @ 7/ 6
plate Basket and 2 knives Do.
10/ 31/ doz: knives and forks
4
Do. £ 5
1
tea
Waiters
Board 7/ 6
10/
and 8 Harness
1
1.
Sett of Ornamental
doz:
Mahogany
19.
8. 0
0. 0
16. 10
China
Chairs
24. 0.0
184. 10. 0
Looking
3 1 Ditto
5. 0. 0
Glass £
Shovel &
5 Flax Wheels
Common
60. 0. 0
10 1 pr. Tongs, poker
Fender
1 Black Walnut
0. 17. 0
255.
12. 10. 0
Tea Board £
Do. 40/
1
7. 0. 0
10 1 Tea table 20/
1 Do. 30/
1 Sett China&
1. 18. 0
5. 0. 0
20. 0. 0
5 1 Card table £ 2
1 Wilton Carpet£
5. 0
20/
press £ 3
2 Check Reels&
11.
0. 0
3.
0. 0
2
Reels
5. 0. 0
A dressing table and Glass £ 5 a Desk
0. 0
and Book Case £
Mare
and Colt £ 40 1 riding
Horse £ 30
6. 0
1.
2 fire Screens £
Japand
5 Chariot Horses £ 230 3 Cart Do. £ 25
1
a
5. 10. 0
Mahogany
1 Chariot
0. 17. 0
1. 15. 0
492 Oz:
49.
18/
a parcel Queens China Ware&
Sundry Articles Sent to Wilton
9 Decanters and
1 Do. Case containing 2 Bottles 25/
1 round
Mahogany table 26/ 1 plate
Warmer 12/
4. 10. 0
46. 15 36 Towells
Cloths 5/
2. 0
2. 5. 0
12/
2. 6
6 pr. pillow Cases 15/ 2 Side Board
1.
4 Baskets 25/
I
7. 0
15 Water Glasses
30/
10 Wine Glasses
40/
11 pr. Sheets £
2 pr. Virginia Do. £ 2
Mug
Sugar dish 2/
1 Marble Bowl 15/
0. 0
2.
12/ 6
2. 11
9 Napkins
1.
China
Queen
a
2.
pr. Stilliards
Table Cloths£
0. 16. 0
10/
5/
1
a
Cyder
5. 0
18 Blue and White China Plates 22/
4 fruit Baskets 20/
15/
a parcel Corks 50/ a pipe of Sower
15/
Saucers
1 Bedstead
Cross Cut Saw 15/
13 Blue and White
Coffee Cups &
10/
0. 0
15. 0
10 old Sacks 5/ a parcel of Tallow
2 Do. potting pots 15/
Cups& Patty pans 10/
Egg
2. 10. 0
1.
4 old Scythes
5. 0.0
Custard
12
3. 15. 0
5 Bushels Malt 15/
White China Sauce boats
21
1. 13. 0
pans at 3/
Salt at 3/
20/
11.
dishes £
0. 0
20. 0. 0
a parcel Lumber in the Store house
1 Blue and White China Tureen 20/
11 Blue &
35.
and Flax 10/
5. 15. 0
6
China plates£
white
20
and Harness
a parcel Wool 40/ a parcel Hemp
China Bowls £ 5. 5 China Mugs 15/
8 doz:
4. 0. 0
20 1 pr. End
irons £ 2
5
2 Carts and 1 Tumbrill
22.
1 Side Board
4
15. 2
Chairs £
Mahogany
6 old Chairs £
70. 0. 0
a
24]
Small
3 1
7
Easy Chair 20/
Cabinet & a parcel old China
12.
0. 0
4. 0. 0
2. 0. 0
�Peyton Randolph
a Fender &
pr. Tongs 3/
Sett old Blue damask Curtains 30/
0. 3. 0
2 pr. Window Do. 30/
Sundry Articles in Mrs. Randolph'
1
3.
Warming
1
Coal Skuttle
pr. Scales & Weights
2 Spinning Wheels 15/
10/
1
5/
Kettles £
Lumber
Bell Metal
1.
5. 0
2.
5. 0
Skillet
Grid Iron 2
3
pans 25/
Iron Potts 40/
dripping
2
1
a
pr.
Iron ladle, 1
11
and
tin
a
a
tin
35
Sugar 45/
12/
a
parcel
about
4
Jugs
8/
1
pr.
51
1. 10. 0
5
7. 10. 0
3.
3
0. 0
40. 0. 0
18. 0. 0
3 6 pr. New Blankets
16. 0. 0
yards Irish Linnen @ 5/ £
25 yards @ Do. £ 6. 0
a
12. 15
parcel
Sylabub&
19.
0. 0
100 lb. Wt.
8. 15. 0
Jelly Glasses, 4
Salvers, 8 Water Glasses 22 Wine
Do. and 3 Glass Candlesticks
12. 6
0. 0
1
Corner Cupboard &
1
Screen
parcel physick
1 Japann' d Tea Board 5/ 3 Globe
Candle
11.
a
Sticks 30/
30/
Trunks
0. 0
a Trussel
3.
0. 0
5.
0. 0
1. 15. 0
and 4 old
20/
2. 10. 0
4 Mahogany Chairs £ 4 1 dressing
5.
Glass 30/
7. 6
1
pine Table 3/
in Bottles containing
Carpet
1
2.
Bedstead &
15. 0
5. 10. 0
1 old Fender
Shovel
3/
60. 0. 0
8. 0
Suit Virginia Curtains
and Window Curtains
a
a
5/
and Tongs
2. 0
wine
Box&
5 Quilts £
Feather Beds, 7 Bolsters &
17. 10. 0
a
50/
1 ps. Fustian Dimity 25/
0.0
Broken Dogs
pipe
1 Butter Pot 2/
Curtains
Bed Cover £
3 Wool Do. £
12. 10.
4 pr. Coarse Shoes 24/
lines 9/
a
2. 10. 0
10/
12
1.
About 30 yds. Green planes at 2/ 9
4. 2. 6. 20 Ells Oznbr. 25/
Jack
3. 0
11.
40 yds Cotton £ 5
3
1 old
9 pillows
4 hair Mattrases £ 6 10 Counterpanes
8
150 lb Coffee
7 dutch blankets £ 3. 10 10 yds Crimson
Cloth £ 7. 10
6 Flat Irons&
Chintz
5. 0. 0
9. 7. 6
part of a Box Glass 20/
yds Green Cloth at 10/ £
7 Sifters 9/
Sett Callico
0. 0
0. 0
10. 0. 0
Cloth Do.
Window Curtains 40/
Sugar £ 7. 10
Chopping knife 6 Scythes&
3 Cuttg knives
1/ 3 £
at
1
10. 0
2. 10. 0
2.
Stones &
lb Brown
Do. and Do. Virginia
pr.
1.
15.
Curtains
9 7 old Do. £ 4
Spades 20/
100
and Suit Cotton
1
Kettles, 8 Sauce
pans, 5 Cake Moulds & a Cullender
parcel Brooms and Brushes 20/ 4
29 Hoes, 1
Bedstead
Carpet
1.
2.
Chamber pots 3 Wash Basons, 35 Wine
and 8 Beer Glasses
2 dish Covers, 3
7. 10. 0
4
0. 0
Old
Ware 20/
2. 10. 0
China Bason and Bottle 20/
1
5.
3. 0
10. 0
1
Kitchen Dogs
parcel
2.
Lanthorn
1
5. 0
Candle Moulds 23/
Copper
5. 0
knife and
Chopping
5. 10. 0
1
Dressing Table Glass and Toilet
6 Mahogany Chairs £ 6 1 Bed Table
3. 10. 0
2 Spitts and
8. 0
1. 10
flesh fork
23
1
Tea Kettle 15/
8 Stone Butter pots, 7 Milk pans and
1 Stone jug 30/
1
15. 0
frying
1.
5. 0
1 old pine table 8/ 6 Mahogany
Brass
pans&
1.
1 dry rubbing
Chairs 40/
1 Do. 15/
Jack,
0. 0
10. 0
1
8. 0. 0
paper press 10/
1
10/
tables
1.
1
15/
table
1 Clock £ 5 1 pr. Back Gammon
Marble
Mortar 5/
15. 0
9. 0. 0
Brush 3/
5.
20/
Small Marble
Round
2 fish Kettles
1
7. 15. 0
15/
1 Chaffing dish 5/
20. 0.0
15/
7. 10. 0 a parcel
Soap Jars
Mahogany Book presses at 30/
1 Do. Writing Table £ 3 1 large
Mahogany table £ 5
1
4. 0. 0
2. 10. 0
5/
2
6
Mortar 5/
1
0. 0
15 8 Copper Stew
pans £ 5
Safe 30/ 5 pales 10/
and Covers £ 3
Mortar
1
30 Gallons Rum £
pan&
8 pewter dishes 40/
2 doz: pewter plates £ 3 a parcel old
pewter 20/
3 Copper
0. 0
3. 10. 0
5 flasks Oil 10/
firkin Butter 40/
s
3.
1
Candles 60/
a
Closet
1
House
mahogany press £ 3
10.
0. 0
3.
0. 0
1 pine Table and Looking Glass 15/
1/
3 old Chairs 15/
2
25]
1. 10. 0
�Peyton Randolph
2 Bedsteads
15/
Fender 5/
1
3 Chairs
Ben
15/
1
1. 15. 0
10/
Bedstead
1
old Chest drawers
1
Dung
fork, 1 Garden
1.
Wheel
1 pr.
doz:
About
a
1
at
30/
1.
100 Bushels dust Coal
parcel
old Casks and Tubs
a
Library
of Books
as
pr. Catalogue
0. 0
20. 0. 0
10.
20. 0. 0
15. 0.0
0. 0
Roger
60. 0.0
Moses
60.
Wmsburg
to an Order of York Court dated
scribers being first Sworn before a Magistrate
Peyton Randolh Esq: as Within
100.
Betty
10. 0. 0
In Obedience
0. 0
60. 0.0
0. 0
Braches
0. 0
60. 0. 0
Aggy
Peter
0.0
100.
10. 0.0
Little
0.0
100.
60.
Kitty
Betsey
Lucy
Katy
Negroes
Watt
0. 0
80. 0. 0
Succordia
1578. 14. 6
25.
0. 0
Aggy
250. 0. 0
100.
25.
Charlotte
0. 0
Johnny
Jack
Billy
0. 0
100.
Eve
10. 0
3.
30. 0. 0
Watt
0. 0
2. 10. 0
Steel Mill
25.
Cosar
Scales
Gro:
30. 0. 0
Bob
18. 0
Bottles
30. 0. 0
40. 0. 0
William
10/
8
0. 0
Sam
Rake
Money
30. 0. 0
Henry
15. 0
Barrow 8/
25.
George
13. 0
and Spade
1
80. 0. 0
Cesar
5. 0
1.
15/
1 pine Table 5/ 1 Floor Cloth 20/
1 passage
Do. 8/
5 Hoes,
House
Sct. [?]
0. 0
2883. 14. 6
the 20th of November
1775
of Said City have Appraised
We the Sub-
the Estate of
J. Dixon
Wm.
Peirce
Alexr. Craig
Returned into York County Court the 15th day of July 1776 And Ordered to be Recorded
Examd.
Teste
Thos:
York
County,
Wills &
Inventories,
no.
22 ( 1771- 83),
pp. 337- 41.
26]
Everard
Cl. Curr.
�s
Wetherburn ' Tavern
THE INVENTORY AND APPRAISEMENT OF THE ESTATE
OF HENRY WETHERBURN IN YORK COUNTY
In Room
In the Bull head Room
1
1
d[ oz]
Mahogany
Mahogany Tea
1
Walnut Oval
1
Larger
1
Desk and Book
1
Eight
1
Pier Glass
1
Chimney
6. 0
3
Old Leather Chairs
0. 6. 0
5. 0. 0
with Glass Door
1
pr Dogs
0. 2. 6
4. 0.0
4. 0. 0
Do
0. 15.
and Bellows
0
Porch Chamber
0. 16.0
1.
pr Pistols
1
Doz Walnut
1
1 Bed Bedstead Rug Blanket Pillow
6. 0
3. 10. 0
and Cord
0. 5. 0
Chairs
Square
9
Large Blackwal[
1
1
Pots
1.
Do?]
3.
1
1
0. 0
Bed Bedstead
Bed Bedstead
2.
0. 0
torn].
an[ torn]
4 Chairs
7. 6
1
Dressing
Bed&
Bolster Bedstead
2 Blankets &
1
6 Leather
Bottom Chairs
Fire Shovel
Desk and Book
1
old Press
1
pr Backgammon
Bedstead
3 Leather
pr Doggs
case
Tables
Chairs
0. 10. 0
1. 16. 0
0. 2. 0
2.
2. 0
5. 0
1
Screen
1
Guilt
1.
Mahogany
10. 0
Chairs
Sconce Glass
1
Large
0. 12. 6
10 [
torn]
0. 8. 0
14 Small Prints
1
0. 2. 6
19
27]
Chimney
3. 0. 0
7. 10. 0
1 Large Do
0. 9. 0
6. 0. 0
5. 0. 0
0. 10. 0
and Cord
Table
The first entries under the heading Great Room
are mutilated; the inventory continues:]
2. 10. 0
1
5. 10. 0
Hide
Great Room
0. 0
0.
pr Dogs
1 pier Glass
1
1
4.
3. 15. 0
Quilt
Cord
Cord Hide
Counterpin
Do Bolster Blankets Hide Cord and
Bedstead
Cord 5. 10. 0
Bolster
8. 0. 0
Glass
In the Chamber
1
Curtains
Oval
1
pr Dogs
Counterpin
Quilt
torn] &
0. 6. 0
torn]
Pillow
2 Blankets H[ i] de &
Pillow 2 Blankets [ Hyde] and Cord
0. 8. 0
torn]
Room
Bolster
Counterpin
6. 0
1
1
10. 0
torn] .
Over Middle
4. 0. 0
nut . . . ]
8 Large Pr[ ints?]
Europe[
Bed Bedstead
1. 10. 0
Pier Glass
Chimney [
Chamber
0. 10. 0
Tab[ les]
1
Chairs
9. 0. 0
Old Card Table
1[
1. 10. 0
Stool Chair and Pan
torn]
In the Mid[ dle Room]
2
0. 0
0. 10. 0
2
1
3.
and Cord
Easy Chair
8. 0. 0
case
Clock
day
2 Large
2. 10. 0
Blanket
1
1
2. 0. 0
Do
1 pr[ torn]
8 Prints
1
Table
Cord Hide Bolster
1 Bed Bolster Pillow Blanket Bedstead
6. 0
1.
Round Do
Over Bull head
Bed Bedstead
and Pillow
0. 15. 0
Table
1.
1
1
9. 0. 0
Chairs
Do
aps
pr Dogs
brass Candlesticks
10. 0. 0
1.
0. 0
3[ illeg] 0
1.
0. 0
1. 16.0
I
�Wetherburn' s Tavern
2
Iron Do 2 Pr Snuffers
0. 3. 0
2
Candle
and Snuffer Stand
0. 3. 0
5
Blue and White China Bowls
1
Tea Kettle 2 Coffee Pots 1 Chocolate
1
Carpet
0. 15. 0
Glasses
1. 15. 0
2 Red and White Do
Do
0. 15. 0
0.
7. 6
1.
6. 0
1.
15. 0
2
Japan
2.
0. 0
1
Set White flowered China
Mugs
1 Tea Pott and Stand 1 Slop Bason
Sugar Dish Tea Cannister
Mr Pages Room
1
Bed Bedstead
Blanket Bolster Quilt
Hyde and Pillow
1
Bed Bedstead
1
1 Plate
Blanket
Bolster Hyde and Pillow
1
3
6 Enameled Cups and Saucers 1 Cup
5. 15. 0
and 4 Sausers
B[ ed] Bolster Curtains Pillow Bedstead
Cord and Hyde
1
Tong stands 6 Coffee Potts and
torn]
Quilt Cord
7.
Glass and table
Dressing
7
Cups and 8 Saucers Spoon and
0. 0
12 Custard
1. 15. 0
Chairs
a
0. 12. 0
torn]
Do
0. 15. 0
5 Red and White Cups and 4 Sausers
0. 5. 0
0. 5. 0
Cups
0. 6. 0
Parcel of Odd China
0. 17. 0
10 White Stone Patty Pans and [ torn]
Tart Pans
Wh?] eat Room
a
1
Bed Bedstead Bolster Pillow 2 Blankets
Cord &
1
Counterpin
Bed Bedstead[
3 Chairs
4.
Counterpin
1 Table
Bed Bedstead
10.0
1
and
Sheep ( 4)
4
Bed Bedstead [
Gray
7/
11.
Mare
10. 0
1
Black Horse
1
Sorrel D°
0. 12. 6
1
Gray
1
3 Chairs [
torn]
Bay Do
The Sh[ torn]
1
Chair and Harness
10. 0. 0
0. 0
tom].
10. 0
pr Wheels
Waggon and Harness
10. 0. 0
Ta[ ble]
1
1
1
Bed and Bolster
1. 15. 0
1
Bed Bolster Pillow Counterpin
2 Blankets Curtains&
Linen
15 [
7. 10. 0
Table
1.
and Tongs
torn]
@ 22/
Sheets
16. 10. 0
2 pr Old Do
6 pr fine Do
Sacking
Bedstead
1
2. 10. 0
torn]
0. 15. 0
27 Napkins
5. 0
17 Towels
0. 5. 0
1. 10. 0
9. 0. 0
@ 2/ 6
3.
8/ 6 19 Pillow
3 large Damask
Cases 31/
Table Cloths
2 Small Do
Glass Ware
19
Syllabub
62
Gelly
Glasses
1.
Glasses
2 Do 30/
0. 0
and Pans
and Cyder Do
4 Do 32/
0. 0
3. 17. 0
New Do
1. 10. 0
Old Do
0. 8. 0
2[
0. 17. 6
torn]
and
I
Damask Do
0. 10. 0
0. 12. 6
3.
0. 0
1
1.
0.0
and Ladle
1.
Do 15/.
1
10. 0
9 Glass Salvers
Glass Bowl
1
5. 5. 0
1
0. 12. 0
Do
14 Sweatmeat
Wine
1.
7. 6
1. 19. 6
2. 10. 0
2 large Old Do
8 Wine Decanters
21
0. 0
1
Glass
Shovel
1.
20. 0. 0
1
1
1
4. 0. 0
6. 0. 0
Bed Bedste[ ad]
4 Chairs
1. 10. 0
Do
torn].
Bed Bedst[ ead]
3 Chairs
1. 10. 0
2 Chair Do
torn]
1
0. 0
5. 0. 0
3. 10. 0
4.
Quilt
torn]
5. 19. 0
Cows
1
b] lankets
Quilt
6. 0
In the Yard and Stable
17
ster. . .
1.
0. 9. 0
The last entries on this page are torn.]
5. 10. 0
0. 17. 0
Bol[
0. 3. 9
10 large wh[ torn] op Shells
9 Square Blue [ torn]
End Room
1
Possett Can
3 Small
Bolster Pillow
torn]
2 Blankets &
0. 5. 0
a parcel of Stone ware 2[ torn]
Silver
1
28]
Tea Kettle
Oz. d. w. t
1303/
4
@ 7/ 6 49. 0. 7% 2
�Wetherburn' s Tavern
1 Tea Pot
25. 10
1
Milk Pot
11.
1
Tea Pot
16. 5
1
Coffee Pot
@
@
@
@
32 -
19
8/
10. 4. 0
7/ 6
1
9. 71/
4
4.
8/
12. 16. 0
0. 17. 6
1. 10. 0
1
2 Salvers 2 Stands
39.
torn]
4 Salts
4
Candlesticks
1
Quart Can[
torn] [
The next
10
torn]
six entries
are
13.
107[?]
12.
1
1
8
7. 10
1
Butter
10. 3
Boat
@ 7/ 6
7/
@
@ 7/
Punch Strainer
5 -
@ 6/
with
24
a
8. 0
Shovel and [ Tongs?]
0. 6. 0
Sm[ all] Copper Kettle
1.
8 Scures
3. 11. 6
1.
1
15. 0
Cloaths
1.
0. 5. 0
Horse
0. 10. 0
32 Candle Moulds and Frame
2
7. 0
1. 14.
Sword
0. 0
0. 6.4
B[ e] ll
10. 0
7.
Case
Hilted
0. 0
1.
1 Chopping Knive Cleaver and
2. 12. 6
2. 5. 0
0. 12. 0
Soap Jan-s
3 Spinning Wheels
1 A[ torn] Hoe
10 Silver Hand Knives and 11 Forks
Silver
1.
1
4. 13. 0
1.
2 Punch Ladles
I
3. 10. 0
Racks
1
Saucepan
7. 0
0. 2. 6
Spit Jack and Chains
Spit Rack & Dog
4 P[ ot]
6. 9
Pepper Box and
1
5.
7 Earthern Milk Pans
Sugar
Tongs
1
Pewter Dishes 2 Basons and
30 Dishes
0: 0
6. 16. 8
torn]
2. 6
1. 8
3. 3. 9
mutilated.]
t
0.
Chafing [ Dish]
The last entries on this page are mutilated.]
1
Desart Do Spoons
19 Tea Spoons&
13.
@ 6/ 8
@ 6/ 8
30-
16 Table 1 So[ op Spoons]
Oz. d. w.
11
@ 6/ 8
@ 7/ 6
5
8. 10
0. 3. 0
mer]
6 Spitts
6. 10. 0
8/
Flesh fork Skim[
2 Iron Potts and [ torn]
0
1.
a
parcel of Old Copper
1 Warming Pan Lanthorn and
6. 0
3. 0
0. 4. 6
0. 7. 6
Meat hook
11
Black handle Knives
with Case
Knife and
1
20 Forks 1
Carving
Fork
Liquor
1.
Set Castors
6. 0
4 Gallons Arrack
0. 12. 6
Set D°
24 Tin
17
0. 4. 0
Patty
0. 5. 0
Pans
Funnel
2 Tobacco
pr Stillyards
1 pr Brass Scales
Sieves
1
weights
round
1
Square
1
Iron Do
2
Frying
Dripping
torn]
Wine
Doz and 4
4. 10. 0
@ 2/
@ 3/
3 Doz and 8 Beer
@ 6/
Pan
Do
0. 0
0. 0
2. 6
431/
2
Gallon[
3 Gallons
s]
Rum
Bottle
Doz
4
Doz
@ 4/ 6
Cordial
17.
4. 0
1. 12. 9
1.
2. 0
9. 15. 9
1. 10. 0
0. 18. 0
1.
6. 0
At Mill Swamp
0. 5. 0
Pans
20. 0. 0
Claret
Bottled Do -
1.
Stew Pans
1
torn]
9 Doz and 10 Porter
1.
7. 16. 0
2. 5. 0
0. 5. 0
1.
Bell Metal Skillet
Doz
Port
0. 10. 0
and
2 pr money Scales
1 Marble M[ ort] ar
3
4. 0. 0
Bottles of Beer @ 9/
4
Part of Pipe Madeira
1[
0. 5. 0
0. 12. 6
1
Doz &
18 Bottles
0. 2. 6
2 Cheese toasters 1 knife Basket
1
Tables
1. 10. 0
23 Buck Knives &
1
0. 12. 6
2 Kitchen
12 Forks
0. 16. 0
3 Tubs 3 Pails
In the Kitchen
illegible].
27 Head Cattle 9 [ torn]
7. 6
2 Old Chairs
1
Tab[ le]
37.
0. 0
0. 10. 0
2 Grid Irons
0. 8. 0
1
large Stew Pan
0. 15. 0
1
Old Copper [
1
large Dutch Oven
5.
7
Milk Pans
1
Fish Kettle
3. 10. 0
9 Hoes 2 [
1
Copper Boiler
2. 10. 0
1
Sorrel [ Horse]
1. 10.0
0. 18. 0
1
Black H[ orse]
1. 10. 0
0. 0
1
Small
1
Copper Saucepan and [ torn]
1.
1
large Copper Tea [
2. 0. 0
Do
torn]
0. 0
torn]
1.
1.
torn]
The entries at the bottom of this page are
mutilated.]
29]
0. 0
0. 5. 0
1. 0
�Wetherburn' s Tavern
Negroes
Judy
Casar
Belinda
25.
s
Child
45 Given
7.
Will
40. 0. 0
Billy
Clarissa'
Clarissa £
70. 0. 0
by
0. 0
45. 0.0
410. 0. 0
0. 0
Gabriel
25.
Sarah
50. 0. 0
Sarah
40. 0. 0
Rachael
25.
Tom
20. 0.0
the
House
91. 17. 6
45. 0. 0
Sylvia
Cash in
Phillis
0. 0
Tobacco
when
not Inspected
Passed
to be accounted
for
and Sold
0. 0
Benjamin Waller
8. 0. 0
William
Prentis
Executors
In Obedience to an Order of York County Court We the Subscribers being first Sworn have
appraised
decd and
Eleven
the
December
Slaves
Personal
19th
amounting to £ 410— belonging to the Estate
Estate to the amount of £
826. 6. 11 according to
of Henry Wetherburn
the foregoing account.
1760
Hugh
Orr
Edward
Cha [ torn] n
Alexander Craig
James Southall
Returned into York County Court the 16th Day of March 1761 and Ordered to be recorded.
Exd
Teste
Thos
York
County,
Wills &
Inventories,
no.
21 (
1760- 71),
pp. 36- 43.
30]
Everard
Cl. Cur.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Miscellaneous Publications
Description
An account of the resource
Miscellaneous Publications is a collection of single publications of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation which were not issued in serial form or as part of a series. Please note that due to the age of some publications, the information presented does not always reflect the most recent research available or the most recent interpretive decisions about how to present a site or a building and its contents to the public. Researchers should not rely on these publications alone to understand the most recent interpretation of Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings and sites.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Inventories of four eighteenth-century houses in the historic area of Williamsburg
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Subject
The topic of the resource
Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.)
Peyton Randolph House (Williamsburg, Va.)
Raleigh Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.)
Wetherburn's Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.)
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/7d7d798af98e8ab903c7970c4a0e07bb.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=KicMBusuomyAf2543ewsEPK%7EVUSM3Fi26Ov-P1xPwFy5iAzaA9wqlgQH3QLLT9xRgECqmIMIl7DsnJskuKLIiumvNyXEvGPW-4tdY5JGvkHtKh0wc5BMoF1ajLHzC2Jw9vlIawNlj3sTa4i0QtQAjxZQH2MhKbxtdXBNB4J-azqBEdwYE0RWI18L1rpv3bMbhXmcxbMnh5Nnn042J4B6ifesWeqWsBo1PaxMnbJqHHnImTYErvD2azSUI8XaxI48m0%7EqnxZNcEcayWKBJC6wcbFRNFY%7EbPPkQu1KrwFe31yny7NWMsKktlOVH5EGx6u3ifxh3IOXtgUA%7E4tgGStmgw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
50dddc99e66db1d2fd82444c71242386
PDF Text
Text
WINTER 2020
NEWSLETTER
VOL. 2, NO. 3
WOMEN OF THE RESTORATION
(continued from Fall 2019 issue)
Louise Fisher moved to Williamsburg in 1930 when her
husband accepted a professorship at the College of William & Mary--arriving, so she said, with one truckload of
furniture and two truckloads of flowers. Long an avid gardener, she became involved with flower arranging for
Colonial Williamsburg when she became a hostess for the
Raleigh Tavern, the first exhibition building opened in
1932. Fisher began providing flower arrangements for the
Raleigh in order to give it a homey feel for visitors. By
1942, the job of arranging was sufficiently onerous, due
to the number of open exhibition buildings, that Fisher
became the first employee solely responsible for flower
arrangement. As a result of her insistence on authenticity
IN THIS ISSUE
Women of the Restoration:
p. 1-2
Library volunteer Team:
p. 3
CW Publications Online:
p. 4
Changes for Felicity:
p. 5
Microfilm room:
p. 6-7
Rockefeller Library on Facebook:
p. 7
Bird’s eye view of the Capitol:
p. 8-9
New Photograph Acquisition:
p. 10-11
Statistically Speaking:
p. 12
Professional Development Grants:
p. 13
Colonial Williamsburg floral manager Louise Fisher gathers coxcomb,
c. 1950 .
1
�WOMEN OF THE RESTORATION
(continued)
Mrs. Fisher and others at an "Autographing party" for "An Eighteenth-Century Garland." February 10, 1951.
based on extensive research into eighteenth-century English and colonial gardening and flower arranging, Fisher developed what
became popularly known as a Colonial Williamsburg style of flower arrangement. She used only flowers that could be identified in
historical documents and prints or grew wild in the Williamsburg area. She arranged them only in authentic containers (delft flower bricks, the famous fingered posy holders, etc.) purchased both by her and by restoration interior designers. She relied on a looser, less formal style of flower arrangement than was dominating the floral world of the time. During the colder months of the
year, she used flowers that she had dried over the previous months. At Christmas, she created natural decorations by using fruit
and flowers inspired by old prints and the work of the Italian sculptor Della Robbia. She lectured widely to groups across the United States and in 1951 published a career-summarizing book titled An Eighteenth-Century Garland: The Flower and Fruit Arrangements of Colonial Williamsburg. Fisher’s greatest contribution to the Restoration was to aid in the spread of the Colonial Williamsburg look to the American public as interest in the Colonial Revival exploded in interior decorating and gardening culture. In the
Colonial Williamsburg of today, her influence can still be seen in the live and dried fruit and flower arrangements that so beautifully decorate the town at Christmas time as well as in the funny fingered posy holders still available for purchase in Colonial Williamsburg’s stores.
2
�VOLUNTEER TEAM CELEBRATES SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS
Front desk volunteers who assist with the black and white photograph collection box/folder list project hold up a sign indicating
the total number of lists completed as of February 2020. Pictured are, left to right: Wayne Smith, Loretta Fetsko, Marcia Long,
Nancy Marley, Becky Michaels, Hope Yelich, Dennis Branden, and Debbie Gurcsik.
Since 2017, a dedicated team of volunteers who fill shifts at the Rockefeller Library’s front desk, along with several more volunteers in Special Collections, have worked diligently on a massive project to complete box and folder inventories for the library’s
analog black and white photograph collection. The images encompass museum and library objects and exhibits, archaeological
artifacts and excavations, architecture and architectural fragments, costumed interpretation and Historic Area programs, special
events, distinguished visitors, and Colonial Williamsburg personnel. They range in date from the late 19th-century through the
early 1990s and fill five hundred twenty-one boxes housed in an archival storage area on the library’s top floor.
Each volunteer is assigned a box and prepares a detailed item level inventory list of the contents of each folder within
the box. The lists are then copied into a database record and the database allows a staff member to search across multiple box
inventories to locate all relevant photos on a topic. Printed lists within the folders also aid staff when looking through boxes and
will eventually allow for easy digitization of portions of the collection, as they can be taken to the cold storage vault housed in
Media Collections and used to guide retrieval of corresponding negatives. A future goal may also be to convert the lists to Encoded Archival Description (EAD) format and post them on the Virginia Heritage site with other finding aids for the library’s collections.
Each month the volunteer team completes an average of two to three boxes and an average of ninety-five folder lists. At
the library’s Twelfth Night Party, held to recognize volunteer contributions, they proudly celebrated the achievement of completing, as a team, a total of 2,447 box lists since beginning in 2017. The project is a testament to the progress that can be made
with volunteer manpower and the Rockefeller Library truly appreciates their dedication and diligence.
3
�COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG FOUNDATION PUBLICATIONS ONLINE
The library has started a project to digitize and make available online a variety of internal publications created by Colonial Williamsburg staff over the years. We have chosen to prioritize those that will be of the greatest research use to employees, namely
the Becoming Americans interpretive series and the Colonial Williamsburg Interpreter and its associated publications created to
answer questions for front line interpretive staff. Others chosen thus far are newsletters that contain a good deal of historical and/
or departmental information that are interesting to both employees and fans of Colonial Williamsburg. Some of the newsletters
seem to have been widely circulated both within and without Colonial Williamsburg (for example, AAIP’s newsletter Broken
Chains). Others like The Drummer’s Assistant are quite rare; in fact library staff had to borrow hard copies of the publication from
the Fife and Drum departmental library— they own the only set that could be located.
As you browse the collections, you will notice that the library did not always have a full set of the newsletters that were
published. We welcome the donation of any issues that fill in gaps in our holdings; alternatively, we would be happy to borrow any
in your possession to scan and return to you.
Digitizing publications will be an ongoing project and additional publications will be added to the site as time allows.
Please explore these digitized publications at your leisure at the following link: https://cwfpublications.omeka.net/
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation publications now available online.
4
�CHANGES FOR FELICITY
Over the past few months many have seen me
behind the circulation desk and have asked, “What
are you doing back there?” Well, I’ve moved! I
started my journey as a server at Shield’s Tavern
back in 2010. In 2016, I moved into a full-time
American Indian Interpreter position. Now I find
myself, in school, and at home within the echoing
halls of the Rockefeller Library as a Library and
Archival Assistant.
“What is that? What do you do?” I’ll
spare you my job description and simply say that I
help the librarians, archivists, and digital media
staff with many time-consuming projects. Some
days you’ll find me in the cold box filing negatives
and slides. Other days you may see me processing
a book binding order. Another day may be spent
digitizing records for use by staff across the foundation. The tasks vary and the learning is endless.
I have recently received conservation and
preservation training from Museums, Preservation, and Historic Resources colleagues Pam Young
and Petrina Copes as our Rare Book collection is in
need of protection. Our rare books will soon find
themselves safe and snug within custom made
enclosures. There are only a few hundred to make
so this project may take a while.
I am also thankful to continue to have the
opportunity to work with colleagues in the Historic
Area. Carol Couture recently brought in a donation
of Native American children’s books. This donation
has matured from a small donation to a larger donation to a reassessment of some of the children’s
books within our Janice McCoy Memorial Collection for Youth. Carol’s many years of teaching experience and knowledge are an invaluable addition to this project. Thank you, Carol!
When I am not learning on the job, I’m
studying at home. I am currently enrolled in classes through the Colonial Williamsburg and Thomas
Nelson Community College partnership. I hope to
end my schooling
Felicity Meza-Luna, in the Paper Conservation Lab, at work on a document from the Corporate Archives.
journey with my Master’s in Library and Information Science. While I
spend my days assisting the staff here, they are also helping me learn in
the process. That’s what libraries are all about, learning.
So next time you see me behind the circulation desk, or zooming
about in general, feel free to ask me for help. If I can’t help, someone else
can and we’ll get to learn and help each other.
5
�MICROFILM ROOM
Marianne Martin, Visual Resources Librarian, assists Amy Watson, Publications and Production Editor, in the operation
of a digital microfilm reader.
Visitors to the Library will notice that our microfilm research room has been newly remodeled and outfitted with two state-ofthe-art digital microfilm scanners. The purchase of the units was made possible by a very generous donor and have allowed outdated microfilm units to be replaced.
Microfilm can be a daunting task for even the most experienced researcher. These powerful new tools make viewing
microfilm a much easier process, allowing researchers to sharpen, resize, enlarge, and crop digital images on the fly. The units
also help streamline the browsing and saving processes. The system’s software allows images to be enhanced, making previously problematic images much more legible. Once created, images can be saved in various formats and sent to multiple locations
including, email, OneDrive, Dropbox, or USB. If needed, images can also be sent to a nearby network printer.
The library maintains a rich and varied microfilm collection for the benefit of staff and visiting researchers. While most
of this collection can be accessed through our online catalog (https://research.history.org/library/), some of the microfilm holdings have yet to be cataloged. Researchers are encouraged to contact the Library at 757-565-8510 or 757-220-7249 or email
rocklibrary@cwf.org for additional information.
6
�MICROFILM ROOM
(continued)
Our much improved microfilm room gets more use than this image implies.
ROCKEFELLER LIBRARY and HISTORICAL RESEARCH ON FACEBOOK
The Rockefeller Library and Historical Research was recently added as a group on the official Colonial Williamsburg Facebook
page. We are so excited to have a social media presence again! Our weekly posts will feature content from the Library’s varied
collections including recent acquisitions, exhibitions announcements and highlights, research resources and opportunities, and
educational programming related to the Library’s collections. We will also post about research from the Historical Research department in their subject specialty areas of Virginia in the American Revolution, slavery and unfree labor, women’s history, gender and sexual diversity in the 18th century (LGBTQAI+), waiting men, digital history, 18th century law, and etiquette and deportment. There will also be recurring features like “Image of the Week” and “Rockefeller Recommendations.” Want to be a member? Just go to https://www.facebook.com/groups/RockefellerLibrary or go to the official Colonial Williamsburg FB page and look
for us under the ‘groups’ tab and ask to join our group. We’ll see you online!
7
�BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF THE CAPITOL
Drone photography of the Capitol’s south façade captured by library volunteer Wayne Reynolds.
Last June you may remember that Library volunteer photographer Wayne Reynolds photographed aerial views of the Governor’s
Palace with his drone. The resulting images were rich in blue sky and green vegetation. What a difference roughly half a year
makes! This past January Wayne and I set out with his drone to photograph the Capitol and surrounding grounds. As we all
know, weather in January is quite different than the weather in June – especially in Virginia. If there is no snow then there is definitely rain. Lots of rain. We shot the Capitol the day after a cold winter rain had soaked the area. While you can see how wet it is
– the winter weather also removed all the leaves from the trees providing us with an unobstructed view of the building itself.
Not only were we able to clearly capture all angles of the Capitol but also views west down Duke of Gloucester Street and aerial
views of the William Finnie House and surrounding buildings on Francis Street. Wayne also managed to nab a selfie of us with
Burke Humphries from the Security and Safety department. Burke is always with us on drone shoots to ensure the safety of
guests, employees and buildings while the drone is flying. We’re planning on reshooting the Capitol when the leaves begin to
bud so we can compare winter with spring. Until then, however, we’ll still keep Wayne’s drone busy to provide us with even
more bird’s eye views of the Historic Area.
8
�BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF THE CAPITOL
(continued)
Drone photography of buildings along Francis Street, including Bassett Hall by library volunteer Wayne Reynolds.
The drone team: Burke Humphries, Wayne Reynolds, Tracey Gulden.
Photograph by Wayne Reynolds.
9
�NEW ACQUISITION: Q. WILSON HODGES PRE-RESTORATION PHOTO COLLECTION
View looking west down Duke of Gloucester Street from the site of the Capitol, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1904-1905.
The Visual Resources Collection, located within Special Collections, received a donation of twenty pre-restoration -era photographs of Williamsburg, Jamestown, and Yorktown thanks to the generosity of Susan Hodges Hilliard. Dating to circa 1904-1905
and possibly taken by or collected by Q. Wilson Hodges, a family member who attended the College of William & Mary and resided at the Theta Delta Chi fraternity house.
Among the photos documenting historic structures in Williamsburg are the Powder Magazine, the George Wythe House,
Bruton Parish Church, the Wren Building, the Brafferton Building, and the President’s House. A view looking west down Duke of
Gloucester Street from the Capitol site shows the exposed foundations of the structure as excavated by the Association for the
Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) after their acquisition of the property in 1897. The monument erected in 1904 to commemorate members of the House of Burgesses who formed associations against the importation of British goods is visible at the
center of the photo.
10
�Q. WILSON HODGES PRE-RESTORATION PHOTO COLLECTION
(continued)
Another intriguing photograph captures the crenellated brick building next to the Thomas Everard House that served as a law
office. It was torn down in the early 1950s when restoration work progressed to the Everard property. Located on the north side
of the Everard House on Palace Green, the small outbuilding resembling a castle became a distinctive landmark when Misses
Estelle and Cora Smith opened the house to boarders in the early twentieth century. The collection also includes images of the
ruins of the church tower and Ambler House on Jamestown Island and Grace Episcopal Church and the Moore House in Yorktown.
The Rockefeller Library is always interested in obtaining photographs, slides, postcards, drawings, and albums relating to Williamsburg to augment its internal visual archives. Please contact us at specoll@cwf.org if you would like to discuss a possible
donation.
Thomas Everard Office, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1904-1905.
11
�STATISTICALLY SPEAKING
12
�2019 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT GRANT AWARDEES
Christopher Hartman, Theatrical Performer
Amber Staker, Business Analyst
Presented an interpretation at the National Gathering for the
Coalition of Historical Trekkers.
Subscription to Data Reporting Enhancement and Visualization learning resource.
Aubrey Moog, Apprentice Weaver
John Welch, Apprentice Shoemaker
One-Week Weaving Intensive at Marshfield School of Weaving.
Research Trip to New England Shoe Collections.
Hunter Cridlin, Apprentice Masonry Trades
Tyler Wilson, Foodways Apprentice
18th Century Architecture of Annapolis and the Eastern Shore
with all four Brickmakers.
Attendance at 2019 SEALHFAM Conference Historic Arkansas
Museum in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Bryan Austin, Nation Builder James Madison
Rebecca Starkins, Apprentice Milliner and Mantua-Maker
Writing and storytelling workshops .
Clothing research trip in four northeastern museum collections.
Michael Romero, Orientation/Sites Interpreter
Online Celestial Navigation Course and Certification.
Mary Carter, Nation Builder Aggy of Turkey Island
Attendance at the Association of African American Museums
(AAAM) annual conference in Jackson, MS.
Daniel Cross, Nation Builder young George Washington
Horseback Refresher Lessons, and tour of sites of George
Washington’s Fort Necessity and Braddock Campaigns of 1754
and 1755.
Elyse Bennett, Groups Interpreter
Attendance at 2019 SEALHFAM Conference Historic Arkansas
Museum in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Amber Staker, Business Analyst
Subscription to Data Reporting Enhancement and Visualization
learning resource.
Katherine Tolson, Orientation Interpreter
Introduction to Woodcuts Class at the Virginia Museum of
Fine Arts by Dennis Winston.
The John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library Newsletter is a publication of Colonial Williamsburg’s John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
Vice President, Education, Research, and Historic Interpretation
Beth Kelly
Executive Director, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library
Carl Childs
Editor
Doug Mayo
Contributors
Carl Childs, Tracey Gulden, Peter Inker, Marianne Martin,
Felicity Meza-Luna, Sarah Nerney and Melissa Schutt
To learn how you can help or for assistance, please call 757-220-7249; 757-565-8510 or email us at rocklibrary@cwf.org.
13
�
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Text
Colonial Williamsburg Archaeological Reports
A Phase I Archaeological Assessment
of 504 S. England St. Williamsburg
Virginia, Block 45 Site AA
Eric Schweickart
The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Department of Archaeology
P.O. Box 1776
Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-1776
March 2020
��A Phase I Archaeological Assessment
of 504 S. England St. Williamsburg
Virginia, Block 45 Site AA
By
Eric Schweickart
The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Department of Archaeology
P.O. Box 1776
Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-1776
March 2020
i
�ii
�Management Summary
On Monday January 13th, 2020 the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Department of
Archaeology agreed to perform a phase I survey of the 504 S. England Street property in
Williamsburg, Virginia at the request of the Colonial Williamsburg Division of Finance. We
recommended the survey prior to the sale of the lot in accordance with the Colonial
Williamsburg Foundation’s Guidelines for Archaeological Preservation.
The field work was accomplished on January 30th and 31st 2020 by a crew of
archaeologists under the direction of Staff Archaeologist Eric Schweickart. The project area is
located within the boundaries of the Tazewell Hall property, a large estate constructed in the
early 1760s on the outskirts of Williamsburg which was continuously occupied until 1906.
Revolutionary War-era maps indicate that the project area may lay within the enclosed formal
gardens which were constructed by John Randolph and/or John Tazewell in the 18 th century. The
phase I investigation sought to determine the parcel’s potential for containing significant
archaeological resources.
The shovel test pit survey identified a light scatter of late 18 th- and early 19th-century
artifacts, as well as two 18th or early 19th century planting features, confirming that the parcel
was within the bounds of Tazewell Hall’s enclosed formal garden. Moreover, we found that the
archaeological deposits within this lot were remarkably intact despite the 20 th century
development of the lot. Therefore, we recommend that a Phase II archaeological field study be
conducted prior to the development of the lot to mitigate the destruction of significant
archaeological resource.
iii
�Contents
Figures ......................................................................................................................................................... iv
Chapter 1: Introduction and Project Description .......................................................................................... 1
Chapter 2: Historic Context .......................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 3: Research Design and Methods .................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 4: Results and Recommendations.................................................................................................... 8
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 15
Appendix A: Archaeological Conservation Report .................................................................................... 17
Appendix B: Artifact Inventory .................................................................................................................. 18
Figures
Figure 1: Satellite imagery of project area. Project area boundaries marked in red. .................................... 1
Figure 2: Tazewell Hall property as depicted on the Frenchman’s Map (left) and Desandrouins Map
(right). ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 3: 1906 plat map of the Colonial Extension subdivision (Edmonds 1906: 4). Block 8 Lot 1 marked
with red arrow. .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Figure 4: 1927 arial photo of Williamsburg, Virginia. Project area boundaries marked in red. ................... 5
Figure 5: 20th century building footprints based on 1939 fire insurance map. Test unit locations marked
with gray squares. ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 6: Photo of Jerome Casey House (Block 45, Building 27) prior to demolition. Image courtesy of
Bo Parrish. .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 7: Excavation plan of site 45AA........................................................................................................ 7
Figure 9: Typical soil profile. ....................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 10: Harris matrix of master contexts at site 45AA. ........................................................................... 9
Figure 11: Profile maps of the shallow planting features in TU 7 (left) and TU 8 (right). Each layer is
labeled with its context number. ................................................................................................................. 11
Figure 12: Plan view photos of shallow planting features in TU 7 (left) and TU 8 (right)......................... 11
Figure 13: Distribution map of 18th and early 19th century artifacts found at site 45AA. ........................... 12
Figure 14: Copper alloy book clasp (top) and button (bottom) from the mid-late 19th century. ................. 13
iv
�Chapter 1: Introduction and Project Description
On January 30th 2020, archaeologists from the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s
Department of Archaeology conducted a Phase I survey of a lot at 504 S. England Street prior to
its sale. The project area consists of lot 1 on Block 8 of the Colonial Extension Subdivision, as
depicted on the September 1906 survey conducted by A. Braxton Edmonds (1906: 4). This 50 ft.
north-south by 130 ft. east-west rectangular lot is bounded by Williamsburg Avenue to the north,
South England Street to the east, lot 2 on the south and lot 5 on the west (Figure 1). The survey
was completed in two days.
Figure 1: Satellite imagery of project area. Project area boundaries marked in red.
Excavations were recommended based on the proximity of the property to the original
location of Tazewell Hall, a large manor house and grounds constructed on the southern margins
of Williamsburg in the mid-18th century, and the lack of previous archaeological excavations in
the area. The project area is located approximately 600 feet south of the original location of
Tazewell Hall. The purpose of the survey was to identify if any archaeological resources are
present within the project area in order to make recommendations regarding the mitigation
required to prevent the destruction of significant historic resources should the property be
developed by any future owners.
The excavation was conducted by the CWF Department of Archaeology’s field crew
under the direct supervision of Staff Archaeologist Eric Schweickart and the general supervision
of Director of Archaeology Jack Gary. GIS Analyst Aaron Lovejoy helped lay in survey markers
1
�and create the ArcGIS geodatabase for the project. Artifact cataloging was performed by
Archaeological Technician Melissa Money and Archaeological Conservator Kate McEnroe
conserved and stabilized artifacts. All field notes, context records, drawings, and artifacts are
held at the Archaeological Collections Building, 303 North Botetourt Street, Williamsburg,
Virginia.
The project area is located on a relatively flat piece of land, about 20 meters above sea
level, between two drainage gullies on the Windsor Formation, an unconsolidated marine terrace
deposited in the lower Pleistocene or upper Pliocene (Virginia Division of Mineral Resources
2003). The soil in this area is categorized as part of the Slagle deposit, a fine-loamy, siliceous,
subactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults (United States Department of Agriculture 2011). This type
of soil is moderately well drained and ideal for agriculture (Hodges et al. 1985). Currently, the
majority of the property is open grassy lawn, though a moderately sized magnolia (Magnolia sp.)
tree is located about halfway along the northern boundary of the property and another moderately
sized tree is located in the northwest corner of the lot. Additionally, a 7-10 ft. strip of shrubs and
bushes have been maintained along the southern boundary of the project area.
The average temperature of Williamsburg varies between 41⁰ F in the winter and 76⁰ F in
the summer. The average daily minimum in 30⁰ in the winter and the average daily maximum is
87⁰ in the summer. Williamsburg receives an average of 47 inches of precipitation annually, 55%
of which falls between April and September. On average, the sun shines about 70% of days and
the prevailing wind is from the southwest (Hodges et al. 1985).
Chapter 2: Historic Context
The project area is first mentioned in the documentary record in 1758, when Peyton
Randolph deeded to his brother, John Randolph:
90 acres, more or less, bounded as follows, on the North by a street called ___________
in the city of Williamsburg, East by the line of Philip Johnson, Esq. West by the bottom
running from Mr. Powers' spring, including the whole bottom, and on the South by Mrs.
Custis's Mill Pond (Southall Papers 1771).
Peyton likely inherited this land from his father, Sir John Randolph, a wealthy planter who
owned significant amounts of property in and around Williamsburg in the early 18 th century
(Stephenson 1946). The architectural, documentary and archaeological data all agree that neither
Peyton nor his father developed the 90-acre tract during their ownership of the land, but John
Randolph constructed a large manor house on it sometime between 1758 and 1762 (Samford et
al. 1986). John Randolph, like his brother, was an important man in Virginia politics. After
studying law in England, he returned to Virginia where he became a prominent attorney in
Williamsburg. Randolph sat on Williamsburg’s common council, was a Burgess at William and
Mary, and finally was appointed Attorney General of the Virginia Colony just prior to the
American Revolution (Stephenson 1946). Randolph’s loyalist leanings lead him to flee the
colony with his family in 1775.
2
�John Randolph was an ardent gardener, going so far as to write a book on the matter, A
Treatise on Gardening by A Citizen of Virginia, while in residence at Tazewell Hall. Both the
Frenchman’s Map and the Desandrouins Map (Figure 2) depict a large enclosed area to the south
of Randolph’s manor house which were likely the location of his extensive gardens.
Archaeological excavations conducted in 1985 directly south of the manner house uncovered a
series of planting holes, garden beds, ditches, fencelines and pathways which were located within
this enclosure (Samford et al. 1986). Both maps indicate the presence of at least one small
outbuilding in the southern portion of the enclosure near the head of a small ravine. While
neither map is very precise, the area of impact could be either within the enclosed area or near
the small outbuilding.
Figure 2: Tazewell Hall property as depicted on the Frenchman’s Map (left) and Desandrouins Map (right).
Peyton Randolph sold the property to John Tazewell after his brother fled to England.
John Tazewell was also a wealthy and influential attorney, with the wealth and influence
necessary to maintain the large house and grounds Randolph built. The property was held, intact,
by the Tazewell family for the next 50 years, though after Littleton Tazewell’s death in 1820 it
was only occupied by overseers and enslaved laborers (Stephenson 1946). Many of the garden
features identified by the archaeological excavations in 1986 dated to the early 19 th century,
suggesting that the gardens south of the house were maintained throughout the Tazewell’s
ownership of the property (Samford et al. 1986).
In 1835 William Tazewell sold the property to Alexander Dickie Galt, the superintendent
of the Eastern State Hospital. Galt made significant changes to both the manor house and the
surrounding formal grounds. It is not clear what gardens, if any, Galt maintained south of
Tazewell Hall. After Galt died in 1841, the property passed between a number of landowners
over the course of the second half of the 19th century (Samford et al. 1986). While oral history
3
�indicates that gardens were maintained to the south of the structure, a landscape of Williamsburg
from the south, drawn by an inmate of the Eastern State Hospital around the Civil War, shows
much of the area south of Tazewell Hall itself as plowed fields. Thus, the project area was likely
in the center of an agricultural field from as early as 1835 through 1906, when the property was
purchased by the Colonial Extension Company, Inc. and subdivided into individual lots (Figure
3).
Figure 3: 1906 plat map of the Colonial Extension subdivision (Edmonds 1906: 4). Block 8 Lot 1 marked with red arrow.
Following the sale of the property in 1906, Tazewell Hall was moved aside, England
Street was extended, and the property was divided into several blocks. While not every block
which was laid out was constructed, the entirety of Block 8 was jointly purchased by William A.
Bozarth and Charles Person in 1907 (James City Deeds and Land Records (JCDLR) 1907).
Neither Bozarth or Person lived on block 8, Bozarth built a house on block 5 of the Colonial
Extension and Person lived on Duke of Gloucester Street. Therefore, lot 1 on block 8 was likely
not developed until 1918 when it was purchased by Beverley Steel (JCDLR 1918). Beverly Steel
was born in Tazewell, Virginia in 1886. In 1910 he lived in Mercer, West Virginia where he
worked as a fireman for the railroads and met Ruby K. Little his future wife (United States
Federal Census 1910). In 1918 he moved to Williamsburg, married Ruby, and purchased Lot 1.
By 1920 he sold hardware and had two children, Brock and Betty (United States Federal Census
4
�1920). A 1927 aerial photograph of the property (Figure 4), taken a year before the Steel family
sold the lot to Jerome and Yancy Casey, shows a fairly large structure fronting on England street,
a small garage structure in the northwest corner of the lot, and a driveway extending from
Williamsburg Avenue south into the center of the lot. A Sanborn fire insurance map, drawn in
1939, indicates that the house had a footprint of about 1,140 square feet and the garage had a
footprint of around 340 square feet (Figure 5).
Figure 4: 1927 arial photo of Williamsburg, Virginia. Project area boundaries marked in red.
In 1929, 13 months after purchasing the property, Jerome Casey sold the lot and house to
the Williamsburg Holding Corporation (JCDLR 1929). The Jerome Casey house (block 45
building 27) was rented out by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation until 1974 when a couple
purchased the life rights to the house. A photograph taken around this time shows that the house
was two stories with a one-story addition on the west and a porch on the front (Figure 6). CWF
demolished the house and garage in 1991 after buying out the life right to the lot, leaving the
property as a flat, grassy yard containing a few trees.
5
�Figure 5: 20th century building footprints based on 1939 fire insurance map. Test unit locations marked with gray squares.
Figure 6: Photo of Jerome Casey House (Block 45, Building 27) prior to demolition. Image courtesy of Bo Parrish.
6
�Chapter 3: Research Design and Methods
This survey consisted of 8 50 cm square test units excavated at an interval of 10 meters
apart (Figure 7). The northwest corner of each test unit was shot in with a total station, with the
rest of the corners located using measuring tapes. Two test units (1 and 5) were offset away from
the base of the large trees and assigned new coordinates. Each test unit was excavated
stratigraphically, and all soil was screened through 1/4” hardware mesh and artifacts were
separated by context. All strata were assigned a unique context number. Detailed descriptions of
the stratigraphy were recorded, including soil thickness, soil type and soil color for each unit. A
cover sheet was created for each test unit listing all of the context numbers assigned to the test
unit, a short description of each layer, and excavator’s notes describing what was found in each
test unit. Each test unit was excavated to clay subsoil or until further excavation was impeded by
roots. A split-spoon auger was driven into the base of each test unit to ensure that subsoil was
reached.
Figure 7: Excavation plan of site 45AA.
Once sterile subsoil was revealed at the bottom of the STP a photograph was taken
labeled “BASE”. At least one scale map of a wall profile of each test unit was drawn and a
profile map of each feature was drawn. If a potential feature was revealed, a photograph labeled
with the context number of the feature was taken at the top of the feature. Photos were
downloaded in RAW format from the camera, blurry or mislabeled photographs were deleted,
and the rest re-named 45AA_(unique ID #). A photo log was created, recording the photo name,
site, context number, date, shot type, photo board, direction, image subject, description, notes,
photographer, and camera.
7
�Soil samples were labeled with the context number, site, test unit number, northing and
easting, sample type, excavator, and excavation date, both on the bag and on a piece of flagging
tape which was placed inside the bag. The bag of artifacts from each completed context were
recorded on the bag log and checked into the lab at the end of the project. Most artifacts were
washed with water and soft toothbrushes to remove any remaining soil and placed in drying
racks to dry. Once dry, artifacts were sorted into groups by artifact type, a new bag was created
for each group and labeled with the context number, and all the bags were placed back into the
overall context bag. Each group of artifacts were cataloged separately into the CWF Department
of Archaeology’s E-Museum (EMu) database and given an additional identifier (beginning with AA, then -AB, etc.) which was appended onto the context number. Finally, a label containing the
full context number of each artifact group was placed inside the bag. Data from each context
record written in the field was entered into the EMu database and linked to the artifact data.
Objects requiring special handling, such as ferrous objects which do not appear to be
nails and copper-alloy artifacts, were identified during cataloging and separated from the rest of
their context in the lab to be sent on for conservation. Ferrous objects were x-rayed by the
archaeological conservator and the x-ray film was saved as a record of the object.
Chapter 4: Results and Recommendations
Results
The 35 separate contexts encountered within the 8 test units were classified into 10
master contexts, each representing a depositional event (Table 1). In general, each test unit
encountered one or more layers associated with the post 1906 development of the lot (MC# 1-6),
a layer of 19th century plowzone (MC# 7), which typically capped a transition to subsoil (MC#
10) but in some units sealed late 18th/early 19th century layers and features (MC# 8-9). The north
wall profile of TU 4 (Figure 9) represents a typical stratigraphic progression. A Harris matrix of
these master contexts (Figure 10) represents their temporal relationship to one another.
Table 1
Master
Context #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Description
Topsoil
Gravel Driveway Fill
Destruction Fill
20th C. Midden
Ash Pit
Brick Rubble
19th Century Plowzone
Buried Horizon
Shallow Features
Transition to Subsoil
Contexts
01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 07, 08, 24
13
09, 10, 12, 14
21
23
18
11, 16, 19, 20, 22, 25, 30
27
26, 33, 34
15, 17, 28, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36
8
TPQ
1954
1946
1930
1925
1903
1885
1885
N/A
N/A
1775
�Figure 8: Typical soil profile.
Figure 9: Harris matrix of master contexts at site 45AA.
9
�Master Context (MC) 1 consisted of a thin (5-10 cm) layer of dark brown loamy topsoil
which was found in every test unit across the site. MC 2, gravel driveway fill, was only found in
TU 2 and consists of a roughly 10 cm thick layer of olive brown silt loam with pea gravel
inclusions which increased with depth. MC 3 was found in the four easternmost units of the site
(TU 3, 4, 7, 8) in and around the area of the 20th century house and represents a deposit of fill
associated with demolition activities in the late 20th century. This layer is between 15-20 cm
thick and consists of olive brown silty loam with pockets of sand. In TU 8 this layer included a
strip of redeposited clay potentially associated with the foundation of the Jerome Casey house.
MC 4 is a 4-5 cm thick deposit of very dark greyish brown silt loam with coal and gravel
inclusions found exclusively in TU 5. The large number of early 20 th century artifacts associated
with this layer indicate that it is likely a sheet midden associated with the Person family or later
tenants. MC 5 consists of compacted very dark brown fill with ash and coal inclusions in a bowlshaped feature identified in the northeast corner of TU 5. This deposit appears to be associated
with the sheet midden which seals it. MC 6 consists of a layer of machine-made brick rubble
found in TU 7. While some marl was found in this layer, the lack of mortar suggests that these
bricks were associated with a paving rather than a structural foundation.
MC 7 consists of a light olive brown silty loam plowzone which was identified in every
unit other than TU 1 (which was stopped due to extensive root disturbances). In most units the
plowzone was only about 12-15 cm thick, but in TU 5 and 7 it was about 20-25 cm thick. MC 8
consisted of a 9 cm thick layer of olive brown silty loam mottled with pale brown silty sand. The
occasional brick flecking suggests that this layer represents a historic deposit, either a layer or a
feature, deep enough that the plow did not disturb it. MC 9 consisted of two shallow features
cutting into MC 10, one in TU 7 and one in TU 8 (Figure 11). Both features contained brick
inclusions, indicating that they were deposited after English colonization, but contained no other
artifacts, suggesting that they were filled early in the site’s occupation. The feature in TU 7
(context 45AA-00033) was circular in plan, about 3 cm deep, and was filled with an orange
sandy loam with brick and charcoal fragment inclusions (Figure 12). The feature in TU 8 was
linear or rectangular in plan, about 5 cm deep, and filled with an olive brown silty loam with
brick and charcoal flecking inclusions (Figure 12).
10
�Figure 10: Profile maps of the shallow planting features in TU 7 (left) and TU 8 (right). Each layer is labeled with its context
number.
Figure 11: Plan view photos of shallow planting features in TU 7 (left) and TU 8 (right).
11
�Analysis and Recommendations
Figure 12: Distribution map of 18th and early 19th century artifacts found at site 45AA.
Most of the test units contained a light scatter of 18 th and early 19th century artifacts in the
19 century plowzone layer (MC 7) including: hand-wrought nails, English delftware,
creamware, Stafforshire red sandy ware, black basalt stoneware, and English brown (Fulham)
stoneware. These artifacts were likely associated with the Randolph and/or Tazewell occupations
of Tazewell Hall and may be related to the small outbuilding depicted in the southern portion of
the property on the Frenchman’s Map and the Desandrouins Map (Figure 2). While no
architectural features pre-dating 1906 were identified in this survey, a distribution map of 18 th
and early 19th century artifacts (Figure 13) shows a concentration around TU 3 and 7. TU 3
contained a roughly even mixture of 18th century ceramics (3 sherds) and handwrought nails (4
pieces), whereas TU 7 contained many more ceramics (13 sherds) than nails (1 nail). The greater
relative abundance of architectural material in TU 3 suggest that this unit was closer to the
footprint of a structure whereas the dominance of domestic material in TU 7 may indicate the
presence of a sheet midden.
th
Only a few of the artifacts recovered during the survey were likely deposited in the
period between 1835 and 1906, when the area was used primarily as a plowed agricultural field.
12
�However, two copper alloy objects were found in plowzone which were made during this time.
One is a gothic-revival, Chippendale-style openwork book clasp or furniture hinge with a leadalloy coating, a design which was most popular in the late 19 th century (see Appendix A). The
other is a three-piece button with a stamped “Federal Eagle” design, which were commonly worn
on the uniforms of Union soldiers during the Civil War (Figure 14). It is unclear why either of
these unusual objects would have been deposited in a field hundreds of feet south of the
Tazewell Hall structure.
Figure 13: Copper alloy book clasp (top) and button (bottom) from the mid-late 19th century.
The vast majority of the artifacts recovered during this survey are associated with the 20 th
century occupation of lot 1 in block 8 of the Colonial Extension subdivision. Interestingly, while
the documentary record indicates that the property was occupied until 1990, most of the objects
recovered archaeologically appear to date to the first few decades of the 20 th century. The 20th
century midden (MC 4) and ash pit feature (MC 5) in TU 5 both appear to date to the Steel
ownership of the lot (1918-1928) or perhaps slightly later. Very little archaeological material was
13
�recovered during this survey which was deposited during the CWF ownership of the lot (1929present).
While many artifacts were found in the fill of the ash pit feature in TU 5, demonstrating
that it was filled sometime after 1903, no artifacts (other than brick fragments) were identified
from either of the shallow features in TUs 7 or 8, making their date of deposition more
speculative. However, given their stratigraphic position below plowzone and their similarity to
planting features closer to the Tazewell Hall structure (Samford et al. 1986), it is most likely that
these are the remnants of the Randolph/Tazewell era garden/orchard. The concentration of 18 th
century artifacts, the planting features, and the layer of untouched soil below plowzone in TU 7,
indicate that significant archaeological resources associated with 18 th century Williamsburg are
still preserved on the lot at 504 South England Street. Therefore, we recommend that a Phase II
archaeological field study be conducted prior to the development of the lot to evaluate the ability
of archaeological resources to provide new information about Williamsburg’s past.
14
�Bibliography
Edmonds, A. Braxton
1906 Survey of the Colonial Extension Subdivision. Platbook 2: 4. James City County Circuit
Court Archives, James City County Courthouse, Williamsburg, VA.
Hodges, Robert, Ben Sabo, David McCloy, and Kent Staples
1985 Soil Survey of James City and York Counties, and the City of Williamsburg, Virginia.
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Washington, DC.
James City Deeds and Land Records (JCDLR)
1907 Block 8. Deed Book, 10: 475. James City County Circuit Court Archives, James City
County Courthouse, Williamsburg, VA.
1918 Lot 1, Block 8. Deed Book, 8: 50. James City County Circuit Court Archives, James City
County Courthouse, Williamsburg, VA.
1928 Lot 1, Block 8. Deed Book 13: 343. James City County Circuit Court Archives, James
City County Courthouse, Williamsburg, VA.
Samford, Patricia, Gregory Brown and Ann Smart
1986 Williamsburg Lodge Tazewell Wing Archaeological Report, Block 44-1 Building 3K.
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library Research Report
Series, No. 1301. Williamsburg, VA.
Southall Papers
1771 Legal Cases and Estates, James City County. Folders 164 and 182, Tazewell Hall Estate,
1771-1850. Special Collections, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg,
VA.
Stephenson, Mary
1946 House History for Tazewell Hall, Block 44. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Colonial
Williamsburg Foundation Library Research Report Series, No. 1300. Williamsburg, VA
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
2011 Slagle series soil description. <https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/
OSD_Docs/S/SLAGLE.html>. Accessed 29 January 2020.
United States Federal Census
1910 Bluefield Ward 2, Mercer, West Virginia. Roll: T624_1689: 6A. Records of the Bureau of
the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
15
�1920 Williamsburg, James City, Virginia. Roll: T625_1893: 11B. Records of the Bureau of the
Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
Virginia Division of Mineral Resources (VDMR)
2003 Digital Representation of the 1993 Geologic Map of Virginia, Publication 174. U. S.
Geological Service, Washington, DC.
16
�Appendix A: Archaeological Conservation Report
45AA – South England Street
Conservator: Kate McEnroe
Date Submitted: February 28, 2020
Summary
5 copper alloys were identified for treatment. 17 iron artifacts were selected for x-radiography
for identification; based on this information, no iron artifacts were selected for treatment.
Iron
17 iron artifacts were x-rayed. Based on the images, the fragment or artifact was identified or
recorded as an unidentified. No artifact was identified for treatment due to condition and/or
context. The iron artifacts were returned to ACB for cataloging and storage.
Copper Alloys
5 copper alloys were treated (Table 2). Before treatment images were taken, the surfaces were
cleaned mechanically with swabs, brushes, and skewers using ethanol as needed. Two artifacts
had corrosion products consistent with chloride contamination and were immersed in a corrosion
inhibitor solution for 24 hours. All were coated with an acrylic adhesive. After treatment images
were taken.
Table 2
Catalog #
45AA-00005-AL
45AA-00005-AM
45AA-00012-AY
45AA-00020-AQ
45AA-00020-AR
Object #
OBJ-45AA-00001
OBJ-45AA-00002
OBJ-45AA-00003
OBJ-45AA-00004
OBJ-45AA-00005
Description
Gasket
Unidentified
Fishing Weight
Book Clasp
Ammunition Cartridge
1 copper alloy (OBJ-45AA-00004) was analyzed using the portable XRF (x-ray fluorescence
spectrometer) to identify silver-colored metal visible on the surface. It was determined to be lead,
likely related to solder.
17
�Appendix B: Artifact Inventory
18
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00003
TPQ: 1885
Description: Topsoil
Based On: 45AA-00003-AA
45AA-00003-AA
1 Manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00003-AB
1 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
Context No.: 45AA-00005
TPQ: 1954
Description: Topsoil
Based On: 45AA-00005-AK
45AA-00005-AA
1 Porcellaneous, ceramic, indeterminate, painted overglaze,
polychrome
45AA-00005-AB
1 Ceramic, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00005-AC
1 Colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00005-AD
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate, applied
decoration, spanish red
45AA-00005-AE
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, container, indeterminate
45AA-00005-AF
1 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
45AA-00005-AG
4 Iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
45AA-00005-AH
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00005-AI
1 Iron alloy, sheet metal
45AA-00005-AJ
1 Iron alloy, washer, round
45AA-00005-AK
1 Copper alloy, washer, round
45AA-00005-AL
2 Copper alloy, gasket
45AA-00005-AM
1 Copper alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00005-AN
1 Rubber, processed, washer, indeterminate
OBJ-45AA-00002
Copper alloy, unidentified object
Context No.: 45AA-00007
TPQ: 1847
Description: Topsoil
Based On: 45AA-00007-AC
45AA-00007-AA
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00007-AB
1 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00007-AC
1 Ceramic, pipe, drainage (ceramic)
45AA-00007-AD
1 Coal
45AA-00007-AE
1 Unidentified inorganic, unidentified object, inorganic substance,
molded design
Monday, March 2, 2020
Page 1 of 11
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00009
TPQ: 1903
Description: 25Y 5/3 silt loam
Based On: 45AA-00009-AC
45AA-00009-AA
1 Pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted underglaze, blue
45AA-00009-AB
1 Whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, press molded, molded
design
45AA-00009-AC
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, container, indeterminate,
machine-made, embossed
45AA-00009-AD
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00009-AE
7 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00009-AF
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00009-AG
1 Iron alloy, sheet metal
Context No.: 45AA-00010
TPQ: 1905
Description: Olive Brown
Based On: 45AA-00010-AE
45AA-00010-AA
1 Colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate, copper wheel
engraving
45AA-00010-AB
2 Colorless non-leaded glass, table glass
45AA-00010-AC
2 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00010-AD
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00010-AE
1 Colored glass, bottle, beer or pop, machine-made, green
45AA-00010-AF
1 Glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
45AA-00010-AG
4 Glass, window glass
45AA-00010-AH
1 Iron alloy, nail, wire, roofing nail
45AA-00010-AI
2 Iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
45AA-00010-AJ
3 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00010-AK
1 Iron alloy, buckle, indeterminate, cast
45AA-00010-AL
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00010-AM
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00010-AN
1 Coal
Context No.: 45AA-00011
TPQ: 1805
Description: 2.5Y 5/4 Sandy Loam
Based On: 45AA-00011-AE
45AA-00011-AA
1 Pearlware, hollow form, transfer printed underglaze, blue
45AA-00011-AB
1 Pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00011-AC
1 Pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00011-AD
2 Glass, window glass
45AA-00011-AE
1 Iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machine-headed
Monday, March 2, 2020
Page 2 of 11
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00011
TPQ: 1805
Description: 2.5Y 5/4 Sandy Loam
Based On: 45AA-00011-AE
45AA-00011-AF
4 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00011-AG
1 Iron alloy, washer, round
45AA-00011-AH
1 Iron alloy, sheet metal
Context No.: 45AA-00012
TPQ: 1930
Description: Mottled fill and silt loam
Based On: 45AA-00012-BC
45AA-00012-AA
1 Creamware, hollow form, painted underglaze, other color
45AA-00012-AB
1 Pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, shell edge, painted overglaze,
green
45AA-00012-AC
1 Manganese solarized glass, tumbler, machine-made, molded
design
45AA-00012-AD
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, bottle, indeterminate, machine-made
45AA-00012-AE
2 Colorless non-leaded glass, container, indeterminate, press
molded, molded design
45AA-00012-AF
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, container, indeterminate,
machine-made
45AA-00012-AG
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, bottle, indeterminate, two piece mold
45AA-00012-AH
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00012-AI
1 Colored glass, glass, indeterminate, machine-made, green
45AA-00012-AJ
1 Glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
45AA-00012-AK
3 Glass, window glass
45AA-00012-AL
1 Iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches, clinched
45AA-00012-AM
2 Iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
45AA-00012-AN
1 Iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched, hand-headed
45AA-00012-AO
1 Iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
45AA-00012-AP
1 Iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched, machine-headed
45AA-00012-AQ
1 Iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches
45AA-00012-AR
8 Iron alloy, nail, wire, roofing nail
45AA-00012-AS
2 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches, clinched
45AA-00012-AT
4 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
45AA-00012-AU
1 Iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
45AA-00012-AV
13 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00012-AW
4 Iron alloy, sheet metal
45AA-00012-AX
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00012-AY
1 Copper alloy, weight, fishing, cast
45AA-00012-AZ
1 Brick, bricketage, machine-made
Monday, March 2, 2020
Page 3 of 11
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00012
TPQ: 1930
Description: Mottled fill and silt loam
Based On: 45AA-00012-BC
45AA-00012-BA
1 Graphite, pencil, graphite
45AA-00012-BB
1 Plastic, plastic, indeterminate, red
45AA-00012-BC
1 Asbestos, processed, unidentified object
OBJ-45AA-00003
Copper alloy, weight, fishing, cast
Context No.: 45AA-00013
TPQ: 1946
Description: mixed fill
Based On: 45AA-00013-AJ
45AA-00013-AA
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00013-AB
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, bottle, indeterminate, vented mold
45AA-00013-AC
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00013-AD
1 Colored glass, container, indeterminate, green
45AA-00013-AE
3 Colored glass, container, indeterminate, machine-made, green
45AA-00013-AF
4 Colored glass, container, indeterminate, green
45AA-00013-AG
1 Colored glass, container, indeterminate, machine-made, amber
45AA-00013-AH
2 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
45AA-00013-AI
3 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00013-AJ
1 Vinyl, tape, electrical, black
Context No.: 45AA-00014
TPQ: 1906
Description: Olive brown silty loam
Based On: 45AA-00014-AC
45AA-00014-AA
1 Refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic, indeterminate
45AA-00014-AB
1 Manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00014-AC
1 Graphite, battery core, graphite
45AA-00014-AD
1 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
45AA-00014-AE
1 Iron alloy, knife, table
Context No.: 45AA-00016
TPQ: 1905
Description: Compact sandy loam
Based On: 45AA-00016-AD
45AA-00016-AA
1 Whiteware, plate, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00016-AB
1 Colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00016-AC
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00016-AD
3 Colored glass, container, indeterminate, machine-made, amber
45AA-00016-AE
3 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
Monday, March 2, 2020
Page 4 of 11
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00016
TPQ: 1905
Description: Compact sandy loam
Based On: 45AA-00016-AD
45AA-00016-AF
7 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00016-AG
2 Iron alloy, snarge
45AA-00016-AH
1 Iron alloy, staple, wire
45AA-00016-AI
1 Iron alloy, sheet metal
Context No.: 45AA-00018
TPQ: 1885
Description: Brick rubble and Marl
Based On: 45AA-00018-AA
45AA-00018-AA
1 Manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00018-AB
1 Glass, window glass
45AA-00018-AC
6 Iron alloy, sheet metal
45AA-00018-AD
1 Oyster shell, shell (organic)
Context No.: 45AA-00019
TPQ: 1807
Description: Light olive brown silty loam
Based On: 45AA-00019-AF
45AA-00019-AA
1 English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00019-AB
1 Creamware, plate, press molded, bead and reel
45AA-00019-AC
1 Creamware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00019-AD
1 Creamware, ceramic, indeterminate, stamped
45AA-00019-AE
3 Creamware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00019-AF
1 Pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer printed underglaze,
stippled, blue
45AA-00019-AG
1 Pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, molded design
45AA-00019-AH
1 Pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00019-AI
1 Staffordshire red sandy ware, ceramic, indeterminate
45AA-00019-AJ
1 Black basalt, hollow form, engine-turned
45AA-00019-AK
1 English stoneware, indeterminate, hollow form, engine-turned
45AA-00019-AL
1 American brown stoneware, hollow form, undecorated
45AA-00019-AM
1 Colored glass, bottle, pharmaceutical, green
45AA-00019-AN
2 Colored glass, bottle, pharmaceutical, green
45AA-00019-AO
1 Glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
45AA-00019-AP
1 Glass, window glass
45AA-00019-AQ
1 Iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
45AA-00019-AR
45AA-00019-AS
Monday, March 2, 2020
11 Iron alloy, sheet metal
1 Bog iron
Page 5 of 11
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00019
TPQ: 1807
Description: Light olive brown silty loam
45AA-00019-AT
Based On: 45AA-00019-AF
2 Clam shell, shell (organic)
Context No.: 45AA-00020
TPQ: 1885
Description: Compact
Based On: 45AA-00020-AJ
45AA-00020-AA
1 English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00020-AB
1 Creamware, plate, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00020-AC
2 Creamware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00020-AD
1 Whiteware, hollow form, molded design
45AA-00020-AE
1 Whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, handled, undecorated
45AA-00020-AF
1 Whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00020-AG
45AA-00020-AH
45AA-00020-AI
17 Colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
3 Colorless non-leaded glass, table glass
43 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00020-AJ
1 Manganese solarized glass, jar, burst-off and ground
45AA-00020-AK
1 Manganese solarized glass, jar
45AA-00020-AL
1 Glass, window glass
45AA-00020-AM
3 Iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
45AA-00020-AN
2 Iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches
45AA-00020-AO
5 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00020-AP
2 Iron alloy, lid, indeterminate
45AA-00020-AQ
1 Copper alloy, hinge, book, cast, molded design
45AA-00020-AR
1 Copper alloy, cartridge case, center fire, cast
45AA-00020-AS
2 Slate, pencil, slate
45AA-00020-AT
1 Slate
45AA-00020-AU
1 Oyster shell, shell (organic)
OBJ-45AA-00004
Copper alloy, hinge, book, cast, molded design
OBJ-45AA-00005
Copper alloy, cartridge case, center fire, cast
Context No.: 45AA-00021
TPQ: 1925
Description: Gravel spread
Based On: 45AA-00021-AX
45AA-00021-AA
1 Creamware, ceramic, indeterminate
45AA-00021-AB
1 Whiteware, plate, gilded, gold
45AA-00021-AC
1 Porcellaneous, plate, indeterminate, undecorated, other color
45AA-00021-AD
2 Colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
Monday, March 2, 2020
Page 6 of 11
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00021
TPQ: 1925
Description: Gravel spread
Based On: 45AA-00021-AX
45AA-00021-AE
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00021-AF
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, container, indeterminate, embossed
45AA-00021-AG
4 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00021-AH
1 Colored glass, jar, machine-made, white
45AA-00021-AI
5 Colored glass, container, indeterminate, white
45AA-00021-AJ
1 Colored glass, bottle, pharmaceutical, two piece mold, amber
45AA-00021-AK
1 Colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
45AA-00021-AL
2 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches, clinched
45AA-00021-AM
2 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
45AA-00021-AN
2 Iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
45AA-00021-AO
45AA-00021-AP
10 Iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
1 Iron alloy, nail, wire, over 4 inches, clinched
45AA-00021-AQ
20 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00021-AR
1 Iron alloy, caster, indeterminate, cast
45AA-00021-AS
1 Iron alloy, hinge, indeterminate, cast
45AA-00021-AT
1 Iron alloy, hinge, box, cast
45AA-00021-AU
1 Iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
45AA-00021-AV
1 Iron alloy, nut, square, cast
45AA-00021-AW
1 Iron alloy, washer, round, cast
45AA-00021-AX
1 Iron alloy, zipper, clothing, cast
45AA-00021-AY
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00021-AZ
2 Iron alloy, sheet metal
45AA-00021-BA
1 Iron alloy, screw, gimlet point, less than 2 inches, cast
45AA-00021-BB
1 Iron alloy, screw, indeterminate, 2 to 4 inches, cast
45AA-00021-BC
1 Copper alloy, rivet, indeterminate, cast
45AA-00021-BD
1 Copper alloy, zipper, clothing, machine-made
45AA-00021-BE
1 Copper alloy, hook, curtain
45AA-00021-BF
1 Brick, bricketage
45AA-00021-BG
3 Ceramic, pipe, drainage (ceramic)
45AA-00021-BH
1 Charcoal
45AA-00021-BI
1 Slag or clinker
45AA-00021-BJ
1 Shale, stone, unmodified
45AA-00021-BK
1 Slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
45AA-00021-BL
3 Bone, faunal specimen
45AA-00021-BM
2 Clam shell, fossil
Monday, March 2, 2020
Page 7 of 11
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00022
TPQ: 1858
Description: Silty sandy loam
Based On: 45AA-00022-AG
45AA-00022-AA
1 Creamware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00022-AB
1 Pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00022-AC
1 Pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00022-AD
1 Fulham-type stoneware, hollow form, engobe
45AA-00022-AE
1 Iron alloy, tack, indeterminate
45AA-00022-AF
3 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00022-AG
1 Copper alloy, button, military, two piece, stamped design, molded
design
45AA-00022-AH
1 Oyster shell, shell (organic)
OBJ-45AA-00006
Copper alloy, button, military, two piece, stamped design, molded
design
Context No.: 45AA-00023
TPQ: 1903
Description: Ash deposit
Based On: 45AA-00023-AB
45AA-00023-AA
1 Porcellaneous, plate, indeterminate, pierced, painted overglaze,
pink
45AA-00023-AB
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, container, indeterminate, owen's
scar, molded design, embossed
45AA-00023-AC
1 Colorless non-leaded glass, container, indeterminate,
machine-made
45AA-00023-AD
2 Colorless non-leaded glass, container, indeterminate,
machine-made
45AA-00023-AE
1 Colored glass, container, indeterminate, machine-made, white
45AA-00023-AF
1 Iron alloy, nail, wire, roofing nail
45AA-00023-AG
2 Iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
45AA-00023-AH
2 Iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
45AA-00023-AI
15 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00023-AJ
1 Iron alloy, nut, square, machine-made
45AA-00023-AK
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00023-AL
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00023-AM
3 Iron alloy, bottle closure, crown cap
45AA-00023-AN
2 Slag or clinker
45AA-00023-AO
4 Charcoal
45AA-00023-AP
1 Wood
45AA-00023-AQ
1 Shale, stone, unmodified
Monday, March 2, 2020
Page 8 of 11
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00024
TPQ: 1885
Description: Topsoil
Based On: 45AA-00024-AA
45AA-00024-AA
1 Manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00024-AB
1 Glass, window glass
Context No.: 45AA-00025
TPQ: 1885
Description: Olive Brown sandy loam
Based On: 45AA-00025-AF
45AA-00025-AA
1 Whiteware, plate, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00025-AB
1 Chinese porcelain, saucer, painted underglaze, blue
45AA-00025-AC
1 Porcellaneous, ceramic, indeterminate, handled, press molded,
molded design
45AA-00025-AD
1 Porcellaneous, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00025-AE
2 Colorless non-leaded glass, bottle, indeterminate
45AA-00025-AF
1 Manganese solarized glass, bottle, indeterminate, embossed
45AA-00025-AG
1 Manganese solarized glass, jar
45AA-00025-AH
1 Manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00025-AI
1 Colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, brown
45AA-00025-AJ
9 Glass, window glass
45AA-00025-AK
5 Iron alloy, tack, indeterminate
45AA-00025-AL
5 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches, clinched
45AA-00025-AM
8 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
45AA-00025-AN
3 Iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
45AA-00025-AO
2 Iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
45AA-00025-AP
Iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machine-headed
45AA-00025-AQ
1 Iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
45AA-00025-AR
1 Iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machine-headed
45AA-00025-AS
2 Iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
45AA-00025-AT
33 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00025-AU
8 Iron alloy, sheet metal
45AA-00025-AV
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00025-AW
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00025-AX
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00025-AY
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00025-AZ
1 Iron alloy, unidentified object
45AA-00025-BA
1 Ceramic, flowerpot
45AA-00025-BB
1 Charcoal
45AA-00025-BC
2 Oyster shell, shell (organic)
Monday, March 2, 2020
Page 9 of 11
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00029
TPQ:
Description: Transition to Subsoil
Based On:
45AA-00029-AA
1 Glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
45AA-00029-AB
1 Iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
Context No.: 45AA-00030
TPQ: 1921
Description: Sandy loam with inclusions
Based On: 45AA-00030-AE
45AA-00030-AA
1 Whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, handled, press molded,
gilded, gold
45AA-00030-AB
1 Whiteware, plate, indeterminate, press molded, molded design
45AA-00030-AC
1 Whiteware, hollow form, press molded, molded design
45AA-00030-AD
2 Whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00030-AE
1 Japanese porcelain, doll part, other, press molded, molded
design, painted underglaze, pink
45AA-00030-AF
1 Japanese porcelain, doll part, painted underglaze, pink
45AA-00030-AG
1 Ceramic, flowerpot
45AA-00030-AH
1 Colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00030-AI
4 Colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00030-AJ
1 Manganese solarized glass, bottle, indeterminate
45AA-00030-AK
3 Manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
45AA-00030-AL
1 Colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
45AA-00030-AM
1 Colored glass, flat glass, sand blasted, green
45AA-00030-AN
1 Glass, window glass
45AA-00030-AO
18 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
45AA-00030-AP
1 Iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches, clinched
45AA-00030-AQ
1 Iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
45AA-00030-AR
2 Iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
45AA-00030-AS
3 Iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches, clinched
45AA-00030-AT
37 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
45AA-00030-AU
1 Copper alloy, rivet, indeterminate, cast
45AA-00030-AV
1 Brick, bricketage
45AA-00030-AW
1 Coal
45AA-00030-AX
1 Charcoal
45AA-00030-AY
1 Slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
45AA-00030-AZ
1 Shale, stone, unmodified
45AA-00030-BA
1 Bone, faunal specimen
OBJ-45AA-00007
Monday, March 2, 2020
Copper alloy, rivet, indeterminate, cast
Page 10 of 11
�Artifact Inventory
Artifact ID
#Pcs
Description
Context No.: 45AA-00032
TPQ: 1775
Description: Mottled Transition to Sub
Based On: 45AA-00032-AA
45AA-00032-AA
1 Pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
45AA-00032-AB
1 Iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
Monday, March 2, 2020
Page 11 of 11
�
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Research Reports
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An account of the resource
<p>A collection of research reports from throughout the Foundation's history are available through this webpage. All Colonial Williamsburg research reports, whether in digital or hardcopy format, are discoverable through the Rockefeller Library's online catalog. Their contents reflect the evolution of scholarship over the decades. Given the long period over which these reports have been written, reports sometimes contradict or correct previous thinking due to the discovery of new evidence. Researchers should consult the full range of reports on a particular topic to ensure a thorough understanding of the most current interpretation.</p>
<p>Types of reports include:</p>
<p>Archaeological reports describe archaeological excavations. Reports predating 1960 share only the results of cross-trenching, rather than comprehensive excavation results.</p>
<p>Architectural reports discuss restored and reconstructed buildings.<br />Historical reports (house histories) incorporate primary and secondary sources into the discussion of individual properties and structures.</p>
<p>Interpretive reports clarify the way in which key buildings should be presented to visitors by Colonial Williamsburg's historical interpreters.</p>
<p>Topical reports outline specific areas of interest in 18th-century research.</p>
<p>Other research reports are discoverable at the following website that also has a keyword searchable option: <a href="https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/DigitalLibrary/research-reports/">Research Reports.</a></p>
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A Phase I Archaeological Assessment of 504 S. England St. Williamsburg, Virginia Block 45 Site AA
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Schweickart, Eric
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
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2020-03
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Archaeology
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pdf
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Text
COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORTS
A PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL
ASSESSMENT OF THE RALEIGH
TAVERN BACK LOT, 17BD
Eric Schweickart
Jack Gary
Meredith Poole
Jack Gary
Principal Investigator
THE COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG FOUNDATION
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY
PO BOX 1776
WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA 23187-1776
JUNE 2020
��A Phase I Archaeological Assessment of
the Raleigh Tavern Back Lot, 17BD
By
Eric Schweickart
Jack Gary
Meredith Poole
The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Department of Archaeology
P.O. Box 1776
Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-1776
June 2020
i
�ii
�Management Summary
In March 2020 the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s Department of Archaeology
undertook a Phase I archaeological survey (17BD) of the Raleigh Tavern property, with a
particular focus on the back lot and outbuildings located north of the reconstructed Raleigh
Tavern structure (Building 17-6A). The survey involved a Ground Penetrating Radar scan as
well as the excavation of 29 small test units across the survey area. Approximately 6,050
artifacts were recovered from 131 separate contexts identified during this survey. The major
findings of this project are:
1) The entire lot is covered with a thick layer of fill which appears to be associated with the
Reconstruction. Landscape changes in the 20th century generally involve filling, rather
than cutting into the ground surface. Therefore, most of the modern disturbances of the
ground surface, including structure foundations, landscaping and utility line installation,
only cut into modern fill, minimalizing the impact of modern development on the
archaeological resources of the survey area.
2) These filling episodes capped natural topsoil across most of the survey area, leaving large
swaths of undisturbed layers and features dating to the 19th, 18th and possibly 17th
centuries. The depth of the fill in the SE and SW quadrants of the back lot prevented the
full exploration of these areas, but some intact stratigraphy was identified in both areas.
3) A large, tavern-era midden at least 10 meters long and of unknown width, filled with
oyster shell, animal bone, ceramics and tobacco pipes was identified in the northeastern
quadrant and may extend as far north as the Raleigh Tavern Laundry building.
4) Three 1930s trenches were identified, and it was confirmed that the entirety of all three
pier structures were excavated down to sterile subsoil. However, features cutting into
subsoil were identified in the base of the 1930s excavation, indicating that archaeological
data survives even in the areas which were trenched prior to the reconstruction.
5) A brick-rubble surface, apparently constructed in the late 19th century, was identified in
the courtyard between the Apollo room and the Kitchen. This surface sealed a series of
deposits and fills associated with the 18th and early 19th century use of this space. At
least one feature cutting subsoil was found in this area.
iii
�Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction and Project Description ............................................................................ 1
Environmental Setting ................................................................................................................ 1
Chapter 2: Historic Context ............................................................................................................ 4
Period I: Middle Plantation ......................................................................................................... 5
Period II: Private Residence........................................................................................................ 5
Period III: Local Establishment .................................................................................................. 6
Period IV: Raleigh Tavern .......................................................................................................... 7
Period V: Raleigh Tavern in Decline .......................................................................................... 9
Period VI: Old Raleigh ............................................................................................................. 11
Period VII: Lane Store .............................................................................................................. 13
Period VIII: Initial Reconstruction ........................................................................................... 13
Period IX: Modern Reconstruction ........................................................................................... 14
Chapter 3: Previous Archaeology ................................................................................................. 15
17BA: Initial Cross Trenching .................................................................................................. 15
17BB: Gas Line Monitoring ..................................................................................................... 19
17BC: Porch Excavation ........................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 4: Field and Lab Methods................................................................................................ 24
Chapter 5: Results and Recommendations ................................................................................... 28
Results ....................................................................................................................................... 28
GPR Survey .......................................................................................................................... 28
Test Pit Survey ...................................................................................................................... 28
Historical Topography .......................................................................................................... 47
Tavern-Era Land Use ............................................................................................................ 49
Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 53
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 55
iv
�Figures
Figure 1: Raleigh Tavern excavation plan. ..................................................................................... 2
Figure 2: Frenchman's Map of Williamsburg (1781). Raleigh Tavern lot outlined in blue. Arrow
marks location of tavern stable. ...................................................................................................... 9
Figure 3: 1815 fire insurance map of the Raleigh Tavern. ........................................................... 12
Figure 4: Map of previous archaeological excavations. ............................................................... 16
Figure 5: 1929 site map showing the location of brick foundation associated with the Raleigh
Tavern structure. ........................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 6: 1930 Ragland trenching field map. ............................................................................... 19
Figure 7: Feature 33 exposed in the profile of the gas line trench along Nicolson St. ................. 20
Figure 8: Field map of western portion of 2016 excavation showing the two episodes of porch
piers. .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 9: Photo of the eastern end of the 2016 excavation trench, showing the remains of the
early 18th century brick foundation sealing an earlier post hole, which cuts through the unlined
cellar fill. ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 10: Brick paving above marl layer. ................................................................................... 23
Figure 11: GPR timeslices. ........................................................................................................... 25
Figure 12: Location of test units at Raleigh Tavern site. .............................................................. 26
Figure 13: Raleigh Tavern survey Harris Matrix. ......................................................................... 30
Figure 14: 1929 Topographical map of the Raleigh Tavern lot.................................................... 32
Figure 15: Map of 20th century deposits with the difference between the elevation of the bottom
of construction fill and the estimated elevation on the 1929 topo map marked for each test unit.
....................................................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 16: Window glass thickness histogram from MC 12. ....................................................... 35
Figure 17: NW Quadrant excavation map. ................................................................................... 36
Figure 18: Typical stratigraphic profile in NW quadrant. ............................................................ 36
Figure 19: Distribution maps of 18th C. and 19th C. nails and ceramics in MC 8. ...................... 38
Figure 20: Window Glass thickness histogram from TU 8 and 9. ............................................... 39
Figure 21: Marked tobacco pipe fragments from feature fill in TU 1. ......................................... 39
Figure 22: NE quadrant excavation map. ..................................................................................... 41
Figure 23: Typical stratigraphic profile in NE quadrant. .............................................................. 41
Figure 24: SW quadrant excavation map. ..................................................................................... 44
Figure 25: Typical stratigraphic profile in SW quadrant. ............................................................. 44
Figure 26: SE quadrant excavation map. ...................................................................................... 45
Figure 27: Typical stratigraphic profile in SE quadrant. .............................................................. 45
Figure 28: Courtyard excavation map........................................................................................... 46
Figure 29: Typical stratigraphic profile in the Courtyard. ............................................................ 46
Figure 30: Brick paving at base of 20th C. fill in TU 28. ............................................................. 48
Figure 31: Long profile with historic ground surfaces marked. ................................................... 48
Figure 32: Tavern-era deposits. .................................................................................................... 50
Figure 33: Relative frequency of popular serving-ware ceramic sherds in the Raleigh Tavern
assemblage. ................................................................................................................................... 53
v
�Tables
Table 1: Phases of Occpation of the Raleigh Tavern Property. ...................................................... 4
Table 2: Master Contexts .............................................................................................................. 29
Table 3: Artifact counts from MC 8 by test unit........................................................................... 35
Table 4: Artifacts recovered from sheet midden........................................................................... 42
Table 5: Raleigh Tavern Artifact Assemblage.............................................................................. 51
Table 6: Raleigh Tavern Ceramic Assemblage. ........................................................................... 52
vi
�Chapter 1: Introduction and Project Description
From March 16-27 2020, archaeologists from the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s
Department of Archaeology conducted a survey of the Raleigh Tavern lot (colonial lot #54,
Block 17, Area B). The purpose of the excavation was to determine:
1) if any intact deposits of archaeological significance were preserved in the project area
2) if so, what are the nature and approximate extent of the intact deposits
3) what significant research questions can be answered through the archaeological
analysis of the intact deposits
The survey mostly focused on the open area delimited by the northern walls of the
Raleigh Tavern Dairy and Raleigh Tavern Laundry buildings (building #s 17-6E and 17-6G) to
the south, the lot boundaries to the east and west, and by Nicholson Street to the north (Figure 1).
This area is divided into four roughly equally-sized quadrants by a fence that runs north-south
from the northeastern corner of the Dairy to Nicholson Street, and a brick path that runs eastwest between these two enclosures. In total 29 test pits were excavated within this roughly 50 m
by 30 m area. Four additional units were placed in the courtyard between the northern extension
of the Raleigh Tavern and the Raleigh Tavern Kitchen (building #s 17-6A and 17-6F) to
determine the archaeological potential of this area.
The excavation was conducted by the CWF Department of Archaeology’s field crew
under the direct supervision of Staff Archaeologist Eric Schweickart and Director of
Archaeology Jack Gary. GIS Analyst Aaron Lovejoy helped lay in survey markers and test unit
locations and created the ArcGIS geodatabase for the project. Public outreach and digital
messaging for the project was coordinated by Public Archaeologist Crystal Castleberry. Artifact
processing and cataloging were performed by Archaeological Technician Melissa Money and
members of the field crew under her direction. Artifact stabilization and conservation was
performed by Archaeological Conservator Kate McEnroe. All field notes, context records,
drawings, and artifacts are held at the Archaeological Collections Building, 303 N. Botetourt
Street, Williamsburg, Virginia.
Environmental Setting
The city of Williamsburg is built on the Winsor Formation, an unconsolidated deposit of
silt and clay, with occasional sand/gravel inclusions, which stabilized in the late Pliocene and
early Pleistocene (Virginia Division of Mineral Resources 2003). The Winsor formation was
fluvially deposited in marine/closed bay/lagoon environments as the modern Chesapeake Bay
formed. The Slagle soil deposit covers the entire survey area. This soil is a fine-loamy, siliceous,
subactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults which mostly consists of flat, well-drained soils with a fine
sandy loam A horizon (United States Division of Agriculture 2011).
The Raleigh Tavern lot is set on mostly flat ground about 24.5 m above sea level (asl).
The ground level gradually slopes down to the north with an elevation of about 25.4 m asl along
the Duke of Glouchester Street and about 23.8 m asl along Nicholson Street. The lot is currently
mostly cleared of trees except for a few, small trees planted throughout the lot and three large
1
�Figure 1: Raleigh Tavern excavation plan.
2
�magnolia (Magnolia sp.) trees in the northeastern corner of the property. The northwest quadrant
is currently used as a parking lot and is paved with gravel. The northeast quadrant is used as a
picnic area and is paved with oyster shell. The southeast quadrant contains a small wooden
outbuilding (Raleigh Tavern Necessary House, Building # 17-6H) and a small ornamental garden
with a curving path and two planting beds. The southwest quadrant has been left as a grassy lawn
with scattered plantings. The courtyard area is totally paved with bricks except for a few planting
beds running along the sides of the Raleigh Tavern building.
Williamsburg, including the Raleigh Tavern site, receives 47 inches of rain and 7 inches
of snow on average per year. The wettest season is autumn, with an average 29% of the annual
precipitation falling between September and December. The climate is warm and temperate with
an average high temperature in July of 87.8 degrees and an average low temperature in January
of 30.0 degrees. An average of 26.7 days per year where the temperature reaches over 90 degrees
and an average of 64.6 days per year when the temperature falls below 32 degrees (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2018).
3
�Chapter 2: Historic Context
The documentary record relating to the Raleigh Tavern property extends back well into
the 17 century, over a century prior to the first documented use of the name Raleigh Tavern to
describe the building on Lot 54. Over the course of the last four centuries or so, this particular
parcel of property has been used for a variety of different purposes, from a single piece of a
sprawling plantation to an interpretive space where Colonial Williamsburg’s guests can learn
about the lives of the founding fathers. The nature of the use of this property effected the type of
people who occupied it, what activities took place on it, and the type of structures and landscape
features which were built upon it. To provide some structure for this chapter, I have divided the
history of this property into nine periods, each associated with a different set of uses, occupants,
and structures (Table 1). Each of these different uses effected the nature of the archaeological
record at this site. In chapter 5, I will discuss how the results of the archaeological survey of this
property line up with each of these periods of use, and which questions, left unanswered by the
documentary record, have the greatest potential for being answered by a more intensive
archaeological analysis.
th
Table 1: Phases of Occpation of the Raleigh Tavern Property.
PERIOD
DATE
RANGE
DESCRIPTION
STRUCTURES
I
1638-1708
Part of Middle Plantation, possibly owned
by John Page
II
1708-1717
A domestic house in the new capital
III
1717-1742
First tavern on the lot, fewer amenities
though still used as a place of business
while in the Capitol
IV
1742-1782
Name changed to Raleigh Tavern, Center
of public life in Williamsburg and meeting
place of political elites
1782-1822
Continues to be a center of public life in
Williamsburg though it no longer hosts
politicians from the broader Virginian
community
Outbuildings associated with Page’s
ownership
At least one "good house" and post-inground outbuilding
Tavern structure along Duke of
Gloucester Street, Stable, Garden,
Dairy?
Tavern structure at maximum extent
including north wing and front porch,
three nearby outbuildings and one
store(?) on the back street, stable
moved to nearby enclosed pasture
Tavern structure stays mostly intact,
porch reconstructed, yard and garden
enclosed, off-site pasture and stable,
kitchen and laundry only insured
outbuildings, laundry demolished?
VI
1822-1859
Tavern changes hands many times in quick
succession. Rooms in the structure are
used for different purposes (Girls school,
town meetings, college lectures)
VII
1859-1928
Tavern burns down lot is re-purposed as a
large brick store
VIII
1928-1952
Store is removed and tavern structure is
reconstructed and used as a dining facility
IX
1950present
V
Tavern is re-interpreted and tours are
offered of interior
4
Tavern structure stays mostly intact,
tenpin ally, stable and "house for the
help" noted
Tavern building totally demolished,
brick store built in its place, three pier
set buildings in back of lot
Re-constructed tavern, modern kitchen
attached to north wing of tavern
Modern kitchen removed, bakehouse,
laundry, dairy, and necessary
constructed
�Period I: Middle Plantation
In 1669 John Page acquired 190 acres of land in Middle Plantation, including the area
that would become block 17 (McCartney 2000). This property was originally part of Richard
Popeley’s 1638 patent, and was purchased by George Lake in 1642 before Page secured
ownership over it (McCartney and Kiddle 1996). While it is unlikely that Popeley ever actually
developed his land in Middle Plantation, the location and extent of Lake’s improvements to the
property are unknown. However, 150 of the 190 acres Page acquired in 1669 had reverted to the
Crown’s control after Lake’s death, suggesting that the majority of the property was untouched
prior to the Page ownership (McCartney 2000)
Page and his decedents, who retained control of the property until Williamsburg’s
founding in 1699, were therefore the first property owners to significantly alter large portions of
this area by clearing agricultural fields and building structures. Page’s manor house has been
identified and excavated near the Bruton Heights complex, approximately 600 m north of the
Raleigh Tavern lot (Metz et al. 1998) There is no documentary evidence of any 17 th century
development on the Raleigh Tavern lot in particular, however, in 1705 the Virginia council
demolished four structures and an oven owned by John Page (the original Page’s grandson)
which stood in the middle of the newly-created Duke of Gloucester Street (McCartney 2000). It
is likely that an unlined cellar, identified during the excavation of the Raleigh Tavern porch,
which extended south and east from the southeast corner of the modern tavern structure towards
the street, may have been part of one of these structures (Kostro 2016). If so, it is possible that
other Page-era deposits are preserved on the Raleigh Tavern lot.
Period II: Private Residence
The first documented owner of lot 54 was Richard Bland, who acquired the property in
1708 and by 1710 had constructed the structure and/or structures on the lot which fit the
requirements laid out by the Trustees of the City of Williamsburg (McWilliams 1941). At the
time, lot owners were required to build a “good house” which fronted on Duke of Gloucester
Street, was further than 6 ft. from the street, was built in line with neighboring structures, and
was at least 20 ft. by 30 ft. in size (Hening 1823: 423). Bland seems to have owned the property
for a relatively short time, because by 1712 John Sarjanton was recorded to be living on lot 54.
Sarjanton also moved on fairly quickly, and by 1713 Daniel Blewit owned the property, though
the occupant during his tenure is unknown. By 1715 Thomas Jones had acquired the property,
but it is not clear if he lived there because he began operating a tavern there in 1717 (CWF
Digital History Center [DHC] 2008).
An architectural analysis of the Raleigh Tavern structure indicates that the western
portion of the tavern facing the street was the first portion of the building to be constructed
(Wenger 1989). This structure, standing alone, consists of a two-room hall chamber structure
with a central fireplace against the northern wall of the structure, a typical domestic layout for
late 17th and early 18th century structures in the Chesapeake (Carson et al. 1981). This portion of
the structure has been interpreted as Bland’s “good house.” However, this structure would have
only been 32 ft. by 17 ft. in size, smaller than the dimensions required by law. It is therefore
5
�likely that a porch foundation identified under the northern wing of the Raleigh Tavern structure
was constructed at this time. If this porch extended along the entire northern wall of the early
18th century house then it would have increased the size of the structure to be large enough to fit
the 30 ft. by 20 ft. requirements (CWF DHC 2008).
The 2016 porch excavations revealed two post holes aligned with the southern wall of the
Raleigh Tavern in the far eastern portion of the site. These posts appear to have supported the
southern wall of a post-in-ground structure dating to the early 18 th century (Kostro 2016). This
post-set structure was almost certainly constructed during this period as either a house or an
outbuilding, since it conforms to the requirements for the placement of structures on Duke of
Gloucester Street. The layout and use of the rest of the lot during the domestic period of this lot’s
use is unknown.
Period III: Local Establishment
In 1717 Thomas Jones acquired the lot and began to use it as a tavern, creating an
establishment which would continue to operate on the property for almost 150 years (Gibbs
1974). Henry Bowcock was the first tavernkeeper at the tavern, which would not come to be
known as the Raleigh until the middle of the century. He kept his position from 1717 until his
death in 1729, whereupon his wife, Mary, took over the job. In 1731 Mary married Henry
Wetherburn and he began his tenure as tavernkeeper (Gibbs 1974). Thomas Jones owned the
property until at least 1735, though by the time it was sold to merchant shareholders in 1742
John Blair had acquired the property (McWilliams 1941).
The documentary record has little to say about the types of activities that took place in the
early tavern on lot 54 in Williamsburg. Travelers in early 18 th century Virginia noted that there
were no strict divisions between ordinaries, taverns, inns and public houses in the state, all of
these establishments provided food, drink, lodging, stabling, and conversation to the extent that
they were able (CWF Department of Research 1990). It is therefore reasonable to suspect that the
tavern on lot 54 provided the same services, particularly to those who visited the Capitol
regularly to participate in the colonial court and/or government. The only specific mention of the
tavern comes from a note in the court records of Goochland County that in 1736 William
Randolph sold Peter Jefferson 200 acres of land for "Henry Wetherburn's biggest bowl of arrack
punch." (McWilliams 1941). Thus, it appears that the Raleigh Tavern’s reputation as a place for
wheeling and dealing amongst merchants and landowners precedes its name as an establishment.
Sometime in the early 18th century, either during Bland’s ownership of the property or
while Henry Bowcock was the tavernkeeper, the posts supporting the eastern structure were
sawn off at ground level and a brick foundation was laid on top of them (Kostro 2016). This
foundation appears to demarcate the southern wall of a 20’ by 15.5’ one room structure with a
hearth in the northwestern corner. While earlier scholars have interpreted this room as a late 18 th
century addition stepped back from the street based on how the structure appears on the
Frenchman’s Map (Wenger 1989), the archaeological evidence suggests that the map was
mistaken in this case. This construction episode may have been associated with the
transformation of the property from a private residence to a tavern, as the post-in ground
outbuilding was renovated into a dwelling for the tavernkeeper.
6
�Between 1933 and 1935, soon after Henry Wetherburn took the job of tavernkeeper,
house carpenter James Wray was hired to do a significant amount of work on the tavern. This
period of construction likely corresponds to the addition of the eastern wing of the Raleigh
Tavern (Wenger 1989). This long, one room thick addition likely contained the dining room on
the first floor and rooms to rent on the second floor (Leviner 1990), significantly increasing the
number of patrons that the tavern could serve.
The documentary evidence for the use of the back lot during this period is also quite
scant. In 1733, while working on the eastern wing of the tavern, James Wray billed Jones for
repairing a stable and enclosing a garden (CWF DHC 2008). Between 1737 and 1739 Henry
Wetherburn placed three advertisements in the Virginia Gazette for lost or stolen horses, and
three advertisements from others mentioned Wetherburn as someone who people could return
horses to. While the advertisements do not make it clear if Wetherburn was acting in his capacity
as a tavernkeeper when receiving strayed horses, the tavern would have needed a stable to
operate. The location of the tavern’s stable is unknown, but it is certain that it had one.
Two brick foundations, one of a 12 ft. by 12 ft. structure and one wall about 10 ft. long
and made from compass bricks, were uncovered beneath the foundations of northern wing of the
tavern prior to its reconstruction in 1930 (Figure 5). Given their location, these two outbuildings
must have been associated with this period of the site’s occupation. The 12 ft. square structure is
hypothesized to be a dairy since its floor was paved with bricks and was found ~ 4 ft. below
1929 ground surface.
Period IV: Raleigh Tavern
In 1742 a group of merchants pooled their resources to buy the tavern, and by 1745 they
had changed the name of the establishment to the Raleigh Tavern (McWilliams 1941). The
shareholders appear to have kept Wetherburn on as the tavernkeeper throughout their tenure as
owners of the lot. In 1749, Alexander Finnie took over as both tavernkeeper and, for a short
period, owner of the tavern. In 1752 Finnie announced his intention to sell the Raleigh Tavern
and move to England. While he did sell the property to John Chiswell and Dr. George Gilmer, he
seems to have stayed on as tavernkeeper until 1763, when Chiswell and Gilmer sold the tavern to
William Trebell. Trebell began a streak of owner-occupiers at the Raleigh Tavern. Anthony Hay
was both owner and tavernkeeper from 1767 until his death in 1770, and James Southall
continued the tradition from 1771-1793 (Gibbs 1974).
The Raleigh Tavern was one of the centers of public life in colonial Williamsburg.
Visitors to town for the General Assembly meetings and court days stayed in the rooms at the
tavern. When the Cherokee sent emissaries to meet with the Governor of Virginia in 1751, they
stayed in the Raleigh Tavern (Gibbs 1974). Members of Virginia’s elite dined in the private
dining rooms and danced at the balls held in the Apollo and Daphne Rooms. Students, soldiers,
planters and politicians all drank, conversed, gambled, and made deals in the barroom and
billiardroom (Leviner 1990). Auctions took place on the porch and front steps of the Raleigh
Tavern where members of the public purchased everything from lottery tickets to human chattel
(Gibs 1974). However, the tavern was also a private place. The tavernkeeper, along with their
family and the cooks, barkeepers, curriers, waiters and housekeepers (either enslaved or free)
7
�necessary to ensure the smooth running of the establishment may have lived at the tavern full
time. Documentary accounts indicate that all of the keepers of the Raleigh Tavern during this
period owned at least one enslaved laborer (CWF Department of Research n. d.). While there
were apartments for the Tavernkeeper and their family in the Raleigh Tavern, other members of
the tavern staff likely lived in the cellars and detached outbuildings (Leviner 1990).
The tavern structure continued to expand throughout this period. The northern wing of
the tavern, containing both the Apollo and Daphne ballrooms, appears to have been added in the
late 1740s or early 1750s, as it is first mentioned in the documentary record in 1751
(McWilliams 1941). It is possible that the northernmost room of this wing was an earlier
construction which was attached to the tavern by the long extension containing the ballrooms,
but the architectural evidence of such a scenario is inconclusive (Wenger 1989). Sometime
between the completion of the north wing and Anthony Hay’s death in 1770 a shed containing
three separate rooms was added to the northern side of the tavern. Additionally, at some point
during the mid-18th century, but definitely before 1773, a porch built on brick piers was added to
the southern wall of the Raleigh Tavern facing the street (Kostro 2016, Klee 2017).
During this period the documentary record begins to provide some information about the
use of the back lot. In 1751 Alexander Finnie purchased a roughly 20-acre parcel of property
north of town which was used for the stabling of horses and wheeled vehicles owned by the
Raleigh Tavern’s clientele until 1820 (McWilliams 1941). Thus, this area ceased to function
primarily as a stable for the horses of the visitors at this time. In a letter to her brother in 1767,
Sarah Trebell, the tavernkeeper’s wife, mentions that after purchasing the Raleigh Tavern from
her husband, Anthony Hay “made a nursery of Jamies Shop” (Leviner 1990). Written records
allude to the presence of both a shop and a nursery on the Raleigh Tavern lot throughout this
period. An advertisement in the Virginia Gazette in 1774 mentions that Thomas Skinner, a
shoemaker, opened up a shop “at the back of Raleigh Tavern” (Ragland 1930), while Humphrey
Harwood billed James Southall for whitewashing and repairing one room in a nursery in 1779
(Leviner 1990). It is not clear whether either of these operations would have taken place in a
particular room in the tavern structure or in an outbuilding, or why a tavern would need a
dedicated nursery. In addition to the nursery, Harwood mentions a barn, dairy, kitchen, laundry
and “House & Nessacary” in his accounts with Southall, though these buildings were not
necessarily all separate outbuildings, and some of them could have been located on other
properties owned by Southall (McWilliams 1941).
The Frenchman’s Map, a map of Williamsburg made by a surveyor with the French
military during their occupation of town in 1781-2, shows four detached outbuildings behind the
Raleigh Tavern (Figure 2). Two buildings built along the eastern edge of the lot paralleling the
northern wing of the tavern, one building directly northeast of the northern wing of the tavern,
and one small structure in the very northeast corner of the lot fronting on Nicholson Street. The
excavations in 1929 uncovered the foundations of the southernmost building along the eastern
edge of the property, which was interpreted as a kitchen based on the size of the hearth base
(Ragland 1930). A single foundation wall was all that remained of the building to the north, and
no evidence of the building off the northeastern corner of the north wing was found
8
�Figure 2: Frenchman's Map of Williamsburg (1781). Raleigh Tavern lot outlined in blue. Arrow marks location of tavern stable.
archaeologically. The brick foundations of a 12 ft. by 16 ft. structure, likely the remains of the
outbuilding on Nicolson Street, were found in the northwest corner of the neighboring Alexander
Craig lot when it was crosstrenched in 1939-40 (Duke 1941)
Period V: Raleigh Tavern in Decline
Following the American Revolution and the relocation of the capitol to Richmond, the
need for taverns in Williamsburg declined (CWF Department of Research 1990). Nevertheless,
the Raleigh Tavern continued to thrive as a business for decades after it lost its political
significance. In 1793 Southall decided to retire from tavernkeeping and leased the tavern to
Gabriel Maupin. Five years later, in 1797, Southall or his heirs rented the tavern to Louis Pagand
(McWilliams 1941). Soon afterward, Phillip Moody began to operate the tavern and purchased
the property in 1803, before leasing it to John Coke in 1805. After Moody’s death in 1807, the
property was inherited by his daughter Maria and her husband William Crump. John Coke
appears to have continued to lease the property until 1813, when Crump began to lease it to
9
�William McCandlish, who operated the tavern for a few years before buying it outright in 1818
(McWilliams 1941). McCandlish seems to have regret his purchase, as he tried to sell the
Raleigh by 1820, though he only succeeded in selling the pasture and stable that year. It was not
until 1822 that Richard Allen purchased the Tavern from McCandlish (McWilliams 1941).
While the Raleigh Tavern ceased to be the setting for members of Virginia’s gentry to
gather when the general assembly was in session after the Revolution, its relevance within
Williasmburg’s social scene continued unabated. The townsfolk continued to gather in the tavern
to eat, drink, play games, and converse. Individuals traveling to town, such as students attending
the college or citizens who had business at the city or county courts, often sought out the tavern
as a place to find room and board (McWilliams 1941, McCartney and Kiddle 1996). The Apollo
Room continued to be the setting for balls put on by the tavern keeper or members of town,
meetings for local clubs and citizens groups, and extraordinary events such as the trial of a ship
and cargo sized in 1812 (Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger 1812:3, CWF Department of
Research 1990). Public sales and auctions continued to take place on the front porch of the
Raleigh throughout this period. The Enquirer, a newspaper printed in Richmond from 1807
through the Civil War, carried advertisements for property to be sold at public auction on the
steps of the Raleigh Tavern from 1807 to 1826. During the 1780s between nine or ten adult
enslaved laborers lived and worked at the tavern (CWF Department of Research n. d.). A visitor
in 1784 reported that he was served by “[b]lack cooks, butlers, and chambermaids” during his
stay at the tavern (CWF Department of Research 1990). James Southall and his family lived at
the tavern during his tenure as tavernkeeper and a free bartender likely lived on the lot as well
(McWilliams 1941).
The architecture of the Raleigh Tavern building seems to have only gone through minor
changes during this period. Most of the work noted by Humphry Harwood in his account book
during this time period is primarily maintenance rather than construction. He does however
mention whitewashing a “new room” in 1786 and rebuilding the porch in 1791. The exact
location of the new room is currently unknown, but the archaeological evidence suggests that the
new porch was longer than the one it replaced, stretching along the full 80 ft. south wall of the
tavern structure (Klee 2017). An insurance map indicates that by 1796 the shed addition on the
northern side of the east wing had either been demolished or turned into an open porch (Wenger
1989). Documentary records suggest that a fire on Williamsburg’s main street may have effected
the Raleigh Tavern in 1810 (Petersburg Intelligencer 1810:3), but if so it was either confined to
the outbuildings or quickly repaired since there is no evidence of a significant disruption in
tavern business during this time.
While the tavern building stayed fairly static during this period, the back lot seems to
have gone through significant changes during this period. Harwood records repairs to a kitchen
and necessary in his account book during this period, but there is no mention of a barn, dairy or
nursery/shop in the documentary record from the late 18 th and early 19th centuries (McWilliams
1941). When Southall advertised the tavern for rent in 1793 he mentions an ice house, in addition
to “every other house necessary for the entertainment of man and horse.” Additionally, in the
advertisement for a new lessee in 1797 he mentions that the yard and garden are “just newly
10
�enclosed” and the “houses will be put in necessary repair as soon as possible” (CWF Department
of Research 1990). The “houses” Southall mentions could be a reference to quarters for enslaved
laborers, or he could just be referring to the outbuildings in general. The reference to the “yard
and garden” in 1793 is the earliest evidence of landscaping on the property, but the wording
seems to indicate that these features had existed for some time prior to Southall’s decision to rent
out the tavern. Three insurance maps made during this time period (in 1796, 1806, and 1815)
include outbuildings associated with the tavern. The earliest one includes both a kitchen and a
laundry on the lot itself, as well as the stable on the pasture lot to the north of the city (Wenger
1989). The 1806 map only contains the kitchen and stable, so it is possible that the laundry
building was demolished during this period, although given the absence of other outbuildings
that are known to have existed on the property from the map, this demolition date is far from
certain. A 15 ft. by 20 ft. shed addition is shown on the eastern side of the kitchen in the 1806
map. The 1815 map (Figure 3) shows four outbuildings within 30 ft. of the main tavern structure,
the kitchen, a dairy standing in the location of the well, a small smokehouse north of the kitchen
and a larger, unlabeled structure along the western edge of the property.
The cross trenching of the lot in 1930 centered around three structures which were
standing at the time of the reconstruction B, C, and D (Figure 6). It was discovered that all three
of these buildings were standing on brick piers which were at least partially constructed with
“old bricks” and shell mortar, evidence that they were first constructed in the 18 th century
(Ragland 1930). Either they were constructed prior to 1781 and not included on the Frenchman’s
Map or they were built after the Revolution. Both of these options are entirely possible, but since
the buildings survived until the 20th century, unlike any of the outbuildings shown on the
Frenchman’s Map, and given the extensive construction activities which appear to have
happened on the back lot in the late 18th century, it is likely that these structures were first built
during this period.
Period VI: Old Raleigh
Between 1822 and December 1859, when the Raleigh Tavern structure burned to the
ground, the property changed hands often as its owners and operators struggled to keep the
increasingly indebted enterprise afloat. The establishment, during this period, was often referred
to as the “Old Raleigh” and increasingly relied upon a sense of nostalgia to attract business.
Richard Allen, Wade Mountforth, Benjamin Hansford, two men know as Bishop and Bragg, and
John Maupin were some of the owners of the Tavern in the 1820s 30s and 40s. In 1848 the
property was purchased by Parkes Slater, who owned the property throughout most of the 1850s.
At the time of the fire in 1859 the proprietor was named Blassingame (McWilliams 1941).
As Williamsburg’s fortunes continued to decline over the course of the 19 th century, the
Raleigh Tavern played a smaller and smaller role in the town’s social scene. While the tavern
continued to play host to out of town travelers and provide entertainment, drinks and meals for
Williamsburg’s residents throughout this period, the tavern’s other functions changed
significantly (McWilliams 1941). The proprietors continued to throw large meals during holidays
and special occasions in the Apollo room, but these events were often the meal that ended the
evening rather than the main event itself (Richmond Enquirer 1834:3). After the loss of the stable
11
�Figure 3: 1815 fire insurance map of the Raleigh Tavern.
and pasture in the 1820s, the tavern had less room to store horses and wheeled vehicles,
decreasing the number of patrons it could support. Sometime in the mid-1820s, potentially
during a period when the tavern was between owners, the Raleigh Tavern ceased to be used for
public auctions, with the steps of the courthouse used instead (McCartney and Kiddle 1996). The
Apollo Room continued to be used for public meetings, banquets, college classes, and even
served as a polling place until 1854 when Mrs. Mariah F. Clopton opened a girls school, called
the Raleigh Institute, out of the Apollo room (Richmond Enquirer 1850:1, McWilliams 1941).
While the establishment continued to be frequented by townsfolk and students, some
individuals began to focus on the historic importance of the building in the context of the
revolution. Benson Lossing visited the tavern and sketched it as part of his publication The
Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution, and toasts made during the Fourth of July celebrations
held in the Apollo Room highlighted the historic events which had taken place in the room
(McWilliams 1941). Nevertheless, the property continued to be a domestic space, with enslaved
laborers still living on the property where they worked (Ragland 1930).
The Raleigh Tavern remained relatively the same, with no major architectural additions,
throughout this period. Renovations were untaken to the interior and south facade of the structure
when Slater purchased the property in 1848, directly before Lossing’s arrival. Both Lossing’s
illustration and oral histories from the 1850s depict a building essentially unchanged since the
mid-18th century (McWilliams 1941). The most significant change was the demolition of the
front porch along the south face of the structure during the 1848 renovations.
The extent to which this architectural stability was extended to the outbuildings is very
unclear. Certainly, following the loss of the pasture property, and associated stable, to the north a
new stable would have been necessary to acquire. According to an oral history, both a stable
building and a “house for the help” were located in the lot right before the civil war (Ragland
1930). Another account from the same time period mentions the presence of a “a tenpin alley”
12
�where students from the college bowled (McWilliams 1941). The three pier-set buildings
excavated in 1930 stood throughout the 19th century, but the rest of the outbuildings were either
demolished or burned as part of the fire.
Period VII: Lane Store
The Civil War financially devastated most of Williamsburg’s white residents, and the
struggles of reconstruction, wherein southern society was forced to renegotiate its basic tenants
following the abolition of slavery, left Williamsburg, like many southern towns, in little position
to grow or develop. However, in the 1880s and 1890s, the town began to flourish again as
northern capitol and a booming economy led to a spate of development in the downtown area
(McCartney and Kiddle 1996). In 1880 Levin Lane lived in Jamestown, Virginia and worked as
a farmer, but by 1900 he was able to take advantage of the rising tide and purchased a store on
Duke of Gloucester Street in Williamsburg (United States Federal Census [USFC] 1880, USFC
1900). By 1904 his son Levin Lane Jr. had purchased the lot next door and either bought or
constructed a store of his own. Both men sold their properties and stores to WAR Goodwin in
1928 so that the Raleigh Tavern could be reconstructed on its original foundations.
The Lane Jr. Store was built directly on top of the foundations of the eastern wing of the
Raleigh Tavern, with the tavern’s southern cellar wall serving as the Lane Jr. Store’s foundation.
This suggests that the Raleigh Tavern foundations were still visible when the new building was
constructed at least two decades later. The use of the back of the lot and the surviving pier-set
outbuildings are unknown at this time. However, only two of the pier set buildings (B and C) are
marked on the 1904 Sanborn Insurance Map of Williamsburg, with building D first appearing on
the 1921 map. Either the earlier map makers forgot to include building D or it was not standing
in the early 20th century.
Period VIII: Initial Reconstruction
In 1926 Dr. William A. R. Goodwin, supported financially by John D. Rockefeller Jr.,
began purchasing properties in Williamsburg’s historic town center and hiring architecture firms
to excavate and reconstruct the colonial structures that stood on their property. The Raleigh
Tavern lot was one of the earliest parcels of property Goodwin acquired due to the historic
significance of the tavern in the context of the American Revolution (McCartney and Kiddle
1996). On September 16, 1932, the reconstructed Raleigh Tavern opened to the public as
Williamsburg’s first exhibition building. While the possibility of using the tavern as a hotel was
raised, it was ultimately decided that the building would be used as a museum gallery (Watkins
2014). In the early phase of the restoration the focus of the interpretation of both the tavern and
the city, was principally on the space as a place where the great men of the American Revolution
gathered to discuss politics. While authenticity was an important aspect of Colonial
Williamsburg’s initial approach to restoration, it tended to be applied specifically to authentic
architecture, furniture, and clothing rather than attempting to recreate the mundane tasks of
everyday life (Watkins 2014, Moon 2016).
As such, while the tavern structure itself was reconstructed according to the documentary
and archaeological evidence, none of its associated outbuildings were deemed necessary for an
authentic understanding of the place. Instead, a small support structure was built in the northeast
13
�corner of the lot, partially on top of the footprint of building D. The tavern itself even included
some significant architectural liberties including a north wing extension that housed a modern
kitchen (Figure 4). While this addition is no longer part of the landscape at the Raleigh, its
construction and removal are likely to have had a significant impact on the survival of
archaeological deposits north and west of the tavern.
Period IX: Modern Reconstruction
Over time, Colonial Williamsburg’s institutional mission began to evolve, and the
historic trades became a more important aspect of the foundation’s mission. While the first shops
opened in the historic area were part of the initial attempt by the institution to monetize the
production of replicas, they soon proved to be one of the most popular attractions of the museum
(Watkins 2014). The first historic trades to be established were associated with crafts which
produced romanticized objects such as furniture, jewelry and wrought iron which invoked a
“simpler” era when a craftsman’s hands, rather than a machine, shaped and formed the raw
materials (Moon 2016). However, as the town and museum boomed following the end of the
second World War, shops of all varieties began to open up in recently reconstructed structures.
To that end, plans were made to reconstruct a bakery which would allow visitors to see how 18 th
century bakers plied their craft (History News 1953). Since the Raleigh Tavern kitchen had
already been located, the property was slated for reinterpretation to include a working bakery.
In preparation for the reinterpretation of the Raleigh Tavern, the 16’11 ¼” x 15’ 3 ½”
brick foundations of the structure marked on the early 19 th century fire insurance maps was reexcavated. In order to provide the room necessary for the bakery exhibit building, the
reconstructed kitchen and laundry structures were much larger than either the brick foundations
or the mapped building’s dimensions. Around the same time, the kitchen addition to the north
wing of the Raleigh Tavern, along with the hyphen connecting it with the tavern, was
reconsidered and removed. In its place, a square structure (the Raleigh Tavern Dairy) was placed
approximately in the location of an outbuilding on the Frenchman’s map. A small pier set
structure (the Raleigh Tavern Necessary) was also constructed about 10 ft. north of the laundry
outbuilding. Since the re-interpretation of the Raleigh Tavern in the 1950s very little construction
happened above ground until the archaeology and subsequent reconstruction of the front porch in
2016-2017.
14
�Chapter 3: Previous Archaeology
Three major excavations, along with two monitoring projects, have taken place on the
Raleigh Tavern property over the course of the last century. The earliest two excavation projects,
which were together assigned the site number 17BA, took place soon after the property was
acquired by Colonial Williamsburg, Inc. (as it was known at the time), and preceded the
reconstruction of the Raleigh Tavern and the integration of the property into the museum in the
early 20th century. The last excavation project, 17BC, took place in 2016, and involved the
excavation of the remains of the 18th century porch on the southern wall of the tavern building
(Figure 4). Additionally, archaeological monitors recorded the installation of gas lines on the
property in 1984-5 (17BB), and the installation of a speaker into the southern wall of the tavern
building in 2007 (unnamed).
17BA: Initial Cross Trenching
In late 1928, following excavation of the Capitol, hired laborers were dispatched to the
site of the Raleigh Tavern with instructions to find foundations on which to rebuild this iconic
structure. True to the time, architectural trenching was employed to recover this information.
Excavators traversed the lot with shovels, digging trenches which were intended to intercept and
expose brick foundations. In use until the late 1950s, trenching was quick and efficient as an
architectural tool, but it captured only the most sturdily built structures and, because artifacts
were not recovered in any systematic way, provided little information about building use or the
lives of those who occupied them.
Trenching for the Raleigh Tavern began late in 1928 and continued through 1929. The
results of this excavation are fragmentary and are recorded in the form of archaeological field
drawings and photographs. There is no detailed archaeological report. Both the field drawings
and photographs reveal that below-grade portions of the tavern’s western end, believed to date to
ca. 1717, survived largely intact. Lying outside of the Lane Store’s footprint, remains of this
portion of the Raleigh include a 29’3” x 14’4” cellar with interior partition, a street-facing
bulkhead, and a possible porch tower (Figure 5). The adjoining eastern rooms (constructed ca
1733-35), fared less well, being heavily damaged by redevelopment in the 19th century.
Although the north wall appears to have survived, the south wall, eastern tavern end, and interior
partitions uncovered during excavation are identified as “modern”, or “about 1860” construction
on the archaeological plan map. Archaeological evidence for the Raleigh’s north wing, in which
the Apollo Room was located, is limited. Bulkhead steps identifying the east side, partial remains
of a fireplace base, and extrapolated wall lines are all that remains of this 1751 addition.
The rear porch addition (ca 1750s) is represented by a fragmentary wall line overlying
several walks and steps belonging to the first period tavern (Figure 5). Finally, a building of
earlier construction, with a corner fireplace, appears on the archaeological drawing at the
Raleigh’s east end. Although incorporated into the reconstruction as the “ladies withdrawing
room”, this structure appears, based on superimposition by the north wall, to pre-date
construction of the Raleigh’s east wing.
15
�Figure 4: Map of previous archaeological excavations.
16
�Figure 5: 1929 site map showing the location of brick foundation associated with the Raleigh Tavern structure.
17
�Three other features of note were revealed in the 1928-29 excavation: the first was a
21’6” foundation, nearly square, that appeared near the northern extent of the Raleigh wing
(Apollo Room) addition. In the original reconstruction of the tavern, this evidence was
interpreted as part of that wing, but more likely represents the square outbuilding appearing on
the Frenchman’s Map. A second outbuilding, also appearing on the Frenchman’s Map, is
represented by a 27’2 ¼” long brick foundation in the “courtyard” formed by the tavern’s “L”
shape. Not fully exposed (no east wall was located), this building was not fully explored or
reconstructed until 1950. It apparently represents the southernmost of two outbuildings appearing
in this position on the Frenchman’s map. Later interpretation would identify it as a kitchen, a
designation reinforced by the presence of a third important feature, a brick well, just to the south.
The well, partially lined and measuring 4’ in diameter, is recorded as “probably 18th century.”
There is mention of a second well, however it is unknown where it is located on the site. The
wells were described as being cleaned out with the dirt sifted. It is unclear if the excavators went
all the way to the bottom of the wells.
In 1930, a second round of trenching on the site of the Raleigh Tavern focused on the
northern portion of the site in an effort to recover outbuildings. That work was completed by
October of the same year. A site map dated 9/8/1930 records five new structures (B-F), as well
as additional information about the kitchen (Figure 6). Descriptions of those buildings are as
follows:
OUTBUILDING "A": This building is interpreted as the kitchen for the tavern. The eastern wall
appears to have been impacted by the footers for the Lane Store. A single wall for a second
building was located just to the north of the kitchen. The reconstructed kitchen is significantly
larger than what was found archaeologically.
OUTBUILDING "B": A building was removed from this foundation by the "Restoration".
Foundation is built of old bricks with oyster shell mortar. Bricks vary in size and color. Some are
buff but more are red, and some are glazed.
OUTBUILDING "C": A building was removed from this foundation, and a shed from the
portion over the posts, by the "Restoration". Foundation 8" wide is built of modern red bricks (8"
x 4" x 2½"), superimposed on one footing course of old bricks, with the exception of S. E. corner
pier, which is built of old bricks entirely. No oyster shell mortar identified here.
OUTBUILDING "D": A building was removed from this foundation by the "Restoration".
Foundation piers 8" wide built of modern red bricks 8" x 4" x 2½" rest upon piers 13" wide built
of older bricks 9¼" x 4½" x 2 3/8", which is the size of the Palace bricks. The mortar is oyster
shell but quantity of shell particles is small.
OUTBUILDING "E": This foundation is old. Col. Lane, who formerly owned the lot has no
knowledge of any building standing on this site. Foundation walls, 8½" wide; are built of old
bricks, average size 8½" x 4" x 2 5/8" and oyster shell mortar. This building is not on the Raleigh
lot and has been reconstructed as the John Carter Stable.
18
�Figure 6: 1930 Ragland trenching field map.
OUTBUILDING "F": This is a foundation with walls 8" to 8½" wide, built of bricks, average
size 8" x 4" x 2 3/8". Red color and size of bricks and absence of indications of oyster shell
mortar does not suggest colonial building. In the west wall, eight stumps of posts, about 4" or 5"
in diameter were found. These posts are in line with fence posts still standing outside of this
foundation. This building is located on the lot to the west of Raleigh Tavern and likely not
associated with the tavern.
17BB: Gas Line Monitoring
In 1984 and 1985 archaeologists monitored the installation of a series of natural gas lines
into the Raleigh Tavern lot. The first line was installed along the southern margin of Nicholson
Street at the very northern edge of the Raleigh Tavern property line. Archaeological monitors
noted intermittent sections of what appeared to be intact 18th and/or 19th century stratigraphy in
the walls of the trench dug for this gas line. Additionally, a pit (Feature 33), roughly 7 ft. in
length and filled with artifacts and oyster shells (Figure 7), was identified in the walls of the gas
line trench just west of the boundary line between the Raleigh Tavern property and the
Alexander Craig lot to the east.
19
�Figure 7: Feature 33 exposed in the profile of the gas line trench along Nicolson St.
The second trench line led from the Unicorn’s Horn/John Carter store north before
veering east at a 45 degree angle to enter the Raleigh Tavern lot. The trench turned due north
again about 80 ft. north of the northern wall of the Raleigh Tavern and ran through the rest of the
lot to join up with the previously installed line running along Nicholson Street. Archaeological
monitors noted that the stratigraphy directly north of the Raleigh Tavern structure was disturbed
by the construction of the 1930s-50s kitchen wing and even identified brick foundations
associated with the structure. However, about 86 ft. north of the modern tavern structure they
identified intact stratigraphy which stretched all the way to the northern edge of the block. This
trench also uncovered two brick piers associated with the western wall of Outbuilding D which
ran along Nicholson Street and was demolished and mapped during the original 1930 trenching
excavations.
Finally, in 1985, a trench was excavated directly north from the north wall of the Raleigh
Tavern to meet up with the previously installed gas line. Additionally, a trench was excavated
east from this junction to the Raleigh Tavern Necessary House (Building 6H) where a gas meter
was installed. These trenches exposed more of the brick foundations to the 1930s-50s kitchen
wing. The E-W trench did not identify any definitively intact stratigraphy but it was only
excavated to about 1.3 ft. deep and subsoil was not encountered anywhere in the trenched area.
17BC: Porch Excavation
In 2007, archaeologists monitored the installation of a speaker into the southern façade of
the Raleigh Tavern. During this excavation they identified several 18th century layers and
features which were further explored during the 2016 excavations.
Excavations in 2016 uncovered a large area between the Raleigh Tavern structure and the
Duke of Gloucester Street in order to identify any remaining evidence of the series of porches
which were added onto the front of the building. While the area was significantly impacted by
20
�previous archaeology, construction activities, and many utility lines, excavators found several
areas of intact stratigraphy and features which provided significant information both about the
nature and timing of porch construction as well as evidence of other construction activities on the
lot.
During this project the entire area between the south face of the reconstructed tavern and
the City of Williamsburg’s property boundary was excavated to subsoil. Architectural plan
drawings, based on the findings of excavators in 1928, indicated that several brick piers had been
identified in the area. Over the course of the 2016 excavations, these brick piers were uncovered
and it was discovered that the original excavation had only exposed the tops of these piers,
leaving several intact 18th century strata undisturbed including the ground surface during the
American Revolution. Additionally, earlier layers and features, pre-dating the late 18th century
construction of the porch were found intact except for where they had been cut through by utility
lines.
Re-examination of the brick piers identified two phases of porches on the south face of
the tavern. The first, in place by 1773, was 52 ft. wide and 7 ft. deep. The first porch was
supported by a series of three brick piers placed at roughly 7 ft. intervals extending both east and
west from the ~ 10 ft. wide, centrally-placed front steps. The western edge of this porch was
therefore placed along the eastern side of the bulkhead entrance to the tavern cellar (Figure 8).
Four of the pier bases for the first porch were still intact, two to the east of the front entrance to
the reconstructed building and two to the west. The two brick piers east of the front were roughly
1 ft. by 1 ft. in size and consisted of four full bricks placed in a spiral around a central half-brick.
One of the brick piers west of the front entrance was too damaged for the brick pattern to be
identified, but the other had a brick and a half added to the south of the spiral, perhaps as part of
a repair. Archaeologists noted a pavement of burned oyster shells and marl dating to the late 18 th
century in and around the first porch piers, which may have been constructed to prevent the
erosion from rain running off the porch roof.
This porch was replaced in 1791 with a new porch which was 80 ft. wide and 8 ft. deep
extending all the way across the southern side of the tavern structure. The second porch sat on
piers that were about 3 ft. by 1 ft. in size and about 5.5 feet apart. The eastern and western sides
of the 1791 porch had full brick foundations (Figure 5). The second porch was demolished by
1850 when a drawing of the structure was made.
Another fruitful area for excavations was to the east of the main section of the reconstructed
Raleigh Tavern, south of the “ladies withdrawing room.” The current reconstruction has this
room recessed from the eastern wing of the tavern in accordance with the structure’s appearance
on the Frenchman’s Map. However, two fragments of brick foundation aligned with the southern
façade of the rest of the tavern were identified in this area. This indicates that this room’s
southern wall was flush with the rest of the tavern. Two large, structural postholes were found
directly beneath the remains of this foundation wall. The artifacts found in these postholes
suggest that the post-in-ground building they were associated with was constructed in the early
18th century (Figure 7). When the building was demolished, the posts were sawn off at ground
21
�Figure 8: Field map of western portion of 2016 excavation showing the two episodes of porch piers.
level and a layer of clay was deposited on top of them to level the ground surface prior to the
construction of the brick structure (Kostro 2016).
One of the early-18th century postholes cut through the fill of an unlined cellar which was
mostly demolished during the construction of the cellar hole under the Raleigh Tavern’s eastern
wing (Figure 9). Since the building the cellar was associated with was not aligned with
Williamsburg’s street grid and was demolished prior to the construction of the early 18 th century
post-in-ground structure, it is likely that the buildings are related to the 17 th-century Middle
Plantation settlement.
Further south, outside the historic tavern structure, the excavators identified a small
remnant of a brick paving which was first uncovered during the 1930s excavation. These bricks
were placed on top of the marl paving which was placed around the edges of the first porch
(Figure 10). Since this area was underneath the second porch, it is therefore likely that the paving
was constructed sometime in the mid-19th century, after the second porch was demolished.
While the archaeological excavations that have taken place thus far on the Raleigh
Tavern lot have recovered a good deal of information about the size and location of the structures
that once stood on the property, and how they changed over time, they have provided little
insight into the people who occupied these structures and the activities which took place in this
historic place. However, the results of these earlier excavations indicate where the best places are
to look for the archaeological deposits which could be used to better understand this historic
place.
22
�Figure 9: Photo of the eastern end of the 2016 excavation trench, showing the remains of the early 18th century brick foundation
sealing an earlier post hole, which cuts through the unlined cellar fill.
Figure 10: Brick paving above marl layer.
23
�Chapter 4: Field and Lab Methods
David Givens, Director of Archaeology for Jamestown Rediscovery, performed a ground
penetrating radar (GPR) survey of the project area in late February, prior to the start of the field
work. On Feb. 21 a N-S baseline was laid out down the center of the back lot and data was
collected from the SE and NE quadrant. The survey was concluded on Feb. 27 th with data
collected from the SW and NW quadrants of the back lot. No geophysical survey took place in
the courtyard area. The GPR survey was conducted with a GSSI UtilityScan equipped with a 350
MHz antenna, and data was collected on transects set at 1 ft. intervals in a unidirectional pattern.
The GPR data was exported and processed using the RADAN software suite and at least two
time slices from each quadrant, selected judgmentally, were exported as JPG images (Figure 11).
On March 11th, Thomas Higgins with the William and Mary Center for Archaeological
Research (WMCAR) took GPS points, using a Trimble Geo 7X, on two of the nails placed along
the baseline during the GPR survey. These points were postprocessed using Trimble software
and converted into Virginia State Plane coordinates using ArcGIS. The points were then
converted into CW local grid coordinates using a formula derived from the Custis Square grid
points (Table). These two points (one in the center of the back lot and one along fence marking
the northern boundary of the lot) were used as the primary datum and backsite for the survey. A
more permanent datum nail was placed in the NW corner of the gravel parking lot and a mark
was made in the northern edge of the manhole across Nicolson St. from the Raleigh Tavern
property. All the points saved in the Total Station were downloaded into a .csv file and archived
on the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s archaeology drive.
This survey consisted of 29 50 cm square test units placed judgmentally in five survey
areas (Figure 12). Some units were placed along major grid lines while others were placed near
geophysical anomalies or areas where previous excavations indicated had a high potential of
undisturbed stratigraphy. The northwest corner of each test unit was shot in with a total station,
with the rest of the corners located using measuring tapes. Some test units were offset to avoid
marked utilities and assigned new coordinates. Each test unit was excavated stratigraphically,
and soil was usually screened through 1/4” hardware mesh and artifacts were separated by
context. All strata were assigned a unique context number. Soil samples, consisting of 3 mm by 4
mm bags of soil, were retained from layers deemed particularly significant. Detailed descriptions
of the stratigraphy were recorded, including soil thickness, soil type and soil color for each unit.
A cover sheet was created for each test unit listing all of the context numbers assigned to the test
unit, a short description of each layer, and excavator’s notes describing what was found in each
test unit. Each test unit was excavated to clay subsoil or until further excavation was impeded by
roots. A split-spoon auger was driven into the base of each test unit to ensure that subsoil was
reached.
Once sterile subsoil was revealed at the bottom of the STP a photograph was taken
labeled “BASE”. At least one scale map of a wall profile of each test unit was drawn as well as a
profile map of the base of any unit with unexcavated features in it. Other photos were taken
judgmentally to record significant features or layers. Photos were downloaded in RAW format
24
�Figure 11: GPR timeslices.
25
�Figure 12: Location of test units at Raleigh Tavern site.
26
�from the camera, blurry or mislabeled photographs were deleted, and the rest re-named
17BD_(unique ID #). A photo log was created, recording the photo name, site, context number,
date, shot type, photo board, direction, image subject, description, notes, photographer, and
camera.
Soil samples were labeled with the context number, site, test unit number, northing and
easting, sample type, excavator, and excavation date. The bag of artifacts from each completed
context were recorded on the bag log and checked into the lab at the end of the project. Most
artifacts were washed with water and soft toothbrushes to remove any remaining soil and placed
in drying racks to dry. Once dry, artifacts were sorted into groups by artifact type, a new bag was
created for each group and labeled with the context number, and all the bags were placed back
into the overall context bag. Each group of artifacts were cataloged separately into the CWF
Department of Archaeology’s E-Museum (EMu) database and given an additional identifier
(beginning with -AA, then -AB, etc.) which was appended onto the context number. Finally, a
label containing the full context number of each artifact group was placed inside the bag. Data
from each context record written in the field was entered into the EMu database and linked to the
artifact data.
Objects requiring special handling, such as ferrous objects which do not appear to be
nails and copper-alloy artifacts, were identified during cataloging and separated from the rest of
their context in the lab to be sent on for conservation. Ferrous objects were x-rayed by the
archaeological conservator and the x-ray film was saved as a record of the object.
27
�Chapter 5: Results and Recommendations
Drawing upon the results of the GPR survey, the soil profiles exposed during the test pit
excavation, and the artifacts recovered from the survey, we were able to determine that:
1) Construction activities associated with the reconstruction and reinterpretation of the
Raleigh Tavern have primarily raised, rather than lowered, the ground surface, preserving
the pre-reconstruction stratigraphy under a thick layer of construction fill.
2) The archaeological cross-trenching campaign in 1930 excavated the interior of the
pier-set buildings and the >50 cm wide trenches down to subsoil, but left features cutting
subsoil intact.
3) Several intact 18th and early 19th century deposits have been preserved in the backlot,
including a large sheet midden, many small postholes or pit features, and an early-1700s
trash pit.
4) While the soil in the courtyard between the north wing of the Raleigh Tavern and the
reconstructed Kitchen was removed in the mid-19th century, earlier features cutting
subsoil have survived in this area as well. Additionally, stratigraphic layers survived in
the northern section of the courtyard, between the Raleigh Tavern Laundry and Dairy
structures.
Results
GPR Survey
The GPR time slices identified several anomalies, including the foundations of the 1930s
kitchen wing in the SW quadrant of the excavation. Three test pits (TUs 20, 22 and 29) were
placed to examine localized anomalies in the SE and SW quadrants of the back lot. All three pits
revealed that the anomalies were caused by 20th century utilities.
Test Pit Survey
Of the 29 excavated units, five (TUs 15, 20, 22, 25 and 29) were stopped below topsoil
because they exposed a utility line. The remaining 24 test units contained 131 separate contexts
which were categorized into 17 master contexts (Table 2). The Harris Matrix of the master
context (Figure 13), along with the TPQ of the artifacts found in their associated contexts, shows
that 7 of the master contexts (MC 1-6, 12) were deposited in the 20 th century, while the other 10
were deposited earlier. While the 20th century contexts were similar across the entire site, each
area had its own unique pre-20th century stratigraphy. The 20th century contexts will be discussed
as a group across the entire lot while the earlier contexts will be discussed by more specific
location.
28
�Table 2: Master Contexts
MC
Description
TPQ
1
Modern
Landscaping/Topsoil
Modern
2
20th C. Construction
Fill
1930
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1928-30s
Archaeological
Backfill
Coal Deposit
Pre-Reconstruction
Topsoil
20th C. Utilities and
Planting Holes
Brick Rubble
Pavement
19th C. Mixed
Deposit
Sheet Midden
Transition to Subsoil
Subsoil
Oyster Shell Feature
18th C. Feature
Layer under Brick
Pavement
Marl Path
Layer under Marl
Path
Compact Mixed Soil
Contexts
001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 027, 031, 042, 047,
048, 049, 057, 074, 080, 081, 096, 104, 106, 108, 110,
111
009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 015, 016, 017, 021, 025, 030,
032, 034, 036, 042, 045, 050, 051, 052, 054, 056, 058,
059, 061, 062, 069, 070, 078, 079, 082, 084, 087, 088,
089, 090, 091, 097, 098, 099, 100, 105, 107, 109, 112,
113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 123
1913
014, 020, 039, 071, 083, 102, 103, 118, 129
1885
060, 063, 072, 124, 127
1903
019, 026, 044, 067, 073, 086, 092, 119
1930
008, 034, 053, 055, 065, 066
1885
122, 125, 126
1885
018, 022, 029, 040, 046, 085, 095
1805
1807
N/A
1903
1720
068, 077, 093
023, 024, 041, 101
28
75
35
1830
128
N/A
130
1830
131
1805
037, 038, 064
29
�Figure 13: Raleigh Tavern survey Harris Matrix.
30
�20th Century Deposits
The 20th century contexts consisted of a thin layer of landscaping or topsoil (MC 1)
which sealed utility trenches and modern planting holes and a deep disturbance in the
northeastern corner of the enclosed yard (MC 6). The utility trenches cut into construction fill
(MC 2), which consisted of mixed layers of clay, gravel, redeposited topsoil, and brick rubble. In
some places the construction fill lay directly on top of backfill from the excavations in the 1930s
(MC 3), which typically consisted of mixed clumps of dark grey silty loam and redeposited
subsoil with large brick, mortar, coal, and shell inclusions. In areas which were not crosstrenched, the construction fill laid on top of a roughly 10 cm thick layer of dark grey silty loam
with few inclusions, which represented the topsoil build up in the late 19 th and early 20th
centuries across the site (MC 5).
In order to determine if any soil was removed from the surface before the construction fill
was dumped on to the lot, the elevations of the bottom of MC 2 was compared to a topographical
map of the property made in 1929, directly preceding the reconstruction of the property (Figure
14). In every unit that contained construction fill, the elevation of the bottom of the fill in the
NW corner of the unit was calculated by subtracting the thickness of the layers from the
elevation of the surface which was recorded using a total station. The estimated elevation of the
NW corner of the unit on the 1929 topo map was calculated by georeferencing the topo map
using ArcGIS and placing the NW corner points of the units on it. A correction was then applied
to these elevations to account for the difference between the elevation systems used. In most test
units, the elevation at the bottom of the construction fill was within 2 inches of the estimated
1929 elevation of the point (Figure 15). A few inches of soil may have been removed in the NE
corner of the property prior to the deposition of construction fill in post 1930. While TUs 4 and 5
were entirely disturbed by an early 20th century structure, the surrounding three TUs were all at
least .2 ft. deeper than would be expected from the 1929 topo map. The stratigraphy of TUs 9
and 10 confirms this theory as it is the only place in the site where construction fill lay directly
on the 19th C. mixed deposit (MC 8) without an intervening layer of topsoil (MC 5). Even in this
area, only a few inches of soil were removed during the re-construction, indicating that the
majority of the archaeological deposits at this site that were not impacted by the cross-trenching
or 20th century development are preserved.
Two contexts were identified in some test units which were deposited in the early 1900s
on top of the topsoil but beneath the construction fill, a layer of coal (MC 4) and a layer of oyster
shells (MC 12) (Figure 15). MC 4 was identified in TUs 13, 16, 24, and 27, and got thicker, with
larger chunks of coal, in the more southern units. A thin layer of ash was identified at the bottom
of this layer in TUs 13 and 16, which may have extended into TUs 24 and 27, but MC 4 was not
fully excavated in those layers. The topsoil beneath the ash layer layer in both TU 13 and 16
contained fragments of wine bottles manufactured using the turn paste method, which was not
invented until 1870. It is unclear what the ash is associated with but it and the coal on top of it
are associated with the time period when the Lane Store occupied the lot in the early 20 th
century. The coal deposit is likely the remnants of a large coal pile used to heat the store which
was spread throughout the backyard.
31
�Figure 14: 1929 Topographical map of the Raleigh Tavern lot.
32
�Figure 15: Map of 20th century deposits with the difference between the elevation of the bottom of construction fill and the
estimated elevation on the 1929 topo map marked for each test unit.
33
�The other early 20th century deposit is a ~20 cm thick layer of primarily oyster shells
found in TU 7. This test unit is unusual because the bottom of the construction fill (MC 2), which
was also the top of the oyster shell layer (MC 12), was about half a foot higher than the 1929
topographic map indicates. This suggests that this layer was deposited after the reconstruction
but before the main filling episodes. This oyster shell deposit also contained large amounts of
window glass and flat iron pieces which may be related to the reconstruction of the Raleigh
Tavern. By around 1810 almost all of the window glass in the United States began to be
manufactured using the crown method, which produced glass panes with much more consistent
thicknesses than earlier methods. Over the course of the 19 th and early 20th century, windows
installed in structures became larger requiring crown window glass manufacturers to gradually
increase the thickness of their glass (Weiland 2009). Moir (1983) calculated a regression formula
to predict the manufacturing date of window glass made between 1810 and 1920 based on its
thickness. A peak in window glass thickness can indicate episodes of construction and repair
when lots of window glass was purchased at once. The histogram of the window glass
thicknesses from this deposit are dominated by a peak around 1.8 mm (Figure 16). Glass of this
thickness would have been manufactured in the 1860s according to Moir’s formula, indicating
that this deposit is filled with glass installed in structures built to replace the ones which burned
in the 1859 fire which destroyed much of the block.
The pre-20th century deposits varied between the different areas of the site, indicating that
the back of the Raleigh Tavern lot was divided into several different activity areas in the 18 th and
19th centuries. In the following sections, the preserved archaeological deposits in each of the
quadrants will be discussed in turn.
NW Quadrant
Eight test units were excavated in the NW quadrant of the Raleigh Tavern back lot
(Figure 17). TU 15 was stopped beneath topsoil when a utility trench associated with a gas line
installed in 1984 was exposed. TU 3 only encountered 1930s backfill associated with the
excavations within the pier set building “D” under modern construction fill. TU 2 identified the
southern edge of the excavation. The rest of the units in this quadrant contained a 19 th century
mixed deposit (MC 8) beneath the buried topsoil (MC 5) (Figure 18). This layer was typically
about 10-15 cm thick, composed of dark grey silty loam with brick, mortar, and shell flecking.
The increase in inclusions was the only way to distinguish this layer from the buried topsoil
layer. The artifacts recovered from MC 8 included a mixture of artifacts with manufacturing
dates ranging from the early 18th century through the late 19th century, with fragments of
manganese solarized glass providing a TPQ of 1885. The mixed nature of the assemblage
suggests that it may have been disturbed, it is very thin for a plowzone, but perhaps it is the
remnants of the enclosed vegetable garden.
The distribution of artifacts within MC 8, (including where it extends into the NE
Quadrant in TUs 9 and 10) indicates a more intensive and generalized use of the area in the 18 th
century and a less intensive and more proscribed use of the NW quadrant of the back lot in the
19th century (Table 3). Ceramics which were primarily manufactured and/or imported in the 18 th
century, such as tin-enameled ware, white-salt glazed stoneware, Rhenish stoneware, and
34
�Figure 16: Window glass thickness histogram from MC 12.
Table 3: Artifact counts from MC 8 by test unit.
Test
Unit
18th C.
Ceramic
19th C.
Ceramic
Tobacco
Pipe
1
6
7
8
9
10
12
12
17
12
12
6
14
15
5
2
3
7
7
2
4
5
2
5
4
2
3
5
Wine
Bottle
Glass
16
22
15
12
21
31
10
35
Window
Glass
18th C. Nail
19th C.
Nail
6
21
21
36
11
20
12
5
2
4
13
15
3
2
1
4
2
5
17
4
1
�Figure 17: NW Quadrant excavation map.
Figure 18: Typical stratigraphic profile in NW quadrant.
36
�creamware, were recovered in relatively even quantities across the quadrant (Figure 19). In
comparison, fragments of 19th century ceramics, such as whiteware, American stoneware, and
European porcelain were less numerous and most concentrated in TUs 8 and 9, near pier set
structure D (Figure 19). Architectural materials, including window glass and nails, were also
concentrated near structure D, with this pattern holding for both the 18 th century hand wrought
nails and the 19th century machine cut nails (Figure 19). This is another line of evidence
suggesting that Structure D was originally constructed in the 18 th century.
An examination of window glass thickness from MC 8 in TUs 8 and 9 near structure D
reveals four peaks in the distribution, one around .95 mm, one around 1.4 mm, one around 1.8
mm, and one around 2.6 mm (Figure 20). The first and last peaks in the window glass
distribution associated with Building D were too thin and thick respectively to fall within the
1810-1920 date range, suggesting that they were not made using the crown method and are
possibly associated with the late 18th century structure in this area. The other two peaks indicate
that significant construction episodes took place around 1830 and 1863. The earlier of these
episodes falls near the beginning of Period V, when the Raleigh Tavern lost its place as a hub of
Williamsburg’s public life and the pasture and stable were sold off to another buyer. The later of
these episodes seems to correlate with the reconstruction of the property after the fire in 1859.
TUs 3, 6, and 12 came down on undisturbed silty clay subsoil (MC 11) which was topped with a
thin, mottled transitional layer (MC 10) except in areas that were excavated in the 1930s. The
gradual nature of the transition in this area suggests that the pre-reconstruction ground surface
was very stable and was not significantly altered by either natural or cultural forces in this
quadrant. Features cutting into subsoil were identified in TUs 1, 2, 7 and 8. The features in TUs 2
and 8 were sub-rectangular in plan and filled with a dark brown silty loam with few inclusions.
Neither of these features were excavated but they are likely postholes or small storage pits. The
features in TUs 1 and 7 extended beyond the boundaries of the test unit in all directions and were
not fully excavated, so it is unclear what their shape might have been or if they represent a
localized layer rather than a feature. The feature in TU 7 consisted of a dark grey silty loam and
an auger hole indicated that it was at least 10 cm deep, it was not excavated and therefore its date
of deposition is unknown.
The upper 10 cm of the feature in TU 1 (MC 13) was excavated, which consisted of a
brown loamy fill and contained ceramics dating to the first half of the 18 th century, numerous
tobacco pipe and wine glass fragments, and 43 pieces of animal bone. An auger hole indicates
that the feature extends at least another 8 cm into the ground, therefore the feature is at least 18
cm deep. Two tobacco pipe stem fragments with maker’s initials stamped into them were
recovered from MC 13 (Figure 21). One pipe fragment (AH) is stamped with the initials “GE”
inside a circle with a small equilateral cross beneath the letters. The top of this mark is broken
off. This makers mark was placed on the stem of the pipe on top of one of the mold seams, likely
on the top of the stem facing the smoker. The other fragment (AG), has a maker’s mark which
consists of the initials “W_” stamped into a circle with small floral designs above and below the
initials. Half of the mark, containing the second letter in the initials, is broken off. This mark was
37
�Figure 19: Distribution maps of 18th C. and 19th C. nails and ceramics in MC 8.
38
�Figure 20: Window Glass thickness histogram from TU 8 and 9.
Figure 21: Marked tobacco pipe fragments from feature fill in TU 1.
39
�placed on the back of the bowl of the pipe, a few centimeters below the rim, facing the smoker.
Both of these pipes were likely manufactured in the mid-18 th century based on their designs.
Stamped initials on pipe stems were most common between 1680 and 1780 in most of
England, with the notable exception of the Southeastern pipe makers in and around London,
where such marks were rarely applied to pipes (Higgins 2017). According to the list of pipe
makers compiled by Adrian Oswald (1975) only three craftsmen with the initials GE produced
tobacco pipes during this time period: George Efford, who lived in Exeter from 1710-1734,
Gabriel Evens, who lived in Chester in 1767, and George Ebbery, who lived in Bristol from
1721-1781. Of the three pipe makers, George Ebbery is the only one who is known to export his
wares to the American Colonies, which makes him the most likely of the three to have produced
this pipe. However, given the length of Ebbery’s operation, this probable identification does little
to narrow down the manufacturing date range of this artifact.
British pipe makers marked pipe bowls with small round stamps beginning in the 17 th
century and continuing into the 19th century. However, since the pipe bowl’s rim is finished
using the cutting method, which was most common after 1700, and the makers mark was
stamped rather than relief molded, the most common method in the 19 th century, this pipe was
likely manufactured sometime in the 18th century (Higgins 2017). Since the last letter of the
initials on the maker’s mark is illegible, it is not possible to determine who the pipe maker was
and narrow down the manufacturing date range any further.
NE Quadrant
Eight test units were excavated in the NE quadrant of the Raleigh Tavern back lot (Figure
22). The two northernmost test units (TU 4 and 5) encountered a very deep modern disturbance
directly below topsoil and therefore the archaeological potential of this area is unknown.
Trenches associated with the 1930s excavation were identified in TUs 10 and 11 and backfill
associated with the excavation of pier-set structure C was identified in TU 14. The trenches in
TU 10 and 11 extended all the way to subsoil, however they only impacted part of each test unit,
leaving intact stratigraphy in each of them. TU 14 was stopped to prevent damage to tree roots
before subsoil was reached.
The mixed 19th century deposit (MC 8) extended into the northern portion of the NW
quadrant. In both of the units where MC 8 was identified it was directly below construction fill
(MC 2), likely because the topsoil (MC 5) was removed in this area during the re-construction
(See Figure 13). Unlike the mixed deposit in the NW quadrant, this layer sealed a 5-10 cm thick
layer of compacted dark brown silty loam (MC 17) which was capped, in TU 10, with a thin
layer of brick rubble (Figure 23. No mortar was found with the rubble, but the bricks appear to
be handmade. This layer appears to have been capped in the early 19 th century, since most of the
ceramics found within it were manufactured in the 18 th century and the TPQ of 1805 was
provided by machine cut nails.
The mixed deposit does not appear to extend much further south than TU 10, because in
TU 11 the buried topsoil (MC 5) transitions to a layer of dark brown silty loam with significant
brick, mortar, and oyster shell inclusions (MC 9). The large amount and size of artifact and
40
�Figure 22: NE quadrant excavation map.
Figure 23: Typical stratigraphic profile in NE quadrant.
41
�animal bone fragments found in this layer indicates that it is likely a sheet midden, and the mid18th through early 19th century date range of the artifacts found within it suggests that it is related
to the operation of the Raleigh Tavern (Table 4). This layer was identified in TUs 11, 13 and 16
so it is at least 8 meters long, and auger holes suggest that it could be as much as 30 cm thick. In
all three units where the sheet midden was encountered only a few centimeters of the layer was
excavated before the unit was stopped, leaving most of the deposit intact.
The ceramic assemblage recovered from the midden mostly consists of dining wares,
with relatively few utilitarian ceramics and lots of serving wares in styles popular during the
second half of the 18th century. The most common artifact types from the midden were bones (24
fragments) and bottle glass (25 fragments), indicating the prevalence of eating and drinking
related objects within this assemblage. Thus, this sheet midden is filled with artifacts associated
with the Raleigh Tavern between 1742 and 1822, during the height of its popularity.
Table 4: Artifacts recovered from sheet midden.
Material
Artifact Type
Fragment Count
Ceramic
Flowerpot
5
Ceramic
Tobacco pipe
5
Ceramic
Chinese porcelain
5
Ceramic
Courseware
2
Ceramic
Creamware
10
Ceramic
English bone china
1
Ceramic
English delftware
1
Ceramic
English white salt-glazed stoneware
7
Ceramic English scratch blue white salt-glazed stoneware
2
Ceramic
Jackfield-type ware
1
Ceramic
Nottingham stoneware
2
Ceramic
Pearlware
4
Ceramic
Red-bodied slipware
1
Ceramic
Refined Agateware
1
Ceramic
Yorktown-type stoneware
1
Faunal
Bone
24
Glass
Colored glass
3
Glass
Colorless leaded glass
4
Glass
Bottle glass
25
Glass
Window glass
15
Metal
Nail, cut
3
Metal
Nail, indeterminate
11
Mineral
Shale
2
Mineral
Slate
1
42
�Only three units in this quadrant were excavated down to subsoil (TUs 5, 9, and 10), but
one of them, TU 9 contained a feature which cut subsoil. This feature was circular in plan and
was filled with a dark brown silty loam. It was left unexcavated but a complete white ball clay
tobacco pipe bowl was observed within the fill, indicating that it was filled in the 17 th or 18th
century.
SW Quadrant
Only three units were excavated in this quadrant since the majority of the area was
disturbed by the construction, and later destruction, of the kitchen wing in the mid-20 th century
(Figure 24). One unit (TU 20), placed to explore a GPR anomaly, uncovered a plastic utility box
directly below topsoil. While the other two test units (TU 18 and 22) exposed the 1929 ground
surface, neither reached pre-20th century layers due to the depth of 20th century construction fill
in this quadrant (Figure 25). In TU 18 the buried topsoil was significantly disturbed during the
construction of the kitchen wing, but only a small ~10 cm deep trench was excavated into topsoil
in TU 22. For now, all that can be definitely stated is that some archaeological deposits survived
the construction of the 1930s kitchen addition in the far western edge of this quadrant, but much
larger excavation blocks will need to be opened to expose these layers.
SE Quadrant
Six units were excavated in this quadrant, mostly in the small grassy yard in the center of
the area (Figure 26). Two units (TUs 21 and 29), placed to explore GPR anomalies, uncovered a
concrete utility pipe directly below topsoil. These units were not excavated any deeper. As in the
SW quadrant, the depth of construction fill prevented any of the units placed in this area from
being excavated to subsoil. Three units (TUs 17, 19 and 26) only revealed 1930s backfill beneath
construction fill. TUs 17 and 19 were placed within the footprint of pier-set structure B while TU
26 was within a north-south running test trench. Only trench backfill was identified in TU 26
indicating that the 1930s crosstrenches were at least 50 cm wide. An intact portion of the coal
deposit (MC 4) was identified at the very bottom of TU 24, and an auger hole identified between
30 and 40 centimeters of stratigraphy beneath the layer before hitting subsoil (Figure 27).
Therefore, as with the SW quadrant, all that this survey can determine is that some areas of intact
stratigraphy have survived in this area and that larger survey blocks will be necessary to explore
the deposits.
Courtyard
Four units were excavated in the courtyard area between the reconstructed buildings
(Figure 28). One unit (TU 25) uncovered a ceramic drain pipe directly under topsoil. The
stratigraphy of the remaining three test units varied depending on their relationship to the Tavern
structure. TU 27, located north of the tavern structure and adjacent to the reconstructed laundry,
was similar to TU 24, with the coal deposit (MC 4) sealed beneath a thick layer of construction
fill. A deposit of oyster shells underneath the coal layer prevented an auger from determining the
depth of the intact stratigraphy underneath the coal layer. The other two contained a unique
sequence of soil layers (Figure 29).
43
�Figure 24: SW quadrant excavation map.
Figure 25: Typical stratigraphic profile in SW quadrant.
44
�Figure 26: SE quadrant excavation map.
Figure 27: Typical stratigraphic profile in SE quadrant.
45
�Figure 28: Courtyard excavation map.
Figure 29: Typical stratigraphic profile in the Courtyard.
46
�The other two test units (TU 23 and 28) were excavated within the courtyard formed by
the northern and eastern wings of the Raleigh Tavern structure. Both of these units revealed a
pavement made of compacted brick rubble directly beneath 1930s construction fill (MC 7). In
TU 28 this pavement was made with brickbats laid in an irregular pattern and was left
undisturbed (Figure 30), but in TU 23 this layer was simply compacted brick rubble and was
excavated and screened. The rubble pavement was between 12 and 15 centimeters deep and
consisted of dark reddish brown sandy loam packed around brick bats and coal, mortar, and
oyster shell fragments. The artifacts found in the layer suggest that it was deposited sometime in
the late 19th century. Portions of this brick/rubble paving were noted in several places on the
1929 excavation plan, including in the courtyard, near the kitchen foundations, and in the area of
the front porch (Figure 5). Excavators in 1930 removed the brick paving from around the
kitchen, apparently because they discovered that it post-dated the brick foundations, and the
2016 porch excavations determined that the pavement in that area post-dated the demolition of
the porch in the mid-19th century. Thus, it is possible that the entire front of the lot was paved in
the late 19th century, after the Raleigh Tavern burned but before the Lane Store was constructed
on the property.
Beneath the brick pavement in TU 23, three thin, distinct layers were deposited on top of
cut subsoil. The upper layer consisted of dark brown sandy loam with much smaller brick,
mortar, charred wood, coal and shell inclusions than the pavement above (MC 14). The next
layer consisted of marl and burned shell (MC 15), while the last layer consisted of dark reddishbrown silty loam with brick, mortar, coal, and shell inclusions (MC 16). These layers all date to
the mid-19th century based on the artifacts they contain. Therefore, sometime in the mid-1800s,
the soil layers in the area between the Raleigh Tavern and the Kitchen were stripped, a new layer
of soil was deposited, and a marl pathway was constructed. This construction episode was
potentially part of the clean-up of the lot after the tavern burned in 1859. Perhaps a decade or
two later the entire lot was paved with brick rubble, which was soon removed to accommodate
the foundations of the Lane Store.
A feature cutting subsoil was identified in the base of TU 23. The feature was subrectangular in plan and filled with dark brown mottled soil and large brick chunks. An auger hole
indicated that the feature extended at least 10 cm below the base of the unit. While this feature
cannot be accurately dated beyond preceding the soil stripping in the mid-19 th century, it is
possible that it is part of a post-in-ground structure, given that another structure using the same
construction technique was identified on this lot.
Historical Topography
Comparing the modern topography to the 1929 map of the property demonstrates the
significance of the landfilling that has taken place on the Raleigh Tavern property over the last
century. Rather than gradually rising at a constant slope from Nicolson Street to Duke of
Gloucester Street, lot 54 used to lie almost entirely flat across its northern half before sloping up
at a steeper angle to a platform laying along the southern boundary of the property (Figure 14). A
long profile (Figure 31), showing the results of the archaeological excavations from north to
47
�Figure 30: Brick paving at base of 20th C. fill in TU 28.
Figure 31: Long profile with historic ground surfaces marked.
48
�south along the 2440 easting line, demonstrates how the topography flattens out in the NE
quadrant of the back lot. The elevation of the top of subsoil, where it was identified follows the
same slope as the 1929 ground surface, suggesting that the ground surface of the back lot had
been fairly stable for thousands of years before land filling began. Thus, during the operation of
the Raleigh Tavern, the northern half of the lot consisted of a large flat surface while the
courtyard area was more steeply sloped that it currently appears.
Tavern-Era Land Use
Intact stratigraphy and features cutting subsoil survive in the courtyard, SE and SW
quadrants, however due to the depth of the deposits larger excavations will be needed in order to
better understand how these areas were utilized during the tavern-era of the property. However,
this survey has provided evidence for some initial interpretations of tavern-era land use in the NE
and NW quadrants of the property (Figure 32). The modern fence line dividing the back lot into
two separate enclosures, which is based on the representation of the property on the Frenchman’s
Map (Figure 2), does appear to represent a real division, since the stratigraphic profile differs on
each side of the enclosure.
The soil layers in the western enclosure seem to have been churned up in the late 19 th
century, likely by gardening and/or plowing, and it is quite possible that this enclosure’s use as a
garden began as early as the 1730s. A concentration of hand-wrought nails indicates that a
structure was located at or near the pier-set structure D since the 18 th century. A cluster of
smaller features cutting subsoil were identified near structure D in the central northern portion of
the back lot, including at least one feature within the footprint of the pier-set structure,
suggesting that this portion of the lot was heavily used during the operation of the tavern. The
western edge of the lot contains two large features or layers filled with debris which may
represent barrow pits or localized midden deposits. Other than these deposits, however, this
portion of the property has fairly homogeneous stratigraphy and artifact distributions, indicating
that it was used for a single discrete function rather than being divided into separate use-areas.
The eastern enclosure, on the other hand, seems to have been divided into two areas in
the 18 and 19th centuries (Figure 32). The northern portion of the enclosure was covered with a
potentially garden-related mixed deposit in the mid to late 19 th century, similar to the one in the
western enclosure. However, unlike the other side of the property, this layer does not transition
gradually to subsoil, but lays on top of a fairly sterile, packed dirt surface which was capped with
brick rubble at some point in the early 19th century. This area may have been associated with the
“store” which was located behind Raleigh Tavern according to the documentary record.
According to the Frenchman’s Map, the fence line which marked the eastern boundary of the
Raleigh Tavern lot attached to the southeast corner of a small rectangular structure, which may
be the same building whose foundations were identified in the northwestern corner of the
Alexander Craig House lot (Figure 32). If so, then Raleigh tavern deposits may extend 10-15 ft.
east of the current fence line. The southern portion of the eastern enclosure was used as a large
sheet midden in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Since the midden deposits were not fully
excavated, it is not known if there are any earlier deposits in this area.
th
49
�Figure 32: Tavern-era deposits.
50
�The artifacts recovered during the Raleigh Tavern survey from contexts which were not
brought to the site as part of the landfilling operation (including all of the master contexts except
MC 1, 2, 6, and 12) fit the pattern of a tavern assemblage (Table 5). About 40% of the artifacts
recovered from the assemblage were made of glass, and almost 40% of the glass assemblage
consisted of wine bottle glass. Additionally, faunal remains made up about 16% of the site
assemblage, the third most common material type after glass and metal, and tobacco pipes were
fairly well represented at this site, making up about 15% of the ceramic assemblage. These types
of artifacts, associated with eating, drinking and smoking, tend to be particularly well
represented at tavern sites.
Table 5: Raleigh Tavern Artifact Assemblage.
MATERIAL
TYPE
GLASS
TYPE
METAL
TYPE
FAUNAL
TYPE
CERAMIC
TYPE
#
%
Glass
1239
40.6%
Colored
Container
Glass
#
%
137
11.1%
#
%
Copper
Alloy
7
0.9%
#
%
Bone
343
69.0%
Earthenware
#
%
79
16.8%
Metal
748
24.5%
Faunal
497
16.3%
Mineral
95
3.1%
Polymer
4
0.1%
Solarized
Container
Glass
Colorless
Leaded
Glass
Wine
Bottle
Glass
Windo
w Glass
32
2.6%
Colorless
Non-leaded
Container
Glass
51
4.1%
Ceramic
470
15.4%
79
6.4%
469
37.9%
471
38.0%
Iron Alloy
Nail
505
67.5%
Iron Alloy
234
31.3%
Lead
Alloy
2
0.3%
Shell
154
31.0%
Refined
Earthenware
179
38.1%
Stoneware
Porcelain
99
21.1%
39
8.3%
Tobacco
Pipe
68
14.5%
Misc.
6
1.3%
This finding is reinforced by the evidence from the ceramic assemblage. Breaking the ceramics
down by ware type shows the wide variety of 18 th century ceramics which were recovered from
the site (Table 6). The majority (24 of 29) of the ware types had manufacturing date ranges in the
18th century, with 8 distinct ware types identified at the site which were only made between 1720
and 1780. These different ware types were primarily made in dining ware forms, rather than
utilitarian forms, and the richness of ceramic types in the mid-to-late 18 th century speaks to the
51
�variety of dining activities which took place on this property at the time. A graph of the five most
commonly found wares, arranged according to their manufacturing date ranges with the earlier
ware types on the left and the later ware types on the right, show a distinct curve which matches
the rise and fall of the Tavern’s importance (Figure 33). The ware types which were most
popular in the mid-to-late 18th century, during the height of the Raleigh Tavern’s popularity,
were most frequently found during the survey, with earlier and later ceramic types found less
frequently. Therefore, the rate at which ceramic sherds were deposited in the Raleigh Tavern
back lot corresponds to the popularity and importance of the establishment within society.
Table 6: Raleigh Tavern Ceramic Assemblage.
Ware Type
Date Range
Sherd
Count
Midlands purple
North Midlands
slipware
Westerwald
stoneware
English delftware
Staffordshire red
sandy ware
Black-glazed
redware
Chinese porcelain
Fulham-type
stoneware
Staffordshire mottled
ware
Staffordshire brown
stoneware
Nottingham
stoneware
Yorktown-type
coarse earthenware
Yorktown-type
stoneware
English white saltglazed stoneware
Buckley ware
1600-1730
1
1600-1770
1
1600-1775
5
1600-1800
44
1600-1800
5
1600-1830
1
1660-1900
29
1665-1767
3
1680-1780
1
1700-1800
1
1700-1810
5
1720-1750
2
1720-1750
1
1720-1765
65
1720-1775
Date Range
Sherd
Count
Astbury-type ware
Refined Agate
1725-1775
1740-1775
2
3
Whieldon-type
variegated ware
Jackfield-type ware
Wedgwood green ware
1740-1775
1
1740-1780
1759-1775
2
1
Creamware
1762-1830
63
Pearlware
Yellowware
1775-1830
1780-1900
41
13
English bone china
1794-1900
6
Whiteware
1805-1900
39
American stoneware
1806-1900
13
Porcellaneous
1820-1900
2
Bennington/Rockingham
ware
Ironstone or white
granite ware
1830-1900
2
1842-1900
10
2
Ware Type
These analyses show that the majority of the artifacts deposited at the site seem to be
associated with the Raleigh Tavern, particularly during phases IV and V. Large scale excavation
of the lot will therefore provide significant amounts of material culture associated with the midto-late 18th century, when the Tavern was most heavily used as a space for political and
economic deal-making as well as an important node in Williamsburg’s social web.
52
�Figure 33: Relative frequency of popular serving-ware ceramic sherds in the Raleigh Tavern assemblage.
Recommendations
The results of this archaeological survey indicate that there is significant integrity to
archaeological deposits associated with the 18th, 19th, and 20th century history of the property.
These deposits have the ability to answer important questions about the Raleigh Tavern and
provide new data that can be used to better represent the physical and social dynamic of this
important place. Questions that can be addressed with continued archaeological research include:
-
-
-
How was space organized in the tavern’s back lot as it pertains to the labor of the
enslaved people involved with the activities needed to run the tavern? How and where
were gardens, work yards, spaces for horse care, and support structures? How did the
enslaved shape these spaces? How much was shaped by the white tavern keepers and
owners?
How was the space directly outside of the kitchen used? Are there deposits directly
associated with cooking and serving food in the courtyard area?
What were the removed outbuildings used for and were they associated with enslaved
people? Were these buildings quarters and if so what do the archaeological deposits
around them tell us about the personal lives of enslaved people living and working at
the tavern? What other outbuildings existed in the back lot?
Are there deposits that can provide information about the health and well-being of the
tavern’s patrons and residents (i.e. privies)?
53
�-
-
-
-
-
By investigating the middens what can we tell about the types of food being served in
the tavern? How are enslaved cooks and their skills and influences represented in the
food remains? Based on the trash in the middens how was the tavern furnished? How
does the food and material assemblage compare to other taverns in town?
What types of activities other than eating and drinking took place at the tavern? Is
there evidence of games or illicit activities in the back lot? Can differences in use of
space be seen between the front and back of the tavern?
Through the use of environmental analysis what types of plants were growing around
the tavern property? What did the landscape look like in regards to slopes and
vegetation?
What was the sequence of tavern construction and use? Was the small room on the
east end of the tavern really a part of the original building or did it belong to a
separate structure?
How has the landscape changed from the 17th century through the 20th century?
Many of the answers to these questions, in conjunction with research conducted by the
Foundation’s historians, curators, conservators, and interpreters, can provide the information
needed to re-envision the portrayal of 18th century life at the Raleigh Tavern. Archaeological
research also has the potential to provide new architectural information that may be used to more
accurately reconstruct the built environment of the tavern and its associated outbuildings.
Due to the historical significance of the Raleigh Tavern and the confirmed presence of
intact archaeological resources we recommend conducting an interdisciplinary archaeological
research initiative to fully explore the entire lot. We recommend that this initiative be a yearround multi-year program of excavation and research. A first step to this goal will be to develop
an archaeological research design that outlines the research questions to be addressed, the
methodologies for answering those questions, a timeline for work, and an associated budget.
54
�Bibliography
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1981 Impermanent Architecture in the Southern American Colonies. Winterthur Portfolio 16
(2/3): 135-196.
CWF Department of Research
1990 A Study of Taverns of Virginia in the Eighteenth-Century with Special Emphasis on
Taverns of Williamsburg. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library, Research Report Series,
0164. Williamsburg, VA.
n.d.
Raleigh Tavern. Manuscript, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, VA.
CWF Digital History Center
2008 Raleigh Tavern Data. Manuscript, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg,
VA.
Duke, Francis
1941 Alexander Craig House Archaeological Report, Block 17 Building 5 Lot 55 Area G.
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library, Research Report Series, 1345. Williamsburg, VA.
Gibbs, Patricia
1974 Raleigh Tavern. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library, Research Report Series,
1349. Williamsburg, VA.
Hening, William Waller
1823 The Statues at Large; Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, from the First
Session of the Legislature, in the Year 1619, Vol. 3. Thomas Desilver, Philadelphia, PA.
Higgins, David
2017 Guidelines for the Recovery and Processing of Clay Tobacco Pipes from Archaeological
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1953 Pre-Revolutionary Bakery. History News, 9(1): 4
Klee, Jeffrey
2017 Raleigh Tavern Porch Evidence. Manuscript, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation,
Williamsburg, VA.
Kostro, Mark
2016 Raleigh Update. Manuscript, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, VA.
Leviner, Betty
55
�1990 Raleigh Tavern Historical Report, Block 17 Building 6A. Colonial Williamsburg
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McCartney, Martha
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Department of Archaeological Research, Colonial Williamsburg Archaeological Reports.
Williamsburg, VA.
McWilliams, Mary
1941 Raleigh Tavern Historical Report, Block 17 Building 6A Lot 54. Colonial Williamsburg
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Metz, John, Jennifer Jones, Dwayne Pickett and David Muraca
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Moir, Randall
1982 Windows and pane fragments: Sources of chronological data for historic archaeologists.
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Moon, Michelle
2016
MD.
Interpreting Food at Museums and Historic Sites. Rowman and Littlefield, Lantham,
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2018 Comparative Climatic Data for the United States Through 2018, Global Historical
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Accessed 12 February 2020.
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1812 Advertisement. Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger, 14 Feb:3. Norfolk, VA.
Oswald, Adrian
1975
Clay Pipes for the Archaeologist. British Archaeological Reports, 14(1).
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1818 No title. Petersburg Intelligencer, 20 July:3. Petersburg, VA.
Richmond Enquirer
56
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1850 Election Results. Enquirer, 30 April: 1. Richmond, VA.
Ragland, Herbert
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Geological Service, Washington, DC.
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57
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
1
1
Context
5
11
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
1
2
1903 17BD-00011-AA
1 colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00011-AB
17BD-00011-AC
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
2
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00011-AF
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00011-AG
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00011-AH
2
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00011-AI
17BD-00011-AJ
17BD-00011-AK
2
1
17BD-00011-AE
21
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, crown cap,
green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00011-AD
1
1
1
1
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, over 4 inches
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
bone, faunal specimen
1885 17BD-00021-AA
2
17BD-00021-AB
1
17BD-00021-AC
1
17BD-00021-AD
1
17BD-00021-AE
1
17BD-00021-AF
1
17BD-00021-AG
1
17BD-00021-AH
1
17BD-00021-AI
1
17BD-00021-AJ
1
17BD-00021-AK
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, green
North Midlands slipware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
coarseware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, scratched and filled, painted
underglaze, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, plate,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Page 1 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00021-AL
1
17BD-00021-AM
1
17BD-00021-AN
1
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00021-AO
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00021-AP
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00021-AQ
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00021-AR
1
colorless leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00021-AS
7
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00021-AT
2
17BD-00021-AU
2
colorless non-leaded glass, bottle,
indeterminate
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00021-AV
1
17BD-00021-AW
1
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, pressed, molded design
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00021-AX
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, down-tooled
17BD-00021-AY
2
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00021-AZ
15
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00021-BA
4
glass, window glass
17BD-00021-BB
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00021-BC
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched
17BD-00021-BD
7
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00021-BE
17BD-00021-BF
17BD-00021-BG
4
1
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
copper alloy, tack, upholstery
brick, bricketage
17BD-00021-BH
1
coal
17BD-00021-BI
13
bone, faunal specimen
Page 2 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
1
Context
25
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
2
1885 17BD-00025-AA
1 colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00025-AB
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00025-AE
5
1
17BD-00025-AD
26
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00025-AC
1
1
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
1892 17BD-00026-AA
1
colorless leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00026-AB
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00026-AC
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00026-AD
1
17BD-00026-AE
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, embossed
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00026-AF
1
17BD-00026-AG
6
17BD-00026-AH
1
17BD-00026-AI
17BD-00026-AJ
17BD-00026-AK
2
2
2
17BD-00026-AL
1
17BD-00026-AM
3
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00026-AN
1
iron alloy, wire, indeterminate
17BD-00026-AO
2
iron alloy, wire, indeterminate
17BD-00026-AP
23
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00026-AQ
1
wood
17BD-00026-AR
3
bone, faunal specimen
Page 3 of 93
manganese solarized glass, container,
indeterminate, machine-made
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, crown cap,
green
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00026-AS
1
29
8
6
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1885 17BD-00029-AA
1
17BD-00029-AB
3
17BD-00029-AC
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
tin enamelled ware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00029-AD
1
17BD-00029-AE
1
17BD-00029-AF
1
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
17BD-00029-AG
1
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
17BD-00029-AH
1
whiteware, lid, indeterminate, undecorated
17BD-00029-AI
1
17BD-00029-AJ
1
17BD-00029-AK
1
17BD-00029-AL
1
17BD-00029-AM
2
17BD-00029-AN
1
North Midlands slipware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Staffordshire red sandy ware, ceramic,
indeterminate
Staffordshire red sandy ware, ceramic,
indeterminate
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
American blue and gray stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted underglaze, blue
17BD-00029-AO
1
17BD-00029-AP
1
17BD-00029-AQ
1
17BD-00029-AR
1
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, molded
design
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00029-AS
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00029-AT
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
Page 4 of 93
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, plate, indeterminate, undecorated
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00029-AU
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00029-AX
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00029-AY
16
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00029-AZ
6
glass, window glass
17BD-00029-BA
1
17BD-00029-BB
3
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00029-BC
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00029-BD
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00029-BE
17BD-00029-BF
17BD-00029-BG
13
3
17BD-00029-AW
35
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00029-AV
1
1
6
21
7
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
bone, faunal specimen
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1720 17BD-00035-AA
1
17BD-00035-AB
1
17BD-00035-AC
1
17BD-00035-AD
1
17BD-00035-AE
1
17BD-00035-AF
1
17BD-00035-AG
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Refined Agate, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, cordoned
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted overglaze, red
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, stamped
17BD-00035-AH
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, stamped
17BD-00035-AI
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00035-AJ
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
Page 5 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00035-AK
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00035-AL
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00035-AM
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00035-AN
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00035-AO
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, V-tooled
17BD-00035-AP
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, down-tooled
17BD-00035-AQ
22
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00035-AR
5
glass, window glass
17BD-00035-AS
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00035-AT
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00035-AU
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00035-AV
14
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00035-AW
1
shell plaster, plaster, architectural
17BD-00035-AX
1
bog iron
17BD-00035-AY
3
shale
17BD-00035-AZ
43
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00035-BA
7
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1
21
2
1885 OBJ-17BD-00005
copper alloy, tack, upholstery
2
2
69
71
2
3
1913 17BD-00071-AA
1
17BD-00071-AB
1
17BD-00071-AC
1
17BD-00071-AD
1
Page 6 of 93
creamware, plate, indeterminate, molded
design
Refined Agate, ceramic, indeterminate, molded
design
Yorktown-type coarse earthenware, ceramic,
indeterminate
English bone china, hollow form, molded design
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00071-AE
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00071-AF
3
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00071-AG
4
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00071-AH
1
17BD-00071-AI
17BD-00071-AJ
17BD-00071-AK
1
12
4
manganese solarized glass, container,
indeterminate, molded design
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, window glass
17BD-00071-AL
17BD-00071-AM
1
1
iron alloy, unidentified object
copper alloy, pipe, plumbing or drainage
17BD-00071-AN
1
copper alloy, attachment plate
17BD-00071-AO
1
17BD-00071-AP
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00071-AQ
8
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00071-AR
1
plastic, package or wrap
OBJ-17BD-00009
OBJ-17BD-00010
3
3
3
6
10
12
1
2
2
copper alloy, pipe, plumbing or drainage
copper alloy, attachment plate
1913 17BD-00012-AA
1
17BD-00012-AB
1
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, cordoned
ceramic, pipe, drainage (ceramic)
17BD-00012-AC
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00012-AD
2
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00012-AE
3
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00012-AF
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00012-AG
4
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
Page 7 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00012-AH
3
1
2
1
copper alloy, sheet metal
oyster shell, shell (organic)
rubber, processed, unidentified object
17BD-00012-AL
17BD-00012-AM
20
iron alloy, wire, indeterminate
17BD-00012-AI
17BD-00012-AJ
17BD-00012-AK
3
1
1
1
plastic, package or wrap, blue
plastic, package or wrap, clear or uncolored
1805 17BD-00020-AA
1
17BD-00020-AB
1
17BD-00020-AC
2
17BD-00020-AD
1
17BD-00020-AE
1
17BD-00020-AF
2
17BD-00020-AG
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Astbury-type ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Westerwald stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, stamped, painted underglaze,
blue
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
Albany slip
ceramic, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
17BD-00020-AH
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00020-AI
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00020-AJ
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00020-AK
2
17BD-00020-AL
1
17BD-00020-AM
1
17BD-00020-AN
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, embossed
colorless non-leaded glass, container,
indeterminate
colorless non-leaded glass, container,
indeterminate
colorless non-leaded glass, flat glass
17BD-00020-AO
1
17BD-00020-AP
1
17BD-00020-AQ
2
Page 8 of 93
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, embossed,
amber
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00020-AR
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00020-AU
10
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00020-AV
15
glass, window glass
17BD-00020-AW
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00020-AX
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00020-AY
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00020-AZ
7
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00020-BA
1
coal
17BD-00020-BB
3
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
17BD-00020-BC
1
quartzite, debitage
17BD-00020-BD
10
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00020-BE
11
1
6
3
17BD-00020-AT
28
2
34
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, green
17BD-00020-AS
3
4
4
1
3
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1903 17BD-00034-AA
4
17BD-00034-AB
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
17BD-00034-AC
1
whiteware, hollow form, molded design
17BD-00034-AD
1
17BD-00034-AE
1
17BD-00034-AF
1
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, transfer printed overglaze,
brown
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design, painted
underglaze, blue
Page 9 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00034-AG
1
17BD-00034-AH
1
17BD-00034-AI
1
17BD-00034-AJ
2
red-bodied slipware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
coarseware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00034-AK
4
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00034-AL
17BD-00034-AM
1
1
17BD-00034-AN
2
17BD-00034-AO
5
colorless non-leaded glass, table glass
colorless non-leaded glass, container,
indeterminate, machine-made, molded design,
embossed
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, machine-made
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00034-AP
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00034-AQ
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00034-AR
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00034-AS
3
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00034-AT
1
17BD-00034-AU
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, two piece
mold, green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00034-AV
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00034-AW
7
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00034-AX
28
glass, window glass
17BD-00034-AY
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00034-AZ
1
17BD-00034-BA
1
17BD-00034-BB
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
Page 10 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00034-BC
6
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00034-BD
4
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00034-BE
17BD-00034-BF
17BD-00034-BG
1
1
1
iron alloy, bottle closure, crown cap
iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
17BD-00034-BH
2
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00034-BI
17BD-00034-BJ
17BD-00034-BK
1
1
3
iron alloy, unidentified object
copper alloy, unidentified object
brick, bricketage
17BD-00034-BL
1
plaster, plaster, architectural, painted, white
17BD-00034-BM
1
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
17BD-00034-BN
5
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00034-BO
4
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00034-BP
1
ceramic, pipe, drainage (ceramic)
OBJ-17BD-00006
5
8
1
6
1600 17BD-00001-AA
1
black-glazed redware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00001-AB
5
1
copper alloy, unidentified object
1
glass, window glass
1930 17BD-00008-AA
1
17BD-00008-AB
4
17BD-00008-AC
1
17BD-00008-AD
1
17BD-00008-AE
4
17BD-00008-AF
1
17BD-00008-AG
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, plate, indeterminate, molded
design
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, plate, indeterminate, shell edge,
painted underglaze, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, purple
Page 11 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
17BD-00008-AH
1
17BD-00008-AI
1
17BD-00008-AJ
1
17BD-00008-AK
1
17BD-00008-AL
1
17BD-00008-AM
1
17BD-00008-AN
2
17BD-00008-AO
2
17BD-00008-AP
1
17BD-00008-AQ
1
17BD-00008-AR
1
17BD-00008-AS
1
17BD-00008-AT
1
17BD-00008-AU
1
17BD-00008-AV
1
17BD-00008-AW
1
17BD-00008-AX
1
17BD-00008-AY
2
17BD-00008-AZ
1
17BD-00008-BA
1
Page 12 of 93
Artifact Description
pearlware, hollow form, transfer printed
underglaze, stippled, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, slip
decorated, green
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, slip
decorated, brown
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
red-bodied slipware, hollow form, slip
decorated, yellow
coarse agate ware, ceramic, indeterminate
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, scratched and filled, debased,
painted underglaze, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, scratched and filled, painted
underglaze, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted underglaze, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
black basalt, hollow form, engine-turned
Westerwald stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00008-BB
1
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted overglaze, clear or uncolored
17BD-00008-BC
1
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted overglaze, clear or uncolored
17BD-00008-BD
1
17BD-00008-BE
1
17BD-00008-BF
1
17BD-00008-BG
1
17BD-00008-BH
1
17BD-00008-BI
1
17BD-00008-BJ
3
Chinese porcelain, hollow form, painted
underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, hollow form, painted
underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, plate, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00008-BK
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00008-BL
1
17BD-00008-BM
1
colorless leaded glass, container,
indeterminate, molded design
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00008-BN
2
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00008-BO
2
17BD-00008-BP
1
colorless non-leaded glass, container,
indeterminate, machine-made, molded design,
embossed
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, molded design, embossed
17BD-00008-BQ
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, machine-made, molded design
17BD-00008-BR
10
colorless non-leaded glass, flat glass
17BD-00008-BS
10
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00008-BT
1
17BD-00008-BU
3
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, molded design
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
Page 13 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00008-BV
1
17BD-00008-BW
9
17BD-00008-BX
1
17BD-00008-BY
1
17BD-00008-BZ
17BD-00008-CA
6
1
17BD-00008-CB
1
17BD-00008-CC
1
17BD-00008-CD
2
colored glass, container, indeterminate,
embossed, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, machinemade, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, molded
design, embossed, green
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, crown cap,
green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, machinemade, green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00008-CE
17BD-00008-CF
17BD-00008-CG
1
3
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, other color
17BD-00008-CH
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, down-tooled
17BD-00008-CI
1
17BD-00008-CJ
17BD-00008-CK
16
24
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, hand tooled
finish
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, window glass
17BD-00008-CL
17BD-00008-CM
1
2
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00008-CN
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00008-CO
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00008-CP
3
17BD-00008-CQ
1
17BD-00008-CR
2
17BD-00008-CS
17BD-00008-CT
17BD-00008-CU
6
3
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
iron alloy, nail, wire, roofing nail
Page 14 of 93
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, machinemade, amber
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00008-CV
20
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00008-CW
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00008-CX
6
copper alloy, nail, wire, roofing nail
17BD-00008-CY
1
copper alloy, coin, American, penny, embossed
17BD-00008-CZ
17BD-00008-DA
3
1
brick, bricketage
coal
17BD-00008-DB
10
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00008-DC
1
clam shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00008-DD
4
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00008-DE
1
asbestos, processed, tile, roofing
17BD-00008-DF
4
asbestos, processed, tile, indeterminate
OBJ-17BD-00001
5
6
6
23
4
9
10
1
2
copper alloy, coin, American, penny, embossed
1850 17BD-00009-AA
1
17BD-00009-AB
1
17BD-00009-AC
1
17BD-00009-AD
1
17BD-00009-AE
1
17BD-00009-AF
1
17BD-00009-AG
1
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, molded
design
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00009-AH
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00009-AI
17BD-00009-AJ
1
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
Page 15 of 93
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, other color
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00009-AK
17BD-00009-AL
17BD-00009-AM
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
1
copper alloy, sheet metal, cut
2
slag or clinker
17BD-00009-AV
1
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00009-AW
4
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1850 17BD-00015-AA
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00015-AB
2
brick, bricketage
17BD-00016-AA
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00016-AB
5
9
17BD-00009-AU
19
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00009-AT
6
1
17BD-00009-AS
2
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00009-AR
16
1
17BD-00009-AQ
6
2
17BD-00009-AP
2
3
17BD-00009-AO
15
1
5
17BD-00009-AN
6
1
1
bone, faunal specimen
1885 17BD-00019-AA
1
17BD-00019-AB
1
tin enamelled ware, detached glaze, painted
underglaze, orange
tin enamelled ware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00019-AC
1
whiteware, hollow form, undecorated
17BD-00019-AD
2
17BD-00019-AE
1
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Buckley ware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00019-AF
1
Page 16 of 93
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, other
color
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, undecorated
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00019-AG
1
17BD-00019-AH
1
17BD-00019-AI
1
17BD-00019-AJ
3
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00019-AK
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00019-AL
17BD-00019-AM
1
1
ceramic, marble, toy, unglazed
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00019-AN
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00019-AO
4
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00019-AP
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00019-AQ
1
glass, bottle, wine, cylindrical, turn paste
17BD-00019-AR
101 glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, turn paste
17BD-00019-AS
2
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00019-AT
36
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00019-AU
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00019-AV
13
glass, window glass
17BD-00019-AW
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00019-AX
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00019-AY
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00019-AZ
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00019-BA
1
17BD-00019-BB
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00019-BC
1
Page 17 of 93
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00019-BD
iron alloy, wire, indeterminate
iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
5
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00019-BI
17BD-00019-BJ
17BD-00019-BK
97
1
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
iron alloy, unidentified object
iron alloy, unidentified object
17BD-00019-BL
17BD-00019-BM
1
1
copper alloy, cartridge case, rim fire
brick, bricketage, hand-made
17BD-00019-BN
1
slag or clinker
17BD-00019-BO
13
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00019-BP
8
1
1
1
17BD-00019-BH
22
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00019-BE
17BD-00019-BF
17BD-00019-BG
6
26
4
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1830 17BD-00022-AA
6
17BD-00022-AB
3
17BD-00022-AC
1
17BD-00022-AD
1
17BD-00022-AE
3
17BD-00022-AF
1
17BD-00022-AG
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
red-bodied slipware, hollow form, slip
decorated, other color
Midlands purple, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00022-AH
1
17BD-00022-AI
1
17BD-00022-AJ
1
17BD-00022-AK
2
17BD-00022-AL
1
Page 18 of 93
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Nottingham stoneware, hollow form, cordoned
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00022-AM
17BD-00022-AN
1
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, cordoned
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00022-AQ
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00022-AR
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00022-AS
1
17BD-00022-AT
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00022-AU
1
17BD-00022-AV
8
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00022-AW
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00022-AX
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00022-AY
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00022-AZ
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00022-BA
2
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00022-BB
20
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00022-BC
20
glass, window glass
17BD-00022-BD
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00022-BE
17BD-00022-BF
17BD-00022-BG
1
1
12
brick, bricketage, salt glaze
chert, debitage
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00022-BH
10
1
17BD-00022-AP
24
1
17BD-00022-AO
6
1
3
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1762 17BD-00024-AA
1
tin enamelled ware, ceramic, indeterminate
Page 19 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00024-AB
1
17BD-00024-AC
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00024-AD
1
glass, window glass
6
9
2
1850 OBJ-17BD-00002
copper alloy, sheet metal, cut
7
62
2
1885 17BD-00062-AA
1
17BD-00062-AB
3
17BD-00062-AC
1
17BD-00062-AD
1
17BD-00062-AE
1
17BD-00062-AF
1
17BD-00062-AG
1
17BD-00062-AH
1
17BD-00062-AI
1
17BD-00062-AJ
1
17BD-00062-AK
1
17BD-00062-AL
3
17BD-00062-AM
1
17BD-00062-AN
1
manganese solarized glass, bottle,
indeterminate, crown cap
colored glass, canning jar, lid liner, embossed,
white
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00062-AO
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00062-AP
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00062-AQ
13
glass, window glass
Page 20 of 93
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, scratched and filled, debased,
painted underglaze, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, rouletted
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, platter or dish, painted
underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English soft paste porcelain, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design, painted
underglaze, blue
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00062-AR
17BD-00062-AS
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
1
iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
17BD-00062-AV
1
copper alloy, nail, wire, roofing nail
17BD-00062-AW
1
copper alloy, button, one piece, stamped
17BD-00062-AX
1
copper alloy, wire, indeterminate
17BD-00062-AY
3
brick, bricketage, machine-made
17BD-00062-AZ
1
quartzite, debitage
17BD-00062-BA
4
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00062-BB
12
9
17BD-00062-AU
75
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
17BD-00062-AT
7
2
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1903 17BD-00075-AA
1
17BD-00075-AB
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, plate, indeterminate, undecorated
17BD-00075-AC
1
whiteware, hollow form, undecorated
17BD-00075-AD
1
17BD-00075-AE
1
17BD-00075-AF
2
17BD-00075-AG
1
17BD-00075-AH
1
17BD-00075-AI
1
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Bennington/Rockingham ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design, painted
underglaze, brown
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
Batavian
colorless leaded glass, tumbler, empontilled
17BD-00075-AJ
3
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00075-AK
12
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
Page 21 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00075-AL
2
17BD-00075-AM
7
manganese solarized glass, bottle,
indeterminate, crown cap
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00075-AN
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, white
17BD-00075-AO
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00075-AP
2
colored glass, container, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00075-AQ
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00075-AR
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00075-AS
3
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00075-AT
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00075-AU
105 glass, window glass
17BD-00075-AV
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00075-AW
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00075-AX
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00075-AY
3
17BD-00075-AZ
2
17BD-00075-BA
2
17BD-00075-BB
28
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00075-BC
30
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00075-BD
20
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00075-BE
17BD-00075-BF
17BD-00075-BG
1
5
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
iron alloy, sheet metal
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00075-BH
1
iron alloy, unidentified object
17BD-00075-BI
1
copper alloy, washer, round
Page 22 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
17BD-00075-BJ
17BD-00075-BK
7
85
8
17BD-00075-BL
1844 17BD-00085-AA
17BD-00085-AB
17BD-00085-AC
17BD-00085-AD
3
1
Artifact Description
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
clam shell, shell (organic)
175 oyster shell, shell (organic)
4 creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
1 pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
1 whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
1 black-glazed redware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00085-AE
1
17BD-00085-AF
1
17BD-00085-AG
1
17BD-00085-AH
4
17BD-00085-AI
1
17BD-00085-AJ
1
17BD-00085-AK
1
17BD-00085-AL
1
17BD-00085-AM
1
17BD-00085-AN
2
Staffordshire mottled ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, incised
Staffordshire red sandy ware, ceramic,
indeterminate
coarseware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Westerwald stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, sprig molded, painted
underglaze, blue
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
porcellaneous, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00085-AO
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00085-AP
1
17BD-00085-AQ
1
17BD-00085-AR
1
17BD-00085-AS
6
ceramic, tobacco pipe, domestic nonChesapeake, undecorated
porcelain, button, one piece, Prosser molded,
white
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate,
molded design
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00085-AT
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
Page 23 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00085-AU
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00085-AV
15
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00085-AW
21
glass, window glass
17BD-00085-AX
3
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00085-AY
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00085-AZ
1
17BD-00085-BA
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00085-BB
7
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00085-BC
4
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00085-BD
17BD-00085-BE
17BD-00085-BF
17BD-00085-BG
7
62
2
copper alloy, bottle closure, wine bottle wire
6
1
1
1885 OBJ-17BD-00007
bone, faunal specimen
oyster shell, shell (organic)
unidentified organic
copper alloy, button, one piece, stamped
OBJ-17BD-00008
copper alloy, wire, indeterminate
7
75
12
1903 OBJ-17BD-00011
copper alloy, washer, round
8
8
31
32
1
2
1850 17BD-00032-AA
1
tin enamelled ware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00032-AB
1
17BD-00032-AC
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, hand tooled
finish
glass, window glass
17BD-00032-AD
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00032-AE
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00032-AF
4
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00032-AG
3
oyster shell, shell (organic)
Page 24 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
8
Context
36
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
2
1903 17BD-00036-AA
1 pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00036-AB
1 yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00036-AC
1 refined earthenware, indeterminate, hollow
form, painted underglaze, green
17BD-00036-AD
2 colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00036-AE
1
2
1
11
2
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00036-AN
2
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1850 17BD-00042-AA
1
17BD-00042-AB
1
English bone china, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00042-AC
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00042-AD
5
1
colored glass, container, indeterminate,
machine-made
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, machinemade
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00036-AL
17BD-00036-AM
44
1
17BD-00036-AI
17BD-00036-AJ
17BD-00036-AK
8
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00036-AH
2
1
17BD-00036-AG
42
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00036-AF
8
2
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
1903 17BD-00044-AA
1
ceramic, marble, toy
17BD-00044-AB
1
17BD-00044-AC
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, machine-made
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00044-AD
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00044-AE
25
glass, window glass
17BD-00044-AF
6
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
Page 25 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00044-AG
46
8
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00044-AH
8
4
2
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1885 17BD-00046-AA
1
17BD-00046-AB
4
17BD-00046-AC
1
17BD-00046-AD
1
17BD-00046-AE
1
17BD-00046-AF
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
tin enamelled ware, detached glaze,
undecorated
Wedgwood green ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design, painted
underglaze, green
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, linear, black
creamware, hollow form, undecorated
17BD-00046-AG
2
17BD-00046-AH
1
17BD-00046-AI
1
17BD-00046-AJ
1
17BD-00046-AK
1
17BD-00046-AL
4
17BD-00046-AM
1
17BD-00046-AN
2
17BD-00046-AO
1
17BD-00046-AP
1
17BD-00046-AQ
1
17BD-00046-AR
1
17BD-00046-AS
1
Page 26 of 93
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, plate, indeterminate, shell edge,
painted underglaze, green
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
pearlware, plate, indeterminate, undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate, annular,
polychrome
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00046-AT
1
17BD-00046-AU
2
English bone china, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00046-AV
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00046-AW
1
17BD-00046-AX
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, domestic nonChesapeake, undecorated
colorless leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00046-AY
2
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00046-AZ
1
colorless non-leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00046-BA
2
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00046-BB
1
17BD-00046-BC
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00046-BD
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00046-BE
17BD-00046-BF
17BD-00046-BG
1
11
36
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, window glass
17BD-00046-BH
1
17BD-00046-BI
7
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00046-BJ
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00046-BK
3
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00046-BL
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched
17BD-00046-BM
1
17BD-00046-BN
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00046-BO
1
17BD-00046-BP
39
Page 27 of 93
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00046-BQ
5
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1930 17BD-00017-AA
1
1
17BD-00017-AC
1
17BD-00017-AD
1
whiteware, hollow form, transfer printed
underglaze, stippled, green
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00017-AE
1
colorless leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00017-AF
2
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00017-AG
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00017-AH
2
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00017-AI
17BD-00017-AJ
17BD-00017-AK
3
8
1
17BD-00017-AL
17BD-00017-AM
9
2
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00017-AN
3
copper alloy, nail, wire, roofing nail
17BD-00017-AO
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00017-AP
2
13
bog iron
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
unidentified stone or mineral, stone,
unmodified
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00017-AB
30
1
4
1
17BD-00046-BW
9
coal
17BD-00046-BV
1
2
1
17BD-00046-BS
17BD-00046-BT
17BD-00046-BU
7
17
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00046-BR
9
9
9
1
asbestos, processed, tile, indeterminate
1805 17BD-00030-AA
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Page 28 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00030-AB
17BD-00030-AC
1
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
Chinese porcelain, plate, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, mold blown
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00030-AF
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00030-AG
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00030-AH
3
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00030-AI
17BD-00030-AJ
1
1
17BD-00030-AK
25
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00030-AL
17BD-00030-AM
1
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
bog iron
17BD-00030-AN
1
shale
17BD-00030-AO
1
chert, debitage
17BD-00030-AP
8
1
17BD-00030-AE
40
1
17BD-00030-AD
9
1
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1885 17BD-00040-AA
1
17BD-00040-AB
1
17BD-00040-AC
1
17BD-00040-AD
2
17BD-00040-AE
1
17BD-00040-AF
1
17BD-00040-AG
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate, slip
decorated, blue
ironstone or white granite ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
coarse agate ware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00040-AH
1
Page 29 of 93
English white salt-glazed stoneware, plate,
indeterminate, undecorated
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00040-AI
1
17BD-00040-AJ
1
17BD-00040-AK
1
17BD-00040-AL
1
17BD-00040-AM
1
17BD-00040-AN
1
17BD-00040-AO
1
17BD-00040-AP
1
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
Albany slip
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00040-AQ
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00040-AR
1
17BD-00040-AS
1
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
colorless leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00040-AT
7
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00040-AU
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00040-AV
2
17BD-00040-AW
3
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, molded design
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00040-AX
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00040-AY
5
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00040-AZ
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00040-BA
2
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, turn paste
17BD-00040-BB
1
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00040-BC
20
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00040-BD
11
glass, window glass
Page 30 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00040-BE
1
17BD-00040-BF
8
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00040-BG
6
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00040-BH
1
17BD-00040-BI
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched
17BD-00040-BJ
5
17BD-00040-BK
4
17BD-00040-BL
3
17BD-00040-BM
1
17BD-00040-BN
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00040-BO
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
17BD-00040-BP
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00040-BQ
56
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00040-BR
11
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00040-BS
17BD-00040-BT
17BD-00040-BU
1
1
4
iron alloy, unidentified object
brick, bricketage, hand-made, salt glaze
brick, bricketage
17BD-00040-BV
9
coal
17BD-00040-BW
1
slag or clinker
17BD-00040-BX
1
shale
17BD-00040-BY
17BD-00040-BZ
17BD-00040-CA
2
1
17
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
chert, stone, unmodified
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00040-CB
1
clam shell, shell (organic)
Page 31 of 93
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00040-CC
2
glass, window glass
1
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
1
1
17BD-00064-AI
17BD-00064-AJ
1893 17BD-00003-AA
1
1
1
1
17BD-00003-AC
1
17BD-00003-AD
1
17BD-00003-AE
2
3
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00003-AB
13
14
1
17BD-00064-AH
10
10
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00064-AG
1
1
17BD-00064-AF
3
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00064-AE
10
1
17BD-00064-AD
17
1805 17BD-00064-AA
17BD-00064-AC
64
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00064-AB
9
7
1
1913 17BD-00014-AA
1
17BD-00014-AB
1
17BD-00014-AC
3
17BD-00014-AD
1
17BD-00014-AE
1
17BD-00014-AF
1
Page 32 of 93
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
brick, bricketage
bone, faunal specimen
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate, annular,
blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design
porcelain, button, one piece, Prosser molded,
blue
manganese solarized glass, jar, burst-off and
ground
glass, window glass
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, shell edge,
painted underglaze, green
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00014-AG
1
Bennington/Rockingham ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted underglaze, brown
17BD-00014-AH
1
Buckley ware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00014-AI
1
17BD-00014-AJ
2
17BD-00014-AK
1
17BD-00014-AL
1
17BD-00014-AM
1
17BD-00014-AN
1
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, bead and reel
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
engobe, other color
Chinese porcelain, hollow form, painted
overglaze, red
porcelain, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, Applied Decoration, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00014-AO
2
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00014-AP
4
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00014-AQ
1
17BD-00014-AR
1
17BD-00014-AS
1
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, machine-made
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, two piece
mold, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00014-AT
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00014-AU
4
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00014-AV
12
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00014-AW
1
glass, bottle, case, indeterminate
17BD-00014-AX
16
glass, window glass
17BD-00014-AY
3
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00014-AZ
2
17BD-00014-BA
1
17BD-00014-BB
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches,
clinched
Page 33 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00014-BC
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, over 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00014-BF
17BD-00014-BG
1
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, over 4 inches
iron alloy, nail, wire, roofing nail
17BD-00014-BH
5
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00014-BI
17BD-00014-BJ
17BD-00014-BK
1
1
1
iron alloy, snarge
iron alloy, sheet metal
mortar, mortar, architectural
17BD-00014-BL
17BD-00014-BM
1
1
mortar, mortar, architectural
quartzite, debitage
17BD-00014-BN
21
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00014-BO
18
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00014-BP
8
3
17BD-00014-BE
18
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
17BD-00014-BD
10
1
1
plastic, package or wrap, blue
1828 17BD-00018-AA
1
17BD-00018-AB
1
17BD-00018-AC
1
17BD-00018-AD
3
17BD-00018-AE
1
17BD-00018-AF
1
17BD-00018-AG
1
17BD-00018-AH
1
17BD-00018-AI
1
English delftware, hollow form, painted
underglaze, blue
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, brown
17BD-00018-AJ
1
Page 34 of 93
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00018-AK
1
17BD-00018-AL
1
17BD-00018-AM
1
17BD-00018-AN
1
17BD-00018-AO
1
17BD-00018-AP
1
17BD-00018-AQ
1
17BD-00018-AR
1
17BD-00018-AS
1
17BD-00018-AT
1
17BD-00018-AU
1
17BD-00018-AV
1
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00018-AW
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00018-AX
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00018-AY
1
colorless leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00018-AZ
3
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00018-BA
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00018-BB
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00018-BC
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00018-BD
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, down-tooled
17BD-00018-BE
17BD-00018-BF
2
28
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
Page 35 of 93
Yorktown-type coarse earthenware, ceramic,
indeterminate
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, scratched and filled, painted
underglaze, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, plate,
indeterminate, bead and reel
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Fulham-type stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, cordoned, painted underglaze,
purple
Fulham-type stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, engobe
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted overglaze, polychrome
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00018-BG
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
1
17BD-00018-BJ
1
17BD-00018-BK
2
17BD-00018-BL
17BD-00018-BM
10
4
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00018-BN
1
copper alloy, attachment plate
17BD-00018-BO
1
lead alloy, shot, indeterminate
17BD-00018-BP
1
brick, bricketage, hand-made, salt glaze
17BD-00018-BQ
2
brick, bricketage, hand-made
17BD-00018-BR
4
coal
17BD-00018-BS
17BD-00018-BT
17BD-00018-BU
2
1
42
shale
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00018-BV
2
clam shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00018-BW
17
3
17BD-00018-BI
37
glass, window glass
17BD-00018-BH
10
20
23
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1650 17BD-00037-AA
1
17BD-00037-AB
1
17BD-00037-AC
1
17BD-00037-AD
3
Chinese porcelain, plate, indeterminate,
painted overglaze, polychrome
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted overglaze, red
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00037-AE
2
glass, window glass
17BD-00037-AF
1
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00037-AG
1
bone, faunal specimen
Page 36 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
10
Context
38
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
17
1805 17BD-00038-AA
1 tin enamelled ware, detached glaze,
undecorated
17BD-00038-AB
1 whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00038-AC
1 English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
17BD-00038-AD
1 glass, window glass
17BD-00038-AE
17BD-00038-AF
41
18
10
5
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00038-AG
10
10
1
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
45
1
lead alloy, shot, indeterminate
2
17BD-00043-AA
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00043-AB
11
43
copper alloy, attachment plate
OBJ-17BD-00004
11
1828 OBJ-17BD-00003
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
1775 17BD-00045-AA
1
17BD-00045-AB
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
17BD-00045-AC
1
17BD-00045-AD
1
17BD-00045-AE
1
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
colorless non-leaded glass, bottle,
indeterminate
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00045-AF
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00045-AG
1
17BD-00045-AH
1
colored glass, bottle, pharmaceutical, hand
tooled finish, green
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00045-AI
17BD-00045-AJ
17BD-00045-AK
8
1
2
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00045-AL
1
brick, bricketage
Page 37 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
11
Context
56
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
2
1840 17BD-00056-AA
1 pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
17BD-00056-AB
1 porcelain, button, one piece, Prosser molded,
white
17BD-00056-AC
2 glass, window glass
17BD-00056-AD
17BD-00056-AE
6
2
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00065-AA
1
1
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
coarseware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
2
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00065-AF
66
76
3
17BD-00065-AE
11
11
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00065-AD
6
1
17BD-00065-AC
65
2
17BD-00061-AA
17BD-00065-AB
11
61
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00061-AB
11
1
1
bone, faunal specimen
1885 17BD-00076-AA
1
17BD-00076-AB
1
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
17BD-00076-AC
1
17BD-00076-AD
1
17BD-00076-AE
1
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00076-AF
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00076-AG
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00076-AH
2
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, two piece mold
Page 38 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00076-AI
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
18
5
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, window glass
17BD-00076-AN
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00076-AO
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00076-AP
1
17BD-00076-AQ
4
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00076-AR
8
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00076-AS
3
1
1
17BD-00076-AL
17BD-00076-AM
83
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00076-AJ
17BD-00076-AK
11
1
2
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1850 17BD-00083-AA
1
17BD-00083-AB
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate, molded
design
creamware, hollow form, undecorated
17BD-00083-AC
5
17BD-00083-AD
1
17BD-00083-AE
1
17BD-00083-AF
1
17BD-00083-AG
1
17BD-00083-AH
1
17BD-00083-AI
1
17BD-00083-AJ
1
17BD-00083-AK
4
17BD-00083-AL
1
Page 39 of 93
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, polychrome
English white salt-glazed stoneware, plate,
indeterminate, barleycorn
English white salt-glazed stoneware, plate,
indeterminate, molded design
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, bead and reel
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Staffordshire brown stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00083-AM
1
17BD-00083-AN
1
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00083-AO
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00083-AP
1
17BD-00083-AQ
3
colorless leaded glass, bottle, indeterminate,
molded design
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00083-AR
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00083-AS
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00083-AT
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, down-tooled
17BD-00083-AU
1
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00083-AV
8
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00083-AW
4
glass, window glass
17BD-00083-AX
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00083-AY
1
17BD-00083-AZ
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
17BD-00083-BA
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00083-BB
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00083-BC
3
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00083-BD
1
iron alloy, unidentified object
17BD-00083-BE
17BD-00083-BF
17BD-00083-BG
1
1
1
iron alloy, unidentified object
brick, bricketage
plaster, plaster, architectural
17BD-00083-BH
1
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
17BD-00083-BI
17BD-00083-BJ
24
11
bone, faunal specimen
oyster shell, shell (organic)
Page 40 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
11
Context
86
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
5
1805 17BD-00086-AA
1 English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00086-AB
2 creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00086-AC
1 English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, cordoned
17BD-00086-AD
1 English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
17BD-00086-AE
1 colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00086-AF
glass, window glass
1
17BD-00086-AI
17BD-00086-AJ
17BD-00086-AK
4
3
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, sheet metal
iron alloy, unidentified object
17BD-00086-AL
17BD-00086-AM
9
1
17BD-00086-AH
93
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00086-AG
11
1
1
3
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
bone, faunal specimen
1805 17BD-00093-AA
1
17BD-00093-AB
1
17BD-00093-AC
1
17BD-00093-AD
1
17BD-00093-AE
3
17BD-00093-AF
1
17BD-00093-AG
1
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, molded
design, painted underglaze, blue
Refined Agate, ceramic, indeterminate, engineturned, slip decorated, white
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Nottingham stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, cordoned
English bone china, hollow form, molded
design, painted overglaze, clear or uncolored
17BD-00093-AH
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00093-AI
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00093-AJ
17BD-00093-AK
4
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, bottle, case, indeterminate
Page 41 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00093-AL
17BD-00093-AM
17BD-00093-AN
1
2
12
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00093-AP
57
58
1
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
shale
17BD-00093-AO
12
12
2
1
2
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1907 17BD-00058-AA
1
17BD-00058-AB
1
17BD-00058-AC
1
17BD-00058-AD
1
17BD-00058-AE
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, polychrome
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
17BD-00058-AF
1
17BD-00058-AG
1
17BD-00058-AH
1
17BD-00058-AI
1
17BD-00058-AJ
1
17BD-00058-AK
1
17BD-00058-AL
1
17BD-00058-AM
1
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00058-AN
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00058-AO
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00058-AP
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
Page 42 of 93
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Bennington/Rockingham ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted underglaze, brown
English white salt-glazed stoneware, plate,
indeterminate, barleycorn
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Staffordshire brown stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
American blue and gray stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted underglaze, blue
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00058-AQ
glass, window glass
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00058-AT
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, over 4 inches
17BD-00058-AU
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00058-AV
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00058-AW
3
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00058-AX
1
slag or clinker
17BD-00058-AY
1
chert, debitage
17BD-00058-AZ
1
quartzite, debitage
17BD-00058-BA
1
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00058-BB
1
coral, fossil
17BD-00058-BC
3
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00058-BD
2
3
17BD-00058-AS
70
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00058-AR
12
3
3
1903 17BD-00070-AA
1
plastic, plastic, indeterminate, blonde or
caramel-colored
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
molded design, painted underglaze, blue
17BD-00070-AB
1
17BD-00070-AC
1
17BD-00070-AD
1
17BD-00070-AE
2
17BD-00070-AF
1
17BD-00070-AG
1
17BD-00070-AH
1
Page 43 of 93
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, shell edge,
painted underglaze, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
whiteware, hollow form, molded design
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00070-AI
17BD-00070-AJ
1
1
17BD-00070-AK
1
17BD-00070-AL
1
17BD-00070-AM
1
17BD-00070-AN
1
17BD-00070-AO
1
17BD-00070-AP
4
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, embossed
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, machine-made
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00070-AQ
10
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00070-AR
1
17BD-00070-AS
1
17BD-00070-AT
2
manganese solarized glass, bottle,
pharmaceutical, two piece mold
manganese solarized glass, bottle,
indeterminate
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00070-AU
6
glass, window glass
17BD-00070-AV
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00070-AW
1
17BD-00070-AX
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00070-AY
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
17BD-00070-AZ
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00070-BA
6
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00070-BB
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00070-BC
1
copper alloy, pin, straight, machine-headed
17BD-00070-BD
2
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00070-BE
3
shell, shell (organic)
Page 44 of 93
whiteware, hollow form, undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Native American ceramic, quartz tempered,
ceramic, indeterminate, coil built
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
12
Context
78
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
2
1850 17BD-00078-AA
1 iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
17BD-00078-AB
1 copper alloy, nail, wire, roofing nail
17BD-00078-AC
1885 17BD-00092-AA
1
2
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
1
glass, window glass
1
6
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
2
iron alloy, wire, indeterminate
17BD-00092-AG
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00092-AH
8
mortar, mortar, architectural
17BD-00092-AF
95
1
17BD-00092-AE
12
plaster, plaster, architectural, painted, white
17BD-00092-AD
5
1
17BD-00092-AC
92
4
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00092-AB
12
2
17BD-00091-AD
2
1805 17BD-00091-AA
17BD-00091-AC
91
copper alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00091-AB
12
1
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1840 17BD-00095-AA
1
17BD-00095-AB
1
17BD-00095-AC
1
17BD-00095-AD
8
17BD-00095-AE
5
17BD-00095-AF
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Whieldon-type variegated ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted underglaze,
polychrome
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate, feather
edge
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, hollow form, flow blue, blue
17BD-00095-AG
1
Page 45 of 93
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, molded
design
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00095-AH
17BD-00095-AI
1
17BD-00095-AL
1
17BD-00095-AM
1
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Westerwald stoneware, hollow form, molded
design, painted underglaze, blue
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00095-AN
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00095-AO
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00095-AP
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00095-AQ
2
17BD-00095-AR
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, molded
design, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00095-AS
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00095-AT
10
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00095-AU
12
glass, window glass
17BD-00095-AV
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00095-AW
1
17BD-00095-AX
4
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00095-AY
8
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00095-AZ
10
3
17BD-00095-AK
101
1
17BD-00095-AJ
12
1
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1807 17BD-00101-AA
2
17BD-00101-AB
1
17BD-00101-AC
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, Applied
Decoration, polychrome
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
Page 46 of 93
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
refined earthenware, ceramic, indeterminate,
Applied Decoration, polychrome
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00101-AD
17BD-00101-AE
1
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, plate, indeterminate, molded
design
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, transfer printed underglaze,
stippled, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00101-AK
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00101-AL
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00101-AM
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00101-AN
2
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00101-AO
5
glass, window glass
17BD-00101-AP
2
17BD-00101-AQ
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
shale
17BD-00101-AR
7
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00101-AS
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00049-AA
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00049-AB
2
1
17BD-00101-AJ
50
1
17BD-00101-AI
13
1
17BD-00101-AH
1
1
17BD-00101-AG
49
1
17BD-00101-AF
13
1
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
1886 17BD-00050-AA
1
17BD-00050-AB
1
pearlware, hollow form, painted underglaze,
blue
Bennington/Rockingham ware, lid,
indeterminate, painted underglaze, brown
17BD-00050-AC
1
Page 47 of 93
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00050-AD
7
glass, window glass
1
17BD-00050-AJ
17BD-00050-AK
1
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
1850 17BD-00052-AA
1
17BD-00052-AB
2
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
glass, window glass
17BD-00052-AC
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00052-AD
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00052-AE
6
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00050-AI
53
54
1
17BD-00050-AH
13
13
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, molded
design, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00050-AG
2
1
17BD-00050-AF
52
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, white
17BD-00050-AE
13
1
2
iron alloy, sheet metal
1885 17BD-00054-AA
1
17BD-00054-AB
1
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00054-AC
1
17BD-00054-AD
1
17BD-00054-AE
1
17BD-00054-AF
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, embossed,
amber
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00054-AG
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00054-AH
2
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00054-AI
17BD-00054-AJ
4
1
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
Page 48 of 93
colorless non-leaded glass, container,
indeterminate
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00054-AK
1
bone, faunal specimen
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1885 17BD-00059-AA
1
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00059-AC
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00059-AD
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00059-AE
2
glass, window glass
17BD-00059-AF
1
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00059-AG
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00059-AH
4
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
17BD-00059-AB
60
1
17BD-00054-AP
13
iron alloy, sheet metal
brick, bricketage
17BD-00054-AO
6
2
1
2
17BD-00054-AN
55
59
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00054-AL
17BD-00054-AM
13
13
6
1
bone, faunal specimen
1813 17BD-00060-AA
1
17BD-00060-AB
1
17BD-00060-AC
2
17BD-00060-AD
1
17BD-00060-AE
2
whiteware, plate, indeterminate, shell edge,
painted underglaze, blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ironstone or white granite ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
coarse earthenware, ceramic, indeterminate,
engobe, brown
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00060-AF
4
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00060-AG
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00060-AH
2
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00060-AI
3
glass, window glass
Page 49 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00060-AJ
17BD-00060-AK
67
5
4
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00060-AL
17BD-00060-AM
13
1
1
2
iron alloy, sheet metal
bone, faunal specimen
1870 17BD-00067-AA
1
17BD-00067-AB
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
17BD-00067-AC
1
17BD-00067-AD
1
17BD-00067-AE
1
17BD-00067-AF
1
English white salt-glazed stoneware, plate,
indeterminate, barleycorn
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design
Nottingham stoneware, hollow form,
undecorated
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00067-AG
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00067-AH
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00067-AI
17BD-00067-AJ
17BD-00067-AK
7
9
1
glass, bottle, indeterminate, turn paste
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, window glass
17BD-00067-AL
4
17BD-00067-AM
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00067-AN
1
17BD-00067-AO
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00067-AP
12
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00067-AQ
3
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00067-AR
1
brick, bricketage
17BD-00067-AS
2
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
Page 50 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00067-AT
68
9
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00067-AU
13
3
1
charcoal
1805 17BD-00068-AA
1
creamware, plate, indeterminate, undecorated
17BD-00068-AB
1
17BD-00068-AC
5
17BD-00068-AD
1
17BD-00068-AE
3
17BD-00068-AF
1
17BD-00068-AG
1
17BD-00068-AH
2
17BD-00068-AI
1
17BD-00068-AJ
1
17BD-00068-AK
1
17BD-00068-AL
1
17BD-00068-AM
1
17BD-00068-AN
1
17BD-00068-AO
1
17BD-00068-AP
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Jackfield-type ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
red-bodied slipware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
coarseware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted, black
coarseware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, salt glaze
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, scratched and filled, painted
underglaze, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, scratched and filled, painted
underglaze, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design
Nottingham stoneware, hollow form,
undecorated
Yorktown-type stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, engobe
porcelain, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00068-AQ
3
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00068-AR
1
colorless leaded glass, bottle, indeterminate
17BD-00068-AS
1
colorless leaded glass, flat glass
Page 51 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
17BD-00068-AT
Artifact Description
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00068-AU
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
9
glass, window glass
17BD-00068-AX
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched
17BD-00068-AY
1
17BD-00068-AZ
9
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00068-BA
1
brick, bricketage, hand-made
17BD-00068-BB
2
coal
17BD-00068-BC
1
shale
17BD-00068-BD
1
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
17BD-00068-BE
17BD-00068-BF
17BD-00068-BG
1
18
17BD-00068-AW
27
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00068-AV
14
1
12
1
7
bone, faunal specimen
clam shell, shell (organic)
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1775 17BD-00027-AA
1
17BD-00027-AB
1
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Buckley ware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00027-AC
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00027-AD
2
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00027-AE
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00027-AF
5
glass, window glass
17BD-00027-AG
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00027-AH
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00027-AI
17BD-00027-AJ
1
4
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, snarge
Page 52 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00027-AK
1
3
1
1
17BD-00033-AD
1
17BD-00033-AE
1
bone, faunal specimen
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, black
ironstone or white granite ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design
Jackfield-type ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
molded design
colono ware, ceramic, indeterminate, coil built
17BD-00033-AF
2
17BD-00027-AL
1885 17BD-00033-AA
17BD-00033-AC
33
brick, bricketage, hand-made, salt glaze
17BD-00033-AB
14
1
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00033-AG
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00033-AH
3
3
1
2
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00033-AL
17BD-00033-AM
39
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00033-AI
17BD-00033-AJ
17BD-00033-AK
14
1
3
2
iron alloy, sheet metal
clam shell, shell (organic)
1850 17BD-00039-AA
1
17BD-00039-AB
1
17BD-00039-AC
1
17BD-00039-AD
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate, slip cast,
molded design
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
17BD-00039-AE
1
17BD-00039-AF
1
17BD-00039-AG
1
17BD-00039-AH
1
17BD-00039-AI
1
Page 53 of 93
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
porcelain, button, one piece, Prosser molded,
white
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00039-AJ
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00039-AK
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00039-AL
17BD-00039-AM
1
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, turn paste
17BD-00039-AN
2
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00039-AO
5
glass, window glass
17BD-00039-AP
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00039-AQ
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00039-AR
2
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
17BD-00039-AS
2
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00039-AT
4
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00039-AU
1
iron alloy, unidentified object
17BD-00039-AV
1
iron alloy, key, indeterminate
17BD-00039-AW
1
slag or clinker
17BD-00039-AX
1
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00039-AY
1
clam shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00039-AZ
7
oyster shell, shell (organic)
15
16
48
47
1
1
17BD-00047-AA
1
glass, window glass
16
51
2
1850 17BD-00051-AA
1
17BD-00051-AB
2
17BD-00051-AC
1
17BD-00051-AD
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, handled,
painted underglaze, brown
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Page 54 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00051-AE
17BD-00051-AF
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
1
17BD-00051-AI
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, enamelled, red
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00051-AJ
17BD-00051-AK
1
1
17BD-00051-AL
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, white
colored glass, bottle, pharmaceutical, two piece
mold, aqua
colored glass, bottle, pharmaceutical, aqua
17BD-00051-AM
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00051-AN
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00051-AO
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00051-AP
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00051-AQ
4
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00051-AR
14
glass, window glass
17BD-00051-AS
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00051-AT
2
17BD-00051-AU
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00051-AV
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00051-AW
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00051-AX
8
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00051-AY
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00051-AZ
4
1
17BD-00051-AH
63
1
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, cordoned
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00051-AG
16
1
1
shale
1885 17BD-00063-AA
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Page 55 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00063-AB
17BD-00063-AC
1
17BD-00063-AF
1
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, black
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ironstone or white granite ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
Albany slip
ceramic, flowerpot, molded design
17BD-00063-AG
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00063-AH
1
17BD-00063-AI
2
17BD-00063-AJ
1
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, embossed
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, molded design
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00063-AK
7
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00063-AL
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00063-AM
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00063-AN
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00063-AO
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00063-AP
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00063-AQ
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00063-AR
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00063-AS
2
glass, window glass
17BD-00063-AT
1
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00063-AU
1
coal
17BD-00063-AV
4
4
17BD-00063-AE
72
2
17BD-00063-AD
16
1
4
bone, faunal specimen
1885 17BD-00072-AA
1
ironstone or white granite ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Page 56 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00072-AB
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, white
17BD-00072-AE
1
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00072-AF
2
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00072-AG
1
coal
17BD-00072-AH
5
1
17BD-00072-AD
73
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00072-AC
16
1
1
quartzite, debitage
17BD-00072-AI
1870 17BD-00073-AA
1
1
17BD-00073-AB
1
17BD-00073-AC
1
rubber, processed, button, one piece
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
coarseware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00073-AD
1
17BD-00073-AE
1
17BD-00073-AF
2
17BD-00073-AG
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00073-AH
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00073-AI
1
17BD-00073-AJ
2
colored glass, container, indeterminate, other
color
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, turn paste
17BD-00073-AK
3
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00073-AL
17BD-00073-AM
2
1
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00073-AN
14
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00073-AO
2
iron alloy, sheet metal
Page 57 of 93
colorless non-leaded glass, container,
indeterminate
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00073-AP
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
1
sandstone, debitage
17BD-00073-AS
3
bone, faunal specimen
1762 17BD-00077-AA
3
17BD-00077-AB
1
17BD-00077-AC
1
17BD-00077-AD
1
17BD-00077-AE
1
17BD-00077-AF
1
17BD-00077-AG
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, hollow form, painted
underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ceramic, flowerpot, molded design
17BD-00077-AH
4
ceramic, flowerpot, undecorated
17BD-00077-AI
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00077-AJ
1
17BD-00077-AK
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00077-AL
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, down-tooled
17BD-00077-AM
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00077-AN
4
glass, window glass
17BD-00077-AO
2
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00077-AP
9
1
17BD-00073-AR
77
brick, bricketage
17BD-00073-AQ
16
1
2
coal
17
74
1
1850 17BD-00074-AA
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17
79
2
1885 17BD-00079-AA
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Page 58 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00079-AB
17BD-00079-AC
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00079-AF
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00079-AG
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, white
17BD-00079-AH
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, turn paste
17BD-00079-AI
17BD-00079-AJ
17BD-00079-AK
1
1
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, bottle, case, indeterminate
glass, window glass
17BD-00079-AL
1
17BD-00079-AM
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00079-AN
10
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00079-AO
2
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00079-AP
2
1
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
whiteware, hollow form, transfer printed
underglaze, blue
colorless leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00079-AE
90
1
17BD-00079-AD
17
1
4
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1930 17BD-00090-AA
1
17BD-00090-AB
2
17BD-00090-AC
1
17BD-00090-AD
1
17BD-00090-AE
3
17BD-00090-AF
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
pearlware, hollow form, transfer printed
underglaze, stippled, blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, hollow form, slip decorated, blue
17BD-00090-AG
1
17BD-00090-AH
1
Page 59 of 93
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, molded
design
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00090-AI
1
17BD-00090-AJ
1
17BD-00090-AK
1
17BD-00090-AL
1
17BD-00090-AM
1
17BD-00090-AN
1
17BD-00090-AO
1
17BD-00090-AP
1
17BD-00090-AQ
1
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate, mocha,
polychrome
Staffordshire red sandy ware, ceramic,
indeterminate
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, bead and reel
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, undecorated
Fulham-type stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, engobe
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
porcellaneous, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00090-AR
2
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00090-AS
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00090-AT
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00090-AU
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, white
17BD-00090-AV
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00090-AW
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00090-AX
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00090-AY
4
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00090-AZ
3
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00090-BA
11
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00090-BB
20
glass, window glass
17BD-00090-BC
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00090-BD
6
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
Page 60 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00090-BE
17BD-00090-BF
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00090-BI
17BD-00090-BJ
17BD-00090-BK
28
1
1
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
iron alloy, bottle closure, crown cap
17BD-00090-BL
17BD-00090-BM
4
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
copper alloy, jewelry, ring
17BD-00090-BN
1
lead alloy, scrap
17BD-00090-BO
3
brick, bricketage
17BD-00090-BP
1
17BD-00090-BQ
1
shell plaster, plaster, architectural, painted,
white
mortar, mortar, architectural
17BD-00090-BR
1
bog iron
17BD-00090-BS
17BD-00090-BT
17BD-00090-BU
1
7
6
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
bone, faunal specimen
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00090-BV
2
asbestos, processed, tile, indeterminate
17BD-00090-BW
3
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
17BD-00090-BH
103
2
17BD-00090-BG
17
1
1
bakelite, bakelite, indeterminate, green
1850 17BD-00103-AA
1
17BD-00103-AB
1
17BD-00103-AC
5
17BD-00103-AD
1
17BD-00103-AE
1
17BD-00103-AF
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
Astbury-type ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Page 61 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00103-AG
3
17BD-00103-AH
1
17BD-00103-AI
1
17BD-00103-AJ
1
17BD-00103-AK
1
17BD-00103-AL
1
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Nottingham stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, rouletted
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, hollow form, undecorated
17BD-00103-AM
2
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00103-AN
1
17BD-00103-AO
1
colorless leaded glass, table glass, molded
design
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00103-AP
3
17BD-00103-AQ
3
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, molded
design, blue
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00103-AR
9
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00103-AS
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00103-AT
30
glass, window glass
17BD-00103-AU
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00103-AV
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00103-AW
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00103-AX
1
17BD-00103-AY
5
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00103-AZ
4
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00103-BA
1
coal
17BD-00103-BB
7
bone, faunal specimen
Page 62 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
17BD-00103-BC
3
Artifact Description
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17
90
2
1930 OBJ-17BD-00012
18
80
1
1762 17BD-00080-AA
1
17BD-00080-AB
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
colorless non-leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00080-AC
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00080-AD
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1903 17BD-00084-AA
2
17BD-00084-AB
1
17BD-00084-AC
1
17BD-00084-AD
1
17BD-00084-AE
1
17BD-00084-AF
1
17BD-00084-AG
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, hollow form, painted underglaze,
blue
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
whiteware, plate, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, green
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Nottingham stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, incised
American blue and gray stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted underglaze, blue
17BD-00084-AH
1
17BD-00084-AI
1
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00084-AJ
1
ceramic, ceramic, indeterminate, unglazed
17BD-00084-AK
4
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00084-AL
2
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00084-AM
1
17BD-00084-AN
8
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, two piece mold
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00084-AO
3
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00084-AP
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, machinemade, molded design, amber
18
84
2
copper alloy, jewelry, ring
Page 63 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00084-AQ
1
17BD-00084-AR
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, machinemade, amber
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00084-AS
1
colored glass, bottle, pharmaceutical, aqua
17BD-00084-AT
1
17BD-00084-AU
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00084-AV
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00084-AW
1
17BD-00084-AX
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, molded
design, green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00084-AY
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00084-AZ
7
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00084-BA
14
glass, window glass
17BD-00084-BB
1
17BD-00084-BC
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00084-BD
5
17BD-00084-BE
4
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00084-BF
17BD-00084-BG
1
25
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00084-BH
1
iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
17BD-00084-BI
17BD-00084-BJ
17BD-00084-BK
1
1
1
17BD-00084-BL
17BD-00084-BM
1
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
iron alloy, unidentified object
copper alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
copper alloy, unidentified object
brick, bricketage
17BD-00084-BN
3
slag or clinker
Page 64 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00084-BO
2
3
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00084-BQ
100
quartz, debitage
17BD-00084-BP
18
1
1
shell, fossil
1930 17BD-00100-AA
2
17BD-00100-AB
2
17BD-00100-AC
1
17BD-00100-AD
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted underglaze, blue
17BD-00100-AE
1
17BD-00100-AF
1
17BD-00100-AG
2
17BD-00100-AH
1
17BD-00100-AI
1
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Westerwald stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design, painted
underglaze, blue
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00100-AJ
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00100-AK
2
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00100-AL
1
17BD-00100-AM
1
17BD-00100-AN
15
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, embossed
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, embossed
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00100-AO
1
17BD-00100-AP
1
17BD-00100-AQ
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00100-AR
11
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
Page 65 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00100-AS
17BD-00100-AT
4
glass, window glass
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
4
17BD-00100-AZ
8
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00100-BA
1
iron alloy, attachment plate
17BD-00100-BB
7
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00100-BC
1
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00100-BD
3
asbestos, processed, tile, indeterminate
17BD-00082-AA
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00082-AB
2
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00100-AY
87
2
17BD-00100-AX
19
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00100-AW
1
2
1
17BD-00100-AV
81
82
1
colored glass, container, indeterminate,
machine-made, green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00100-AU
19
19
1
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
1903 17BD-00087-AA
1
17BD-00087-AB
1
17BD-00087-AC
1
17BD-00087-AD
2
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Yorktown-type coarse earthenware, ceramic,
indeterminate
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00087-AE
1
17BD-00087-AF
2
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, machine-made
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00087-AG
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00087-AH
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
Page 66 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00087-AI
17BD-00087-AJ
17BD-00087-AK
1
copper alloy, wire, electrical
1
brick, bricketage
3
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00087-AQ
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1807 17BD-00088-AA
1
17BD-00088-AB
1
17BD-00088-AC
1
whiteware, hollow form, transfer printed
underglaze, stippled, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00088-AD
3
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00088-AE
2
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00088-AF
15
glass, window glass
17BD-00088-AG
3
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00088-AH
2
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00087-AP
89
3
17BD-00087-AO
19
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00087-AN
2
1
17BD-00087-AM
88
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, window glass
colored glass, flat glass, green
17BD-00087-AL
19
3
3
1
4
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00088-AI
1885 17BD-00089-AA
4
1
17BD-00089-AB
1
17BD-00089-AC
1
17BD-00089-AD
1
17BD-00089-AE
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate, beaded,
slip decorated, blue
Fulham-type stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, engobe
colorless leaded glass, flat glass
17BD-00089-AF
2
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
Page 67 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00089-AG
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00089-AH
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, brown
17BD-00089-AI
17BD-00089-AJ
17BD-00089-AK
1
2
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00089-AL
1
17BD-00089-AM
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, two piece
mold, green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00089-AN
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00089-AO
111 glass, window glass
17BD-00089-AP
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00089-AQ
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00089-AR
1
17BD-00089-AS
5
17BD-00089-AT
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00089-AU
3
17BD-00089-AV
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
17BD-00089-AW
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00089-AX
18
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00089-AY
4
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00089-AZ
1
brick, bricketage
17BD-00089-BA
1
coal
17BD-00089-BB
1
quartz, debitage
17BD-00089-BC
1
bone, faunal specimen
Page 68 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
19
Context
97
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
2
1903 17BD-00097-AA
1 colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, machinemade, amber
17BD-00097-AB
1 colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00097-AC
19
98
2
1
glass, window glass
1930 17BD-00098-AA
1
17BD-00098-AB
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, hollow form, rouletted
17BD-00098-AC
2
17BD-00098-AD
1
17BD-00098-AE
1
17BD-00098-AF
1
17BD-00098-AG
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00098-AH
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00098-AI
1
17BD-00098-AJ
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate,
molded design
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00098-AK
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00098-AL
1
17BD-00098-AM
1
17BD-00098-AN
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, machinemade, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00098-AO
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00098-AP
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00098-AQ
5
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00098-AR
6
glass, window glass
17BD-00098-AS
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
Page 69 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00098-AT
17BD-00098-AU
1
iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
17BD-00098-AX
2
brick, bricketage
17BD-00098-AY
3
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00098-AZ
5
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00098-BA
3
4
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, handheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00098-AW
102
1
17BD-00098-AV
19
2
1
asbestos, processed, tile, indeterminate
1885 17BD-00102-AA
1
17BD-00102-AB
1
17BD-00102-AC
1
17BD-00102-AD
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
tin enamelled ware, detached glaze, painted
underglaze, blue
tin enamelled ware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00102-AE
2
17BD-00102-AF
1
17BD-00102-AG
1
17BD-00102-AH
1
17BD-00102-AI
1
17BD-00102-AJ
1
17BD-00102-AK
1
17BD-00102-AL
1
17BD-00102-AM
1
Page 70 of 93
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, sponged,
blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ironstone or white granite ware, plate,
indeterminate, undecorated
ironstone or white granite ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Jackfield-type ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Bennington/Rockingham ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted underglaze, brown
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00102-AN
1
17BD-00102-AO
1
17BD-00102-AP
1
17BD-00102-AQ
1
17BD-00102-AR
1
17BD-00102-AS
1
17BD-00102-AT
1
17BD-00102-AU
1
17BD-00102-AV
1
17BD-00102-AW
1
17BD-00102-AX
1
17BD-00102-AY
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, molded
design
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00102-AZ
4
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00102-BA
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00102-BB
1
colorless leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00102-BC
5
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00102-BD
1
17BD-00102-BE
1
colorless non-leaded glass, bottle,
indeterminate, two piece mold
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00102-BF
1
17BD-00102-BG
1
Page 71 of 93
English white salt-glazed stoneware, hollow
form, scratched and filled, painted underglaze,
blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, scratched and filled, painted
underglaze, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, molded design, painted
underglaze, blue
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, barleycorn
English white salt-glazed stoneware, plate,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Westerwald stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted overglaze, polychrome
porcellaneous, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
porcelain, button, one piece, Prosser molded
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, embossed
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00102-BH
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00102-BI
5
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00102-BJ
17BD-00102-BK
1
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00102-BL
17BD-00102-BM
1
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00102-BN
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00102-BO
2
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00102-BP
25
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00102-BQ
85
glass, window glass
17BD-00102-BR
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00102-BS
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00102-BT
17BD-00102-BU
1
5
17BD-00102-BV
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, over 4 inches
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00102-BW
1
17BD-00102-BX
2
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00102-BY
17BD-00102-BZ
17BD-00102-CA
19
1
11
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, bottle closure, crown cap
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00102-CB
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00102-CC
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00102-CD
4
brick, bricketage
17BD-00102-CE
17BD-00102-CF
17BD-00102-CG
1
4
9
plaster, plaster, architectural
mortar, mortar, architectural
coal
Page 72 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00102-CH
2
shale
17BD-00102-CI
17BD-00102-CJ
17BD-00102-CK
2
25
1
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
bone, faunal specimen
shell, fossil
7
10
oyster shell, shell (organic)
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, machinemade, green
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, handled,
press molded, molded design
pearlware, hollow form, undecorated
22
96
1
17BD-00102-CL
1903 17BD-00096-AA
22
99
2
1903 17BD-00099-AA
2
17BD-00099-AB
1
17BD-00099-AC
1
17BD-00099-AD
2
17BD-00099-AE
1
17BD-00099-AF
1
17BD-00099-AG
1
17BD-00099-AH
1
17BD-00099-AI
1
17BD-00099-AJ
1
17BD-00099-AK
1
17BD-00099-AL
1
17BD-00099-AM
1
Staffordshire red sandy ware, ceramic,
indeterminate
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
porcelain, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00099-AN
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00099-AO
1
ceramic, flowerpot, undecorated
17BD-00099-AP
4
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00099-AQ
1
colorless non-leaded glass, bottle,
indeterminate, machine-made
Page 73 of 93
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, molded
design
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Astbury-type ware, hollow form, cordoned
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00099-AR
1
colorless non-leaded glass, bottle,
indeterminate, machine-made, embossed
17BD-00099-AS
3
17BD-00099-AT
18
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, machine-made
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00099-AU
1
17BD-00099-AV
1
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, multi-piece mold
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00099-AW
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, white
17BD-00099-AX
1
17BD-00099-AY
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, machinemade, amber
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00099-AZ
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00099-BA
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00099-BB
2
17BD-00099-BC
5
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, machinemade, green
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00099-BD
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00099-BE
17BD-00099-BF
1
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, flat-tooled
17BD-00099-BG
1
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00099-BH
3
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00099-BI
17BD-00099-BJ
32
1
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00099-BK
5
17BD-00099-BL
17BD-00099-BM
2
2
17BD-00099-BN
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
Page 74 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00099-BO
17BD-00099-BP
1
1
1
iron alloy, unidentified object
iron alloy, unidentified object
copper alloy, tack, indeterminate
1
brick, bricketage
1
plaster, plaster, architectural
17BD-00099-BX
1
shale
17BD-00099-BY
17BD-00099-BZ
17BD-00099-CA
1
2
1
slate, tile, roofing
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
quartz, debitage
17BD-00099-CB
7
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00099-CC
6
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1762 17BD-00118-AA
1
17BD-00118-AB
1
17BD-00118-AC
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, embossed
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00118-AD
2
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00118-AE
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00118-AF
5
iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
17BD-00099-BW
119
3
17BD-00099-BV
22
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00099-BS
17BD-00099-BT
17BD-00099-BU
3
18
17BD-00099-BR
118
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00099-BQ
22
2
2
glass, window glass
1850 17BD-00119-AA
3
17BD-00119-AB
5
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, machine-made
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00119-AC
2
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
Page 75 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
17BD-00119-AD
22
99
2
1
1903 OBJ-17BD-00013
3
1
17BD-00106-AD
1
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, engobe, brown
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00106-AE
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00106-AF
1
17BD-00106-AG
1
17BD-00106-AH
2
colorless non-leaded glass, glass,
indeterminate, molded design
manganese solarized glass, glass,
indeterminate, molded design
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00106-AI
17BD-00106-AJ
17BD-00106-AK
1
3
3
17BD-00106-AL
2
17BD-00106-AM
1
17BD-00106-AN
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
glass, window glass
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00106-AO
2
1
17BD-00106-AC
107
1
1885 17BD-00106-AA
17BD-00106-AB
23
106
iron alloy, nail, wire, over 4 inches
colorless non-leaded glass, bottle,
indeterminate, machine-made
copper alloy, tack, indeterminate
OBJ-17BD-00014
23
Artifact Description
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1850 17BD-00107-AA
1
17BD-00107-AB
1
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, brown
17BD-00107-AC
1
17BD-00107-AD
1
17BD-00107-AE
1
Page 76 of 93
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, molded
design, sponged, blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00107-AF
1
17BD-00107-AG
1
17BD-00107-AH
1
17BD-00107-AI
1
17BD-00107-AJ
1
17BD-00107-AK
1
17BD-00107-AL
1
Westerwald stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, incised, painted underglaze,
blue
Fulham-type stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
American stoneware, hollow form,
undecorated
porcelain, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
ceramic, ceramic, indeterminate, undecorated
17BD-00107-AM
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00107-AN
3
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00107-AO
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00107-AP
1
17BD-00107-AQ
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, two piece
mold, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00107-AR
1
17BD-00107-AS
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, machinemade
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00107-AT
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00107-AU
2
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00107-AV
4
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00107-AW
9
glass, window glass
17BD-00107-AX
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00107-AY
11
17BD-00107-AZ
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
Page 77 of 93
ironstone or white granite ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, painted underglaze, blue
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00107-BA
17BD-00107-BB
1
copper alloy, cartridge case, indeterminate
1
1
copper alloy, sheet metal
slag or clinker
2
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
17BD-00107-BI
17BD-00107-BJ
17BD-00107-BK
1
1
4
bone, faunal specimen
oyster shell, fossil
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1805 17BD-00125-AA
1
17BD-00125-AB
3
refined earthenware, indeterminate, lid,
indeterminate
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00125-AC
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00125-AD
3
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00125-AE
3
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00125-AF
5
17BD-00125-AG
6
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00125-AH
7
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00107-BH
126
19
17BD-00107-BF
17BD-00107-BG
23
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00107-BE
7
1
17BD-00107-BD
125
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
17BD-00107-BC
23
1
1
iron alloy, unidentified object
17BD-00125-AI
17BD-00125-AJ
1885 17BD-00126-AA
2
1
1
17BD-00126-AB
1
17BD-00126-AC
2
17BD-00126-AD
1
coal
oyster shell, shell (organic)
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, painted
underglaze, green
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
Page 78 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00126-AE
1
17BD-00126-AF
1
17BD-00126-AG
2
American stoneware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English bone china, hollow form, undecorated
17BD-00126-AH
2
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00126-AI
2
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00126-AJ
17BD-00126-AK
1
4
manganese solarized glass, table glass
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00126-AL
17BD-00126-AM
1
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, green
17BD-00126-AN
3
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00126-AO
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00126-AP
3
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00126-AQ
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00126-AR
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate, embossed
17BD-00126-AS
6
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00126-AT
8
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00126-AU
52
glass, window glass
17BD-00126-AV
4
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00126-AW
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00126-AX
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00126-AY
1
17BD-00126-AZ
2
17BD-00126-BA
7
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches
Page 79 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00126-BB
17BD-00126-BC
iron alloy, sheet metal
8
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
copper alloy, bottle closure, wine bottle wire
17BD-00126-BG
1
brick, brick bat, hand-made
17BD-00126-BH
3
brick, bricketage
17BD-00126-BI
17BD-00126-BJ
17BD-00126-BK
2
10
4
plaster, plaster, architectural
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00126-BL
17BD-00126-BM
14
4
17BD-00126-BE
17BD-00126-BF
128
13
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00126-BD
23
1
1
5
shell, fossil
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1830 17BD-00128-AA
1
17BD-00128-AB
2
17BD-00128-AC
1
17BD-00128-AD
1
17BD-00128-AE
6
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate, slip
decorated, white
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
glass, window glass
17BD-00128-AF
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00128-AG
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00128-AH
1
17BD-00128-AI
17BD-00128-AJ
17BD-00128-AK
6
1
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, sheet metal
iron alloy, unidentified object
17BD-00128-AL
17BD-00128-AM
2
2
plaster, plaster, architectural
coal
17BD-00128-AN
11
bone, faunal specimen
Page 80 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
23
Context
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
1
1
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
4
glass, window glass
1
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00131-AI
1959 17BD-00104-AA
1
5
shell plaster, plaster, architectural
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
1
iron alloy, wire, indeterminate
1
copper alloy, coin, American, penny, embossed
1913 17BD-00105-AA
1
17BD-00105-AB
1
colored glass, bead, press molded, molded
design, black
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00105-AC
2
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00105-AD
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00105-AE
8
glass, window glass
17BD-00105-AF
4
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00105-AG
2
5
17BD-00104-AC
109
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
English bone china, hollow form, undecorated
17BD-00104-AB
24
1
17BD-00131-AH
2
1830 17BD-00131-AA
17BD-00131-AG
105
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00131-AF
24
2
17BD-00131-AE
1
copper alloy, wire, indeterminate
17BD-00131-AD
104
1
17BD-00131-AC
24
glass, window glass
17BD-00131-AB
16
1
17BD-00130-AC
131
17BD-00130-AA
17BD-00130-AB
23
130
Master
Context
15
Appendix A: Finds List
1
plastic, package or wrap, polychrome
1930 17BD-00109-AA
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Page 81 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00109-AB
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00109-AE
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00109-AF
13
glass, window glass
17BD-00109-AG
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00109-AH
6
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00109-AI
17BD-00109-AJ
17BD-00109-AK
1
1
2
iron alloy, attachment plate
iron alloy, sheet metal
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00109-AL
17BD-00109-AM
2
1
17BD-00109-AD
114
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00109-AC
24
1
2
1
asbestos, processed, tile, indeterminate
shell mortar, mortar, architectural
1920 17BD-00114-AA
1
17BD-00114-AB
1
17BD-00114-AC
1
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
English bone china, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
porcellaneous, hollow form, undecorated
17BD-00114-AD
1
colorless non-leaded glass, flat glass
17BD-00114-AE
1
colored glass, ceramic, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00114-AF
1
17BD-00114-AG
1
17BD-00114-AH
1
17BD-00114-AI
17BD-00114-AJ
1
2
17BD-00114-AK
4
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, embossed,
aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, mold
blown, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00114-AL
1
Page 82 of 93
colored glass, bottle, pharmaceutical, two piece
mold, green
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00114-AM
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
5
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00114-AP
69
glass, window glass
17BD-00114-AQ
1
17BD-00114-AR
4
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches,
clinched
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00114-AS
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00114-AT
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00114-AU
3
17BD-00114-AV
3
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00114-AW
1
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00114-AX
30
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00114-AY
3
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00114-AZ
1
copper alloy, pen, fountain, nib
17BD-00114-BA
1
slate, stone, indeterminate, worked
17BD-00114-BB
1
quartz, debitage
17BD-00114-BC
1
shell, fossil
17BD-00114-BD
2
2
17BD-00114-AO
123
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00114-AN
24
1
2
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1850 17BD-00123-AA
1
17BD-00123-AB
1
17BD-00123-AC
1
17BD-00123-AD
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, shell edge,
painted underglaze, blue
pearlware, plate, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
coarseware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate
Page 83 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00123-AE
2
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00123-AF
1
17BD-00123-AG
1
colorless non-leaded glass, container,
indeterminate
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00123-AH
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, embossed
17BD-00123-AI
17BD-00123-AJ
17BD-00123-AK
1
2
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00123-AL
1
colored glass, bottle, indeterminate, green
17BD-00123-AM
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00123-AN
1
glass, bottle, case, indeterminate
17BD-00123-AO
21
glass, window glass
17BD-00123-AP
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00123-AQ
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
17BD-00123-AR
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00123-AS
3
17BD-00123-AT
3
17BD-00123-AU
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00123-AV
8
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00123-AW
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00123-AX
1
copper alloy, wire, indeterminate
17BD-00123-AY
2
brick, bricketage, salt glaze
17BD-00123-AZ
1
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00123-BA
2
oyster shell, shell (organic)
Page 84 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
24
Context
124
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
4
1850 17BD-00124-AA
1 whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00124-AB
1 whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00124-AC
1 yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
cordoned, annular, polychrome
17BD-00124-AD
1 colorless leaded glass, lamp part, lamp
chimney, molded design
17BD-00124-AE
15 colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00124-AF
1
colorless non-leaded glass, table glass
17BD-00124-AG
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00124-AH
5
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00124-AI
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00124-AJ
17BD-00124-AK
1
1
17BD-00124-AL
1
17BD-00124-AM
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, white
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, mold
blown, amber
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, mold
blown, amber
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00124-AN
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00124-AO
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00124-AP
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00124-AQ
3
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00124-AR
3
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00124-AS
24
glass, window glass
17BD-00124-AT
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00124-AU
5
17BD-00124-AV
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, less than 2 inches
17BD-00124-AW
3
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
Page 85 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00124-AX
3
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00124-AY
1
copper alloy, unidentified object
17BD-00124-AZ
1
lead alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00124-BA
1
mortar, mortar, architectural
17BD-00124-BB
4
coal
17BD-00124-BC
1
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00124-BD
12
oyster shell, shell (organic)
24
104
1
1959 OBJ-17BD-00015
copper alloy, coin, American, penny, embossed
24
114
2
1920 OBJ-17BD-00016
copper alloy, pen, fountain, nib
26
26
108
113
1
2
1805 17BD-00113-AA
1
17BD-00113-AB
1
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00113-AC
1
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00113-AD
1
17BD-00113-AE
3
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, embossed,
green
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00113-AF
3
glass, window glass
17BD-00113-AG
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00113-AH
1
1790 17BD-00116-AA
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00116-AB
2
glass, window glass
17BD-00116-AC
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00116-AD
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
17BD-00116-AE
1
iron alloy, sheet metal
26
116
2
Page 86 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
26
Context
120
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
2
1903 17BD-00120-AA
1 English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, purple
17BD-00120-AB
1
17BD-00120-AC
2
17BD-00120-AD
1
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
tin enamelled ware, ceramic, indeterminate
17BD-00120-AE
1
creamware, plate, indeterminate, undecorated
17BD-00120-AF
2
17BD-00120-AG
1
17BD-00120-AH
1
17BD-00120-AI
1
17BD-00120-AJ
1
17BD-00120-AK
1
17BD-00120-AL
1
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
ironstone or white granite ware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
yellow ware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
porcelain, button, one piece, Prosser molded
17BD-00120-AM
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00120-AN
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00120-AO
1
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00120-AP
1
manganese solarized glass, bottle,
indeterminate, machine-made, embossed
17BD-00120-AQ
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00120-AR
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00120-AS
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00120-AT
1
glass, bottle, wine, dip molded
17BD-00120-AU
12
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
Page 87 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00120-AV
iron alloy, nail, wrought, less than 2 inches
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00120-AY
2
17BD-00120-AZ
3
17BD-00120-BA
2
17BD-00120-BB
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched,
machine-headed
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00120-BC
1
17BD-00120-BD
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00120-BE
17BD-00120-BF
17BD-00120-BG
5
1
1
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, attachment plate
copper alloy, hardware, indeterminate
17BD-00120-BH
3
6
17BD-00120-AX
129
glass, window glass
17BD-00120-AW
26
28
9
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00120-BI
1839 17BD-00129-AA
2
1
17BD-00129-AB
1
17BD-00129-AC
1
17BD-00129-AD
1
17BD-00129-AE
1
17BD-00129-AF
1
oyster shell, shell (organic)
English delftware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
Fulham-type stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Westerwald stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, sprig molded, painted
underglaze, blue
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00129-AG
1
colorless non-leaded glass, flat glass
17BD-00129-AH
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00129-AI
17BD-00129-AJ
3
9
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
glass, window glass
Page 88 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00129-AK
17BD-00129-AL
4
bone, faunal specimen
2
oyster shell, shell (organic)
17BD-00129-AR
1
rubber, processed, unidentified object
17BD-00112-AA
1
17BD-00112-AB
1
refined earthenware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted overglaze, clear or uncolored
17BD-00112-AC
1
ceramic, tobacco pipe, imported, undecorated
17BD-00112-AD
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00112-AE
3
glass, window glass
17BD-00112-AF
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00112-AG
2
plaster, plaster, architectural
17BD-00129-AQ
117
1
17BD-00129-AP
27
1
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, 2 to 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, over 4 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00129-AO
1
2
1
17BD-00129-AN
110
112
1
17BD-00129-AM
27
27
2
1
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
1885 17BD-00117-AA
1
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, stippled, blue
17BD-00117-AB
1
17BD-00117-AC
1
stoneware, indeterminate, ceramic,
indeterminate, engobe
colorless leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00117-AD
1
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00117-AE
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00117-AF
1
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
Page 89 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00117-AG
2
3
17BD-00117-AI
17BD-00117-AJ
17BD-00117-AK
121
glass, window glass
17BD-00117-AH
27
5
1
1
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
1820 17BD-00121-AA
1
17BD-00121-AB
1
17BD-00121-AC
1
17BD-00121-AD
1
17BD-00121-AE
1
17BD-00121-AF
1
17BD-00121-AG
1
17BD-00121-AH
1
17BD-00121-AI
1
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted underglaze, blue
porcellaneous, ceramic, indeterminate, beaded
17BD-00121-AJ
17BD-00121-AK
1
1
porcelain, indeterminate, door knob
colorless non-leaded glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00121-AL
1
17BD-00121-AM
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, mold
blown, aqua
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00121-AN
3
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, aqua
17BD-00121-AO
2
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, green
17BD-00121-AP
10
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00121-AQ
40
glass, window glass
17BD-00121-AR
2
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
Page 90 of 93
creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
pearlware, hollow form, painted underglaze,
blue
pearlware, plate, indeterminate, transfer
printed underglaze, blue
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
local coarse earthenware, ceramic,
indeterminate
English white salt-glazed stoneware, ceramic,
indeterminate, undecorated
Chinese porcelain, ceramic, indeterminate,
painted overglaze, polychrome
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00121-AS
1
iron alloy, unidentified object
1
charcoal
17BD-00121-AY
3
bone, faunal specimen
17BD-00121-AZ
1
shell, button, one piece, worked
17BD-00121-BA
1
shell, button, one piece, worked
1885 17BD-00127-AA
1
17BD-00127-AB
1
17BD-00127-AC
1
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
refined earthenware, indeterminate, hollow
form
manganese solarized glass, glass, indeterminate
17BD-00127-AD
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, white
17BD-00127-AE
1
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, amber
17BD-00127-AF
2
glass, window glass
17BD-00127-AG
1
iron alloy, nail, wrought, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00127-AH
1
17BD-00127-AI
17BD-00127-AJ
17BD-00127-AK
1
1
3
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
iron alloy, strap, indeterminate
iron alloy, sheet metal
17BD-00127-AL
17BD-00127-AM
2
iron alloy, unidentified object
17BD-00121-AX
121
1
17BD-00121-AW
27
6
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00121-AV
4
2
17BD-00121-AU
127
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, clinched
17BD-00121-AT
27
1
1
1
brick, bricketage
coal
1820 OBJ-17BD-00017
shell, button, one piece, worked
OBJ-17BD-00018
shell, button, one piece, worked
Page 91 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
28
Context
111
Appendix A: Finds List
Master
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
Context
1
1805 17BD-00111-AA
2 creamware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00111-AB
1 pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00111-AC
2 pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00111-AD
1 whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
17BD-00111-AE
1 glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00111-AF
1860 17BD-00115-AA
3
2
4
17BD-00115-AD
1
17BD-00115-AE
1
pearlware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate, molded
design
whiteware, ceramic, indeterminate,
undecorated
colored glass, glass, indeterminate, enamelled,
polychrome
glass, bottle, wine, indeterminate
17BD-00115-AF
5
glass, window glass
17BD-00115-AG
3
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches, clinched
17BD-00115-AH
3
iron alloy, nail, wire, 2 to 4 inches
17BD-00115-AI
17BD-00115-AJ
17BD-00115-AK
1
2
2
iron alloy, nail, wire, over 4 inches
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
copper alloy, nail, wire, roofing nail
17BD-00115-AL
17BD-00115-AM
7
iron alloy, sheet metal
iron alloy, unidentified object
iron alloy, unidentified object
17BD-00115-AC
122
1
1
1
17BD-00115-AB
28
2
iron alloy, nail, cut, less than 2 inches, machineheaded
iron alloy, nail, indeterminate, fragment
17BD-00111-AI
17BD-00111-AJ
17BD-00111-AK
2
1
17BD-00111-AH
115
glass, window glass
17BD-00111-AG
28
2
2
1
bone, faunal specimen
oyster shell, shell (organic)
1600 17BD-00122-AA
2
Staffordshire red sandy ware, ceramic,
indeterminate
Page 92 of 93
�17BD Raleigh Tavern Survey
Unit
Number
Context
Master
Context
Appendix A: Finds List
TPQ Catalog Number Count
Artifact Description
17BD-00122-AB
1
glass, window glass
17BD-00122-AC
1
bone, faunal specimen
Page 93 of 93
�
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A Phase I Archaeological Assessment of the Raleigh Tavern Back Lot, 17BD
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Raleigh Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.)
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Schweickart, Eric
Gary, Jack
Poole, Meredith M.
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
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2020-06
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Archaeology
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Text
as good a joiner as any in Virginia"
African- Americans in the Eighteenth- Century Building Trades
Vanessa E. Patrick
1995
Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
Library
Research Report Series -
John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Williamsburg, Virginia
2000
363
�as
good
a
joiner
as
any in Virginia"
African- Americans in the
Eighteenth- Century
Building
Trades
A Sourcebook
This project made possible
by a generous gift from
Sally and Jim Thomas
compiled and with an introduction by
Vanessa E. Patrick
Department of Architectural Research
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
1995
�Contents
An Introduction
Craft Training
A Diversity of Work
Circumstances
The Sourcebook and its Applications
Selected Bibliography
The Sourcebook
Diskettes
How to Use the Sourcebook
Part 1 - Virginia
Part 2 - Other Locations
�as good a joiner as any in Virginia"
African- Americans
in the
Eighteenth-Century Building Trades
An Introduction
One of the greatest challenges facing historians of colonial America is
for material
the search
evidence
The objects
of African- American life.
used
and created by the enslaved majority and the free minority have proved to be
largely
fragile, impermanent
and
difficult
often
to
identify. Once discovered,
they endow plantation journals and tax records with a heightened degree of
eloquence
and in themselves speak
directly of individual
hopes and trials.
The
metal button and bone fish- hook are especially important to the history
museum striving to interpret the past in immediate and compelling ways.
African- American material culture, however, was not limited to small, portable
items, but embraced houses, outbuildings, bridges, roads--in short every manmade element
of the colonial
landscape.
Sometimes
such structures,
like most
moveable objects, have come to light only through archaeological investigation.
Many others, particularly buildings, have remained clearly in view to this day.
A walk along Williamsburg' s Duke of Gloucester Street, or in any locality in
which eighteenth- century architecture has survived, reveals the sites and,
indeed,
the
products of African- American
endeavor.
This most extensive yet
accessible artifact of African- American life includes not only living spaces and
workplaces,
but the tangible
results
It owes its
of labor and creativity.
existence to the significant numbers of slaves and free blacks employed in the
building
This introduction
trades.
contributed
to the
building
considers those African- Americans who
of eighteenth- century
Virginia.
All of the
documentary references to specific individuals cited in the discussion may be
found
in the Sourcebook
introduction
is
a
selected
section
of
this volume.
bibliography
of
Immediately following the
pertinent
secondary
works.
�2
African-Americans worked in every facet of the colonial building
process, from preparation of materials to decorative finishing, and in every
capacity, from unskilled
laborer
to
accomplished
craftsman.
With their fellow
artisans among the indentured servants, convicts, apprentices and free
individuals of European and Native American descent, they constituted one of
the very largest occupational
in
groups
the
In eighteenth- century
colonies.
Virginia only agriculture claimed larger numbers of workers than the building
trades in both the free and enslaved
segments
of the population.
The
Sourcebook references for Virginia, spanning the years 1717 to 1825, include
some
302 African- American
carpenters
outnumber
all
building
tradesmen
other tradesmen,
known
accounting
by
name.
The
for 52% of the total, and
when joined by the carpenter- joiners, carpenter- painters and other dual
dominate
specialists
they truly
is held
the sawyers at
follow
by
at about 5%
painters and
and
millwrights
a
at
approximately 70%.
A distant second place
roughly 21% of the total, and bricklayers and masons
little better than 2% respectively.
make
up the remaining
2%
Brickmakers,
of the named
craftsmen.
These relative percentages hold true for both runaway slaves and those who
remained; the small number of free black artisans identified are all carpenter-
joiners. A comparable sample of white building trades craftsmen yields the
same predominance of the carpenters and carpenter- joiners, amounting to
about 72% of the total
are
hardly
about 16%.
gilders
represented
number.
Second place belongs not to the sawyers, who
at less than 1%,
but to the bricklayers constituting
The painters follow and masons, millwrights, plasterers, carver-
and glaziers
complete
the total.
The absence of many finishing trades
among the African- American craftsmen is somewhat misleading, as carpenters
and bricklayers, particularly in a plantation context, usually carried out the
glazing of
windows
and plastering of
rooms.
Sawing, however, does seem to
have been a building-related activity associated with African- Americans and,
in general, those craftsmen proficient in more than one trade were quite often
slaves.
�3
Craft
building
Training.
acquired
trades
Like their white counterparts, black workers in the
their
training
in
one
of
three
ways.
Some
arrived
in
America with construction skills they had developed in their homelands.
Their knowledge of building traditions utilizing wood and other botanical
materials undoubtedly found ready application in the colonies and perhaps led
to their further
training
lines.
along European
Such might have been the
experience of Gruff and Bob, a carpenter and sawyer who ran away from their
Prince George
County
owner
in 1745.
Both Africans, their familiarity with
construction matters could have recommended them for on- the-job training,
the route by which most enslaved building craftsmen learned their trades.
Richard Henry Lee of Westmoreland County issued a set of tools " to Jubiter
for him to learn the Carpenters trade with" in 1782 and presumably had in
mind an experienced craftsman who would show the slave how to use them.
Many slaves learned their trades from free white craftsmen hired either to
instruct
them
or
undertake
a
specific
job
with their
assistance.
The brickmaker
Charles Hagen worked for George Washington for eight months in 1788 and
one of the slaves who had helped him was moulding and firing his own bricks
in 1789.
Slaves owned by craftsmen also acquired various levels of training;
Going was sold in 1795 by a Richmond bricklayer "with whom he sometime
worked
at that trade."
The carpenter-joiner Charles Harding reported in 1772 that he had
learned to
paint
from his former
master
in Nansemond
County. Harding may
have been intentionally taught, or he may have acquired his new skill through
his
own
powers of
observation
and
aptitude.
Whether bound or free, many
African-Americans developed their facility with saw, chisel or trowel by
simply watching or assisting a family member, neighbor, master or hired
craftsman
trained
other
at
work.
Especially after mid-century and on the larger plantations,
slaves taught
relation
others.
of his teacher.
Quite often the aspiring craftsman was the son or
Writing
about
the carpenter
Tony
in 1770,
�4
Landon Carter noted that "his boy has now been going on 3 years his
John Hemings had been trained by the free white carpenters
apprentice."
employed
by
Thomas
He, in turn, instructed
Jefferson.
his own nephews
in
carpentry and, incidentally, left behind not only physical, but written evidence
of his exceptional craftsmanship in the letters he wrote to Jefferson.
The third and least common type of craft instruction was the formal
apprenticeship.
The contractual
agreement
between
craftsman
and neophyte
proved just as rigorous and effective as on- the-job training and, moreover, was
defined in detail and
legally binding.
The same conventions
that applied to
whites governed apprenticeships for African-Americans with the omission of
instruction for
literacy
The slaveowner who could or would not
slaves.
provide training on his own properties sometimes opted to bind out a
labor,
for
tradesman
potential
a
set
of years.
number
In return for an apprentice' s
offered not onlyinstruction, but housing, food and cloth ing.
a
Though the owner temporarily lost one member of his labor force, he profited
ultimately
on the return
of
a
skilled
worker.
Free blacks
also entered
apprenticeships, bound usually by family members or themselves just like free
Unlike enslaved African-American apprentices, John Whitlock
whites.
Spurlock of York County bound himself in 1753 to learn not only a trade, but
to read
and
and
write
receive
the
customarily
promised "
freedom
dues."
The
free apprentice, whether white or black, could also complain to a county court
when
his
Richard
clothes,
master
failed to honor the terms of their agreement.
Limehouse
from
obtain
the York
his release,
County
as well as court costs and a suit of
carpenter
that some slave owners terminated
Just so did
John Jones
apprenticeships
in 1752.
There is evidence
before the contracted
time
had elapsed in their impatience to capitalize on the slaves' enhanced abilities.
George and Stepney, apprenticed to the Williamsburg carpenter Matthew
Tuell,
were
when
he
apparently " inveigle[ d] ...
judged
their
training
to be
away" by their Yorktown owner in 1772,
sufficiently advanced
for his purposes.
�5
Training for both free and enslaved African- Americans in the various
building trades sometimes began when they were as young as seven to ten
At each of two farms belonging to William Byrd III, one of the full-
years old.
fledged
carpenters was
have embarked
yet
on their
a
in
boy
education
age.
Formally bound apprentices seem to
as teenagers.
Among slaves, the taking up
of a craft might occur at even more advanced ages, possibly through
individual initiative or as a kind of " promotion" granted by an owner.
Mention should be made of a small number of African- Americans who, like
the sawyer Sam Howell of Cumberland County, were " bound for 31 years
to the [ free]
according
of [ their]
condition
mother[ s]."
In 1766, the twenty- three
year old Howell had eight years to wait before his release from indentured
servitude,
though he
possessed
a
skill which might
sustain
him in freedom.
It
should also be noted that just as free white women appear to have been barred
from the building trades, so too were their free and enslaved African- American
Some slave women worked at the periphery of construction, clearing
sisters.
vegetation from building sites, repairing the simpler types of fencing or
whitewashing
outbuildings.
No doubt they and many white women carried
out other tasks in the realms of carpentry or bricklaying, but their actual
training in any of the building crafts has yet to be proved.
The premature return of the apprentices George and Stepney to the
domain of their owner illustrates not only the economic needs of a particular
individual, but the defining characteristic of the colonial Chesapeake— chronic
a
shortage
of labor.
By the later decades of the seventeenth- century, large farms
and plantations had begun to emerge, modest urban areas to develop and
agriculture
demands
to
diversify.
These trends continued into the next century and
for labor, especially skilled labor, intensified accordingly.
In the
seventeenth century some African- Americans could be found among the
carpenters
and
coopers so
essential
to tobacco
cultivation.
The overwhelming
majority, however, labored in the fields as indentured servants or, increasingly,
as slaves,
while white
tradesmen
performed
the more skilled
tasks.
In the
�6
eighteenth century the addition of grains and other crops to the agricultural
repertoire, expanding settlement and ever- rising material expectations created
skilled work than the existing labor force could handle.
more
By the second
quarter of the century the purposeful training of slaves as craftsmen had been
well established.
found
As slaveowners increased the size of their labor forces they
craft instruction
for
some
At the
economically feasible.
individuals
same time there emerged enhanced opportunities for free blacks and a general
employment
Hugh
Jones
of African- Americans
reported in 1724, "
Corn, Tobacco, Fruits, & c.
Carpenters,
the aptest
... [
in
a
far
of
wider range
occupations.
As
their Work is to take Care of the Stock, plant
but] several of them are taught to be Sawyers,
Smiths,
or
Coopers, &
c. and though for the most Part they be none of
nicest;
yet they ...
will perform
tolerably
well."
The versatility
exhibited by a typical plantation carpenter and the deft workmanship he and
his fellow craftsmen often imparted to barn and courthouse alike challenges
Jones'
s assessment.
As the century progressed, it became clear that African-
Americans engaged in building could be exceptionally able and the products
of their labor very nice indeed.
A
Diversity of
Work.
Regardless of their ancestry, members of the
colonial building trades represented every possible level of craft ability and
achievement.
Some claimed skills they simply did not have, while others
never attained any acceptable degree of proficiency in spite of instruction or
experience.
Some
better suited to
proved
County runaway, " worked
though knows but little of
other
tasks.
some time at the carpenters
either,
but is
a
tolerable
Will, in 1770 a Fauquier
and coopers
good
turner."
trade,
Phill, who
ran away from the same county ten years later, achieved quite different results
from
a similar situation.
He " worked with
stone mason
and bricklayer, [ but]
has no particular trade by being capable of doing something at almost every
kind of business."
slaveowners
and
Such innate ability was, not surprisingly, greatly valued by
the
plantation setting in particular fostered
the development
�7
of diversified
building
Most frequently those following multiple
craftsmen.
trades combined carpentry and sawing or carpentry and some other branch of
woodworking, usually
and
shoemaker
joinery
also
was
or
fairly
coopering.
common.
The dual specialty of carpenter
A few remarkable individuals gained
competency in a variety of trades, like Peter Deadfoot of Stafford County,
described in 1768 as not only an excellent sawyer, but a butcher, carter,
ploughman,
scytheman,
shoemaker
and
waterman.
Specialists
in a single
trade
actually predominated, but even they routinely engaged in a wide variety of
craft
In 1770 and 1771 Landon Carter' s carpenters carried out such
activities.
diverse tasks as building fences and thatching outbuildings, repairing a
and making
carriage
a wheat
cradle.
When no immediate need existed for the
expertise of certain craftsmen or an extraordinary event called for large
numbers of laborers, slaveowners sometimes assigned their building tradesmen
to unaccustomed
tasks.
Thus Washington at times set temporarily unoccupied
bricklayers to helping carpenters or carpenters to plant corn and assist with the
wheat harvest.
Besides the craftsmen who were proficient in more than one building
trade or combined their construction work with other, sometimes quite
unrelated activities, there were those for whom building matters remained
or
secondary
incidental.
Will, a driver, mower and ploughman in 1784 Fairfax
County, was routinely called upon to "do the common carpenter' s jobs
necessary
on
a
plantation."
Both enslaved and free African- Americans,
craftsmen and laborers alike, often carried out basic tasks like making ax or
hoe handles
or
replacing
the damaged
siding of
an
outbuilding.
They were
characterized as " part of a carpenter" or able to " do something of the house
carpenters
work,"
associated
with
indicating that they possessed only a few of the skills
the
true
artisan.
It should be noted here that the same
relatively simple and routine building activities that intermittently occupied
the blacksmith or ditcher constituted full- time employment for the workers
known
as "
jobbers." "Jobbing
carpenters"
and
others
less specialized
provided
�8
the semi- skilled labor for all phases of construction, from making bricks to
installing
interior woodwork.
Just as carpenters and other tradesmen
occasionally found themselves working in the fields, agricultural workers and
domestic
servants
sometimes
labored
on construction
sites.
During the
remodelling of Mount Vernon in 1758, Washington' s overseer reported that "as
to pul[ 1] ing Down the old plastering and leaths [ laths] out of the rooms I made
the home
house people Do and all
other
work
as
they
could," while
the
carpenters built scaffolding and salvaged nails from old shingles.
While some craftsmen and laborers qualified as partial carpenters, some
carpenters were confined by their training and experience to certain aspects of
The " jobbing carpenters" just mentioned were generalists and
the trade.
of other descriptive
more
Eighteenth- century Virginians used a number
varying levels of skill.
displayed
terms to express the abilities of a carpenter somewhat
precisely. " Coarse" or "rough carpenters" built most of the structures
required
for domestic, agricultural and
even
public purposes.
Assembling and
securing the frame, splitting out and nailing up the clapboards for siding and
roofing and finishing the job with simple doors and perhaps a floor did not
exceed
of such
the capabilities
could only be created
by
Buildings of some scale and solidity
craftsmen.
the " complete
carpenter,"
whose range and level of
skill met the challenge of sophisticated structural framing and joinery work
like panelling. " House
carpenters" usually equalled the "complete carpenters"
in achievement and did not always limit themselves to domestic building.
These terms described
carpenters
of all
races
and social
conditions.
African-
American carpenters acquired two additional terms for specifying the nature
and complexity
of
their
work. "
Plantation carpenters" seem to have performed
the same tasks as the above- mentioned Will—basic carpentry in service to
agricultural
production,
often
including
clapboard
work.
In certain contexts
Negro carpenter" appears a straightforward designation for an AfricanAmerican
enslaved
craftsman.
condition
of
Elsewhere, though, it might pointedly indicate the
a
craftsman
or even
serve
as a synonym
for " clapboard
�9
Of all the building trades, only carpentry inspired classification
carpenter."
according
to skill level.
workmanship.
Every trade, however, ventured to assess quality of
Thus among the African- American building craftsmen of the
eighteenth century can be found the ingenious rough carpenter, the good
bricklayer, the fine sawyer and " as good a joiner as any in Virginia."
Circumstances.
and worked
exclusively
The majority of enslaved African- Americans lived
on
plantations.
Slave craftsmen in general lived on
the larger farms and were owned in disproportionate numbers by the
wealthiest
planters in Virginia.
Building tradesmen virtually always figured in
and usually constituted
their ranks
a sizeable
percentage of
their numbers.
As
P
Y
earlyas 1757, the six carpenters at William Byrd III' s Brunswick County
property
accounted
for roughly 32%
of all skilled men present, while at
Washington' s Mount Vernon six carpenters and two bricklayers made up 21%
of the tradesmen in 1799.
At the largest establishments, like those of
Washington or Robert Carter, carpenters and bricklayers labored in gangs
under the direction of a free, white craftsman hired for a specific project or as
a
resident
overseer
of all
building
activities.
Particularly after mid-century as
more and more African- American craftsmen were trained, some slaves entered
into supervisory roles themselves or otherwise worked in a comparatively
independent
fashion.
Thus a craftsman might receive the general instructions
of his owner and carry out a job individually or with the help of one or more
less- skilled
assistants.
Just so did Robert Carter dispatch the carpenter Oliver
to one of his quarters to make a tobacco house door in January of 1785.
Comparably accomplished craftsmen might form working partnerships, like
the carpenters Guy and Jimmy at Landon Carter' s Sabine Hall in Richmond
County. Pit sawing by its very nature was a two person operation,
encouraging practiced duos of "top man" and "bottom man."
The white carpenter or bricklayer engaged on the plantation was not
always
a supervisor,
nor was
he
always
free. African- American
building
�10
tradesmen were often joined in their tasks by indentured servants or convicts
of European
ancestry.
Hired white artisans often took their orders directly
from the plantation owner or manager, as did the slaves assigned to work with
In some instances they brought their own slaves to assist with the job.
them.
While most enslaved craftsmen belonged to planters, some were purchased by
the more successful
white
These slaves and their less- skilled
tradesmen.
brethren constituted the core, if not the entirety, of such a tradesman' s
The builder William Buckland' s laborers and the joiner Francis
workforce.
Jaram' s house carpenters both enhanced and expanded their owners' business
possibilities.
The hiring of free white building trades craftsmen for plantation work
occurred throughout the eighteenth century, but most routinely in the earlier
decades.
By contrast, the hiring of enslaved African-American craftsmen
became common in the 1760s and intensified both during and immediately
after
the Revolution.
Often a single plantation could not fully employ its
artisans, and slaveowners discovered a new source of income in renting out
their
unoccupied
temporarily
workers.
Ever- present construction needs plus
the accelerating incidence and scale of building projects towards the end of the
century contributed to the great demand for skilled carpenters, bricklayers,
joiners
and
also
general laborers. Slaves were hired for specific periods of time
and monetary rates, frequently for work at considerable distances from their
home plantations.
Usually the hirer assumed responsibility for their housing,
clothing and food,
while
the owner collected
their earnings.
Newspaper
advertisements announced the need or availability of slaves for hire, but most
owners seem to have made agreements less formally with family members or
neighbors.
Sometimes alternative methods of payment were adopted, as when
Landon Carter swapped the labor of his carpenter Jimmy for that of the
stonecutter
Ralph,
one
of
John
Tayloe'
s
slaves,
in 1764.
A few owners allowed
their slaves to retain part or even all of the money they earned as hirelings and
sometimes
to make
their
own
arrangements
with
potential
employers.
�11
Charles, a versatile sawyer, ran away from Norfolk in 1767, perhaps fearing
that his new owner would not honor the fact that " he has been used to hire his
time,
and has
pass of Joseph Jones for
a
that
purpose."
Most hiring and self-
hiring took place in the plantation context, but certain late colonial and early
national era industries like mining and founding, as well as ambitious public
projects like churches, courthouses and canals, also claimed the labor of
African- American
building
tradesmen.
The industries and the canal companies
also purchased slaves outright, accounting for most of those few skilled
individuals neither free nor owned by the planters and craftsmen.
Very few enslaved African- American craftsmen managed their own
hiring and only a slightly greater number shared in the fees they garnered for
their
owners.
Many, however, enjoyed living and working conditions superior
and the lesser- skilled.
to those of fieldworkers
plantations
artisans
usually
lived at the
main
At the more extensive
or
home house.
Proximity to the
owner' s immediate domain generally insured fairly well- built housing and
sometimes provision of a structure or shop designated for a certain trade.
Whether at home house or distant quarter, the building craftsman was
particularly well equipped to create, care for and improve his domestic
surroundings,
well
as
as
fabricate
items for
personal
comfort,
barter
or sale.
In
addition to selling chickens or three- legged stools, he might also acquire cash
from owners like Francis Taylor of Orange County, who paid " Carpenter
Moses for working
Overseers house 1/ 3 per
on
day
in holidays" in 1792.
Like
most slaves, craftsmen spent whatever money they had almost exclusively on
items of clothing.
The variety and quality of clothes worn and carried by
building trades runaways indicates their enhanced opportunities for personal
gain
even
within
the strictures of bondage.
bricklayers
benefitted
additional,
less
Slave carpenters, sawyers and
from their status as skilled workers in a number of
tangible
ways.
Even a rudimentary knowledge of a building
trade helped to diversify a slave' s work routine and allowed him to develop
his intellect and
talents.
Varied and challenging
work,
often
authority
over
�12
other slaves and the trust of the manager, overseer or owner endowed
the
craftsman with a heightened sense of self and some control over his situation.
Hiring and self- hiring allowed the craftsman to extend his freedom of
movement, meet prospective friends and spouses and, most significantly,
experience
a world beyond
his home environment.
If hiring opened up certain possibilities for a slave, it also closed off
other aspects of his life by separating him from his family and accustomed
Building trades craftsmen, as possessors of highly sought after
surroundings.
abilities,
were
always
prime
candidates
for
hiring
and
also
Some, like
for sale.
the carpenter and sawyer Will in 1758 Halifax County, even became victims of
abduction.
The circumstances encountered by a slave after he was hired out or
sold might prove
uncomfortable or even
dangerous.
In the building trades the
threat of injury was always present and many craftsmen lost fingers and toes
and bore the
scars
simply increased
of
ax
and
the risk.
saw
cuts.
Inferior tools or unreasonable demands
Slave craftsmen were susceptible to an additional
psychological burden arising from their comparative material comfort and
close working relationships with whites-- a sense of alienation from the
majority of
the enslaved
population.
Not only did some craftsmen feel caught
between two worlds, but they often wielded even less negotiating power than
the field hands with those in authority due to their small numbers and unique
On the other hand, enslaved building tradesmen were able to express
status.
resistance through their skills by employing such tactics as slowing down the
pace of work, intentionally misunderstanding directions and deliberately
producing work of inferior quality.
The ultimate form of resistance for a slave was running away.
Dissatisfaction with their present situation apparently motivated the 1794 flight
of Bob and Duke, a house carpenter and sawyer from Richmond County,
whose owner believed they ran away " to compel me to hire or sell them, as
many
applications
County
carpenter
have been
named
Jack
made ...."
Ten years earlier, a Cumberland
had offered
a
more
elemental
reason
when
he
�13
was heard to say, since he ran away, that he never intended to serve any
person
as
a
slave
The craftsman was far more likely than the fieldhand
again."
to run away, in part because he was better equipped to cope with life beyond
He possessed readily marketable skills, for the practice of
the plantation.
which he usually
took his
tools
away with him.
He was often literate
or
knowledgeable about the working world and sometimes had accumulated cash
or
acquired
other valuables
to finance
his
journey. The practice of hiring out
provided the slave with additional opportunities for running away, as Reuben,
a carpenter and sawyer from Spotsylvania County, discovered in 1794.
Reuben " was hired to Mr. Nicolas Voss in the city of Richmond, last year, and
continued
till the expiration
of his limited time, which was the 25th of
December last, from which time and place he eloped."
Most runaway craftsmen, in the words of the advertisements placed by
slaveowners seeking their return, intended to "endeavour to pass for a free
man."
Some, no doubt, successfully entered the ranks of the free black
tradesmen.
In eighteenth- and early nineteenth- century Virginia, unlike
Charleston and other places in the north as well as the south, free black
carpenters and bricklayers apparently never encountered overt hostility as
competitors
to the free white members of the
building
trades.
While
agricultural tasks divided clearly along racial lines, craft activities developed
relatively few such distinctions.
The labor shortage that had always afflicted
the colony persisted into the new century, and building needs continued or
increased
in the decades
immediately
after
the Revolution.
Jobs, it seems,
were not scarce, and one particular inequity awarded to free African-American
building tradesmen-- less pay for equal work—appears to have forestalled any
fears
their
white
blacks in the
counterparts
building
may have been
trades is
certain,
but
as
harboring.
yet
The role of free
indistinct.
There were those
who acquired the basic skills to maintain and improve their homes and
augment their incomes by supplying the semi- skilled labor always required in
construction.
Others
were
accomplished
craftsmen,
who
achieved
varying
�14
degrees
of prosperity.
In 1797, Washington asked his nephew George Lewis if
he knew "of a good House Joiner (white or black) that could be hired" and was
sober, diligent and "capable of making a rich finished pannel Door, Sash, and
That a craftsman might be judged by his attributes and abilities
wainscot."
rather than by his race or social status, suggests that free, as well as enslaved
African- American building tradesmen could sometimes refute the prejudice
and oppression of their time.
The Sourcebook and its Applications. The Sourcebook that
follows offers a collection of written references to African- Americans in the
building trades, drawn from a variety of eighteenth- and early nineteenthcentury documents.
It is
presented
in two parts.
The first and most expansive
is devoted to the colony and state of Virginia and the second, for comparative
purposes,
to other locations
from Florida to Massachusetts.
Each part covers
basically the same period of time, the first from 1717 to 1825 and the second
from 1729 to 1804.
and diskette.
The Sourcebook also appears in two formats-- hard copy
The diskette version ( in WordPerfect 5. 1) is provided to facilitate
subject searches and encourage users to add newly discovered references to
the
collection.
The principle types of sources represented are newspaper
advertisements, plantation and business records, letters and diaries and court
records; they are described in detail at the end of each section of the
Sourcebook.
only
a
All of the sources have been reviewed in entirety, but for some
selection
of
references
was made
for the
collection.
Advertisements of
collective sales of slaves, for example, are formulaic and reveal comparatively
little about the individuals concerned, so only a few are included as typical.
Researchers should consider the Sourcebook a point of departure and ideally
consult
the original
document
for themselves.
Notes on the arrangement of
references and other aspects of using the Sourcebook will be found
immediately preceding Part 1 in the hard copy and both parts in the diskette
version.
�15
The Sourcebook is designed to help interpreters, historians, curators and
other museum staff members pursue the topics and issues briefly discussed
earlier
in this introduction.
Craft interpreters, especially carpenters and
brickmakers, will be particularly interested in what the documentation reveals
about
training and work practices.
Those concerned specifically with the
experiences of African- Americans will discover instances of individual crisis
and resistance, as well as examples of material life and cultural expression.
The collection also supplies grist for the investigation of much broader
subjects, like the organization of labor or the structure of society in colonial
Virginia.
The Sourcebook is ultimately intended to advance the ongoing
development of informative and innovative museum presentations and inspire
further exploration of the questions and possibilities that will arise from its
pages.
Vanessa
E. Patrick/ The Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
�Selected Bibliography
Berlin, Ira and
D. Morgan. "
Philip
Labor and the Shaping of Slave Life in
Labor and the Shaping of Slave Life
and Culture -
In Cultivation
America."
in the Americas, ed. Ira Berlin and Philip D. Morgan, 1- 45.
Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1993.
Carr, Lois Green and Lorena S. Walsh. " Economic
1650- 1820."
in the Chesapeake,
Organization
Diversification
and Labor
In Work and Labor in Early
Chapel Hill: University of North
America, ed. Stephen Innes, 144- 188.
Carolina Press, 1988.
DuBois, W. E. B. and Augustus
Negro - His
The American
reprint,
Dunn,
Granville Dill,
History
New York: Arno Press,
Richard S. "
Labor."
eds.
and Literature Series.
1968.
British
America -
Essays in the New History of the Early
Jack P. Greene and J. R.
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.
Modern Era, ed.
Baltimore: The
Virginia, 1712 to 1810."
William and Mary Quarterly ( 3d
35 ( April 1978): 260- 286.
Jordan, Winthrop
Allan.
D.
White Over Black -
American Attitudes Toward the Negro
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968.
1550- 1812.
Kulikoff,
Pole, 157- 194.
Slaves for Hire: The Allocation of Black Labor in Elizabeth
City County,
ser.)
Artisan.
Atlanta: 1912;
Servants and Slaves: The Recruitment and Employment of
In Colonial
Hughes, Sarah S. "
The Negro American
The Development of Southern Cultures in the
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
Tobacco and Slaves -
Chesapeake,
1680- 1800.
1986.
Phillip David. " The Development of Slave Culture in Eighteenth
Century Plantation America." Ph. D. diss., University College, London,
Morgan,
1977.
Mullin, Gerald
Virginia.
Newton,
James
Art."
W.
Flight and Rebellion: Slave Resistance in Eighteenth-Century
New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.
E. "
Slave Artisans and Craftsmen: The Roots of Afro-American
Black Scholar 9 ( 1977): 35- 44.
�and Ronald L. Lewis,
Craftsmen.
Patrick,
Vanessa
The Other Slaves -
eds.
Boston: G. K. Hall &
E.
Mechanics, Artisans and
Co., 1978.
The Building Trades in Eighteenth- Century Virginia.
Manuscript in progress.
Pinchbeck,
Raymond
The Virginia Negro Artisan and Tradesman.
B.
Richmond:
The William Byrd Press, Inc., 1926.
Purdue,
Robert E.
1830.
Black Laborers and Black Professionals in Early America 1750-
New York: Vantage
Schweninger,
Loren. "
Hire, and
The Underside of Slavery: The Internal Economy, Self-
Quasi- Freedom
12 ( September
Sobel, Mechal.
Press, 1975.
1991):
The World
in Virginia,
1780- 1865."
Slavery and Abolition
1- 22.
They
Made
Eighteenth- Century Virginia.
Black and White Values in
Together -
Princeton, N. J.:
Princeton University Press,
1987.
Stavisky,
Leonard
Historical
Tate, Thad W.
Va.:
Thompson,
Price. " Negro
Review 54 (
The Negro in Eighteenth- Century
John
America."
Williamsburg.
American
Williamsburg,
The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1965.
Robert Farris.
Michael.
Folklife.
Flash
of
the Spirit -
African and Afro-American Art and
New York: Vintage Books, 1984.
Philosophy.
Vlach,
Craftsmanship in Early
January 1949): 315- 325.
By
the
Work
of
Their Hands -
Studies
in Afro- American
Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1991.
Walsh, Lorena S. "
Tidewater
Slave Life, Slave Society, and Tobacco Production in the
Chesapeake,
1620- 1820."
In Cultivation
and Culture -
Labor and
the Shaping of Slave Life in the Americas, ed. Ira Berlin and Philip D.
Morgan,
170- 199.
Charlottesville:
University
Press of Virginia, 1993.
�r
Part 1 - Virginia
Past 2
- Other Locations
�Using the Sourcebook
The Sourcebook is divided into two parts, one for Virginia references
and the
other
for places
outside
that state.
References are presented in
chronological order with headings composed of date, geographical location
and
name
and trade of
an
individual
craftsman
when
identified.
The reference
text follows and source information appears at the end of each entry.
Additional, often unrelated trades practiced by building trades
craftsmen
more
are set
off
by
a
than one tradesman.
semi-
colon
in the headings.
Names and respective
Some references identify
trades are organized
with
semi- colons plus, in complex listings, the word " and."
Notations
and " see
above"
following source information indicate related references.
below" ( with dates) point to references contained in the
"
See
Sourcebook and "see also" to others, usually nearly identical or equally
representative, to be found elsewhere.
Following the entries in each part of the Sourcebook is a List of Sources
containing full bibliographical information for manuscripts, newspapers and
printed
works
newspapers
from which the
individually
references
have been
listed have been reviewed
gathered.
in entirety.
Only those
Others
represent references drawn from the cited published collections of runaway
advertisements.
On the next page
are the abbreviations
used throughout
the Sourcebook.
�Abbreviations for libraries and archives:
CWF[ L]
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation [ Library]
Georgia Historical Society
GHS
HL
Henry E. Huntington Library
LC
Library of Congress
MdHR
Maryland Hall of Records
UNC
University of North Carolina
University of South Carolina
University of Virginia
Virginia Historical Society
Virginia State Library [ Library of Virginia]
USoC
UVa
VHS
VSL
W& M
College of William and Mary
Abbreviations for Virginia Gazette publishers ( post 1765):
C
John Clarkson and Augustine Davis
1779 - December 1780)
D
John Dixon and William Hunter, Jr. or
Thomas
P
Nicolson
1775 -
1778; 1779 -
Alexander
1780)
Purdie
1765 - 1766; 1775 PD
April
1779)
Alexander Purdie and John Dixon
1766 - 1775)
Pi
John Pinckney
1774 - 1776)
R
William Rind or Clementina Rind
1766 -
Pound
symbols
appear
as
1773; 1773 -
in original
1774)
document,
either
as
1.
or £.
�as
good
a
joiner
as
any in Virginia"
African-Americans in the
Eighteenth- Century
Building
Trades
A Sourcebook
This
project
made
possible
by a generous gift from
Sally and Jim Thomas
Part 1 - Virginia
compiled
by
Vanessa E. Patrick
Department of Architectural Research
Colonial
Williamsburg
1995
Foundation
�1717, March
York County, Va.
30
Batteran
carpenter
Indenture between Mary Cary, widow of Warwick County, and Nathaniel
Hook of York County, carpenter: Mrs. Cary binds her mulatto slave Batteran to
Hook " with him to dwell and serve ..." for six years " dureing which term the
said Apprentice his master faithfully shall serve in the worke and trade of a
Carpenter and also tending to Indian Corn and not otherwise according to his
wit and
ability and
honesty ..."
Hook was to allow " meat, drink, and apparrell,
lodging, washing and all other things necessary ...."
Warwick County Records, Box II, Folder 7 ( W& M).
1724
Virginia
their Work is to take Care of the Stock,
plant
Corn, Tobacco,
but] several of them are taught to be Sawyers, Carpenters,
Fruits, &
c ...
Smiths, Coopers,
c. and though for the most Part they be none of the aptest or nicest; yet they
will perform tolerably well."
Hugh Jones, The Present State of Virginia, p. 38.
1727,
Lancaster County, Va.
October 10
Robert Carter to Robert Jones concerning a new quarter:
I have already ordered very good cabbins made for my people that their beds
may lye a foot and a half from the ground if this is not yet done pray let it be
done out of hand there is such a large timber there that the carpenters may
very well by riving thick boards & hewing them make them answer the place
of plank."
Carter Family Papers ( UVa).
Lancaster County, Va.
1738, April 23
Will
carpenter,
sawyer;
cooper,
shoemaker
April 23, 1738. RAN away from the Subscriber in Lancaster County, the 17th
Instant, a dark Mullatto Fellow, named Will: He is a lusty, well-set Fellow,
aged about 42 Years; he is pretty much Pock- fretten, and has a Lump on the
hind Part of One of his Legs,
near
his Heel. He
wore
a
Man'
s
Cloth
Jacket,
a
�Pair of brown Cotton Breeches, and an Ozenbrig Shirt; he carried with him, a
white Fustian Jacket, a lopping Ax, and a Fiddle: He is a Carpenter, Sawyer,
Shoemaker, and Cooper. Whoever will apprehend the said Slave, or give
Intelligence so that he may be had again, shall be sufficiently rewarded,
besides what the Law allows, paid by James Ball."
Virginia Gazette April 28 -
May 5, 1738, p. 4, col. 1.
1740- 5
James City and York Counties, Va.
Memorandum of Things delivered to the Quarters [ 1740-45]"
rugs
and
caps]
Hundred," "
to "
New
Quarter," "Foaces," "
Mill
Quarter," " Me[ rc] h[ an] ts
Black Swamp" and " Carpenters."
Carter Burwell Ledger, 1738- 1756, Burwell Papers ( CWF).
1743,
July
21
Stafford County, Va.
Robert Fenex
carpenter, sawyer; ship carpenter
RUN away from the Subscriber living in Stafford County, Virginia, on the 4th
Inst. a Molatto Man, named Robert Fenex, aged about 27 or 28 Years, his Head
is shav' d, or his Wool short, and on the left side of his Head near the top he
has a large Scar which
reaches
to his Forehead,
if he walks barefooted
one of
his Feet or Andes crack every Step; his Apparel not known, because he broke
open several Negro Quarters and stole the Negroes Cloaths, he also stole a
grey Horse or Mare which he was seen by some Negroes riding on that Night
he went off; he is a Sawyer by Trade, and can do Clapboard work, and he will
sometimes pretend to be a Shipcarpenter. Whoever takes up the said Runaway
and conveys
him Home, shall have Two Pistoles,
besides
what the Law allows,
PHILIP ALEXANDER."
Pennsylvania Gazette July 21, 1743, p. 3, col. 1.
1745
James City County, Va.
Sam
carpenter
Carter Burwell Cr. "
Carter Burwell
By
Ledger
Cash given to Carpenter
1738- 1756, Burwell
Sam -
11. 6"
Papers ( CWF).
�1745,
May
30 -
6
June
Prince George County, Va.
Gruff and Tom
carpenter
and sawyer
RAN away from the Subscriber, living on James River, in Prince George
County, on the 28th and 29th of April last, Three Negro Slaves; one of them a
short likely Madegascar, named Gruff, about 26 Years of Age; being imported
young speaks very good English; was cloath' d in a dark grey Kersey Waistcoat
and Breeches, with Mettal Buttons; he is a Carpenter by Trade: Another named
Tom, likewise a Madegascar;
cloathed in the same Manner; he is about 35
Years of Age, a tall, lusty Fellow, and speaks pretty good English, by Trade a
Sawyer: The other a Lad, about 17 Years of Age, named Spark, and I believe
Virginia- born, of low Stature, pretty Black; has a wide Mouth, and was
cloath' d in a Cotton Waistcoat and Breeches, dy' d Yellow, and brown Drugget
Waistcoat, lin' d with yellow Shalloon; he has been used as a Waiting- man.
Whoever
apprehends
and delivers
them to me, shall receive
a Pistole
Reward,
for each of the Two first, more than the Law allows. John Ravenscroft."
Virginia
Gazette
May
30 -
June 6, 1745, p. 4, col. 2.
1746, April 17- 24
Fredericksburg, Va.
Tom
sawyer
RAN away from the Subscriber, living in Fredericksburg, a Negro Man
named Tom; he formerly belonged to one Mark Morgan, of Bladen County, in
North Carolina, and was brought to Virginia by one George Warwood, a staymaker, who purchased him of the said Morgan. He is a middle-siz' d Fellow,
about 46 Years of Age, his Head and Beard very grey. Had on a blue broad
Cloth Vest, a Pair of black Everlasting Breeches, and a Chex Shirt; plays on the
Violin, and is a Sawyer. Whoever will secure the said Negroe, and conveys
him back to me, shall have Four Pistoles Reward. John Thornton."
Virginia Gazette April 17- 24, 1746, p.3, col. 2.
1751,
October
3
Williamsburg, Va.
THE Subscriber, intending for England in the Spring, with his family; is
willing to dispose of several valuable slaves, among which are Waitingmen,
Blacksmiths,
Shoemakers,
Carpenters,
with front and side Glasses,
Six Horses
Barbers,
and Plasterers,
and Harness,
a neat Chariot
all Manner
of Household
Goods, Plate, China, etc. Also the following Lands, viz. Two Lots in the Town
of Newcastle, with a warehouse thereon. About Three Hundred Acres, within
Four Miles of Newcastle,
well wooded.
One Thousand
and
Forty
Acres
on
�Chicahominy, with a very good Brick House, 60 by 20, in good Repair, a large
Brick Dairy, and other necessary Buildings. The Plantation is ready for
cropping with Ten Hands. To be dispos' d of with or without the stock. Also, a
new Store adjoining the Market Place in Williamsburg, subject to Ground Rent.
Any Person inclining to purchase may know the Terms of Sale by applying to
me in Williamsburg. John Dixon."
Virginia Gazette October 3, 1751, p. 4, col. 2.
1752, April 10
Isle of Wight County, Va.
Tom
sawyer
RAN away from the Subscriber, living near Warwicksqueak- Bay Warehouse,
in Isle of Wight County, on the 15th Day of March last, a Virginia- born Negroe
Fellow, named Tom, of a yellow Complexion, about 25 Years of Age, 5 Feet 10
Inches high, and well- set; had on when he went away, a dark brown Halfthick
Jacket and Breeches, an Oznabrig Shirt, a Felt Hat, white Yarn Stockings, and a
Pair of double-channel' d Pumps: He took with him a brown Holland Coat, a
white Linen Shirt, and a Pair of blue mix' d Stockings. He is by Trade a
Sawyer, pretty much mark' d on the Back, and very probably may have got a
forged Pass. Whoever apprehends and conveys him to me, shall have, if taken
within 10 Miles from home, a Pistole Reward, if 20 Two Pistoles, if 100 Five
Pistoles; if carried off by Water, on discovering the Person who carried him
off, and securing the said Negroe, Ten Pistoles Reward. John Mecom."
Virginia Gazette April 10, 1752, p. 3, col. 2.
1752,
May
18
York County, Va.
Richard Limehouse
carpenter- joiner
Upon the Complaint of Richard [ L] imehouse against his Master John Jones
on hear[
ing] [ the Parties] It appearing to the Court that the said Jones hath
and
ed the said Limehouse and this being the third c[ om] pl[ aint it is] Ordered
that the said Limehouse
be discharge
from [
]
Service and that the said Jones
suffer him to
oaths now at the Taylors making for him and pay the Costs occasioned by
this complaint."
York
County Judgments
and Orders
2 ( 1752- 1754): 23- 4.
�1752,
August
28
Northumberland County, Va.
Dick
carpenter, sawyer; shoemaker, Waterman
By the Honourable ROBERT DINWIDDIE, Esq; His Majesty' s Lieutenant
Governor, and Commander in Chief, of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia:
To all Sheriffs, Constables, and other His Majesty' s Liege People, to whom
these Presents
shall
come,
Greeting.
WHEREAS
Dick, a Negro
Man Slave,
belonging to Tunstall Hack, of the County of Northumberland, in the Night of
the third of July last past, entered the Dwelling House of his said Master, and
grievously wounding him with a Broad-Ax, in the left Shoulder and Arm, with
the Intent to murder his said Master, and hath since fled from Justice: The said
Dick is a well- set, artful, and cunning Fellow, about forty Years of Age, five
Feet seven or eight Inches high, broad Shoulders, large Hips, a small Waist,
Bow Leggs, and flat Feet, his Teeth very open before, has some grey Hairs in
his Head and Beard, and several Scars on his Head; he understands going by
Water, Shoe- making, Carpenters Work, and Sawing.
THESE are therefore in His Majesty' s Name, to command and require all
Sheriffs, Constables, and other His Majesty' s Liege People, within this Colony,
to make diligent Search and Pursuit, by Way of Hue and Cry, within their
several Counties and Precincts, after the said Dick; and him having found, to
apprehend and carry before the next Justice of the Peace, that he may be dealt
with according to Law. And I do desire the Governors of the neighbouring
Colonies and Provinces, to be assisting in bringing the said Dick to Justice.
GIVEN under my Hand, and the Seal of the Colony, at Williamsburg, this 2[
1st Day of August, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Fifty Two, in the
Twenty Sixth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King GEORGE the
Second.
ROBERT
DINWIDDIE.
N. B. The said Dick is outlawed, and a Reward of Three Pistoles is to be given
to any Person that shall apprehend him in this Colony, and if taken in any
other Colony the Reward is Five Pistoles."
Virginia Gazette August 28, 1752, p. 3, col. 2.
1752,
John
November
Carlyle
12
to George
Alexandria,
Carlyle: "
Va.
As I am now out of hopes of getting into my
house This Winter, the Violent Rains we have had this Fall, has hurt the Stone
Walls that we was obliged to Take down Apart, after it was nigh its height,
which
has been
a
loss &
great
disapointment
to me, however
Time & patience
will over come all ( I am in hopes) its a Pleasure to build in England but here
where we are obliged to do
Everything with one' s own Servants & thise
Negros
make
it
require constant
if I had suspected
attendance &
it woud been what I have
Care - &
meet
so much Trouble that
with, I believe
I shoud
made
�shift with A Very Small house."
Carlyle Family Papers ( Carlyle House).
1753,
June
York County, Va.
18
Gabriel Muray
carpenter- joiner
Ann Muray a Mulatto Woman" of Yorktown and York County binds "her Son
Gabriel Muray of the Age of Seven Years as an Apprentice" to John
Richardson, ca carpenter- joiner of the same place. Gabriel to serve until the age
of twenty- one years; Richardson to provide food, lodging and clothing in
addition to craft training.
York
County
Deed Book 5 ( 1741- 1754): 550.
York
County Judgments
indenture, June 18, 1753)
see also
and Orders 2 ( 1752- 1754): 232 -
1753, August 21
recording of
York County, Va.
John Whitlock] Spurlock
carpenter- joiner
This Indenture made the twenty first day of August In the Year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and fifty three Years Between John Richardson
of York Town Carpenter and Joiner on the one part an[ d] John Whitlock]
Spurlock
a
Mulatto
part - Witnesseth that he the said John
on the other
Whitlock Spurlock of the Age of Eighteen Years doth bind himself as an
Apprentice to the said John Richardson his Heirs Executors to learn his
aforesaid Trade of Carpenter and Joiner and with him after the manner of an
Apprentice to Serve for the Space of six years from the Date aforesaid ...."
Richardson also to teach Spurlock to read and write, provide him with food,
lodging and clothing and allow him freedom dues at the end of the
apprenticeship.
York
see
County
York
also
Deed Book 5 ( 1741- 1754):
County Judgments
indenture,
September
1754,
558- 559.
and Orders 2 ( 1752- 1754): 320 -
19
July
Thomas
recording of
18, 1753)
Charles City County, Va.
Moss
carpenter
RAN away from
the
Subscriber'
s
Plantation,
in Charles-
City County,
on
�Sunday the 7th Instant, a Negroe Man, named Thomas Moss, who is indented
to one Lawrence Egmond, a Carpenter, and employ' d by the Subscriber, he is
a slim made Fellow, about 5 feet 8 Inches high, and about 25 or 26 Years of
Age; had on when he went away a blue Cloth Coat, wide Trousers, and hath
Oznabrigs and checked Shirts. The said Runaway is subject to Drink and very
talkative when drunk. He' s supposed to be gone towards Newcastle, as he
hath a Wife there. Whoever
apprehends
and conveys
him to his Master,
at the
Subscribers Plantation, shall have a Pistole Reward, paid by William
Lightfoot."
Virginia Gazette July 19, 1754, p. 3, col. 2.
1754,
July
Pompey
Chesterfield County, Va.
19
sawyer
RAN away from the Subscriber, living in Chesterfield County, about twelve
Months ago, a Virginia- born Negro Man Slave, named Pompey, about 6 Feet
high 25 Years old; he is a likely, strong, loud-spoken, laughing Fellow,
remarkable in walking, as his Ancle Bones frequently crack so loud that it may
be heard at 50 Yards Distance; he took with him many Cloaths, a Rackoon Hat,
c. which he is now supposed to have; He is a good Sawyer, goes for a Freeman, had a Pass, supposed to be gone beyond Sea, and is now Outlaw' d.
Whoever brings him to me, shall have Six Pistoles Reward, if taken in this
Colony, Ten Pistoles if in any other, and if taken beyond Sea Twenty Pistoles;
If any Person will give certain Intelligence of his being beyond Sea, and how
he came there, so that I may get him again, shall have Ten Pistoles Reward,
paid by Dudley Brooks."
Virginia Gazette July 19, 1754, p. 4, col. 2.
October 24
1754,
Hanover County,
Va.
name not given
joiner (?)
Hanover County,
October 24, 1754.
RAN away from the Subscriber, an Angola Negroe Boy, about 16 Years old,
with a thin Face and Head, thick Lips, large Mouth, large flat Feet, small Legs,
and speaks tolerable good English, pretty freely.
Also a Virginia- born Negroe Boy, about a Fortnight ago, he is about the same
Age, a free- spoken daring Fellow, low of Stature and well- set, with thick Lips,.
and
a
little Bow- legged: He
stole
and carried off several
Joiners
Tools, from
�Charles
Cabcon,
a
viz.
Sett of Table Plains, & c. together with a Holland Shirt,
Cap, and Muffin Neck-cloth, also a Horse and Bag of Meal: Whoever
apprehends them, so that they be dealt with according to Law, shall be
honorably rewarded by William Winston, Jun."
Virginia Gazette November 7, 1754, p. 4, col. 1.
1757,
7
July
and 26
Brunswick
and Henrico
Counties,
Va.
List of Negroes belonging to the Estate of Wm Byrd Esq. on Roanoke River
Brunswick
13
other
skilled
similar
1757 boys,
61
Taken
men);
July
7, 1757" -
68 men, including 5 carpenters ( plus
61 women; 24 boys, including 1 carpenter; 12 girls; 107
Total: 272.
children.
a
County]
list for
men,
the " Falls
including
including
1
of
James
River" [
Henrico County] dated July 26,
4 carpenters ( plus 8
carpenter,
2
carters
and 1
other
skilled
cooper);
men);
52 women; 24
7 girls; 104 children.
Total: 248.
William
411
Byrd III Memorandum
Book ( LC).
1758, April 20
Halifax County, Va.
Will
carpenter, sawyer
RUN away from the Subscriber' s Plantation, in Halifax County, Virginia, on
the First of February last, a likely Molattoe Fellow, named Will; he is well set
and strong, about 5 feet 9 or 10 Inches high, speaks good English, understands
something of the Carpenter's Trade, is a good Sawyer, 36 or 37 Years of Age.
Whoever takes up said Molattoe, and secures him, so that his Master, now
living in West-Nottingham, Chester County, may have him again, shall have
Five Pounds Reward, and reasonable Charges, paid by JAMES HUNT. N. B. He
is supposed to have been conveyed away by a white Man, who was heard to
make him Proposals of Freedom, and to carry him where his Master should
never hear of him again, if he would serve him twelve Months."
Pennsylvania Gazette April 20, 1758, p. 3, col. 1
1758, September
Fairfax County, Va.
1 and 2
George William Fairfax to George Washington:
I plainly see Mr Triplett [ bricklayer and plasterer] cannot do your work,
IDbefore
the Frost, for what with
Poseys and Major Wests work [ neighbors of
�Washington],
He has not begun with the underpinning, but shall write to him
immediately, and if he dont come shall employ any I can gett. He now and but
lately said he coud not have time, and that your Carpenters must do the
larthing [ lathing] Work Sir that you know ought to be done before the Frosts
Humphrey Knight to George Washington:
As to the Carpentrs, I have minded em all I posably could, and has whipt em
when I could see a fault old Kit is a very poor hand at any thing, the great
house has took a vast Deal of Sawing work besides a vast Deal of other work
which the Carprs Did, puling Down the old works and Raising the new which
was a long time about and pulling the nails out of the Shingles making
Scaffeild for the workmen as to puling Down the old plastering and leaths
laths] out of the rooms I made the home house people Do and all other work
as they could, the Carptrs has repaird some old Tobco houses at muddy hole
and mended the mill house Set up Some hhds [ hogsheads] and built a new
Quartr at muddy hole, which I wrote to you before to A Quint Your Ho[no]r
the misfortune we had in loosing the Quartr by fier the Scantlin for the great
house is all got out of white oak which made it a bundance the Teadiousr to
get. Searching the woods to get all white oak."
Abbot, ed.,
The Papers of George Washington ( Colonial Series) V: 438- 439, 447-
448.
1759,
May
24
Prince William County, Va.
Dick, alias Jack Simpson
house carpenter, sawyer; blacksmith, cooper, nailor, waterman, wheelwright
RAN away from Dumfries on Patowmack River, Virginia, in March last, a
Mulatto Man Slave, named Dick ( tho' it is probable he may now assume
another) Country-born, about 35 Years of Age, a well-made slim Fellow, very
active, is much addicted to Liquor, and when drunk, stammers in his Speech.
Had on a good dark Bearskin Frock- Coat, and Cotton Breeches; but carried
with him several other Cloaths. He is by Trade a compleat Wheelwright, and
so much of a Smith, as to make the Nails, and shoe those he makes. He is
likewise a good Cooper, Sawyer, and House-Carpenter, and has also been
employed in small Craft by Water. Mr. Fox of Fredericksburg, was formerly
his Master, and as he has lived in that Town, and other public Places, most
Part of his Life, has contracted a pretty general Acquaintance, and may by that
Means be conveyed out of this Colony. He has been seen on board several
Vessels
in Rappahannock
River and on board
of a Schooner
bound
to New-
York; but on being detected as a Runaway, he got clear, by swimming on
Shore from the Vessel in Rappahannock. He has been outlawed, by which any
Person may
lawfully
kill him. I
am
informed
he goes
by
the Name
of
Jack
�Simpson, and has a forg' d Pass, pretending he has served as a Mulatto 31
Years, agreeable to the Laws of this Colony. It is hoped all Captains of Ships,
or Commanders of Craft, will be cautious how they entertain so notorious a
Villain; for when he is drunk, he will steal any Thing.
Whoever
him
so that
he may be secured
in
Goal [
jail], and
contrives me Notice of it, shall receive Forty Shillings; and if brought to me at
apprehends
some
Dumfries, a full Reward for their Trouble, and all reasonable Charges.
ALLAN
MACRAE."
Maryland Gazette May 24, 1759, p. 3, col. 2.
1759,
June
14
Dumfries,
Va.
Dick
house carpenter, sawyer; blacksmith, cooper, sailor, wheelwright
RUN away from Dumfries, on Potomack River, in March last, a Mulatto Man
Slave, named Dick, Country born, about 35 Years of Age, a well made slim
Fellow, very active, is much addicted to Liquor, and when drunk stammers in
his Speech. He is by Trade a Wheel wright, and so much of Smith as to shoe
the Wheels he makes; he is also a good Cooper, House carpenter and Sawyer;
he has likewise been employed frequently by Water, and is therefore a
tollerable Sailor. Since he has run away he has been seen on board several
Ships in Rappahannock River, and was once apprehended, but made his
Escape
by swimming
Whoever
on
him in
secures
Shore from the Vessel. some
Goal [
He has be out-law' d.
jail], so as he may be delivered to me at
Dumfries, shall have Forty Shillings Reward of ALLAN MACRAE."
Pennsylvania Gazette June 14, 1759, p. 4, col. 1.
1760,
5, 19 and 20
February
Fairfax County, Va.
Billy, George, Mike, Tom
Visited
my Plantation ...
that four of [ them]
viz.
Passing by my Carpenters that were hughing I found
young Billy had only hughd 120
George, Tom, Mike &
Foot Yesterday from 10 Oclock. Sat down therefore and observd.
Tom and Mike in a less space than 30 Minutes cleard the Bushes from abt. a
Poplar Stock Then,
letting
getting
of[f] in
the
lind it 10 Foot long and hughd each their side 12 Inches deep.
them
cross
proceed
cut
two places -
saw
their
own
standing
putting it
to
on the
way -
they spent 25 Minutes more in
consider
Blocks
what to do -
for
it
sawing the Stock
hughing
lining it & ca.
and from this time till they had finishd the Stock entirely; requird 20 Minutes
more, so that in the Space of one hour and a quarter they each of them from
square
the Stump finishd 20 Feet of hughing: from hence it appears very clear that
allowing they work only from Sun
to Sun
and
require
two hour' s at
Breakfast
�they ought to yield each his 125 feet while the days are their present length
and more in proportion as they increase. While this was doing George and
Billy sawd 30 Foot of Plank so that it appears as clear making the same
allowance as before (but not for the time requird in pilling the Stock) that they
ought to Saw 180 Feet of Plank.
It is to be observd here, that this
hughing, & Sawing likewise was of Poplr.
What may be the difference therefore between the working of this Wood and
other some future observations must make known."
Mike and Tom began sawing in the Pit some considerable time after Sun rise
and Cut 122 feet of Oak Scantling."
George &
Jackson
Billy sawd 155 feet of Oak Scantling."
and
The Diaries of George Washington I: 232- 234, 239, 243.
see below January 19, 1768, January 22, 1768, August 18, 1785)
Twohig,
eds.,
1760,
July 10
Dick, alias Richard Jenkins
Amelia County, Va.
sawyer
RAN away from the Subscriber, in Amelia County, in Virginia, in May 1759, a
very likely Negro Man, named Dick ( but used to call himself Richard Jenkins)
about 30 Years old, of a middle Size, well set, very black, his Back much
scarified; is a good Sawyer, and plays on the Violin. Whoever conveys the said
Negro to
me,
shall have Ten Pounds Reward.
WOOD JONES."
Maryland Gazette July 10, 1760.
see also Pennsylvania Gazette August 28, 1760, p. 4, col. 1)
1761
Amherst County, Va.
Mack and Will
carpenters (?)
Moss Neck - " Mack & Will
2 Corn Houses 12 by 8 foot
1
Do.
8 foot Square
the Slaves
was =
sic] geting they visits the Barn at the Reeds
and then go to Hamptons Plantan"
Edmund
Wilcox'
s
Book, vol. 4, E. W. Hubbard
Papers ( UNC).
�1762,
3
May
Fairfax County, Va.
Guy
bricklayer
Mr Daingerfields Negro Bricklayer Guy came here to work."
Jackson
and
The Diaries of George Washington I: 297. Guy was
year plus room and board; his clothing was billed to
Daingerfield.
Guy remained in Washington' s service until October of 1763.
see below May 11 and August 2, 1762)
Twohig,
eds.,
hired for £ 30
1762,
May
11 and August
2
Fairfax County, Va.
Guy
bricklayer
Guy began the Garden Wall, after having built an Oven in the Kitchen, laid
the hearth, &
repaird
the back."
Guy finished the 3 sides of Garden all to Capp[in]g Pill[a]r."
Jackson
and
Twohig, eds., The Diaries of George Washington I: 298, 304.
see above May 3, 1762)
1763,
July
5- 9
Fairfax County, Va.
Cut and secured all my Wheat (
60 Acres. Carpenters, Smiths, &
Jackson & Twohig,
1763,
eds.,
by. Stacking)
at River &
Creek
Quarters -
abt.
home Gang employd."
The Diaries of George Washington I: 311.
August 10
Prince William County, Va.
Bob
sawyer; gardener, shoemaker
August 10, 1763. RAN away from the Subscriber, in Prince William County,
Virginia, some Time in June, a low sized well- set Mulatto Fellow, with bandy
Legs, named Bob: Had on when he went away, an Osnabrigs Coat and
Breeches, a black German Serge Jacket, white Yarn Stockings, and turn' d
Pumps with pewter Buckles. He stole from one Highwarden 55 Shillings Paper
Money, a striped Jacket, lined with Linen in the Body, and dark Shalloon in
the Skirts, Thread
and Cotton
Stockings,
and 2 or 3 White Linen Shirts. We
also miss a Shirt and Pair of fine Pumps, which we suspect he has got. He
hath been
about
a
Month in St.
Mary' s County,
Maryland,
pass' d for
a
�Freeman, and was hired there to reap, and saw Plank or Framing for Mills. He
was taken up last Week, but got away from a white Man and a Negro, on a
Horse belonging to Mr. Zachariah Bond. He is very handy at any Sort of
labouring Work, or Gardening, is a pretty good Shoemaker, and has a slow
Way of speaking.
Whoever takes up the said Slave, and sends him to me, or Mr. Archibald
Henderson, Merchant in Dumfries, shall have THREE POUNDS Virginia
Currency, and reasonable Charges, paid by JAMES SCOTT."
Maryland
Gazette August
1763, September
25, 1763.
7
Lancaster County, Va.
Adam
carpenter
Mr. Chichester sent Adam, his carpenter, to help about the meeting house."
Journal
of Col.
James
Gordon, of Lancaster
County,
Va."
WMQ ( ser. 1) 12
1903): 8.
1763,
November 4
Essex County, Va.
ANY person, inclinable to purchase a valuable Negro fellow, that understands
HOUSE-CARPENTER work, may be supplied by applying to the subscriber, in
Essex, who will give credit for half the money. SAMUEL SMITH."
Virginia Gazette November 4, 1763, p. 4, col. 1.
1764,
February
3, March 3 and April 26
Richmond County, Va.
Ralph; Jimmy [Jammy]
stonecutter; carpenter, bricklayer
Colo. Tayloe' s Stone cutter Ralph came here to work day for day with my
man Jammey who is to work at the Colo[nel' s] when he goes to Walling in his
Plantations."
Colo. Tayloe' s stone cutter Ralph finis[hed] 16 Capitols for my Piazzas and
went away home at night. He came to work February 3 and has been here 25
days, that is 4 weeks and 1 day So that Jammy is to work as many days for
Colo. Tayloe.
Colo. Tayloe' s stone Cutter worked
Fork
Jammy
came
2 days more."
home at 9 this morning
from working
at
Colo. Tayloe'
s
so
�that as he went to work their [ sic] this day 7 nights he has wrought 7 and one
day before 8 days in repaying Ralph the Stone cutter' s work here so that I am
still in debt of Jammy' s work 19 days. Note: as I include the Sundays that
Ralph was here I also include the sunday that James was there ( but there shall
be no dispute)."
Jack
P. Greene, ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 253, 259, 263.
see below May 4, 1766, January 23 and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1,
1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, September 8 and 11, 1770, October 9 and
November 10 and 15, 1770, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 29 and 31 and August
9, 1771, September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774 and July 27, 1774)
October
1764,
Chester County, Pa./ Winchester, Va.
25
Jacob Jones
mason
RUN away about two Weeks ago, from the Subscriber, living in Concord,
Chester County, a Mulatto Servant Man, named Jacob Jones, by Trade a
Mason,
about 5 feet 8 inches high, a well limbed,
29 Years of Age, very
active
well set lissom
at most Sorts of Exercise,
Fellow,
about
Jumping, Wrestling, & c.
he hath a short Nose, and short black Hair, large Feet and Legs, his Shins
bending forwards, he is very talkative, apt to laugh, and shew his Teeth, which
are very white, had on a good green double breasted Coat, with a small Cape,
and yellow Metal Buttons, a good black Hair Plush Jacket without Sleeves; he
hath been about three Years ago in the Army, and had two Passes, one from
Major Rogers, and about two Years ago worked at Winchester, in Virginia, and
perhaps has made that Way. Whoever takes up and secures said Servant, so
that his Master may have him again, shall have Three Pounds Reward, and
reasonable Charges, paid by JOHN PEIRCE."
Pennsylvania Gazette October 25, 1764, p. 4, col. 1.
1764,
November 29
King and Queen County, Va.
Dick
carpenter, painter
RUN away from the Subscriber, in King and Queen, Virgnia, two white
indented Servants, a Man and his Wife. The man is English, about 5 Feet 5
Inches high, of a red Complexion, wears his Hair, is much Sun-burnt, steps
short and quick in his walk, is a Brickmaker by Trade, and has a sett of
Shoemaker' s tools; had a short red Coat, red Breeches with Metal Buttons, an
old green lappelled jacket, a Flannel Jacket with red Stripes, new Osenbrigs
Trowsers, with other Clothes, as he stole Part of mine; his Name is James
Marrington.
His Wife is
about
30 Years of Age, about 5 Feet high, very thick,
�looks well, and has got good Clothes; she is an Irish Woman, and her Name is
Mary Marrington.
Run away likewise 4 Negroes, viz. Jack, a black thick Fellow, about 30 Years
old, about 5 Feet 6 Inches high, speaks broken English, has been used to go by
Water, but of late to Plantation Business; had on a blue Cotton Jacket and
Breeches,
Petticoat
Trowsers,
Stockings,
Shoes with Buckles,
and has a
Whitemetal Button in his Hat. Dick, a dark Mulattoe, very lusty, about 25
Years old, about 5 Feet 8 Inches high, a Carpenter and Painter by Trade; had
on Cotton Clothes, with Petticoat Trowsers, and he has got a red Jacket and
Breeches, a good Felt Hat, and Buckles in his Shoes. Daniel, well set black
Fellow, about 5 Feet 10 Inches high, has been used to Plantation Business, and
had on Cotton Clothes. Dorcas, a small Wench, about 5 Feet high, has been
used to House Business, has got a new brown Linen Jacket and Petticoat, and
sundry other Things that she stole. They have all large Bundles, as they stole
several Sheets and Blankets, with other Things. They were supposed to be seen
crossing from Point Comfort to Little River, in a small Boat, with a Blanket
Sail, last Saturday Morning, and I imagine will make for North- Carolina.
Whoever
apprehends
the above
Servants
and Slaves,
and delivers
them to me,
shall have Ten Pounds Reward, if taken in Virginia, if out thereof Twenty
Pounds.
EDWARD
VOSS.
If the above Runaways are taken in Pennsylvania, and conveyed to
Philadelphia, the above Reward will be paid by RITCHIE and CLYMER."
Pennsylvania Gazette November 29, 1764, p. 3, col. 2.
1765,
March 14
Richmond County, Va.
Billy and Sampson
house and ship carpenter, joiner; carpenter
Ran away from the Occoquan Iron-Works, on Sunday the 10th Instant, the
following three Negroes, the property of the Honourable John Tayloe, Esq:
Billy, a very lusty likely Fellow, about 27 Years old, about 5 Feet 11 Inches
high, of a yellowish Complexion, by Trade a House Carpenter, and can do a
little at the Ship Carpenter and Joiner' s Business.
Billy, a very black short well made Fellow, of much the same Age as the other,
by Trade a Ship Carpenter, and is very handy at building Boats.
Sampson, a tall slim young Fellow, of a yellowish Complexion, and Brother to
the first mentioned Billy, and is Piece of a Carpenter.
At the same Time went off with the above mentioned Negroes, a Convict
Servant Man ... The Negroes had each of them a new blue Pea Fearnought
Jacket: tho as they have Variety of other Cloaths, such as are common for
Slaves, they may make their Appearance in different Dresses, as best suits
them.
As they all went off in a new Boat of about 17 Feet Keel, whose upper works
are
painted
red, and her Sides laid
over
with Turpentine, it is probable
they
�will endeavour to get on board of some Ship, and will try to pass for Freemen,
or perhaps will steer as far as they can to the Southward.
Whoever apprehends and secures the above said Negroes, and Servant, with
the Boat, so as to be had again, shall receive TWELVE POUNDS Reward, if
taken in Virginia; and if out of the Colony, the Sum of TWENTY POUNDS
Virginia Currency Reward, from THOMAS LAWSON."
Maryland
1766,
Gazette April 4, 1765.
February
24
Chesterfield County, Va.
Stephen
carpenter
Chesterfield, February 24, 1766. RUN away from the subscriber' s forge, on the
22d instant, at night, three Negro men; one of them named STEPHEN, by
trade a carpenter, Virginia born, a black fellow, about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high,
very brisk and active, speaks quick, has a pleasant countenance, and walks
very nimbly. Also NED, a fire- man, a black fellow, remarkably well made for
strength, about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, generally laughs when he speaks, has
a large mouth, which is seldom shut, Virginia born, inclinable to be fat, has a
sluggish walk, and broad shoulders. Also BRUMHALL, a Gold Coast Negro,
about the size and height of Ned; he is a fire- man, has remarkable broad
shoulders, a roll in his walk, and had a hurt on his knee lately, from which he
was lame a day or two before he went off; but whether any scar on it, I know
not. Both the last mentioned
fellows have scars on their arms, from burns
which they got by melted cinders flying on them when at work. Brumall is a
yellow Negro, and has a very pleasant countenance. I can give no particular
description of their clothes; I do not know of their carrying any more than
their suits of cotton and osnabrugs. I will give 5 1. reward for each slave, it
taken up in Virginia, and delivered to me; if in Carolina, 10 1. for each.
ARCHIBALD
CARY."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) March 7, 1766, p. 3, col. 3.
1766,
March 14
Hanover County, Va.
Jack
carpenter;
shoemaker
HANOVER, March 14, 1766. RUN away from the subscriber, the 4th and 9th
of this month, two Virginia born Negro men, viz. One a small squat fellow
named JACK, of a yellowish complexion; had on when he went away a cotton
waistcoat with cuffs and pockets, cotton breeches, plaid hose, Virginia shoes, is
a handy fellow at shoemaking and carpenters work, and carried with him a
blue cloth
coat
and leather breeches.
The
other
a
young
well grown Mulatto
�fellow named JACK also, clad as the other, except a coarse felt hat with part of
the crown burnt. Whoever will apprehend the said slaves, so that I get them
again, shall have 20 s. reward for each. RICHARD FARELL."
Virginia Gazette ( P) March 21, 1766, p. 4, col. 1.
1766, April 8
Warwick County, Va.
George America
house carpenter; shoemaker
WARWICK county, April 8, 1766. RUN away from the subscriber, on or about
the 20th of February last, a Virginia born Negro man named GEORGE
AMERICA, about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, about 30 years old, of a yellow
complexion, is a tolerable good shoemaker, and can do something of the house
carpenters work, walks quick and upright, and has a scar on the back of his
left hand; had on a cotton waiscoat and breeches, osnabrugs shirt, and yarn
stockings. As the said slave is outlawed, I do hereby offer a reward of 5 1. to
any person that will kill and destroy him, and 40 s. if taken alive. THOMAS
WATKINS."
Virginia Gazette ( P) April 11, 1766, p. 4, col. 1.
1766,
May
2
Charles City County, Va.
Charles
sawyer; shoemaker
RUN away from the subscriber, the 16th of February last, two Virginia born
Negro men slaves, of a yellow complexion, about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, had
on when they went away Negro cotton waistcoat and breeches, shoes and
stockings and osnabrugs shirt, and took with them several other clothes, and
five Dutch Blankets. One named CHARLES, is a sawyer and shoemaker by
trade, carried with him a set of shoemakers tools, is about 28 years of age,
speaks slow, can read, and may probably procure a pass and get on board
some vessel. The other named GEORGE,
about the same age, is round
shouldered, which causes him to stoop when he walks; they are both
outlawed. Whoever brings, or safely conveys, the said slaves to me, in the
upper end of Charles City county, shall have 3 1. reward for each, if taken in
this colony, if out thereof 10 1. CHARLES FLOYD."
Virginia Gazette ( P) May 2, 1766, p. 3, col. 1.
see below September 23, 1768 and also as advertised by Sarah Floyd in
Virginia Gazette ( R) February 16, 1769, p. 2, col. 3 and ( PD) April 18, 1771, p. 3,
col. 2))
�1766,
May
Samuel]
2
Cumberland County, Va.
Howel[ l]
sawyer
RUN away from the subscriber, the 20th of October last, a likely young
Mulatto man named SAM ROWEL, 23 years old, about 5 feet 9 inches high,
well made for strength, has a remarkable good set of teeth, very black large
eyebrows, and is a little bow legged, as for his apparel it is so long since he
went away that I suppose he has worn them out, and got others. He was
bound for 31 years, according to the condition of his mother, who was to serve
until that time; his pretence for going away was to apply to some lawyer at
Williamsburg to try to get his freedom, though he had a trial in the county
court, and was adjudged to serve his full time. I did hear that he applied to
the King' s Attorney, and he told him he could not get free until his time was
out; and I have never heard from him since. As he passes for a free man, I
imagine he will endeavour to get on board some vessel, I therefore desire all
masters of vessels not to entertain him, or carry him out of the country.
Whoever apprehends the said slave, and brings him to me, in Cumberland
county, on James river, shall receive 5 1. reward. WADE NETHERLAND."
Virginia Gazette ( P) May 2, 1766, p. 3, col. 2.
see below August 16, 1770, wherein Sam Howel identified as a sawyer)
May 4
Jimmy [ Jammy]
1766,
carpenter,
Richmond County, Va.
bricklayer
My son John came from Town this day paid me 2 £ 10 bills for my man
Jammy to be sent to work at his house for him to do some brick work for
which I shall charge him 3/ 6 Per day from the time he sets off."
Jack
P. Greene,
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 295.
see above February 3, March 3 and April 26, 1764 and below January 23 and
31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770,
September 8 and 11, 1770, October 9 and November 10 and 15, 1770, June 2, 14
and 29, 1771, July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771, September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774,
July 27, 1774)
1766,
July
14
Hanover County, Va.
Will and Sam
sawyer,
baker, shoemaker;
carpenter
RAN away from the Subscriber in HANOVER, A Negro Man named WILL, a
lusty
well
made
Fellow, bow legged, and round
shoulder'
d, about 30 Years
�old, he is a Baker by Trade, and understands sawing and shoemaking, has
remarkable white Spots on his Nails and Teeth. Also a Mulatto Fellow named
SAM, by Trade a Carpenter, tall, streight and well made, about 24 Years old,
has a full Face and very rough Forehead, he has a large Scar on his right Leg,
occasioned by a Cut with a broad Ax. They are both very sensible likely
Fellows, and as their Scheme for going off has been for some Time planned, it
is supposed they will attempt to get out of the Colony. Whoever apprehends
the said Slaves, so that I get them again, shall have Twenty Shillings Reward
for each, besides what the Law allows, if taken in this Colony; and Five
Pounds for each if taken out of the Colony. July 14, 1766. B. DANDRIDGE."
Virginia Gazette ( R) August 8, 1766, p. 4, col. 2.
1766,
Essex County, Va.
August 1
Robin
carpenter;
cooper
RUN away from the subscriber, on the 7th of July, in Essex county, about six
miles from Hobb' s Hole, a Mulatto man slave named ROBIN, about 5 feet and
half high, well set, bow legged, has several noted scars on his feet and legs,
one on the lower part of the calf of his right leg, that when he walks or works
his foot it draws as if the leaders were cut, a very large scar on his knee, and
another in the bottom of one of his feet, has several scars in his head, his back
has been well whipped, and is a carpenter and cooper by trade. As I have
reason to suspect that he intends to make his escape out of the colony, I
forewarn all Captains of ships, and skippers of any vessel whatsoever from
taking the said slave in, upon any pretence whatsoever; and further, I desire
all masters may order their vessels to be searched upon their clearing out, in
case he should be concealed. Whoever apprehends the said slave, and conveys
him to me, shall have 5 1. reward, if taken in the colony; and if out of the
colony 10 1. THOMAS WOOD."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) August 1, 1766, p. 3, col. 2.
1767,
January
Prince George County, Va.
1
To be SOLD, on Thursday the 15th of January, at BLANDFORD, if fair
otherwise next fair day, SEVERAL likely NEGROES, among which are 3
apprentices, who have about 3 years to serve, two of them bound to a ship
carpenter, and the other to a bricklayer. At the same time will be sold sundry
kinds of HOUSEHOLD
for all
sums
above
5 1.
FURNITURE.
the
Twelve months credit will be allowed
purchasers giving bond, with approved
security,
to
�The SELLER. N. B. A reasonable discount will be allowed for ready money."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) January 1, 1767, p. 4, col. 2.
1767,
April 16
Williamsburg, Va.
Bob, alias Edward
or Edmund
carpenter,
currier,
sawyer;
Tamar
sailor,
shoemaker
APRIL 16, 1767. RUN AWAY from the subscriber, near Williamsburg, last
Saturday night, a Negro fellow named BOB, about 5 feet 7 inches high, about
26 years of age, was burnt when young, by which he has a scar on the wrist of
his right hand, the thumb of his left hand burnt off, and the hand turns in; had
on a double breasted dark coloured frieze jacket, and yellow cotton breeches.
He was lately brought home from Hartford county in North Carolina, where
he has been harboured for three years past by one Van Pelt, who lives on
Chinkopin creek; he passed for a freeman, by the name of Edward or Edmund
Tamar, and has got a wife there. He is an extraordinary sawer, a tolerable
good carpenter and currier, pretends to make shoes, and is a very good sailor.
He has been gone for eight years, a part of which time he lived in
Charlestown, South Carolina. He can read and write; and as he is a very artful
fellow, will probably forge a pass. All masters of vessels are hereby cautioned
from carrying him out of the colony, and any person from employing him.
Whoever apprehends
the said fellow, and conveys him to me, shall have 3 1.
reward, if taken in this colony; if in North Carolina, 5 1. and if in any other
province, 10 1.
WILLIAM TREBELL."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) April 16, 1767, p. 3, col. 1.
1767,
May
Nansemond County and Norfolk, Va.
14
Charles
sawyer (?)
RUN AWAY from the subscriber, in Nansemond and Norfolk, about the 12th
of April last, a likely Virginia born Negro man named CHARLES, about 6 feet
high, about 37 years old, well made, has a scar on the left side of his lip, cut
by a whipsaw, and is very ingenious at any work; he has been used to hire his
time, and has a pass of Joseph Jones for that purpose, which was not taken in
when I sold him to Lockhart. He took his wife with him, a Mulatto, about 19
years old, about 5 feet and half high, a very likely well shaped woman, and
very ingenious at any work. The above slaves will endeavour to pass for free
man and woman, and as the man is a sensible arch fellow, he will probably
attempt to make his escape from off this continent; I therefore forewarn all
Captains of ships from taking the said slaves on board their vessels. Whoever
brings the said
slaves
to
Joseph Jones
in Nansemond,
or
Joseph
Lockhart
in
�Norfolk, shall have FIVE POUNDS
reward."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) May 14, 1767, p. 3, col. 2.
1767,
August 25
King William County, Va.
Harry and Jemmy
sawyers
and clapboard
A SCHEME
STOCKS,
of a LO T
belonging
sawer and clapboard
carpenters
ERY, For DISPOSING
to the subscriber ....
carpenter,
of certain
LANDS,
SLAVES,
and
A Negro man named Harry, a fine
with his wife named
Sarah,
and a child named
about 1 year old .... A Negro man named Jemmy, as good a sawer as
in the colony, and understands clapboard work...." [ slaves valued from £ 25
any
to £ 180,
Harry at £ 180 and Jemmy at £ 100; drawing to be at Anthony Hay' s in
Judith,
Williamsburg, November 2, 1767; subscriber is Thomas Moore.]
Virginia Gazette ( PD) September 3, 1767, p. 3, col. 1.
1767,
October
16
Northumberland
County, Va.
Solomon
carpenter;
cooper
October 16, 1767. RAN away from the Subscriber, living in Northumberland
County, about the Middle of February last, a Negro Fellow named SOLOMON,
aged 19, healthy and well made, about 5 Feet 10 or 11 Inches high, a smooth
Face, and good Countenance, he is much bruised between the Knuckles and
the first Joint of the Two middle Fingers of his left Hand, and has a Cut a-
cross his right Hand: Had on, when he went away, a WELSH Cotton Jacket,
with Pocket- Flaps before, with a red Cape round the Collar, a Pair of Country
Cloth Breeches, a Pair of black Plush ditto, a light coloured Bearskin Coat, with
white Metal Buttons, and a Belt to button round the Middle; he understands a
little of the Cooper and Carpenters Trade. Whoever takes up said Slave, and
brings him to the Subscriber, living on the Mouth of Great Wicomico River,
shall have FIVE POUNDS Sterling Reward, from COLIN CAMPBELL. If said
Fellow is in any Public Jail, the Keeper is requested to signify it to C. C."
Maryland
Gazette
November
26, 1767.
January 18, 19, 22, February 18, 26 and May
Davy, George, Jupiter, Ned, Mike, Sam, Tom, Will
1768,
7
Fairfax County, Va.
Carpenters went to Saw Plank at Doeg Run for finishing the Barn there. Will.
put
new
girders into my Mill
where
they
had Sunk."
�Mike, Tom, &
Sam went abt. the Overseers House at Muddy hole."
Davy, George, Jupiter and Ned, finishd Sawing
ca. abt. Overseers House at Muddy hole."
at
Doeg
Run &
Joind Mike
Rais' d Overseers House at Muddy hole."
Carpenters not having quite finishd the Overseers Ho[use] at Muddy hole for
want of some Plank went abt. a Corn Ho. there."
Carpenters finishd the Corn Ho. at Muddy hole. And went to trimmg. fish
Barrls."
and
Jackson
Twohig,
eds.,
The Diaries of George Washington, II: 36, 43, 57.
see above February 5, 19 and 20, 1760 and below August 18, 1785, April 17,
28, 29 and May 26, 1788)
1768,
January 22
Davy, George, Jupiter and Ned; Mike
sawyers;
Davy,
Mike &
Jackson
Fairfax County, Va.
carpenter (?)
George,
Jupiter
and Ned, finish[
d
Sawing
ca. abt. Overseers House at Muddy hole."
and
Twohig,
eds.,
e]
at
Doeg
Run &
Join[ e] d
The Diaries of George Washington, II: 36.
see above January 19 and below February 18 and 26, 1768)
1768,
January 28
Davy, Caesar and George
New Kent County, Va.
carpenter; brickmaker, sawyer; sawer, carter
a lottery offering a 300 acre plantation, tracts of 200 acres and 185 acres,
livestock, furniture and nine slaves including:
•
A Mulatto fellow named Davy, about 33 years old, a good carpenter" valued
at 120
pounds, " A
Negro man named Caesar, a good brick- maker and sawer"
valued at 100 pounds and "A Negro man named George, about 22 years old, a
good sawer and carter" valued at 80 pounds. These three men were the most
highly valued of all slaves offered for sale.
Virginia
Gazette ( PD)
January
28, 1768, p. 3, col. 2.
�1768,
February
1 and 13
Fairfax County, Va.
Will
carpenter
Carpenters all ( except Will) Went to Sawing Pailing for a Goose yard."
Finishd the Goose Pen at Home."
Jackson and Twohig,
The Diaries of George Washington II: 43.
see above January 18, 19, 20, February 18, 26 and May 7)
eds.,
1768,
York County, Va.
February 1
Guy and Jimmy
carpenters
Guy & Jimmy returned this day from Ring' s Neck where they have been
building two Negroe quarters 20. by 16. an Overseer' s House 20. by 16. &
Corn house 16. by 12."
Diary
Robert
Wormeley
Carter,
a
1768 ( W& M).
see Landon Carter diary entries, beginning above February 3, March 3 and
April 26, 1764)
1768,
February
18 and 26
Fairfax County, Va.
Rais' d Overseers House at Muddy hole."
Carpenters not having quite finish[ e] d the Overseers Ho[ use] at Muddy hole
for want of some Plank went abt. a Corn Ho. there."
Jackson
and
Twohig, eds. The Diaries of George Washington, II: 43.
see above January 19 and 22, 1768)
1768,
April 14
Virginia
Abraham, Robin, York
carpenter,
cooper;
sawyer;
sawyer
SCHEME of a LOTTERY for disposing of certain LANDS, SLAVES, and
STOCKS
belonging to the Subscriber ... A Negro Man named Abraham, about
26 Years old, an exceeding good Forge Carpenter, Cooper, and Clapboard
A Negro Man, Robin,
Carpenter ....
negro
Man
Abraham
named York,
at £
200, Robin
a
good
at £
a
good
Sawyer, and Bella his Wife ....
Sawyer...." [
120 and York
slaves
at £
75;
A
valued from £ 20 to £ 280,
subscriber
Bernard Moore.]
�Virginia Gazette ( R) April 14, 1768, p. 3, col. 1 and 2.
see also Virginia Gazette ( PD) December 1, 1768, p. 3, col. 2 and 3, wherein
location and date of drawing specified as Williamsburg on December 15, 1768;
also Virginia Gazette ( R) November 23, 1769, p. 3, col. 3 with same listings and
drawing scheduled in Williamsburg December 1769.]
1768,
My
May
2
and 23
Carpenters &
Fairfax County, Va.
House People went to Planting Corn at Doeg Run after they
had finishd fishing."
My Carpenters & House People went to Work at my Mill repairing the Dams
hightening of them - & opening the Race."
Jackson
1768,
and
May
Twohig,
eds.,
The Diaries of George Washington II: 67.
Brunswick County, Va.
6- 13
Jack
carpenter;
cooper
RUN AWAY, about the 22d of December, 1766, a likely NEGRO MAN named
JACK, about five feet nine inches high, knock kneed, with remarkable large
feet, a full face, and very black; is a good cooper, and can work at the
carpenter' s trade; has a piece taken off one of his ears, Virginia born, and
speaks good English. FIFTY POUNDS currency will be paid to any person who
apprehends the said fellow and brings him to me in Brunswick county,
Virginia CHARLES MASON."
South Carolina and American General Gazette May 6- 13, 1768.
1768,
June
8 and 25
Fairfax County, Va.
Carpenters went to getting the frame for my Barn at the House."
The Carpenters finishd getting the Frame for the Barn at my Ho[me] House."
Jackson
and
Twohig,
eds.,
The Diaries
of
George Washington
II: 73, 74.
�1768,
July
Curry
30
Lancaster County, Va.
Tuxent
carpenter;
cooper
Lancaster county, JULY 30. RUN away from Capt. JOHN WILLIAMS, of
Northumberland county, the latter end of May last, a Negro man named Curry
Tuxent, about 50 years of age, by trade a carpenter and cooper, he is a tall slim
black fellow about 6 feet high has lost most of his upper fore teeth, talks very
fast and smooth; he carried with him carpenters and coopers tools, by which
he will expect to pass as a freeman. It is thought he is gone towards JAMES
river, after a parcel of Negroes lately purchased by Sir Peyton Skipwith from
the estate of Robert Bristow, Esq; Whoever secures the said fellow, so that I get
him again, shall have five pounds reward, paid by RICHARD EDWARDS."
Virginia Gazette ( R) August 4, 1768, p. 3, col. 1.
1768, August 18
Amelia County, Va.
Sambo
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber in Amelia, in the year 1766, a black Virginia
born Negro fellow, named SAMBO, about 6 feet high, about 32 years old, and
bends in one of his knees, but which I cannot tell. He makes fiddles, and can
play upon the fiddle, and work at the carpenters trade. I have heard that he
passes for a free fellow. Whoever brings the said Negro to me shall have 10 £
reward. MARK JACKSON."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) August 18, 1768, p. 3, col. 2.
1768, August 20
Stafford County, Va.
Peter Deadfoot, alias William Swann
sawyer; butcher, carter, ploughman, scytheman, shoemaker, waterman
STAFFORD County, August 20, 1768. RAN away last April, from one of the
subscriber' s quarters in Loudoun ( where he had been a short time sawing) a
Mulatto slave belonging to Samuel Selden, jun. named Peter Deadfoot, though
it is supposed he has changed his name, as he the day before attempted to
pass for a freeman, and had got as far as Noland' s ferry, on his way to
Philadelphia, by a forged pass, in which he was called William Swann. He is a
tall, slim, clean limbed, active, genteel, handsome fellow, with broad shoulders;
about 22 years of age, a dark Mulatto, with a nose rather flat than otherwise,
very sensible, and smooth tongued; but is apt to speak quick, swear, and with
dreadful
even
curses upon himself, in defence of his innocence,
when
guilty; which may be easily discovered,
by
if taxed with a fault,
any person' s taxing him
�with being run away. He is an indifferent shoemaker, a good butcher,
ploughman, and carter; an excellent sawyer, and waterman, understands
breaking oxen well, and is one of the best scythemen, either with or without a
cradle, in America; in short, he is so ingenious a fellow, that he can turn his
hand to any thing; he has a great share of pride, though he is very obliging, is
extremely fond of dress; and though his holiday clothes were taken from him,
when he first attempted to get off, yet, as he has probably passed for a
freeman, I make no doubt he has supplied himself with others, as such a
fellow would readily get employment; it has been reported that he was seen
on board a vessel in York river, near York town; but for my own part, I
suspect that he is either in Prince William county, Charles county in Maryland
in both which places he has relations) or in the neighbourhood of Winchester.
Wheover apprehends
the said slave, and conveys him to me in Stafford
county, shall receive, if taken within ten miles of my house, Five Pounds; if
about fifty miles, Ten Pounds; and if above one hundred miles, Twenty
Pounds reward, besides what the law allows. THOMSON
MASON."
Virginia Gazette ( R) September 22, 1768, p. 3, col. 2.
1768, September
23
Charles City County, Va.
Charles
sawyer;
shoemaker
Charles City, Sept. 23, 1768. RUN away from the subscriber, the 11th inst. a
Negro fellow named Charles, about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, of a yellow
complexion, speaks slow and soft, and is about twenty-seven years of age, an
artful cunning fellow; had with him when he went away sundry cloaths, but of
what sort more than common I cannot remember, only a bearskin great coat,
and large pair of silver shoe buckles. He is a sawyer and shoemaker by trade,
and carried with him his shoemaker' s tools. The said fellow reads tolerably
well, and is a great preacher, from which I imagine he will endeavour to pass
for a freeman. He is outlawed, and I hereby offer a reward of fifteen pounds
for his head, severed from his body, or ten pounds if brought alive. He ran
away on the 16th of February 1765, and was absent near two years. CHARLES
FLOYD."
Virginia Gazette ( R) October 27, 1768, p. 3, col. 3.
see above May 2, 1766 and as advertised by Sarah Floyd in Virginia Gazette ( R)
February
16, 1769, p. 2, col. 3 and ( PD) April 18, 1771,
p. 3, col. 2)
�1768, September
Cumberland, Va.
29
Harry
carpenter;
Waterman
Cumberland,
Sept. 29, 1768.
RUN away from the subscriber, a Negro man
named HARRY, who is about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, a very sensible artful
fellow, that speaks quick and plain, understands a little of the carpenter' s
business, is a good waterman, and has been much used to work on board of
ships, at Cumberland
Town, in the time he belonged to Mr. Richard Littlepage.
He has a wife in the neighbourhood of the said town, where I have good
reason to believe he has resorted ever since he has been run away, and might
be easily apprehended. If he leaves those parts, I am apprehensive he will
endeavour to make his escape by water, therefore desire all persons,
particularly masters of vessels, not to harbour or entertain the said Negro.
Also about the same time, a young Negro man named TOM, about 6 feet high,
has a roguish look, and has lost part of one of his ears. He has been seen in
Nansemond
and Norfolk counties, and is supposed to be about the Dismal
Swamp. Whoever conveys the said runaways to me, shall have 5 1. reward for
each. JOHN MAYO."
Virginia Gazette ( R) October 6, 1768, p. 3, col. 1.
1768,
October
Gloucester County, Va.
19
Sam
carpenter; cooper
Gloucester, October 19, 1768. RUN away from the subscriber the 9th of this
Instant, a Negro fellow named Sam, about five feet eight inches high; he stole
a white horse about thirteen hands three inches high, was seen to pass
Caroline Court- house the 11th of this instant, on his way to Mr. John Wiatt' s,
at Mr. Mann Page' s plantation, near Bull Run. The said runaway had the usual
cloathing for labouring Negroes. Some vile person gave him a pass, signed
with my name, to permit him to pass to the said Wiatt' s, and to hire himself to
any person. The aforesaid runaway is a good carpenter and cooper. Whoever
will secure him in any gaol [ jail], so that I may get him again, shall have three
pounds reward. JASPER CLAYTON."
Virginia Gazette ( R) November 17, 1768, p. 3, col. 3.
1768, December
York County, Va.
22
To be HIRED at the half-way house between Williamsburg and York, on
Monday the 2d of January next, TWENTY likely NEGRO MEN, belonging to
the
estate
of
John
Brown,
deceased,
among
whom
are
three pair of
�extraordinary good sawers, a very good carpenter, and several good
watermen.
Bond and security will be required.
ROBERT NICOLSON, JOHN
BROWN, Executors."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) December 22, 1768, p. 3, col. 2.
1769,
January
ESSEX
28
Essex County, Va.
county, JAN. 28, 1769.
of Col.
LEE, deceased,
JOHN
to JOHN LEE."
Four Negro Carpenters, belonging to the estate
in April next. For terms apply
to be hired early
Virginia Gazette ( R) February 23, 1769, p. 2, col. 2.
1769, April 27
Chesterfield County, Va.
Joe
sawyer; blacksmith
RUN away from the subscriber in Chesterfield, a Virginia born Negro man
slave named JOE, about 30 years of age, about 5 feet 6 inches high, is a likely
well made fellow, has small eyes, his fore teeth even and good, is a good
sawer, and has worked at the blacksmith' s trade some time, but knows little of
that business. Whoever brings the said fellow to me shall have 5 1. reward, if
10 miles from home, if 30 miles 10 1. and if 100 miles 20 1. He is a brisk active
fellow, and will make his escape if possible, as he expects to be hung if
apprehended, having broke into many houses, and stole several things.
HENRY
BATTE."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) April 27, 1769, p. 3, col. 2.
1769,
May
22
Lancaster County, Va.
Jack
sawyer
LANCASTER, May 22, 1769. RUN away from the subscriber, about the 28th
of December last, a Negro man named JACK, about 5 feet 3 or 4 inches high,
about 25 years old, has a down look, and has lost the two first joints of his
little finger, though which hand I do not well remember, but believe it to be
the left. Whoever conveys the said slave to me shall have 40 s. reward, if taken
in this colony, and 5 1. if out thereof. THOMAS MUNTON. N. B. The said slave
has been much used to the whipsaw."
Virginia
Gazette ( PD)
June
1,
1769, p. 3, col. 2.
�1769,
13
July
York County, Va.
Sampson
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber in York county, the 21st of May last, a Negro
man slave named SAMPSON, about six feet high, a remarkable thin face and
high forehead; he is a sensible fellow, and can do a little at the carpenter' s
business; he is thought to be harboured at Cabin Point, on James river. If any
one will apprehend the said Negro and secure him so that I can get him, shall
have TWENTY SHILLINGS reward, besides what the law allows WILLIAM
MOODY, jun."
Virginia Gazette ( R) July 13, 1769, p. 4, col. 2.
1769,
22
July
Prince George County, Va.
Ned
house carpenter, sawyer; wheelwright
PRINCE
GEORGE,
JULY
22, [
17169. RUN away from the subscriber, near the
courthouse, the 1st of June last, a Virginia born Negro man named NED, about
6 feet high, about 55 years of age, is a little round shouldered, stoops a little as
he walks, his hair gray, beard thin, a thin visage, and is a house carpenter, a
wheelwright, and a very good sawer. He is outlawed. Whoever takes up the
said Negro, and brings him to me, or confines him in jail well ironed, shall
have 50 s. reward. BURWELL GREEN."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) August 10, 1769, p. 3, col. 3.
1769, September
14
Albemarle County, Va.
Sandy
carpenter; horse jockey, shoemaker
RUN away from the subscriber in Albemarle, a Mulatto slave called Sandy,
about 35 years of age, his stature is rather low, inclining to corpulence, and his
complexion light; he is a shoemaker by trade, in which he uses his left hand
principally, can do coarse carpenters work, and is something of a horse jockey;
he is greatly addicted to drink, and when drunk is insolent and disorderly, in
his conversation he swears much, and in his behaviour is artful and knavish.
He took with him a white
expected
horse, much scarred
he will endeavour
to dispose;
with traces, of which it is
he also carried
his shoemakers
tools,
and will probably endeavour to get employment that way. Whoever conveys
the said slave to me, in Albemarle, shall have 40 s. reward, if taken up within
the
county,
4 1. if elsewhere
within
the colony,
and 10 1. if in any
other
colony,
�from THOMAS JEFFERSON."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) September 14, 1769, p. 4, col. 1.
1769, October
5
King George County, Va.
Hanover, alias William Hanover
house carpenter, joiner
THREE POUNDS reward, and FIVE if taken out of the colony. RUN away
from the plantation of William Fitzhugh, Esq; in King George, the 17th of
September last, Hanover, a Negro man slave, by some called William Hanover,
about five feet eleven inches high, and forty years old. He had a variety of
cloaths, particularly a kersey surtout coat, with flat metal buttons on the
breast, by trade a good house carpenter and joiner, and is well acquainted in
most parts of Virginia. I expect he is in Lancaster county, at a plantation of Mr.
Burgis Bell' s, where his wife has been lately removed. It is supposed he went
down Rappahannock river in some vessel, by the quantity of bed and wearing
cloaths he carried with him. I hope all masters of vessels will take care such a
fellow shall not be carried out of the country. Whoever will deliver him to me
in Carolina, shall receive the above reward, and all reasonable charges, paid by
WALKER
TALIAFERRO."
Virginia Gazette ( R) October 5, 1769, p. 2, col. 3.
1769,
November 2
Williamsburg, Va.
Williamsburg, Nov. 2, 1769. ANY person who has a Negro fellow to dispose
of, that is a good clapboard carpenter, may apply to FREDERICK BRYAN. ***
who will likewise give ten shillings for a RAM GOAT."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) November 2, 1769, p. 3, col. 1.
1769, November 8
Petersburg, Va.
Phil; Will
sawyer,
forgeman;
carpenter
lands and slaves for sale by John Ballendine for payment of debts amounting
to £ 1115. 16. 6 sterling and £ 17.19.4 current money; lands include parcels of 900,
90, 499, and 399 acres in Fauquier, Prince William, and Fairfax Counties and 53
developed lots in town of Philee; " SLAVES, viz. Robin, a forgeman; Phil, a
forgeman and sawer; Tom, a forgeman, Clem, a blacksmith; Will, a miller;
Will, a carpenter; Caesar, a collier; Joe, Jack, Prince, Dick, and Pompey,
labourers; John, a baker; Tom Maryland; Cato, a labourer; Betty, Nan, Lucy,
�Lett, Kate, Jenny, Myrtilla, Moll, Sally, George, Prince and Robert, a boy.
THOMAS TABB. THOMAS YUILLE."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) November 16, 1769, p. 2, col. 2.
1769, November 23
Hanover County, Va.
Charles
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber in Hanover county, a mulatto man slave
named CHARLES, 22 years old, about 5 feet 9 inches high, slim made, of a
light complexion, has straight hair, and has been used to work at the
carpenter' s business. He took with him a middle sized black mare, a little
galled on the shoulders by carting, but neither dockt nor branded. He has blue
fearnought coat, and a green plains coat with metal buttons, and is supposed
to be gone toward North Carolina. Whoever apprehends the said slave, and
brings him to me, shall have 40 s. reward, besides what the law allows; and if
taken out of the colony, 5 1. JOHN SNELSON."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) November 23, 1769, p. 3, col. 2.
1770,
January
23 and
31
Richmond County, Va.
Tony, Guy, Jimmy [ Gerry ?]
carpenters
Tony has been 2 days morticing Cedar posts for paling in my Garden. As to
Mr. Guy it is well he has a lame partner [Jimmy] to lay his idleness to. If
Jimmy had been well he says the Corn house [ w] ould have been finished but
from Jimmy' s sickness he has above the plank [ to] saw and the stocks to get. I
believe [ he] will t[ ell]
another
tale
by
tomorrow
night. [ Will]
Lawson [ overseer]
has resolved to take him [ u] nder his care."
Tony is preparing my garden posts but at so slow a rate that his boy and he
only mortices [ sic] 7 of them a day. As to my fork Corn house I believe Gerry
will never get ready to frame that. It will be a good one when done and a
lasting one but I fear a dear one by the labour."
Jack
P. Greene, ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 348, 351.
see above February 3, March 3 and April 26, 1764, May 4, 1766 and below
February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 16, 1770, April
21 and May 22, 1770, March 28 and 30, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770,
August 16, 1770, September 8 and 11, 1770, October 9, November 10 and 15,
1770, November 24, 1770 and January 17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18,
1771,
July
29, 31 and August 9, 1771,
February
3, 1772, September
30, 1772,
�September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774, July 27, 1774; see above February 1, 1768
entry from Robert Wormeley Carter Diary)
1770,
February
17
Richmond County, Va.
McGinnis
carpenter
McGinnis is boarding up the partition in the Tobacco [ house] where I must
put some of my Corn until that Cornhouse is finished for the old house is
quite full which holds near 90 barrels and perhaps there may be near as much
more to put up."
Jack
P. Greene,
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 358.
see below March 28 and 31, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770,
September
8 and 11,
1770, October
9, November
10 and
15, 1770, November
24,
1770 and January 17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 29, 31 and August 9,
1771, September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774, July 27, 1774)
1770,
February
17 and March
1
Richmond County, Va.
Guy, Jimmy
carpenters
I have ordered Guy, as he must be done plank sawing before I come back, to
get new sills for the mudhouse [ a tobacco house] where they are rotten
because he may make a mistake in framing that Corn house ...."
Guy and Jimmy it seems have been 3 days getting new sills for the
y
Mudhouse, some of which are rotten."
Jack
P. Greene,
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 358, 364.
see above February 3, March 3 and April 26, 1764, May 4, 1766, January 23
and 31, 1770 and below March 16, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, September
8 and 11, 1770, October 9, Novebmer 10 and 15, 1770, November 24, 1770 and
January 17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771,
February 3, 1772, September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774, July 27, 1774)
1770,
February
22
James City County, Va.
Charles
sawyer
RUN away from the subscriber, in James City, the latter end of July last, a
large black Negro fellow named CHARLES, a sawyer by trade, has a large scar
in his face, and
straddles
much in his walk; he is much addicted
to
running
�away, was taken up at Hampton in 1766, where he endeavoured to pass for a
freeman, and was lurking, as I suppose, in order to get the opportunity of
some vessel to escape out of the country. As he may probably have made that
way now with the same design, I forewarn all masters of vessels from
harbouring or employing him; and will give the person who takes up and
brings him to me, or secures him in any prison, TWENTY SHILLINGS, besides
the allowance
by law. THOMAS COWLE."
Virginia Gazette ( R) February 22, 1770, p. 3, col. 2.
1770, March 12 and 15
Richmond County, Va.
Tony
carpenter
Tony it seems although he had a stout boy will not reckon this work [ a weir]
was done but by one person. His boy has now been going on 3 years his
apprentice
Tony begins this morning to paling in my Garden."
Mr. Toney shall as certainly receive ample correction for his behaviour to me
as that he and I live. The day before yesterday he began to pale in the garden
and only fitted the rails to seven posts. When he began to put them up I was
riding out and ordered him to leave the gateway into the garden as wide as
the two piers next the gate on each side. Nay, I measured the ground off to
him and showed him where the two concluding posts where to stand and the
rest at 8 feet asunder from post to post to answer to the tenons of his rails and
I asked him if he under stood me. He said he did and would do it so. I had
been 2 hours out and when I came home nothing was done and he was gone
about another jobb. I asked him why he served me so. He told me because it
would not answer his design."
Jack
P. Greene, ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 367, 369.
see above January 23 and 31, 1770 and below March 28 and 31, 1770, April 21
and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770, September 8 and 11, 1770, October 9,
November 10 and 15, 1770, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771, July 29, 31
and August 9, 1771, September 30, 1772, September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774,
July 27, 1774)
1770,
March 16
Richmond County, Va.
Guy
carpenter
I do believe my old Carpenters intend to be my greatest rascals. Guy does not
go about any
jobb
be it
ever
so
trifling
that
he does
not
make
three
weeks
or
a
�month of it
least. The silling my Mudhouse [
tobacco house],
a jobb of not
more than 3 days, he has already been above a fortnight about, and this
morning when my people went to help to put the sills in, though he said he
at
a
was ready for them, he had the rotten sills to cut out and because I told him
he should certainly be called to account for it as I came back truly he was gone
and no body knew where and had been gone for sometime but not about my
house."
Jack
P. Greene,
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 369- 370.
see above January 23 and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770 and below
April 21 and May 22, 1770, September 8 and 11, 1770, October 9, November 10
and 15, 1770, November 24, 1770 and January 17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771,
July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771, February 3, 1772, September 16, 1773, May 26,
1774, July 27, 1774)
1770, March 22
York County, Va.
Ben
carpenter; cooper
Forty Shillings Reward.
RUN away from the subscriber, in York county, about the 11th or 12th of
November last, a very black Negro man named BEN, about 5 feet 6 inches
high, 35 years old, spare made, by trade a carpenter, and understands
something of the coopers business, his upper teeth rotten; he has many clothes,
so it is impossible to describe them. He took with him sundry carpenters and
coopers tools. I expect he will endeavour to pass for a freeman, as he can read
tolerably well, and am doubtful of his obtaining a pass from some evil
disposed person, and leave the colony. This is to desire all masters of vessels,
and others, from harbouring him; and I will give the above reward to any
person that will deliver him to me, at Mr. James Shields' s, near Williamsburg.
JOSHUA JONES."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) March 22, 1770, p. 3, col. 3.
1770,
March 23
Louisa County, Va.
Emanuel
sawyer
Mount Harmony, LOUISA, March 23, 1770
RUN away on the 19th instant, a likely Virginia born Negro named Emanuel,
about 6 feet high, by trade a sawyer, well made, middle aged, speaks
remarkably well, and has a great knack of insinuation; he was cloathed in blue
plains, but perhaps may change his cloaths, as he carried sundry others with
him, and
endeavour
to
pass for
a
freeman,
having
assurance
enough
to
�undertake any thing that will prevent him from being conveyed home; in
order to have which done, I will give a reward of FORTY SHILLINGS, besides
the allowance by law. JOHN FOX."
Virginia Gazette ( R) April 19, 1770, p. 3, col. 2.
Charles City County, Va.
1770, March 26
Edom
bricklayer
WESTOVER, March 26, 1770. RUN away from Westover on Sunday last, a
very likely Negro man of the middle size, named EDOM, by trade a
bricklayer,
and is
about
25 years old. '
Tis supposed he will go into King
William county. I will give FORTY SHILLINGS to whoever delivers him to me
at Westover, or to Mr. David Pattison, at the falls of James river. W. BYRD."
Virginia Gazette (R) March 29, 1770, p. 3, col. 2.
see also Virginia Gazette ( PD) April 5, 1770, p. 4, col. 2 citing a two pound
reward)
1770, March 28 and 31
Richmond County, Va.
Tony, McGinnis
carpenters
Tony began yesterday to nail my pails up."
I think my man Tony is determined to struggle whether he shall not do as he
pleases. He has with McGinis been 2 days only pailing in the dairy and
henhouse yard with the posts ready hewed and morticed for him. I told him
when I rode out this morning he would certainly get another whipping. He
was ranging the pales at least one pannel above another full a foot pretending
the ground was uneven. I asked him if he could not pare the ground away. He
stoopt down like falling but I imagined it was the Negroe' s foolish way of
hearing better. I rode out. When I came home the pales were all laid slanting I
asked him why he did that. He still laid the fault on the ground and as his left
shoulder was to me I gave him one small rap upon it."
Jack
P. Greene, ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 377, 378
see above January 23 and 31, 1770, February 17, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770
and below April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770, September 8 and 11,
1770, October 9 and November 10 and 15, 1770, November 24, 1770 and
January 17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771, July 29, 31 and August
9, 1771,
September
30, 1772,
September
16, 1773,
May
26, 1774,
July
27, 1774)
�1770, April 12
Henry ( or Harry)
Westmoreland County, Va.
Cooke
carpenter
20 Reward. RUN away from the subscriber, on Monday night the 9th
instant, three Negro men, two of them slaves, viz. NED, about 5 feet 8 inches
high, 21 years of age, of a yellow complexion, a likely well made fellow, his
usual clothing an osnabrug shirt, dark gray fearnought waistcoat, cotton
breeches, course yarn stockings, bad shoes, and a felt hat. He also took other
clothes, but what not yet known. FRANK, a foreign Negro, a very good cook,
says he was born in the Spanish West Indies, speaks bad English, as also
French, Spanish, and some Dutch, near the same height of Ned, about 30 years
of age, of a yellow complexion, with little or no beard, and has several
remarkable wounds on his body, and a large one near his throat; he is clothed
in blue plains, osnabrug shirt, and felt hat, as also a pair of red flannel muffs,
and a red cap. HENRY COOKE, a free Negro, born in Gloucester county, but
indented himself for five years for the cure of a pox, about 5 feet 10 or 11
inches high, about 24 years of age, lusty and very well made, of a good black
complexion, and thick lips; his clothing mean, being an old brown cloth
waistcoat and breeches much patched with green cloth, osnabrug shirt, yarn
stockings, very bad shoes, though he took leather with him ready cut out for
another pair. He understands a little of the carpenter business, and has
likewise followed the water. It is thought they took with them a Negro fellow
belonging to the estate of the late Major William Tate, middle aged, about 5
feet 6 inches high, well set, bow legged, of a dark copper complexion, an old
offender in this way, and a few years past advertised in the Maryland and
Pennsylvania Gazettes by William Tate, deceased, by virtue of which he was
taken up near the head of the bay, within a few miles of the Pennsulvania
government. They took with them a yawl of about 18 feet keel, London clinch
work, painted white to her gunwales, two good sails, rudder, and two new
pine oars. The 20 1. reward, or 5 1. for each, will be paid if taken in any other
colony; but if
taken in Virginia
only 12 1.
or
3 1. for each.
WILLIAM
FLOOD.
WESTMORELAND, April 12, 1770"
Virginia Gazette ( PD) April 19, 1770, p. 3, col. 2.
see also Virginia Gazette ( R) April 19, 1770, p. 3, col. 2 and Maryland Gazette
May 3, 1770, p. 3, col. 2 wherein Henry Cooke is Harry Cooke and the fourth
man is identified as Sam)
1770, April 21 and
May
22
Richmond County, Va.
Guy, Tony, McGinis, Jimmy
carpenters
From Friday last to last night Guy, Toney, McGinis, Jimmy, and two boys
have been getting pales of Chessnut.
Two
of them only have been
sawing. The
�rest getting stocks and they have only got 317 five foot poles 4 inches wide."
My Carpenters are now about my paling again. I wish that jobb done because
I really want to right up my barn and new cover my Mangorike Tobacco
house for if I should have a Crop I may have housing to put it in and I must
new thatch my fork house to serve at least for putting in my Corn this next
year as well as build that Corn house. Besides all this My Mill race that is to
be must be lined with boards and Chestnut posts."
Jack
P. Greene,
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 391, 414.
see above February 3, March 3 and April 26, 1764, May 4, 1766, January 23
and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 16,
1770, March 28 and 31, 1770, and below August 16, 1770, September 8 and 11,
1770, October 9, November 10 and 15, 1770, November 24, 1770 and January
17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771, July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771,
February 3, 1772, September 30, 1772, September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774, July
27, 1774)
1770, May30
Northumberland County, Va.
h'
Will
carpenter
Indian creek, Northumberland
county, May 30, 1770. RUN away from the
subscriber three slaves, viz. a dark Mulatto named MICHAEL, about 5 feet 7
inches high, is well set, about 25 years old, by trade a shoemaker; also a light
Mulatto, about the same size, named LEWIE, one of his arms has been broke,
which occasions a stiffness in it; he is a brother of Michael' s, and are supposed
to be together; also a Negro, about 40 years old, named WILL, by trade a
carpenter, about 5 feet 6 inches high; he is supposed to be about York.
Whoever
will deliver them to me shall receive TWENTY
SHILLINGS
reward
for each, besides what the law allows. JOHN SMITH."
Virginia Gazette ( R) August 23, 1770, p. 4, col. 3.
see also Virginia Gazette ( R) January 17, 1771, p. 4, col. 3)
1770, August 16
Cumberland County, Va.
Sam[ uel] Howel[ 1]
sawyer
RUN away from the subscriber, in Cumberland county, two mulatto servant
men, SAMUEL HOWELL, about 28 years old, well set, about 5 feet 8 or 9
inches high; he is
a
sensible
fellow and
a
good
sawyer.
SIMON
HOWELL,
brother to Samuel, about 25 years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, has a thin
visage,
and sharp
chin.
They
went
off in
their
common
labouring
dress, and
�took no other clothes with them that I can discover. They are both bound to 31
years of age, and no doubt will endeavour to pass for free. Samuel lately
brought a suit for his freedom in the General Court, which was determined
against him. Whoever delivers the said servants to me, about two miles from
Michaux' s ferry, shall receive a reward of 6 1. if taken in Virginia, and if out of
the colony 10 1. WADE NETHERLAND."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) August 16, 1770, p. 3, col. 3.
see above May 2, 1766)
1770,
August 16
Richmond County, Va.
Tony, McGinnis
carpenters
My Chariot carriage must now be thoroughly repaired and as it is not worth
employing a perfect artist about it my Negroes, Tony and McGinis, are set to
do it which will be a delay upon the fixing my waste dam and pier heads to
my mill as well as lining my Canal."
Jack
P. Greene, ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 467.
see above January 23 and 31, 1770, February 17, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770,
March 28 and 31, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770 and below September 8 and
11, 1770, October 9, November 10 and 15, 1770, November 24, 1770 and
January 17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771, July 29, 31 and August
9, 1771, September 30, 1772, September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774, July 27, 1774)
1770, September
8 and 11
Richmond County, Va.
Guy et al.
carpenters
In order to have my tobacco as much under my own eye as possible I set my
Carpenters this day to make my prize house fit for hanging tobaccoe; because
by hanging that first I am in hopes to get it cured by the time I shall want the
house for prizing."
I ordered after this tobacco is got in Manuel, Guy and their boys to go to
filling up the tobacco house called the mudd house up the sills to be out of the
way of the winter' s water."
Jack
P. Greene,
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 483, 487.
see above February 3, March 3 and April 26, 1764, May 4, 1766, January 23
and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 16,
1770, March
28 and 31, 1770, April 21 and
May
22, 1770, August
16, 1770 and
�below October 9, November 10 and 15, 1770, November 24, 1770 and January
17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771, July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771,
February 3, 1772, September 30, 1772, September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774, July
27, 1774)
1770, October 9, November
10 and 15
Richmond County, Va.
Guy
carpenter
Guy and the Carpenters gone to build Jamy and Jugg a 12 foot house, then to
new fit their [sic] house and remove it for [John] Doleman [ Fork Quarter
overseer] to live in."
My Carpenters will get the House I had of deGraftenreidt ready to roll away
to the Spring there by monday for Doleman where he is to live."
The carpenters removed Jugg' s house as far as Doleman chose to have it from
the spring. They are to fit it up and then to setting up my Fork Corn field
house; however I can' t as yet find the plan I drew although I ordered Owen
before he went to lay it out somewhere in the way."
Jack
P. Greene, ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 509, 522, 523.
see above February 3, March 3 and April 26, 1764, May 4, 1766, January 23
and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 12 and 17, 1770, March 16,
1770, March 28 and 31, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770,
September 8 and 11, 1770 and below November 24, 1770 and January 17, 1771,
June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771, July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771, February
3, 1772, September 30, 1772, September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774, July 27, 1774)
1770, October
10
Fauquier County, Va.
Will
carpenter;
cooper,
turner
FAUQUIER county, October 10, 1770. RUN away from the subscriber, the 4th
of this instant, a mullatto fellow named WILL, 4 feet 10 or 11 inches high,
about 34 years of age, is well set, has a smooth insinuating way of talking, he
has a small scar under one of his eyes, though as I never took notice of it
myself don' t know on which side of his face, he has a large scar upon his right
leg, occasioned by the cut of an ax: Had on when he went away a blue duffil
coat lined with red shalloon, an osnabrig shirt and trowsers, a felt hat about
half worn, a pair of coarse store shoes, with brass buckles; he took with him a
pair of Russia drill breeches, two waistcoats, one a light coloured frize, and the
other a black duroy, and an oznabrig coat. He has worked some time at the
carpenters
and
coopers
trade, though knows
but little of
either,
but is
a
�tolerable good turner, and has taken with him several of his tools, though as
they may be troublesome to carry he probably may sell them, and being an
artful subtle fellow, imagine he will go as much in disguise as possible, to
prevent suspicion. Having reason to believe, from the information of his
companions, that he intends to steer his course for the back country or the
upper part of Maryland, I will give to any person that will deliver the said
fellow to me, in Fauquier county, near the court-house, 3 1. reward, if taken up
in this county or any of the adjacent counties, if out of the colony, 5 1. besides
what the law allows. JAMES SCOTT, jun."
Virginia Gazette ( R) November 15, 1770, p. 3, col. 1.
1770, October 16
Charles City County, Va.
Nick
millwright
BERKELEY, October 16, 1770. RUN away from the subscriber, a mulatto man
named NICK, bred a MILLWRIGHT
under Mr. Nathaniel Gordon, with whom
he worked in many parts of the country. He is a short well made fellow, about
22 years old, round faced, and has a scar over one of his eyes. He took with
him a pair of leather breeches, a blue surtout coat, and many other good
clothes. It is supposed he will endeavour to pass for a freeman, and get into
Carolina, but will probably call at Mr. David Meade' s, where he has a wife.
Whoever delivers the said slave to me shall have FIVE POUNDS if taken in
the country, and TEN if out of it. BENJAMIN HARRISON."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) October 18, 1770, supplement, p. 2, col. 2.
see below March 28, 1774 and January 9, 1775)
1770, November
1
Virginia
Daniel
clapboard maker; cooper, shoemaker
RUN away from the subscriber, the 8th day of October last, a mulatto fellow
named DANIEL, about 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, with a scar on his left cheek,
much whiter than the other part of his face, and several on his head. He is a
good cooper, shoemaker, and can get a good clapboard. He was very well
dressed, and pretends to pass for a freeman. I forewarn all masters of vessels
from carrying him out of the
country.
Virginia
RICHARD RICHARDSON."
Gazette ( PD) November 1, 1770,
p. 2, col. 3.
�1770, November
24 and
January
17, 1771
Richmond County, Va.
Guy, McGinnis, Sammy
carpenters
Guy, M' Gennis, Sammy and their two boys began to frame the fork
cornhouse
yesterday."
Guy was to have finished the Fork corn house this day, but as Mcginnis was
imployed at home tomorrow will not finish. The old trade, take one hour from
any Job and it makes two day loss in work. Whipped they shall be."
Jack
P. Greene,
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 526, 534.
see above January 23 and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 16,
1770, March 28 and 31, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770,
September 8 and 11, 1770, Octboer 9, November 19 and 15, 1770 and below
June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771, February 3, 1772,
September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774, July 27, 1774)
1770, December 13
Virginia
John Wilson
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber, on James river, about a month ago, a mulatto
fellow named JOHN WILSON, by trade a carpenter, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high,
34 years of age, very well made, sober and smooth in his discourse, has pretty
long curling hair, which he generally wears tied behind, and has a mark on
one of his shoulders of something resembling a shoulder of mutton. He had
great variety of clothes, particularly a blue cloth coat and breeches, red cloth
jacket, a pea jacket of black spotted cotton or flannel, brown plains jacket,
white linen and osnabrug shirts and trousers, and good shoes and stockings.
He can read, write, and cipher very well, so that he is every way well qualified
to attempt passing as a freeman, and probably to get out of the country. All
masters of vessels, and others, are therefore forewarned from employing,
harbouring, or carrying said slave out of the colony. He has relations at my
quarter in Bute county, North Carolina, and may flee that way southerly. I will
give FORTY SHILLINGS to whoever will deliver him to me, if taken in the
country, and TEN POUNDS if taken in any other province; Bute county, and
about any quarter there excepted. In that case I will give FIVE POUNDS.
About a week after went off from the same place SARAH, a very lusty negro
woman, about 19 years of age, very tall, and large footed, which she turns in
pretty much. She is a very dark molatto, with black freckles in her face, has a
surly look, and is pretty saucy. She is sister to WILSON, and also has a good
many clothes; but when she went away had on a dark coloured plains jacket
and
petticoat,
run
away for
with
near
a
a
border round
twelvemonth
the coat
of red cloth like [ ].
before, and
was
taken
up
near
She had been
Blandford
�and committed to Prince George prison, and had not been at home above a
fortnight before she went off again. It is very probable she is now in the
neighbourhood of Blandford or Petersburg, as there are runaways always
thereabouts. She pretends to pass for a freewoman. I will give TWENTY
SHILLINGS to whoever brings her home to me. WILLIAM BLACK."
Virginia Gazette (PD) December 13, 1770, p. 2, col. 3.
1771,
May
James City County, Va.
7
Moses
sawyer
RUN away from Morris Ramsay, in James City county, some time in the year
1769, a mulatto fellow named MOSES, by trade a sawyer, the property of the
subscriber; he is about 36 years of age, his size and apparel I cannot describe
as he belonged to the estate of Joseph Morton, Gentleman, deceased, and never
came to my possession after the division of the said estate. He has a wife
named JOAN, the property of Mr. William Morton, that has been out with him
almost the whole time, and therefore must necessarily suspect that they are
harboured by some ill disposed person in or about Williamsburg. Whoever
takes up the said fellow, and conveys him to me in Richmond county, shall
receive a reward of SEVEN POUNDS, besides what the law allows; and as
such notorious offences are not to be bourne with any degree of patience, I
will give a reward of TWENTY POUNDS to any person who will produce the
head of
the said fellow,
severed
from his
body.
NEWMAN B. BARNES.
May
7, 1771."
Virginia Gazette ( R) May 23, 1771, p. 2, col. 2.
1771,
June
2, 14 and 29
Richmond County, Va.
Tony, Guy, McGinnis, Jimmy
carpenters
I find there is no making my Carpenters understand me. I only ordered those
two roofs of the River side cornfield to be put on pens made of logs to lap in
across one another; And they have got plates, posts and sills as if for a new
tobacco house. I also ordered to mend the rafters here and there just to make
the house serviceable to stack the wheat in that is growing in that cornfield,
and they have got an intire [sic] new set of rafters. I understood by Toney,
Guy first made the mistake and though I forbid it he has spent a week more in
doing it his way."
Toney, Guy, Mcginnis, and Jammy with their boys have now been a full
month about preparing to lift the roof of the
tobacco
house fallen
down."
�The Carpenters thatching the new raised Old tobacco house near the
Riverside. I made them reap and thrash out the Wheat to get the straw and to
thatch on each side regularly so that I hope by monday that house will be in
order to receive the wheat."
Jack
P. Greene, ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 568.
see above February 3, March 3 and April 26, 1764, May 4, 1766, January 23
and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 16,
1770, March 28 and 31, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770,
September
8 and 11, 1770, October
9, November
10 and 15, 1770 and below
July 18, 1771, July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771, February 3, 1772, September 30,
1772, September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774, July 27, 1774)
1771,
July
Jasper
carpenter;
Frederick
18
Va.
cooper, seaman
County (?),
RUN away from the subscriber, in Frederick, the 20th of May last, a Negro
man named JASPER, lately purchased of George Bowness, tanner, in
Portsmouth, and formerly the property of William Simpson, butcher, in
Norfolk, and Francis Clarke, in Princess Anne. The said slave is about 27 years
of age, remarkably strong built, about 5 feet 9 inches high, speaks good
English, wears much hair on his cheeks, the first joint of the fore finger of his
right hand tendered useless by a wound, has a down cast aspect, a large scar
on one of his knees from a burn, has worked at the carpenter' s and cooper' s
trades, but more accustomed
to work on board vessels, and has much the air
of a sailor; had on when he went away, a new pair of buckskin breeches, and
good shoes and stockings. Whoever will apprehend the said slave, and convey
him to me, or to Mr. William Attason, merchant in Falmouth, shall receive
THREE PISTOLES reward, and if taken out of this colony, FIVE PISTOLES. As
I have reason to suspect that he will endeavor to get on board a vessel, in
order to make his escape,
I forewarn
all masters
and commanders
of vessels
from taking him on board. THOMAS BRYAN MARTIN."
Virginia Gazette ( R) July 18, 1771, p. 4, col. 2.
1771,
July
18
Richmond County, Va.
Tony
carpenter
Toney making a Pierhead bridge over the dam next the pea patch, the earth
so
constantly washing away
by
the
waters
being
damned
up
above
it."
�Jack
P. Greene,
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter I: 596.
see above January 23 and 31, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 28 and 31,
1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770, September 8 and 11, 1770,
October 9, November 10 and 15, 1770, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771 and below July
29, 31 and August 9, 1771, September 30, 1772, September 16, 1773, Mary 26,
1774, July 27, 1774)
1771,
July
Fairfax County, Va.
29
Three Carpenters belonging to the Estate of Colo. Steptoe [ of Hominy Hall,
Westmoreland
pr. Month -
County] ( hired of Jas. Hardige Lane [ of Loudoun County] at £7
came to work here [ apparently on a house for Washington' s
miller]."
Jackson
and
Twohig,
1771,
July 29,
Tony et al.
eds.,
The Diaries of George Washington III: 44.
31 and August 9
Richmond County, Va.
carpenters
The Carpenters tomorrow will have corn planted now, filling up my Fork 90
foot house. They then come to my sheep shed behind my stables to rais[ e] that
higher that it may not be wet as last winter which killed all my sheep. Then to
new frame and remove my Oat house roof."
Toney making me a cradle to whip Wheat on. Guy and Jammy raising the
sills of my sheep shed to fill up with sand to keep my sheep drye this winter,
for it was the dampness of that which rotted them last year."
Guy not done repairing my sheep house. Robin Carter' s stable, my own, my
Cowhouse, and Cart horse stable to do then Mangorike tobacco house shed to
new Sill and to thatch, for covering rots and slabbing will not do. And my
own tobacco house to that to. Besides this my Prize house to be enlarged and a
new Cornhouse to be built at Mangorike. If not another Warehouse to be set
up at my landing."
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter II: 600, 602, 608.
see above February 3, March 3 and April 26, 1764, May 4, 1766, January 23
and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 16,
Jack
P. Greene, ed.,
1770, March 28 and 31, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770,
September 8 and 11, 1770, October 9, November 10 and 15, 1770, November 24,
1770 and January 17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771, July 29, 31
and August 9, 1771, February 3, 1772, September 30, 1772, September 16, 1773,
May
26, 1774,
July
27,
1774))
�1771,
August 8
Essex County, Va.
Lyhe
carpenter
ED
COMMUTED to Essex county
gaol [ jail], a Negro man who calls himself
LYHE; he has passed several years in this neighbourhood as a free man, and
understands the carpenter' s business. Since he was apprehended he says he
belongs to one Moses Allman, of Isle of Wight county. The owner may have
him, on paying charges of imprisonment, and what the law allows. RICHARD
BANKS."
Virginia Gazette ( R) August 8, 1771, p. 3, col. 1.
1771,
September
Edward
1
Mecklenburg County, Va.
Wilson
carpenter,joiner
MECKLENBURG, September 1, 1771. RUN away from the Subscriber, this
Day, an Apprentice Lad named EDWARD WILSON, a clear Mulatto, a
Carpenter and Joiner by Trade. He is about eighteen Years of Age, about five
Feet seven Inches high, has long black Hair, tied behind, much inclined to curl,
has a Scar on the Top of his right Foot, which he got by the Stroke of an Adze,
and as he walks his Ancle cracks remarkably. He had on when he went away
a short Bath Coating Coat, a Sky blue Duroy Waistcoat, and Osnabrug
Breeches; and he carried with him two Check, two brown Sheeting, and one
white Shirt, also a Pair of Check and a Pair of Osnabrug Trousers, with a
brown Holland Waistcoat. Whoever delivers the said Apprentice to me, within
two Miles of Mr. Lewis Parham' s Store, shall have FORTY SHILLINGS
Reward, besides what the Law allows. PHILIP MALLORY. He is supposed to
be gone towards Hampton."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) September 5, 1771, p. 3, col. 2.
1771,
September
12
Caroline County, Va.
James
carpenter;
blacksmith
RUN away from the Subscriber, living in Carolina County, near Chesterfield,
the 27th of August last, a short well made, MULATTO FELLOW named James,
about twenty four Years old, has long black Hair remarkable for curling, which
he generally keeps nicely combed. He understands something of the
Carpenters and Blacksmiths Trades, and I expect he will endeavour to pass for
a Freeman, as he is a cunning artful Fellow. Whoever will bring him, or secure
him in any of his
Majesty'
s
Jails,
so
that
I
get
him
again,
shall have FORTY
�SHILLINGS Reward, and FIVE POUNDS if taken out of the Colony, more than
what the Law allows. RICHARD W. CHANDLER. I suppose he is lurking
about Hobb' s Hole, or made off for Carolina."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) September 12, 1771, p. 3, col. 3.
1771,
December
26
Hanover County, Va.
Phill
carpenter;
cooper
RUN away from the Poor House belonging to St. Paul' s and St. Martin' s
Parishes, Hanover County, in November 1770, an outlawed Negro named
PHILL, about five and thirty years of Age, middle sized, of a yellow
Complexion, an artful, smooth, talkative Fellow, and probably may endeavour
to pass for a Freeman. He has worked some Time at the Carpenter' s and
Cooper' s Trades, but knows very little of either. He formerly belonged to the
late Speaker ( Robinson) of King and Queen. When he went away he had on
the usual Negro Dress, and stole sundry other Clothes. Whoever delivers him
to me shall have FIVE POUNDS Reward, if he is taken in the Colony, and
EIGHT POUNDS
if out thereof. --
Masters of Vessels and others are hereby
forewarned from carrying him out of the Country. JOHN LAWRENCE."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) December 26, 1771, p. 3, col. 2.
1772,
February
Richmond County, Va.
3
Guy
carpenter
Guy was found dead in the snow, returning from visiting his wife at another
plantation: " He was a good workman but not an honest one and the last Job of
his work shews this, for his single covering to my adjoining building though
not more than a week done is as leaky as a riddle, and so all his late work is."
Jack
P. Greene, ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter II: 648.
see above January 23 and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 16,
1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, September 8 and 11, 1770, October 9,
November 10 and 15, 1770, November 24, 1770 and January 17, 1771, June 2,
14 and 29, 1771, July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771 and below September 16, 1773,
May 26, 1774, July 27, 1774)
1772,
June
11
George and Stepney
carpenters
Williamsburg, Va.
�WILLIAMSBURG, June 11, 1772. RUN away last Night, two Negro Lads
named GEORGE and STEPNEY, about eighteen years of Age, the Property of
Mr. William Digges, Junior, of York Town, but Apprentices to me from the
said Digges for seven Years. I have reason to suspect that Mr. Digges, under
Pretence of their Time being expired ( which I am ready to dispute to the
contrary) sent a Negro in the Night Time to inveigle them away. I hereby
forewarn Mr. Digges, or any Person whatever, from harbouring or entertaining
them, as they shall answer it at their Peril. Whoever delivers them to me shall
have THIRTY SHILLINGS Reward. MATTHEW TUELL."
Virginia
Gazette ( PD)
1772, September
June
11, 1772, p. 3, col. 2.
Matthew Tuell was a carpenter.
Essex County, Va.
3
Luke, alias Jack
carpenter;
waterman
TEN POUNDS REWARD. RUN away, on the 18th of August, from the
Subscriber,
in Essex, near Hobb' s Hole, a Negro
Man named
LUKE,
alias
JACK, about twenty five Years old, five Feet six or eight Inches high, had on,
when he went away, a Pair of old blue Cloth Breeches, Osnabrug Shirt, and a
short Cotton Vest, and carried with him a green Cloth Vest, a Pair of Russia
Drill and a Pair of Nankin Breeches, a white Linen Shirt, and two Pair of Yarn
Hose. He is a likely, well set Fellow, remarkably bowlegged, of a very black
Complexion, has very white Teeth, and I believe one of his fore Teeth is out;
he has some Scars on one or both of his Buttocks, which he got when a Lad.
This Fellow formerly belonged to Mr. Lewis Allman, of Isle of Wight, from
whom he ran away when he was a. Lad, and passed as a Freeman in this
Neighbourhood for seven or eight Years, until he was condemned by Essex
Court for Felony, when he confessed he had a Master, and was reprieved by
the Subscriber. He was bred a Carpenter, but during the Time of his
Elopement went several Years by Water. He may attempt to change his Name
again, and pass as a Freeman, or transport himself out of the Colony; all
Masters of Vessels are hereby forbid to carry him off, at their Peril. I will give
the above Reward to any Person who will deliver the said Slave to me, or
FIVE POUNDS to secure him in any Jail, and give Notice thereof. JOHN
EDMONDSON, Junior."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) September 3, 1772, p. 3, col. 1.
1772,
September 30
Richmond County, Va.
Tony
carpenter
I
must
set
Toney
tomorrow
to
thatching
my
tobacco
houses, both here and at
�the Fork."
Jack P. Greene, ed., The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter II: 735.
see above January 23 and 31, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 28 and 31,
1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770, September 8 and 11, 1770,
October 9, November 10 and 15, 1770, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771,
July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771 and below September 16, 1773, May 26, 1774,
July 27, 1774)
1772, November 15
Northumberland County, Va.
David
axman; waiting man, driver and hostler, gardener, hairdresser, agricultural
worker
TEN POUNDS REWARD. RUN away from the Subscriber, in
Northumberland, on Wednesday the 14th of October, a very likely young
Virginia born Negro Man named DAVID, of a yellowish Complexion, and
about five Feet five Inches high; had on when he went off an Osnabrug Shirt, a
Pair of Purple
Virginia
Cloth
Breeches
lined with white Linen, a Pair of Rolls
Breeches over them, and a Fearnought Jacket with Horn Buttons. He carried
with him a brown coloured Kersey Jacket, a blue and white Virginia Cloth One
with coarse Osnabrug Pockets, brown and white Linen Shirts, and sundry
other Clothes which I cannot well describe; but, as he is a very cunning artful
Fellow, I imagine he will sell and swap his Clothes as may suit him. Though
his Hair is of the Negro Kind, he keeps it very high and well combed; but, as
he wants to be free, I imagine he will cut it off, and get a Wig to alter and
disguise himself. He had with him thirty or forty Shillings in Silver Money,
and a brass Medal with the Image of our present King and Queen on it, which
he will endeavour to pass for Gold. He can read pretty well, and I make no
Doubt will endeavour to pass for a Freeman and get himself a forged Pass,
and endeavour for some foreign Part, either by getting on Board of some
Vessel or stealing some Gentleman' s Horse and make for Carolina. He has
always been my Waiting Man when I went from home, and is a good Waiter,
Driver, and Hostler, understands something of Gardening, of combing and
dressing Wigs and Hair, can plough, work at the Hoe and Axe very well, and
is, on the Whole, a very clever active brisk Fellow. Whoever will apprehend
the said Runaway, and bring him home to me, or secure him in any Jail in the
Colony, so that I get him, shall have FIVE POUNDS Reward, and reasonable
Charges for bringing him home. THOMAS GASKINS.
N. B. He is suspected to have carried with him a Drab coloured Sailor' s Jacket
with Slash Sleeves, Leather Buttons on the Sleeves, if not on the Breast, and
lined through with red and white Swanskin; also a Pair of old white Plush
Breeches, which are missing."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) November
15,
1772,
p. 3, col. 3.
�1773,
January
King George County, Va.
28
Will
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber, in King George, on Wednesday the 30th of
December, a Virginia born Negro fellow named WILL, about 40 years of age, is
very tall and slender, has a long visage, very talkative, and is by trade a
carpenter; had on an oznabrig shirt, a Negro cotton coat and breeches of a
green colour, a spotted jacket of the same, and a pair of white Virginia knit
stockings. I will give THREE POUNDS to any person who will deliver the said
him in any
gaol [ jail], and give
notice thereof. I do strictly forewarn all masters of vessels from carrying him
out of the colony. JOHN TALIAFERRO."
slave to me,
and FORTY
SHILLINGS
to
secure
Virginia Gazette ( R) January 28, 1773, p. 3, col. 3.
see also Virginia Gazette ( PD) April 29, 1773, p. 3, col. 1.)
1773,
The
July
Chesapeake
There are negroes here of all trades; they are very true and come to be very
tradesmen -- the plenty of them that their masters let out to work and of
which people makes the wages not very high."
good
Letter of Samuel Graham, Liber 26: 68- 9, Chancery Records ( MdHR).
1773,
September- October
September 27 - "
at the Mill &
September
wall
on
Westmoreland County, Va.
5 Negros Erecting a Stone Wall on the West Side of the Waste
c - "
28 - "
5 Negros Mending the road to the Mill and Erecting a Stone
the west side of the Waste & c - "
September
29 - " 5 Negros
September
30 - "
together &
Side of Waste &
fixt, 4 Negros
Building
a
Stone wall
on
the West
c -
The new Cog Wheel Carried to the Mill in Order to be put
Attending on George Robinson & c - "
Robinson here at Work & 4 Negros attending him &
October
1-"
October
4 - " 4 Negros
George
Building
a
Stone Wall
on
c - "
the West Side of the Waste & c.-
�October 5 - " 5 Negros
Building
Stone Walls at
Waste &
7 - " 6 Negros at work att the Waste &
front & East Corner of the
c - "
October
the
finished the Same - "
Nomini Hall Waste Book [ Day Book] 1773- 1783 ( W& M).
1773, September
Richmond County, Va.
16
All my Carpenters are obliged to be getting tobacco sticks at the Fork
quarter] and here; so many of them are destroyed every year by the people."
Jack
P. Greene,
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter II: 772.
see above February 3, March 3 and April 26, 1764, May 4, 1766, January 23
and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 16,
1770, March 28 and 31, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770,
September 8 and 11, 1770, October 9, November 10 and 15, 1770, November 24,
1770 and January 17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771, July 29, 31
and August 9, 1771, February 3, 1772, September 30, 1772 and below May 26,
1774, July 27, 1774)
Fairfax County, Va.
1773, September 22
Jack, Peter, Shear
joiners; carpenter
Inventory and appraisement of the estate of Daniel French at his Quarter on
Pohick Run at the new church that is building at Pohick and in the town of
Colchester
county ... 26 negroes besides one child ... [ including]
100 Do Peter £ 100 ... Carpenter Shear £ 70 ... [ total appraised value
in Fairfax
Joiner Jack £
1525. 10. 6; total for
entire estate,
home house and four quarters, £ 6693. 19. 10]."
Fairfax County Will Book 1767- 1776: 168- 175.
1773,
Westmoreland County, Va.
October 16
Billy
carpenter (?)
700, 10d. Nails delivered to Negro Billy for his house"
Nomini
Hall Waste Book [
Day
Book]
1773- 1783 ( W& M).
�1773, November
30
Westmoreland County, Va.
Talbard
carpenter
2 M 10d Nails Deliverd to Talbard, Carpenter for the use of the Barn at Coles
point"
Nomini Hall Waste Book [ Day Book] 1773-1783 ( W&M).
1773, December
Williamsburg, Va.
23
To be SOLD, or HIRED, A VERY good Negro CARPENTER. For Terms apply
to THOMAS
EVERARD."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) 23 December 1773, p. 2, col. 3.
Albemarle County, Va.
1774- 1826
for Laborers...
Houses
work of Bagwell['
together.
slabs &
floors &
s -
a
Davy &
slave]
Lewis & Abram have done the carpenter' s
house in 6 days getting
the stuff &
putting it
the Outfield granary took 24. days work to get the logs, rafters &
put
them
up completely. it may be valued
then @ 48/
exclusive
of
doors."
Edwin Morris Betts, ed. Thomas Jefferson' s Farm Book, p. 67.
see below January 14, 1774)
1774,
January
8
King William County, Va.
Matt
carpenter
KING WILLIAM, January 8, 1774. RUN away, in July last, MATT, a tall slim
Negro Man, by Trade a Carpenter, and about forty years old; he walks badly,
having been Frost- bit in Prison some Years ago, by which he lost one of his
great Toes, and the Print of the Irons he then had on may be seen plainly on
his Legs. Whoever delivers him to me shall receive 3 1. if taken within twenty
Miles of my House, and 5 1. if at a greater Distance. NATHANIEL BURWELL."
Virginia Gazette ( PD)
January
13, 1774,
p. 3, col. 3.
�1774,
Albemarle County, Va.
14
January
Sanco and Abram
carpenters
A Roll of the Slaves of John Wayles which were allotted to T.J. on right of his
division
of
14. 1774."
8 " tradesmen,"
including the
carpenters Sanco at Elkhill and Abram at Guinea, plus two smiths, three
wife
on a
watermen
the estate
Jan.
and a shoemaker.
Edwin Morris Betts, ed. Thomas Jefferson' s Farm Book, p. 7.
see above 1774- 1826)
1774, March
Cumberland County, Va.
17
Sancho
carpenter;
cooper
RUN away from the subscriber, in Cumberland county, on the 26th of
February, a Mulatto man slave named SANCHO, appears to be about 40 years
old, stoops a good deal, and is by trade a carpenter and cooper; had on, when
he went away, the usual cloathing of Negroes, and carried with him a
broadcloth coat, mixed with something of a violet colour, a blue duffil coat
and blanket, a large knife, made in the shape of a butcher' s, the blade of which
is broad, and about 15 inches long. Absconded with him a white servant
woman named ELIZABETH BEAVER, about 20 years old, of a fresh
complexion, low, but thick, her hair, being cut in a very uncommon manner, is
short, but long about her temples. She went off without either hat or bonnet;
but I imagine she now wears a man' s hat, as the fellow carried with him two
of that sort She took with her one yarn, one cotton, and one linen striped
holland gown, a very good blue calimanco quilt, and many other things. I
expect they will change their names, and endeavour to pass for husband and
wife, as free people. Whoever will bring the said runaways to me shall receive
SIX POUNDS, if taken in Virginia, and TEN POUNDS, if out of it, besides
what the law allows. I forewarn all persons from carrying them out of the
colony. The fellow is outlawed. JOSEPH CALLAND."
Virginia Gazette ( R) March 17, 1774, p. 3, col. 1.
1774,
March 28
Charles City County, Va.
Nick
millwright
BERKLEY, CHARLES CITY, March 28, 1774. RUN away from the Subscriber,
the 22d Instant, a Mulatto Fellow named NICK, by Trade a Milwright, about
five Feet two
or three
Inches
high, has
a remarkable
Scar through his left
�Eyebrow, is very well set, and shows his Teeth much when he speaks, which
he does very fluently. He is well acquainted with many Parts of the Country,
and may endeavour to pass for a Freeman. All Masters of Vessels are
forewarned from taking him out of the Country, and whoever brings him to
me shall have 3 1. Reward. BENJAMIN HARRISON, Junior."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) April 7, 1774, p. 3, col. 2.
see above October 18, 1770 and below January 9, 1775)
1774,
April 15
Richmond County, Va.
Billey
founder,
Neabsco
stone mason;
Furnace,
miller
Virginia,
April 15, 1774.
RUN away from the Neabsco Furnace, on the 16th March last, a light coloured
Mulattoe man, named BILLEY, the property of the honourable JOHN
TAYLOE, Esq; when I tell the public he is the same boy who for many years
waited on me in my travels through this and the neighbouring provinces ( and
by his pertness, or rather impudence, was well known to almost all my
acquaintances) there is the less occasion for a particular description of him;
however, as he is now grown to the size of a man, and has not attended me
for some years past, I think it not amiss to say he is a very likely young fellow,
about 20 years old, about 5 feet 9 inches high, stout and strong made, has a
remarkable swing in his walk, but is much more so by a knack he has of
gaining the good graces of almost every body, who will listen to his
bewitching and deceitful tongue, which seldom or ever speaks the truth; he
has a small scar on the right side of his forehead, and the little finger on his
right hand quite straight, by a hurt he got when a child; had on, when he went
away, a blue fearnaught and an under jacket of green baize, light coloured
cloth breeches, with silver basket buttons, a pair of cotton ditto, ozenbrigs
shirts, a mixed blue pair of yarn hose, country made shoes, and yellow
buckles. --From his ingenuity he is capable of doing almost any kind of
business, and for some years past has been chiefly employed as a founder,
stone mason and miller, as occasion
required; one of which trades, in the
character of a freeman, I imagine he will profess. Whoever apprehends the
said fellow, and delivers him to me, or his master at Mount-airy, or secures
him so as to be had again, shall have double the reward allowed by law, and
all reasonable charges, if brought home. THOMAS LAWSON."
Pennsylvania Gazette April 27, 1774, p. 4, col. 2.
see also Virginia Gazette ( R) April 14, 1774, p. 3, col. 2 and ( PD) p. 3, col. 2 called Billy or Will)
�1774,
May
26
Richmond County, Va.
As to the Carpenters, there are too many together to work much. They have
made a cart, and were [ flooding in the new hen house."
P. Greene,
Jack
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter II: 816.
see above February 3, March 3 and April 26, 1764, May 4, 1766, January 23
and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 16,
1770, March 28 and 31, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770,
September
8 and 11, 1770, October 9, November
10 and 15, 1770, November
24,
1770 and January 17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771, July 29, 31
and August 9, 1771, February 3, 1772, September 30, 1772, September 16, 1773
and below July 27, 1774)
1774,
June
Chesterfield County, Va.
16
Peter Brown
carpenter,
painter
RUN away from the subscriber, about the 20th of April last, a mulatto fellow
named Peter Brown, a painter by trade, but can do carpenter' s work; he is 35
or 40 years of age, of a dark complexion, five feet eight or nine inches high,
slim made, and has a thin visage, has lost several of his upper foreteeth, is
fond of singing, and can sing well. The said fellow has several suits of clothes,
therefore I cannot describe his dress. He was some years past tried for a
robbery, but obtained the governor' s pardon on suffering one year' s
imprisonment; after that he was sold to Mr. John Fox, of Gloucester, with
whom he lived one or two years; he. then run away, and passed for a free man
in the counties of King William, Caroline, and Hanover, where he was taken
up and brought home. As he has a wife at Mr. Benjamin Hubbard' s, it is likely
he may be lurking in that neighborouhood, and as he was raised in Petersburg,
it is very probable he may be in those parts. Whoever will take up the said
runaway, and deliver him to me, at Osborne' s, shall receive FORTY
SHILLINGS reward. PETERFIELD TRENT. * All persons are forbid harbouring
or carrying him out of the colony."
Virginia Gazette ( R) June 16, 1774, p. 3, col. 2.
1774,
July
Richmond County, Va.
27
I ordered my Carpenters to get some Planks ready to make him [ Jack
Lubbar, a slave] a Coffin...."
Jack
see
P. Greene,
above
ed.,
February
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter II: 841.
3, March 3 and April 26, 1764,
May
4, 1766,
January
23
�and 31, 1770, February 17 and March 1, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 16,
1770, March 28 and 31, 1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770,
September 8 and 11, 1770, October 9, November 10 and 15, 1770, November 24,
1770 and January 17, 1771, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771, July 29, 31
and August 9, 1771, February 3, 1772, September 30, 1772, September 16, 1773,
May 26, 1774)
Charles City County, Va.
September 13
1774,
Peter
bricklayer, house carpenter, plasterer, whitewasher;
cooper, gardener
CHARLES CITY, September 13, 1774. RUN away from the Subscriber, about
the first of August last, a Negro Man named PETER, by Trade a good HouseCarpenter, Cooper, Bricklayer, Plaisterer and Whitewasher, and Gardener,
about five Feet five or six inches high, rather of a yellowish Complexion, and a
little pitted with the Smallpox; has Clothing as usual for Crop Negroes, except
a Cotton Coat instead of a Waistcoat,
which is dyed of a drak brown Colour.
He formerly belonged to Mr. Willis of Gloucester, and by him given to Mrs.
Kennon of this County. He worked some Time at Kennon' s Mine in
Buckingham,
and has lived on the Eastern Shore; and I am of Opinion he is
lurking in one of those Neighbourhoods, or endeavouring to get to Mr.
Kennon' s in North Carolina, where he may be harboured by his Negroes. I
will give 30 s. to any Person who will deliver him to me, if taken in Charles
City, 40 s. if in any other County, and if out of the Province 5 1. and I hereby
forewarn all Masters of Vessels and others from harbouring or carrying him
out of the Colony. JOHN WEST."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) September 15, 1774, p. 3, col. 2.
1774,
December
Goochland County, Va.
1
Tom
sawyer
RUN away from the Subscriber' s Plantation in Manakin Town, the last of July
or first of August last, a black Negro Man named TOM, formerly the Property
of Major Henry Gaines of King William, but since the said Gaines' s Death has
been sold several Times, and is now my Property. He was bred by Major
Gaines to keeping Horses and riding Races, but is now a good Sawyer. He is
not tall, knock- kneed, full Eyes, and I believe a Speck in one of them, caused
by a Chip as he was cutting with an Axe. He values himself for his fine
Dancing, is subject to Liquor, and fond of talking about Religion. If he is taken
in the Colony, and brought to me, near the old Courthouse, in Albemarle
County,
or
my Overseer,
James
Scoot, at Manakin
Town,
I will give 3 1.,
and if
�out of the Colony 10 1. JOHN SCOTT."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) December 1, 1774, p. 3, col. 1.
1775,
January
Amelia County, Va.
7
Dick
carpenter
RUN away from the Subscriber, about the 10th of May last, a light Mulatto
Fellow named DICK, about 19 or 20 Years old, 5 Feet 6 or 7 Inches high, has
dark Eyes, a bushy Head of dark Hair, a Scar on his upper lip, and a down
Look. He was taken up in Norfolk last October or November and brought up
James River as high as Mrs. Cocke' s by Charles City, but made his Escape, and
is supposed to be returned to Norfolk, or Portsmouth, as he was employed
there by several different Persons as a Freeman. He was formerly the Property
of Dr. Strachan of King William, and understands something of the Carpenter' s
Trade. I will give 40 s. Reward for having him committed to any of his
Majesty' s Jails, if taken in the Colony of Virginia, and 5 1. if out of the Colony.
All Masters of Vessels are hereby forewarned from carrying him out of the
Country,
or
employing him.
ANTHONY
LAMB."
Virginia Gazette ( D) January 14, 1775, p. 3, col. 3.
1775,
January
Charles City County, Va.
9
Nick
millwright
BERKLEY ( Charles City) January 9, 1775. RAN away from the Subscriber, the
8th Instant, a clear Mulatto Fellow named NICK, by Trade a Mill- wright, is
about 25 Years of Age, about 5 Feet 5 Inches high, well set, speaks and walks
very quick, has a Scar over one of his Eyes, and his Fingers much marked, by
being often cut. He generally wears Leather Breeches, and a gray Great Coat,
but has a Variety of Clothes. Some little Time since he was whipped, and has
many fresh Marks on his Back. Whoever brings him to me shall have 3 1.
Reward,
or
40
s.
for securing him in any Gaol [
jail], so that I may get him
again. He is so very artful that he will escape from any One who is not
extremely careful. He ran away some Time ago, and hired himself as a
Freeman
at a Saw Mill, either in Isle or Wight or Nansemond,
supposed may take the same Route. BENJAMIN HARRISON."
Virginia Gazette ( D) January 14, 1775, p. 3, col. 2.
see above
October 16, 1770 and March 28, 1774)
and it is
�1775,
June
1
Spotsylvania County, Va.
George
stone and woodworker
RUN away from the subscriber, in Spotsylvania, the 20th of May, a convict
servant man, named GEORGE NEWTON,
a farmer, born in Yorkshire,
and
imported in the Justitia this spring, a stout man, about 6 feet high, much
freckled, has a very red beard, and walks clumsily. I am informed he has a
scar on the fore part of his head, and some scars on his left arm, which he says
was occasioned by shot. He has been in some office about the customhouse in
London. He took with him two osnabrig shirts, almost new, one of them died
of a purple colour, pair of osnabrig trowsers, rather too small for him, a felt
hat, bound, a pair of old country shoes, a jacket without sleeves, much worn, a
Dutch blanket, a white linen shirt, a stock, and brass stock buckle, a pair of
new worsted hose, mixed brown and white, and one pair of white yarn
stockings. I suspect he has other clothes with him. He also took away with him
a negro man, named GEORGE,
about 5 feet 3 inches high, well made, and
understands working in stone and wood; his fore teeth in the upper jaw is a
good deal worn; the finger next to his little finger, on his left hand, is stiff in
the first joint, occasioned by a cut, and when the others are shut, stands out;
he has lost part of a toe, and, as well as I remember, it is the toe next his great
toe, and on the left foot. He took with him some osnabrig shirts, a kersey
jacket, with yellow metal buttons, a pair of white yarn stockings, a blanket, a
pair of country made shoes, with some other clothes. They say they intend
getting on board some ship, but I suspect they will endeavour getting on
board the man of war. All masters of vessels, or other persons, are forwarned
from harbouring or taking them on board. I will give FIVE POUNDS reward
for both, or THREE POUNDS for Newton, and FORTY SHILLINGS for George,
besides what the law allows, if conveyed to me, near Fredericksburg, or
FORTY SHILLINGS each if secured in any gaol [ jail], so that I get them again.
If they are not well secured they will make their escapes, being both cunning,
artful fellows. JAMES TUTT. N.B. I suspect a negro man, named Tim,
belonging to the honourable John Tayloe, is gone off with them."
Virginia Gazette ( Pi) June 1, 1775, p. 4, col. 1.
see
also
Virginia Gazette
or
Norfolk Intelligencer June
21,
1775, p. 4 - slightly
different text, including description of George as understanding " quarrying
stone, walling, something of the carpenters business, and is a good sawyer")
1775, October
20
Northumberland
County, Va.
Ben
carpenter, sawyer
NORTHUMBERLAND,
negro
man
named
October 20, 1775. RUN AWAY from the subscriber, a
middle sized, has a
BEN, about 25 years old, is very black,
�scar over one of his eyes, occasioned by a burn when young, and had on when
he went away (which is about three months ago) such clothes as negroes
commonly wear in summer. He is a pretty good sawer, and can do a little at
the carpenters work. I will give 5 1. reward to any person who will deliver him
to me, if taken in Virginia, if in Maryland or Carolina, 10 1. I suspect some
person has forged
a
pass for him,
that he
may travel
as a
freeman.
JOHN
GORDON."
Virginia Gazette ( P) November 10, 1775, p. 4, col. 2.
see also ( D) November 11, 1775, p. 3, col. 2)
Prince George County, Va.
1775, December 23
Harry
carpenter, glazier, painter; wheelwright
FOURTEEN POUNDS REWARD. RUN away from the subscriber, the 26th of
November last, 4 negro men, viz. HARRY, Virginia born, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches
high, 30 years of age, a dark mulatto, with long bushy hair; he is of the Indian
breed, straight and well made, dresses neat, and has a variety of clothes with
him, amongst others, a blue fearnought great coat. He has worked several
years at the carpenter' s and wheelwright's trade, and can glaize and paint.
LEWIS, an outlandish, short, thick fellow, remarkably bow-legged, an excellent
wheelwright and waggon maker, and a very good blacksmith. He carried with
him, amongst other clothes, a blue hat. AARON, a likely Virginia born fellow,
of the middle size, stoops a little, has a hoarse voice, and had on the usual
clotheing of negroes. MATTHEW, a Virginia born, dark mulatto, 18 years of
age, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, stammers a little, and speaks quick, when
surprized, and is close- kneed. These 4 went off in a yawl with two others, who
have been since committed to the public gaol [ jail]. As one of them was taken
in the yawl without the cape, I conclude the other 4 are in lord Dunmore' s
service. I will give FIVE POUNDS each for securing the two first, and FORTY
SHILLINGS each for the other two, besides what the law allows. They are all
outlawed.
EDMUND
RUFFIN.
PRINCE
GEORGE,
December
23, 1775."
Virginia Gazette ( Pi) January 6, 1776, p. 3, col. 2.
1776,
January
Williamsburg, Va.
5
To be HIRED, A NEGRO CARPENTER,
apprenticeship
to
a
good
Virginia Gazette ( P) 5
workman.
January
who has served a regular
B. WELDON."
1776, supplement,
p. 2, col. 3.
�1776, March 22
Virginia
WHOEVER has one or two NEGRO CARPENTERS to dispose of may hear of
a purchaser by applying to the PRINTER."
Virginia Gazette ( P) 22 March 1776, p. 3, col. 2.
1776, April 12
Chesterfield
Co., Va.
Will
carpenter
COMMII' 1' ED to the publick jail in Williamsburg, a runaway negro man
named WILL, who says he belongs to Richard Batte in Chesterfield county. He
is 6 feet high, of a yellowish complexion, about 30 years old, and has worked
at the carpenter' s trade. His owner is desired to apply for him, and pay
charges. PETER PELHAM."
Virginia Gazette ( P) April 12, 1776, p. 3, col. 2.
1776,
June 6
Ben, alias John Savage
carpenter;
Amherst County, Va.
shoemaker
AMHERST,
June
6,
1776.
RUN from the Subscriber, the 15th of last Month, a
remarkably strong well made Negro Fellow named BEN, formerly the Property
of Mr. John Nicholas of Buckingham, 5 Feet 8 or 9 Inches high, 30 Years old,
with thick Legs, a surly Countenance, hoarse Voice, and works at the
Carpenter' s and Shoemaker' s Trades. He passed last Fall, at Fredericksburg, for
a free Man, by the Name of John Savage, and has an Indian Woman for his
Wife who some Time ago lived in Goochland. It is probable they are together,
as she sold off, and moved from her late Dwelling Place in Albemarle, a few
Days before the Fellow ran away. Any Person that will deliver the above Slave
to Mr. John Nicholas in Buckingham, or the Subscriber in Amherst, shall
receive THREE
POUNDS Reward, and what the Law
allows.
PATRICK
ROSE."
Virginia Gazette ( D) August 3, 1776, p. 3, col. 1.
1777,
January
10
WILLIAMSBURG,
Williamsburg, Va.
Jan.
8, 1777.
WANTED immediately, three or four SHOP
JOINERS, also ten or twelve NEGRO CARPENTERS for six or seven months,
for which a good price will be given by FRANCIS JARAM. N. B. Any person
�who has WHITE OAK TREES to dispose of, near this city, may apply as
above."
Virginia
Gazette ( P) 10
January
1777, p. 4, col. 2.
Francis Jaram was a
joiner. ( see below March 21, 1777, April 25, 11/ 1 and July 25, 1777)
carpenter-
March 1
1777,
Hanover County, Va.
Will
carpenter
HANOVER, March 1, 1777. RUN away from the Subscriber on the 3d of
February, at Night, WILL, a Negro Man, by Trade a Carpenter, of a yellow
Complexion,
middle Stature, well set, flat nosed, and has lost one of his upper
fore Teeth; had on when he went away white Virginia Jacket and Breeches,
Country made Linen Shirt, striped Virginia Cloth Wrappers, common Negro
Shoes, old Beaver Hat, with a small Brim, and carried with him a Dutch
Blanket almost new, a Pair of old black Lasting Breeches, and a Shirt of the
same Linen of the one he had on. I expect he is either lurking about Mr.
Braxton Bird' s in King and Queen, of whom I purchased him, or Mr. Corbin' s
in Middlesex, where his Mother lives. He is a cunning sensible Fellow, well
acquainted in many Parts of the Country, and is very capable of telling a
plausible Story. I will give 5 1. Reward to any Person who will secure the said
Slave, so that I get him again, and reasonable Expenses if brought Home.
DANIEL TRUEHEART."
Virginia Gazette ( D) March 21, 1777, p. 3, col. 1.
see below February 24, 1781)
March 21
1777,
Williamsburg, Va.
WILLIAMSBURG,
March 1777.
WANTED immediately, four or five good
HOUSE CARPENTERS, also five or six NEGRO CARPENTERS, for which a
good
Price will be given
by applying
Virginia Gazette ( D) 21 March
to
me.
FRANCIS JARAM."
1777, p. 1, col. 2.
Francis Jaram was a carpenter-
joiner.
also
1777;
in Virginia Gazette ( P) March 21, 1777, suppl.,
see
above
January
p. 2, col. 3, dated March 20,
July 25, 1777)
10, 1777 and below April 25, 1777 and
�April 10
1777,
Richmond County, Va.
Tony
carpenter
Discovering my Sills to my posts in my communication Passage to my
Kitching, though of oak, to be rotten and loose, and the posts of sweet Gum to
sound, yet much cut to Pieces by these Knife triflers, I resolved to repair them
intirely. [ illegible] turning got a quantity new frame. I find my plate upon
those Posts, though of Gum, to be rotten; it takes much time and trouble to
take those rotten posts out from post to Post. But it must be done and with
Poor Toney has a good Carpenter' s genius, but no
contrivance. How Puzzled yesterday was he and took all day to put up only 3
care
great
of his
new
too ...
posts in
the
passage
to the Kitchin?
I was obliged to turn out old as
I am."
Jack
P. Greene,
ed.,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter II: 1090.
see above January 23 and 31, 1770, March 12 and 15, 1770, March 28 and 31,
1770, April 21 and May 22, 1770, August 16, 1770, September 8 and 11, 1770,
October 9, November 10 and 15, 1770, June 2, 14 and 29, 1771, July 18, 1771,
July 29, 31 and August 9, 1771, September 30, 1772, September 16, 1773, May
26, 1774, July 27, 1774)
April 25
1777,
Williamsburg, Va.
Harry
carpenter;
cooper
RUN away from the subscriber in Williamsburg, about 8 or 10 weeks ago, a
negro fellow named Harry, by trade a cooper and carpenter, and when at a
bench he works on the wrong side. I purchased him at the estate of doctor
Andrew Anderson, deceased, in New Kent county; and mr. Anderson
purchased him of the estate of the late mr. Shermer of James City, where I
believe he is now lurking, otherwise in King William at or near one of the
plantations of the said mr. Shermer. I will give 40 s. to any person who secures
the above slave, so as I get him again, or 3 1. if delivered to me in
Williamsburg.
FRANCIS JARAM."
Virginia Gazette ( D) April 25, 1777, p. 2. col. 2.
Francis Jaram was a carpenter-
joiner.
see above January 10, 1777 and March 21, 1777 and below July 25, 1777)
1777,
April 30
County, Va.
Abraham,
sawyer;
alias Will
planter
Louisa
�LOUISA County, April 30, 1777. STOLEN, some Time in November 1775, a
Negro Man named ABRAHAM,
Virginia born, about 28 or 29 Years old, 5 feet
10 or 11 Inches high; he is a black Negro, with large Calves to his Legs, his
upper fore Teeth incline out rather more than common, and has an
Impediment, or Stammering in his Speech when he speaks hastily; he is a well
proportioned Fellow, and can saw very well, but was brought up chiefly to the
Planter' s Business. I am informed he was stolen by one Joseph Cook of
Pittsylvania County, who, to prevent his Owner' s getting or hearing of him,
conveyed him out to Watauga, within 6 or 7 Miles of the Great Island on
Holstein River, and, through a Blind, put him under one Thomas Shoat, an
Inhabitant of that place, where I went in Pursuit of him, and understood by
the said Shoat that it was the same Negro that I described to him, but was
brought there by the said Cook, and put under him to make a Crop of Corn,
and that he intended to move into those Parts to live; but I have sufficient
Reason to believe that the said Shoat is in Confederacy with Cook, and that
Shoat had Intelligence of my being in Pursuit of said Negro before I could get
there, and concealed him, telling me that Cook had sent for him four of five
Days before, and he was gone to him. Upon which I returned to Bedford
Courthouse, and sent Word to Cook to meet me there with the Negro, which
he failed to comply with, but sent a Letter in Retaliation for the Negro. I have
likewise been informed, that if ever Cook should understand
that I have heard
of his stealing the said Negro, he intended to convey him to New Orleans,
where he expected the Owner would never get him. I will give twenty Pounds
to any Person that will deliver the said Negro to me, and on Conviction of the
Thief forty Pounds. The said Negro has changed his Name to WILL, and, by
Promise of Cook, was to have his Freedom after a Year or two, and in all
Probability
may
now
pass for
a
free Man.
RICHARD
PHILLIPS."
Virginia Gazette ( D) May 23, 1777, p. 3, col. 1.
1777,
May
3
Westmoreland County, Va.
Prince
jobber
Prince and all my Jobbers to dig dirt & Prepare mortar to build a Mud- wall
206 feet long - 6 feet high & 2 feet thick, choped Straw or Hay, to be worked
up in
feet
the
long,
mortar -
Stone to be raised &
1 1/ 2 foot high &
Robert Carter
Day
brought into place to build a Wall 206
2 feet thick - "
Book, vol. 14 ( October
1776- March 26, 1778) ( Duke).
�1777,
May
9
Amelia County, Va.
Sam
carpenter;
cooper
RUN away from the subscriber in Amelia, on the 3d of March last, a negro
man slave named SAM, about 28 years of age, about 5 feet 7 inches, well
made, has a flat nose, large feet, and had on when he went away a
Newmarket coat made of lightish coloured brown cloth, also a Virginia cloth
jacket, cotton warp, and filled in with yarn, striped yarn breeches, double
wove, his shirt cotton and thread; he is a carpenter by trade, and is a good
cooper. He can read print, pretends to a deal of religion, has been a good
fiddler, and is acquainted with many parts of Virginia. I have a suspicion that
some malicious person has given him a pass to travel to North Carolina, or
some other parts of North America. I will give 40 s. reward for apprehending
the said runaway, if taken up in Virginia, 5 1. if taken in any other state, and 6
d. a mile for bringing him home besides all reasonable expenses paid.
WILLIAM
GREEN."
Virginia Gazette ( P) May 9, 1777, p. 4, col. 1.
1777,
July
25
Williamsburg, Va.
WANTED immediately, 3 or 4 good HOUSE CARPENTERS, also 4 or 5
NEGRO CARPENTERS; for which good wages will be given by applying to
me in
Williamsburg. F. JARAM."
Virginia Gazette ( P) 25
July
1777,
p. 2, col. 3.
Francis Jaram was a carpenter-
joiner.
see above January 10, 1777, March 21, 1777 and April 25, 1777)
1777,
October
18
Amherst County, Va.
Sold a small gray Horse ( by the Name of Jolly) to Peter Rawlins for which he
one a
Log House 20 Feet long, 16 Feet wide & 8 Feet Pitch, with a
Shingle Roof; my People are to get on half of the Logs."
is to build
Edmund Wilcox' s Book, vol. 4, E. W. Hubbard Papers ( UNC).
1778,
January
23
Frederick County, Va.
Sam
carpenter; cooper
January
23, 1778 RAN away, from the
subscriber,
some
time last summer, a
�small Negro fellow, named SAM, country born, about 40 years of age, 5 feet 5
or 6 inches high, is a very black fellow, with a thin visage, and stoops a little
when he walks. Had on a blue Bath coating jacket, with linen sleeves, a tow
linen shirt, petticoat trousers of the same, a pair of country made shoes, and an
old castor hat, though it' s very probable he has changed his dress. He knows a
little of the Carpenter' s and Cooper' s business, and took away some tools with
him. He belonged to his Excellency Gen. Washington some years ago, and was
sold in Maryland to the late Dr. Leeper, who sold him to Mr. Geo. Fraser
Hawkins, where I bought him. Whoever takes up and secures the said negro,
so that
I
get
him
again,
shall
receive
the
above
reward [$ 22], besides
reasonable charges, if brought home. GEO. NOBLE."
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser January 27, 1778.
1778, March 27
Williamsburg, Va.
WANTED to hire, a negro gardener, two negro carpenters, and a person
capable of driving a charriot. Good wages will be given, and for particulars
apply to the printer."
Virginia Gazette ( P) March 27, 1778, p. 4, col. 2.
1778,
April 3
WANTED
Apply
to
Hanover County, Va.
hire,
two NEGRO
to Col. Syme [?],
CARPENTERS.
in Hanover,
Good wages will be given.
or to the Printer."
Virginia Gazette ( P) April 3, 1778, p. 2, col. 1.
1778,
July
10
Williamsburg, Va.
For SALE, A NEGRO boy between 17 and 18 years of age, who has been
upwards of three years at the carpenter' s business. He is a very strong healthy
lad, and sold for no fauls [?].
He may be seen, and his price known, by
applying to the Printer."
Virginia Gazette ( P) July 10, 1778, p. 1, col. 2.
1779, April
Stephen
carpenter (?)
Loudoun County, Va.
�Hugh
Nelson
to Battaile
Muse:
We must endeavour to get as much of the wheat as possible out, in order to
preserve what we can from the Weavel, after we have got in our Harvest. As I
do not intend to move my Family over the Ridge; Stephen might be employed
to great Advantage, and the white Man with him if it be possible to keep him,
in making large, tight Binns round the Barn, for the Reception of the Wheat.
Tight Casks or Binns are the only things which can preserve it from
Destruction."
Correspondence,
1779,
May
Battaile
Muse Papers ( Duke).
Albemarle County, Va.
1
Kitt
carpenter;
cooper
SIXTY DOLLARS REWARD. RUN away from the subscriber in Albemarle
county, near the old courthouse, a negro fellow named KITT, about 40 years
old, 5 feet 10 inches high, of a yellowish complexion, limps as he walks, one
leg and thigh smaller than the other, has a scar on one of his cheeks, he has
worked at the carpenters
business
and can do coopers work. Whoever will
deliver him to me in Bedford county, about 10 miles above Linches ferry, shall
have the above reward, or if secured in any county jail so that I get him again,
shall receive
40 dollars,
100 dollars. EDMUND
and if taken out of the state and brought
home to me
COBBS."
Virginia Gazette ( D) May 1, 1779, p. 3, col. 1.
see below May 3, 1783)
1779,
June
Accomack County, Va.
12
Ned and Jacob
sawyers
RUN away from the subscriber at Guilford warehouse, in Accomack county,
three negro men, viz. Isaac, Ned, and Jacob. Isaac is about 28 years of age, a
short well-made fellow of a yellowish complexion, by trade a shoemaker, and
is very fond of playing on the violin. Ned, about 26 years of age, of the same
complexion as Isaac, and is a good sawyer, Jacob, about 24 years of age, is a
sawyer, and has been used to saw with Ned. Whoever will apprehend and
secure the said negroes so that they may be had again, shall be handsomely
rewarded by WILLIAM YOUNG."
Virginia
Gazette ( D)
June
12,
1779, p. 4, col. 1.
�1780
York County, Va.
Allen Chapman " 1 Negro Man Sawyer
aged 25 years. 125 - - " [
losses total
448. 18. -]
York County Claims for Losses.
1780,
July
Jemmy
21
Amelia County, Va.
carpenter
ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS REWARD FOR apprehending and commuting
to jail, a negro man slave named JEMMY, of a mulatto complexion, who run
away on Monday last, by trade a carpenter, about 35 years of age, and near 6
feet high, has an impediment in his speech, especially when first spoken to,
had a variety of good clothes, and will attempt to pass as a free man, and join
the enemy, either by land or by water. All masters of vessels are requested to
take notice of this advertisement. JOHN PRIDE. AMELIA, July 21, 1780."
Virginia Gazette ( D) August 9, 1780, p. 3, col. 3.
1780,
July
22
Fauquier County, Va.
Phill, Adam, Mark and Will
carpenter,
cooper,
shoemaker,
wheelwright;
carpenter,
miller; bricklayer,
stonemason; carpenter
FORTY POUNDS HARD MONEY REWARD FOR taking and delivering to me
near Fauquier court-house, the four following negroes, who run away the 9th
instant, viz. PHILL, country born, about 35 years of age, stout and well made,
of a yellow complexion, a carpenter by trade; also a good cooper, cart wheelwright, and shoemaker, about 5 feet 10 inches high, has many white places on
his hands, arms, and neck, occasioned by some disorder, speaks slow, very
artful, and pretends a good deal to the Baptist religion; had on a blue cloth
coat, half wore, with flat metal buttons, an old light coloured broadcloth jacket,
with mohair buttons, a pair of striped woolen country cloth breeches, with flat
metal buttons, a pair of strong shoes, white yarn stockings, one white, and one
or more brown linen shirts, and a wool hat. ADAM, about 25 years of age, a
small negro, about 5 feet 5 or 6 inches high, a little on the yellow complexion,
can do something at the carpenter' s business, though properly a miller, having
attended a merchant mill for some years past, has a good deal to say for
himself, and is pretty forward; carried with him a claret coloured cloth frock,
much wore, with mohair buttons, an old light coloured broadcloth coat and
breeches, which coat I understand he intended cutting up into something else,
old
shoes,
one
white
and
one
brown linen shirt, and
a
hat. He
was
once the
�property of Mr. Hugh Walker of Urbanna, and I believe was born in
Middlesex county, where he has kindred. MARK, about 25 years old, a stout
able black fellow, about 5 feet 8 inches high, born in the island of St. Jago, and
speaks the Portuguese language; by his talk is easily discovered to be
foreigner, very active, and remarkable for his ingenuity; and although he has
worked with stone mason and bricklayer, has no particular trade by being
capable of doing something at almost every kind of business, blows the French
horn, can play on the fiddle, whistles many tunes well, and to be heard at a
surprising distance, is fond of marches and church musick, particularly that
belonging to the Roman Catholick religion, which he professes; carried with
him a twilled woollen jacket, a pair of red trousers, one or more white shirts,
and some of brown linen, and a wool hat. I cannot give a particular
description of his dress which I expect his inginuity will vary as often as he
finds it necessary. He has the mark of a cut on the outside ( I believe) of his left
hand. WILL, about 20 or 30 years of age, an African born, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches
high, of a slender make, and has many of his country marks on his face,
speaks fast, and not readily understood, has worked sometime with Phill at
the carpenter' s business, and is much under his direction. He carried with him
a twilled woollen jacket of country cloth, a pair of old leather breeches, one or
more brown linen shirts, and a straw hat. From their manner of going off, and
without having had any previous difference with any of them, I suspect it
must have been a plan sometime conceived with a design of getting on board
some vessel in the river or bay, as all of them have been accustomed to go by
water in river craft, and are well acquainted with all the harbours and creeks,
on some of which I expect they will be found lurking. If they are confined in
any jail so that I get them again, the taker up will be entitled to one half of the
above reward, or in proportion for one or more of them. WILLIAM
ALLASON. FAUQUIER, July 22, 1780."
Virginia Gazette ( D) August 9, 1780, p. 3, col. 2.
1780,
July 26
Will or Billy
carpenter;
Amelia County, Va.
cooper
ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS REWARD FOR apprehending and bringing
home my
negro
fellow Will (
or
Billy.) He run [ sic] away in May 1779, and was
seen several times last summer lurking about Mrs. Bolling' s plantations in
Amelia and Dinwiddie; I have since heard of his being seen at Coan in
Northumberland; to which place I imagine he accompanied some runaway
slaves who had been carried from the neighbourhood of Coan and sold in
Dinwiddie. He is Virginia born, 31 years of age, about 6 feet high, raw boned,
strong and active, of a yellowish brown complexion, has bad teeth, a long and
lean visage, and suffers his wool to grow long below his temples, pretends to
ibe
very
religious
and honest,
and
when
questioned hastily,
answers
with
a
�timid faltering voice; he is a good plantation carpenter and cooper. Whoever
delivers him to me in Amelia, shall have the above reward, or I will give one
half of it to any person for securing the said slave in jail so that I get him
again.
He is outlawed.
THOMAS
GRIFFIN
PEACHY."
Virginia Gazette ( D) July 26, 1780, p. 3, col. 3.
1780, October 24
Northumberland County, Va.
John Wiggins
carpenter, sawyer; tinker, horse husbandman
Northumberland county, Virginia, Oct. 24. RAN away from the subscriber, a
mulatto slave named John Wiggins, a carpenter and sawyer by trade, he also
professes a good deal of the tinkers business, and to be very skillful in horses
and diseases incident thereto; had on when he went away, a pair of white
cotton breeches, and white woolen jacket striped with black yarn, what cloaths
he carried with him is uncertain; he is a likely fellow, about thirty-nine years
old, broad square shoulders, and light eyes, about five feet six or seven inches
high, very talkative when intoxicated, which is frequenty when he can get
liquor; he is supposed to have gone on board a vessel belonging to Mr. John
Turberville, of Westmorland county, which set out for Balitmore the day he
eloped, and I suppose intends to pass as a freeman. I will give fifty pounds
reward to any person that will secure him in gaol [ jail] and give me the
earliest information, provided he is out of the state, if in the state, I will
reward any person genteely. ELIZABETH KENNER."
Maryland Gazette December 8, 1780, p. 2, col. 2.
1780,
November 18
Rockbridge County, Va.
Saul
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber in Rockbridge county, a mulatto slave named
SAUL, about 6 feet high, had on and took with him, a coarse country linen
shirt and trousers,
an old red coat, light shoes,
a fine shirt, stockings
and some
other clothes; he took a new scythe with him. I purchased him of Mr. John
eakel of the Eastern Shore, in the year 1778. I expect he will endeavour to go
down there again, if not taken up; he perhaps will try to pass for a free man,
delights much in a fiddle, and pretends to know something of the carpenters
business. He is about 25 years of age. I will give 1000 dollars reward for him it
taken any where this side of Richmond, if secured so that I get him again, and
if taken below that place 2000 dollars. JOHN BOWYER."
Virginia
Gazette ( D) November
18, 1780, p. 1, col. 2.
�1780, December 9
Richmond
vicin.,
Va.
THE subscriber has for sale, an exceeding valuable NEGRO man slave, of
about 35 years of age, who is an exceeding good carpenter. For terms apply to
Mr. William Cocke who lives at the fork road just above Richmond, or to
JOHN WOOD, Sen."
Virginia Gazette ( D) December 9, 1780, p. 3, col. 2.
1781,
February
6
Richmond County, Va.
Warner Lewis to Battaile Muse:
I will give you a sketch of Col. Tayloe' s estate; which, tho' perhaps not
perfectly accurate, will not be very far from the true state.
2800 acres of land, in Richmond county about Mount Airy, where Col.
Tayloe lived - about 40 working hands, exclusive of carpenters, smiths, and
tradesmen of every sort.
1400
of land in Essex
acres
county
near
Hobbs hole, [
illegible ]
working
hands.
900
acres
of land at the
Hop [?] yard in King George county and about
14 working hands.
500 acres of land at Chatterton in Stafford county, and 8 or 10 working
hands.
5000 acres of land in Maryland nearly opposite to Boyd' s hole, and
about 25 working hands."
Correspondence,
1781,
February
Battaile Muse Papers ( Duke).
24
Amherst County, Va.
Essex
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber in Amherst, a likely negro man slave, named
ESSEX, of yellowish complexion, thick lips, well made, bends a little back in
his knees when standing, about 2[ ] years old, near 6 feet high, and by trade a
carpenter; he was seen last April in Petersburg, where his mother lives, whose
name is Betty. If he is not harboured by her in that town, it is supposed he is
about Hampton, where he was raised. Any person that will confine the said
slave so that I get him again, shall receive a reward of two thousand dollars.
REUBEN
COLEMAN."
Virginia Gazette ( D)
February
24,
1781, p. 2, col. 3.
�1781,
February
24
Hanover County, Va.
Will
carpenter
FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS REWARD. RUN away from the subscriber in
Hanover county, on the 6th instant ( February) a negro man named WILL, by
trade a carpenter, of a yellow complexion, under the middle stature, affects to
talk in a very high stile, had on when he went away, a blue and white Virginia
cloth jacket and breeches, country made linen shirt, white yarn stockings,
common
coarse shoes, and old hat, and carried
with him a new cotton
shirt
and a pair of leather breeches almost new. I expect he will endeavour to make
down
King & Queen, in the neighbourhood where Mr.
Braxton Bird, deceased, lately lived, of whom I purchased him. Whoever
to the
enemy,
or
into
secures and brings home the said fellow, shall be paid the above reward. If he
is not well secured when taken up, he will be sure to make his escape.
DANIEL
TRUEHEART."
Virginia Gazette ( D) February 24, 1781, p. 2, col. 2.
see above March 1,
1781,
1777)
March 12
Charles City County, Va.
Capt: John Allen to the Governor, by Capt: R. Ballinger: Col: Senf not having
returned as he promised, he is at a loss what to do. Asks for authority to
remove the bricks at Brandon, and the timber at Mr James Cocke' s, engaged
for the State by Col: Senf; they and the Lime should now be in place.
Bricklayers, Carpenters and Sawyers, applying to him for work, but does not
know what to allow them. Is in want of waggons and a carry- log. There are
three white and one negro Carpenters at work at the garrison, and eighteen
negro laborers hired from Chas: Carter, of Shirley, Richd: Randolph, Arch:
Cary, Henry Randolph, Thos: M. Randolph, of Tuckahoe, Ryland Randolph,
Wm Murray, George Minge & Rob: Goode. This number of hands too small
for the work to be done. Not a negro gotten from Dinwiddie or Prince George
Co."
Calendar of Virginia State Papers I: 569.
1781,
October 26
Westmoreland County, Va.
James
bricklayer
By Cash received of Mr Richd Jackson 21/ in part pay. for the hire of Negro
James Bricklay bal: now due to R. Carter"
�Date Book 1781- 1782, Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
see below May 11, 1782, December 11, 1784, July 10, 1787, August 24, 1789,
February 1, 1792, February 13, 1792)
1781,
November
Westmoreland County, Va.
Congo
painter, jobber
Congo worked
13 1/ 2 days for
whitewashing & c. the last of October &
me
1st. of Novr. 1781. Congo worked for Jno Tandall at Westmd. Courthouse
of Summer/
Richd. Muse in Octr. 1781."
about 5 months
Spring & Fall 1781 Also he worked 7 days for
Richard Henry Lee Memorandum Book ( HL).
December 23
1781,
Berkeley County, Va.
Charles and Anthony
carpenters
John Hatley
have
an
Norton
to Battaile
Muse concerning
old fellow called Charles &
employed
always
at the Carpenters
a
newly established
quarter: " I
his Son Anthony who have been
business & will be very useful, his Wife
Betty, a favor' d house Servant assists in our Cooking."
Correspondence, Battaile Muse Papers ( Duke).
1782,
January
1
Westmoreland County, Va.
Oliver, Dick, Tom Cooper, Willoby, George
carpenters
James, John, Jack Daniel, San. River, Ralph
sawyers
a
1-
List of Negro
Oliver -
Carpenters & Sawyers -
Carpenter -
2 - Dick. Do - No Wife 3 - Tom Cooper
Do -
Mary
Jany 1st 1782.
his Wife -
she lives at Nomony Hall
he lives at Nomony Hall -
Amy
his Wife.
my property - she lives near Mr Alexr
not
Nu?] rtons. Tom lives at N. Hall
4
Willoby -
5 George 6
James -
Carpenter [
blank ]
his Wife she lives at Gemini [ quarter]
Carpenter - Sarah his Wife Sawyer -
Hannah
his Wife -
she
lives at Aires - [ quarter]
belonging to John Crabb near Jerry
Bailies.
7
8
John Sawyer - Mimy his Wife
Jack Sawyer - Mary his Wife -
she lives at Geminy
she
lives
at
Forest quarter -
�9 Daniel,
Sawyer -
10 San. River a
Quarter
Babb his Wife - she lives at Aires -
Mimy
his Wife She belongs
called Hill- Quarter
11 Ralph - Sawyer -
Carter -
and lives at
- Totuskey -
he entered
Date Book 1781- 1782, Robert
to Mr Charles
January
Carter
18th -
1782 - "
Papers ( LC).
see below March 27, 1782, January 13, 1785, December 29, 1786, September 11,
1787, May 4, 1792)
1782,
January
Botetourt County, Va.
5
George Green
carpenter
COMMI ITED to the jail of Botetourt, a negro man who calls himself GEORGE
GREEN, about 25 years of age, middle sized, has a scar near one corner of his
mouth, a carpenter by trade. He says he is a freeman, and that he left a certain
Mr. JOHN WILSON of Essex about four years ago, with whom he served his
time; he can read. The owner of said fellow ( if any there be) is desired to take
him away and pay charges."
Virginia Gazette or Weekly Advertiser January 5, 1782, p. 3, col. 2.
1111
1782,
January
24
Chesterfield County, Va.
Peter, alias Peter Wood
carpenter,
sawyer
TWENTY PISTOLES REWARD, FOR bringing home the two Negroes
hereafter described, belonging to the subscriber in Chesterfield County, near
the Falls of James River, viz. A black fellow by the name of PETER, frequently
called PETER WOOD, about 37 or 38 years of age, 5 feet 9 inches high, has a
smiling countenance, a little pitted with the small- pox which he formerly had
in the West Indies; some of his fingers are contracted by a burn on the right
hand when young; he is a very good sawyer, and has worked a little as a
rough carpenter; famous for running away. Also a very likely black girl, wife
to the above fellow and taken off by him, about 18 or 19 years old, middle
size, by the name of AMIA. I expect as they were with the British both at
Portsmouth and York that she has had the small pox. She is a fine spinner and
Weaver, has never had a child, and I am informed has holes in her ears for
rings. Those Negroes
were seen in the town of Gloucester
the night after the
surrender of the enemy, and I have some reason to believe they are in that
County now, or in the lower parts of this State. Jan. 24, 1782. FRANCIS
SMITH."
Virginia Gazette
or
the American
Advertiser
February
9, 1782, p. 4, col. 1.
�1782,
28
February
George
and
Hanover County, Va.
Anthony
carpenter; carpenter, hewer, sawyer; cooper
TWENTY POUNDS Specie Reward, To any person that will deliver to either
of the subscribers, living in Hanover, near the Meadow Bridges, GEORGE and
ANTHONY, who went to the British army last June, and since the capture of
said army have been seen several times in the neighbourhood of York and
Gloucester Towns. George is Virginia born, 22 or 23 years old, square made, of
a yellowish complexion, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, round full face, very hollow
footed, and has a nice leg for a Negro; very handy in any kind of plantation
business, and understands something of carpenters work. Anthony is Virginia
born, 26 or 27 years old, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, strait and slim made, of a
yellowish complexion, very little beard, a very pleasant countenance, very
talkative and sensible, a great gamblar among Negroes, very handy in all
kinds of plantation business, understands something of carpenters and coopers
work, and hews and saws well. It is probable they may change their names
and pass for free men. The above reward will be given for the delivery of
both,
half the
or
for
sum
either
of them.
February 28, 1782. JOHN AUSTIN.
THOMAS AUSTIN."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser March 2, 1782, p. 3, col. 3.
1782, March 27 (
after)
Westmoreland County, Va.
Oliver
carpenter
obliterated] Oliver wants the following Tools repaired and new ones made
3 Broad Axes
in SShop
now
2 Adds now in do 2 Augers
1 broad
now
in do -
Chizell
now
2 pr Dividers
now
-
Eys
faulty &
to be laid -
to be mended
to be mended
in do - to be mended
in do - to be mended & 1 Claw Hamer -
2 broad axes to be made
2 Addes to be made"
Date Book 1781- 1782, Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
see above January 1, 1782 and below January 13, 1785)
1782, March 29
Surry County, Va.
Ben
sawyer
TEN GUINEAS
REWARD,
For
apprehending
and
delivering
to me,
at Cabin-
�Point,
JACK, ( or JOHNNY as he calls himself) a tall Mulatto lad, about
eighteen or nineteen years of age, with a bushy head of hair, and beginning
black beard on his upper lip; one of his legs has been broke, which may
readily be observed by slipping down the stocking. He joined the British army
from Mr. Andrew Ronald' s, near Richmond, to whom he was hired, and
waited on a Mr. Tait till the reduction of York and Gloucester. He is probably
in some of the lower Counties, or perhaps may be gone to Northumberland, as
he was bred there. He was accustomed to house business, taking care of
horses, and driving a carriage.
The same reward will also be given for BEN, a likely large black fellow, with a
smiling agreeable countenance, and remarkable white teeth; a good sawyer. He
is supposed to be about Portsmouth, as he was left there ill with the small- pox.
This fellow may make towards Newbern in North-Carolina, as he came from
that place.
March 29, 1782.
ARCHIBALD
CAMPBELL."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser May 4, 1782, p. 4, col. 3.
1782,
April 13
Westmoreland County, Va.
Jubiter
carpenter
On the 13 of Aprill the following Tools were given out to Jubiter for him to
learn the Carpenters trade with one 1/ 2 inch Augur 3/ 4 inch Augur 1 inch
Chisel 1/ 2 inch do. 2 inch do. 1 pr. iron compasses 1 Carpenters hammer 1
hand saw 1 Broad Axe 1 drawing knife 1 Adze 1 Gimblet 1 Carpenters rule 1
Carpenters Gouge."
Richard Henry Lee Memorandum Book ( HL).
1782,
May
3
Loudoun County, Va.
John Nelson in Fredericksburg to Battaile Muse in Loudoun County:
P.S. My Brother has desir' d me to order down the Carpenters immediately as
he is in
great
want of them
having
houses &
hogsheads to prepare for Tobacco
And also Casks for Cyder Their tools may be sent down in the Waggon."
Correspondence, Battaile Muse Papers ( Duke).
1782,
May
James
bricklayer
11
Westmoreland County, Va.
�Dr Mr. -
Lawson to the hire of Negro
James
Bricklayer 2 Daies
2 Dollars -
Cr. By Cash received of Mr Lawson 2 Dollars"
Date Book
1782- 1782, Robert Carter
Papers ( LC).
see above October 26, 1781 and below December 11, 1784, July 10, 1787,
August 24, 1789, February 1, 1792, February 13, 1792)
1782,
May
11
Gloucester County, Va.
Marcus
carpenter
Fifty DOLLARS Reward. WENT off with the British after their departure from
Richmond, the following NEGROES, viz. MARCUS, by trade a carpenter,
about twenty years of age, five feet ten inches high, he is very apt to smile
when spoke to, and is well known about this place and Westham. YORK, a
likely fellow, about forty years of age, five feet ten inches high, pretty lusty.
He was purchased of Isaac Sharpe of Four Mile Creek, and has been used to
plantation business. ABRAM, about thirty five years of age, five feet five
inches high, formerly lived in Gloucester, and is pretty well known in that
neighbourhood, and has been used to a plantation. CYMON, a likely young
fellow, about twenty two years old, five feet eight inches high, bred a ditcher
and came from Hanover since the surrender of York; he has been seen at Mr.
Thomas Roberts near the halfway house below York, by the name of John
Macon,
and says he is free. VIOLET,
went off about eight weeks
ago, and is
now harboured in Williamsburg, about twenty two years old, very likely,
genteel made, and knits very well. Any person delivering the above negroes to
the subscriber in Gloucester, shall receive the above reward, or a proportionate
for either of them. If they are secured in any jail so that I get information of it,
they shall be entitled to a reward equivalent to their trouble. I do hereby
forewarn all persons from harbouring or employing any of the above slaves, at
their peril. JOHN FOX."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser May 11, 1782, p. 4, col. 1.
1782,
June
8
Amherst County, Va.
Jacob
carpenter, sawyer; waiting man
Thirty DOLLARS Reward, FOR apprehending and delivering to me in
Amherst county, JACOB, a black fellow, who eloped in May, 1781, and joined
Lord Cornwallis' s army in the neighbourhood of the Fork. He is about five feet
five inches high, forty five years of age, has been chiefly bred to waiting upon
Gentlemen, but understands sawing very well, and has some knowledge of the
carpenter'
s and cooper' s trade. If he is not dead it is
probable he is lurking
�about Williamsburg, as he was born there. The reasonable expences of
conveying him home will be paid exclusive of the above reward. HUGH
ROSE."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser June 8, 1782, p. 1, col. 1.
1782,
August
7
Loudoun County, Va.
John Norton in Frederick County to Battaile Muse in Loudoun County:
I have hired two Negro Carpenters
of
a
Mr. Tayler in Orange &
sent a Note
to the Overseer by them which I suppose he got mentioning what business
was
to be done such
necessary
as
the
repairing
Barn &
c &
c. The particulars I
mention[ e] d to Peyne but if you find I am mistaken in the necessary business
you will act accordingly;
They might collect a number of old Nails from the old useless buildings on the
plantation, sufficient I shou' d imagine for the Jobbs I may have to do. I wanted
a house patched up for the Overseer to live in, that the one he is in at present
may be reserved for my Use only."
Correspondence,
1782,
October
Battaile Muse Papers ( Duke).
Cumberland County, Va.
5
Sam
carpenter;
cooper,
shoemaker
FIVE POUNDS REWARD. RAN AWAY from the subscriber, living in
Cumberland County, a mulatto fellow named SAM, about 6 feet high and
about 30 years of age, rather knock- kneed, has some scars on his breast
occasioned
by
his
being poisoned
and has
a
scar on
one
wrist, ( I think
the
right one) had the small pox last May, and has some marks of it; his hair is
pretty thick and bushy; he is a good carpenter, cooper and shoemaker, and
probably will endeavour to pass for a freeman. Whoever will apprehend him
and
confine
him in
gaol [ jail], or bring him to me in Cumberland, shall receive
the above reward. JOSIAH THOMSON."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser October 5, 1782, p. 1, col. 1.
1782,
November
4
Berkeley County, Va.
John H. Norton in Berkeley County to Battaile Muse " at Mr. Fairfax' s
Plantation Berkley Co.":
�memoranda]
The Carpenters to build
a
crossed out in original]] &
Barreck,
Overseers house,
a
Kitchen [&
log house
Wash house of Logs, under one Roof, with a
Chimney in the Middle the Room, 16 feet Square with a good Loft. The
dwelling house to be repaired properly."
Correspondence, Battaile Muse Papers ( Duke).
1782, November 16
James City County, Va.
George
carpenter;
miller
FORTY DOLLARS
REWARD.
RUN away from Mr. Paradise' s mill, near Williamsburg, a negro man named
GEORGE, a carpenter by trade, but has been miller at the said mill for many
years. He is about five feet ten or eleven inches high, and has some defect in
one of his eyes. It is thought he will make for the northward, or the Pamunkey
indian town. Whoever takes up the said negro and delivers him to me near
Jamestown, shall be paid the above reward by CARY WILKINSON."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser November 16, 1782, p. 3, col. 3.
1782,
December 21
Virginia
TO BE SOLD, On the first day of January nect, for cash or tobacco, at Mrs.
Morelands, in Cabin Point, TWO likely NEGRO MEN, about three or four and
twenty years of age, belonging to the estate of Capt. Thomas Holt, deceased,
one a good sawyer, the other an excellent house servant. Also two WOMEN,
which have been accustomed to spinning Three months credit will be allowed
the purchasers, on giving bond with approved security to WILLIAM HARRIS,
Administrator."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser December 21, 1782, p. 4, col. 1.
1782,
December 28
Richmond (?),
TO BE SOLD, A LIKELY NEGRO CARPENTER, about thirty years of age.
Enquire
of the Printer."
Virginia Gazette
or the
American
Advertiser
December 28, 1782, p. 1,
col. 3.
Va.
�1783, April 19
Amelia County, Va.
Duncan Green, alias Will Simcocxe
carpenter,
sawyer
WENT to the British in July, 1781, and was with them at York Town a likely
Mulatto man slave, about five feet four or five inches high, well set, 26 years
old, is a good sawyer and rough carpenter. I have understood that since the
capture of York Town, he has frequently carried oysters from the lower parts
to New Castle, but suppose that as I lately sent after him and he was very
near being taken, that he will shift his quarters and change his name again. He
passes, I understand, for a free man, sometimes by the name of Duncan Green
at other times by the name of Will Simcocxe. I will give Nine Pounds reward
to any person that will apprehend the said slave, and confine him in any goal
jail] so that I may get him again, or Twelve Pounds to any person that will
bring him to me, in the lower end of Amelia County. ABRAHAM GREEN."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser April 19, 1783, p. 4, col. 3.
1783,
May
3
Bedford County, Va.
Kitt
carpenter
RAN away from Newcastle, the first of April last, a negro man named KITT,
about forty five years old, five feet eight inches high, limps when he walks,
and is by trade a carpenter. Whoever apprehends the said fellow and secures
him so that I get him, or delivers him to me in Bedford County, shall receive
FIVE POUNDS reward. EDMUND COBBS."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser May 3, 1783, p. 3, col. 2.
see above May 1, 1779)
1783,
June
28
James City County, .Va.
George
carpenter,
sawyer
TEN POUNDS
REWARD.
RAN away from the subscriber in James City County, a negro fellow named
George, about 30 years old, 6 feet high, stout and well made; and can read
very well, he is a very good sawyer, and clapboard carpenter, and I
understand is somewhere about the Long Bridge, or Four-Mile Creek, and
hires himself as a freeman to work on vessels; The said fellow being outlawed,
I will give five pounds
for him delivered
to me, or the above reward
for his
�head,
separate
from his
body. JOHN HOLT."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser June 28, 1783, p. 1, col. 3.
1783,
July
12
Albemarle County, Va.
Charles Sellars and Frank, alias Frank Waddy
carpenters
THIRTY POUNDS Reward. RAN away from the Indian Fields, in Albemarle
County, on the 29th of June, a mulatto fellow named Charles Sellars, six feet
high, about fifty years of age, generally has his head shaved, and wears a cap;
had on a black cloth coat when he went away. He formerly belonged to Mr.
Edward Carter; ran away and got as far as Georgia, where he passed as a
freeman, and it is probable he will go that route again. Also went away at the
same time a fellow named Frank, but frequently calls himself Frank Waddy,
rather light, about the same height as Charles, forty years of age; likely and
well made, and clothed as negroes commonly are. They are both carpenters,
and will probably undertake to work. I will give ten pounds reward to any
person who will deliver the said negroes to me, or secure them so that I get
them. If taken in this State, and the above reward if taken out of the State.
THOMAS WALKER, Jun."
Virginia Gazette, or the American Advertiser July 12, 1783, p. 3, col. 3.
1783,
July
17
Prince William County, Va.
Bob
carpenter
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD. Ran away, from Mr. John Hammett, of
Prince- William County, Virginia, a Negro Fellow named BOB, a slave, about
36 years of age, 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, a very black, square and well- made
fellow. His apparel unknown. He can work at the carpenter' s business, and is
an excellent fiddler. He has lived several months at Fell' s- Point, in the
character of a free man, and was seen there a few days ago, where he is
probably at present concealed. Whoever takes up said Fellow, and secures him
so that his master may get him again, shall receive the above Reward from
said Hammett, or JAMES DAVIS, living in Charles County, near Benedict. July
17, 1783.
N. B. All masters of vessels and others are forbid harbouring,
concealing, or carrying off said Fellow."
Maryland
Journal
and Baltimore
Advertiser
July
18,
1783.
�1783, September 6
James City County, Va.
Jerry
bricklayer, plasterer
Col. Nathaniel Burwell, Dr.
To 9 Days work of Jerry ( at the Grove) Repairg. Store House, Kitchen &
Building
Steps to the Door of
Cellar Q 5 pr.
Day
the
Store do & Kitchen &
Humphrey Harwood Account Book, Ledger
Williamsburg mason.
see below July 24, 1786 and March 1, 1792)
1783,
October
B ( CWF).
11
Harwood
was a
Northumberland County, Va.
Spencer
carpenter,
plastering a Room in
2.. 5 -"
sawyer; cooper
Five Pounds Reward. RUN away from the subscriber the 30th dayof July,Jy,
1783, a black fellow named Spencer, about twenty three years old, very smart,
but not talkative, and has a down look; he carried with him a good many
clothes, and being an artfull fellow, may have forged a pass, or endeavour to
11111
pass as a freeman. He is a very good sawyer, and understands a little of the
carpenter' s and cooper' s trades. Whoever will apprehend the said fellow and
bring him to me living a little below Northumberland court house, in
Wicomoco parish, or confine him in some jail so that I get him, shall receive
the above reward. MOSES LUNSFORD, Sen."
Virginia Gazette or/and Weekly Advertiser October 11, 1783, p. 1, col. 2.
1783, November 22
King and Queen County, Va.
Free Harry
carpenter
RUN away from Mr.
James
Dickie, of
King & Queen, a negro girl named
PHILLIS, but for some time passed by the name BETTY. She is about sixteen
years of age, an excellent spinner, and very likely. Mr. Dickie hired her to a
Michael Downue, overseer for Col. Benjamin Temple, in King William county.
She has for some time been harboured about Rocket' s and is very intimate and
supposed lives with one Free Harry, brought up by Col. Humphrey Hill, of
King & Queen, who follows carpenter' s work, and has been employed by Mr.
Armistead at the ship yard. Whoever delivers her to Mr. James Dickie, or the
subscriber
in the city of Richmond,
shall
receive
a
reward of
one
guinea,
�besides what the law allows. WILLIAM ROSE."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser November 22, 1783, p. 3, col. 1.
1783, December 6
Middlesex County, Va.
John Fox
carpenter
Three Pounds Reward. RUN away from the subscriber about the 1st of
August, a mulatto fellow named JOHN FOX, a carpenter by trade, about five
feet eight or nine inches high, square made, has a down look, and one of his
ankles is much larger than the other, and generally sore. He probably will
endeavour to pass for a freeman, and hire himself to work at his trade, or
attempt to get out of the state. Whoever apprehends the said fellow, and
delivers him to me at the Green Branch in Middlesex county, or to Mr. George
Turner, in Caroline, shall receive the above reward. JOHN TAYLOR CORBIN.
I have for sale, eight hundred acres of exceeding good level land, in King and
Queen county, about three miles from West Point. The terms may be known
by applying to me at Laneville, in the county aforesaid. J. T.C."
Virginia Gazette or/and Weekly Advertiser December 6, 1783, p. 1, col. 3.
1783, December
12
Goochland County, Va.
Gabe or Gabriel
carpenter
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away, on Thursday, the 10th instant, a
negro man, named GABE or GABRIEL, a stout clean limbed fellow, about 6
feet 2 inches high, a carpenter by trade, cloathed in died woolen cloth. He
formerly belonged to Col. Charles Carter of Ludlow; he stole a horse belonging
to Jesse Rudd, the overseer, with his saddle and bridle; the horse is a bay,
about 4 feet 7 inches high, six years old, neither dock' d or branded, paces and
canters tolerable well. A reward of twenty dollars will be given for bringing
the said negro to the subscriber in Goochland, and five dollars for the horse
and saddle, if delivered to the owner at Tuckahoe, or to Mr. Samuel Temple,
in Caroline County. THOMAS M. RANDOLPH. Tuckahoe, Dec. 12, 1783."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser December 27, 1783, p. 1, col. 3.
also in issue of June 26, 1784, p. 4, col. 2; and Virginia Gazette and Weekly
Advertiser
January
17, 1784, p. 3, col. 3)
�1784,
May
20
Stafford County, Va.
Bob
hewer, sawyer; cradler
TWENTY DOLLARS Reward. RAN AWAY from the subscriber, living in the
upper end of Stafford county in Virginia, the 4th of October 1783, a likely
country born Negroe Man, named BOB; he is of a yellowish complexion, well
made, and is about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, about 28 or 30 years of age; he is
a very fine cradler, and can saw very well at the whip saw or hew, has got a
scar on the top of his left foot, has been subject to run away, and is branded
on the left cheek with the letter O. Whoever takes up said Negroe and brings
him home, shall receive the above reward, besides what the law allows, paid
by AARON BOTTS. May 20, 1784."
Pennsylvania Gazette July 1784, p. 3, col. 3.
see below May 28, 1789; see also Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser
November 13, 1784, p. 3, col. 3).
1784,
June 10
James ( Jemmy
King George County, Va.
or
Jimmy), alias James Luscas
house joiner, painter; carver, coach joiner, wheelwright
TWENTY POUNDS, Virginia Currency REWARD. RAN away from the
Subscriber on the 31st of May last, a dark Mulatto Fellow, named JAMES,
generally called Jemmy, about 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high, 29 years of age, strong
made, is sensible and well spoken, is a good joiner at coach, phaeton, or chair
work; is a good house joiner, carver,. wheelwright and painter, and is a
tolerable Negro fiddler: He took with him an ugly dark brown roach backed
horse, with
a
gray face; - and his clothes missed from home are a mixed
Virginia cloth coat, a spotted calico waistcoat, a pair of buckskin breeches, and
a
pair of strong linen
overalls. -
He has a scar on his buttock about the size of
a heater, which burnt him when a child, has several scars of cuts on on the
lower part of one of his legs, and one raised up in a ridge across his great toe.
Whoever delivers said fellow to me, near Boyd' s- Hole, King George County,
if taken out of this State, shall receive the above Reward, but if taken in this
State, shall be intitled
to Twelve Pounds. WILLIAM
FITZHUGH.
Marmion,
June 10, 1784. N. B. All Masters of vessels and others are forewarned from
harbouring or carrying off the above described Fellow at their peril."
Virginia Journal and Alexandria Advertiser June 17, 1784, p. 3, col. 3.
see below August 12, 1784 for alias and other information;
see also Virginia
Gazette or the American Advertiser June 26, 1784, p. 4, col. 2, advertisement dated
June
4, 1784,
scars on
describing James
his legs
as
as " as
resulting " from
good
a
joiner
axe cuts")
as
any in Virginia," and the
�1784,
June
12•
Richmond
vicin.,
Va.
Sam and Tom
carpenter,
sawyer;
sawyer
Twenty Dollars Reward. RUN AWAY from the subscriber the last of May
past; the following NEGROES, viz. TOM, a large clumsy made fellow, near six
feet high, about twenty- five years of age, Virginia born, very large eyes, and
wide nostrils, his right hand, by a bruise, turns or bends out from the wrist
joint, pretty much knock- kneed, wore away a sailors blue jack coat, with horn
buttons, blue half thick breeches, and new oznabrigs shirt. SAM, a likely
yellowish fellow, about thirty three years of age, about five feet seven or eight
inches high, well made, rather bow- legged. As this fellow has formerly run
away, he has been branded by a former master on the cheek with the bow of a
key, but rather imperfect; wore away a sailors jack coat, of the same kind of
Tom' s and breeches ditto, though as he carried away several sorts of clothes,
his dress is likely changed. This fellow is handy and has worked in the yard
with carpenters some time, and can do rough work of that kind, and most
probably will endeavour to pass as a freeman; and both of them are good
sawyers. I will give four pounds for apprehending and securing Sam, so that I
get him again, and two pounds for Tom, if delivered to the subscriber at Four
Mile Creek, twelve miles from Richmond. RICHARD GORDON."
Virginia Gazette or/ and Weekly Advertiser June 12, 1784, p. 3, col. 3.
1784,
June
19
Louisa County, Va.
Barnett
carpenter;
cooper
RAN away from the subscriber, two negro fellows, CHARLES and BARNETT.
Charles went away about the 4th day of May last, and is about twenty four or
five years old, smiling countenance, full eyes, wide mouth, and thin visage,
about five feet seven or eight inches high, has been much used to oxen and
horses, and is very expert in driving or breaking either, has a remarkable scar
on one of his legs, occasioned by a burn. BARNETT, is about thirty years of
age, about five feet six inches high, very well set, and close made, is tolerably
ingenious, a very good cooper, and very handy in rough carpenter' s work,
walks remarkable grand and strong, went away about three weeks since
Charles. I will give a reward of FORTY SHILLINGS for each, if taken in the
County, and FIVE POUNDS if taken in any other, and delivered to me at my
house.
JAMES
Virginia Gazette
OVERTON.
or
LOUISA, Elk Creek, June 19, 1784."
the American
Advertiser
July
3, 1784.
�1784,
29
June
Northampton County, Va.
Joe
carpenter; leather dresser
TEN POUNDS REWARD. WHOEVER will apprehend a Runaway Negro
called JOE, about 5 feet 10 inches high, of a yellowish complexion; he ran off
about 14 months ago, to Gloucester County, and was apprehended and carried
gaol [ jail]; out of which he escaped, and being closely pursued, is gone
to York
either to Annapolis, or Baltimore, where he probably may pass for a free man;
he is a well- set Fellow, square shoulder' d, and took with him a pale blue coat,
with brass buttons; he is a remarkable chewer, and is continually chawing of
chips, or leaves, his mouth being constantly in action, and has every now and
then (
especially
when
at work,)
a cough; he pretends to be a leather dresser,
and part of a carpenter, but understands neither: He was seen lately on board
a French vessel in Rappahannock, going to the state of Maryland, but the
person who saw him could not make the French sailors understand that he
was a runaway. Whoever apprehends and delivers him to me, in Northampton
County, Virginia, shall receive the above Reward, besides the reasonable
expences of conveyance; or I will give FIVE POUNDS for apprehending and
lodging him in any safe and strong gaol [ jail], and advertising me thereof, so
that I may
get
him
again."
J. L. Fulwell. June 29, 1784."
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser July 9, 1784.
1784,
July
2
Westmoreland County, Va.
Mr. Robert McKildoe, Carpenter of Cople Parish, Cr. ...
By
your
allowance,
Viz.; 1/ 6
part
of £ 157.. 6.. 8 the whole amount
of work done
by 9 Negroe Carpenters belonging to R. Carter from the 1st day of January
1785 to ye 31st day of december following as per acct rendered this day 26.. 4.. 5 1/ 4"
Nomini Hall Account Book 1784- 1785 ( CWF).
1784,
August 2
King and Queen County, Va.
Bobb
sawyer
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD. FOR taking up and delivering to me, or
securing so that I get him again, a negro man named Bobb, 28 years of age,
about 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high, black complexion, a very good set of teeth, and
a
little inclined
to be bow- legged;
he is
a
very
good
sawyer,
and eloped
from
�me
last November. SAMUEL
GRESHAM.
KING &
QUEEN, August 2, 1784."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser August 14, 1784, p. 3, col. 1.
1784,
August 5
Loudoun County, Va.
Ellick, alias Alexander Lucas
axman, carpenter; farmer, waggoner
TWENTY POUNDS REWARD. RAN away from the Subscriber, on the 3d. of
July last, a NEGRO MAN, named ELLICK, calls himself Alexander Lucas,
formerly belonged to some of the Lucas' s near Eastern Branch ferry, Maryland,
about 27 years of age, a strong able well set fellow, 5 feet 10 inches high; he is
an artful cunning villain, very talkative at times, will make any asseverations
to gain his ends, speaks sometimes in the Dutch dialect, is very handy with the
broadaxe, or carpenters coarse tools, or any farming or planting business, a
tolerable good waggoner being accustomed to it, has made several journies to
Philadelphia and Baltimore, under Mr. Patrick Cavan, merchant in Leesburg,
executor of Doctor James Courtsman deceased, of which estate I purchased
him. The clothes he took away, are such as people of his condition do not
generally wear, viz. a new coarse green cloth coat, spotted with red and white
intermixed, a new red striped linen coat, a new jacket nearly the same, with
backs of plains, an old coarse linen ditto, a pair of new white cloth breeches, a
pair of yellow ditto twilled, an old pair blue cloth ditto, a new white linen
shirt, cambrick neck band, two old brown shirts, a pair of black leather
stockings, a pair of thread ditto, an old fine hat, bound with black, an old
coarse ditto, shoes and buckles, and an old knapsack. It is expected he may
endeavour to get on board some vessel, but it is hoped should he make the
attempt he will be apprehended. Whoever brings the said Negro to the
subscriber near Rockey- Run church, in Loudon county, shall receive FIVE
DOLLARS if taken twenty miles from home, and in proportion for a greater or
less distance, to the amount of the above Reward. WILLIAM BERNARD
SEARS. Loudon county, Virginia, August 5, 1784."
Virginia Journal and Alexandria Advertiser August 19, 1784, p. 1, col. 1.
1784,
August
12
King George County, Va.
James ( Jimmy), alias James Luscas
house joiner, painter, carver; coach joiner, wheelwright
One Hundred Dollars Reward. RAN away, from the subscriber, on the 31st of
May last, a very dark mulatto fellow named JAMES ( generally called JIMMY)
about 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high, 29 years old, square and strong made, sensible
and well- spoken, is an exceeding good joiner, at coach, phaeton, and chair
work, is
a
good
house-
joiner,
carver,
wheelwright
and painter, and is
a
�tolerable Negro fiddler; he has the scar of a burn on his bottock, about the size
of a heater, which burnt him when a child, also the scars of axe cuts on the
lower part of one of his legs, and one raised up in a ridge on his great toe; he
wore away a large bushy head of hair, inclining to wool. He was taken up in
June,
and committed
to Baltimore
gaol [ jail], at which time he confessed
himself to be my property, and called himself JAMES LUSCAS, he was seen
after released by a Mr. Simpson, of Virginia, from whom he made his escape
at Elk-Ridge Landing; and as he has not been since heard of, it is more than
probable he has made towards Philadelphia, or engaged with some working in
the above branches. Whoever delivers the said Fellow to me, near Boyd' s Hole,
King George County, Virginia, if taken out of this state receive the above
Reward; but if taken in this state, shall be entitled to FORTY DOLLARS.
WILLIAM FITZHUGH. Marmion ( Virginia) August 12, 1784."
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser August 20, 1784.
see above June 10, 1784)
1784, August 24
Fairfax County, Va.
Will
carpenter; driver, mower, ploughman
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away from the Subscriber on the 19th
inst. a likely black rawboned country- born Negro Fellow, named WILL, who is
very artful and rogueish, is about forty years of age, of the middle size, stands
wide between the knees, and when standing bends his knees, long slim feet,
large ancles and long heel; he is a very handy fellow about plantation
business, drives carriages well, a good ploughman, can stock ploughs,
understands stacking and mowing, and can do the common carpenter' s jobs
necessary on a plantation: He took with him a light coloured coat made of
country fulled cloth, with metal buttons, black cloth breeches, a pair of old
shoes and stockings, a brown shirt and hat. Said fellow has been twice to
Philadelphia, where I am apprehensive he will go again if not apprehended.
Four Dollars will be given if he is taken up twenty- five miles from home or
under, and reasonable travelling charges if brought home, and so in proportion
for every twenty- five miles to the amount of the above Reward. LEWIS
ELLZEY. Fairfax County, Aug. 24, 1784. N.B. All persons are strictly forbid
harbouring the said Fellow, and all masters of vessels are forewarned not to
carry off said Fellow at their peril."
Virginia Journal and Alexandria Advertiser September 2, 1784, p. 3, col. 3.
see also
Pennsylvania
Gazette September
1,
1784,
p. 3, col. 3)
�1784, September 8
New Kent County, Va.
Batt
carpenter; cooper
Ten Dollars Reward.
RUNAWAY from the subscriber the 15th of last August, a very likely NEGRO
MAN named BATT, 40 years old, and about 5 feet 9 inches high; his upper
fore teeth is much decayed, and when surprised is very apt to stammer in his
speech. He is a good carpenter and cooper, artful and sensible, a very great
rogue, and has some marks of the whip on his back, but has not been
corrected for twelve months past; he carried with him a variety of clothes, and
it is probable may change his name, and pass for a freeman; perhaps he may
endeavour to get on board of some vessel, therefore I forewarn all masters of
vessels
from employing
him. -
Since he left me he has been seen in the city of
Richmond, and it is probable he may be there or in the neighbourhood at this
time. Whoever will deliver him to me in New Kent, or to my father, Mr.
William
Macon,
in Hanover, shall
receive
the
above
reward.
WILLIAM H.
MACON. SEPTEMBER 8, 1784."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser October 2, 1784, p. 4, col. 1.
1784, September 23
Fairfax County, Va.
Elgin
carpenter
EIGHT DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away about the 31st of May last, from the
plantation of Col. Henry Lee, jun. near the Little Falls of Potomack, a likely
young Negro Man, named ELGIN, about 25 years of age, six feet and one inch
high, has a bit out of one side of his nose, and is somewhat pitted with the
small- pox. Had on and took with him such clothes as Negroes generally wear,
likewise a broad ax, a foot adze, and a drawing-knife, and has been used to
work at the
carpenter' s
business. --
I expect he is in the neighbourhood of the
Red House, Prince- William
will
secure
said fellow
in
County, as he has a wife at that place. — Whoever
any gaol [ jail], or deliver him to me near the Little
Falls, shall have the above Reward and all reasonable charges, paid by L.
HIPKINS. Fairfax County, Sept. 16, 1784."
Virginia Journal and Alexandria Advertiser September 23, 1784, p. 4, col. 3.
1784,
September
25
Charlotte County, Va.
quarter belonging to Edmund Randolph occupied by 47 slaves ( 16 men, 16
women,
6 boys and 9 girls),
including
2 craftsmen,
a wheelwright
and
a
�carpenter and 8 skilled women ( 5 spinners, 2 weavers and 1 dairymaid).
Estate Papers of Peyton Randolph ( LC).
1784,
October
16
Cumberland County, Va.
Jack, formerly Patterson, alias William Scott
carpenter;
cooper
FIFTEEN POUNDS REWARD. RAN away from the subscriber, about the 15th
of August last, a mulatto man slave named JACK, but was called Patterson
when a boy, about 40 years old, 5 feet 4 or 5 inches high, his beard grows up
his temples, which he generally wears long; he turns his toes rather out as he
walks, a carpenter and cooper by trade, and carried some of his tools away
with him; is a sensible crafty fellow, and I expect will change his name; he has
a forged pass to pass for a free man, as was heard to say, since he ran away,
that he never intended to serve any person as a slave again; he can read print
tolerably well, and pretends to much religion; as to his cloathes it its uncertain,
as he carried different kinds away with him. I heard of him in my
neighbourhood about two or three weeks ago. All persons are forbid
harbouring the said slave, or carrying him out of the State. I will give five
4110
pounds reward to any person that will deliver him to me, if taken up less than
thirty miles from home, if over that distance, eight pounds, and if out of the
State,
the above reward,
or
five pounds for securing him in any
gaol [ jail],
and
giving me such information that I get him again. HENRY MACON."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser October 16, 1784, p. 3, co1. 3.
see below May 28, 1785 for alias and location)
1784,
October
30
Charlotte County, Va.
George
carpenter;
cooper
RAN away, from the subscriber living in Charlotte County, on the first instant
September) a large portly black fellow, named GEORGE; he is a good cooper,
a tolerable good carpenter, and carried away several tools with him, to wit, a
broad
axe,
carpenters
compasses,
gimlets, & c. It is expected he will endeavour
to pass as a free man; he chews tobacco, speaks slow, though very sensible; he
is about 35 years of age, is a little knock- kne' d, his left foot is very remarkable,
having but three toes, they stand apart and turn out; this foot is also much
smaller than the other; he took away with him, a double wove hat and
breeches, also a negro cotton jacket died a purple colour, one pair of shoes and
two pair of stockings. I will give forty shillings reward, beside what the law
allows,
to
any person
that will
bring
him home,
or apprehends
him
so that
I
�get him again. JOSIAH FOSTER, jun."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser October 30, 1784, p. 3, col. 2.
1784,
November
13
Fauquier County, Va.
Mark
stone and brick worker; waterman
FAUQUIER County, Oct. 25, 1784. RAN away this morning, from the
subscriber, MARK, a black negro man, about 20 or 30 years of age, 5 feet 8 or
9 inches high, a scar on his right jaw, has the mark of a cut on the outside ( I
believe) of his right hand, walks much with the broadside of his feet foremost,
was born in the Island of Saint Jago, and speaks his native ( the Portuguese)
language, by his talk is easily discovered to be a foreigner, very active, and
remarkable for his ingenuity; and although he may pretend to some
knowledge in stone and brick work, has no particular trade, being capable of
doing something at most kinds of business. Before the war, he was employed
in going by water, and is well acquainted with the Bay, Rivers, and Creeks, to
which I expect he will make, in order to get on board a vessel, to be carried to
a greater distance from home, and then make his escape from it. It is very
probable he will pass for a freeman, in consequence of his being able to speak
another language. He can blow the French horn, play the fiddle, whistles many
tunes, well to be heard at a surprising distance, is fond of marches and Church
music, particularly of that belonging to the Roman Catholic religion, which he
professes. He carried with him a negro cotton jacket and breeches, a light
coloured surtout coat, much wore, one or two blankets, a soldier' s hat, bound
round with white linen, and a smooth bored gun, pretty wide in the bore, and
straighter than common from the breech to the butt. I make no doubt but he
will endeavour to vary his dress as much as possible, in order to effect his
escape to as great a distance as he can. Whoever apprehends said negro, and
delivers him to me, near the Court-house, with the gun, will be paid EIGHT
DOLLARS
reward,
besides
what the Law allows. --
If great care is not taken
by the takers up, he will most certainly make his escape from them. WILLIAM
ALLASON."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser November 13, 1784, p. 1, col. 1.
1784,
November
27
New Kent County, Va.
Ned
carpenter;
shoemaker
RUNAWAY from Cawson, three negro fellows, viz; NED, ISAAC, and
JUPITOR: NED is a tall rawboned fellow of about six feet high, is some-what
of a carpenter and a good negro shoe] maker, at the latter of which trades he
�will probably
offer
himself
to work --
he has a wife at one Isaac Vadens, near
Holt' s Forge on Chickahominy, in which neighbourhood, or about Col. W.
Allens plantation New-Kent on York river, near the Brickhouse he will
probably be found; Isaac a stout well made fellow, of about thirty or five and
thirty years of age, about the middle size, much scared with frequent
floggings, before he
came
into my possession --
he has a wife at one David
Williams' s ( near the above plantation of Col: Allens) at whose house he was
taken up about six months ago, and is probably harboured there at this time,
his clothing was Virginia made cloth; Jupitor a young likely fellow of about 23
years of age, well made, about five feet ten inches high, cloathed in blue when
he absconded, which was in last June; he is a very black negro, smooth skin
and
a modest
countenance —
I have been informed that his haunts are in King-
William, near West-Point; at Snow- Creek near Fredericksburg, and in the
neighbourhood
of Col. Allens
Quarter
in New- Kent
above
mentioned, — I will
give SIX DOLLARS to any person, for each of the above negroes delivered to
me at CAWSONS, and three pence a mile for travelling expences; or FOUR
DOLLARS for each of them, to any person who will confine them in the Jail of
the County where they are taken, and inform me thereof so that I get them
again: The above negroes all belonged to the estate of Mrs. Hannah
Dangerfield of New-Kent County, deceased. THEODORICK BLAND."
Virginia Gazette and Independent Chronicle November 27, 1784, p. 3, col. 3.
see also Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser December 4, 1784, p. 4, col.
3)
1784, December
9
Halifax County, Va.
Dick, alias James Scott
carpenter,
sawyer
FIVE POUNDS REWARD. RAN away from the Subscriber, in Halifax County,
near Doby' s Store, on Burches Creek, on the first of November last, a negro
man named DICK, about thirty years of age, five feet eleven inches high, of a
yellowish complexion. Had on when he went away, a suit of Virginia cloth
cloaths, and a new wool hat. He has worked at the carpenter' s trade, and is a
good sawyer. Whoever will deliver the said negro to me, or secure him in any
public
gaol [ jail], so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward.
JOSEPH AIKIN. Dec. 9, 1783.
N. B. I am apprehensive he passes by the name of James Scott, and has a pass
signed by Col. Haynes Morgan, given by said Morgan, to a free mulatto of that
name. J. A."
Virginia
Gazette
or
the American
Advertiser
January
3, 1784, p. 3, col. 3.
�1784, December
11
Westmoreland County, Va.
James
bricklayer
Negro James Bricklayer Worked this day on Mr Rices Chimney Also Monday
the 13th
Tuesday
Journal ( August
14 &
27,
Wednesday the 15th. in all 4 dayes"
1784 -
December 9, 1785), Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
see October 26, 1781, May 11, 1782, July 10, 1787, August 24, 1789, December
11, 1784, February 1, 1792, February 13, 1792)
1785,
January
13
Westmoreland County, Va.
Oliver
carpenter
Oliver to be directed to proceed immediately to Forest Quarter in order to
make a door wanted for a Tobacco house at the said Quarter"
August
Journal (
27, 1784 - December
9, 1785), Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
see January 1, 1782 and March 27, 1782)
1785, March 12
New Kent County, Va.
Ned
bricklayer
TEN DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away from the subscriber, in New- Kent
County, on the 27th of January last, a likely negro man named NED, about 26
years of age, about 4 feet 8 inches high, of a yellowish complexion, with a scar
on one of his jaws, which sometimes matters; has had the smallpox, though
scarcely perceivable; is of the middle size, and a bricklayer by trade; his dress,
an old rusty red coat and felt hat, and sometimes country cloth, such as white
cotton filled in, with white yarn. He has been seen in the City of Richmond,
about Rockett' s Landing. I forewarn all persons from harbouring the said
fellow, or carrying him out of the State. Any person delivering the said slave
to the subscriber, shall receive the above reward, from STEPHEN WILLIS;
Who will give the best encouragement to three or four good BRICKLAYERS,
that come well recommended, and apply by the first of April next. I have
several likely negro MEN and BOYS to hire, from the 7th instant, until
Christmas next. March 1785. J. W."
Virginia
Gazette
or the
American
Advertiser
March 12, 1785, p. 1,
col. 3.
�1785,
March 17
Westmoreland County, Va.
Carpenters to be sent to Gemini to New cover the Overseers Dwelling hos."
Journal (
1785,
August 27, 1784 - December
May
9, 1785), Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
28
Cumberland County, Va.
Jack, formerly Patterson, alias William Scott
carpenter;
cooper
120 Dollars Reward. RUN away from the subscriber in Cumberland county,
about the 15th of August last, a mulatto man slave named JACK, forty years
old, and about five feet five or six inches high; his beard grows up his temples,
which he generally wears long, turns his toes rather out when he walks; is a
carpenter and cowper by trade, and carried some of his tools away with him. I
have been informed that he has been at work lately in the town of Norfolk,
where he passed for a freeman by the name of William Scott, and has a forged
pass with him; but is now supposed to be gone into the lower part of North
Carolina.
Also run away from the subscriber about the first of February last, a young
mulatto fellow, named JACK, rather above the middle size, wears his hair
combed high before, and his beard down his temples; and has a down look; he
has been lately taken up and confined in Princess Anne jail, but made his
escape and is supposed to be somewhere in the lower part of this state, or
gone to North Carolina. When he was apprehended he went by the name of
James Scott, and had a forged pass for his freedom. Whoever will deliver them
to Mr. William Rose, keeper of the public jail in Richmond, or to the subscriber
in Cumberland, shall receive the above reward, or sixty dollars for each of the
said slaves. They are very artful sensible fellows, and without great care will
make their escape. HENRY MACON."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser May 28, 1785, p. 3, col. 3.
see above October 16, 1784)
1785,
June
11
Hanover County, Va.
Nero, alias George Patrick
carpenter, joiner
TEN DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away on the first day of January last, a
negro man slave named NERO, by trade a carpenter and joiner; his ingenuity
is such that he can turn his hand to almost any trade. He is a well made
fellow, about 5 feet 6 inches high, of a yellow complexion, a little bow-legged,
and bald; one of his fore teeth darker than the rest. He was seen in Hobb' s
Hole about three
months ago;
it is
not
improbable
but he may hire himself
as a
�free negro to work on board some vessel, or on shore, as he has done since he
absconded. I am informed that he has been employed by a fellow, who served
his time with Mr. Charles Carter, of Shirley, who calls himself Peter Shorde, to
drive cattle from the Northern Neck, to sell in other parts of the Country. He
was taken up at one Swynes, and committed to the gaol [ jail] of Charles City
County the 21st of last April, and has a forged pass, wherein he called himself
George Patrick. He broke gaol [ jail] the the [ sic] 6th of this instant. The above
reward will be given to any person that will deliver him to me near Newcastle.
THOMAS JONES. June 11, 1785."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser July 9, 1785, p. 4, col. 2.
1785,
25
June
Dinwiddie County, Va.
Joe, alias Peter Tony
carpenter,
sawyer
Five Pounds Reward FOR apprehending JOE, who ran away from the
subscriber in Dinwiddie on the 10th day of February last. He is a dark
Mulatto, 24 years old, stout and well made, 6 feet 2 inches high, has a bushy
head of hair, and is of the Indian breed; is an excellent sawyer, can do rough
carpenters work, plays on the violin, of which he is very fond; he endeavoured
to pass for a free man since his elopement, and changed his name to PETER
TONY, when he was taken up at Jordan' s point in Prince George county. As
he was then trying to get on board a vessel ( in company with a sailor) to go
down the river, may very likely be lurking in some town in the lower parts of
this state, or perhaps in Baltimore, and assume to himself a new name since
his escape. Whoever apprehends the said slave and delivers him to William
Wilkins, in Prince George, ( to whom I have sold him) shall receive the above
reward. DRURY THWEATT. N. B. I will pay the above reward to any person
on delivering the above mentioned slave to me, 10 1. if brought from another
state, and 3 1. if secured in jail that I may get him. WILLIAM WILKINS."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser June 25, 1785, p. 4, col. 2.
1785,
July
6
Westmoreland County, Va.
Will
carpenter
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away on Sunday night last, the following
slaves, viz. ZACK, a bright Mulatto, about 6 feet high, slim made, has a surly
way of speaking, is about 24 years of age: He had on a new felt hat, osnaburg
shirt,
country cloth breeches and
waistcoat. --
NAT, a dark Mulatto, rather
fleshy, about 5 feet 10 inches high, and apt to frown: He had on and took with
him
a
mixed wool and
cotton
country
cloth coat,
a
Kendal
cotton
coat dyed
�brown, a pair of blue breeches lined with brown linen, osnaburg shirt marked
N in the bosom, and is about 24 or 25 years of age. -- WILL, a tawny fellow,
small made, about 5 feet 8 inches high, about 21 years of age, a carpenter by
trade: He took with him a waistcoat and breeches made of country cloth, a hat
and part of his tools: This is the second trip he has made. When he went away
before, he took some of his tools which served him to travel by, as he told
those that questioned him he belonged to me, and was going to work at my
back quarters. Whoever will bring the said slaves to me, or secure them in gaol
jail],
so that I get them again, shall have the above reward, or TEN DOLLARS
for either of them. JOHN TURBERVILLE. Westmoreland County, Virginia, July
6, 1785."
Virginia Journal and Alexandria Advertiser July 21, 1785, p. 3, col. 1.
1785,
July
Middlesex County, Va.
9
Peter Milvin,
alias Isaac Maivir
painter
COMMITTED to the Gaol [ jail] or Middlesex County, on the 15th day of June
1785; a negro man who says his name is PETER MILVIN, but since says his
name is ISAAC MAIVIR; he is about 5 feet 10 inches high, of a black
complexion; and a very likely fellow, about 24 years of age, and says that he
came from Boston, with Mr. Lewis Edwards, says that he is a Painter by trade,
and further says, that he is a free man. The owner ( if any) is desired to take
him away and pay charges. JOHN CRAINE, Gaoler [jailer]."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser July 9, 1785, p. 1, col. 2.
1785,
July
Hanover County, Va.
10
Ralph, alias William
Lucas or Moss
bricklayer; waterman
KING WILLIAM, JULY 10, 1785. RUN away from the subscriber, in Hanover
Town where he was at work at the bricklayers trade, about the last of May, or
beginning of June, RALPH, a negro lad, about 18 or 19 years of age, a deceitful
rogue, who had been pilfering, and detected in his villainy. I understand he
went down the river in a flat belonging to the estate of the late Mr. Watkins of
Cumberland, to York, and assumed the name of William Lucas or Moss, and
passes for a freeman, he pretends to shew a pass or certificate of his freedom,
and endeavors to get employment as a waterman, and has made one trip to
Norfolk in Capt. Lilly' s vessel, in that capacity; I therefore forewarn all masters
of vessels or others, from carrying the said slave out of the country at their
peril. Whoever will apprehend the said negro, and secure him so that I get
him
again,
shall
receive
such
a
reward
as
may be thought
reasonable
for
�apprehending hirelings, as I hired the said slave of Mrs. Elizabeth Dabney of
Charlotte County, who, I make no doubt, willing to add liberally to the
reward. GEORGE BROOKE."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser August 13, 1785, p. 3, col. 2.
1785, August 18
Fairfax County, Va.
James and Tom
carpenters
Began with James and Tom to work on my Park fencing [ area between the
mansion house and the Potomac River]."
and
Jackson
Twohig,
The Diaries of George Washington IV: 184.
see above February 5, 19 and 20, 1760, January 18, 19, 22, February 18, 26 and
May 7, 1768 and below February 18, 1786, March 20, 1796)
1785, November
eds.,
5
Augusta County, Va.
Harry
carpenter
COMMITTED to the jail of York, a negro man by the name of HARRY, by
trade a carpenter, the property of James M' Clary of Augusta county; this
fellow says he was sold by Dr. Thomas Carter to Matthew Clay, and by Clay
to M' Clary. The owner is desired to pay charges, and take him away.
THOMAS NEWMAN, Jailer."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser November 5, 1785, p. 1, col. 3.
1786,
February
18
Fairfax County, Va.
James, Isaac, Sambo, Tom Nokes
carpenters
Took a list to day of all my Negroes which are as follows at Mount Vernon
and the plantations around it - viz -" 216 total and 67 at the home house
including 28 men and 13 women); 34 skilled slaves at home house ( 21 are
men),
including four carpenters: James, Isaac, Sambo and Tom Nokes.
Jackson
and
identified
Twohig,
as "
eds.,
The Diaries of George Washington IV: 277-283. Isaac is
Head Carpr." in V: 83 ( December
23, 1786).
see above August 18, 1785 and below December 6- 12, 1789, January 3- 9, 1790,
June 1791, December 16, 1792, August 18, 1793, January 19, 1794, February 7,
1796, March 20, 1796)
�1786, March 17
Westmoreland County, Va.
Daniel
carpenter
Carpenter
Daniel
Journal ( December
see December
1786,
pd
Vincent Redman for
12, 1785 -
January
29, 1786, September
a
blanket -
4, 1787),
Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
11, 1787)
22
May
8.. 4"
Westmoreland County, Va.
The
following Carpenters Sent this day to begin to get framing & c. for to
build a Tobacco house on Lot No. 3 part of Metcalfs Tract Now Occupied by
Mr. William Marmaduke.
1 George
Viz.
2 Willoughby
3 Sam
4 Frank
5 James
6 Neill
7 Vincent
8 Sawney"
Journal (
December
12, 1785 -
January
4, 1787), Robert Carter
Papers ( LC).
see January 1, 1782, December 29, 1786, May 4, 1792)
1786,
June
27
My fathers
Orange County, Va.
House raised. The
joiners
with
Joseph,
Ambrose, &
Geo Clark &
Jno Pendleton were the raisers ...."
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
1786,
July
10
Richmond County, Va.
Tom
carpenter
RICHMOND COUNTY, July 10, 1786. RUN AWAY from the Subscriber some
time ago, two Negro men, viz. TOM, a black fellow, well set, a Carpenter by
trade; I think he has a scar on his left cheek, and is inclined
to a rupture; he
had on when he went away, a blue cotton jacket and white cotton breeches, an
Oznaburg
shirt, he took
several
other cloaths
with him --
PAUL, slim yellow
fellow, a little round shouldered, he is apt when spoken to a little sharp, to
stammer
in his speech, he had
a
blue
cotton
jacket,
and several
other
cloaths;
�they are both very great Rogues, and very artful fellows. Whoever takes up the
said Negroes, and conveys them to me in Richmond County, I promise them a
reward of FIVE POUNDS for each. JOHN SMITH."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser July 19, 1786, p. 1, col. 1.
1786,
July 24
Jerry and Nat
York County, Va.
bricklayers, plasterers
Mr. Nathaniel
Burwell ( York River) Dr."
To 10 days work of
dwelling
House
a
Jerry &
6/" [£ -
Nat at plastering
Suky' s
House &
repairing do in
3 -]
Humphrey Harwood Account Book, Ledger B ( CWF). Harwood was
Williamsburg mason.
see above September 6, 1783 and below July 22, 1790, March 1, 1792,
November 17, 1793, April 26, 1794, May 1, 1794, May 29, 1794)
1786, September
1
a
Richmond County, Va.
Cheshire
carpenter
SIX POUNDS REWARD. RAN AWAY from the Plantation of WM.
BERNARD, in Richmond County, some time ago, a Negro man Slave named
CHESHIRE, of a yellowish complexion, about 35 years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9
inches high, with a scar on the right or left side of his under jaw, strong made,
and rather inclined to be bow legged. He understands something of the
Carpenter' s business. Whoever will deliver the said Slave to me living near the
head of Machodock Creek, in King George County, shall receive the above
reward, and if secured in any Gaol [ jail] so that I get him again, Three Pounds.
JOHN ASHTON, sen. Guardian. September 1, 1786."
Virginia Gazette or the American Advertiser September 13, 1786, p. 4, col. 3.
1786,
December
29
Westmoreland County, Va.
Vincent, James, Frank, Natt
sawyers
Daniel, Dick, Simon, Sam, Willoughby, George, Lewis
carpenters
Nelson
joiner
�carpenters
at Nomoni
Hall":
1 Daniel ( invalid) now with Dick Miller ( formerly Sawyer with Jack)
2 Dick ( Millar)
3 Vincent ( invalid) sawyer with Natt
4 Nelson (Joiner)
5 James ( sawyer))
6 Frank ( saywer) saw jointly
7 Natt ( sawyer)
8 Simon ( son of James sawyer) he to be drafted from Old Ordinary [quarter]
and
to join the Carpenters -
9 Sam ( carpenter)
10 Willoughby ( carpenter)
11 George ( carpenter)
12 Lewis
now
at Coles
point [ quarter]
he to be drafted &
join the carpenters"
December 12, 1785 -
January 4, 1787), Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
see January 1, 1782, March 17, 1786, May 22, 1786, January 1, 1787, September
11, 1787, May 4, 1792)
Journal (
1787,
Ill
January
1
Westmoreland County, Va.
George
carpenter
Carpenter
Journal (
George
December
Covered
12,
the Coopers
Shop
1785 -
January 4, 1787),
see January 1, 1782, December 29, 1786)
1787,
January
the 1 &
2d day of Janry 1787."
Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
13
Westmoreland County, Va.
Carpenters Gang Cr[ editor] under for Work done in 1786
rom Marmaduke [ By New Tobo House 30 ft by 16
addition to Dwelling 16 by 16
logs sawn 12 by 8
Covering Old Dwelling 16 by 16
New Corn House floor &
Do Small Shed to Do
John
Marmaduke [
By Covering & putting 2 New Sills to dwelling house 20 by
16
0
Covering a Corn house 12 by 16
Do & laying a new loft with [ sic]
for
a
kitchen
16
by
8
�New Meat house Stuff hewd
repairing roof of Tobacco house 10 by 8
Thos Sandford
By New Corn house plank floor &
formerly
logs sawn with a partition 16 by 12
Scrimshaw
Geo: Harrison
Upsetting & Mending the roof
and making 2 new doors for Tobacco house"
Journal ( December
1787,
February
12, 1785 -
4 and
January
4, 1787),
Robert Carter
April 10
Papers ( LC).
Fairfax County, Va.
Neptune
bricklayer
George Washington to Henry Lee:
It is not my wish to be your competitor in the purchase of any of Mr. Hunters
tradesmen: especially as I am in a great degree principled against increasing
my number of Slaves by purchase and suppose moreover that Negroes sold on
credit will go high. yet if you are not disposed to buy the Bricklayer which is
advertized for Sale, for your own use, find him in the vigour of life, from
report a good workman and of tolerable character and his price does not
exceed one hundred, or a few more pounds, I should be glad if you would
buy him for me. I have much work in this way to do this Summer. If he has a
family, with which he is to be sold; or from whom he would reluctantly part I
decline the purchase, his feelings I would not be the means of hurting in the
latter case, nor at any rate be incumbered with the former."
George Washington to John Lawson:
On the 8th. Instant Neptune delivered me your letter of the 2d. Instant.
Although he does not profess to be a workman, yet as he has some little
•
knowledge of Bricklaying, seems willing to learn, and is with a man who
understands the business, I will keep him, and this shall be my obligation to
pay you the sum for which he sold, at the time and agreeably to the terms of
Mr. Hunters Sale ...
P. S. Since writing the above, and informing Neptune of my
determination to buy him he seems a good deal disconcerted on acct. of a wife
which he says he has at Mrs. Garrards from whom he is unwilling to be so far
removed this also embarrasses me as I am unwilling to hurt the feelings of
anyone. I shall therefore if agreeable to you keep him awhile to see if I can
reconcile him to the separation (seeing her now and then) in which case I will
purchase him, if
not I will send
him back, and pay what hire you shall think
�fit and is reasonable to charge for the time he is here."
John
C. Fitzpatrick,
ed.,
The Writings of George Washington XXIX: 154, 199.
see April 10, 1787)
1787,
February
27
Orange County, Va.
Moses
carpenter
Set Carpenter
Moses about
lathing &
George and Frank to cram the Kitchen."
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
see below
1787,
December
26, 28 and 31,
1792)
April 10
Fairfax County, Va.
Neptune
bricklayer
Recd. from Mr. Jno. Lawson, Negro Neptune, on trial as a Brick layer."
Jackson
and
Twohig, eds., The Diaries of George Washington V: 131.
see above February 4 and April 10, 1787)
1787,
May
Georgetown,
15
Va.
Bob
joiner
FIVE POUNDS REWARD. RAN away from the Subscriber, living in GeorgeTown
on Potomack
River, BOB, a Mulatto
fellow,
rather small size, about 40
years of age, not very talkative, has bushy hair, was brought up to the joiner' s
business and can do very good work; he is a modest fellow but will get drunk
when he can get liquor. His former master, Mr. William Haymond, who I am
informed lives in Harrison County, Virginia, sold him to me in the year 1773,
but before that time he had intended to procure his freedom as a slave, by
selling him to a man in Frederick County, for the term I think of 10 years, but
finding the person could not pay the money agreed upon, the bargain became
void and Bob was sold to me by Mr. Haymond as a slave, but by some means,
having possession of the papers, whereby he was to have obtained his
freedom, petitioned the Magistrates of Montgomery Court, for that purpose,
and on a hearing was ordered to return to his State of slavery. I suppose he
may still have those papers in his possession, and shew them as his discharge. When he left me, which was about the 4th of April last, he had on a brown
sheeting linen
shirt,
a
short coat and breeches
of drab frize,
stockings,
shoes
�and hat, but I cannot describe the quality, I think his height is somewhere
betweeen 5 feet 6 and 5 feet 8 inches. -
I am inclined to think he will
endeavour to get up to his old master' s, or perhaps to the Eastern- Shore in
vessel from George- Town. -
some
The above reward will be paid for securing
him so that I get him again, and reasonable expences for bringing and
him
delivering
to me in George- Town.
15, 1787.
ROBERT PETER. George- Town, May
N. B. All Captains, Masters of vessels or other[ s] are hereby forewarned from
taking
on
board
or [ e]
mploying him
at their
R. PETER."
peril.
Virginia Journal and Alexandria Advertiser May 17, 1787, p. 3, col. 3.
1787,
July
10
Richmond County, Va.
James
bricklayer
James
Bricklayr
Macky Nacy [?] Ralph, Prince John Coghlen were this day
sent to Dickerson'
Day
Book (
s
January
Mill
to
repair
13, 1787 -
the Bridge
February
Causeway &c"
20, 1788), Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
see October 26, 1781, May 11, 1782, December 11, 1784, August 24, 1789,
February 1, 1792, February 13, 1792)
1787,
September
11
Westmoreland County, Va.
Dick and Daniel
carpenters
Taurus [ plantation]
Mr
James
Harrison
wishes that
Dick &
Daniel maybe Sent
to Taurus to put in some light temporary beams into the Dwellg. built by Mr.
RC in order to hang Tobo. therein. the Old Tobo House too ruinous to venture
any therein"
Day Book ( January 13, 1787 - February 20, 1788), Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
see January 1, 1782, March 17, 1786, December 29, 1786)
1787, November
20
King George' s County, Va.
Sam
sawyer;
ditcher
Nov. 20, 1787 Five Pounds Reward. RAN AWAY, about the 10th of
September last, from the subscriber, a likely NEGRO FELLOW, named SAM,
about 24 years of age, 5 feet 11 inches high, rather of a yellowish colour, a
little bow- legged,
one
of his feet is
a
little swelled;
he is
a
good
ditcher and
�sawyer, and probable may attempt to pass as a free man, being a cunning,
artful, active fellow; he also may probably have procured a pass, and is
thought will attempt to proceed to the northward. Any person who will
deliver to me the said NEGRO, or secure him so that I get him again, shall be
intitled to the above Reward. All masters of vessels and others are forwarned
from harbouring or employing him at their peril. PETER HANSBROUGH."
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser November 27, 1787.
1788,
January
Gave
Jn.
21
Crask
Westmoreland County, Va.
an
order
on
the
Marsh for 4 barrels of Corn at 15/
a barrel to
pay him in part for the Cornhouses he built there last summer £ 3. - Let 1. 8 [ ]
I dedicated for his hire of
my Negroe makes £ 4. 8. 0 deduct from 3/ 8 his work."
Richard Henry Lee Memorandum Book ( HL).
1788,
April 17, 28, 29 and
May
26
Fairfax County, Va.
Thomas or Tom Davis
bricklayer
Charles
Hagan came to Brick making to day - set him to makg. a cover for
Bricks before he began to Mould. Gunner and Sam were sent to Work with
the
him."
Charles Hagan, the Brickmaker, not at Work to day."
Charles Hagan was at work in the Brick yard."
Added Thos. Davis, Reuben, and Billy to the Brick layers to day, by which
means five were thus employed. The necessary attendance was given them.
Also set Gunner to making Bricks, along with Charles Hagan, with attendance
also."
Jackson
Hagan
and
Twohig,
was a
free,
eds.,
white
The Diaries of George Washington V: 304, 312, 331.
hired by Washington at a salary of £ 4
brickmaker
10s.
a month; he worked at Mount Vernon from April to November of 1788. Other
named individuals were African- American slave laborers, with the possible
exception
of Reuben (
XXXVII: 256- 261)
see
below
March 3, 1793). In the 1799 list of slaves
Thos. Davis is recorded
as "
Tom Davis ...
B: layr." and
Gunner as " Passed Labour" and 90 years of age, both at Mount Vernon.
see below March 31, 1789, November 4, 1792, December 22, 1793, November
5, 1796)
�1788, April 24
New Kent County, Va.
Caesar
carpenter,
sawyer; mower, shoemaker
The Dollars
Reward.
RUNAWAY
from the Subscriber,
on the 18th instant, a
negro man slave by the name of CAESAR, A STOUT strong made fellow,
rather short and thick, about 40 years of age, he is a sawyer, a carpenter, a
shoemaker, and a remarkable good mower; he is a strong headed sensible
fellow; has a rough face with a scar on the right side, he wore a dirty white
great coat of twilled cloth, with a g[rleen cape, a short coat, waistcoat and
breeches of the same, white German osnabrigs shirt, shoes and stockings; he
carried
with him
freeman,
or
pair of buckskin breeches. -
a
perhaps
has
a
forged
pass. -
He will probably pass for a
It is likely he will be seen at the time
of cutting small grain, as he is extremely fond of that business, and generally
gets from 6
to
8
shillings
per
day by
it. -
The above reward will be given for
apprehending and securing the said runaway so that I get him again. L.A.
Pauly. Diascum bridge, New-Kent county, April 24, 1788."
Virginia Independent Chronicle May 7, 1788, p. 3, col. 2.
see below August 12, 1790)
1788,
July
24
Henrico County, Va.
Will, alias Martin
hewer, sawyer
Five Dollars Reward. RUNAWAY from the subscriber in Henrico county, the
18th instant (July) a negro man named WILL, but frequently goes by the name
of Martin; He is about 30 years of age, a thick well set fellow, about 5 feet 5
inches high, tolerable black; he took with him two coats made of plains, one a
green and the other a white, and one pair of white plains breeches, and one of
hempen rolls, a pair of white yarn stockings and a pair of shoes with nails in
the bottom. He is a very good hewer and sawyer, and in short can turn his
hand to any thing in the plantation business. I expect he will endeavour to
pass as a free man, and hire himself as such. All persons are forewarned from
employing him and masters of vessels from taking him out of the state at their
peril. The above reward will be given to any one who will secure him, so that
I get him, and all reasonable charges if brought hom to me, living in the lower
end of the county, within four miles of Four- mile creek. SAMUEL
GATHRIGHT."
Virginia
Gazette
and
Weekly
Advertiser
July
24, 1788,
p. 3, col. 3.
�1788, September 29
King William County, Va.
Stephen
carpenter; waitingman,
hostler
Ten Dollars Reward, WILL be given by the subscriber in King William
County, to any person who will deliver or secure in jail, STEPHEN, who has
been run-away for some months past; he is a likely bright molatto fellow,
about 22 years of age, has a very bushy head of hair and a remarkable scar on
the shin of one of his legs; he is about 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high; he has with
him an old peagreen fagathy coat, a red sailor looking jacket, and sometimes
wears brown overalls; but it is probably he will freqently [ sic] change both his
dress and name and endeavor to pass as a freeman; he has been accoustomed
sic] to wait in a house and to act as a hostler, but ' tis expected, he is very
artful and ingenious, that he will pretend to the carpenter' s trade. He was seen
about the beginning of August in company with a mulatto fellow, by the name
of Sam, the property of Mr. George Turner of Caroline county, for whom there
is also offered a reward of ten dollars. Sam is about 30 years of age, 6 feet
high, rather spare, with long bushy hair, and has a remarkable scar on one of
his cheeks occasioned by an Imposthume. They then said that they intended to
Norfolk, where they should pass for freemen. JOHN CATLETT, Jun. King
William, Sept. 29, 1788."
Virginia Independent Chronicle October 1, 1788.
1788,
December
Williamsburg, Va.
Billy
brickmaker (?)
Estate of H. Harwood
To
pd.
Billy
negro
for
Humphrey Harwood
Williamsburg mason.
1789,
January
in
a/
c
with W. Harwood
burning
Account
brick Kiln -
the Exor"
Dr.
10 - "
Book, Ledger D ( CWF).
21
Harwood
was a
Powhatan County, Va.
Fox
sawyer
RUN AWAY from the subscriber, living in Powhatan county, the 26th of
December, 1785, a bright mulatto man slave, named FOX. I expect he has
altered his name. He is about 34 years old, a short well made fellow, a very
bushy head of hair, somewhat bow-legged, has a down look, stammers in his
talk when not surprised, but when closely attacked he is much worse. From
the information
I have had, he
passed
through
the town of Manchester
the
�20th of January, 1789; he then had on a suit of blue cloathing and a knapsack
on his back, and said he was on his way to Petersburg. He can saw very well
at the whipsaw. I expect he has passed as a freeman. Any person that will
secure him so that I get him, shall receive FIVE POUNDS reward, besides
what the law allows. Arthur Branch, Powhatan, Jan. 21, 1789."
Virginia Independent Chronicle January 28, 1789, p. 1, col. 2.
1789, March 31
Fairfax County, Va.
Tom Davis
bricklayer
George Washington to George Augustine Washington:
After the Carpenters have given security to the old Barn in the Neck, they
must proceed to the completion of the New one at the Ferry, according to the
Plan and the explanations which have been given. Gunner [ a laborer] and Tom
Davis should
get
Bricks
made
for this purpose ...
When the Brick work is
executed at the Ferry Barn, Gunner and Davis must repair to D:[ ogue] Run
and make Bricks there; at the place and in the manner which has been directed
that I may have no sammon bricks in that building."
1111
John
C. Fitzpatrick, ed.,
The Writings of George Washington XXX: 258. In the 1799
list of slaves ( XXXVII: 256- 261) Tom Davis is recorded as " Tom Davis ...
B: layr."
and Gunner as " Passed Labour" and 90 years of age, both at Mount
Vernon.
see April 17, 28, 29 and May 26, 1788, November 4, 1792, December 22, 1793,
November
5, 1796)
1789,
28
May
Richmond,
Va.
Aaron
carpenter; blacksmith, shoemaker
Eight Dollars Reward.
Went from the subscribers shop in Richmond, on the 28th of September, a
blacksmith, named AARON, LATE the property of Col Bannister, and now
belonging to Mr. Wm. Alexander, of Richmond. He is a negro of light
complexion, about 5 feet 10 inches high, slim made, with a grave look, about
27 years of age, a piece bit off one of his ears, occasioned by fighting, had on a
short brown coat, white waistcoat, and corduroy breeches: He has a wife at
Mr. St. George Tucker' s, at Petersburg, and once belonged to Col. Byrd, of
Westover, and it is expected he has gone that road. He is gone away from an
ill grounded apprehension of being sent to the back country, and from no
dissatisfaction
at
his
situation.
The
above
reward,
besides
what is allowed
by
�law, will be paid on apprehending and delivering him at Richmond, to
JOSEPH M' CAUGHEY.
N.B. He is very artful, and as he understands the shoemaking and carpenters
business, '
tis probable he will follow those branches."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser May 28, 1789.
1789,
28
May
Richmond, Va.
York
plasterer (?)
TEN DOLLARS REWARD. RUN away from the subscriber the 1st of this inst.
a negro fellow by the name of YORK, about 5 feet 6 inches high, and appears
to be about 25 or 26 years of age, slender made, he is an African born slave,
had on when he went away an Olive coloured coat, white waistcoat and small
white buttons, black breeches, with shoes and stockings. I had him of Mr. Wm.
Radford, of Goochland county, he had him of a Mr. Scott, of the said county. I
will give the above reward to any person that will deliver him to me in the
city of Richmond, or TWO DOLLARS to deliver him to Col. Paine, of
Goochland courthouse, as I have reason to believe that he is lurking some
where in that neighbourhood; if at a greater distance something more. JOSEPH
KAY, PLAISTERER."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser May 28, 1789.
1789,
May
28
Stafford County, Va.
Bob, alias Aaron Reid
hewer, sawyer
Five Pounds Reward. RUN- AWAY the 25th of December last, from the
subscriber, living in the upper end of Stafford county, in Virginia, a likely
country born negro man, named BOB; he is of a yellow complexion, about 35
years of age, and about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high; he has thin lips and sharp
nose for a negro, his two upper fore teeth broad; he is a good hewer and
sawyer, and handy at many things; he is exceeding well made to his height.
He made an elopement in the year 1783, and passed as a free man for 18
months, by the name of Aaron Reid, in the town of Alexandria. Whoever takes
up said negro and brings him home, shall receive the above reward, paid by
AARON BOTTS. May 28, 1789."
Virginia Independent Chronicle and General Advertiser June 3, 1789.
see also above
May 20, 1784)
�1789,
July
7
Cumberland County, Va.
Tom
sawyer
Twenty Dollars Reward. RUN AWAY from the subscriber' s plantation in
Cumberland county, about the last of April, TOM, a dark mulatto Negro
fellow, about 25 years of age, about 5 feet 5 or 6 inches high, and well made;
he has been used to the whipsaw, and perhaps may endeavour to hire himself
as a sawyer. He took with him his wife PEGGY, about 20 years of age, a large
well made bright mulatto wench, remarkable thick lips, and very slow of
speech.
They
both raised
in
King & Queen county from whence they
were removed last fall, and where they may now be lurking; but I am rather
were
apprehensive they may endeavour to pass as free people, and attempt to get
out of the State. I will give the above reward, besides what the law allows to
any person that will deliver them to my overseer, Charles Carter, in
Cumberland; to me in this county; or to Mr. Rose, Jailor in Richmond; or one
half the above reward for either of them. I forewarn all masters of vessels, and
other persons, from carrying them out of the state, or hiring them. JOHN
MACON. Powhatan county, July 7, 1789."
Virginia Independent Chronicle and General Advertiser July 15, 1789.
1789, August
17
Dumfries, Va.
Harry
carpenter, joiner
Ten Dollars Reward. A LIKELY Mulatto Man, named HARRY, about 24 Years
of Age, belonging to Miss Ballendine, of Dumfries, left the Service of the
Subscriber, to whom he was hired, about five Weeks ago. He is rather under
the middle Size, well made, very artful, and by Trade a Joiner and Carpenter.
He has Relations in the Neighbourhood of Mattawoman, in Charles County,
Maryland, many Acquaintances about Alexandria and Occoquan, near OldForge, as well as at this Place, and a Wife at Neabsco Furnace. The above
Reward will be paid for apprehending and bringing Home the said Slave,
either to his Owner, or to Mr. SOWDEN, my Manager at the Mills, on
Powell' s- Run, besides what the Law allows by ALEXANDER HENDERSON.
Dumfries, August 17, 1789."
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser November 20, 1789.
also in Alexandria Gazette September 3, 1789, p. 4, col. 4.)
1789, August 24
James
bricklayer
Westmoreland County, Va.
�James, Brick layer, to be sent to the Old Ordinary [ quarter] to underpin the
Overseers
Day
new
dwelling house - Stone and oyster shells ready - "
Book ( April 18, 1789 -
June
7, 1790), Robert
Carter Papers ( LC).
see October 26, 1781, May 11, 1782, December 11, 1784, July 10, 1787, February
1, 1792, February 13, 1792)
1789, December
6- 12
Fairfax County, Va.
Isaac, James, Sambo
carpenters
Farm Report:
Dr.
Joinners &
Carpenters for the work of 4 Men Amtg [ per] week to 24
days] Cr.
4
By Thos Mohony About the green House window Shetters
6
By Isaac engaged about ditto
2
By James & Sambo Sawing 8 pieces for the green House &
8 laths 16 feet long
5
By James Confined to the House having fallen from the saw pit &
wounded
himself
2
By Sickness Thos Mohony 2 days
1
By rounding Shingles
4
By hewing 10 Stocks 16 feet long 10 Inches deep
24 Total"
Abbot and
Twohig,
eds.,
The Papers of George Washington ( Presidential Series)
IV: 372. Thomas Mahony was a free, white house carpenter and joiner
employed by Washington between 1786 and 1788. Isaac is identified as " Head
Carpr." in Diaries V: 83 ( December
23, 1786).
see above August 18, 1785, February 18, 1786, and below January 3- 9, 1790,
June 1791, December 16, 1792, August 18, 1793, January 19, 1794, February 7,
1796, March 20, 1796)
1790,
January
3- 9, 1790
James, Isaac, Sambo
carpenters
Fairfax County, Va.
�Farm Report:
Dr.
Joiners &
Carpenters
for the work of 4
men
Amtg
per week to
24
days]
Cr. By Thomas Mohony puting the plates of the barn Shed walls
puting up Joists & Posts
By James &
By Making
the
4 1/ 2
Sambo engaged
a
Gutter &
water
from
in ditto
10
putg it on the Shed Stable to prevent
Injuring
the
wall
2
By Carrying wheel Stuff from the Top of the Hill to the
Houn Kennel for Isaac
1
By Isaac Making a New wheel Barrow and a New wheel to another
assisting about reovg the Lemmon & Orange trees to
the Green House and finished a New Cart wheel for
D. R. Plantn
6
Total
Abbot and
24"
The Papers of George Washington ( Presidential Series)
IV: 518. Thomas Mahony was a free, white house carpenter and joiner
Twohig,
eds.,
employed by Washington between 1786 and 1788. Isaac is identified as " Head
Carpr." in Diaries V: 83 ( December 23, 1786).
see above August 18, 1785, February 18, 1786, December 6- 12, 1789 and below
June, 1791, December 16, 1792, August 18, 1793, January 19, 1794, February 7,
1796, March
1790,
20, 1796)
March 5
Culpeper County, Va.
Pompey
sawyer;
shoemaker
RUN- AWAY from the subscriber in Culpeper county, a likely negro fellow by
the name of POMPEY, about 40 years old, 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, a black
complexion, bow- legged, stout made, very strong and active; he is an artful
ingenious fellow, a tolerable good shoe- maker, an excellent sawyer, and has
been accustomed of various kinds of business; he is much addicted to liquor,
and when intoxicated very talkative; he was allowed the privilege of visiting
his wife in Richmond, by the name of Betty, the property of William Banks;
she was to return with him to Culpeper, for which purpose they obtained a
pass from Richard T. Banks about the 17th of last January, also had a letter
directed to Baylor Banks. She is about 38 years old, 5 feet one or 2 inches high,
a black complexion, an agreeable countenance, and has lost one of her upper
fore teeth. It is very uncertain what kind of clothes they may have on, as they
had a variety of them. I suspect they will endeavor to pass as free negroes.
Any person that will give such intelligence that they may be had again, or
deliver them to Richard T. Banks in Richmond,
shall be generously rewarded
and
reasonable
or the subscriber
expenses
paid by
in Culpeper,
BAYLOR
�BANKS. Culpeper county, March 5, 1790."
Virginia Independent Chronicle and General Advertiser March 10, 1790.
1790, March 10
Albemarle County, Va.
Sam and Squire
carpenter, sawyer, blacksmith; carpenter, sawyer
Forty Dollars Reward FOR apprehending and delivering of two mulatto men,
SAM and SQUIRE, to the subscriber in Albemarle county, or SIX POUNDS for
either of them, if apprehended in the state of Virginia; if out, I will pay the
above reward and all necessary expences. They were formerly the property of
Mr. Watt Bradley, deceased, of Charles City county, and sold by his executors
to Colonel William Randolph, and since their elopement sold to me. SAM, a
bright mulatto, about 6 feet high, about 28 years old, he dresses well, has a
bushy head of hair, he has been branded on each cheek; he has been shot with
large Bristol shot in the right knee and thigh. He has a wife at Mrs. Eppess in
Charles City county, and has been seen to pass and repass frequently of late
towards Rappahannock.
He has some knowledge of the carpenters and
blacksmiths trades and is an excellent sawyer. I am informed he has procured
himself a pass, and passes as a free man. He has been once badly whipped.
SQUIRE, a dark mulatto, about 24 years old, about 6 feet 1 or 2 inches high,
stoops in his shoulders, and a little knock- kneed. He has a scar on one of his
thighs and buttocks, occasioned by a burn when a boy. He has some
knowledge of the carpenters trade, and is a very good sawyer. He has with
him a low, black, well set wench for a wife, the property of a Mr. James
Toolers of Charles City, the wench is a decent house servant, can sew and
wash very well. I have some reasons to believe they have procured themselves
passes, and made to the northward as free people. I expect they are gone to
Baltimore or Philadelphia. I also have reason to believe that they have with
them a likely black fellow who can read and write, and has upon examination
confessed himself to be a slave, belonging to some man in North Carolina. I
will give Ten Dollars for apprehending and securing either Sam or Squire, so
that I get them. MENAN MILLS."
Virginia Independent Chronicle and General Advertiser March 10, 1790.
1790,
June
Johnson
17
Henry County, Va.
carpenter
Twenty Dollars Reward, and all reasonable expences paid, for apprehending
and delivering to the subscriber a negro man slave, named JOHNSON, who
ran
from
me the
twenty- sixth
of April last,
a
carpenter
by
trade, about five feet
�ten inches high, about forty- eight hears of age, and is of a yellowish
complexion. I expect he will endeavour to pass as a free man; he was raised
near Fredericksburg; but has not been there for many years. GEORGE
HAIRSTON. Henry county, June 17, 1790."
Virginia Independent Chronicle and General Advertiser June 23, 1790.
1790,
July
1
Petersburg, Va.
Tom, alias Tom Corn
sawyer;
drayman,
waterman
RUN away from the subscriber the 28th of July last, a very tall, black, likely
negro fellow, upwards of six feet high, by the name of TOM, about 30 years of
age, has a stoop as he walks, and a smiling countenance when spoke to: Also,
very remarkable bad crooked legs, much scarified by sores; his left leg was
very sore when he went away and wore a bandage always round it; by his leg
he is sure to be known, as I do not believe it will get cured up soon, owing to
its being a running sore for about two years before he went off: His clothes
cannot be particularly described, as he carried different kinds with him. He has
lived several years at Petersburg, part of his time with a Mr. Lauslet, in
Blandford,
and has been used to go
by
water
and
draying
in the town: — From
this he is well known by many watermen, that comes to Petersburg; he is also
a Sawyer and can do any plantation business. From information I received
soon after he run away, he was lurking about Norfolk and Princess Ann
counties, passing for a freeman, and was at Mr. Black' s at Kemps landing, and
hired himself to him, as a freeman, under the name of TOM CORN, which
name
he has taken from his
wife
Peggy
Corn, ( a free, dark mulattoe wench at
Petersburg) but his being informed by Mr. Black, that a gentleman and lady
from Petersburgwhom the said fellow is well known) were to be out there
to w om
e
the next day to dinner, he disappeared the next morning from Mr. Black' s
service. Sometime after my hearing that my fellow was down about Norfolk,
his wife abovementioned, went down there likewise; on my enquiring after
her, was informed that some of her companions said, she was gone to Norfolk,
to live with her brother Tom ( which is my fellow, her husband) from this, it
plainly appears that it was a scheme agreed upon by them both, before hand,
to go off in this manner. If they should be found together his wife will partly
convict him ( should
they
even change
their
names,)
as they have been man
and wife for several years past, and she has never had a child. She is a stout,
strong, thick made wench, and her colour nearly as dark as common negroes
are. I will give FIVE POUNDS reward, for his being taken and well secured in
in the Norfolk gaol [ jail], so that I get him again. JOHN THEWATT. July
irons
1, 1790."
Norfolk and Portsmouth Chronicle
August 14, 1790, p. 4, col. 3.
�1790,
13
July
Westmoreland County, Va.
Jesse
carpenter
Hall Dr. To Carpenter
Nomony
Day
Book (
1790,
July
June
Jesse
for 5 Chickens
8, 1790 - November 26, 1792),
at 4d
0. 1. 8"
Robert Carter
22
Papers ( LC).
Williamsburg, Va.
Nat
bricklayer, plasterer, carpenter (?)
James Anderson Dr.
To 2 days work of Nat
frame 8/ -
building
a
Wall putting in
a
door frame &
window
8-"
Humphrey
Harwood
Account
Book, Ledger C ( CWF).
Harwood
was a
Williamsburg mason.
see above July 24, 1786 and below March 1, 1792, November 17, 1793, April
26, 1794, May 1, 1794, May 29, 1794)
August 7
1790,
James City County, Va.
Caesar
carpenter
THE Subscriber has taken up on his plantation, upon the western branch, a
Negro BOY, who says he came from James town, that he was born free and
was bound apprentice to a Mr. Barrot House, a carpenter near James town: He
is about 5 feet high, well made and active, and appears to be about sixteen
years of age, he calls himself Caesar; when taken up he was almost naked. The
owner
of said
VEALE,
Jun.
boy may get
August
him
by applying
and paying
charges.
WILLIAM
7, 1790."
Norfolk and Portsmouth Chronicle August 28, 1790, p. 4, col. 3.
1790, August 12
New Kent County, Va.
Caesar
carpenter,
sawyer;
mower,
shoemaker
Ran away from the subscriber, since the month of April, 1788, a negro man
called CAESAR, a strong made fellow, rather short and thick, about 40 years of
age, he is a sawyer, a carpenter, a shoemaker, and a remarkable good mower,
he is
a
strong headed
sensible
fellow,
has
a
rough face, with
a
scar
on
the right
�side; he will probably pass for a freeman or has a forged pass; he is, or has
been, harboured near one of Col. Bassett' s quarters, in King William, where he
had
formerly a wife ... [ ten pounds reward for Caesar or another slave, Barret]
L. A. PAULY. Diascum- Bridge, New Kent county, August 12, 1790."
Virginia Independent
Chronicle and General Advertiser
August 18, 1790.
see also above April 24, 1788)
1790,
August 26
Essex County, Va.
Bob
house carpenter; blacksmith
Forty Dollars Reward. RAN AWAY, on the 15th Inst. from the Subscribers,
living in Essex County, Rappahannock River, Virginia, Two NEGRO MEN
SLAVES, named BOB and MARLBOROUGH.
BOB is about 26 Years of Age, a
large able- bodied Fellow, but very lame in his right Leg, owing to a Hurt
when a Child; when he walks, his Toes, on the lame Leg, are turned very
much out to the right, on his left shin Bone, he has a Lump nearly as big as an
Egg, occasioned by the Cut of an Axe -- his Feet are uncommonly large, he has
a long Visage, and not a very agreeable Countenance; his Complexion is not of
the blackest Hue; the many scars upon his Back will fully evince him to be a
very great Villain. He is, by trade, both a rough House- Carpenter and a
Blacksmith; he is very fond of playing upon the Fiddle, and can both read and
write a little. MARLBOROUGH is a very tall lusty Fellow, about 32 Years of
Age, of a very black Complexion, his Lips rather thicker than common, looks
well, and has no shew of Villany. They had a Variety of Clothes, which cannot
be fully described; it is supposed they are gone to Maryland, where they will
endeavour to pass for free Men. Whoever will apprehend the said Runaways,
and have them secured in any Gaol [ jail],
so that we can get them again, shall
have the sum of FIFTEEN DOLLARS for each of them; and TWENTY
DOLLARS
Reward
for each, if delivered to
us.
JOHN MONTAGUE, JOHN
OWEN. August 26, 1790."
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser September 3, 1790.
1790, October
15
Richmond,
Va.
John
sawyer; blacksmith
RUN AWAY, a Negro fellow, by the name of JOHN who has for these three
or four years past, lived with Mr. William Gaddy, Mr. Francis Gaddy, and
lately with me, the subscriber, Blacksmiths in the city of Richmond, and
worked at the trade; he also saws pretty well. He is short fellow, yellow
complexion,
and
pock- marked,
lame in both feet, but his left foot in particular
�has a twist in it, and is sore at the bottom; he always walks with a short stick,
which he seems to bear a good deal of weight upon; had on, when he went
away, a short coat, homespun linen shirt, and long trousers of the same; he
always wears shoes on account of his feet. Whoever will take up the said
fellow and return him to me, or confine him so that I can get him, shall have a
reward of THREE POUNDS, besides all necessary charges paid. BENJAMIN
NORRIS. Richmond, Oct. 15, 1790."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser October 20, 1790.
1790,
October
16
Richmond County, Va.
Peter
hewer, sawyer; ditcher, scytheman
Fifty Dollars Reward. RAN- AWAY a Negro Man, named PETER, a stout well
made black fellow, between 20 and 30 years old, about 5 feet 10 inches high,
supposed to weigh two hundred, he has a full face, thick under lip, and
stammers in speech generally, but more so when surprized or spoken to
suddenly; his clothes uncertain, as it is expected they are changed; he is by
trade a Ditcher, but can also hew, and saw at the whip saw or use the sythe in
the fields; he is fond of conversing on religion, and professes to be of the
Baptist church; is a very cunning artful fellow, and it is probable has changed
his name. The said Peter was sold about 3 or 4 years ago by one Harris or
Harrison
a native of Ireland, to Mr. William Graham of Northumberland
county, and sometime after by said Graham to William Siffel, of whom the
subscriber in December last purchased the said negro Peter, who had some
time before absconded from the said Siffel, and was then out, and has not
since been heard of. A few months after Peter' s elopement, his first mentioned
master, Harris or Harrison,
the Irishman,
also went off in such a manner that
no intelligence can be had of him. It is suspected those two fellows have joined
themselves together again, and if a second sale has not already taken place,
that it is their design for Peter to be sold as often as they find it convenient,
and are either of them in want of money. Whoever may take up the said Peter,
and will deliver him to the subscriber in Richmond county, state of Virginia, if
taken out of the state, shall receive the above reward, but if taken within the
state, ten pounds, exclusive of what the law allows. VINCENT REDMAN. N. B.
All masters of vessels and others are forewarned harbouring of carrying him
off at their peril. Oct. 16, 1790."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser October 27, 1790.
1791,
June
Isaac
carpenter
Fairfax County, Va.
�Memorandum
of
Work to Be Done ...
Building a Necessary, with
two Seats for the use of the New Quarter; It may be shingled with, old
Shingles, and weatherboarded with old plank ripped off the old Quarter. Isaac
knows where it is to be placed."
John
Carpentry
C. Fitzpatrick,
1799 list of
ed.,
Mount Vernon and
1792
and
The Writings of George Washington XXXI: 307. In the
XXXVII: 256- 261) Isaac is recorded
slaves (
as "
as "
Isaac ... Carpr." at
Head Carpr." in Diaries V: 83 ( December
23, 1786).
Fairfax County, Va.
earlier
It was very much the practise with Gentlemen of landed and Slave Estates in
the interior
of Virginia,
within themselves;
to
so to organize
on
employ
them as to have considerable
pay but few
tradesmen &
resources
to buy little or
none of the coarse Stuffs and materials used by them, and this practise became
stronger and more general during the long period of the Revolutionary War
which in great measure cut off the means of supply from elsewhere. Thus my
Father [George Mason ( 1725- 1792) 1 had among his slaves Carpenters, Coopers,
Sawyers, Blacksmiths, Tanners, Curriers, Shoemakers, Spinners, Weavers &
Knitters,
and even a Distiller.
Carpenters
all the
and Coopers ...
dwelling-
His woods
furnished
His carpenters
Timber
and Plank for the
and sawyers built and kept in repair
Houses, barns, Stables, Ploughs, Harrows, Gates &
c., on the
Plantations and the out- houses at the Home House."
The Recollections
of Gen.
John
Mason
Pertaining
to
Gunston
Hall" ( Gunston
Hall).
1792,
January
7
York County, Va.
John
carpenter;
cooper
Committed to the jail of this city, on Tuesday the 3d instant, A NEGRO MAN
who calls himself JOHN, and says he belonged to Col. WILLIAM DIGGS of
York County, and was sold to a Mr. SLOTT of Charlotte County about six
years
ago,
and has been runing
at large
ever
since. -
He is a stout made fellow
about 5 feet 10 inches high, about 40 years of age, and by trade a Carpenter
and Cooper. His owner is desired to come, pay charges and take him away,
from JOHN FENTON, Jailor.
WILLIAMSBURG,
Virginia
Gazette and
Jan. 7, 1792."
Weekly
Advertiser
February
24, 1792,
p. 3, col. 2.
�1792,
February
and
James
1
Westmoreland County, Va.
James
bricklayer and carpenter
on this Day R. C. authorised the following negroes, to bargain for
themselves, during the present year, 1792, vizt. Nat, Cartman of this place,
James, Bricklayer, James, Carpenter, George Cooper, Glocester Billy, Tom
Butcher, all of this place. - Tom Walker & Polly of Taurus [ plantation], Daniel
Gabriel of Gemini,
Dinah &
Jesse
Primus of Forest
Quarter, -
Jerry of Cancer in Richmond -
Barbara of Old Ordinary Plantation"
Day Book ( June 8, 1790 - November 26, 1792), Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
see October 26, 1781, May 11, 1782, December 11, 1784, May 22, 1786, July 10,
1787, August 24, 1789, February 13, 1792)
1792,
February
Westmoreland County, Va.
13
James
bricklayer
Negroe James Bricklayer, Agrees to Rent the House at Aries [ plantation] lately
by Woosoncroft & 1/ 2 Acre of Ground & to pay for the House and
occupied
Lot 3. 0. 0•
Also to Hire his
1
wife
Eve, his Son Solomon
year old, to Victual &
Clothe
all of said
5 years old &
negroes &
their Daughter Polly
pay the Taxes &
Levies,
and to pay Hire for Eve 2. 15 - "
Day Book ( June 8, 1790 - November 26, 1792), Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
see October 26, 1781, May 11, 1782, December 11, 1784, May 22, 1786, July 10,
1787,
August 24, 1789, February 1, 1792)
March 1
1792,
Williamsburg (?),
Na.
Jerry and Nat
bricklayers, plasterers
Charles
Hunt Dr.
To 3 days work of
Jerry building
Cellar Steps & mending plasterg - 12 - "
James Davis Dr.
To 8 days work of Nat
a
4/
whitewashing & mending plaistering, grates & c.
1. 12 -"
Humphrey Harwood
Williamsburg mason.
see
above
September
Account Book, Ledger C ( CWF).
6, 1783,
July
24, 1786,
July
Harwood was a
22, 1790,
November
17, 1793,
�April 26, 1794, May 1, 1794, May 29, 1794)
1792,
4
May
Willoby
Westmoreland County, Va.
carpenter
Negroe
clear -
Prince -
18 Inches
Carpenter -
Day
Book (
Senior wants a Trough to beat Tanners bark 6 feet long in the
6 Inches Deep R. C. directed Prince to inform Willoby
wide &
to get a Trough of the above Dimentions immediately"
June
8, 1790 - November 26, 1792),
Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
see January 1, 1782, May 22, 1786, December 29, 1786)
1792,
June
26 and 27
Orange County, Va.
Joe
mason
Majr Moores Joe was here plastering the Dairy."
Joe finished plaistering dairy and went away about 8 or 9 o' clock. My father
let him have 31/ 2 yds brown linen for his work."
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
see below May 18, 22 and 23, 1798 and May 25- 28 and 30, 1798)
1792,
July
2
Richmond County, Va.
Bob
house carpenter, joiner and carpenter; wheelwright
BOB, about 5 feet 3 or 4 inches high, upwards of 30 years of age, large limbs,
a strong, well made, active Negro man slave, ranaway the 26th of May last: He
is a compleat Wheelwright and house carpenter, and a tolerable good joiner
and carpenter; he formerly belonged to Mr. John Wormeley, deceased, and
lived in York county, between the city of Williamsburg and York Town,
removed to Lancaster county, from where he run away in 1789, was taken up
about the North mountain, passing as a free man, he was delivered to Capt.
John Edmonds, of Fauquier county, who hired him until the close of the last
year. - He is pert, smooth tongued sensible, and very artful, fond of dressing
in fine cloaths and ruffled shirts and has a variety of cloaths. I expect he has a
pass, and will endeavour to pass as a free man. I have some reason to think he
will endeavour to get to Pennsylvania, or some other of the northern states. I
will, besides what the law allows, give a genteel reward to any person who
will apprehend
and deliver
the
said
negro
to
me
at this
place,
or
secure
him
so
�that I can get him again, according to the distance he may be taken up from
home. All persons are hereby forewarned from harbouring or employing the
said negro, or carrying him out of the state either by land or water, as they
will be dealt with to the utmost rigor of the law. GRIFFIN GARLAND.
Virginia, Richmond County, July 2, 1792."
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser July 12, 1792, p. 3, col. 4.
see below March
1792,
11,
1793 and April
10, 1794)
Westmoreland County, Va.
August 28
When the Carpenters return from the Old Ordinary [ quarter] they are to go to
s & run up a pair of Stairs in the dwelling House & make 2
Mr. Spearman'
Closets"
Day
1792,
Book (
June
September
8, 1790 -
November 26, 1792),
Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
Petersburg, Va.
11
Jack
carpenter
Ten Dollars Reward. RUN AWAY the fourth inst. September, from the
subscriber living in Petersburg, a Negro Fellow, named JACK, about five feet
nine or ten inches high, about 30 years of age, of a black complexion, a down
look when spoken to, and is by trade a CARPENTER; he can read, and being a
very artful fellow, will no doubt use every means to prevent his being
discovered -- he is well acquainted in Gloucester county, as he once belonged
to Sir John Peyton, and he is also well acquainted in Fredericksburg, where he
served his time and has a wife. His cloathing when he went away was an
Osnaburg jacket and trowsers, but had a variety of other clothes, such as a
blue cloth short coat, blue cloth
overalls,
a
suit of
negro
cloath, &
c. --
Whoever
will secure him in any jail, so that I get him again, shall have the above
reward, and all reasonable charges paid if brought home. All masters of
vessels and others are forewarned from harbouring or carrying him out of the
state, as they shall answer the same at their peril. ALEXANDER ROSE.
Petersburg, September 11, 1792."
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser October 25, 1792, p. 3, col. 4.
1792,
November
4
Tom] Davis, Muclus, Sims
bricklayers and
carpenter
Fairfax County, Va.
�George Washington to Anthony Whiting:
I think you had better turn Sam and George over to the Gardener, that their
work may appear in his Report. And Davis and Nuclus [ sic] in like manner to
Thomas] Green. Sims also if you think he had better remain with the
Carpenters. This will simplify the Mansion house report greatly, and let me see
more clearly what that gang are employed in."
John
C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings
Green
of
was
slaves (
as "
a
free,
white
overseer
XXXVII: 256- 261),
Tom Davis ...
of
George Washington
of Washington'
Nuclus is recorded
B: layr." and
Sims
as "
s
as "
Simms ....
XXXII:
carpenters.
204.
Thomas
In the 1799 list
W. Muclus ... B: layr.," Davis
Carpr.," all at Mount Vernon.
see above April 17, 28, 29 and May 26, 1788, March 31, 1789 and below
November 4, 1792, March 3, 1793, December 22, 1793, August 3, 1794,
September 21, 1794, November 5, 1796)
1792,
November 8
Fredericksburg, Va.
THE Subscriber will take three or four boys, about 14 years of age, as
Apprentices
to
the House Carpenter
and
Joiner' s
business -
Blacks
would be
preferred. RICH' d GARNER"
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser 8 November 1792, p. 3, col. 4.
1792,
December
16
Fairfax County, Va.
Isaac
carpenter
George Washington to Anthony Whiting:
If Isaac had his deserts, he wd. receive a severe punishment for the House,
Tools, and seasoned stuff which has been burned by his carelessness. He must
have left the fire in a very unjustifiable situation, or have been a fine time
absent from it, for such an accident to have happened before it was too late to
have extinguished it. I wish you to inform him, that I sustain injury enough by
their idleness; they need not add to it by their carelessness. The present workshop ( Barn) will do very well; at least ' till there is more leizure [ sic] for
altering that, or erecting another."
John
C. Fitzpatrick, ed.,
1799 list of
slaves (
Mount Vernon and
see above
June
The Writings of George Washington XXXII: 263. In the
XXXVII: 256- 261)
as "
Isaac is recorded
Head Carpr." in Diaries
1791 and below
January
as "
Isaac ... Carpr." at
V: 83 ( December
19, 1794 and
February
23, 1786).
7, 1796)
�December 20
1792,
Orange County, Va.
Moses
carpenter
I walked to the Quarter, Moses about framing a house there."
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
see above February 27, 1787 and below December 26, 28 and 31, 1792)
1792,
December 26, 28 and 31
Orange County, Va.
Moses
carpenter
I agreed to give Carpenter Moses for working on Overseers house 1/ 3 per
day in holidays and he went to work."
Raised a house intended for overseer to live in. Carpenter Moses at work
upon it."
I came by Mr. T. Bells, who agreed to let Robin come here tomorrow to get
boards to finish the house begun for the Overseer, Moses is to go tomorrow to
Mr. John Waughs who has hired him of his master ... paid Carpenter Moses
for working 4 days in the holidays on the overseers house 5/-"
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
see above February 27, 1787)
1793
Fairfax County, Va.
Articles of Agreement between George Washington and a Westmoreland
County carpenter-joiner, who "for the wages and other considerations hereafter
mentioned, doth oblige himself and four Negro Carpenters belonging to him,
who he engages to be
good workmen ... to serve the said George Washington
one year from the time they shall enter upon the execution of their duties at
Mount Vernon ...
That he will besides attending to his own, superintend all
such Negro Carpenters belonging to the said George Washington as shall be
placed under his care and direction; and to the utmost of his skill and
industry, so order and contrive the work for the whole, or any part thereof, as
to carry it on to the best advantage and with the greatest facility. That he will
be particularly attentive as well to the conduct of his own as to such other
Carpenters as may be entrusted to him, suffering no idleness when they are in
health, nor no neglect of them when sick. That he will cause proper care to be
111
taken of the Tools, and see them forthcoming whenever called; or a satisfactory
account
rendered of
them
if
they
are
not.
That
he will
enter
in
a
book to be
�kept for that purpose an acct of all the Work which has been done by himself
and the Carpenters over whom he is placed, and report the same weekly. That
he will never be away from his people when they are at work and he is in
health; nor be absent from his duty without permission from the said George
Washington or his Manager; but on the contrary, by close attention, and in
industrious conduct, will set an example to them worthy of imitation ...."
salary £ 10 per month plus food, housing, tools; carpenter " to provide his own
bed and necessaries; as also such kind of beddin as he chuses to allow his own
Negros."
John
C. Fitzpatrick, ed.,
The Writings of George Washington XXXIII: 221- 224.
see above November 4, 1792 and below March 3, 1793, October 21, 1793,
August 3, 1794, September 21, 1794, September 28, 1794)
1793,
March
3
Fairfax County, Va.
Gabriel and Reuben
carpenters
George Washington to Anthony Whiting:
And let the two Carpenters ( Gabriel and Reuben) belonging to that Estate
George Augustine Washington' s] if not otherwise disposed of by the orders of
their Mistress, join mine under [ Thomas] Green; and an account taken of the
time it happens, that the said Estate may be paid for the hire of them.
I am as apprehensive as you can be, that Green never will overcome his
propensity to drink; that it is this which occasions his frequent sicknesses;
absences from work, and poverty. And I am convinced, moreover, that it
answers no purpose to admonish him. But if the work in hand cannot be
carried on without a head to execute it, and no other presents in whom
confidence can be placed, there is no alternative but to keephim; u ess
unless
he
should get too bad to be longer borne with; and even then, a house so framed
as the Dogue run Barn is intended to be ought not to be entrusted to my
Negro Carpenters or any other bungler."
George Washington to William Augustine Washington:
Do you hire any of your Negro Carpenters by the year? or do you know who
is in the habit of doing, or would do it? Having work on hand and in the
prospect that I wish to have compleated as soon as it is conveniently possible,
I would hire two, four, or Six if they are good common workmen and who are
orderly and well disposed people. Your answer to these queries, with the
precise terms on which they could be obtained, if to be had at all, would very
much oblige Your etc."
John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington XXXII: 365, 370.
Thomas Green was a free, white overseer of Washington' s carpenters.
see
above
April 17, 28, 29 and
May
26,
1788, November 4, 1792 and below
�August 3, 1794, September 21, 1794)
1793, March 11
Richmond County, Va.
Bob and Duke, alias Doctor
house carpenter, joiner; wheelwright, cooper
and carpenter, sawyer; cooper
TEN POUNDS
REWARD,
FOR apprehending two
runaways: -
BOB, about 5
feet, 3 or 4 inches high, upwards of 30 years of age, large limbs, well made,
strong and active negro man slave, run away the 26th of May, 1792: He is a
wheelwright and house carpenter, compleat: a tolerable good joiner and
cooper. This man was advertised in Mr. Green' s papers last summer. DUKE, sometimes calls himself DOCTOR, about 5 feet 10 inches high, stout,
strong, and very able- bodied, big eyes, speaks loud, about the same age of
Bob, and run away the 16th of July, 1792: He is a good sawyer, and pretends
to the
carpenter
and
cooper' s
business. -
Duke went to Lancaster county where
I first got him from, and from thence into the county of Fauquier, where Bob
went to when he left me in May. In December last, they were both seen
together in the neighbourhood of Ashby' s gap, where Bob has a wife, having
been hired some time to Capt. John Edmonds of that county. They call
themselves brothers, tho' they are not, and will endeavour to pass a free
people, and may get a forged pass; are fond of fine dress, and have a variety
of clothes that I cannot describe. Bob is the same man that runaway about the
year 1789, advertised by Mrs. Burnwell, was taken up about the North
Mountain, and delivered to Capt. John Edmonds, who hired him until the
close
of the year 1791 -
I expect they will visit Alexandria. I will give the above
reward for them both, if secured so that I get them again, or if delivered to me
at this place, and six shillings per day travelling, if taken up over one hundred
miles from me, or in proportion for either. All persons are forewarned from
harbouring or employing said negro slaves, or carrying them out of the state,
as they will be dealt with to the utmost rigour of the law. GRIFFIN
GARLAND. State of Virginia, Richmond county, Totuskey, March 11th, 1793."
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser March 28, 1793, p. 3, col. 4.
see above July 2, 1792 and below April 10, 1794)
1793, April 3
Louisa County, Va.
Jasper
carpenter
RUN away from the Subscriber, the 31st ult. an African Negro named
JASPER, by trade a carpenter, speaks very plain English, as he came young
into the country. He is about 50 years of age, and I think about 5 feet 5 or 6 .
inches in height, short limb' d and well
made
for strength; he
can
read
�tolerably well, and is both sensible and very artful; he has a surly countenance,
especially if offended, and is of a morose temper, fond of liquor, and when
drunk is very turbulent; has had the small- pox, for which he was inoculated,
and is a little marked with it in his face; he has also a remarkable scar above
half round his neck, given by a knife in a scuffle he had with another Negro
some
time
cloth,
long
past. - The dress he went off in is uncertain; he took with him two
coats, one with short skirts, a drab coloured duffle; the other a white Virginia
skirted;
whatever
other
articles
is
unknown. -
I make no doubt but
he will endeavour to pass for a free man, and is most probable will endeavour
to get into some of the northern states, in order to facilitate his escape; I
procured some forged pass or writing. - Any person who will
believe he has
apprehend the said runaway within the state, and deliver him to me, shall
receive
a
reward
of TEN POUNDS -
and if without the state TWENTY.
FRANCIS JERDONE. Louisa county, April 3, 1793."
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser April 18, 1793, p. 4, col. 3.
1793,
June
25
Caroline County, Va.
Charles
carpenter,
sawyer
RAN AWAY from the subscriber, living in Caroline county, near Bull- Church
A Negro man named Charles: of a yellowish complexion, about 25 years of
age, 5 feet 10 inches high, well made, is a tolerable good carpenter, and a very
good sawyer, and can read midling well; it is probable he may have got a
pass. -
Had on when he went away, a pair of black velvet breeches, red striped
jacket, brown linen shirt, new hat with a midling deep crown, besides many
other clothes -
I will give EIGHT DOLLARS to any person who will deliver
him to me; or secure him in any gaol [ jail] so that I get him again. All masters
of vessels and others are forbid harbouring said slave at their peril.
TAVERNOR WISDOM. June 25, 1793."
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser July 18, 1793, p. 3, col.
1793, August
18
Fairfax County, Va.
Isaac; [ Tom] Davis
carpenter;
bricklayer
George Washington to Howell Lewis:
Unless Isaac is engaged about things, the execution of which cannot be
delayed, order him, and whoever is with him, to join Thos. Green [ overseer of
the carpenters];
and the whole of them to stick to the Barn at Dogue Run until
it is compleated. It appears to me that the whole, or greatest part of the time of
these people,
is employed about
one
nonsensical
job
or
another;
which is the
�very thing Green is delighted with, as they afford him a pretext to be idle or to
be employed in matters which more immediately relate to himself. I wish this
may not be the case also with Isaac as I find he is very desirous of getting by
himself
always ...
Davis, any more than the Carpenters, ought not to be taken
from the above work for every little trifle that might as well be done by that
lazy scoundrel Charles; who might as well be employed in white washing,
Painting, or putting up Bedsteads, as to take Green or him, for these
purposes."
John
C. Fitzpatrick,
is identified
as "
ed.,
The Writings of George Washington XXXIII: 52-53. Isaac
Head Carpr." in Diaries V: 83 ( Decmeber 23, 1786).
see above February 18, 1786, August 18, 1786, April 17, 28, 29 and May 26,
1788, March 31, 1789, December 6- 12, 1789, January 3- 9, 1790, June 1791,
November 4, 1792, December 16, 1792, 1793, March 3, 1793, and below August
25, 1793, October 21, 1793, December 22, 1793, January 19, 1794, August 3,
1794, September 21, 1794, February 7, 1796, November 5, 1796, November 1,
1798)
1793,
August 25
Fairfax County, Va.
George Washington to Howell Lewis:
I again desire that T. Green [ overseer of the carpenters] may be made with the
other Carpenters ( except in cases that cannot be dispensed
with) to stick to the
New Barn; Putting a single light into a window is an excuse for the loss of a
day' s work; and while these pretenses are furnished him or indeed any of the
rest, I shall have his reports stuffed with nothing but trifling jobs that turn to
no acct."
John
C. Fitzpatrick,
ed.,
see above November
The Writings of George Washington XXXIII: 64.
4, 1792, 1793, March 3, 1793, August 18, 1793 and below
October 21, 1793, December 22, 1793, August 3, 1794, September 21, 1794,
September 28, 1794)
1793, October
21
George Washington
Fairfax County, Va.
to William Augustine Washington:
As one of Mr. Stone' s carpenters is a White lad, and two of them but green
hands, I decline employing them. I have already more white people about my
house than are governed properly in my absence, tho' for the sake of getting
an honest, skilful and industrious person to superintend my carpenters I
would have added one more, Two is too many; especially as one of Negroe' s
as well as the White lad) can have but little knowledge of the trade they
profess."
�John
C. Fitzpatrick,
ed.,
The Writings of George Washington XXXIII: 134.
see above November 4, 1792, 1793, March 3, 1793 and August 3, 1794,
September 21, 1794, Setpember 28, 1794)
1793, November 17
Williamsburg, Va.
Nat
bricklayer, plasterer
Dr. John Galt Dr.
To 2 days Hire of Nat in plastering & setting up Grates
Humphrey Harwood
Williamsburg mason.
Account
Book, Ledger D ( CWF).
-
8-"
Harwood was a
see above July 24, 1786, July 22, 1790, March 1, 1792 and below April 26, 1794,
May 1, 1794, May 29, 1794)
1793,
December
11
James City County, Va.
Jerry
sawyer;
blacksmith
RUN AWAY From the subscriber some time in July last, a Negro man named
JERRY, About 28 or 30 years old, WHO I have reason to believe has been
lurking about the city of Richmond, as he is related to several negroes living in
that place; he is a middle sized well made fellow, rather of a light complexion,
and combs his hair neatly back, has a very large navel, and as well as I
remember has a scar on one of his thighs occasioned by a burn, and generally
of a smiling countenance; he is an excellent sawyer, and can work a little at the
blacksmiths trade. I have understood he has obtained by some means, a
certificate of manumission, consequently passes as a free man, under a
fictitious name. I have understood that he solicited a Captain Potts, for a
passage to Philadelphia, where he wishes to go. I will give a reward of five
pounds to any person who will deliver the said negro to me at Barretts ferry,
on Chickahominy river, if taken in this state, or ten pounds if taken out of the
state, or if committed to jail, ten dollars, provided he is so secured that I get
him; and do forwarn all masters of vessels from taking the said fellow on
board, as well as every other person or persons from carrying him out of the
state. ISHAM CHRISTIAN. December 11th, 1793."
Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser December 13, 1793, p. 3, col. 2.
1793,
December 22
Thomas
Davis
bricklayers
and Muclus
Fairfax County, Va.
�George Washington to William Pearce:
Thomas Davis and Muclus must, however be considered as among the
tradesmen; and when not employed in making and laying of Bricks and other
jobs in that way may be aiding the Carpenters."
John C.
Fitzpatrick,
1799 list of
and Muclus
as "
ed., The Writings
of
George
W. Muclus ...
XXXIII: 199.
Washington
XXXVII: 256- 261) Davis is recorded
slaves (
as "
Tom
In the
Davis ... B: layr."
B: layr.," both at Mount Vernon.
see above April 17, 28, 29 and May 26, 1788, March 31, 1789, November 4,
1792 and below November 5, 1796)
1794,
January
19
Fairfax County, Va.
Isaac
carpenter
George Washington to William Pearce:
You may keep Isaac and the boy Joe, constantly employed about the Carts,
Plows, Harrows &
ca.,
until they are in order. Let stuff, however, be always in
the Barn that the other Carpenters may work upon when the weather will not
permit them to be out. What are Mrs. Fanny Washington' s Carpenters
employed about that they should ( altho' hired by my) be withdrawn from
mine so long. All I know they had to do, was, out of the materials of an old
Tobacco house, to make a shed for her plow horses. Ask Tayler what more
than this they have done, and by whose authority?"
John
C. Fitzpatrick,
ed.,
The Writings of George Washington XXXIII: 244- 245. In
the 1799 list of slaves ( XXXVII: 256- 261)
Mount Vernon and
as "
Isaac is recorded
as "
Isaac ... Carpr." at
Head Carpr." in Diaries V: 83 ( December 23, 1786).
see above June 1791, December 16, 1792 and below February 7, 1796)
1794,
March 18
Spotsylvania County, Va.
Reuben
carpenter,
sawyer
FIVE POUNDS REWARD. RUNAWAY from the subscriber, in this county, a
Negro man named REUBEN, about 25 years of age, about 5 feet 8 or 10 inches
high, a bright skin and thin visage, has lost one of his upper fore teeth; his
clothes cannot be described, as he has sundry suits. He is a good sawyer and
carpenter, was hired to Mr. Nicholas Voss in the city of Richmond, last year,
and continued
till the expiration of his limited time, which was the 25th of
December last, from which time and place he eloped. He was seen at Major
John W. Willis' s about three weeks after Christmas, and it is supposed he is
lurking in this county near the borders of Fredericksburg, or has made his way
�towards
the northern states. --
from
I forewarn all owners and masters of vessels,
negro
on board. -harbouring
taking
I will give the above
reward to any person that will deliver the said negro to me, or secure him in
gaol [ jail] so that I get him again. STEPHEN JOHNSTON. Spotsylvania, March
or
the said
18, 1794."
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser April 17, 1794, p. 3, col. 3.
1794, March 31
New Kent County, Va.
John
carpenter; sawyer
RUNAWAY from my plantation near this city, a tall stout, likely, sensible
black negro man named JOHN, the property of Mr. Armistead Russel, of New
Kent; he pretends to be a sawyer, and a carpenter, but I believe him skilled in
except
he had on when he went away, a dark green coat and
new gray cloth for another, in other respects tolerably well clad. I expect he is
nothing
some
where
villany --
in the
counties
of New- Kent,
or
James City --
he has a wife below
New- Kent Court- House. I will give TEN DOLLARS REWARD to any person
who will deliver him to the Goaler [ jailer] of this city. HENRY BANKS.
Richmond, March 31, 1794."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser April 2, 1794, p. 3, col. 4.
1794,
April 10
Richmond County, Va.
Bob and Duke
house carpenter; cooper, wheelwright
and sawyer; cooper
45 Dollars Reward, besides what the law allows. BOB and DUKE, two
runaways. -
They were particularly described in the advertisements published
in Mr. Green' s paper July 1792, in the same paper March 1793; also in Mr.
Angell'
s
Baltimore paper April
following. - BOB run away the 26th of May
1792; he is an extraordinary good house carpenter, cooper and wheelwright; is
a very active, artful and sensible black fellow, short and stout made, I suppose
him to be upwards of 30 years of age. He run away about the year 1789, when
he belonged to Mrs. Burwell, was apprehended about the North mountain and
delivered to capt. John Edwards of Fauquier county ( where he has a wife) who
hired him until the close of the year 1791, tho' not brought home until the
April following; it is supposed he is lurking in that neighbourhood, or among
the mountains.
DUKE run away July 1792: He is a good sawyer and pretends to the coopers
business; has big eyes, is a stout strong fellow, about the age of Bob; he was
apprehended
near
Lancaster
court-
house
the 7th of September
last, and about
�midnight of that day brought home; he made his escape out of the hands of
the people that brought him at my door, a few minutes after he came; he is
very fat, and well cloathed in good mixed Virginia cloth, coat, waistcoat and
breeches; since then he has been detected stealing corn in that county; a
gentleman of undoubted character saw him at large armed with a gun, and
has threatened those who informed of his stealing the corn. The few minutes
he stayed, he told me he had been about col. Gaskins' in Northumberland
county, and in the county of Middlesex, I suppose about Brandon and Rosegill,
the seats of Messrs. Grymes and Wormeley. Both these negroes formerly
belonged to Mr. John Wormeley of Lancaster county, late deceased. Bob stayed
with me about six weeks, the other about six months. I well know they had no
cause to complain of ill treatment in any respect whatever, and am satisfied
the object of their going is to compel me to hire or sell them, as many a
applications have been made, I will do neither till they return to a sense of
their duty. I have reason to suspect they are harboured and employed by some
ill disposed persons: On conviction of the offenders, I will give Fifteen Dollars
for Bob, Twenty Dollars for Duke, Ten Dollars if apprehended and secured in
any gaol [ jail] so that I get them again; or if brought home and delivered to me
at this place,
what
the
law
allows
over
and
above
the
reward. -
I expect they
will get passes and endeavour to pass as free people. All persons are
forewarned carrying them out of the state at their peril. GRIFFIN GARLAND.
Richmond county, Totuskey, April 10, 1794."
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser April 17, 1794, p. 3, col. 4.
see above July 2, 1792 and March 11, 1793)
1794,
April 23
Prince Edward County, Va.
Lewis
joiner (?);
cabinetmaker
RUN away from the Subscriber, IN Prince- Edward county, the 20th of May,
1793, a negro man named LEWIS, about 32 or 33 years old, he is a very good
hand at the cabinet business, or inside work of houses; he has had one of this
thighs broke, which makes him limp when he walks, his fore teeth very short;
he took with him some tools, one pair of table plaines. I have some reason to
believe he has made towards the Western Government. I will give TWENTY
POUNDS REWARD if brought home, or TEN POUNDS if secured in any jail,
so that I get him again; and pay for giving me notice in this Gazette. DICK
HOLLAND."
Virginia
Gazette and General
Advertiser April
23, 1794, p. 1, col. 1.
�1794, April 26
Williamsburg, Va.
Nat
bricklayer, plasterer
St. George Tucker Dr.
To 1 1/ 2 days Hire of Nat mending
Harwood
Humphrey
Plastering & Lathing -
Account Book, Ledger D ( CWF).
6-"
Harwood
was a
Williamsburg mason.
see above July 24, 1786, July 22, 1790, March 1, 1792, November 17, 1793 and
below May 1, 1794, May 29, 1794)
1794,
May
1
Va.
Williamsburg (?),
Nat
bricklayer, plasterer
James Taylor Dr.
To 1 days Hire of Nat mending
Humphrey Harwood
Williamsburg mason.
411111
Account
oven
a
4/ &
Book, Ledger
3 Busl. [ bushel]
D ( CWF).
Lime
Harwood
a
9d -
6. 3"
was a
see above July 24, 1786, July 22, 1790, March 1, 1792, November 17, 1793,
April 26, 1794 and below May 29, 1794)
1794,
May
6
Richmond, Va.
Dick
carpenter
FIVE POUNDS REWARD. RUNAWAY on the 1st instant, DICK, a likely black
negro man, about twenty five years old, about 5 feet 10 inches high, a tolerable
good carpenter, has lately had the small pox; he has carried off with him a
band saw, jack and long planes, which are branded with the letters D. M.
burnt- in -- having a variety of clothes, it is
unnecessary to describe them. --
All
masters of vessels are forewarned from taking him out of the state, and others
from employing him. The above reward will be paid on delivery of said slave
to me in Richmond, and all lawful expences. DABNEY MINOR. May 6, 1794.
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser May 7, 1794, p. 3, col. 4.
see below April 15, 1796 and June 11, 1797)
1794,
May
28
Northumberland
James, alias James Darcas
sawyer;
blacksmith,
scytheman
County, Va.
�Five Guineas Reward. RAN AWAY from the subscriber, about the 5th of this
month, NEGRO JAMES, alias JAMES DARCAS; He is a stout fellow, of a
yellowish complexion, about 28 years of age - Has very large feet, and speaks
with a coarse imperious voice. He is by trade a blacksmith, but can saw very
well with a pit-saw, or cut grain with a scythe: I believe he can read and write,
and perhaps may have a forged pass. He had on and carried with him a blue
New- Market coat, a blue broad- cloth jacket, and corded breeches, He has other
apparel that I am unacquainted with. He eloped a few years ago, and was
employed in the State of Pensylvania as a labourer in the country, in the
season
of harvest,
and as a blacksmith
at other times in Philadelphia.
After
working a few days at his trade, he complains of a pain in his left wrist, which
he says was occasioned by a hurt he received in a fight, in the City of
Philadelphia. On a nice examination it may be discovered that he has lost a
small part of the rim of his ears. I will give the above reward to any person
that will deliver him to me, or secure him in jail so that I get him again. JOHN
GORDON. Northumberland County, May 28, 1794."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser June 25, 1794, p. 3, col. 3.
1794,
May
29
Williamsburg (?),
Va.
Nat
bricklayer, plasterer
Francis
Davenport
Dr.
To 1 days Hire of Nat repairing Well &
3 Bushl. [ bushel]
Lime
a
9d. -
6 3"
Humphrey Harwood Account Book, Ledger D ( CWF). Harwood was a
Williamsburg mason.
see above July 24, 1786, July 22, 1790, March 1, 1792, November 17, 1793,
April 26, 1794, May 1, 1794)
1794,
June
8
Fairfax County,. Va.
Tom] Davis
bricklayer
George
Washington
to William
Pearce:
concerning paving of cellar in house in Alexandria - "
smooth, and well burnt bricks in Town than to carry
You had better buy
up. - This job will
afford another week for Davis and his attendants; when one man, in this City,
them
would begin and finish it ( the materials being on the spot) in half a day. - "
Moncure Daniel
ed., " George Washington
and Mount Vernon,"
Memoirs
Historical
82. In the 1799 list of slaves
XXXVII:
of
the
Conway,
Long Island
256- 261)
Davis
is recorded
Society
as "
4 ( 1889):
Tom
Davis ... B: layr." at Mount
�Vernon.
see above April 17, 28, 29 and May 26, 1788, March 31, 1789, November 4,
1792, December
1794,
July
22, 1793 and below November
5, 1796)
11
Orange County, Va.
Davy
carpenter
M. Biggers &
Davy making new steps, which they finished before noon."
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
1794, August 3
Fairfax County, Va.
James; Muclus and [ Tom] Davis
carpenter; bricklayers
George Washington to William Pearce:
It seems to me, to be indispensibly necessary that some person should be
engaged in place of Thomas Green, to look after my Carpenters; for in the
manner they conduct under his Superintendancy, it would be for my interest
to set them free, rather than give them their victuals and cloaths. James, by the
Reports, has been 9 days I perceive, in plaining the floors of the house in
Town, Muclus ( besides what was done to it before) Six days paving, and
sanding the Cellar which a man in Philadelphia wd. have done in less than as
many hours. Davis eight or nine days papering, and so on; whilst Green
himself, and the others, appear determined ( as it would seem to me) to make
the new- house at Union farm a standing job for the Summer; as the Chimney,
and underpinning will, more than probably be, for Davis the sametime. When
this last work is done, that is, underpinning the house, it must be remembered
that air holes is left in it to prevent the Sleepers from rotting."
John
C. Fitzpatrick,
ed.,
The Writings of George Washington XXXIII: 454- 455. In
the 1799 list of slaves ( XXXVII: 256- 261)
Carpenter],"
Muclus
B: layr.," all at Mount
as "
James
is recorded
as "
James ...
Do
W. Muclus ... B: layr." and Davis as " Tom Davis ...
Vernon.
see above April 17, 128, 29 and May 26, 1788, March 31, 1789, November 4,
1792, December 22, 1793, June 8, 1794 and below March 20, 1796, November 5,
1796)
1794,
August 8
Jedel
carpenter
Nansemond County, Va.
�ID
Twenty Dollars Reward. RAN- Away on the 23d July last, a young stout St.
Domengo Negro Fellow, named JEDEL, about 25 years old, a carpenter by
trade, speaks a little English, but lisps when confused. He had on when he
went off, a blue cotton cloth coat, green striped vest, long sacking trousers,
shirt, and
white
an
old hat. - In a bundle
he had two white shirts, one of
which had a good deal of needle work on the wrists; a blanket, one pair linen
trouses, a tenant saw, and a pair of carpenter' s compasses. He was in
possession of a pass which I gave him to go in quest of a Negro boy, and had
five dollars in money. I have reason to suppose he is gone for Baltimore by
way of Petersburg and Richmond. The above reward will be given if delivered
to me at my plantation, and half that sum if committed to the jails of
or
Petersburg, by Messrs. Mitchell & Gardner, Richmond and James
Thorburn & Co.,
Petersburg. WILLIAM SCHUTTE. Nansemond County,
Richmond
Milner' s, August
8, 1794."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser August 20, 1794, p. 3, col. 3.
August 25
1794,
Richmond,
Va.
Lewy or Lewis
planer, sawyer
TEN DOLLARS REWARD, FOR apprehending and delivering to me in
Richmond, LEWY, or LEWIS, a very likely black Negro Man, about 25 years
old, he was raised in the Hanover estate of the late General Nelson, where he
may probably go; he has lately had the small- pox by inoculation, which has
in his left arm -a scar
he is stout and strong, he speaks rather slow, than
otherwise; he has latterly been employed at the whip- saw, and in rough
left
plaining. All persons, of every description, are forbid to employ him, and all
masters of vessels from carrying him out of the state. DABNEY MINOR.
August
25, 1794."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser October 8, 1794, p. 4, col. 3.
1794,
September
28
George Washington
Fairfax County, Va.
to William
Pearce:
Since writing to you this day week, I have engaged a Scotchman, just arrived
in this
Country,
in the place of [ Thomas]
Green [ overseer of
not expect much from him as an overlooker;
carpenters].
I do
that is, I do not believe he will
carry much authority among my negro carpenters, as he appears to be a
simple, inoffensive man; and because, that of House Carpentry or Joinery, is
not his profession; but as he has the character of a very honest, sober, and
industrious man, his example, with such representations as he may make to
you, of
neglect
and
misconduct,
may be
serviceable.
Making
of all
sorts
of
�Plows, Carts, wheels of all kinds, and various impliments of husbandry, is
what he has been brought up to; though he says he has worked two or three
years at house work, and can make a Sash or a pannel door. The buildings in
his country being all of Stone, he knows nothing of framing. The enclosed
memorandum
contains the out lines of the agreement between us; which has
yet been verbal only ...
Carts, Wheels, &
Donaldson, if he is really skilful in making plows,
ca, may be extremely useful to me; first in makg. these things
himself for the farms, and next, in putting my own people in the way of doing
it."
John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington XXXIII: 512-513.
see above November 4, 1792, 1793, March 3, 1793, October 21, 1793, August 3,
1794, September
21, 1794)
1794,
6
November
Richmond
vicin.,
Va.
Lewis
carpenter
Ten Dollars Reward. RAN AWAY from William Hylton' s, Esq near to the City
of Richmond, in
July last a Negro Carpenter by the name of LEWIS - 22 years
of age, about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, well formed. He had one of his legs
broke last Christmas, but had got perfectly well before he went off. He is the
property of my son, who is now in the Western Country. I will pay the above
reward to have him secured in any jail within the state of Virginia, so that I
may get him, and five pounds if taken out of this state. W. CLAIBORNE."
Virginia Gazette and Richmond and Manchester Advertiser November 6, 1794, p. 4,
col. 4.
1794,
December 22
Fredericksburg, Va.
TO HIRE, A NEGRO MAN, Who is acquainted with the BRICKMAKING •
BUSINESS. -
Enquire of RICHARD JOHNSTON. Fredericksburg, Dec. 22,
1794."
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser 25 December 1794, p. 3, col. 4.
1794,
December
23
Goochland County, Va.
Sam
sawyer (?)
Twenty Dollars Reward. RUN AWAY from the subscriber, living in
Goochland
County,
on
the night
of the 20th instant,
a
mulatto
man
named
�SAM, about 28 or 30 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high or thereabouts, has a
scar on his forehead, occasioned by a whipsaw, is pitted with the small pox
and has a bushy head of hair, is addicted to strong drink, and is fond of
playing the violin, is very sensible and capable of telling a good story. He
carried with him several suits of cloathes, both of foreign and domestic
manufacture, which he will probably exchange. I expect he will endeavor to
pass for a free-man, and for that purpose may procure a forged certificate. All
masters of vessels and others are forewarned from carrying the said fellow out
of this state. Whoever will deliver the said negro to me, or secure him in any
jail within the United States, so that I get him again, shall receive the above
reward, besides what the law allows. EDWARD COX. Virginia, Goochland
County, December 23, 1794."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser January 28, 1795, p. 4, col. 1.
1794,
December
Fairfax County, Va.
28
George Washington to William Pearce:
In bad weather, when the carpenters are unable to work out, let them prepare
frames,
shingles &
John C.
Fitzpatrick,
ca. for putting in more dormant windows in the back of the
Stables at Mansion house and two in the front part of them; one on each side
the pediment, in the centre between it and the ends for the purpose of giving
air to the Corn and hay loft."
1795,
January
ed.,
The Writings of George Washington XXXIV: 73.
1
Rockingham County, Va.
Moses
woodworker;
shoemaker
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD, RANAWAY from the subscriber, living in
Rockingham county, Virginia, near the court-house, about the first of July last,
a negro fellow named MOSES, about 22 or 23 years of age, 5 feet 9 or 10
inches high, straight made and in proportion, very active, no perceivable flesh
marks. He can make shoes, and is very ingenious in wood work of any kind.
Is apt to be singing the new tunes by note; can play the fiddle and read plain
print. Take notice of the above remarks, as he may by his artfulness procure a
pass from
some
ill- disposed
person and pass
as
a
free
negro. --
If taken within
bounds of the county, shall be paid Ten Dollars, if out of the county the above
reward, and all reasonable charges. JACOB CHRISTMAN. January 1st, 1795.
N.B. Any persons harbouring or dealing in any manner with the above
mentioned negro, will be prosecuted to the extent of the law, more particularly
�those who have been guilty of the same hertofore."
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser January 8, 1797, p. 3, col. 4.
1795,
January
24
New Kent County, Va.
Ned
carpenter;
shoemaker
Ten Pounds
Reward.
RAN- AWAY
from the subscriber,
some time the last
spring, when working in Richmond as a Carpenter, a yellowish NEGRO MAN,
named NED, about 25 years old, 5 feet 9 inches high, bow legged, well made
for strength; he is an artful fellow; and acquainted with shoe-making. The
above reward will be paid to any person that will deliver the said Negro to me
at this place; or Five Pounds for securing him in any jail within this State, and
giving such information as may enable me to recover him. JAMES SEMPLE.
New-Kent Courthouse, January 24, 1795."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser February 4, 1795, p. 3, col. 4.
1795,
July
9
Chesterfield County, Va.
Going
bricklayer
EIGHT DOLLARS REWARD, FOR APPREHENDING
GOING, A WELL set
fellow, about 5 feet 6 or 8 inches high, when spoken to is slow of speech, and
about 23 years of age. I lately purchased him of Richard Banks, a brick- layer of
Richmond,
with whom he sometime
worked at that trade, both there and in
Staunton, in Augusta County, at one of which places I expect he is now
lurking; -- he had on a new oznaburg shirt, an old jacket and breeches, and an
old crown of a hat. The above reward will be given for delivery of the said
fellow to me, or for committing him in jail so that I get him agian. JOHN
TRABUE. Chesterfield County, July 9, 1795."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser July 15, 1795, p. 3, col. 4.
1796,
January
12
Norfolk,
Va.
George
bricklayer
TEN POUNDS REWARD. RUNAWAY from the subscriber in Prince-George
county, in November, 1794, a likely dark Mulatto Man, by the name of
GEORGE, About 25 years of age, and I expect has forged a pass; he is about 5
feet 10 inches high, with
one
of his fore teeth
out;
he has worked
at the
�bricklayer' s business about one year, and I expect he will hire himself to some
workman; he holds his trowel in his left hand when at work. I have reason to
believe he has been in and about this town, and at times aboard of the
shipping. I will give TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD to any person to secure
him, in jail so that I get him, or the above reward if brought home. William
Glover. Norfolk, January 12, 1796."
American Gazette and Norfolk and Portsmouth Public Advertiser January 15, 1796,
p. 3, col. 4.
1796,
7
February
Fairfax County, Va.
Isaac
carpenter
George Washington
to William
Pearce:
discussion of hiring workman to undertake repairs of the mansion house,
including fabricating " Venetian blinds" - " let Isaac and the boy assist, under his
direction, in slitting out and trying up the stuff from the rough."
Moncure
Memoirs
slaves (
and
Daniel
of
the
Conway,
Long Island
XXXVII: 256- 261)
as "
ed., " George Washington
Historical
Society
Isaac is recorded
and Mount Vernon,"
4 ( 1889): 223- 224.
as "
In the 1799 list of
Isaac ... Carpr." at Mount
Vernon
Head Carpr." in Diaries V: 83 ( December 23, 1786).
see above June 1791, December 16, 1792, January 19, 1794)
1796,
March 2
Petersburg, Va.
Ralph
carpenter
RUN AWAY from the subscriber, about the last of January, a negro man, by
the name of RALPH, by trade a carpenter; about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, his
nose is wide at the nostrils and flat: had on a green short coat lapelled, made
of thickset, and breeches of the same. It is presumable he may attempt to work
board
some craft
going from
this
Richmond
to Norfolk, &
c. Having
a wife at Mr. James Strange' s in Manchester, perhaps he may some times visit
on
place
or
her. All Masters of vessels are hereby forewarned employing the said negro, or
carrying him out of this state. TWENTY DOLLARS will be paid in hand, on
delivery of the said negro to ERASMUS GILL, in Petersburg, or the subscriber,
JOHN VERELL. March 2, 1796."
American Gazette and Norfolk and Portsmouth Public Advertiser March 4, 1796, p.
3, col. 3.
�1796, March 12
James City County, Va.
Jerry
sawyer; blacksmith
Run-away the 13th of February last, a likely young NEGRO FELLOW,
NAMED JERRY, about five feet nine or ten inches high, has a remarkable high
forehead, thin hair, and of a yellow complexion. He is a remarkable good
sawyer, and has worked at the smith' s trade. He took with him a variety of
cloathing, amongst which is a remarkable suit of green plaid. He is supposed
to be in the lower end of New Kent, or the upper end of James City. Whoever
will secure him in any jail within this state, shall receive FIVE DOLLARS; and
if delivered to me in James City County, shall receive TEN DOLLARS, with an
allowance
of
reasonable
expences.
JOHN
P. SHEILDS.
March 12, 1796 ...
N. B. I
forewarn all persons from carrying the said fellow out of the state, at their
peril. J. P. S."
Virginia
Gazette and General
March
1796,
Advertiser
March
12, 1796.
20
Fairfax County, Va.
James
carpenter
George Washington
to William Pearce:
Is there no work in the shop ( drawing shingles and such like) in which
Carpenter James could be usefully employed. He is a very worthless fellow;
indeed I have sometimes suspected that he cuts himself on purpose to lay up.
for something or another of this sort is constantly happening to him. In
Harvest, he is sure to get a cut in the beginning of it, so as to lay him up
during the continuance of it."
John
C. Fitzpatrick,
ed.,
The Writings of George Washington XXXIV: 502- 503. In
the 1799 list of slaves ( XXXVII: 256- 261)
Carpenter],"
1796,
March
James
is recorded
as "
James ...
Do
aged 40 years at Mount Vernon.
20
Powhatan County, Va.
Sam
sawyer,
shinglemaker;
cooper,
shoemaker
Thirty Dollars Reward. RANAWAY from the subscriber on the 25th of July
last, a likely negro fellow, named SAM, six feet high, about 27 years of age, of
a yellow complexion, and has the sign of a double lip. He is a tolerable good
rough shoe- maker, cooper, shingle- getter, and an excellent sawyer. He was
raised by John Ford, of Cumberland, who sold him to Joshua Chaffin, of
Amelia, he sold him
to Thomas
Whitworth, of Amelia, of
whom
I
purchased
�him, in September 1793. He has many connexions in Lunenburg. He had a
wife at Mr. Gideon Seas, of Amelia, who has removed to South- Carolina, in
the neighbourhood of Ninety- Six, where I think it probable this fellow has
gone. I will give the above reward to any person who will deliver him to me,
or one half for securing in jail, within this commonwealth, provided I get him
again. JAMES DRAKE. Powhatan, March 20, 1796."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser March 23, 1796, p. 3, col. 2.
1796, April 14
Norfolk, Va.
FOR SALE A likely young Negro Fellow, nineteen years of age, is a good
sawyer, and handles an ax well. For particulars enquire of the Printer. Wanted
to purchase Two NEGRO BOYS, from 12 to 13 years old. Enquire as above.
Norfolk, April 14, 1796."
American Gazette and Norfolk and Portsmouth Public Advertiser April 22, 1796, p.
1, col. 4.
1796, April 15
Richmond, Va.
Dick, alias Dick Thomas
carpenter
One Hundred Dollars Reward, WILL be given to any person, who will take
up and deliver to me in Richmond, DICK, a black negro man, about the age of
25 years, and about 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high; he is by trade a carpenter, and
is a lively brisk hand at business. I have reason to believe he has a forged pass
that he goes by the name of Dick Thomas. He ran away on the 27th of
December last, when he was accused of being concerned in breaking open a
lumber house in this place. All and every person, are forewarned from
employing him, and all masters of vessels from carrying him out of this state --
The above reward will be given on his delivery to me in this place; or in
proportion, to any who will commit him to goal [ jail] so that I get him again.
DABNEY MINOR. Richmond, April 15, 1796."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser April 27, 1796, p. 4, col. 4.
see above May 6, 1794 and below June 11, 1797)
1796,
July
13
Fluvanna County, Va.
Tom
millwright;
cooper
TEN DOLLARS
REWARD. RAN- AWAY from the
subscriber
on
the 11th inst.
�a negro man named TOM, about twenty eight years old, a yellowish
complexion, about five feet seven or eight inches high, and slender made; he is
apt to stutter when frightened, and has lost the upper joint of one of his
thumbs: He is a tolerable good cooper, and has worked at the millwright
business. He carried away with him a black coat and vest of Virginia
manufacture, and double wove; also a reddish coloured broad cloth coat, and
callico vest: Also a white negro cotton great coat, and sundry other articles. I
will give the above reward, besides travelling expences, to any person who
will deliver him to me -or a proportionate reward to any person who will
confine him in prison. HEZEKIAH HOLLAND. Fluvannah, July 13, 1796."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser August 3, 1796, p. 1, col. 1.
1796, September 7
Fauquier County, Va.
Willis
carpenter; cooper
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD. RUNAWAY from the subscriber, living in
Fauquier county, on the 29th ult. a mulatto man named WILLIS, by trade a
carpenter and cooper, nearly six feet high, about twenty-five years of age; had
on when he went away a short blue regimental coat turned up with red, his
other clothing not recollected; he may endeavor to pass as a free man. I will
give the above reward to any person who will deliver him to me in Fauquier
county, or twenty dollars to have him secured in any jail so that I get him
again. FRANCIS WHITING. Sept. 7th, 1796."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser September 14, 1796, p. 3, col. 3.
1796, September 24
Caroline County, Va.
Isaac
sawyer;
shoemaker
RUNAWAY from the subscriber the 5th Instant, a likely NEGRO MAN,
named ISAAC, about 30 years of age, 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, of a black
complexion, well made; when walking carries himself very straight. He has ( I
believe) over his right eye a small scar, and on his breast a large whelk, which
appears, occasioned by a burn, he talks very plain, and when spoken to
sharply, puts on a smile, he is a good sawyer, and can make a good negroe' s
shoe.
He took with him, when he went away, a Virginia cloth coat, double wov' d
and fill' d with yarn, over the pockets bound with blue, a jacket strip' d with
coperas, a mixt pair Virginia cloth breeches, and sundry other clothes He
formerly lived in Essex near Leighton' s ware house, where it is probable he
may be
lurking
about
at
present. Any person apprehending
said
negro,
and
�deliver him to me, living in Caroline county, near Ellis' s tavern, shall receive
TEN DOLLARS reward by the subscriber JOS. BRAME. Sept. 24th, 1796. N. B. I
forewarn all masters of vessels from taking the said negro out of this state."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser October 5, 1796, p. 3, col. 3.
1796, November 5
Fairfax County, Va.
Tom] Davis and Muclus
bricklayers
Memorandum:
If it shall be found, on experiment, that the pounded Stone answers as well,
as sand for coating the houses, Frank, Herculas and Cyrus may get a good
deal of it pounded. They may get up a large quantity of gravel at the place I
shewed you. They may, when Davis and Muclas [ sic] have done the Brick
work at River farm assist them in throwing up Brick earth at the place I
pointed out for at least One hundred thousand Bricks. They may assist the
Gardener in making good the Hedges about the Mansion house, getting Dung
into the Garden, or in any thing else. In short let them be employed in any
manner at, or near the M. House that will Keep them out of idleness and
mischief."
John
C. Fitzpatrick,
1799 list of
and Muclus
slaves (
as "
ed.,
The Writings of George Washington XXXV: 265. In the
XXXVII: 256- 261)
W. Muclus ...
Davis is recorded
as "
Tom Davis ...
B: layr."
B: layr.," both at Mount Vernon.
see above April 17, 28, 29 and May 26, 1788, March 31, 1789, November 4,
1792, December 22, 1793)
1796, November
7
King William County, Va.
Aaron, alias Tom or Tom Aaron
carpenter,
sawyer
Ten Dollars
Reward.
RAN away from the subscriber, the 9th of last month, a
NEGRO MAN named AARON, but will probably call himself TOM, or TOM
AARON; he is about 40 years of age, a large, stout, well formed fellow, of a
yellow complexion, talks much, but in a submissive manner, uses many
superfluous words, can read and write, sometimes preaches, will probably
pretend
to know
something of
the
carpenter'
s trade,
is
a
good
sawyer; -
had on
or carried off a deep green cloth coat, the rest of his clothes were of Virginia
cloth. He will probably endeavour
to pass as as free man. I do hereby
forewarn all persons whatever from harbouring him, and all masters of vessels
from receiving, or suffering him to come on board their said vessels. The
above reward will be paid to any person who will deliver the said fellow to
me
in
King
William
County,
or
secure
him,
so
that I
get
him
again.
JOHN
�LUMPKIN.
November 7, 1796."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser November 16, 1796, p. 1, col. 2.
1796, November 17
Chesterfield County, Va.
Negroes Wanted. A LIBERAL price in Ready Money, may be obtained of the
for NEGROES of the following description, viz -- Two Carpenters,
Subscriber
who are capable of building a dwelling- house in a complete manner;
wainscoting, sashes, panneled doors, & c & under 40 years old and of good
character; -Eight or ten likely Boys, from 12 to 16 years old; -- Two Men
Servants, not over 35 years of age, who understand the care of horses and
driving a carriage, one with long reins and the other as a postillion -- if they,
or either of them are capable of being useful as house servants likewise it will
encrease
their
value --
may be included
and should they have families, that are not large, they
in the
A young fellow, who
is a good Cook, and of unexceptionable character, with or without a family.
D. M. RANDOLPH. Presq Isle, Nov. 17, 1796."
sale
at
a
proportionate
price; --
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser 23 November 1796, p. 2, col. 3.
1797,
February
7
Dinwiddie County, Va.
Will be offered for sale, at the house of the subscriber, in Dinwiddie County
on Cox Road, 8 miles from Petersburg, on the last Thursday in March next, 15
likely Virginia born Slaves, Among which is an excellent Carpenter, a valuable
pair of sawyers, and several likely boys and girls. The above Negroes will be
sold for Cash only."
Virginia Gazette and Petersburg Intelligencer February 7, 1797.
1797, April 9
George Washington
Fairfax County, Va.
to George Lewis:
This leads me to ask if you know of a good House Joiner ( white or black) that
could be hired by the year, or month, and on what terms. I want one who is
capable of making a rich finished pannel Door, Sash, and wainscot; and who
could be relied on for his sobriety and diligence."
John
C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings
of
George
Washington
XXXV: 435.
�1797,
May
10
Prince Edward County, Va.
James
carpenter;
cooper,
shoemaker
RUNAWAY from the subscriber, on Monday the 8th of this instant, a
remarkable bright Mulatto fellow, by the name of JAMES, about 30 years old;
he has brown curly hair, grey eyes, one of his upper fore teeth out, he has a
slow way of talking, is about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, a little inclinable to be
knock knee' d; he carried away with him an old drab coloured broad cloth coat,
with white plated buttons, a mixed Virginia cloth coat, two waistcoats, one
made of a striped Dutch blanket, and the other of nankeen, with pewter
buttons, three pair of breeches, viz. one pair of nankeen, one ditto of white
Virginia cotton, and the other pair white kersey overalls, patched on the knee,
a coarse felt hat, about half worn; he understands a little of the carpenters,
coopers,
and
shoemaker' s trades -
he
can
play
a
little
on
the
violin -
I expect
he will aim for Gloucester county, where I am informed his mother lives; he
formerly belonged to John and William Smith, of Mecklenburg county - I will
give Twenty Dollars reward to any person that will deliver the said slave to
me in Prince Edward county, at the place known by the name of Moore' s
Ordinary; or Ten Dollars to secure him in any jail so that I get him again. All
persons are hereby forewarned from harbouring the said slave, and owners of
vessels likewise from carrying him out of this state. RAY MOSS. May 10,
1797."
Virginia Gazette and Petersburg Intelligencer June 27, 1797, p. 3, col. 2.
1797,
June
11
Richmond,
Va.
Dick
carpenter
Thirty Dollars Reward. ELOPED from the service of the subscriber, on the
19th instant, a Negro Man by the Name of DICK, About twenty five years of
age, and five feet nine or ten inches high; by trade a carpenter, and is a very
lively
brisk
workman.
His
countenance
is very
good --
When
spoken
to, he
converses with ease and confidence, and is pretty sagacious. I purchased the
said fellow of Mr. Dabney Minor, in whose name he has been twice advertised
in the Richmond newspapers. During his last runaway trip ( last summer) he
was employed a considerable length of time, by some person near Dumfries,
from which circumstance,
I conjecture,
he has taken another northern route. I
forewarn all persons from giving him employment, of any kind whatever; and
masters of vessels and others, from carrying him out of this state. The above
reward will be given if he is taken within forty miles of this city; and an
additional sum, in proportion to the distance he may be brought, or the
trouble and expence the apprehender may be at, in bringing him to this place.
AUG: DAVIS.
�N. B. His apparel was of the usual negro kind, but he had more cloathes than is
customary for them to possess. A.D. Richmond, June 11, 1797."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser June 28, 1797, p. 3, col. 2.
see above May 6, 1794 and April 15, 1796; see also a June 21, 1797 version of
the above text with " ten dollars reward" in the June 27, 1797 edition of the
Virginia Gazette and Petersburg Intelligencer, p. 3, col. 2)
1797,
June
Hanover County, Va.
28
Jess
sawyer
ELOPED from the subscriber,
the 27th instant, a NEGRO FELLOW named
JESS, is about 22 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, has a yellowish
complexion, has a lump or wen on his right cheek and has a scar on his right
thumb, which makes it appear as if it was in twain; he has a very down look
when spoken to, and is a very artful fellow, and perhaps may endeavour to
get off from the neighbourhood, as he is a very good sawyer; and from the
manner of his elopement, I think he means to get to some distant place. I
therefore forewarn all persons and masters of vessels from employing or
carrying him out of the state at their peril. I will give FIVE DOLLARS
REWARD, besides what the law allows, to any person that will apprehend and
bring the said fellow to me. JOHN AUSTIN, jun. Hanover county, June 28,
1797."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser July 5, 1797, p. 3, col. 3.
1797,
July
Petersburg, Va.
13
Dick
house
carpenter
Twenty Dollars Reward. ABSCONDED from the service of the subscriber, in
April last, a Negro Carpenter Named DICK, The property of Mrs. S. Holloway;
he is of a dark mulatto complexion, about 5 feet 10 inches high, and has
remarkable white teeth, a plausible talking artful fellow, and tolerable good
house carpenter, carried off tools with him, and is supposed to be jobbing
about in the neighbourhood,
under
the protection
of
a
forged pass -- has a
wife at W. Morgan' s in Prince George county, about 8 or 9 miles from town,
where it is probable he harbours, -The above reward will be paid on
delivering him to me, or secure him so that I get him again. ALEXANDER
HORSBURGH. July 13, 1797."
Virginia
Gazette and
Petersburg
Intelligencer
July
14, 1797, p. 3, col. 4.
�1797,
July
24
Orange County, Va.
Tom
carpenter (?)
G. C. Taylors Tom began to work on Spring house."
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
see below May 14, 1798, and below June 6 and 7 and July 19)
September
1797,
14
Norfolk, Va.
Jack
carpenter
On Saturday, the 2d instant, the following Negroes left my house in Mason
street,
viz --
JACK a Carpenter by trade, about 40 years of age, 5 feet 9 or 10
inches high, of
dark
PHEBE his
They have probably
gone to the Eastern shore, or towards Gloucester, where they have relations. I
will give THIRTY DOLLARS Reward on their being confined in any jail in this
State so that I get them; and FORTY DOLLARS on delivering them to me at
Norfolk or Williamsburg. JOHN SAUNDERS. Norfolk, Sept. 14, 1797."
a
complexion.
wife, ...
Norfolk Herald and Public Advertiser September 14, 1797, p. 3, col. 5.
1798,
February
17
Albemarle County, Va.
Solomon
sawyer; batteaux- man
Ten Dollars Reward, FOR taking and securing my negro man SOLOMON,
who eloped from my plantation about the sixteenth of December last. I have
reasons to believe he is lurking about the city of Richmond, Manchester, or
Petersburg, and will attempt to get on board some vessel. He is about thirty
four of five years of age, of a very black complexion, and remarkable stout for
his height, of a pleasing countenance when spoken to, and pretty talkative; has
lost nearly all his teeth, occasioned by the scurvy; he carried off with him
sundry clothes, and a new fife, which he is fond of playing, but not a
professed hand at it; also, about forty or fifty pounds worth of ribbons which
he stole: His clothes I expect he has changed, therefore useless to describe
them --
his shoes had a quantity of nails in them. He is a pretty good sawyer,
used to saw at bottom, and a very good batteaux- man. I will give the above
reward to any person who will secure him in any jail, so that I get him again,
or if delivered to me in Albemarle county, near Milton, the above reward,
besides
what the
law
allows,
and all
reasonable
expences.
RICHARD
�JOHNSON. February 17, 1798."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser February 21, 1798, p. 2, col. 4.
1798,
May
14
Orange County, Va.
Tom
carpenter (?)
G. C. Taylors Tom came here to work, mended Kitchen."
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
see above July 24, 1797 and below June 6 and 7 and July 19, 1798)
1798,
May
18, 22 and 23
Orange County, Va.
Joe
mason
Maj. Moores Joe came here to underpin floor of spring house, but the water at
the bottom would not admit of working on it, drained off part."
Joe mended fireplace in kitchen and pinted [sic] meathouse underpg."
Paid Majr. Moores Joe 7/ 6 for underping [sic] springhouse, mending kitchen
fireplace and pointing under meathouse, being in full for work to this time."
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
see above June 26 and 27, 1792 and below July 25, 28 and 30, 1798)
1798,
June
6 and 7 and
July
19
Orange County, Va.
Tom
carpenter
Tom laid new floor in west porch."
Tom about repairing floor etc. of portico."
Tom cieled my lodging room."
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
see above July 24, 1797 and
May
14, 1798)
�1798,
July
25- 28 and 30
Orange County, Va.
Joe
mason
Joe came to work, pointed cracks etc."
Joe whitewashed part of house below stairs ...."
Joe whitewashed above, finished ( except to go once more over the staircase)"
Joe finished
before
10 oclock, I
him 15/
and a bottle of whisky for
mending & whitewashing. Had the floors scoured above and below, Frank had
a busy day about it, Did not clean all the white wash from doors etc."
paid
Frank cleaned most of the wooden parts of the walls, etc."
Francis Taylor Diary ( VSL).
see above June 26 and 27, 1792 and May 18, 22 and 23, 1798)
1798, September
17
Cumberland County, Va.
Jim Stovall
carpenter;
shoemaker
RAN AWAY FROM the Subscriber living in Cumberland county near
Cartersville, on the night of the 9th of May last, a likely Mulatto Man, known
by the name of JIM STOVALL, aged 45 years, about 5 feet 7 inches in height,
tolerably well set, a full beard and bushy hair when combed; one of his legs
much larger than the other at the ancle, a little above which place it is
somewhat flattened and crooked, caused by losing some of the bones from it
by a white swelling; this defect I make no doubt he will endeavour to conceal
by wearing overalls or trowsers -- He is a very handy fellow at most
businesses, a rough carpenter and coarse shoemaker, he is loud and talkative,
and very impertinent where he thinks he may take the liberty. The above
described fellow I have reason to suppose was some time since in Richmond,
where he will perhaps endeavor to make his escape by water. I therefore
caution
masters
of
vessels
from employing
or
carrying him
out of the state. — I
will give a reward of TWENTY DOLLARS for securing him in any jail so that I
get him again. RICHARD JAMES. September 17, 1798."
Virginia Argus October 12, 1798, p. 1, col. 1.
1798,
October
15
Cumberland County, Va.
Peter
Scarpenter;
cooper,
shoemaker
�Ten Pounds Reward. RANAWAY from the subscriber, in Cumberland
County, on the 3d day of July last, a negro man slave, something of a yellow
complexion, by the name of PETER, twenty eight years of age, he is about five
feet eight inches high, straight and well made, has small feet, a scar across the
back of his left hand, occasioned by a cut, a dent near the corner of his left
eye, perceivable when laughing; took with him sundry wearing clothes, some
of which supposed to be very fine; likewise sundry tools, such as would
answer
a carpenter
or cooper;
also some cash. He is a tolerable
shoe maker,
carpenter, and an extraordinary flour barrel cooper. He is a cunning artful
fellow, and will endeavour to pass as a freeman, and probably has procured
papers for that purpose. He has made attempts of this kind before, taking
different routs [ sic] in the year 1790, having been furnished with a free pass -He was then detected in Nansemond county, and put in Suffolk jail. The said
negro continued in my neighbourhood until about the 25th of the said month,
at which time was taken from Cumberland courthouse, a horse, bridle and
saddle, belonging to Mr. William Thompson: The horse is a likely bright bay,
about four feet eight inches high, with high spirit and carriage, a short switch
tail, a good saddle and bridle, with plated bosses, with the letters A. R.
engraved. Mr. Thompson will give ten pounds reward for the horse and
saddle. JOHN BURTON, near Cumberland courthouse October 15, 1798."
Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser October 16, 1798, p. 2, col. 1.
1798,
November 1
Fairfax County, Va.
Torn Davis and Muclus
bricklayers
WORK FOR THE
1st. ... Finish
JOINER
the Garden
Gates which
he is about,
which, so soon as done, have fixed in their places and painted ( by Thorns
Davis) with white lead ..."
WORK FOR THE BRICKLAYERS
1st ... Davis, with those who are now with
him, may continue sloping the hill, above the New Wall, in the manner I have
directed him until it is time to throw up Earth for Brick making in the Spring,
when
2d ...
He and Muclas may proceed to that business and turn up enough to
make at least Sixty thousand.
3d ... Upon reconsideration
of the first Article
above,
I believe
it will be best
for Davis and Muclus to proceed to digging Brick Earth immediately. For as
the
care
of all the Stable horses,
as
well
as the
Jacks &
ca. must devolve
upon
Peter, he will require assistance: of course, Mike must join him, and as
Anthony will, probably be required to supply the House with Wood [ it] will
hardly
before
be necessary to
that] until they
keep
can
David [ Davis?] [ and] Muclus alone, at the slope
be
joined by
the House
g[ ang]. When Davis ( who
understands the de[sign] will be indispensably necessary to regu[late] the
Work."
�John
C. Fitzpatrick, ed.,
1799 list of
and Muclus
slaves (
as "
The Writings of George Washington XXXVII: 4-6. In the
XXXVII: 256- 261)
W. Muclus ...
Davis is recorded
B: layr," both at Mount
as "
Tom Davis ... B: layr"
Vernon.
see above August 18, 1786, April 17, 28, 29 and May 26, 1788, March 31, 1789,
November 4, 1792, December 22, 1793, June 8, 1794, November 5, 1796)
Charlottesville, Va.
1798, November 12
Jeffrey
carpenter;
shoemaker
Thirty Dollars Reward. RAN- AWAY from the subscribers on the eleventh of
November, instant, a Likely Negro Fellow named JEFFREY, Twenty five of
twenty-six years of age, not of a very dark complexion, has a pleasant
countenance
swansdown
when in conversation, dressed in old cloaths, has a striped
He took with him a blanket and a set of shoemaker' s
waistcoat --
tools, and is a rough shoemaker and carpenter. I purchased him lately of a Mr
William Cox of Accomac county. He came by water to Richmond, and I expect
he will endeavour to get on board of some vessel to return there. I will give
the above reward if apprehended over the bay and TEN DOLLARS if on this
side and secured in any jail so that I get him again. WILLIAM WARDLAW.
Charlottesville. Nov. 12th, 1798. N. B. All masters of vessels and others are
forewarned carrying him out of this state at their peril. W.W."
Virginia Argus November 27, 1798, p. 1, col. 3.
1799,
April 18
Prince George County, Va.
Bob
bricklayer, plasterer
RUNAWAY
from the subscriber
in Prince
George,
the 14th of this month,
a
likely Negro Man by the name of BOB, and on the 15th left Mrs. Whisegers,
near Blanford, where he has a wife: he is about 35 years, of age, about 5 feet
10 inches; he is an excellent brick- layer and plaisterer; he drones his words
very much in talking. I expect he will endeavor to pass as a freeman and
follow his trade. I do hereby forewarn all masters of vessels from carrying him
out of the state, or harboring him. WILLIAM GLOVER. Petersburg, April 18,
1799."
Virginia
Gazette and General
Advertiser
April 23, 1799, p. 2, col. 3.
�1799,
June
Fairfax County, Va.
NEGROES Belonging to George Washington in his own right and by Marriage
Tradesmen, &
are listed separately from quarters and associated with the
ca."
Mansion House;"
carpenters
they total 52 ( 38 men and 14 women) and include 6
and 2 bricklayers.
Total
number
of all
slaves
is 317.
The carpenters
are Davy, Isaac, James, Joe, Simms and Sambo; the bricklayers are Tom Davis
and W. Muclus.
John
C. Fitzpatrick,
Isaac is identified
1802,
ed.,
as "
The Writings of George Washington XXXVII: 256- 268.
Head Carpr." in Diaries V: 83 ( December 23, 1786).
November 27
Norfolk, Va.
WANTED, Two well disposed Black Boys, From 14 to 16 years, Apprentices
to the
Carpenters' business --
to the above trade, and
Printers.
a
As also a MAN to Hire by the year, brought up
BOY
to act
as
house
servant —
Enquire
of the
Nov 27"
Norfolk Herald November 23, 1802, p. 3, col. 5.
1805, December
21
Mecklenburg County, Va.
Dick and Frank; Dick and Ben
carpenters; masons
inventory and appraisement of Sir Peyton Skipwith -
at home plantation lived 128 slaves, including 2 carpenters Dick and Frank,
valued
at £ 150 and £
120 respectively, and 2 masons Dick and Ben, valued at
100 and £ 165
respectively;
and £ 60.
slaves
valued from 6s. to £ 165, most between £ 40
Mecklenburg County Will Book 5: 301- 6.
1812,
June
John Hemings, Lewis
Albemarle County, Va.
carpenter- joiners
1812.
June. Johnny
Hemings &
Lewis make a set of Venetian blinds with fixed
slats, i. e. 2. pair 3 f. 3 I. square in 6 days, splitting out the slats from common
plank
with the handsaw.
say
a
window a
week."
�Edwin Morris Betts, ed. Thomas Jefferson' s Farm Book, p. 114.
see
below
July -
August -
1812,
September,
1825)
December
Richmond County, Va.
8/ 2/ 12 - Carpenters ... have been for the last week engaged
at
Rd C House ...
stone, timber &
about the repairs
one cart from each plantation with mule wagon hauling
c. to the C House ....
10/ 23 - Smiths ...
made hinges etc. for the Court house. Carpenters getting
shingles. James and Phil about the work at Richmond C House, masons Do ....
11/ 16 timber
James working at the Ct house; masons do; mule waggon hauling
for benches, sand,
11/ 20 water &
James
at work
water, etc., at the
courthouse ....
at the court house, masons do.,
Mule waggon hauling
lime to the courthouse ....
12/ 3 -
James about glazing window sashes ....
Carpenters about the posts & railing at the Ct house, masons about the
chimney at the Ct house; Jobbers ditching at the Ct house ...."
12/ 31 -
John Tayloe III Minute Book 1811- 1812, Tayloe Family Papers ( VHS).
1825,
September
July -
Bedford County, Va.
John Hemings
carpenter- joiner
Popler Forest
July
dear Sir [ Thomas
good
23th. [ 18] 25
Jefferson]
I hope thes few [ lines] may find you well and in
health
We begin to tin the West Side of the house [ recently damaged by
fire and belonging to TJ' s grandson, Francis Wayles Eppes] and we have joust
5 1/ 2 boxis
We shal in
ruff that I
with oak
all
ar
few days finish that
a
am
we
sound
fost [ forced]
to
except the Potcos
side
imploy
both of the boys
have to strik every [
] the
and good on the Turit
We
the rouft [ roof] is so
the house being [
]
ridg lists
ar [
]
to git the stuff for the gutters
the onars of the saw mills [ d] onte agree to cut thar timber trees at at this seson
for feare of the worms [ k] iling the trees
Mr. hiks tils me that thars a man 25 mils off that says he will Let him hav it of
he Lets him hav the holing [ hauling] and then he says he wold deliver it for 5
Dolars
Pay a hundred but
Sirvant John Hemings"
he
cant
do it with
out
further
odders
I am your
Popler Forest Aug 11 th. 1825
dere Sir [ Thomas Jefferson]
I
hop
boxis of tin and it will take 4 boxis
got
inforemathion
of before
by
you
ar
Well
more to
Mr. F Eppes
We have got through the 15
fenish the house
I hope you hay ,
�I am in hopes we Shal git the stuff fore the gutters in 2 weeks it corns much
sooan
the inch Stuff
by giting
and four Dollars
for the
from him
to
waggin
it corns at 3 dollars Pay a hundred
hall it
he Says he can hall the hold at one
Loade
We Shoul go
the hall
about
the chines raling &
perparing
Puting up the onanmentes of
marster F. Eppes was saying something abot tining the flat rouft over
the hall
to send
you and him
the tin
deside it between
can
soon as
as
Sir plese
the flat rouft will take 3 boxis thats 7 in all
can
you
you how it shal be don
thars tin in Linchburg at 15 1/ 2 Dolars wich is much nedner of it coud be got
I am Your obedant Sirvant Jon hemmings"
Poplar Forest August 28, 1825
Dear miss Septima [ Septimia Randolph] your Letter came to me on the 23th
and hapey was I to embreasit to see you take it upon you self to Writ to me
and Let
know how your
me
grand
Par
glad am i to hear that he is no
famely give my Love to all your
I shoul gite don the house on
was
dear I hope you ar well and all the
brothers [,] George With Randolph
specaly
worst
tusday that is tining it we have all the Terreste to do yet wich is one hundred
Long and 22 feet 8 inches wide Yesterday we just hade one Lode of the
feet
stuff brought home fore the gutters and that is 25 miles off where it came from
I am in hope I shol be able to corn home by the 25 of November Ef Life Last
I am your obediente Sirvant John hemmings"
Popler Forest September 18th [ 18] 25
Jefferson] Your Letter dated Augut 17th Came to me
dear Sir [ Thomas
September 1th
my Power to
carry
on
the 17th
brought
Your Last
writ
to you
16th
on the
Sep
I am very sory that it was not in
the cause of that was for the want of stuff to
sooner
my work
the first Load he brought
We had 1 Load August 27th and no more until yes ter day
55 peis of
the hole of the inch Plank and the
11
gutter stuff
Yes ter day he
those 55 ar
peis for the gutter
the[ re] was sum days betwen
the
don redey for puting
the 11 is to do yet
up
the arivoul of the Larst tin and
in that time I frame
my working on the house
the plats of the Walls
the hole of them ar rootin
the walls has to be stript
nakid
sence the Puting the Plats to gather I hav bin in the Woods and git as
meny shingles as I thinke wold be wanting to recovering it agin for we find a
grat meny
besides
rootin
third of the
top
what
we
shal Lost in
taking
up
We hay takin off a
the[ re] was a litel sound Plank amung it and that we used for
the
top
of the house
say
we
was
thrown
in the
plase of sheting which
back 10 days
was
about 300 feet
I may
5 windows out of hang the weaghts all
falling doown [,] had them to rehang 2 Doors to chang and hang on the
contrary sides 1 of the foldling doors that had bin cut both crosst the midel [
to
put on to [
every thing [ ]
sumother
mill
I
time
]
the
Panels in
the teros
just
floor
with the
Sir the[ re] is not one inch of Plank to do
Mr Eppes says that it will have to stand until
shingles
thers no plank of yours at Mr Martins
I am told that you had a good deel of oak Plank thar and Poplar to wich
give the bill
by
your
odders
for
the
Parlour
cornice this
fall four years
�septrately from
I Shul finech
the old stock
and
when
I hope by the nex to be able to Let you no when
to send for me
Dere Sir I hope you well
I am your
Sirvant John Hemmings"
Poplar Forest
Sir [ Thomas
Sep.
28. [ 18125.
Jefferson]
I hope thes may find you well with all my hart for it
is my wish I shal be don my work on Saturday
We hav Closed one [
every thing repest agin
for
me
7th of October
We hav got
I must beg you to send
Mr Eppes has convins me that he cant git the Plank for the floour
]
I shal pack up on Sunday 8th of October and be radey to Set out for monticello
on
monday
by
daylight
eff you plese for
Sir plese to odder the muls and gear and the old one
Sir plese tell Wormly to see that the boy carris all
the gear and the Long trais that I had made for the one to work befour the
other
eff the boy set out on friday he m[a] y fit up in 3 days with the muls
unly the to[ o] ls I shal bring hom that hav bin here somtime
I am your
me
to
ride
homble Sirvant John Hemmings"
Blassingame,
see above
John W., ed. Slave Testimony, pp. 15- 18.
June, 1812)
�List of Sources - Part 1
Manuscript Sources
Burwell Papers [ 1736- 1786],
Williamsburg
Carter Burwell Ledger,
1810.
Foundation
Library, Williamsburg
1738- 1756.
Virginia.
Colonial
CWFL
M- 1557.
William
Book, 1757- 1758.
Byrd III Memorandum
Library
of Congress.
CWFL
M- 97.
Carlyle
Carter
Papers.
Family
Carlyle
Papers, 1659- 1797.
Family
Alexandria,
House,
Virginia.
CWFL TR 61.
University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
CWFL M- 1139. 1- 4.
Robert Carter
Day
Book ( October
Durham, North Carolina.
Robert Carter Papers, 1759- 1805.
1787 -
February
Book (
June
December
Library
20, 1788);
8, 1790 9, 1785);
Duke University,
M- 36- 2.
Date Book, 1781- 2; Day Book ( January 13,
Day Book ( April 18, 1789 - June 7, 1790); Day
November 26, 1792);
Journal (
of Congress.
March 26, 1778).
1776 -
CWFL
Journal ( August 27, 1784 -
December 12, 1785 -
February 20, 1788).
CWFL M- 1439. 2.
Diaries of Robert
Wormeley Carter. College of William and Mary,
Williamsburg, Virginia. CWFL TR 08.
Chancery
Fairfax
Records.
County,
Humphrey
Maryland Hall of Records, Annapolis.
Virginia
Harwood
Foundation,
E. W. Hubbard
Account
Henry
Library,
Fairfax County Clerk' s Office, Fairfax.
Book, 1776- 1794.
Williamsburg,
Virginia.
Papers, 1741- 1907.
Edmund
of North Carolina,
Richard
Records.
Chapel Hill.
Lee Memorandum
Colonial Williamsburg
CWFL M- 50.
Wilcox'
Book, 1776- 1794.
San Marino, California.
s
Book, vol. 4.
University
CWFL M- 24. 1- 2.
Henry E. Huntington
CWFL M- 1220.
�The Recollections of General John Mason Pertaining to Gunston Hall."
Gunston Hall, Fairfax County, Virginia.
Virginia Records.
Mecklenburg County,
Mecklenburg County Clerk' s Office,
Boydton.
Battaile Muse Papers
Duke
1731 [ 1777- 1800] -
University,
1891.
Durham, North Carolina.
Nomoni Hall Account Book, 1784- 1785.
Virginia.
Library, Williamsburg,
Nomoni Hall Waste Book [
Mary, Williamsburg,
Estate Papers of Peyton
Correspondence,
Day
CWF M- 1886. 1- 45.
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
CWFL M- 50.
Book], 1773- 1783.
Virginia.
1773- 1891.
College
and William
and
CWFL M- 50.
Randolph, 1774- 1784.
Library
of Congress.
CWFL
M- 1005.
Tayloe
Family Papers. John Tayloe
Historical Society, Richmond.
Francis Taylor
Diary,
1786- 1799.
III Minute Book,
Library
1811- 1812.
of Virginia, Richmond.
Virginia
CWFL
M- 1759.
Warwick
County, Virginia Records. College of William and Mary,
Williamsburg, Virginia.
York County Claims for Losses of Citizens in the British Invasion of 1781.
York County Clerk' s Office, Yorktown. CWFL M- 1. 45.
York
County,
Virginia
Records.
York
County
Clerk'
Office,
Yorktown.
Advertiser,
1795- 1796.
s
CWFL
M- 1. 1- 46.
Newspapers
American
Gazette and Norfolk and Portsmouth
Public
M- 1147.
Maryland Gazette,
1745- 1839.
Norfolk and Portsmouth
Pennsylvania
Gazette,
CWFL
Chronicle,
1728- 1789.
Virginia Argus ( Richmond),
M- 1100. 1- 13.
1789- 1790.
CWFL
1797- 1816.
CWFL M- 1024.4.
M- 1101. 1- 21.
CWFL M- 1309. 1- 9.
CWFL
�Virginia Gazette ( Richmond),
Virginia
Gazette (
1780.
CWFL M- 1024. 4.
CWFL M-2. 1- 6, M- 111, M- 1225. 1,
1736- 1780.
Williamsburg),
M- 1482.
Virginia
Gazette
and General
Advertiser ( Richmond),
1791- 1799.
CWFL
M- 1152. 1- 5, M- 1024. 2- 4.
Virginia
Gazette and Independent
Chronicle ( Richmond),
1783- 1786.
CWFL
M- 1024. 4.
Virginia
Gazette and
Virginia
Gazette and Richmond
Intelligencer,
Petersburg
1796- 1797.
and Manchester
CWFL M- 1306.
Advertiser,
1793- 1795.
CWFL
M- 1024. 4 and M- 1309. 1.
Virginia Gazette and/ or
Weekly
Advertiser, 1782- 1790.
Virginia Gazette
or
Norfolk Intelligencer,
Virginia
or
the American
Gazette
1774- 1775.
CWFL M- 1024. 1- 2.
CWFL M- 1225. 1- 2.
Advertiser,
1781- 1789.
CWFL M- 1024. 1 and
Virginia Independent
Chronicle ( Richmond),
1786- 1799.
CWFL M- 1308.
Virginia Independent
Chronicle and General Advertiser ( Richmond),
M- 1307. 1- 3.
1790.
CWFL
M- 1024. 4.
Virginia
Journal
and Alexandria
Advertiser,
1785- 1788.
CWFL
M- 1305.
Printed Sources
Abbott,
W. W., ed.
The Papers
George Washington.
of
Colonial
Series.
10 vols.
Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983 - .
and
Dorothy Twohig,
Presidential
Series.
4
The Papers of George Washington.
eds.
vols.
Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia,
1987 - .
Betts, Edwin Morris, ed.
Thomas
Jefferson'
s
Farm Book.
Charlottesville:
University Press of Virginia, 1987.
Blassingame,
John
Interviews,
W., ed. Slave
Testimony - Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches,
and Autobiographies.
Press, 1977.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University
�Conway,
Moncure
Daniel, ed. " George
Washington
and Mount Vernon."
Memoirs of the Long Island Historical Society 4 ( 1889).
Fitzpatrick, John C., ed.
Manuscript
Writings of George Washington from the Original
Sources,
1745- 1799.
39
vols.
Washington, D. C.: USGPO,
1931- 1944.
Greene, Jack
2
Jackson,
The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter of Sabine Hall, 1752- 1778.
Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1965.
Donald
and
The Diaries
of George Washington.
Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976- 1979.
vols.
Jones,
P., ed.
vols.
Hugh.
Dorothy Twohig,
The Present State
of
eds.
Virginia ... ( London: 1724).
6
Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press, 1956.
Journal
of Col.
James
Quarterly (
ser.
Palmer, William P.,
Manuscripts ...
11
Smith,
vols.
Billy
1)
et
Gordon, of Lancaster
12 (
al.,
July
eds.
County,
Va."
William and Mary
1903): 1- 12.
Calendar of Virginia State Papers and other
Preserved in the Capitol at Richmond ( Richmond: 1875- 1893).
New York: Kraus Reprint
G. and Richard Wojtowicz.
Corp.,
1968.
Blacks Who Stole Themselves -
Advertisements for Runaways in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 1728- 1790.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989.
Windley, Lathan A., comp. Runaway
History from the 1730s to 1790s.
Maryland;
1982.
Slave Advertisements 4
vols. [
South Carolina; Georgia].
A Documentary
Virginia and North Carolina;
Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Press,
�r
1
�any in Virginia"
African-Americans in the
Eighteenth- Century Building Trades
as
good
a
joiner
as
A Sourcebook
This
project
made
possible
by a generous gift from
Sally and Jim Thomas
Part 2 - Other Locations
compiled
by
Vanessa E. Patrick
Department of Architectural Research
Colonial
Williamsburg
1995
Foundation
�1729, October 20•
Burlington,
N. J. (?)
Malato John
house carpenter
Burlington, October 20, 1729. Broke out of the Gaol [ jail] at Burlington, the 20th
Day of October, Two Men. One named Aristoblus Christopher, about Thirty
years of age, of a Swarthy Complexion, thick Brown Hair, about five feet and
eight Inches high, Shipwright by Trade. The other a Malato and goes by the
name of Malato John, about Forty Years of age about six Feet and two Inches
high and well set, and smooth Fac' d, short Brown Hair, he pretends to be a
Housecarpenter by Trade. Whosoever takes up the said Persons or either of
them and bring them to Burlington shall have Forty Shillings Reward for Each
and Reasonable charges paid by Thomas Hunlock."
The American
1731,
Weekly Mercury ( Philadelphia),
October
March 11
16, 1729.
Delaware
Jack
carpenter
RUN away the 27th of February from John England and Company, at Principle
Iron Works, a Negro Man named Jack, formerly belonging to Sir William Keith,
Bart at his Works in New- Castle County: He is an elderly Man, speaks thick,
and generally pretty Sawcy; is a Carpenter by Trade, and has a Wife in NewCastle County. Whoever secures him, so as his Master may have him again,
shall have Five Pounds Reward, and reasonable Charges paid by John
England."
Pennsylvania Gazette March 11, 1731 , p. 4, col. 1.
1733, April 7- 14
Charleston, S. C.
Primus, Venture and Syphax
sawyers
RUN away from Charlestown, the seventh Instant at Night, three Negro
Sawyers, belonging to Mrs. Catherine Bettison, named Primus, Venture, and
Syphax. They were well cloathed in welch Cottons of a yellow Colour, and
carried their Blankets &
Cloaths along with them; the said Negroes being hired
by Mr. Chardon for the Service of Georgia. Whoever brings them, or either of
them, to Mr. Chardon, or Mrs. Bettison, shall have 40 s. Reward for each. Note,
Good Cyprus Shingles to be sold by the said Bettison."
South Carolina Gazette April 7- 14, 1733.
�1733, October
Andrew
New York City, N. Y.
1
Saxon
carpenter;
cooper
Ran away the 18th of August, 1733 from Jacobus Van Cortlandt, New York
City, a Negro man slave named Andrew Saxon, a tall lusty fellow, is very black,
walks stooping and somewhat lamish with his left leg; the thumb of his left hand
is somewhat stiff by a wound he had in his hand; the shirts he had with him
and on his back are marked with a Cross on the left breast; he professeth
himself to be a Roman Catholic, speaks very good English, is a carpenter and
a cooper by trade and has a Broad-Ax with him, a Two-foot rule and a Howellhovel. He had on a pair of linnen or ozenbrig breeches, and an old coat, but ' tis
uncertain what other Cloathes he has with him. Whoever takes up and secures
the said Negro Man, and gives notice to his said Master, so that he may be
had again, shall have Forty Shilllings if taken within Ten Miles of the City of
New- York, and Three
Pounds
if further, as a Reward,
and all reasonable
Charges paid by Jacob Van Cortlandt."
The New York Gazette, October
1737,
July
1,
1733.
9- 16
Charleston,
S. C.
Cuffee
carpenter (?)
RUN AWAY about 3 Weeks ago, a Negro Fellow, named Cuffee, bought at the
Sale of the Estate of the late Mr. Joseph Mackey Carpenter, with whom he
used to work, he is a short black Fellow, of a dull heavy Countenance, with one
Leg bent, as tho' it had been broke, is known in most Parts of this Province,
and now it' s thought he' s gone to Mr. Wallis' s Plantation on Santee River.
Whoever brings the said Cuffee to Capt. Wm. Pinckney in Charlestown, or to
the Subscriber' s Plantation on the Horseshoe Savannah, shall be well
rewarded. Cutel Golightly."
South Carolina Gazette July 9- 16, 1737.
1738, April 27
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Abram
sawyer
RUN AWAY from Roger Saunders, on Saturday the 22d Inst. an Indian Man,
Peter ... Also run away about two Years since, a Negro Man, named
Abram, who is a good Sawyer, middle sized and middle aged, and speaks
broken English, he formerly belonged to Major Tobias Fitch, I have a good deal
of Reason to think that he is harboured sometimes about Four hole Swamp,
named
�sometimes about Mr. Baccots at Goose Creek, and sometimes on the Town
Neck, he having been frequently seen about them Places, and not long since
on the latter. Whoever apprehends and brings him to my Plantation above
mentioned, shall have 20 I. reward."
South Carolina Gazette April 27, 1738.
1739, September
15 - October
13
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
England, Prosper and Prince
bricklayers
RUN AWAY about a Month past, from the Plantation of Joseph Wragg Esq; at
Goose- Creek, an old Negro Man named England, And a young slim Mustee
Fellow, named Prosper ( his Son) about 19 Years of Age. About 10 Days ago
went away from the said Plantation, another young Mustee Fellow, named
Prince,
about 22 Years
of Age, (
also Son of England) with an Iron round one
Leg, he took with him out of the Stable, a large Bay natural pacing Stallion,
branded on the Mounting Shoulder IW in one and no other Marks or any White
about him. It is supposed they are together near Dorchester, or about the
Plantation of Bethal Dewes to whom they did belong, the old Fellow England is
well known, having worked at the Bricklayer' s Trade at several Plantations in
this Province and his Sons with him. Whoever brings either of the said run
away Slaves or Horse to said Wragg in Charlestown, to Mr. Rattery at Ashley
Barony, or John Little at said Wragg' s Plantation near Mr. Keating' s at Goose
Creek, shall be well rewarded ...."
South
Carolina
Gazette September
15 - October
13, 1739.
1739, November 10- 17
Charleston, S. C.
Sampson
glazier, painter
RUN AWAY A Negro
Man named
Sampson,
well known
in Town &
Country for
his painting and glazing, had on when he went away a green Coat with brass
Buttons and a pair of Trowsers he took with him a Bundle of several sorts of
Cloths he is a middle siz' d Fellow with Pock holes in his Face, speaks very
good
English
being
a
West
India born, about [?]
Years old. Whoever takes him
up and brings him to the Subscriber shall have 5 I. reward, and all reasonable
Charges paid by Michael Jeanes. NB He is likely to be hid on Board of Vessels,
therefore I desire all Commanders to make enquiry on board their respective
Vessels."
South
Carolina Gazette November
10- 17, 1739.
�1740, December
18
Charleston,
S. C.
An Act for regulating the Buildings hereafter to be erected in Charles- Town ...
per day £ 2. For Negro Men
Carpenters and Joyners per Day £ 1. For Apprentices ( white or black) in the first
Year of their Time per Day, £ 0. 7. 6. In the Second per Day, £ 0. 10. 0 In the third
per Day, £ 0. 15. 0 In the fourth per Day, £ 1. For bricklayers and Plaisterers
Master Workmen, per Day £ 2. For Negro Men per Day, £ 1. 5. 0. For Apprentices
white or black) the same prices as are limited for Carpenters or Joyners
Apprentices.
Negro Labourers per day £ 0. 7. 6... And be it further enacted by the
authority aforesaid, that in any Case any Action or Suit, shall be brought, sued
or prosecuted against any Person or Persons whatsoever, for any Matter or
Thing to them done, or to be done, in Pursuance of the Direction of this Act, it
shall and may be lawful for the Defendant and Defendants in every such Action
or suit to plead the General Issue and to give this Act, and the special Matter in
For Carpenters and Joyners Master Workmen
Evidence;
and in case the Plaintiff or Plaintiffs
shall discontinue,
become
Non-
Suit, or a Verdict shall pass against him the Court in which such action shall be
brought or commenced shall tax and allow to every such Defendant his and
their double Costs of Suit. WILLIAM
Chamber,
December
BULL, Jr. Speaker.
In the Council
20, 1740."
South Carolina Gazette December 18, 1740
1741,
August
6- 15
Charleston,
S. C.
Limas
carpenter
RUN AWAY
from the Subscriber
about
a Fortnight
ago, a Negro
Carpenter
named Limas, late the Property of Thomas Bennet, deceas' d; The said Negro
for some Time wrought clandestinely about Town, and thereby defrauded his
Master of several Sums of Money. This is therefore to forewarn all Persons, at
their Peril, to employ or entertain him without a Power from his Owner. And
whoever can give Intelligence of him so that he may be had again, or will bring
him to the Subscriber, shall be well rewarded by James St. John. N. B. The said
Negro is thought to be skulking about Town, or concealed at Mr. Harvey' s
Plantation over the Water."
South Carolina Gazette August 6- 15, 1741 .
1742,
May
7
Charleston,
S. C.
Will
carpenter
Run- away
about
Three Weeks
since,
a
Mullato Fellow
named Will,
by
Trade
a
�Carpenter, lately belonging to Benjamin Whitaker, Esq; he is well known about
Town. Whoever brings him to the Subscriber or to the Work House in Charles
Town, shall have a Reward of Ten Pounds from S. Hurst. May 7, 1742."
South Carolina Gazette May 1- 8, 1742.
1742, October
18- 25
Charleston
S. C.
vicin.,
Limbrick, Cato, Cyrus, Scipio
sawyers
Run away about a Month ago, from Mr. Wragg' s Plantation, in the Parish of St.
James Goose Creek, commonly call' d Spring Grove, 5 Negro Men viz. Limbrick,
a lusty black well sett Fellow, near six Feet high; several scars on his Back with
a [?]
Skin; Cato a tall slim Fellow with no Marks upon him; Cyrus a lusty black
Fellow, a little pitted with the Small pox; Scipio, a short well sett Fellow, very
black; They are all Sawyers, and speak very good English; Edinborough a
young likely Fellow, about 20 Years of Age & speaks but very little English.
They had all white Negro Cloth Jackets and Breeches on, when they ran away:
Whoever takes up the said Negroes, or any of them, and brings them to the
said Plantation, or to Joseph Wragg in Charles-Town, shall be well rewarded for
their Trouble."
South Carolina Gazette October 18- 25, 1742.
1743,
February
14
Charleston
S. C.
vicin.,
Hector
sawyer
RUN AWAY from Mr. Rich. Tookerman' s Plantation at Goose- Creek, a Negro
Man named Hector, had on when he went away a white Negro Cloth Jacket
and Breeches, is a Sawyer; also another Negro Man named Jack, cloathed in
the same Manner as the other, is a Cooper. Whoever takes up and brings the
said Negroes to their Master aforesaid, or to Mr. John Steele, Tavern- Keeper in
Charlestown,
shall have 5 I. reward for each."
South Carolina Gazette February 14, 1743.
1743,
August 29
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Joe
carpenter;
shoemaker
RUN AWAY from the Subscriber near Dorchester, a likely young very black
Negro
Fellow, named Joe, he
can
work at the Shoemaker
and Carpenter' s
�Trades, he is this Country born, and suppos' d to be about Charles Town, had
on when he went away an Oznabrugh Shirt, a Hat, and white Negro Breeches.
Whoever takes up and brings him to the Work house in Charles-Town, shall
have 3 I. reward of John Cussens."
South Carolina Gazette August 29, 1743.
1743, October
3
Charleston,
S. C.
Primus
carpenter
RUN AWAY from the Subscriber, about two Months ago, a likely young Negro
Fellow named Primus, formerly belonged to Mrs. Ford at Hobcaw, by Trade he
is a Carpenter. He pass' d over Combahee Ferry about 6 Weeks ago, and is
suspected to be on Port- Royal Island, having a Wife at or near Mr. Hazard' s
Plantation, he had on a white Whitney Coat and generally goes well dress' d.
Whoever takes up and brings the said Negro to the Work House in Charles
Town, shall have a Reward of 10 I. from William Cattell, jun."
South Carolina Gazette October 3, 1743.
1745, March
13
Bertie County, N. C.
Tony
brickmaker, sawyer
Maherrin, in Bertie County, North- Carolina, March 13, 1745.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in Bertie County, North- Carolina, a likely
Negroe Slave, named Tony, Virginia born, about Thirty Years of Age, middle
sized, well set, short Neck, and somewhat round Shoulder' d, yellow
Complexion, and scarr' d on his Shoulders by Correction. He pretends to making
and burning Bricks, and is a good Sawyer. He ran away the 18th of June, 1743,
and has been heard of in Pennsylvania Government. Whoever takes him up,
and brings him to the Subscriber, in North- Carolina, shall be Paid Ten Pistoles,
or if delivered to Mr. Hugh Parker, in Philadelphia, shall receive Five Pistoles.
Benjamin Hill."
Pennsylvania Gazette April 4, 1745, p. 3, col. 2.
1745, October
14
Charleston, S. C.
Jack
carpenter
RUN AWAY from the Subscriber,
about
six
Months
ago,
a short
well
made
�young Negro Fellow, named Jack, by Trade a Carpenter, speaks good English,
and formerly belong' d to Mrs. Hugh Cartwright. Whoever apprehends the said
Run away, and brings him to his Master in Charles Town, shall have 5 I. current
Money Reward. And all Persons are forewarn' d against harbouring or
entertaining
him at their Peril. Mathew Roche."
South Carolina
1746,
May
Gazette October 14, 1745.
22
Bertie County, N. C.
Toney
brickmaker, sawyer
RUN away from the Subscriber, in Bertie county, North- Carolina, on the 18th of
June, 1743, a likely negroe slave, named Toney, Virginia born, about Thirty
Years of age, middle sized, well set, short necked, somewhat round shoulder' d,
yellow complexion, scarr' d on the shoulders by correction, pretends to making
and burning bricks, is a good sawyer, and has been heard of since he went
away in Pennsylvania government. Whoever takes him up, and brings him to
the subscriber, in North Carolina, shall be paid Ten Pistoles, or if delivered to
Mr. John Blakeley, in Philadelphia, Five Pistoles. BENJAMIN HILL."
Pennsylvania Gazette May 22, 1746, p. 4, col. 3.
1748, April 18- 27
Charleston,
S. C.
name not given
carpenter, sawyer; cooper
RUN AWAY the 4th Instant April from the Subscriber, a tall, likely young
Mustee Slave, Cooper, Carpenter, and Sawyer. Whoever will apprehend and
deliver him to the Subscriber his Master, or to the Warden of the Work- house,
shall receive 5 I. Reward,
and reasonable
Charges.
John Man."
South Carolina Gazette April 18- 27, 1748.
1748, June 8
Kent County, Md.
Toby
carpenter
or sawyer
RAN- away from Cornelius Harkins of Kent County, and since bought by the
Subscriber, a Negro Fellow called Toby; he formerly belong' d to the Rev.
James Williamson in Calvert County, and afterwards to Mr. Matthias Harris: He
is a low well- set Fellow, bow leg' d, of a very tawny Complexion; he took with
him
a
Canoe,
a
new
Fiddle,
a
Bonja,
on
both which
he at times plays, and
�Howel with an Iron Handle, with which he makes Bowls; he pretends to be a
Carpenter or Sawyer: Had with him a broad cloth snuff-coloured Waistcoat lined
with red shalloon, an old broad cloth Coat lined with red, a pair of old Pumps, a
pair of Kersey yarn Stockings pretty fine, an old pair of Kersey Breeches, and
an old Hat which he usually wears cock' d; but all or most of those Things may
be changed, he being a dextrous Thief, and a very deceitful Fellow. Whoever
takes up the said Fellow, and brings him to the Subscriber at Fairly, in Kent
County, shall have Thirty Shillings Reward, more than allowed by Law, and all
reasonable Charges, paid by WILLIAM HARRIS. N. B. He is suspected to
endeavour to make to his former Master, the Rev. Mr. James Williamson in
Calvert County."
Maryland
1748,
Gazette June 8, 1748.
July
20
St. Mary' s County, Md.
Tom
house carpenter, sawyer; cooper
RAN away from the Subscribers, living in St. Mary' s County, near the Cool
Springs, on the 24th of June last, Two Mulatto Slaves, one named Clem, about
25 Years of Age; he is a very white Mulatto and stutters very much when
strictly examin' d: He took with him a good Country Linnen Shirt, and an old
striped ditto, an old Linnen Waistcoat, and pair of old Linnen Breeches, and has
straight Hair close cut. The other a lusty dark Fellow, named Tom, about 27
Years of Age; the Fore- Finger of his Left Hand is cut close off: He took with him
a check Shirt, three Waistcoats,
one a Brick coloured German Serge, one a
Blue Drugget with Mettle Buttons, and the other an old one, he has different
Sorts of Breeches, and other Clothing. He is a Cooper, a House- Carpenter, and
a very good Sawyer. Whoever secures the said Servants so as their Masters
may have them again, shall have Forty Shillings Reward, besides what the Law
allows, and reasonable Charges, paid, by WILLIAM JOSEPH, JOHN MILES."
Maryland Gazette July 20, 1748.
1748,
July
27
Baltimore,
Md.
Jack
carpenter
RAN away from the Baltimore Iron- Works, on the 23d of July, a Negro Man
named Jack, a Country born, middle aged Fellow, was brought up in
Dorchester County, and ' tis likely will make that Way. He formerly belonged to
Mr. Morris of Oxford. Had on when he went away, a Felt Hat, an Oznabrig
Frock and Trousers, and Osnabrig Shirt, and coarse Shoes. He pretends to be
a
Carpenter. Whoever
delivers him to Daniel
Dulany, Esq;
in Annapolis,
or to
�the Subscriber at the said Works, shall have Twenty Shillings Reward.
RICHARD CROXALL."
Maryland Gazette July 27, 1748.
1749,
January
2- 19
Charleston, S. C.
Caesar
bricklayer
RUN- AWAY, a very lusty young negro fellow named Caesar, by trade a
bricklayer, lately work' d with Mr. Humphry Sommers in Charlestown. He had on
when he went away, an old red coat made of strouds, has a scar on his upper
lip, is this country born and speaks good English. Likewise lost some time
since, from Elliott' s wharff, a cypres canow about 24 feet long and 4 feet wide:
she is branded in several places on the inside with the name HILL, and has a
new piece in her stern. Whoever delivers the fellow to the warden of the workhouse shall have 3 I. reward, besides reasonable charges, and the like reward
for the canow. Samuel Quincy."
South Carolina Gazette January 2- 19, 1749.
1749, August 21- 28
Charleston
S. C.
vicin.,
Peter
carpenter;
cooper
RUN AWAY on the 13th of August, a negro fellow named Peter, belonging to
Mr. Thomas Hasell of Winyaw, and supposed to be on or about James- Island;
he is a carpenter and cooper by trade, and lately belonged to the subscriber.
Whoever brings him to me shall have 10 I. reward. John Vaun."
South Carolina Gazette August 21- 28, 1749.
1751,
July
15- 22
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Adam
sawyer
RUN AWAY from the Plantation of Charles Pinckney, Esq; on Ashepoo- River,
the beginning of February last, three negro men, viz. Cuffee, a tall, slim, yellow
fellow, about six feet high, and about 26 years old, this country born, a sensible
fellow, speaks very good English, and formerly belonged to Mr. William Harden
at the Horse- Shoe. Adam, a thick-set black Angola fellow, between 30 and 40
years of age, and speaks good English, is a pretty good sawyer, and formerly
belonged
to
Mr.
Anthony
Poitevine
in St. Thomas'
s
parish.
June,
a
small black
�Angola fellow upwards of 30 years of age, and speaks but indifferent English;
formerly belonged to Mr. William Guy, jun. at Goose-Creek. Whoever takes up
any of the above negroes, and sends them to the said Pinckney in CharlesTown, or to Mr. Josiah Sullivan at the aforesaid plantation on Ashepoo- River,
shall receive Five Pounds reward for each, over and above what is allowed by
law. Charles Pinckney."
South Carolina Gazette July 15- 22, 1751.
1753,
February
Philadelphia, Pa.
6
To be sold, his master leaving off the business, A Likely well- set Negroe man,
that talks good English, and understands the Block- maker's business, turning,
and making both land and sea pumps, and is capable of carrying on said
business, likewise very handy at many other businesses. He would suit any
gentleman that lives in Maryland or Virginia, in order to teach their young
Negroes the above business. Enquire at the New- Printing Office."
Pennsylvania Gazette February 6, 1753, p. 2, col. 3.
1754,
January
22- 29
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Cudjoe
bricklayer
RUN AWAY, an Angloa Negro named Cudjoe, about 18 years of age, a
bricklayer by trade, carried with him his tools and a blanket, and had on one
osnabrug and one negro cloth jacket, and negro cloth breeches. Whoever
brings him to the work- house, or to Thomas
Miles at Ashepoo,
shall have 10 I.
reward."
South Carolina Gazette January 22-29, 1754.
1754,
July
4- 11
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Ben
house
carpenter
RUN AWAY from the subscriber,
the 18th of June last, a mustee slave named
Ben, a house carpenter by trade. Whoever takes up and delivers him to the
warden of the work- house, or to me on my plantation, shall have Ten Pounds
reward, besides lawful charges. MILLER ST. JOHN."
South Carolina Gazette
July
4- 11 , 1754.
�1755,
January
16- 23
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Toby
carpenter;
cooper
RUN AWAY the 20th of January, 1755, from the subscriber at Ponpon, a likely
mustee fellow named Toby, a cooper and carpenter by trade: He took his
cloaths with him, and is supposed to have gone on horseback some distance.
Any person that will bring him to the said subscriber, shall have 10 I. currency
reward, and all reasonable charges paid. Thomas Sacheverell."
South Carolina Gazette January 16- 23, 1755.
1755,
March
12
Kent County, Md.
Toby
carpenter;
cooper,
overseer
Chestertown, Maryland, March 12, 1755. TEN PISTOLES Reward. RAN away
last night, from James Ringgold, of Eastern Neck, in Kent County, in the
province of Maryland, the two following servant men; one named James
Francis, an indented servant for five years, a middle siz' d young fellow, about
26 years of age, of a smooth fair complexion,
his hair cut off, is an Englishman,
and speaks a little in the west country dialect; was brought up to farming and
husbandry: Had on, a country kersey jacket and breeches, blue fearnought
jacket, and an old dark colour' d coat. The other a lusty young Mulatto fellow,
named Toby, a slave about the same age, he is a well- set, clean limb' d, stout
fellow, neither a very bright or very dark Mulatto, has large nostrils, is a likely
fellow, and when he talks drawls his words out in a very slow manner, is no
other way very remarkable; he had on the same sort of clothes with the other
servant, and one of them has a check or striped green and red everlasting
jacket on or with them; and perhaps the Mulatto may set up for a cooper or
carpenter, having work' d at both those businesses, and also understands
plantation affairs. Whoever takes up and secures the above persons, and gives
notice, so as their master gets them again, shall have Four Pistoles reward for
the white servant, and Six Pistoles for the Mulatto; and if brought back either to
their master or to the subscriber, shall be paid reasonable charges for their
trouble of bringing them, either by their master or the subscriber. That this slave
should runaway, and attempt getting his liberty, is very alarming, as he has
always been too kindly used, if any thing, by his master, and on in whom his
master has put great confidence, and depended on him to overlook the rest of
his slaves, and he had no kind of provocation to go off. It seems to be the
interest of least of every gentleman that has slaves, to be active in the
beginning of these attempts, or whilst we have the French such near
neighbours we shall not have the least security in that kind of property. I should
be greatly obliged to any gentlemen that shall hear of these fellows, to
endeavour
to
get
certain
intelligence
which
way
they
have taken,
and to inform
�me of it by express, and also to employ some active person or persons
immediately to take their tract and pursue and secure them, and I will thankfully
acknowledge the favour, and immediately answer all expences attending it.
THOMAS RINGGOLD."
Pennsylvania Gazette March 25, 1755, p. 3, col 3.
1756, March
25
Charleston
S. C.
vicin.,
Jack
carpenter
RUN away about a Month ago, from the plantation of Mr. William Townsend on
John' s Island, a negro fellow named Jack, a carpenter by trade; he is well
known on Ashley- River and in Charles- Town. Whoever will bring him to me, or
to the Work- House, shall have 5 I. reward: But whoever will give information of
his being harboured or entertained by any white person, shall have 20 I. paid
them on proving the same, and if harboured by a negro, they shall have 5 I.
from Solomon
Milner."
South Carolina Gazette March 25, 1756.
September 23, 1756
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Cupid
bricklayer
RUN AWAY the beginning of last June, from my plantation on John' s Island, 2
negro men, one named Cupid, a bricklayer by trade, the other named Cuffee, a
cooper, both well known in Charles Town and in most parts of the country.
Whoever brings one or both to me, or to the work- house, shall have a reward of
20 I. for the former, and 10 for the latter; and whoever gives notice of their
being harboured by any white person, shall have a further reward of 20 I. if
convicted by a white man, of 10 I. if by a negro. MEL. St. JOHN."
South Carolina Gazette September 23, 1756, postscript to the supplement.
1756,
November
11
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Tom
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber at Ponpon, the latter end of September last, a
sensible country- born negro man, named Tom, about 6 feet high, well made, by
trade a carpenter, carried with him when he went away some carpenters tools,
and had
on
a
negro
cloth
jacket
and
oznabrugs
trowsers,
has
a
large beard,
�and breast very hairy, is well known on St. Helena, Edisto- Island, and at
Ponpon, at either of which places ' tis supposed he may be concealed, as he is
cunning and sensible enough to tell a very plausible story any where. Whoever
takes up the said fellow, or can give certain information where he may be had,
shall ( if a white person) have a reward of 15 pounds, of ( if a negro) 7 pounds.
James
Reid."
South
Carolina
1757,
January
Gazette November
11,
1756, postscript to the supplement.
31
East Chester,
N. Y.
Joe
stone wall builder
Run away from Caleb Ferris of East- Chester, in the Province of New York,
sometime before last Christmas; a lusty likely man slave named Joe, aged
about 25 years old, he is of a yellow complexion being mixed Indian and Negro,
much of an Indian countenance,
he speaks altogether
English and is well set
every Way, about five feet ten inches high, understands all sorts of Plantation
Work and is an excellent
Hand to make a Stone- Wall, he was born of a slave
and brought up by Martha Clarks of W. Chester and upon her death he is so
often running about, he sometimes pretends to be free and it is supposed that
some vile person has given him a pass, he is a great Fiddler and when he went
away he took his Fiddle and a bundle of cloth. Whoever will take up the said
Servant and secure him so that his Master may have him again shall have
three pounds reward and all reasonable charges paid by me, Caleb Ferris. All
persons are hereby forewarned from harbouring or carrying off said servant."
The New York Gazette:
1757,
July
or,
The
Weekly
21
Post-
Boy, January
31,
1757.
Charleston, S. C.
William Sauders and Jack Flowers
bricklayers
RUN away from the Subscriber, a thick set mustee fellow, calls himself William
Saunders, and says he is free: And a mulatto fellow, about 5 feet 6 inches high,
named Jack Flowers, belonging to Richard Lampton, esq; both bricklayers.
Whoever apprehends
the above two fellows, or either of them, and brings them
to me at the Work house, shall receive 5 pounds reward, and all reasonable
harges [
sic].
Christopher
South Carolina Gazette
Holson."
July
21 , 1757.
�August 25
1757,
Charleston,
S. C.
Jacob
carpenter
RUN away from the Subscriber, about [?]
weeks
ago, a negro
man
named
Jacob, a likely sensible fellow, this country born, a carpenter by trade, well
known in Charles-Town and the adjacent parts, has a mother called Free Peg,
who lives at Mr. Ladson' s plantation on Ashley River, and many other relations
both in that and Stono parish by some of whom it is probable he may be [?].
Whoever delivers him at the Work house, shall have 10 pounds reward, and
that sum [?] made of his being harboured or employed [?] by white
double
person, or free negro. Rawlins Lowndes."
South
Carolina
1758, October
Gazette August
25, 1757.
13- 20
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Strephon
carpenter
RUN AWAY from the Subscriber' s Plantation near Willtown, the beginning of
April last, a Negro Man named Strephon, West- India born, about six Feet high,
smooth Countenance, down Look, slouching clumsy Gait, remarkable long flat
Feet, and his Legs seem to stand on the Middle of his Feet, speaks very proper
English, and is a Piece of a Carpenter; suspected to be harboured in or about
Charles-Town; and as he has been used to go in a Scooner, may possibly offer
himself as a Freeman to go to Sea on board some outward- bound Vessel. If
any Person will apprehend the said Negro Man, and convey him to me or the
Warden of the Work- House, or give information by whom he is concealed, so
as the Person may be convicted, shall be paid 25 I. and all Charges, by JAMES
STONO."
South Carolina Gazette October 13- 20, 1758.
1759, December 8- 15
Charleston,
S. C.
Anthony
carpenter
RUN away from Charles- Town, the 7th instant, a negro fellow named
ANTHONY, of a yellow complexion, this country born, a carpenter by trade, had
on when he went away an under jacket, called a robbin, welted with strip' d
tape,
a
check shirt, and
a white
one under
it. Whoever
apprehends
the said
�negro, and carries
him to the work- house,
shall have FIVE POUNDS
reward,
and all reasonable charges paid, by ALEXANDER RANTOWLE."
South Carolina Gazette December 8- 15, 1759.
1760,
February
23 - March 1
Charleston
S. C.
vicin.,
Bob
carpenter
RUN AWAY on the 24th of February last, from my plantation at HorseSavannah, four negroes formerly belonging to doctor John Hutchinson,
deceased, and therefore supposed to be gone toward Port- Royal, viz. three
men and a boy, one of the men named BOB, this country born, is a carpenter
by trade; the two others Angola born, named TOM and PUNCH; the boy named
BOB, has a scar on the side of his mouth. TEN POUNDS reward will be given
to any person that delivers Bob, the carpenter, to me, and three pounds for
each of the others, besides
South
Carolina
Gazette
1760, April 26 -
May
reasonable
charges.
23 - March
February
1,
3
SAMUEL
WAINWRIGHT."
1760.
Charleston
S. C.
vicin.,
Bob
saywer; driver, plowman
Run
awaythe
26th of Januarylast,
A NEGRO
Fellow named BOB,
formerly
the Property of Luke Stoutenburgh, Esq; and was bought at the Sale of Joseph
Poole' s Estate; he is a good Plowman, Sawyer, and Driver, which he has been
used to; is a thin black Fellow, very hairy about the breast, and had on a brown
Negro Cloth Jacket and Breeches with Brass Buttons, an Oznabrug Shirt, green
Negro Cloth Boots, and is supposed to be gone to Winyah: He has a Brother at
Mr. Thomas Broughton' s at Goose- Creek. Whoever takes up the said Fellow
and delivers him to me in Charles- Town, shall have TEN POUNDS Reward and
all reasonable
South
1761,
Carolina
June
Charges.
Thomas
Gazette
Else."
April 26 -
May 3, 1760.
13- 20
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Owen
bricklayer
Run away a few days since, FROM Christopher Gadsden, A negro fellow
named Owen, formerly belonged to Mr. Freeman, and served four years with
Mr. Sommers the bricklayer:
He is
a short,
thick very black fellow,
has
a
very
�broad flat nose, and is about 26 years old; had on a sailor' s large blue pea
jacket, and osnabrug trowsers. Whoever brings him to me, or secures him in
the work- house, shall have 5 I. and all reasonable
GADSDEN."
charges. CHRISTOPHER
South Carolina Gazette June 13- 20, 1761.
1761,
October 24- 31
Charleston
vicin.,
S.C.
Jacob
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber about 10 weeks ago, from Wando-neck, five
negroes, viz. ROVER, a thick short negro man above 50 years of age; MARIA,
his daughter, a strong middle- sized wench, about 20 years of age; JACOB, a
yellow negro fellow middle- sized, is a carpenter by trade, has one of his great
toes cut off with an ax, and is about 28 years of age; CUPID, a short, thick,
black fellow, above 40 years of age, and walks lame: These two last negroes
were lately seen at John' s Island, at the plantation of the late Robert Gibbs; but
are supposed to be now about Wando: JOE, a black boy about 15 years of
age, this country born. Whoever apprehends the above negroes, or any of
them, and delivers them to the warden of the work- house, shall receive Three
Pounds for each; or whoever will give information where any of them are
harboured, if by a white person shall, on conviction, receive Fifty Pounds, or if
by
a negro
South
Five Pounds....
ROBERT WILLIAMS."
Carolina Gazette October 24- 31 , 1761.
1762, September
26
Orange County, N. Y.
Adonia or Duca
carpenter; blacksmith, shoemaker
Tappan, Sept. 26, 1762. RUN away last Sunday Evening, from his Master, in
Orange County, Johannes Blauveldt, Blacksmith, a Negro Fellow, named as he
says, Adonia, but by us Duca, he is a yellow Complexion, being a mixed Breed,
speaks and reads pretty good Low Dutch, and speaks little English: is a very
good Black Smith by Trade, and can make Leather Shoes, and do some thing
at the Carpenters Trade, is about 5 and a half Feet high, full Faced, black Hair,
but cut off about one Inch long, is 20 or 22 Years old, had on, when he went
away, homespun Trowsers, Shirt, gray Waistcoat, and Felt Hat; took with him a
check Shirt and Trowsers, a white Shirt and a Pair of blue Cloth Breeches, and
one home spun Waist Coat, he had been whip' d the day before he went off,
which may be seen pretty much on his right side, he pretends to be free, and
perhaps will get a Pass for that Purpose: Whoever takes up and secures the
said Fellow,
so that
his Master may have
him
again,
shall have THREE
�POUNDS Reward, and all reasonable Charges paid by JOHANNES
BLAUVELDT N. B. All Masters of Vessels and others are forbid to carry him
away."
The New York Gazette; or, The Weekly Post-Boy September 30, 1762.
1762, November
13- 20
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
York Tom
painter
RUN away from my plantation at Stono, two negro men, named York Tom and
Hetter. York Tom is well known in Charles-Town, being a painter, where he was
lately seen; Hetter is supposed to be about Wadmelah, where I understand he
hath a wife, at Mr. Stanyarn' s plantation: both the negroes have a little
impediment in their speech. Five Pounds, and all reasonable charges, will be be
sic] paid to any person that will deliver either of the said negroes to the warden
of the work- hosue, by HUMPHRY SOMMERS. N. B. As the above named York
Tom may endeavour to make his escape to the northward, all masters of
vessels and others are hereby forbid carrying him off the province."
South Carolina
1763, March
Gazette November
13- 20, 1762.
12- 19
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Limerick
carpenter
RUN away, on the 28th of February last, from the subscriber, a negro fellow
named LIMERICK, about five feet five or six inches high, of a thin visage,
speaks good English, is by trade a carpenter, and well known in town, where it
is supposed he is gone: He had on when he went away a white negro cloth
jacket and breeches, and a pair of blue boots. Whoever apprehends the said
fellow, and delivers him to the warden of the work- house, or to capt. Benjamin
Roberts
in Charles- Town, or the subscriber,
at the head of Cooper- river, shall
receive a reward of five pounds and all reasonable charges; and whoever will
give information of his being harboured by any white person, upon conviction,
shall receive a reward of twenty-five pounds, and if by a negro, ten pounds.
FRANCIS ROCHE. N. B. All masters of vessels are forbid carrying the said
negro fellow off the province at their peril."
South Carolina Gazette March 12- 19, 1763.
1763, October
Henry
27
Berks County, Pa.
�brickmaker (?)
RUN away from the Subscriber, living in Manatawny, in Berks County, 3 Miles
from Thomas Pott' s Old Furnace, on the 8th of July last, a Negroe Man, named
Henry, about 24 Years of Age, middle sized, and well set, has on each Side a
Hole through
his Nose,
and one through
each
Ear; speaks
neither English
nor
Dutch. He went away from the Brick kiln, and had on a green Jacket and a Pair
of Tow Trowsurs, leaving his Hat and Shoes behind him. Whoever takes up and
secures the said Negroe, so that His Master may have him again, shall have
Thirty Shillings Reward, and reasonable Charges, paid by GEORGE ADAM
WEIDNER.
N. B. All Masters of Vessels are forewarned to carry him off, at their Peril; and
whoever in Town or Country harbours him, shall be dealt with according to
Law."
Pennsylvania Gazette October 27, 1763, p. 3, col. 3.
1764,
June 29 -
July
New Bern, N. C.
6
Tony
carpenter
FIVE POUNDS Reward. RAN away from the Subscriber, about the first of
February, a mulatto or mustee Slave, called Tony, about 24 Years of Age, with
long stiff black Hair, and greatly the Looks and colour of an Indian. He is about
5 feet 9 inches high and strong limbed, and is used to work at the carpenter
Trade: Had on when he went away, a homespun Jacket, and old Coat girt
round him with a broad buff Belt, and a large Brass Buckle. Whoever brings the
said Slave to the Subscriber in Newbern, or procure him so as to be recovered,
shall receive Five Pounds Reward, and all reasonable charges. William Powell."
North Carolina
1765, March
Magazine;
21
or,
Universal
Intelligencer June 29 -
July 6, 1764.
Calvert County, Md.
London
carpenter;
cooper
RUN away from the subscriber, living near Prince Frederick Town, Calvert
County, Maryland, on the 1st day of October last, a Negroe man, named
London, about 35 years of age, and about 5 feet 7 inches high, of a yellow
complexion,
stammers in his speech, if examined strictly, bow legged, and
when he talks, one corner of his mouth stands awry. He may change his name,
is very artful, and at no loss for a plausible, story, is a cooper and carpenter by
trade. Whoever takes up the said negroe, if in the county aforesaid, and brings
him to the subscriber, shall receive Forty Shillings reward; if taken 30 miles
�from home, Five Pounds; if out of this province Seven Pounds, and reasonable
charges. As I have some reason to apprehend the above mentioned negroe
has been carried off by some ill- disposed person, I hereby promise a reward of
Twenty Pistoles to any person who will discover the thief, so as he can be
convicted.
ROBERT
Pennsylvania
FREELAND."
Gazette March
21,
1765, p. 1,
1765, April 25
col. 3.
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
Pompey and Sampson
axman
and carpenter
RUN AWAY from the subscriber last February, a NEGROE MAN, named
YORK, about 40 years of age, about 5 feet 4 inches high, had on when he
went off a blue negroe cloth jacket and breeches, speaks good English, and is
well known about Ebenezer and Abercorn. And last Sunday went off, TWO
NEGROES, one named POMPEY, about 46 years old, about 5 feet 10 inches
high, he is dull of hearing, and is a good axman and hunter; the other, named
SAMPSON, is by trade a carpenter, aged 26 years, has a downcast surly look,
and is about 5 feet 8 inches high; they were both born in North- Carolina; had
on when they went away hats, blue jackets and breeches, and white Indian
boots. Whoever delivers the above negroes, before the last of May next, to the
warden of the workhouse in Savannah, or to me at Skidaway, shall receive for
York 10 s. sterling, and 20 s. for each of the others, over and above what the
law directs. WILLIAM MACKENZIE."
Georgia Gazette April 25, 1765.
1765,
May 9
Dick and Pompey
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
carpenters
RUN AWAY from Mrs. Butler' s plantation on Great Ogechee river the 27th
April last, TWO SLAVES, named DICK and POMPEY, both carpenters, country
born, and speak good English. Dick is a mustee about 27 years of age, bowleg' d, and about 5 feet 8 inches high; Pompey is a black well made fellow of the
same height, and about 23 years of age. They took each a gun and all their
cloaths, that their dress cannot with certainty be described. Whoever
apprehends
the said slaves,
and will deliver them to the subscriber
at the said
plantation shall receive ten pounds sterling reward, or five pounds for either of
them.
BENJAMIN
Georgia Gazette
FOX."
May
9, 1765.
�1765,
June 20
Pensacola,
Fl.
Prince
carpenter;
cooper
RUN AWAY from Mr. John Watts, of Pansacola, about the 8th May last, a very
tall well made sensible NEGROE FELLOW, named PRINCE, six feet high, an
exceeding good carpenter and cooper. It' s supposed he will make either for this
province, or Carolina, where he was bred; had on when he went away blue
cloaths, but may have changed them; he is an artful cunning fellow, and may
attempt to pass for a free man. A REWARD of TWENTY DOLLARS, and all
reasonable charges, will be paid to any person who will take up and deliver the
said negroe to the subscriber, or the warden of the work- house. ROGER
KELSALL.
Georgia
Savannah,
June 20, 1765."
Gazette June 20, 1765.
1765, October 5- 12
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Joe and Peter
sawyers;
boatmen,
herdsmen
RAN away from the plantation of William Allston, Esq; on Pedee, March 12th,
1764, two negro men, Carolina born, one named JOE, middle sized, yellowish
complexion, stutters much, and pretends to be free: the other named PETER,
very likely and round faced, complexion very black; both very good sawyers
and boatmen,
and used to the management
of horses and cattle.
Information
has been received that they went first to the back settlements, and are
supposed to have gone from thence. to St. Augustine. Twenty Dollars reward,
besides all reasonable charges will be paid for each, if delivered to the warden
of the work- house, or Mr. John Forbes, Merchant in Charles- Town; and Fifty
Dollars for discovery of any white persons' harbouring them, to be paid on
conviction
of the offender."
South Carolina
Gazette October 5- 12, 1765.
1766, June 20
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
Bridgee, Prince and Aboo
sawyers
RUN AWAY from my plantation at Sunbury, about seven weeks ago, FOUR
NEGROES, viz. three men and one woman: BRIDGEE, a stout fellow about 40,
five feet ten inches, with a high nose; he was first purchased by the
Portuguese, and sold to the Spaniards ( by which he speaks both languages)
taken last war, bought by Capt. James Dunbar, who sold him to me: CELIA, his
wife,
a
likely
wench
about
26:
PRINCE,
a
tall handsome young fellow about
23:
�ABOO, a thick short fellow about 25, with a cut in his face, to the best of my
remembrance on his right temple. The men are all prime sawyers. When they
first went off, having some connections with Mr. Martin' s and other negroes
upon South- Newport, they were supposed to have gone there; but after having
committed several outrages, particularly upon Mr. Ross at the Ferry, and a
chained canoe being cut away some nights after from a wharf at Sunbury, and
no people missing, they are suspected to be the villains, and are gone to the
Northward. Whoever will apprehend all or any of the aforesaid negroes, and
deliver them to the goal- keeper in Savannah, to Mr. Thomas Carr in Sunbury,
or to me at Frederica, shall receive for each upon delivery the sum of 20 s.
sterling, with all reasonable charges. MARK CARR."
Georgia Gazette July 2, 1766.
1766,
August 29
Pensacola, Fl.
Nero
sawyer
RAN AWAY, from Pansacola, about three months since, and supposed to be
come to this province, a negro man, belonging to Governour Johnstone, named
NERO, about five feet six inches high, a sawyer and wood cutter, has a large
head, short neck, pursy, sore feet, and many scars about his head. Whoever
takes up said negro, and delivers him to the warden of the work- house shall
receive Five Pounds reward, and all reasonable charges paid by WILLIAM
RICHARDSON. August 29, 1766."
South Carolina and American General Gazette August 29- September 5, 1766.
1766,
November
26
Charleston, S. C.
Abraham
bricklayer
Charles- Town, November 26, 1766. RUN- away yesterday, from my Schooner,
lying at Burn' s Wharf, a Negro fellow named ABRAHAM, by trade a bricklayer,
belonging formerly to Mr. Tew, afterwards to Mrs. Saunders, and is now the
property of JOSIAH TATNALL, Esq; of Georgia, whither I was about to carry
him: Had on when he went away, a blue broad cloth coat and jacket, with metal
buttons; striped trowsers, and silver buckles in his shoes. On his right leg he
had a large clog of iron, which had been but just put on, in order to prevent him
from escaping, he being an old offender that way; as he was born in this Town,
he is very well known, and it is supposed may be secreted by his relations.
hereby offer a reward of TEN POUNDS to any person that will bring him to me,
or
to the Warden
of the Work- house:
And I will give TWENTY
POUNDS to
�whoever will discover where he is harboured
or entertained,
so that the offender
may be convicted. TUNIS TEBOUT."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal December 9, 1766.
1767,
January
21
Charleston, S. C.
Jack
carpenter
Bill of sale: Daniel Slade, a Charleston carpenter sold to Henry Laurens an
African- American
recorded
on
slave
March 11 ,
named Jack,
a carpenter,
1767, Miscellaneous
for £ 500 currency.
Bill
MM, Part 2 ( 1763- 1767):
Records,
682- 683, South Carolina Archives.
Hamer, et al.,
Philip
M.
1767,
May
eds.,
The Papers of Henry Laurens V: 224.
5
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Toney
bricklayer
RUN- AWAY from the subscriber, the 13th of April, 1767, three Negro fellows
named BILLY, YORK, and TONEY; Billy and York are black fellows, both
boatmen, have been long used to go in a schooner, and are well known in
Charles- Town. Toney is a yellow fellow, by trade a bricklayer, and served his
time to Joachim Phalthaser, at Chidsberry. Any person that will take up the said
fellows, and deliver them to me at Ponpon, or to the Warden of the Work- house
in Charles- Town, shall receive a reward of Five Pounds currency for each. And
any person harbouring or employing any of the said runaways, may depend on
being prosecuted, by WILLIAM COACHMAN. Ponpon, May 5, 1767."
South
1767,
Carolina
July
Gazette and
Country
Journal
May
21 ,
1
1767.
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Noko
carpenter; waitingman;
boatman
RUN- AWAY from the subscriber, a short but square set elderly Negro man,
named NOKO, who is very handy in the use of carpenters tools, and as a
waiting- man; he has a remarkable large wart on one of his shoulders, plays on
the violin, and belonged formerly to Mr. Brownwell, dancing- master. He has
been lately in Charles- Town; and as he is a good boat- man, it is probable he
may associate with some of the island Negroes who frequent the markets.
Whoever will take him up, and deliver him to Messrs.
CORRIE & CARSANS, in
�Charlestown, or to me at Ponpon, shall receive Five Pounds reward. JOSEPH
July 1, 1767.
GLOVER.
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal July 7, 1767.
1767,
July
3- 10
Charleston, S. C.
John
carpenter
RAN AWAY the 5th July instant, a negro man named JOHN, a carpenter by
trade, wrought for some time past with Mr. Moncrief, is about 35 years old,
sensible, and speaks very good English and French; had on when he went
away, a broad striped check waistcoat, and red breeches, but sometimes wears
striped trowsers, is about five feet nine inches high, had a gold earing in one
ear, wears his hair far down on his cheeks; was born in Jamaica and lived
some years at Mobille. Whoever delivers the said negro to the warden of the
Work- house, or to me, shall have SEVEN POUNDS reward and all reasonable
charges; and any white person giving information of his being harboured, or
protected, so that the person guilty thereof may be convicted according to law,
shall have TEN POUNDS reward. JOHN STUART."
South Carolina and American General Gazette July 3- 10, 1767.
1767, August
19
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Dublin
brickmaker
RUN away from the subscriber' s brick yard, at Wando, in Christ- Church P
parish,
on Monday, the 17th of August instant, a NEGRO man named DUBLIN, a
black, well set fellow, about five feet seven inches high; has a large scar on
one of his cheeks, speaks good English, has a grum voice, and bold
countenance; can mould bricks. He was born at Philadelphia,
and belonged to
one James White there, who sold him to Josiah Parvezole of Cross Creek in
North Carolina, who sold him to John Bohanson of Mecklenburgh county, and
he to John Roy of the same county, and he to James M' Clenashan, of Charles-
Town, of whom the subscriber bought him, at public vendue, in June last. It is
supposed he will make for North Carolina. Whoever will apprehend him, and
deliver him to the subscriber in Charles- Town, or to the warden of the work
house, shall have Twenty Pounds reward, besides the charges allowed by law.
WILLIAM HOPTON. August 19, 17678."
South Carolina
Gazette
August 24- 31 , 1767.
�September 22
1767,
Sussex County, De.
Harry
carpenter,
millwright;
miller
Sussex county, on Delaware, Three Run Mills, Sept. 22, 1767. TEN POUNDS
RUN away, from the subscriber, on the 13th instant, a mulattoe slave
named HARRY, about 40 years of age, 5 feet 6 Inches high, and well set. Had
on, when he went away, a brown cloth coat, white linen jacket, and brown
breeches; he was bred a miller, and understands very well how to manufacture
flour, and can invoice the same; is much given to strong drink, and playing on
the violin; understands the carpenter's and millwright' s business middling well;
was removed from East New-Jersey in the year 1762, by one Nicholas Veight,
who lived at Rockey- Hill, and kept a mill. The said fellow has a free mulattoe
Reward.
wife, named Peg, and two children, and I expect they will endeavour to get
together (though they did not run away at one time) it is expected they will
endeavour to get to the province of East New-Jersey; it is imagined said
mulattoe has a pass. Any person or persons that takes up and secures the said
mulattoe,
and delivers
him to CHARLES
WHARTON,
merchant,
in Philadelphia,
or to the subscriber, shall have the above reward of Ten Pounds, if taken in the
province of New-Jersey, and Six Pounds if in the province of Pennsylvania, paid
by LEVIN CRAPPER.
N. B. The said mulattoe woman, named Peg, has run away from her bail, at
Lewis Court, in Sussex county."
Pennsylvania
1768,
Gazette October
January
1,
1767, p. 4, col. 2.
26
Charleston,
S. C.
Henry Laurens to Alexander Gray in St. Augustine, Florida P. S. the 28th. From a Specimen of my Cooper' s Work this morning, yours
must be a bungler if he does not excel him, but in Sport they call Negroes
Tradesmen at Vendues, merely to run up the prices."
Philip
M. Hamer, et al.,
1768,
February
8- 15
eds. The Papers of Henry Laurens V: 567.
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
Bullock
sawyer
RUN AWAY from one of Governour Wright' s plantations in Georgia, in October
last, three Negro men, named CATO, BULLOCK, and NED. Cato is Carolina
born, a tall slim lad, about twenty years old; Bullock is about forty years old, of
the Angola country, a very good sawyer, and formerly belonged to Capt.
Lampriere,
at Hobcaw, where he is well known; Ned is a short
well
made
fellow,
�old [
about
thirty
them,
to the subscriber
was purchased a New- Negro from Guiney, in the year
1754; they crossed over Savannah river at Purrysburg, and are supposed to be
gone towards Santee, where they lived several years; or may have taken high
up into into the back settlements. Any person who will deliver them or either of
sic],
in Charles- Town,
or to Governour
Wright
at Savannah
in Georgia, shall have a reward of FIVE POUNDS sterling for each, besides
reasonable travelling charges. And any person who harbours them, or either of
them, may depend on being prosecuted with the utmost severity. RICHARD
LAMBTON."
South Carolina Gazette February 8- 15, 1768.
Charleston,
1768, June 27
S. C.
Tom
house carpenter
One Hundred
Three
Negro
Pounds
Men,
Reward.
One Wench,
RAN AWAY
last night,
and her male child,
about
11
viz. A Negro
or 12 o' clock,
man named
TOM, born in the Havanna, speaks Spanish and French, a very likely fellow,
and somewhat used to the house carpenter' s trade: Had on an osnabrugs shirt
and breeches, green jacket, an old felt hat, and a blanket surtout coat. PETER,
a short well set fellow, remarkable for large rolling eyes, having on much the
same
cloaths
as the former,
with a red surtout
coat. POMPEY,
a middle
sized,
down- looking ill- favoured fellow, has a scar on the side of his nose, his toes
very crooked. Had on a ragged black jacket, and green breeches. He can write
and read, and talk good English. The wench named ARABELLA, is very likely,
short and slim, with a clear black skin, and a good sett of teeth, a scar on the
side of one of her hands, and a deep dimple in her chin: Had on and carried
with her, a blue callimanco gown, and a check' d ditto, also sundry coats and
jackets of different sorts. Her child answers to the name of CASTILA, a smart
looking boy, about six years old, has a scar on his forehead. As there is a small
Scooner or fishing boat missing this day, it' s suspected they may have off in
her; and as some other Negroes are missing, among whom is a French or
Spanish fellow, a fisherman, it is strongly suspected that they are gone to the
Southward, on their way to Havanna. Any person or persons apprehending and
securing said Negroes so that the subscriber may have them again, shall
receive ONE HUNDRED POUNDS currency reward, besides all reasonable
charges.
ELIAS
VANDERHORST.
Charles- Town,
1768."
South Carolina
Gazette June 27,
1768.
South- Carolina,
June 27,
�1768,
July
10
St. Mary' s County, Md.
Will, alias Will Butler, Will Curtis, Will Ferrall
house carpenter; tight cooper
MARYLAND, St. Mary' s county, JULY 10, 1768. A STOUT lusty yellow slave
named WILL ( tho' sometimes calls himself Will Ferrall, Will Butler, and Will
Curtis) has been ran away 2 years ago from the subscriber; he is a house
carpenter, tight cooper, understands plantation business well, and is a very
handy fellow. I am informed he was about Colchester in Virginia, near 10 or 12
months, was taken by one Henry Wingate, and before he got him to the ferry,
made his escape; last fall he was taken again, and carried before Major Francis
Moor, in Orange county, near a place called Raccoon ford, in Virginia, and
rather than go to gaol [jail], owned his master; upon which two lusty young men
undertook to bring him home, and when they got within sight of Mr. Hooe' s ferry
he made his escape with his handcuffs on, and have not heard any thing of him
Whoever will
in any
gaol [ jail], or otherwise, and
give me notice, so that I get him again, shall have FIVE POUNDS reward; and
reasonable charges paid by the subscriber, if brought home. EDWARD
since.
secure
the
said
slave
MATTINGLY."
Virginia Gazette (R) September 22, 1768, p. 3, col. 2.
1768,
November
3
Halifax County, N. C.
Ned
carpenter, hewer, sawyer
RUN away from the subscriber in Halifax county, North Carolina, last April, a
Virginia born Negro man named NED, about 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, has a
high forehead, a bold look, has very good sense, talks good English, one of his
under fore teeth out, and as for his clothing I cannot describe them. He is
branded on the inside of his right thigh B, and has been branded on the left do.
and left breast IL in a piece, though I am not sure they are plain, but the first is
plain. He is a good sawyer and hewer, and part of a carpenter, can play on the
violin, and will endeavour to impose upon the publick and pass for a freeman.
As I understand he intends to leave the colony, I must therefore entreat all
commanders of vessels, and others, that if such a person should offer his
service they will have him secured and delivered to the subscriber, who will give
5 I. reward. JAMES BARNES."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) November 3, 1768, p. 3, col. 2.
1769,
February
Will, Harry
sawyers
2
Hertford County, N. C.
�A SCHEME
of LAND,
for
disposing
SLAVES, &
c.
of (
by
belonging
way of LOTTERY,)
the several
to the subscriber, ....
A Negro
valuable
tracts
man Will, a
likely fellow, about 21 years of age; he is a good hand at the whip- saw and
scythe,
and any other plantation business .... A Negro man Harry, a likely
fellow; he is a good sawyer, and understands ditching ...." [ slaves
young
valued from £ 45 to £ 90, Will and Harry at £ 90 each; subscriber is Josiah
Sumner and drawing to be held at Hertford Courthouse.]
Virginia Gazette ( R) February 2, 1769, p. 3, col. 2.
Charleston
1769, April 18
vicin.,
S. C.
Bristol
house carpenter
RUN- AWAY from the subscriber, two negro fellows, named BRISTOL, and
ABRAHAM, very well known in Charles-Town: Bristol is a tall black fellow, by
trade a house- carpenter; Abraham is a tall mustee fellow, formerly the property
of Mr. Elianon Moncrief. Whoever will deliver the said fellows to me in GooseCreek, or to Mr. James Lingard in Charles- Town, shall receive FORTY
SHILLINGS reward, for each. PETER TAMPLET."
11111
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal April 18, 1769.
see below July 13, 1769)
Charleston,
1769, April 18
S. C.
York or Yorkshire
sawyer;
boatman
RUN AWAY from the subscriber, A NEGROE FELLOW, named YORK, or
YORKSHIRE, born in this province, is a black fellow, speaks thick and stutters
a little, he is a boatman and sawyer; and SARAH, a tall Guiney wench, with her
country marks down each side of her face, and her teeth look as if they had
been filed. The said negroes have been seen lately in Georgia, taken up by the
Creek
Indians.
Whoever
will deliver them to the Warden
of the Work
house
in
Charlestown shall receive fifty pounds currency reward for each of [ them]
WILLIAM
Georgia
1769,
COACHMAN."
Gazette
July
April 26, 1768.
1
Prosper, alias Jamel, John
bricklayer,
carpenter
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
�RUN- AWAY from the subscriber, the 20th of June last, a mustee fellow named
PROSPER; but calls himself Jamel, and sometimes John, a bricklayer and
jobbing carpenter by trade; is about five feet ten inches high, thin visage, a little
round shouldered, generally wears a large head of curled hair, has been lately
branded in his right cheek R, but it now only appears as a scar; had on when
he went away a negro cloth jacket turned up with blue, with breeches and boots
of the same, and petticoat trowsers, took with him an oznabrug and checked
shirt; he has lately been seen in Charles- Town, where he formerly lived, and in
which place he is, with good reason, believed to be harboured. Whoever will
apprehend
and deliver the said fellow to me at George- Town,
to Mr. John
Cogdell, Factor, in Charles- Town, or to the warden of the work- house, shall
receive
TWO GUINEAS
reward,
and
reasonable
charges.
All masters of
vessels and others are cautioned not to entertain or carry the said fellow off the
province. BENJAMIN TRAPIER. July 1 , 1769."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal July 4, 1769.
1769,
July
Charleston
13
S. C.
vicin.,
Bristol
carpenter
RUN AWAY from the subscriber, three NEGRO FELLOWS, named SCIPIO,
BRISTOL, and ABRAHAM; Scipio is a stout black fellow, this country born;
Bristol is a tall black fellow, a carpenter by trade, well known in Charles- Town
and at Goose- Creek; Abraham is a tall mustee fellow, plays upon the fiddle,
well known in Charles- Town and at Goose- Creek. Whoever delivers the said
fellows to me or Mr. James Lingard, shall receive FIVE POUNDS reward for
each. A reward of TWENTY POUNDS will be given for Abraham' s head.
PETER TAMPLETT. July 13, 1769."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal July 25, 1769.
see above April 18, 1769)
1769, August
8
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Bristol
carpenter
RUNAWAY
from the subscriber,
three
Negro
Fellows,
named
SCIPIO,
BRISTOL, and ABRAHAM: Scipio is a stout black fellow, this country born;
Bristol is a tall black fellow, a carpenter by trade, well known in Charles Town
and at Goose Creek; Abraham is a tall mustee fellow, plays upon the fiddle,
well knwon
in Charles
Town and Goose Creek. Whoever delivers
the said
fellow to me or Mr. James Lingard, shall receive FIVE POUNDS reward for
each. A reward of TWENTY POUNDS will be given for Abraham'
s
head.
July
�13, 1769 PETER TAMPLETT."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal August 8, 1769, p. 5, col. 2.
October 12
1769,
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Simon
carpenter
RAN AWAY, about the 12th of September, 1769, from the Subscriber, a
NEGRO LAD, named SIMON, the Property of Doct. Channing, but now
Apprentice to William Miller, Carpenter: He is a likely Fellow, about 18 Years
old, this Country born, and well acquainted at Goose- Creek, where he formerly
lived. Whoever delivers him to the Warden of the Work- House, to John
Edwards, Merchant, or to the Subscriber, shall be well rewarded for their
Trouble. WILLIAM MILLER. All Persons are forwarned from harbouring, or
employing the said Fellow."
South Carolina Gazette October 12, 1769.
1769, November
2
North
Carolina
William•
carpenter; cooper
Nov. 2, 1769. RUN away, on the 11th of September last, from the Subscriber
living in Bladen, a Negro Fellow named WILLIAM, aged about 25 Years, and
about 5 feet 8 Inches high; is well made, has lost some of his Upper fore- Teeth,
this Country born, Sensible, and speaks English very well; he is a good Cooper
and very handy at Carpenters Work. Whoever secures the said Negro
WILLIAM, so that his Master may have him again, shall have Five Pounds
Reward, paid by JOHN LUCAS."
Cape Fear
1770,
Mercury ( Wilmington) November 24, 1769.
January
30
Charleston, S. C.
Prince
painter
RUN AWAY from the subscriber, a mustee young fellow, named Prince, well
known in Charles- Town, lately belonging to Mrs. Perkins, a painter by trade,
very often undertakes jobs of his own head, both in town and country, and
meets with encouragement, altho' I have in the public papers forbid any person
employing him, without my licence: It is probable he is now in the country,
having
been met going out of town
lately,
with
a
paint pot
in his hand.
FIVE
�POUNDS will be given for taking him up, and TWENTY POUNDS to any person
who will prove, by whom he is employed. RAWLINS LOWNDES."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal January 30, 1770.
1770,
April
3
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Sam
carpenter;
cooper
RUN- AWAY from Mr. John Davies' s plantation, at Ponpon, near Jacksonburgh,
a MUSTEE FELLOW, named SAM, about five feet eight inches high, well
made; has a scar on the top of his head, and commonly wears his hair tied;
had on when he went away a purple negro cloth jacket and white breeches. It
is supposed he will pass for a free negro, as he has formerly done: He is a
good carpenter and cooper, and took with him some workman' s tools. Whoever
will devlier the said negro to the Warden of the Work- House in Charles- Town,
or to the subscriber
in Jacksonburgh,
shall have
Five Pounds
reward,
and all
reasonable charges paid, by JAMES RICHARDS. March 29, 1770."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal April 3, 1770.
41
1770,
May
24
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Ben
carpenter
RUN AWAY from the Subscriber' s Plantation
at BEACH- HILL, a black NEGRO
FELLOW, named BEN, formerly the Property of JOHN STEVENSON, very
much Pock-frecken, and can work a little at the Carpenter' s Business; he is
well- made, about 5 Feet 7 Inches high. Whoever delivers the said Fellow to me
at Dorchester, or to the Warden of the Work- House, shall receive THREE
POUNDS reward. GEORGE PORTER."
South Carolina Gazette May 24, 1770.
1770, June 6
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Dick
carpenter
RUN- AWAY from the Subscriber about two Months ago, a NEGRO FELLOW,
named DICK, formerly belonging to Mr. Thomas White, on Indian Land, by
trade a Carpenter, about Twenty-five Years of Age, short well set, very well
known about Charlestown and Wando, where it is probable he is harboured,
most
likely
at the latter,
having
there
a
father
who
is free: Whoever will deliver
�him to Mr. William Livingston,
in Charlestown,
or Mr. Thomas Rutledge, in
Beaufort, shall be entitled to a Reward of TEN POUNDS Currency, and all
reasonable Charges; and if harboured by a white Person, on Conviction, ONE
HUNDRED POUNDS, or by a Negro, TWENTY, from A. DEVEAUX."
South
1770,
Carolina Gazette June 21 , 1770.
July
3
Charleston,
S. C.
Jack
bricklayer
RUN- AWAY from the subscriber, the 12th instant, a MUSTEE fellow, named
JACK; had on when he went away, a blue pea jacket, he is well known in town,
and is by trade a bricklayer, formerly the property of Thomas Gordon, and
purchased at vendue by Bernard Elliott, Esq. Whoever will take up the said
fellow, and deliver him to the warden of the work- house, to Messrs. Atkins and
Weston, or Mr. Paul Porcher, shall receive FIVE POUNDS reward, and all
reasonable charges, paid by JOSEPH FERBIAN."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal July 3, 1770.
1770, September
8
Charleston
S. C.
vicin.,
Pompey
carpenter
RUN- AWAY from the Subscriber at Ponpon, last Sunday evening, a NEGRO
FELLOW, named POMPEY, by trade a carpenter, an artful, sensible fellow,
very much pitted with the small- pox, and was formerly the property of Mr. John
Webb, Merchant; he is well known in Charles Town, where it is supposed he is
harboured, as he was seen on his way to town; had on when he went away a
jacket and pair of trowsers of blue plains, and a speckled shirt. Whoever will
deliver the said fellow to the warden of the work- house in Charles- Town, or to
the subscriber at Ponpon, shall receive a reward of FIVE POUNDS. JOSEPH
BEE. September 8, 1770."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal September 18, 1770.
see below December 18, 1770)
1770,
December
18
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Pompey
carpenter
RUN- AWAY from the Subscriber,
at Ponpon,
two
NEGRO
FELLOWS,
NAMED
�POMPEY and ABRAHAM: POMPEY is of a very black Complexion, much pitted
with the Small- pox, by Trade a Carpenter; he is an artful, sensible Fellow, and
formerly advertised in this Paper; It is supposed he is harboured at Arthur
Middleton, Esq' s Plantation, on Ashley River, where he has a Wife, or in
Charles- Town, where he has been seen. ABRAHAM is a Mustee Fellow, about
5 Feet 6 Inches high, a sensible and cunning Rascal: He probably is harboured
at Mr. Thomas Farr, senior's Plantation, at Stono, where he has a Sister, or in
Charles- Town, where he is well known. A Reward of FIFTEEN POUNDS is
offered for POMPEY, and TEN POUNDS for ABRAHAM, to whomever will
deliver either of them to the Warden of the Work- House, in Charles-Town, or to
the Subscriber, at Ponpon. JOSEPH BEE."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal December 18, 1770.
see above September 8, 1770)
1771,
January
Charleston
31
vicin.,
S. C.
Sam
carpenter (?)
RAN AWAY from the Subscriber, in St. Stephen' s Parish, the 13th of January,
1771,
a stout Mustee Fellow, named SAM, about five Feet eight Inches high,
speaks good English, has lost one of his fore Teeth: He had on when he went
away, a blue Coatee and Breeches; and also carried with him a Hand- Saw, a
Square, and Blacking- Line. ALSO, A young Negro Wench, named PHILLIS,
this Country born, about 18 Years of Age. They were both lately bought of Mr.
John Davies,
Merchant
in Charles- Town, and brought from his Plantation
at
Ponpon, near Jackson' s- Borough. Whoever apprehends and delivers the said
Negroes to the Warden of the Work- House, shall have FIFTY POUNDS
Reward, and all reasonable Charges paid, by Mr. THEODORE GAILLARD,
Junior, in Charles- Town. JOHN GAILLARD. N. B. The Mustee Fellow, SAM, has
a Mother at the Indian Land, where it is thought he may be harboured."
South Carolina
1771,
Gazette
April 11
Abraham,
January
31 , 1771.
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
alias Charles
bricklayer
RUN- AWAY from the Subscriber, about the Beginning of January last, a Negro
Man, named ABRAHAM, by Trade a Bricklayer, who is well known in many
Parts of this Province, and in Georgia, having formerly been the Property of Mr.
Tatnell there; but since he absented himself he passes for a free Man, by the
Name of CHARLES, and has been employed by several Persons about
He is a talkative, grumbling, well- set Fellow, of a yellowish
Toogodoo.
�Complexion; 5 Feet 7 or 8 Inches high, 33 Years of Age, tho' he seems older,
and wears his Hair bushy and long below his Ears; his proper Dress consisted
of a Coat, Waistcoat, and long Trowsers of blue Plains, good Stockings, Shoes,
Silver Buckles, and an old Beaver Hat; but he some Times puts on a dark
Olive- coloured Coat, and blue Breeches, both of superfine Cloth, which he stole
from his Master when the former was quite new, the Sleeves of which being too
long for him, he had the Cuffs raised higher than they at first were. FIVE
POUNDS shall be paid, on his being delivered to the Warden of the Work-
House; but those who apprehend him must be very attentive, else he will give
them the Slip; and Masters of Vessels are cautioned not to carry him off.
LIONEL CHALMERS.
South
1772,
Carolina
February
April
Gazette
11 , 1771."
April
11 , 1771.
18
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Scipio
carpenter
RUN- AWAY from the subscriber in St. John' s parish, about two months ago, a
negro fellow named SCIPIO, country born, by trade a carpenter, having worked
for some time in the employ of Mr. Bull, in Charles- Town, about which place he
is known, and supposed to be harboured, having been several times jobbing
about, and told it was with my permission. SCIPIO is a likely black fellow, about
23 years of age, 5 feet and an half high, with thick bushy hair; he had on when
he went away, a brown clouded, or ( as is termed) a thunder and lightning cloth
surtout coat, blue jacket, and white negro cloth boots. I hereby forbid all
persons whatever from harbouring or employing the said fellow, on pain ( if to
be proved) of having the LAW put in execution against them. A reward of TEN
POUNDS, will be paid to any person that will deliver him to Mr. William
Doughty, merchant, in Charles- Town, to the warden of the work- house, or to
me in the parish aforesaid, with reasonable charges. JOHN FREIRSON."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal February 18, 1772.
1772, March
2- 9
Cumberland County, N. C.
Bob or Robert
carpenter;
cooper,
hunter
RUN away from the subscriber in North- Carolina, Cumberland County, on or
about the 14th of December last, a MULATTO MAN named Bob, otherwise
Robert, about five feet eight inches high, stout made, some parts of his face
appear blacker than others, has a small speck about the bigness of a pin' s
head on his lower lip; he understands carpenter's and cooper's work, and is a
remarkable
good
hunter. He had with
him
when
he went away,
a rifle
gun,
a
�small [
]
bay horse, saddle and bridle. Whoever apprehends said fellow, and
brings him to me in Cumberland County aforesaid, shall receive TWENTY
POUNDS PROCLAMATION
MONEY reward, besides all reasonable charges. It
is supposed he has procured a pass for himself, and that he will pretend to be
a free man, and it is suspected he is gone to the southward. FARQUHARD
CAMPBELL."
South Carolina and American
General Gazette March 2- 9, 1772.
1772, April 6- 13
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Jacob
carpenter
RAN away from my Plantation at Ashepoo joining the Fish Pond Bridge, the
two following NEGROES, viz. JACOB, of a yellowish complexion, about five
Feet nine or ten Inches high; he is a Carpenter by Trade, and a Native of this
Province. It is most probable he is somewhere about Jacksonborough,
near
which Place he has lived for ten or twelve Years past, where he has a very
general Acquaintance, and was but lately removed from thence. The other is a
tall stout black Fellow named MONDAY, about six Feet high, has been in the
Province five or six Years, but of what Country originally is not known; he was
lately
the
Property
of Mr. John
Miller of [
],
by whom he was purchased a
new Negro, and with whom he lived until about eighteen Months ago, when he
was purchased at one of the Provost- Marshal' s Sales, to which Part of the
Country it is most natural to suppose he is returned. Whoever will apprehend
either or both of the said Negroes and deliver them or either of them to me or
the Warden of the Work- house in Charlestown, or to my Overseer at Ashepoo,
shall receive a Reward of TEN POUNDS for each of them. JOHN MATHEWS."
South Carolina and American General Gazette April 6- 13, 1772.
1772, April 6
Charleston, S. C.
Robert ( Bob) Lindsey
house carpenter
RUN- AWAY on the second Instant, from the Subscriber, a Mulatto Man,
named ROBERT LINDSEY, commonly called BOB, a House Carpenter by
Trade, well known in Charles-Town, and passes for a free Fellow. Whoever
delivers him to me, or the Warden of the Work- House, shall receive TWENTY
POUNDS Currency; and whoever will inform of his being harboured by a white
Person, free Mulattoes or free Negroes, on Conviction of the Offender, shall
receive a Reward of FIFTY POUNDS, from JOHN ERNEST POYAS. April 6,
1772.
N. B. All Masters
of Vessels
are
cautioned
against carrying him off the
�Province, as they will answer the same at their Peril."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal April 7, 1772.
1772, April 7
Charleston
vicin.,
S.C.
John and Bellier
sawyers
RUN- AWAY about ten days ago, from Mrs. Mary Russell' s estate plantation, in
St. Thomas' s parish, two negro FELLOWS, called JOHN and BELLIER; they
had on when they went away, white negro cloth jackets and trowsers: John
stammers when he sepaks, and Bellier is a very sensible young fellow, this
country born, both about 5 feet 7 inches high, both sawyers and plantation
slaves. Whoever brings them to me, or either of them, or to the work- house, in
Charles- Town, shall receive FIVE POUNDS reward for each, and reasonable
charges; and if any person gives information of their being harboured by white
people Twenty- five Pounds currency, and by negroes Ten Pounds, on
conviction of the offenders, from ANDREW DEVEAUX, Administrator of Mary
Russell' s estate."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal April 7, 1772.
1772,
July
6
Charles Harding, alias Dick
Baltimore County, Md.
carpenter, joiner, painter
TEN POUNDS REWARD. July 6, 1772. RAN away from the Subscribers, living
near Soldier' s Delight, in Baltimore County, Maryland, a dark Mulatto Slave,
who goes by the Name of CHARLES HARDING but formerly by the Name of
DICK; about 30 Years of Age, 5 Feet 7 Inches high, large Nose, hollow eyed,
low Forehead, has upwards of Forty Scars on his Head of different Sizes, well
made, has a small Scar on the upper Part of his Nose on the left Side, a small
Scar on the right Side his under Lip, close knee' d, his shins bend forwards,
some Scars on the small of his legs occasioned by wearing of irons, a large
Scar on the Outside of his left leg occasioned by a Burn, a Scar on one of his
Thumbs, he has been unmercifully whipped from his Neck to his Knees, which
he says was by his former Master, is a Carpenter and Joiner by Trade, and can
paint, which he learned of Lewis Altmorn, of Nanceman County in Virginia who
sold him to Edward Voss, a Bricklayer by Trade, and worked in sundry Parts of
Virginia, and when the said Slave ran away from him, living in King and Queen
County near Rapahannah, got by Water to Philadelphia, and from thence
travelled through Lancaster and York Counties to Hanover-Town, where he
continued, from about the Year 1765 to the Year 1772, as a free Man, and
since
he left his former Masters in Virginia, has learnt to read and
write,
and to
�play on the Violin; it is possible he may forge a Pass and change his Name, as
he has done before: Took with him a Castor Hat, a Suit of white Russia Drab
Cloath [ sic], a blue Cloth Coat, red striped jacket, a new redish brown BroadCloth Jacket much too large for him, new darkish coloured Cotton- Velvet
Breeches
with large old fashioned
Pocket Flaps, Shirts, Stockings
and Shoes of
different Sorts, and large plated Buckles. Whoever secures the above Slave in
any jail, so that his Masters get him again, shall receive Five- Pounds, and if 50
Miles from Home Seven Pounds Ten Shillings, and if 100 Miles the above
Reward; and reasonable Charges if brought Home, Paid by SAMUEL OWINGS,
jun. ALEXANDER WELLS."
Maryland Gazette July 16, 1772, p. 3, col. 1.
1772,
August 5
Cecil County, Md.
Jem
carpenter;
blacksmith,
farmer
FIVE POUNDS REWARD. RUN away the 15th of July, at night, from Elk
Forge, in Caecil county, Maryland, a Mulattoe SLAVE, named JEM, about 28
years of age, and about 6 feet 2 inches high, and well proportioned to his
height, can read pretty well, and talk Dutch, was born in Kent county, Maryland,
is a cunning ingenious fellow, and probably will endeavour to pass for a
freeman, is a good workman in a forge, either in finery or chafery, can do any
kind of smith' s or carpenter' s work, necessary about a forge, can also do any
kind of farming business; had on, and took with him, a felt hat, of the best kind,
Philadelphia
make, a black broadcloth coat, blue and white striped linen vest,
fine white shirt, new buckskin breeches, thread hose, good pumps, and narrow
trimmed plain silver buckles; he also took with him, one tow shirt, one pair of
tow trowsers, and a coarse brown cloth jacket. Whoever takes up said Slave,
and secures him in any goal, and gives notice thereof to the subscriber, at said
forge, shall have the above reward; and if secured in Philadelphia goal, or
brought home, reasonable charges besides, paid by ISAAC ATTMORE, in
Philadelphia,
or THOMAS
MAY."
Pennsylvania Gazette August 5, 1772, p. 4, col. 1.
1772, September
15
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Will
rough carpenter; cooper
Three
Hundred
Pounds
Reward.
St. Stephen' s Parish,
September
15, 1772.
RUN- AWAY from the subscriber, about fifteen months since, two negro fellows
and a wench, viz. WILL, GEORGE, and SYLVIA: WILL, about twenty five years
of
age,
five feet eight inches high, of
a
yellowish
complexion,
is
slim
and
a
little
�knock knee' d, has his teeth filed, and his country marks in his face, is a cooper
and rough carpenter by trade: GEORGE, about twenty years of age, five feet
five inches high, of a dark complexion, is very artful; he has been used to
attend horses: SYLVIA, is a likely young wench, about five feet inches high, of
a yellowish complexion, her teeth filed; she has attended in a house. A reward
of One Hundred and Fifty Pounds, currency, will be paid on delivery of the
above negroes, to the Warden of the Work- House, or at his plantation in St.
Stephen' s parish, near Murray' s ferry, or in proportion for one if taken in the
province. THOMAS WEST, An Overseer, of a swarthy complexion, about
twenty five years of age, five feet seven inches high, very slim, who lived at the
subscriber' s plantation about three years, and just about the time the said three
negroes run- away, he left him. It is generally imagined the said Thomas West
has carried
the said negroes
into North
Carolina,
Virginia,
or Maryland,
and
may offer them for sale: All persons are hereby cautioned not to purchase the
said negroes, and if purchased by any person, they are hereby required to
deliver the said slaves to the proprietor, or they may depend on being
prosecuted to the utmost rigour of the law. A reward of Three Hundred Pounds,
currency, will be paid on delivery of the negroes, or in proportion, if taken out of
the province; and a further reward of One Hundred Pounds, will be given, to
whoever will give information of their being carried out of the province, or being
harboured by a white person, on conviction of the offender. JOHN GAILLARD."
ID
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal November 3, 1772.
see also Cape- Fear Mercury ( Wilmington) January 13, 1773 and Virginia
Gazette ( PD) January 14, 1773, p. 3, col. 2.)
1772, October
6
Charleston,
S. C.
Caesar
bricklayer
RUN- AWAY
from the subscriber,
about two months
ago, a negro
fellow
named
CAESAR, a bricklayer by trade, and well known in Charles- Town; he is a stout
able fellow, about 5 feet 5 inches high, of a very black complexion, has large
legs, big mouth, and some of his country marks on his breast. Whoever
apprehends
and delivers
him to me, or the warden
of the work- house,
shall
receive TEN POUNDS currency reward, and all reasonable charges; and
whoever will inform of his being harboured by any person, shall be well
rewarded, by MARTIN MILLER."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal October 6, 1772.
1772, December
Davy
carpenter
24
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
�RUN AWAY, About the Middle of NOVEMBER last, from the Subscriber' s
Plantation, on SANTEE, A short likely NEGRO FELLOW, Named DAVY, about
five Feet five Inches high, and Twenty- five Years of Age: He can work a little at
the Carpenter's Trade, has a large Bump on his right Leg, which has been
broke. He had on when he went away a black Cloth Jacket, and white Russia
Drab Breeches, Whoever will deliver him to the Warden of the Work- House in
Charles- Town, or to the Subscriber, at his Plantation on Santee, shall receive
FIVE POUNDS Reward, and all reasonable Charges, from ISAAC LE GRANT."
South Carolina Gazette December 24, 1772.
1773,
January
21
Charleston, S. C.
John
carpenter
RUNAWAY from the SUBSCRIBER,
A MULATTO MAN, named JOHN, About
Forty Years of Age, by Trade a Carpenter, Five Feet Six or Seven Inches high,
well sett, a smooth tongue' d Fellow, talks good English, and may pass for a
Free Man as he has done before. Whoever takes up the said Fellow and
delivers him to the Warden of the Workhouse, or to me in Charles-Town, shall
receive TEN POUNDS Reward, and reasonable Charges paid by PATRICK
HINDS."
South Carolina
1773,
Gazette
January
21 , 1773.
March 8
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Simon and Ned
carpenters
FORTY POUNDS Reward. RUN- AWAY from the Subscriber, on Monday the
first day of March instant, two sensible Negro men, named SIMON and NED,
both carpenters by trade, and speak good English. Simon is a well- made black
Fellow, of the Guinea country, about five feet nine inches high, one of his feet
has been split with an ax, and is grown up in a ridge: Ned is a short, well- made
fellow, of the Angola country, about five feet four inches high. They carried with
them both blue and white Clothes. Whoever apprehends and delivers the said
run- away Negroes to me, at my plantation at Horse- Savannah, or to the
Warden of the Work- house, in Charles-Town, shall receive a reward of Twenty
Pounds for each, and all reasonable charges paid: And I Will give a further
reward of Fifty Pounds to any person who can prove that they are harboured by
a white
person,
and
Twenty
Pounds,
if
by
a
Negro,
upon
conviction
of the
�offender.
SAMUEL
WAINWRIGHT.
Charles- Town,
March
8, 1773."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal March 9, 1773.
see below June 24, 1774)
1773,
May
24
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Sambo
carpenter
RUN AWAY from the Subscriber, On TUESDAY the 11th of MAY Instant, A
Negro Fellow, named Sambo, Belonging to the Estate of WILLIAM
McLAUGHLIN, deceased; he is about Five Feet Eight Inches high, and about
Twenty-one Years of Age, rather close kneed, a Carpenter by Trade; has the
lower End of his right Ear grown in a Knob, and has a Father at Mr. John
Wragg' s, where probably he may be harboured. Whoever delivers the said
Fellow to the Warden
of the Work- House
in Charles- Town,
or to the Subscriber
at Cane- Acre, shall receive FIVE POUNDS Currency Reward, and all
reasonable Charges paid, by GEORGE LIVINGSTON."
South Carolina Gazette May 24, 1773.
III
1773, June 9
Hertford County, N. C.
name not given
hewer,
sawyer
TEN POUNDS REWARD. RUN away from the Subscriber, about January last,
a NEGRO MAN about forty Years of Age, a short thick Fellow, very black, both
Ears cropped, has a Brand on his Forehead, though hardly perceivable, and a
large Hole in one of his Legs, occasioned by a Bite from a Dog; he can read
and write tolerably, and is a very good Hewer, Sawer, and Fiddler. I expect he
is somewhere
about Norfolk, or the Great Bridge, in Virginia, and will endeavour
to pass for a Freeman. HERTFORD County, North Carolina, JUNE 9, 1773.
JOHN HARE."
Virginia Gazette ( PD) June 24, 1773, p. 3, col. 3.
1773, August
20
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Saul
carpenter
RUN AWAY
about a Month ago, From
Mr. MAZYCK' s Plantation;
on Santee,
Two young NEGRO FELLOWS, Named SAUL and JACK: The First is a
Carpenter
by
Trade, about Five Feet and
an
Half high, and is very smart and
�sensible; Jack was not bred to any Trade, is about Five Feet five Inches high,
and very sensible and knowing. They are both stout well- made Fellows, and
had heavy Irons on their Legs when they went away. They made their Escape
in a large Canow belonging to Mr. JONAH COLLINS, and are supposed to be
gone Inland for Georgia; they also took with them a Quantity of Carpenter' s
Tools. Whoever will deliver them to the Warden of the Work- House in CharlesTown, or to Mr. JOHN RANTOWLE, in Elliott- Street, shall receive TEN
POUNDS Currency Reward for each, and all reasonable Charges paid. N. B.
They were formerly Free, and are well known in Georgia by the Names of Saul
and John Winners. They were born in Bermuda, and may probably attempt to
get a Passage thither. August 20th, 1773."
South Carolina Gazette August 23, 1773.
1774,
February
9
Savannah, Ga.
Jack
house carpenter; waiting man
Twenty Pounds Sterling Reward. RUN AWAY from the subscriber some time
ago, A NEGROE MAN, named JACK, about five feet eight inches high, 21
years of age; he formerly belonged to Mr. Alexander Kennedy, Merchant, of St.
Croix, and on which island he was born; he is an artful fellow and speaks good
English, and understands a little of the house carpenter's business, also a good
waiting man; he used to wear ear-rings, and had on when he went away a suit
of green cloaths with yellow livery.
ALSO RUN AWAY, A NEGROE MAN, named BEN, about five feet ten inches
high, 24 years of age, born in Bermuda; he is also an artful fellow, and speaks
pretty good English; he is used to the sea, and has been employed in the
drogging business for some years in this province. The sum of ten pounds
sterling reward, besides reasonable charges, will be given, on delivery of each
of said Negroes to Mr. Andrew Lord, of Charlestown, or in Savannah to
SAMUEL DOUGLASS."
Georgia Gazette February 9, 1774.
1774, March 8
Savannah,
Ga.
Jack
sawyer
RUN AWAY, A NEGROE FELLOW, named JACK, about five feet eight or nine
inches high, of a yellow complexion, can saw with a whipsaw and play a little
on the fiddle, had on a brown surtout coat, leather breeches, and very fine hat,
wears a handkerchief about his head, had no shoes, but it' s supposed bought a
pair of
new ones
as
he had money
with him; it is thought
he is gone to
�Carolina, where he was born. A reward of thirty shillings will be given to any
person who will deliver him to me, and if harboured by a white person three
pounds will be paid to whoever shall give such information as to convict the
offender. PETER JOHNSON.
Savannah,
March 8, 1774."
Georgia Gazette March 9, 1774.
1774, March
14
South Carolina
Sandy
carpenter
Fifty Pounds Reward. RUN AWAY from the Subscriber, and it is supposed
may travel towards North- Carolina, a Negro Man, named SANDY, About 5 Feet
9 or 10 Inches high, a little pitted with the Small- Pox, a Carpenter by Trade,
and had on when he absconded, a blue Surtout Coat, Drab Coatee, Flannel
Robbin, and Leather Breeches: At the same Time took away, a grey Horse
about 14 Hands and an Half high, branded IH in one on the mounting Shoulder.
I will give £ 5 Reward for the Horse,
my Named forged thereto, I will give
and as I am told SANDY has a Ticket with
a
further Reward of £ 50 to whoever shall
convict the Person guilty of the Forgery. CHARLES MOTTE."
South Carolina Gazette March 14, 1774.
1774,
April 18
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Bob
carpenter; sadler, shoemaker, tanner, wheelwright
ABSENTED himself from the Subscriber, On SATURDAY the 9th Instant, BOB,
a Mulatto Fellow, Upwards of Six Feet high, thin Visage, knock-kneed, a Scar
on one of his Legs occasioned by the Cut of an Ax, about 45 Years of Age. He
was once the Property of Capt. Aikin, is remarkable artful and ingenious. It is
supposed he will endeavour to leave the Province, or get to the Back Parts and
follow the Business of a Tanner, Shoemaker, Sadler, Carpenter, or
Wheelwright. He has Money and Cloaths sufficient to make his Appearance
suitable to his Intention, and it is not improbable, but he may shew some Kind
of Pass, which he might have got of some infamous Person. All Persons are
hereby cautioned against him, and whoever will deliver him to the Warden of
the Work- House in Charles- Town, or to any of the Country Goals, shall be
rewarded agreeable to the Case, by ROBERT JOHNSTON. St. Thomas' s, April
12th, 1774."
South Carolina Gazette April 18, 1774.
�1774, June 6
Charleston,
S. C.
Joe and Sam
carpenter
and bricklayer
RUN AWAY from the Subscriber the 2d Instant, an Negro Man named JOE, a
Carpenter by Trade, Country born, well known about Town, a very black Fellow,
well made, about 5 Feet 10 Inches high, artful and sensible, and carried with
him his Wife, named FLORA, Country born, and speaks very proper, brought
up about House Work, and is very remarkable, having when a Child burnt three
or four of her Toes almost off, on her left Foot: They are supposed to be gone
to the Southward; THIRTY POUNDS Reward will be given for JOE, and
TWENTY
for FLORA,
delivered
at the Work- House.
RUN AWAY
also,
about
a
Year ago, a Mustee Fellow, named SAM, a Bricklayer, well- known in Town, and
is supposed to be harboured about Ashley- Ferry, having a Wife at Doctor
Honour' s where he has been several Times seen, and at Mr. William Scott' s, by
the Ferry, who owns his Father: FIFTY POUNDS Reward to any Person that
will deliver him in the Work- House, to be paid by WILLIAM HARVEY. June 6,
1774."
South Carolina Gazette June 6, 1774.
1774,
June
24
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Simon and Ned; Bob and Abel
carpenters;
sawyers
SIXTY POUNDS REWARD. RUN AWAY the 20th instant, four negro men, viz.
SIMON and NED, carpenters; Simon is a well made black fellow about 5 feet
10 inches high, and about 28 years of age, one of his feet has been split with
an ax, and is grown up with a ridge: Ned, is a short well made fellow, of the
Angola country, about 5 feet 4 inches high and about 27 years of age; he has
several scars on his head. I do hereby promise a reward of TWENTY POUNDS
for each of the above negroes, to any person that will deliver them to me at my
plantation at Horse- Savannah: They carried their carpenters tools with them, in
order to deceive people who may meet them. The other two negroes are
sawyers; the one named BOB is a well set fellow, near 6 feet high, his knees
pretty close, and walks battle hamm' d, has very large feet, and a scar on his
face, this country born, about 24 years of age: ABEL, is about 5 feet 8 inches
high, this country born, has weak eyes, and is well shaped. I will give a reward
of TEN POUNDS currency, for each of the two last mentioned negroes, besides
all reasonable charges, to any person that will apprehend and deliver them to
me at my plantation aforesaid; and do hereby offer a further reward of FIFTY
POUNDS, to any person or persons, that will give me certain information of
there being harboured by any white person or persons, and TEN POUNDS if
�harboured by a negro, on their being convicted. SAMUEL WAINWRIGHT. June
24, 1774."
South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal June 28, 1774.
see above March 8, 1773)
1774, September
Primus
Charleston
26
and Alexander
vicin.,
S. C.
Gowen
carpenters
RUN away from the subscriber the beginning of August, PRIMUS, a short well
set fellow, of a yellow Complexion, about five feet three inches high, very artful
and cunning; was formerly the property of Mrs. Elizabeth Wise, who had
purchased him from Alexander Gowen, a free negro, of St. Bartholomew' s
parish, by trade a carpenter, at which Business Primus wrought for many years
about Ponpon, where probably he may be harboured. He had on when he went
away a short blue coat and robbin. I will give TEN POUNDS to any persons
who will deliver the said fellow to the Warden
of the Workhouse,
or to me near
Dorchester, and a farther reward on proving his being harboured either by white
or
black persons.
WILLIAM
MORGAN."
South Carolina Gazette September 26, 1774.
1774, November
Savannah,
16
Ga.
Ishmael
carpenter
RUN
AWAY
from the subscriber,
A NEGROE
MAN,
named
Ishmael,
well
known in Savannah as a jobbing carpenter; he has been seen frequently of late
about the wharves, and working on board of vessels, particularly at Yamacraw,
notwithstanding he has no ticket from me, or any other license authorizing him
to work out. Twenty shillings reward will be paid to any person who will deliver
him to me. ALEX. WYLLY."
Georgia
Gazette November
1774, December
15
16, 1774.
Annapolis, Md.
To be sold at public vendue, on Tuesday next the 20th instant, at the late
dwelling- house of William Buckland, deceased, for current money, Six men
servants of the following trades, viz. two bricklayers, a stone- mason, carver,
and painter, and five country born negroes; also a parcel of
carpenter
�household furniture, & c. MARY BUCKLAND,
JACQUES, admrs."
admx. JOHN RANDALL.
DENDON
Maryland Gazette December 15, 1774, p. 3, col. 1.
1774, December
19
Georgia
Quaco and Solomon
carpenters
RUN away from the subscriber in Georgia about the middle of September last,
TWO NEGRO MEN, carpenters by trade, viz. Quaco about five feet six inches
high, and Solomon about five feet ten inches high; had on when they went
away, blue negro cloth jackets and breeches; they were seen on their way to
Charlestown where they both have wives. Whoever will deliver said negroes, or
either of them, to Mr. John Fullerton in Charlestown,
or to me in Georgia, shall
receive a reward of TEN POUNDS for each. This is likewise to forbid all
persons to harbour said negroes, and whoever is guilty thereof will be
prosecuted to the utmost rigour of the law. CHARLES ODINGSELLS.
December
19th,
1774."
South Carolina and American General Gazette December 16- 23, 1774.
see below April 26, 1775)
1775, March
2
St. Mary' s County, Md.
Joss, alias Joss Collins
house carpenter, joiner
Ran away from the subscriber, living in St. Mary' s county, Maryland, on the 1st
day of January last, a negro man slave named Joss, he sometimes calls
himself Joss Collins, 23 years of age, about six feet high, by trade a housecarpenter and joiner; I have reason to believe that he is gone up to Culpepper
county, in Virginia, in company with a mulatto man, named Tom, belonging to
Mr. James Jordan: he had on, and took with him a cotton jacket and breeches,
osnabrig shirt, felt hat, white stockings, and a pair of country shoes. Whoever
secures the said negro so that I may get him again, shall receive eight dollars
reward, and if brought home, reasonable charges paid by CLEMENT
GARDINER."
Maryland Gazette March 2, 1775, p. 3, col. 2.
1775, April 26
Quaco
carpenter
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
�RUN AWAY from the subscriber at Little Ogechee, A NEGROE FELLOW
named QUACO, about five feet eight inches high, speaks good English, a
carpenter by trade, had on when he went away a blue negroe cloth jacket and
trowsers, and oznabrig shirt. This is to forewarn all persons from harbouring
said fellow, as they will be prosecuted as the law directs. Whoever will deliver
said fellow, to the subscriber, or to the Warden of the Work- House, shall
receive a reward of twenty shillings, besides all reasonable charges. CHARLES
ODINGSELL."
Georgia Gazette April 26, 1775.
see above December 19, 1774)
1775,
May
24
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
Sambo
axman, sawyer; hoe- and ploughman
RUN AWAY from the subscriber the 4th of April, a country born NEGROE
FELLOW, very black, six feet high, speaks very good English, something short
faced; tolerable well breasted, but gaunt made, very humble and smooth
spoken, pretends to be something complaisant, he is a good dancer and proud
of it, his name is SAMBO, but likely will change it, he is a good hand to plow, to
cut with an axe, or maul rails, work with a hoe, saw with a whip saw, drive
IDstaves, or to
do any plantation work, can read print, had when he went away
one of his toes lately cut next to his little toe, is about 30 years old, carried off
with him green sagathy breeches, oznabrig coat, brown coat, striped jacket,
white ditto corded, a white embroidered jacket with blue silk, white shirt, cap,
and band or neckcloth, he pretends to be a kind of a taylor. Five pistoles
reward will be given for delivering him to the subscriber near the mouth of Brier
Creek, on Savannah
river. PHILIP DELL."
Georgia Gazette May 24, 1775, supplement.
1775, August
4
Wilmington, N. C.
Cuffee
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber about ten days ago, an old Negro man, named
CUFFEE, a carpenter; he formerly belonged to the estate of Job Howe, senior,
deceased, and is in general very well known. Whoever apprehends and delivers
him to me, or the sheriff of New Hanover county, shall receive a reward of forty
shillings currency, and a further reward of Forty shillings will be paid to any
person who will give information of his being harboured by a Negro, and five
pounds if
by
a white
person
upon
conviction
of the
offender.
CORNELIUS
�HARNETT. Wilmington, August 4, 1775."
Cape Fear Mercury ( Wilmington) August 7, 1775.
1775, September 25
Charleston, S. C.
John
carpenter
RUN away from the Subscriber, THREE NEGRO MEN; the first, his name is
JOHN, he is a mulatto, about forty years of age, about five feet six inches high,
a sensible fellow, a carpenter by trade, had on when he went away a gray and
an osnaburgs coat with round brass buttons, good stockings and shoes, with
round silver plated buckles; it is thought he is gone his old range to Indian- Land
or Combahee: The second, his name is SAM, a mustee, with a large bushy
head of hair and a large belly, about five feet six inches high, about thirty years
of age, had on when he went away a check shirt osnaburg petticoat trowsers, a
shoemaker
by
trade, he
formerly belonged
to Hollybush &
Scotty and to Mr.
John Weston: The third, his name is OLIVE, a yellow fellow, about twenty- one
years of age, five feet six inches high, thick and punchy, very large feet, a
shoemaker by trade, had on when he went away a blue jacket and breeches.
Whoever takes up any of them shall have TEN POUNDS reward, besides all
reasonable expences. PATRICK HINDS. September 25th, 1775."
South Carolina and American General Gazette September 22- 29, 1775.
1775,
October 2
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
Isaac and Sawney
sawyer, squarer and carpenter
RUN AWAY from the subscriber about one month past, A NEGROE FELLOW,
named WILL, by trade a cooper, about five feet six inches high, of the Guinea
Country, slim make, bow- legged, with a large scar under his chin. ANOTHER
FELLOW, named ISAAC, a squarer and sawyer, about five feet eight inches
high, of the Guinea Country, and much knock- knee' d. ANOTHER FELLOW,
named WAPPING, about six feet high, very stout and lusty, bow- legged, and
much marked on the face, shoulder, and back, with his country marks.
ANOTHER FELLOW, named PRIMUS, a field Negroe, about five feet seven
inches high, of the Guinea Country, a stout well- proportioned fellow, with a
blemish in one eye. ANOTHER FELLOW, named ISHMAEL, a field Negroe,
about five feet seven inches high, of the Guinea Country, stout made, bow-
legged and having a finger cut off. A BOY, named SAWNEY, country born,
about five feet high, very active and well made, and understands part of a
carpenter' s business. A WENCH, named PENDA, about twenty- one years of
age,
about
five feet
six
inches
high,
of the Guinea
Country,
well
proportioned,
�and having country marks on her face. CHLOE, a girl, about fourteen years of
age, of the Guinea Country, stout and well made. I do hereby offer a reward of
twenty shillings sterling for each of the above Negroes, over and above what
the law allows, to any person or persons who will take up and deliver them, or
any of them, to Mr. James Robertson in Savannah, or to the Warden of the
Work- House there; and I do hereby promise a reward of ten pounds sterling to
any person or persons giving information of all or any of the above Negroes
being harboured and entertained by any white person or persons, to be paid
upon the conviction of the offender or offenders; and a reward of forty shillings
if harboured and entertained by any Negroe or Negroes, to be paid in like
manner upon conviction. JOSEPH CANNON. Savannah, 2d October 1775. The
above Negroes are most of them well known about the district of LittleOgechee."
Georgia
Gazette
1775, October
October
4, 1775.
27
Charleston,
S. C.
Abraham
bricklayer
RUN away from the subscriber, a Negro Fellow named ABRAHAM, by trade a
bricklayer, did formerly belong to John Mulryne, Esq; afterwards belonged to
Josiah Tatnell, Esq; both of Georgia, and lastly to Dr. Lionel Chambers, of
whom I purchased
him; also a Negro fellow, named TOBY, remarkable for
having one of his great Toes cut off. They are both artful and plausible, and will
endeavour to impose upon people. TWENTY POUNDS will be given for each of
their heads. Whoever harbours them may depend upon being prosecuted
according to law. WILLIAM MAXWELL. October 27th, 1775."
South
Carolina
and American
General
Gazette
November 24 -
December 8,
1775.
1776, November
14- 21
Charleston,
S. C.
Bob Lindsay
carpenter
MULATTO BOB. RUN away from the subscriber, about ten months ago a stout
Mulatto Fellow, named BOB LINDSAY; he is very artful, and sometimes
changes
his name;
is well known
in Charlestown,
where
he served
his time to
the carpenter's trade, and formerly belonged to Mr. Bourgett and Mr Poyas. He
worked at Savannah in Georgia, and has been seen working in Charlestown
and about Georgetown since he ran away, where he passes for a free fellow,
and may endeavour to go to North- Carolina. Any person taking up the said
fellow, and
delivering
him to the Warden of the Work- house in Charlestown,
�shall receive a reward of Fifty Pounds currency, and all reasonable charges, by
applying to Mr. Robert Brisbane, or to the subscriber. All persons are desired
not to harbour or to hire the said fellow, as they may depend upon being
prosecuted for so doing. WILLIAM BRISBANE."
South Carolina and American General Gazette November 21- 24, 1776.
1777,
6
January
New York City, N. Y.
Caesar
glazier
Eight Dollars Reward. RUN- away on Monday the 22nd of December, a negro
man named CAESAR, about 30 years of age, very short, well- set, bandy leg' d,
of a grave countenance, speaks civilly, and wants some of his fore teeth, wears
commonly a dirty looking cloth coat with buttons of the same colour, a new
round hat with high crown, and a set of silver shoe and knee buckles of open
work; in wet weather commonly wears boots, and has a variety of cloaths. He
passes himself for a free man and a glasier by trade. Whoever takes him up
and secures him in any Goal so that his master gets him again, shall receive
Eight Dollars reward, and reasonable charges, on application to the printer, or
the subscriber, at the ordnance- office in New- York. All persons are forewarned
not to harbour, employ, or carry off said negro. WILLIAM WOOD."
The New York Gazette: and the Weekly Mercury January 6, 1777.
1777,
February
13
Charleston,
S. C.
Valentine
carpenter; boatman
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS reward. Run away from the subscriber in March
1776, a Negro Man named Valentine, born in Virginia, is about 34 years of age,
speaks good English, and is very sensible and artful; he can read a little, and
pretends to be very religious, is of a yellow complexion, about 5 feet 9 inches
high, pretty strong made, has lost some of his upper jaw teeth, and has very
thick lips, is a very good boatman and a tolerable good carpenter, very handy,
and has been seen several times since he run away on Savannah- river, near
Silver- Bluff. Any person that will deliver said negro to Aaron Leecock, Esq; in
Charlestown, to Mr. Samuel Boykin at Granby, or to the subscriber at Camden,
shall
South
receive
the above
Carolina
reward.
and American
JOHN
General
CHESNUT."
Gazette
February
13, 1777.
�1777, March
Joseph
Bushwyck,
17
N. Y.
Thompson
carpenter
RUN- AWAY
Saturday,
on
8th inst.,
the
a negro man about 50 years of age,
goes by the name of Joseph Thompson: He is about 5 foot 11 inches high, has
a remarkable black spot under his eye. Had on when he went away, a grey
watchcoat, claret coloured breeches, and plain silver buckles; he often wears
boots,
can
play
upon
the
violin,
and work at the
carpenters
trade. --
Whoever
will bring him to Jacob Bennet, jun. at Bushwyck, or confines him, shall have
Ten Dollars reward, and all expenses paid."
The New York Gazette: and the Weekly Mercury March 17, 1777.
1777,
April
Charleston
10
vicin.,
S. C.
Joe
bricklayer
RUN away from the subscriber, a Negro Man named Joe, a bricklayer by
trade; he is a well made fellow, and very artful, has attempted to pass for a free
man, and thereby endeavoured to get out of this State. All masters of vessels
are hereby cautioned not to carry him off, and any person harbouring or
concealing him, will be prosecuted with the utmost rigour of the law. Whoever
will deliver him to the Warden of the Work- house in Charlestown, or to the
subscriber at the Four Holes, shall receive Ten Pounds reward, and all
reasonable
South
1777,
charges.
Carolina
June
THOMAS
and American
YOUNG."
General
Gazette April
10, 1777.
Charleston
10
vicin.,
S. C.
Jacob
carpenter
RUN away about the 10th of last month, from my plantation at Stono Landing,
a NEGRO FELLOW named JACOB, of a yellowish complexion, by trade a
carpenter, country born, he is a short well made fellow, had on a good coat
made of brown duroy, a blue broad cloth jacket, and white breeches. This is to
forewarn all persons from harbouring him, as they may depend on being
prosecuted. Any person delivering the said fellow to the Warden of the Workhouse in Charlestown, or at my plantation at Stono Landing shall receive a
reward of TEN POUNDS with all reasonable charges, from ROBERT
ROWLAND.
South
June
Carolina
10, 1777."
and American
General
Gazette June 12,
1777.
�1777, June 16
Charleston,
S. C.
Jack
carpenter
RUN away from the Subscriber, a Negro Man named JACK, this Country born,
he is short and very black, about 22 Years of Age, has been several Years at
the Carpenter'
Trade,
s
and is very well known in Charles- Town.
Whoever
apprehends the said Run- away, and delivers him to the Warden of the Workhouse, shall be intitled to Ten Pounds currency, besides lawful Charges.
BENJAMIN DART."
Gazette of the State of South Carolina June 16, 1777.
1777, August 4
Georgia
Ned
carpenter
RUN AWAY from the plantation of John Hume, Esq; in Georgia, about the 6th
of
July
last. A
negro
man
named NED,
by
trade
a carpenter --
a stout, well
made, sensible fellow; has a large bushy head of hair, which he wears
remarkably high; and is about 35 years of age. He formerly belonged to
Ebenezer Simmons, Esq; is well known in Charles- Town, and has several
relations
upon
John' s Island,
where
it is supposed
he will endeavour
to find his
way and conceal himself. TEN DOLLARS reward will be paid, to any person
who delivers the said fellow to the warden of the work house in Charles Town;
and the same reward, with all reasonable charges, will be paid, if taken up in
this state and delivered
to his master
in Georgia."
Gazette of the State of South Carolina August 4, 1777.
1777, October
21
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
London
bricklayer
RUN away from my plantation in Saint Mark' s parish, a negro man named
London, a Bricklayer by trade: he did formerly belong to the late Mr. Thomas
Else, deceased, and served his time to Mr. Horlbeck in Charles- Town, where
he has worked ever since, until lately, and where he is well known: As he has
lately been frequently seen in town, I have reason to believe, that he is
harboured by some person in it. Whoever will apprehend the said negro man
London,
and deliver
him to me, or the Warden
of the Workhouse,
shall receive
Ten Pounds reward. And any person who will give me information, by whom he
is harboured or employed, shall receive Twenty Pounds, upon conviction of the.
�offender. THOMAS FARR."
Gazette
1778,
of the State of South
February
Carolina
October 21 ,
1777.
26
New Bern,
N. C.
Abraham
house carpenter; shoemaker
NEWBERN, NORTH- CAROLINA, Feb. 26. RUN away from the subscriber, a
mulatto man named Abraham, who he lately bought from Mr. Isaac Patridge of
this place, he is very likely and well made, near or about six feet high, tolerable
good house carpenter and shoemaker, about forty years of age, as to his
clothes I cannot give any particular description of them, but he has a plenty,
therefore
make no doubt but he will appear well dressed,
and have reason to
beleive [ sic] he has a considerable sum of money with him, he was seen about
ten days since on his way to Holly Shelter, in company with a mulatto man
named Lewis, belonging to Mrs. Barron, of this town, both on horse- back, he
was the property of the late Major David Barron, deceased, he is 18 years of
age, and about 5 feet 6 inches high, well set, has black hair which curles
naturally, remarkably large eyes, his face is much freckled, he will also appear
well dressed, as he has a plenty of clothes and money; it is expected they will
both keep together, and am very sure they will change their names, and
endeavour to pass as freemen, they will make the best of their way for South
Carolina, to enter on board some vessel, in order to make their escape to the
West- Indies, as Abrahhm [ sic] has relations in St. Eustatia. Any person
apprehending the said slaves, and securing them in any goal where the owners
can get them, shall have one hundred dollars reward, if taken out of the state
two hundred dollars, and if brought here all reasonable expences paid by
WILSON
BLOUNT.
N. B. They have been seen on their way to Cross- Creek,
and are supposed to be lurking about that place."
New Bern] North Carolina Gazette March 13, 1778.
1778,
May 1
John Fransway
Guildford County, N. C.
bricklayer
Guildford
County,
North Carolina,
May
1,
1778.
RUN away from the
subscriber, the beginning of last month, a negro fellow named John Fransway,
a tall yellow fellow, has a small scar on one of his cheeks, speaks broken
English, but understands the Spanish and French languages tolerably well. He
is by trade a bricklayer, and I supposed will endeavour to pass for a free man.
forewarn all masters of vessels and others, not to harbour or carry the said
fellow
off,
as
I am determined
to prosecute
any such
offender
or offenders,
to
�the utmost rigour of the law. A reward of Thirty Dollars will be paid to any
person that will take up the said slave, and deliver him to Capt. KOLB in the
Cheraw district, or the Warden of the Work house in Charlestown,
or to
WILLIAM COLTRANE."
South Carolina and American General Gazette May 14, 1778.
1778,
May
7
Charleston, S. C.
Will
painter, glazier; boatman
THE subscriber will give Ten Dollars reward to any person that will take and
deliver to him a negro fellow named WILL, by trade a painter and glazer,
formerly the property of Mr. Harry Miche; the said negroe is a stout well made
fellow, 26 years of age, and about 5 feet 6 inches high; he is supposed to be
either sculking about Charlestown, gone on board some vessels in the harbour,
or gone in some of the river boats, as he understands patrooning in both rivers,
and is a good boatman. Masters of vessels, and all others, are hereby
forewarned not to employ him, as they must answer the consequences at their
peril. He will likewise give Five Dollars reward to any person that will deliver to
him an old Ledger, containing several open accounts, that was lost or taken
away by mistake, about the time of the late fire. JAMES KEITH."
South Carolina and American General Gazette May 7, 1778.
1778, August
13
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Sam
carpenter
RAN away from the subscriber on the 30th of July last, three Negro Men, viz.
SAM, JOE, and MARCH. Sam is about 5 feet 8 inches high, a well made,
sensible fellow, very handy with carpenters tools, and is about 30 years old.
Joe is about 5 feet 9 inches high, strait limbed and clean built, of a yellow
complexion, stutters very much, and can seldom utter himself without tapping
his thigh 2 or 3 times with his right hand, is a shoemaker by trade, and about
27 years of age. March is a short well sett fellow, of the Angola country, but
speaks tolerable English, is about 25 years of age. Sam and Joe are country
born, and were cloathed in homespun; March had on an old negro cloth jacket,
dyed with tan. They were taken a few days after they went away, at
Wassamsaw, but made their escape again; it is suspected that they will go
toward Pedee, where they have some acquaintance. Whoever will deliver them
to me in Charlestown, shall receive Twenty Dollars reward for Sam, and Ten
Dollars for Joe and March, besides every reasonable charge; a further reward
of One Hundred
Pounds
will
be given for such information
of their
being
�harboured by a white person, as will convict the offender, by THOMAS
LEGARE, jun."
South Carolina and American General Gazette August 13, 1778.
1778, September
17
Charleston
S. C.
vicin.,
Will and Kent
carpenters
One Hundred Dollars Reward. RUN away from my Plantation called Fair Field,
four miles below Monk' s Corner in August last, eleven men and women slaves,
viz. Will, a stout well sett fellow, by trade a carpenter, about 5 feet 9 inches
high; Tobey, about 5 feet 5 inches high, without a toe on one foot; another
fellow called Tobey, whom I lately purchased of Alexander Inglis, Esq; and
suppose is harboured in Charlestown; Andrew, Bob and Morris, the last a
cooper; Kent, a carpenter, a most notorious villain and carries sufficient
evidence thereof on his quarters, being branded P on each; he is well known in
the lower part of St. John' s parish, and it is thought he is gone towards the
River
May.
Also, four
wenches,
Bess, Dina, E[ ] a and Phillis,
whom
I bought
in
town. I will give Fifty Dollars for apprehending and delivering Kent to the warden
of the Work house, or myself, and One Hundred Dollars for all the rest, or in
proportion for each, together with all reasonable charges. JOHN MITCHELL."
South Carolina and American General Gazette September 17, 1778.
1778,
December
24
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Hanniball, Big Jack, Mark, Ben, Will
sawyers
ABSENTED the 1st inst. five Sawyers, all black and artful: Hanniball, pitted
with the small pox; Big Jack, carries one shoulder higher than the other, both
clumsey made; Mark, very likely; Ben, pitted and stammers; Will, has the skin
of his legs cut in the exact form of ribbed stockings. FIVE POUNDS will be paid
for each on delivery to the Warden of the Work house, or in St. Thomas' s
parish to ROBERT JOHNSTON."
South Carolina and American General Gazette December 24, 1778.
1779,
January
20
Charleston,
London and four others not named
carpenters
Pursuant
to the
last will and testament
of William Miller, late of Charlestown,
S. C.
�carpenter deceased, will be sold to the highest bidder, on Thursday the 11th
day of February, at his late dwelling- house, on White Point, the following real
and
are
personal
Estate
carpenters ...
of said deceased
viz. ...
Also twelve Negroes,
of which five
Josiah Smith, jun. Edward Darrell Executors.
P. S. One of the carpenter negroes, a young fellow named LONDON, having
absconded about two months since, a reward of Twenty Dollars will be paid, for
delivering him to the Warden of the Workhouse, or double that sum to such
person as shall inform where or by whom he is harboured, to be paid on
conviction of the offenders."
Gazette of the State of South Carolina January 20, 1779.
1779,
February
10
Charleston,
S. C.
Billey
carpenter
One Hundred Pounds Reward. RUN away from the subscriber some time last
month, a Mustee Fellow named BILLEY, a Carpenter by Trade; he is stout and
well made, about five feet ten inches high, has a scar on one of his cheeks, is
very artful and probably may be a working at his trade about the town: A
reward of one hundred pounds is hereby offered to any person giving
information of his being harboured by a white person, and twenty if by a negro,
to be paid on conviction of the offender, and twenty pounds will be paid for the
delivery of him in Charlestown to the subscriber. JOHN BRAILSFORD."
Gazette of the State of South Carolina February 10, 1779.
1779, April 7
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Hampshire
carpenter
One hundred Dollars Reward. RUN away from my plantation in St. John' s
Parish, the following Negroes, HAMPSHIRE, a sensible, stout well- made black
Fellow a Carpenter by trade, and his wife SALLY, a short black Wench.
MINGO, a tall, slim likely Fellow, a Cooper by Trade: Bob, a short, elderly
Fellow, with his
wife
PHEBY. '
Tis imagined that they will incline toward Georgia,
as they lately came from Mr. Brewton' s Plantation, below the Town of
Savannah. A Reward of Twenty Dollars for each will be paid for delivery of
either of them at the Work house in Charles- Town, or to Mr. John Marion at
said Plantation
in St. John'
Gazette of
State of South
the
s
Parish.
MAURICE
Carolina
SIMONS."
April 7, 1779.
�1779,
July
16
Charleston
vicin.,
S.C.
Abraham
carpenter
RUN away on Sunday June 27, a negro fellow belonging to the estate of
Barnaby Brandford, named Abraham; he is a carpenter by trade, and carried
away some of his tools with him; he is sensible and crafty and may endeavour
to get employment. I do hereby forewarn all persons from employing or
harbouring the said fellow, and I will give a reward of Fifty Pounds to any
person who will give information of his being harboured by a white person, and
Twenty Pounds if by a negro; a further reward of Thirty Pounds will be paid on
his being delivered to the Warden of the Workhouse, or the subscriber near
Dorchester. MATHIAS HUTCHINSON."
South Carolina and American General Gazette July 16, 1779.
1779, September
1
Prince George County, Md.
Frank
carpenter
Two Hundred DOLLARS Reward. RUN away from the subscriber, on Thursday
the 20th of May last, a likely mulatto fellow named Frank, about five feet six or
seven inches high, square made, has a thick bushy head of hair, is about thirty
years of age, an artful insinuating villain, and when interrogated can give a
plausible account of himself. He has lost the use of the third finger of one of his
hands, so that he cannot shut it without the assistance of his other fingers; he
is by trade a carpenter, and tolerable good workman. He has been seen at
Alexandria and Colchester. It is imagined
he is gone down the country, &
also
intends to get off in some vessel. I have understood he has endeavoured to
enlist. Whoever will secure him in any jail, so that I may get him again, or
deliver him to William Brent, Esq; in Stafford county, shall be entitled to the
above reward. CLEMENT HILL. Maryland ( Prince George county) Sept. 1,
1779."
Virginia Gazette ( C) October 30, 1779, p. 4, col. 3.
1779, November 24
Charleston, S. C.
Isaac
carpenter
One Hundred Dollars Reward. RUN away from the subscriber, a likely young
fellow, of a yellowish complexion, named ISAAC, by trade a carpenter; he had
on a short brown coat, striped flannel jacket, leather breeches and woollen
stockings.
The
above
reward will be
paid
on
delivery
of said fellow to the
�warden of the workhouse, and the same sum on proof of his being harboured
or employed by any white person or Negro. The fellow has a wife belonging to
Mrs. Bellamy, and a mother and brothers belonging to Dr. Chandler, and
relations at Mr. Blake- Leay White' s plantation, at St. John' s, but is supposed to
be in town. If he will return to his duty immediately he shall be forgiven.
PLOWDEN
WESTON."
Gazette of the State of South Carolina November 24, 1779.
1780,
November
Charleston
4
vicin.,
S. C.
Ben; Jemmy and Jolberg; Achilles
sawyer;
carpenters;
sawyer
THE following NEGROES have absented themselves from the subscriber' s
plantation on the Congaree since the 15th of June last, viz. Cuffee, a fellow
about 30 years old, well made; George, a young fellow about 20 years old;
Sam, an old fellow, father to George; Peter, a stout young fellow; Ned, a boy
about 12 years old. These 5 negroes were bought of James Brisbane, Esq; and
came from his plantation near Savannah river, where tis probable some of them
are gone. Ben, a stout made fellow, a sawyer, about 30 years old, formerly
belonged to Alexander Wylly, Esq; and worked a long time within 7 miles of
Savannah on said Wylly' s plantation on the river; Jemmy, a stout well made
fellow, a carpenter, about 35 years old, formerly belonged to Thomas Lambull,
Esq; Juliet, his wife, a small yellow wench, whom he took along with him, she
speaks bad English; Moses, a very tall fellow, upwards of six feet high, very
black, he lately lived with Mr. Samuel Douglass in Georgia; Jolberg, a
carpenter; China, an ordinary fellow, about 30 years old, much ruptured, used
to live at Mr. Douglass' s in Georgia; Achilles, a stout fellow, about forty years
old, formerly the property of Alexander Wylly, Esq; a very good sawyer.
Sampson, a stout young fellow, a plowman and waggoner about 20 years old;
he lived last upon Peedee river with Mr. Thomas Lord; Rentey, a boy about 15
years old used to take care of my horses in town; Serra, a boy about 12 years
old, remarkable for a long visage; Titus, a boy about the same age, lately lived
with Mr. John Lord, at his plantation in Amelia Township. As several of the
above negroes have been enticed away from their real owner by sundry white
people, under a pretence of being made free, as they must before this time
have found themselves imposed upon, I promise, that if any of them return
home of their own accord, they shall be forgiven; and those who are near town,
may call on Mr. William Greenwood in Charlestown, for a pass to my plantation.
Any person who will give such information of the above negroes, so as they
may be had again, shall receive TWO GUINEAS reward for each negro.
ANDREW
South
LORD."
Carolina
and American
General Gazette
November 4, 1780.
�1781,
January
6
Charleston,
S. C.
Hercules
carpenter
ABSENTED himself twelve months ago, a negro fellow named HERCULES, a
carpenter by trade. A reward of Three Guineas will be given to any person that
delivers him to the subscriber. He is frequently seen in Charlestown, where he
may endeavour to get employ; but every person is hereby forewarned at their
peril, from employing, harbouring or carrying him off this Province, as the
subscriber is determined to prosecute to the utmost rigour of the law any
person so offending. PATRICK SIMPSON. N. B. If Hercules returns of his own
accord, he shall be forgiven."
South Carolina and American General Gazette January 6, 1781 .
1781,
January
East Florida
10
Caesar
carpenter
RAN AWAY from the subscriber in East Florida some time in September last,
A Negro Fellow, named CAESAR, formerly the property of Thomas Netherclift,
Esq. He is a tall slim made fellow, speaks bad English for country born, is by
trade a carpenter, but having been used to go in a schooner he may pass for a
sailor. Whoever takes up the said fellow, and commits him to the Workhouse in
Savannah, shall receive Two Guineas reward, and Ten Guineas to any person
or persons who will prosecute to conviction the person who harbours him now,
or who brought
him from
Florida.
WM.
PANTON.
Jan.
10,
1781 ."
Royal Georgia Gazette January 18, 1781 .
1781,
Prince,
February
8
East Florida
alias James
carpenter; boatman
Hampstead,
St. John'
s
River, East Florida,
8th
February
1781 .
RAN AWAY
from the above plantation, a likely NEGRO LAD, named PRINCE, about 18
years of age, his complexion
a little yellowish, speaks a little thick, French as
well as English; he is reported to have been put into the Provost a little before
the siege of Savannah, from whence he is supposed to have made his escape;
he is suspected
to have changed
his name to JAMES,
says
he is a free Negro,
and has been seen about Skidaway; he has wrought some time with a
carpenter, and is very handy in a boat. A reward of five guineas will be given
on his being delivered
at the aforesaid plantation to James Tims, or to the Hon.
�Martin Jollie, Esq. in Savannah."
Royal Georgia Gazette March 8, 1781 .
1781,
Charleston, S. C.
March 17
Prince
carpenter
RUN away from the subscriber the 27th of January last, a negroe fellow, called
PRINCE, about 21 years of age, and abgut [ sic] 5 feet 6 inches high, rather
slim made, with his country marks on his face, talks very good English and is
very active; a carpenter by trade, and has been employed in the QuarterMaster- General' s Department in Charlestown, likewise at Monck' s Corner, but
was delivered to me by orders from the said department, since which he made
his escape; he had on when he went away, a short blue jacket and a pair of
leather breeches; he has been seen a few days ago at the Quartermaster' s
yard in town. Whoever delivers the said negro to me in Charlestown, shall
receive Two Guineas reward; and if on conviction of his being harboured by a
white person Four Guineas,
if by a negro Three Guineas.
SAMUEL BAAS, No.
35, on the Bay. March 17, 1781 ."
Royal Georgia
1781,
May
Gazette March
17- 21 , 1781.
3
Savannah,
Ga.
Dick
carpenter
RAN AWAY from the subscriber the 23d ult. a NEGRO FELLOW, named
DICK, 5 feet 5 inches high, 27 years old, a good carpenter, has a wife and child
at Mrs. Patton' s, and is well known in Savannah, where he was brought up.
One guinea reward will be given to whoever delivers him to me or the keeper of
the gaol [ jail]; and any person harbouring him, or attempting to carry him out of
the province, will be prosecuted with the utmost rigour of the law by PHILIP
ALLMAN."
Royal Georgia Gazette May 3, 1781 .
1781,
May
16- 19
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Abraham
bricklayer
RUN away from the subscriber' s Southern plantations, in the month of June,
1779,
the
following
NEGROES,
viz.
�Tony
Leah,
Ely
Kate
Johnny
now in town
Billy
Abel, gone with the French
Brutus, at Mr. Blake' s plantation at the Saltketchers
Stepney, at Mr. Smith' s, Pocotaligo
Cain
Abraham,
Primus
Neptune
Dublin
Cyrus
Bella
Jack
Ben
a bricklayer,
now in Charlestown
The above is a true list of negroes belonging the the said subscriber. WILLIAM
MAXWELL."
Royal Georgia Gazette May 16- 19, 1781.
1781,
June
Savannah,
25
Ga.
Jack
carpenter;
cooper
RAN AWAY from the subscriber the 8th of June inst. A Negro Fellow, named
JACK, of the Guinea country, speaks good English, about 30 years of age, of a
yellow complexion, smooth faced, a cooper and carpenter by trade. Likewise a
Wench, named DIANA. A reward of eight dollars will be given for the fellow,
and five shillings for the wench, on delivery to WILLIAM TRANFIELD.
Savannah,
June 25, 1781 ."
Royal
Georgia
1781,
July
Gazette June 28, 1781 .
11- 14
Charleston,
S. C.
Joe
carpenter
Eight Dollars Reward. RUN away from his master, a negro man named JOE,
belonged once to Mr. John Gilmore, was formerly a free man, a carpenter by
trade, and used to work about the town, and is generally known from his bad
and deceitful behaviour; he is the greatest liar and most artful negro in this
province; he has for some time past been seen working in Broad- street, and
consequently
may still continue about the town. Whoever delivers him to the
keeper of the Sugar- house, or can give intelligence where he is concealed,
shall have the above reward, on applying at No. 190, King- street; and all
masters of vessels and others are hereby warned not to harbour said fellow, as
they will answer it at their peril."
Royal Georgia
Gazette
July
11- 14,
1781 .
�1781,
August 16
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
Cupid
carpenter
All persons having demands against the Estate of the Hon. James Read, Esq.
deceased, are requested to deliver them in, properly attested, to the
subscribers;
and those indebted
to said estate are requested
to make
immediate payment to REBECCA READ, Executrix. GEO. HOUSTOUN,
Executor. RAN AWAY from the Plantation of the said deceased, THREE
NEGROES, viz. Cupid, a carpenter, a very likely young fellow, with filed teeth.
Frank, a very artful young fellow, country born, remarkably thick lipped. And
July. A suitable reward will be given to any person who will deliver them, or
either of them, at the said plantation, or to the gaoler [jailer] in Savannah. All
masters of vessels and others are cautioned against carrying away the said
negroes; if detected in so iniquitous a practice they may depend on being
prosecuted with the utmost severity of the law."
Royal Georgia
1781,
October
Gazette August
16, 1781 .
South Carolina
4
Isaac
carpenter
RAN away from South Carolina near four years ago, and went to Savannah,
the following Negroes, the property of the late Capt. Richard Pendarvis, all
country born sensible slaves: LYMUS, a black well made fellow, between 40
and 50 years of age: BEN, son to Lymus, resembles him much, and is about 21
years old: ABRAM, about 23 years of age, of a yellow complexion, short and
well set, stammers a little: PETER, a black fellow, aged about 23 years, very
likely and well made: BILLY, also very likely, of the same age and complexion,
but lighter make, is a good waiting- man: DICK, ( sometimes goes by the name
of SAILOR) of a yellow complexion, stammers a little, is about 23 years old:
ISAAC, a mustee fellow, about 35 years of age, works a little at the carpenter
trade, is about 5 feet 7 inches high, and speaks good English: BETTY, wife to
Isaac, a slim black wench, about 5 feet 8 inches high, and 28 years old, with
three children, viz. KATE, about 13 years of age, and of a yellow complexion:
DANIEL, of a yellow complexion, aged about 12 years: a boy, of a yellow
complexion,
about 6 years old; she has had another since her elopement:
DEMBO, about 5 feet 10 inches high, of a black complexion, limps when he
walks, has a rouguish countenance, is supposed to be harboured in St.
Augustine:
The others are harboured
in Georgia,
most of them in the town of
Savannah. A guinea reward will be given for each of the above negroes
delivered
to the
Keeper of the Workhouse
in Savannah,
besides
reasonable
�charges. MARGARET PENDARVIS."
Royal Georgia Gazette October 4, 1781.
1781,
October
Savannah
25
vicin.,
Ga.
Boston
sawyer
RAN away from Mr. Brewton' s plantation near Savannah, belonging to Richard
Oswald, Esq. The following Negroes. PHILIP, a young middle sized fellow, very
stout made, speaks bad English. TITO, also a middle sized fellow, appears very
stupid, and is ruptured. GEORGE, a slender made fellow, almost grey headed,
very sensible, speaks good English, and is much pitted with the small pox.
BOSTON, a sawyer, pretty old, of a slender make, is very sensible, and
formerly belonged to a Mr. M' Pherson in Carolina. Whoever apprehends any of
the said negroes, and delivers them to me upon the plantation, or to John
Graham, Esq. in Savannah will receive a reward of five dollars for each.
JAMES
NIX, Overseer."
Royal Georgia Gazette October 25, 1781 .
1781,
December
19
Charlestown,
Ma. (?)
Joe
carpenter
RUN AWAY from his master Lieutenant de Bardeleben ( formerly in the
regiment of Diasurth) at Charlestown, and supposed to have gone on board a
ship, and sailed for New York, a Negro Man named JOE, of middle size, not
very black, but rather a brownish complexion, a Carpenter by trade. Whoever
meets or hears of said fellow, or actually is in possession of the same, is
desired to secure and bring him, or give notice thereof to Judge Advocate
Heym II, quartered at Mrs. Rosevelt' s, No. 20 Gold- Street, facing Ferry Street,
where further information about a handsome reward will be given."
The Royal Gazette ( New York) December 19, 1781 .
1782,
January
18
Charleston,
S. C.
Will
painter, glazier
RUN away, about six weeks ago, a negro man named WILL, by trade a painter
and glazier. There is reason to think he is employed and harboured by some .
individuals,
in and about
Charlestown,
where
he is better known than trusted.
I
�do therefore forwarn all persons whatever, not to employ, harbour, or conceal
the said negro WILL in future, as they shall answer the consequence at their
peril. HARRY MICHIE. Charlestown, January 18, 1782."
Royal Georgia Gazette January 16- 19, 1782.
1782, April 17
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
name not given
carpenter
Savannah, the 17th of April, 1782. Missing from the Governor' s Plantations
near Town within a few Days past. TWO NEGRO MEN, one named GALBA, a
cooper by trade, about 30 years of age, and the other a country born sensible
young fellow, about 20, a carpenter by trade. It is supposed that these Negroes
have been inveigled away, or possibly have gone on board of some vessel, and
secreted themselves, in hopes of getting away. A Reward of Two Guineas each
will be given to any person apprehending them, and delivering them, or either
of them, to the Keeper of the Work- House; and a further Reward of Ten
Guineas each to any white person who will give information and evidence
against any person who may have inveigled them away, or have harboured or
concealed them, or either of them, to be paid on conviction of the party. And all
Masters of vessels are requested to search and be very careful that no
Negroes are concealed or carried off in their vessels."
Royal Georgia Gazette April 25, 1782.
1783, September
Kent County, Md.
Shade
brickmaker,
carpenter,
sawyer;
farmer
SIXTEEN DOLLARS Reward. RUN away from the subscriber, living near the
Head of Sassafras River, Kent county, Maryland, on the 8th day of July last, a
Mulattoe fellow, named SHADE, about 30 years of age, and about 5 feet 9
inches high, well set and very active, has a remarkable scar on the right side of
his under jaw, occasioned by the kick of a horse, was raised to farming, though
he pretends something to other kinds of business, as sawing with the whip saw,
carpentry and moulding of bricks; had on, when he went away, a white
homespun shirt, grey linsey breeches, thread stockings, and good shoes, an
under jacket, without sleeves, a blue broadcloth coat, faced with red, and an old
hat. He was raised in Virginia, and thence sold into Sussex county, in
Delaware, near Lewes- Town, and afterwards to the subscriber. Supposed to
take with him two tow shirts, and two pair of tow trowsers. Whoever takes up
and secures said Mulattoe in any goal, so that his master may get him again,
�shall receive the above reward, and if brought home, reasonable charges, paid
by JOHN FRANCIS."
Pennsylvania Gazette September 17, 1783, p. 3, col. 2.
1783, October
Charleston, S. C.
1
Flint
painter
Run away from the subscriber, a Negro fellow named FLINT, by trade a
Painter, supposed to be harboured somewhere in this City. All persons
harbouring or employing the said negro, may depend on being prosecuted in
the
most
rigorous
Gazette
mode.
ANN WAGNER
of the State of South
Carolina
No. 75 Broad- Street."
October
1,
1783.
December 9
1783,
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
John
carpenter
Dec. 9, 1783. RAN away from the subscriber' s plantation on Savannah river in
the night of Friday the 29th of last month, a tall well made Negro Fellow, named
JOHN, ( but may probably now pass by some other name) by trade a carpenter,
of a yellowish complexion, about 38 years of age, well known in and about
Savannah; he went away in a new paddling cypress canoe, made to row with
two oars, and carried
with him a broad axe, a handsaw,
and several
other
carpenter tools, by which it is supposed he intends to pass as a free fellow, or
as having my permission to work out. Whoever will apprehend the said fellow,
and deliver him to me on the plantation, shall receive eight dollars reward; and
whoever can be proved to harbour, entertain, or employ him, will be prosecuted
with the utmost severity. JOHN CHANNING."
Gazette
of the State of Georgia
1783, December
December
11 ,
1783.
24
South
Carolina
Charles
carpenter
Ten Guineas Reward. NOW absent from me, A NEGRO MAN, named
CHARLES, of a yellow complexion, being of the Mestizoe Breed, about five feet
seven or eight inches high, very square built, well known in and about
Savannah, being employed there as a jobbing carpenter for upwards of four
years
past, during
which
time
he has endeavoured
to
pass for
a
free person.
�He was captured about December, 1778, in a schooner, on her way to
Charleston, and carried to St. Augustine, from whence he immediately made his
escape to Savannah, where, and in its vicinity, he has been harboured ever
since, particularly, as I have been informed, at Col. Deveaux' s plantation on
Savannah river, where he has, or has had, a wife. Some attempts having been
made to apprehend him at the last mentioned place, I am informed that he has
removed his quarters from thence to Mrs. Bulloch' s plantation on Skidaway.
The above reward, besides reasonable charges, will be paid to any person who
will deliver the said Negro man Charles to me at my plantation near Pocotaligo
in South Carolina. THOMAS HUTSON. December 24, 1783."
Gazette of the State of Georgia January 22, 1784.
1784,
January
15
Charleston, S. C.
Davy
carpenter
RAN AWAY A NEGRO MAN named DAVY, by trade a Carpenter, formerly the
property of Mr. Hart, the chairmaker, and lived some time with Mr. Cooke the
Carpenter. He is a stout fellow, about 5 feet 10 inches high, 35 or 40 years of
age, stoops a good deal, wears a long beard, and is well known in Charlestown
as a fiddler. He is supposed to be skulking about Mr. Andrew Hasell' s plantation
in St. Thomas' s, where he has a wife, or at Irish- town. Ten Guineas will be paid
to any person who will deliver him to the Subscriber at Goose- Creek, or to the
Keeper of the Work- House in Charlestown. THOMAS MIDDLETON. Jan. 15."
South Carolina Gazette and General Advertiser January 15- 17, 1784.
1784, January22
Savannah, Ga.
Peter
carpenter
RUN AWAY, TWO NEGROES, a fellow and a wench. The fellow is named
PETER, country born, black, very sensible, about five feet ten inches high, has
lost one of his little toes and half of one of his fore teeth, square made, a
jobbing carpenter. The wench is named DAPHNE, black, country born, sensible,
has one of her legs larger than the other, about five feet five or six inches high.
Any person delivering said Negroes to the gaoler [ jailer] in Savannah shall
receive three guineas for each; and I hereby offer a reward of ten guineas to
any person that will probe their being harboured by a white person, and the
harbourer may depend on being handled as severely as the law will permit.
THOMAS
Gazette
CATER."
of the State of Georgia
January
22,
1784.
�1784, April 2
Charleston,
S. C.
Jacob
sawyer;
boatman
Run Away from the Subscriber the 30th of March last, A Remarkable stout
Fellow by the name of JACOB, about 28 years of age, of a yellowish
complexion, northward born; is a good sawyer, and a middling good boatman;
was formerly the property of Mr. William Gordon, of Edenton, in North- Carolina.
Whoever will apprehend said negro, and secure him in any county goal, or
deliver him to the Warden of the Work- house in Charleston,
shall receive a
Reward of FIVE GUINEAS, and all other reasonable charges. FRANCIS
SALTUS. Charleston, 2d April, 1784."
South Carolina Gazette and General Advertiser April 3- 6, 1784.
1784,
May
19
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
Robin
carpenter;
cooper
ABSENTED from my plantation, the following NEGROES: Robin, a squat made
fellow, about 5 feet 5 inches high, about 45 years of age, has lost one of his
fore teeth, and is a cooper and carpenter by trade. His wife, Nanny, a sensible
house wench, about 5 feet 3 inches high, and about 43 years of age. They both
speak tolerable good English, have their country marks on their faces, and are
well known in and about Savannah; they went off in February 1783, and carried
with them a foolish child of 8 years of age. Esther, a sensible house wench, of
a yellow complexion, speaks good English, is about 23 years of age and 5 feet
6 inches high; also well known in Savannah, went off in September last. Buck,
a sensible fellow, speaks good English, is about 45 years of age and 5 feet 10
inches high, walks with his right foot much pointed out, went off in February
last, and had on a blue jacket and overalls. George, a black fellow, about 22
years of age and 5 feet 8 inches high, rather fat in the face, with small eyes
and large feet, speaks tolerable good English, went off in March last, and had
on blue jacket and breeches. A reward of 30 guineas will be paid for Robin,
Nanny, and George, or 10 guineas for any one of them, and 5 guineas for each
of the other two, with all reasonable charges, on their being delivered to the
Warden of the Work- House in Savannah, or to the subscriber on his plantation;
with a further reward of 10 guineas for each, on proof of his or her being
harboured by a white person, and 5 guineas if by a negro. Thomas Johnston.
N. B. If any of the above negroes come home they shall be forgiven. Hermitage,
Little Ogechee, 19th May, 1784."
Gazette
of the State of Georgia
May
27, 1784.
�1784, June 4
Savannah
Ga.
vicin.,
Edgar, Ishmael and Anthony
sawyer; carpenter and cooper; carpenter and cooper
RUN AWAY from the subscriber, the following NEGROES: Peter, a stout made
fellow, about 5 feet 9 inches high, very black, his lips very red, about 35 years
of age, has on his breast a brand of Sir James Wright' s name. More, a strong
made fellow, about 5 feet 5 inches high, very black, has been wounded on the
wrist by a sword, which is plain to be seen, about 35 years of age. Edgar, a
small fellow, about 5 feet 4 inches high, very black, a good sawyer, about 38
years of age. Tom, a straight well made fellow, about 5 feet 7 inches high, very
black, about 21 years of age. Will, a straight well made fellow, about 6 feet
high, very black, about 30 years of age. June, about 5 feet 5 inches high, very
black, about 30 years of age. Young June, a stout made fellow, about 5 feet 6
inches high, very black, about 20 years of age, has an impediment in his
speech. Emanuel,
a straight well made fellow, about 5 feet 7 inches high, of a
blackish complexion, about 23 years of age. Ishmael, a stout strong made
fellow, about 5 feet 8 inches high, very black, about 35 years of age, a jobbing
carpenter and cooper by trade. Anthony, a stout strong made fellow, brother to
Ishmael, about 6 feet 1 or 2 inches high, of a yellowish complexion, about 32
years of age, a carpenter and cooper by trade. Phillis, a stout made wench,
about 5 feet 5 inches high, very large lips, took with her a boy about 6 months
old. Also from the plantation of Mr. Thomas Johnston: Nelly, a low but stout
made wench, about 4 feet 10 inches high, she has large full eyes, speaks plain,
has been used to wait as a house servant, a good sempstress, about 19 years
of age. Sarah, sister to Nelly, much of the same make and features, she also
has been a house servant, about 17 years of age. A reward of two guineas will
be paid upon delivery of any of the above Negroes, and 30 guineas if
harboured by a white person, upon conviction of the offender. JAMES GUNN.
Cushall
Hall, June 4, 1784."
Gazette of the State of Georgia July 8, 1784.
Savannah,
1784, August 11
Ga.
Matt
carpenter,
squarer;
waitingman
RUN away from the subscriber March last, A NEGRO MAN, named MATT,
stout built, near six feet high, about 40 years of age, speaks good English, is a
good squarer and jobbing carpenter, and compleat waitingman. Whoever will
apprehend said negro shall, upon delivery to me in Savannah, receive FIVE
GUINEAS reward, and all reasonable charges. GEO. TROUP. 11th August,
1784.
N. B. If he comes
home
he shall
Gazette of the State of Georgia August
be forgiven."
12,
1784.
�1784, October
1
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
Peter
carpenter
RUN AWAY from the subscriber 19th September last, a Mulatto Fellow, named
PETER, stout and well made, about 5 feet 10 inches high, 28 years of age,
speaks good English, a jobbing carpenter, is handy about a house, but is fond
of liquor. Whoever will apprehend said fellow, and deliver him to me in Sunbury,
shall receive ten dollars reward; and if to the Warden
of the Work- House in
Savannah all reasonable charges will be paid by JOHN HARDY. Sunbury,
October 1,
1784."
Gazette of the State of Georgia October 7, 1784.
1785,
25
April
Charleston
S. C.
vicin.,
Scipio Jenkins and Sam alias David Evans
carpenters
Six Guineas Reward. Ran Away from the Subscriber, the 21st of March 1785
TWO NEGROES, viz. one thin black Fellow, about 5 feet and a half high, very
sensible,
the
can
read & write,
other a stout
squat
his name Scipio, but stiles himself Scipio Jenkins,
made
fellow Mustee
Fellow [
sic],
plays the violin, very
sensible named Sam, but when he absconded once before, he called himself
David Evans;
they are both handy fellows at the carpenter' s business & speak
proper. Whoever apprehends the said Fellows and delivers them to Major John
Postell,
each.
in Charleston
or to
the
Subscriber
at Winyaw, [
]
or three guineas for
George Pawley, Sen."
State Gazette of South Carolina April 25, 1783.
1785,
May
5
Charleston
vicin.,
S. C.
Moon
carpenter
Run away From the Subscriber, the following Slaves, viz. HECTOR of a
yellowish complexion absconded when the British troops were in Charlestown,
about 5 and a half feet high, about 32 years of age, very artful, and has lately
been seen in Charlestown.
high, between
MOON A dark Mulatto, about 5 and one half feet
35 &
40 years of age, a carpenter by trade, plays the violin &
well known in the city. He absconded in April 1784. JOE about 5 feet high, a
cooper by trade, yellowish complexion, very artful, has lost one of his fore teeth,
and is about 25 years of age; he has a wife at the plantation of the late Capt.
Thomas Tucker in St. Andrew Parish, near Wappoo Cut, where he was lately
seen.
Five Guineas for each delivered
to the
Subscriber
15
miles
from
�Georgetown. John Singellton."
State Gazette of South Carolina May 5, 1785.
1785,
May
Prince George' s County, Md.
27
Nick
carpenter
Mount- Airy, May 27, 1785. RAN away from the Subscriber' s plantation near the
Woodyard in Prince- George' s County State of Maryland, a Mulatto man, named
NICK, a carpenter by trade, 35 years of age, about 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high,
is round shouldered and stoops as he walks. Whoever takes up the said Slave
and brings him to the Subscriber, shall have EIGHT DOLLARS reward and
reasonable charges, paid by BENEDICT CALVERT."
Virginia Journal and Alexandria Advertiser June 2, 1785, p. 3, col. 3.
1785,
Stephen
house
Charles County, Md.
June 1
Butler
carpenter,
Newport,
sawyer;
cooper,
wheelwright
Charles-
County, June 1 , 1785. RAN away from the Subscriber on the
8th day of December last, a Mulatto Man SLAVE, who calls himself STEPHEN
BUTLER; he is a lusty Fellow, about 6 feet 2 inches high, thin visaged, has a
small scar on his right cheek bone and a large one on his side, occasioned by
the cut of a knife in a fray. - His clothes I cannot describe, as it is probable he
has changed them. - He plays on the violin, and can work a little at coopering,
sawing and wheel work, but is a tolerable good house- carpenter. - He is very
well known
as a
runaway
for 30 years
past,
and is about
50 years of
age. -
He
has been frequently concealed by white people, having ran away upwards of
one hundred times, some of whom I could now mention, but for the present
shall content myself by forbidding, at their peril, any person whatever from
harbouring or concealing him. - He is an artful insinuating fellow, a great liar,
and a coward; but if taken into custody will endeavour to make his escape. -
Whoever will bring the said Slave to his Master, shall receive, if taken in the
County, TEN DOLLARS reward, and if out of the County, TWELVE DOLLARS,
and if 50 miles from home, or out of the State, TEN POUNDS and all
reasonable charges, paid by LEONARD
Virginia Journal and Alexandria
BOARMAN."
Advertiser June 9, 1785.
�1785, June
17
Charleston, S. C.
Estate sale announced for June 27, including " The following valuable Negroes,
viz. An excellent bricklayer; a painter and glazier; a very fine wench who is a
cook, washer and ironer, with her two children; and an elderly wench, who is
also a good cook, washer and ironer."
Columbian Herald June 17, 1785, p. 3, col. 3.
1785,
July
7
Charleston,
S. C.
Prince
house
carpenter
Runaway about 3 months ago, a negro fellow named Prince, a House
carpenter by Trade; he is a tall slim fellow, about five feet eight inches high.
Whoever
delivers [
J. 2 Guineas. Thomas Buckle. No. 54, Broad Street."
State Gazette of South Carolina July 7, 1785.
1786,
January
5
Cape
Francois,
S. C. (?)
Tom
carpenter
RUN AWAY, From Cape Francois, about the 12th of September last, THREE
NEGROES, belonging to P. F. Clecissens in the Cape, it is supposed as they all
went away in a canoe, that they probably may be taken up at sea by some
vessel or other -- one named Billy, is from Charleston, South Carolina, short
and thick
made,
about
40 years
of
age --
one named
Tom,
is from Jamaica,
has a yellow complexion, a carpenter by trade, and about 20 years of age. The
third named Lubin, is from Surrinam, marked much with the small pox, a
Cooper and Butcher by trade, and about 24 years of age. Any person that may
apprehend said Negroes, or can give any information thereof, shall be
generously rewarded, and all expences paid, by applying to Messrs. Shedden,
Patrick and Co. New York, or to Thomas Stewart, in Charleston."
State Gazette of South Carolina January 5, 1786.
1786,
May
12
Charleston,
S. C.
Bob
carpenter
Five Pounds
Reward
A Negro Carpenter,
RUN- AWAY
Named BOB,
From the subscriber
purchased
about three weeks
ago,
from Messrs. Walker and Maitland
�last June. He is about 5 feet and one half high, about 28 years of age,
remarkably sensible and artful, perhaps he may be gone to Georgia. Whoever
delivers him to the subscriber in Charleston shall receive the above reward, and
all reasonable charges paid, by Hext McCall. May 12, 1786."
State Gazette of South Carolina May 18, 1786.
1786, June 7
Montgomery County, Md.
Sancho
carpenter;
cooper
THIRTY- SIX DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away this morning from the
Subscriber, living near Montgomery Court- House, a very likely Mulatto man,
named SANCHO, about 5 feet 6 inches high, about 26 years of age, his hair
short but straight for his colour, a small piece broke off two of his upper fore
teeth but not observed without attention: He had on a short lapelled light
coloured stuff coat, velvet breeches, brown cloth jacket with yellow metal
buttons, check trousers, thread stockings and a strong pair of new shoes with
odd buckles; he is very artful and sensible, a good carpenter and cooper, and
handy at most kinds of work; it is expected he has a pass and will change his
name, and probably may have some expectation of assistance form an certain
JOHN SHAW, who made his escape from Tent- Landing, nearly opposite to
Alexandria,
about
the
15th of April last. --
Whoever
secures the said Negro so
that his master may get him again, shall receive TEN DOLLARS reward, and if
taken above 20 miles from home TWENTY
if brought
home. --
The above
mentioned
DOLLARS,
John
Shaw
and reasonable
is a straight
charges
well made
Irish- man, about 6 feet high, has been a soldier in the Maryland line, and was
wounded in the elbow at the battle of German- Town, and now draws half- pay
as an invalid
serjeant:
He took with
him a SORREL
MARE
with a blaze face,
about 14 1/ 2 hands high, has some white hairs round the middle of her ears,
occasioned by strings being tyed round them, is flat on the weathers but has
been
a
very
pleasant
road
creature,
and trots and paces
well. --
Whoever will
deliver the villain and mare to the Subscriber, shall receive a reward of
SIXTEEN DOLLARS, or any person who will give me any information of the
mare so that I get her again, shall receive a reward of EIGHT DOLLARS, and if
brought home, reasonable charges paid, by JAMES PERRY. Maryland, June 7,
1786."
Virginia Journal and Alexandria
Advertiser
June 22,
1786,
p. 1 ,
col. 1 .
�1786,
July
4•
Savannah
vicin.,
Ga.
Will
carpenter
Reward. WENT off from Haddrel' s Point in the night of the 19th or
morning of the 20th of June, 1786, The following Negroes: Handy, Hammond,
Will, Leicester, Cinne, Simon, Cudjoe, Yarmouth, October, Toby, Aaron, and
Sam. Will is a carpenter, speaks remarkably through his nose. Leicester has
crooked legs. They are in general able fellows; they went off in a canoe of Mrs.
Barwick' s, which they stole from her landing. There is great reason to think they
are on Skidaway island, as such a canoe has been found near Bowman' s
landing, and is now secured. There is also reason to believe that four of said
negroes were seen on Gen. M' Intosh' s plantation. The above reward, and all
lawful charges, will be paid on delivery of each to the gaoler [jailer] in
Savannah, or at the Sugar-house in Charleston. JOHN BOWMAN. July 4,
1786."
Gazette of the State of Georgia July 6, 1786.
1786,
July
8
Anne Arundel County, Md.
Tony
sawyer
RAN away from the Subscriber living at Doden in Ann- Arundel County, about
four or five miles from Queen- Ann and two miles and an half from South- River
Church, on the 17th of March last, a dark Mulatto man, named TONY, 35 years
of age, a stout thick fellow about 5 feet 4 inches high, by trade a sawyer: He
had on when he went away, a short white cotton jacket and trousers, a pair of
country made shoes and stockings; he probably may pass as a person
permitted to hire himself, and now looking out for work, but no such permission
is
granted him. -- He was seen in Alexandria the week before Easter, and then
his clothes appeared to be dyed of a dark colour, and he had on in addition to
those
described,
a
blue
under
jacket. -- He had probably hired himself at some
fishing landing and may yet continue in the same person' s service. -- Whoever
takes up the above fellow shall receive EIGHT DOLLARS reward, and
reasonable charges if brought home from a distance. WILLIAM STEUART. July
8, 1786."
Virginia
Journal and Alexandria
Advertiser
July
13, 1786, p. 3, col. 3.
�1786, August
4•
Charleston
S. C.
vicin.,
James Miles
carpenter
RUN AWAY From the Subscriber, on September last, SCIPIO, a likely black
fellow, about 25 years old, has a few of his country marks on each side of his
face, which can be perceived on examining closely, he speaks remarkable good
English for a negro, and is exceeding artful, he formerly belonged to Captain
Ogier, at which time was his waiting man, he is in all probability on Santee
river, or Stono, as he is well acqainted there, and indeed every where else in
the State, he generally keeps with a negro fellow belonging to the Rev. Mr.
Lewis, deceased, by the name of BRUTUS, who is likewise run away. Whoever
will deliver said fellow, or secure him so that the subscriber can get him, either
dead or alive, shall receive Ten Pounds. ANDREW, a likely fellow, of a
yellowish complexion, about 30 years old, his particular marks are not
recollected, he formerly belonged to the estate of Thomas Sullivan, deceased,
and was sold about 12 months ago to Mr. Herbert Hodson, of the Round 0, he
has a wife in Charleston, who belongs to a free negro carpenter, who lives now
in King- street, named James Miles, and it is supposed that he is harboured
there. Whoever will deliver said fellow, or secure him in the Work- House in
Charleston, so that the subscriber gets him, shall receive Five Pounds. NANCY,
a very likely black Guinea wench, speaks good English, very artful, and no
doubt will change her own name, and master' s too; she is branded on her
breast something like L, blotched, about 5 1/ 2 feet high, went away in 1784, at
which time she belonged to John Logan, Esq. she has been in Charleston the
greatest part of her time since her absence, passes for a free wench, and it is
said washes and irons for a livelihood. Whoever will deliver said wench, or
secure her, so that the subscriber gets her safe, shall receive Five Pounds. All
persons are hereby cautioned from harbouring either of those negroes, as they
may depend on being prosecuted with the utmost rigour of the law. A
handsome reward will be paid any person who will give information of their
being harboured by any white person, so that the evidence will admit of a
prosecution. HENRY BELL. Round- O, in St. Bartholomew' s Parish, August 4,
1786."
State Gazette of South Carolina August 14, 1786.
1788,
May
17
Wilmington
vicin.,
N. C.
Tony
carpenter (?)
RUN AWAY from Mount Pleasant estate, on the North- West, a Negro Fellow
named TONY, late the property of Miss Cobham, well known in and about
Wilmington, as he was one of the fiddlers to the assemblies. He is tall, well
made,
and thin visaged, between black and yellow.
He took away
a
fiddle,
�some
carpenters
tools, & c. He has a wife at Mr.
Frederick
Jones' s, on the
Sound, named
Belly, ( his cook) who harboured him when he left his master
before. He, and some others, it is suspected, intend trying to get to the Eastern
states, imagining they will be free. Their intended route is by the back part of
this state and Virginia, to Pennsylvania; they proposed taking their wives.
Tony' s wife would not go with him. A reward of TEN POUNDS will be given to
any person who will secure him in any of the gaols [ jails] of this or any
neighboring state; and any moderate expence to deliver him to Mr. Sheriff
Wright, or by giving information by letter to GOODIN ELLETSON, at Mount
Pleasant, on North- West of Cape Fear. Bladen, May 17, 1788."
Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser June 18, 1788.
1789,
February
Savannah, Ga.
26
Sike
joiner
RUN AWAY
From the subscriber,
the 17th instant,
A NEGRO
LAD,
about
18
years of age, named SIKE, had on when he went away a blue jacket and
trowsers, he speaks good English, and used to work at the joiners business
and cabinet work; he is country born. If he returns of his own accord he will be
forgiven; if taken up and brought to G. Leaver, or to the Gaoler [jailer] in
Savannah, THREE DOLLARS REWARD will be given. It is supposed he is
about Ogechee or Savannah town. Any one giving information of his being
harboured by a white person shall have TWO GUINEAS REWARD, and if by a
negro, ONE GUINEA, on conviction of the offender. Savannah, February 26,
1789."
Georgia Gazette February 26, 1789.
1789,
Savannah, Ga.
March 3
Tom
carpenter
RUN AWAY From the subscriber
about three weeks ago, A NEGRO
MAN,
named TOM, of the Guinea country, but has no visible marks about him; he is a
little of a yellowish complexion, about five feet nine inches high, straight made,
has lost one of his upper fore teeth, speaks tolerable good English, had on
when he went away a short round blue jacket and long trowsers, and an old
white hat; he is a jobbing carpenter by trade, is supposed to be harboured by
some of his acquaintances in town, or the plantations near it, as he was seen in
town last Sunday. Whoever delivers the said negro to me, or the Warden of the
Workhouse,
shall
receive
THREE
GUINEAS
REWARD;
if he
returns
of his
own
�accord he will be forgiven. SAMUEL BAAS. Savannah, March 3, 1789."
Georgia Gazette March 5, 1789.
1789, August
28
Charleston, S. C.
Joseph Manigault ( in Charleston) to Gabriel Manigault ( in Columbia):
When I heard last from Coll. Thomson he informed me that my carpenters
were
d&
arriv'
Building
near
that he had sent them to the spot to prepare Logs for the
Columbia.
It is
near a month
since
I heard
this. -
understood that
Browne was to send your carpenters soon aftr, but that there was some
particular work which had detained them a little."
Papers of Gabriel
1790,
July
Manigault ( USoC).
15
Savannah,
Ga.
Ishmael
carpenter; cooper
Twenty Dollars Reward. RUN AWAY from the subscribers about eight months
ago, A NEGRO FELLOW, named ISHMAEL, about 40 years of age,
understands
the cooper and carpenter
business,
and is well known about
Savannah; it is supposed he is about Dr. Channing' s plantation. Whoever takes
up and secures the said fellow shall receive the above reward, and all
reasonable charges. OWENS and THOMSON. July 15, 1790."
Georgia Gazette July 15, 1790.
1794, April 30
Baltimore, Md.
Denby
paperhanger
Negro
Denby
Clock measure -
who
lives wth Mrs Goddard
came
to paper our South
Parlor -
12
The 4 sides of the South Parlor measured say about 78 feet long
The Hight of said Walls about 7 1/ 2 feet, only Parlor 16 1/ 2 feet by
22 1/ 2 feet - "
Waste Book 1794- 5, Robert Carter Papers ( LC).
1794,
December
Letter to the
employ
30
Savannah, Ga.
minister - "
carpenters,
in
As I understand from my son, you have no objection to
payment
of the assessent
due
on
our
pew.
I will be
glad
�to know when would wish them
I have a
sent.
good
Bricklayer & two
Carpenters whome I can send immediately. I have hither
to hir' d them out at 3/ 6 per
Smith"
day &
their
employers
to find them ...
Elizabeth
Christ Church Records, Box 1 , Folder 10 ( GHS).
1797, June 10
WANTED,
Charleston,
To the House- Carpenter' s Business,
Two smart
Negro
S. C.
Boys.
Enquire of the Printers."
City Gazette and Daily Advertiser June 10, 1797, p. 4, col. 3.
1797,
July
WANTED,
Charleston
1
To work at Fort Johnson,
A NUMBER
of NEGRO
vicin.,
S. C.
CARPENTERS,
and a few LABORERS. Apply to the Printers."
City
Gazette
and
1797, August
Daily
29
Advertiser
July
1,
1797, p. 3, col. 2.
Charleston,
S. C.
Carpenters wanted immediately. TWO or three good NEGRO CARPENTERS,
to be employed about 23 miles from Charleston, by land or water; it is at Goose
Creek at the Plantation late Mr. HUME' s, now Mr. WILLIAMS' s. They are
wanted to assist in Building a SAW MILL. Good wages will be given, and the
money paid punctually at the end of every month, by Mr. CRUGER in
Charleston. Those persons who may have Carpenters to hire, will please apply
to Mr. DAVID CRUGER, on PRIOLEAU' s Wharf, who will direct the Workmen
the way to said Plantation. The people shall be used well, and care taken of
them. ROBERT GILLEY Goose Creek Parish, Aug. 29, 1797."
City Gazette and Daily Advertiser September 7, 1797, p. 4, col. 3.
1797, August 31
Warren County, N. C.
Ben
whipsawyer;
shoemaker
Fifty Dollars Reward. RANAWAY from the subscriber, on the night of the 12th
instant, a very bright coloured MULATTO MAN, named BEN; About five feet ten
or eleven inches high, straight
limb' d, with pretty long bushy hair; he carried off
�with him very good homespun cloathing, but perhaps he may change them.
expect
he will
alter
his
name,
and
endeavour
to pass
for
a
free-
man. -
He can
make coarse shoes, and saws pretty well at the whip saw. I am apprehensive
he may be in company with a black fellow, who passes for a free- man, calls
himself
HARRY
height of
the
BYRD,
above
and has
mentioned
pass: - Byrd
Ben, and is very
a
is a very noted fellow, about the
badly bursten - both of them
can read and write a little. I will give the above reward to any person who will
deliver the said Ben to me, or secure him to any jail, so that I get him again,
and will pay all reasonable charges. JACOB COLEMAN. Warren county, North
Carolina, August 31 , 1797."
Virginia Gazette and
1804, September
Petersburg
Intelligencer
September
29
1,
1797, p. 3, col. 3.
Charleston, S. C.
TWO or THREE WHITE or BLACK CARPENTERS, who understand the laying
Palmetto
Logs, (
if application is made immediately, will meet with employment,
and their wages will be paid every Saturday. Apply to the Printer."
Charleston Courier September
29, 1804, p. 3, col. 3.
�List of Sources - Part 2
Manuscript Sources
Robert
Carter Papers,
Waste
Book 1794- 1795.
Library of
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library M- 1439. 2.
Congress.
Christ Church
1759- 1805.
Records.
Georgia Historical Society, Savannah.
Papers of Gabriel Manigault.
Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina,
Columbia.
Newspapers
Maryland
Gazette,
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library
1745- 1839.
M- 1100. 1- 13.
Pennsylvania
Gazette,
1728- 1789.
Colonial Williamsburg
Foundation
Library
M- 1101 . 1- 21 .
Printed Sources
Hamer,
Philip M., et al., eds. The Papers of Henry Laurens. 13 vols.
Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1968- 1992.
Hodges,
Graham
Russel and Alan Edward
Brown,
eds.
"Pretends
to Be Free" -
Runaway Slave Advertisements from Colonial and Revolutionary New
York and New
Parker, Freddie
Runaways
L.,
Jersey.
New York: Garland
Inc.,
1994.
ed. Stealing a Little Freedom: Advertisements for Slave
1791- 1840. New York: Garland Publishing,
in North Carolina,
Inc.,
Smith,
Publishing,
1994.
Billy
G. and Richard Wojtowicz.
Advertisements
for Runaways
Blacks
Who Stole Themselves -
in the Pennsylvania
Gazette,
1728- 1790.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989.
Windley,
Lathan A.,
History
from
Maryland;
1982.
comp.
the
South
Runaway
1730s
to
Carolina;
Slave Advertisements -
1790s.
4 vols. [ Virginia
Georgia].
Westport,
A Documentary
and North
Carolina;
Ct.: Greenwood
Press,
��
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"as good a joiner as any in Virginia" : African Americans in the 18th-Century Building Trades
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Text
A Virginia Gentleman' s
Library
As proposed by Thomas Jefferson to
Robert Skipwith in 1771 and now assembled in the Brush- Everard House,
Williamsburg, Virginia.
7
A
.
p
A
A,
01, ‘_,
P-:
COLONIAL
WILLIAMSBURG
1952
�Introduction
HEN
Robert
future
the brother-in-law of the
Mrs.
Skipwith,
Jefferson, asked the twenty-eight-yearold sage of Monticello for guidance in choosing books,
Jefferson obligingly promised to help him. On July 17,
1771,
Skipwith jogged his memory with a letter: " I would
have them suited," he wrote, " to the capacity of a common
reader who understands but little of the classicks and who
has not leisure for any intricate or tedious study. Let them
be improving and amusing."
In other words, Skipwith was
a forerunner of a familiar modern American, the busy man
of affairs whose activities leave him little time for reading.
He desired,
therefore,
to
absorb "
culture"
as painlessly
as
possible by reading the smallest number of well-selected
books.
Jefferson' s reply to Skipwith' s letter, and the list of 148
titles comprising 379 volumes which he enclosed, is reprinted
in full in
spending
this
no
pamphlet.
more
than £
Although Skipwith had in mind
25
or £
30, a bibliophile like Jeffer-
unsatisfied with a " partial choice," and so drew up
a catalogue
of books costing £ t o7: r o: o sterling in plain
bindings— a substantial sum even for a wealthy man- 2o per
son
was
cent more if " bound
elegantly," and 5o per cent more if
bound by the celebrated Baumgarten, a German bookbinder
in London noted for his use of marbled papers and marbled
edges.
Jefferson' s literary taste on the whole was excellent. In
compiling this list he not only included literary classics but
also some current literature and leading works of the day
on
science,
agriculture,
and government.
3
Yet,
despite
the
�ephemeral nature of much of the list, at least one- quarter
of the titles are still read by persons other than specialists.
Shakespeare,
Chaucer,
Butler
then
were,
as
now,
Spencer,
regarded
Milton,
Dryden,
as
English
classics.
and
Of
the eighteenth- century writers permanently added to their
number are Addison and Steele, Swift, Smollett, Richardson,
and
Goldsmith,
other
than
Sterne.
Greek
Montesquieu,
and
And of the Continental
Roman
Moliere,
authors,
writers
Fenelon,
and Voltaire continue to be read generally
today.
Practical works like Payne' s Observations
on Gardening
and Tull' s Horse-hoeing Husbandry have been superseded
by modern books relating to considerably changed conand
ditions,
so
have
the dictionaries
of
that
day— Bailey' s,
Johnson' s, and Owen' s.
Lawyers now need works other than Lord Kames' and
Cuningham' s, but they still
stone for sentimental reasons.
occasionally look into Black-
Tacitus, Caesar, Josephus, and Plutarch even yet occupy
an
important
place in historical
literature.
And though the
modern historian might justifiably ignore most of the other
listed under " History," there are several exceptions.
Robertson and Hume, as the founders of modern scientific
works
historiography, have much the same sentimental claim upon
the historian of today that Blackstone has upon the modern
lawyer.
Although few theologians now read Bishop Sherlock on
or
Future State, his basic ideas are still held by
orthodox Christians and reappear in current religious litera-
Death
ture.
lenged
And, of course, the Holy Bible occupies an unchalplace
today
no
less
than
in
1771.
Yet
despite
the
inclusion of the Bible and Bishop Sherlock, a notable feature
of Jefferson' s selection is its deficiency in theology. In a day
when no one was really educated without some knowledge
of the spiritual nature of man, Jefferson blithely ignored
4
•
�even
the
most
authentic
conclusions
of
Thus
theologians.
he showed none of the intellectual curiosity that characterized his attitude toward natural and political science, and
instead asserted
truth
than
that "
he whose
he who knows nothing is nearer the
mind
is filled
with
falsehoods
and
errors."
Another remarkable feature of the list is its profusion of
When this form of literature was in its infancy and
many sober and pious people thought it wasteful to spend
time reading mere fiction, Jefferson
realized that novels
novels.
often contain a kernel of truth more effectively and persuasively
presented
were
at
they
Skipwith requested.
But
the
natural
eley,
than
once "
field
in
a
ponderous
improving
in which
obsolescence
In short,
treatise.
and amusing"—
is
most
just what
notable
is
The century that produced George BerkHume, and the Federalist papers made few
science.
David
comparable
contributions
natural science
to science.
list has more
Nothing in Jefferson' s
than an antiquarian
interest
today except Franklin' s celebrated treatise on electricity—
now perhaps the most costly collector' s item on the list. The
modern reader would be safer to entrust his religious in-
struction to the good Bishop Sherlock, his legal education to
Blackstone,
Hume,
Nourse'
and his historical learning to Robertson and
than to go under the knife of a practitioner of
s Compendium
of Physic &
Surgery or to receive
prescriptions based on Macqueer' s Elements of Chemistry.
In furnishing the Brush- Everard House to the period of
about 177o, Colonial Williamsburg was unable to discover
an inventory of the estate of Thomas Everard, and it is not
known
what books
he had in the house.
But since he was,
so far as we know, a typical Virginia gentlemen of his day,
Colonial Williamsburg has chosen to use Jefferson' s list of
5
�1771 as its guide in reassembling a gentleman' s library of
day. This decision was based on a suggestion by Dr.
the
Douglass Adair, Professor of History at the College of
William and Mary and editor of the William and Mary
Quarterly.
Through
their
use
of
libraries
such
as
this
one,
the
colonists were intellectually well prepared for the struggle
for independence
upon
the
when the war- clouds of revolution broke
North American
continent
in
1775.
Despite con-
flicting economic interests, small and poorly distributed industrial potential, and comparatively
intercolonial co- operation, the thirteen
little experience in
colonies
not
only
emerged successfully from the long and bitter war but
formed
ultimately
an
enduring
federal
union.
This
was
possible principally because the colonial leaders had read
widely and thought deeply about the principles of freedom
and government.
This was particularly true of Virginia, which with Massachusetts exerted the greatest influence of all the colonies in
colonial period.
Besides the military leadership of
George Washington, the Old Dominion contributed Patrick
the
Henry to be the firebrand of revolt, Richard Bland to
formulate a far- seeing theory of empire, Jefferson to pen
the Declaration of Independence, George Mason to enunciate the basic civil rights of the new commonwealth, and,
later James Madison to lay the foundation of political
science upon which the Federal Constitution was to rest.
It is interesting to note that, except in the political realm,
Virginia' s culture was largely absorptive rather than productive.
In this way it differed from the culture of New
England where Cotton Mather could publish no fewer than
45o
books
and
pamphlets
men of Virginia
in
a
single
loved their books
lifetime.
The gentle-
and often acquired
a
polished literary style, but they seldom ventured into print.
William Byrd II could write sprightly narratives of his
6
�journeys to the mines or of surveying the boundary line and,
perhaps, read them aloud to add to the merriment of his
guests, but to publish them for the common people to read
did not accord with his sense of propriety. To put it bluntly,
it
was
ungenteel.
In
this
respect,
subsequent
generations
have surely been the poorer for the sense of propriety of
the early Virginians.
In reassembling at the Brush-Everard House this colonial
equivalent
of " Dr. Eliot'
s
Five- Foot Shelf,"
Colonial
Wil-
liamsburg hopes to focus attention upon the kind of books
that
contributed
to the
thought
of the
rank
and
file
of
Virginia gentlemen on the eve of the Revolution.
ARTHUR
Research
Department
Colonial Williamsburg
7
PIERCE
MIDDLETON
�Robert Skipwith to Thomas Jefferson
17th July 1771.
Dear Sir
This I have left at the Forest to remind you of your
obliging promise and withal to guide you in your choice
of books for me, both as to the number and matter of them.
I would have them suited to the capacity of a common reader
who understands but little of the classicks and who has not
leisure
for any intricate
proving as well as
Hume' s history of
the short Roman
works.
I am very
or
tedious
study.
Let them be im-
amusing and among the rest let there be
England, the new edition of Shakespear,
history you mentioned and all Sterne' s
fond of Bumgarden' s manner of binding
but can' t afford it unless Fingal or some of those new works
be bound up only after that manner; that one, Belisarius,
and some others of the kind I would have if bound in gold.
Let them amount to about five and twenty pounds sterling,
or, if you think proper, to thirty pounds.
With the list please to send me particular directions for
importing them, including the bookseller' s place of residence.
Your very hble servant,
ROBT. SKIPWITH
8
�Thomas
Jefferson
to Robert Skipwith
Monticello.
Aug.
3.
177 r.
I sat down with a design of executing your request to
form a catalogue of books amounting to about 3o. lib. sterl.
but could by no means satisfy myself with any partial choice
I could
Thinking therefore it might be as agreeable
make.
to you, I have framed such a general collection as I think
you would wish, and might in time find convenient, to procure.
Out of this you will chuse for yourself to the amount
you mentioned for the present year, and may hereafter as
shall be convenient proceed in completing the whole. A view
of the second column in this catalogue would I suppose
extort
dom!
a
Let
Peace to it' s wisface of gravity.
it. A little attention however to
awaken
from
smile
me
not
the
the nature of the human mind evinces
ments
of fiction
are
useful as well
well written,
as
that the entertain-
pleasant.
That they
every person feels who
pleasant
reads.
But wherein is it' s utility, asks the reverend sage,
when
are
big with the notion that nothing can be useful but the learned
lumber of Greek and Roman reading with which his head
is stored?
to fix us in
signal
act
I answer, every thing is useful which contributes
the principles
of charity
or
and practice
of gratitude,
virtue.
When any
for instance, is pre-
of
sented either to our sight or imagination, we are deeply
impressed with it' s beauty and feel a strong desire in ourselves
of
doing
charitable
and
grateful
also.
acts
On the
contrary when we see or read of any atrocious deed, we are
disgusted with it' s deformity and conceive an abhorrence of
Now every motion of this kind is an exercise of like
our
vice.
virtuous
limbs
of
dispositions;
the
body,
and
acquire
dispositions
strength
by
of
the
exercise.
mind,
But exercise
produces habit; and in the instance of which we speak, the
exercise being of the moral feelings, produces a habit of
9
�and acting virtuously.
We never reflect whether
story we read be truth or fiction.
If the painting be
thinking
the
lively, and a tolerable picture of nature, we are thrown into
a reverie,
from which if we awaken it is the fault of the
I appeal to every reader of feeling and sentiment
whether the fictitious murther of Duncan by Macbeth in
Shakespeare does not excite in him as great horror of
villainy, as the real one of Henry IV by Ravaillac as related
writer.
by Davila? And whether the fidelity of Nelson, and generosity of Blandford in Marmontel do not dilate his breast,
and elevate his sentiments as much as any similar incident
which
real
himself
history
better
a
covenant
to
copy
can
man
furnish?
while
he not in fact
them,
reading
fair
the
Does
example?
We
feel
and privately
neither
know
nor care whether Lawrence Sterne really went to France,
whether he was there accosted by the poor Franciscan, at
first rebuked him unkindly,
and then gave him a peace
offering;
case
we
or
are
the whole be not a fiction.
In either
sorrowful at the rebuke, andsecretly
Q
equallyyscetly
whether
resolve we will never do so: we are pleased with the sub-
sequent atonement, and view with emulation a soul candidly
it' s
acknowleging
fault,
and
making
a just
reparation.
Considering history as a moral exercise, her lessons would
be too unfrequent
if confined to real life.
Of those recorded
by historians few incidents have been attended with such
circumstances as to excite in any high degree this sympathetic
of
emotion
virtue.
We are therefore wisely framed to be
as warmly interested for a fictitious as for a real personage.
The spacious field of imagination is thus laid open to our
use, and lessons may be formed to illustrate and carry home
to
the
mind
moral
of life.
Thus a lively and
lasting sense of filial duty is more effectually impressed on
every
rule
the mind of a son or daughter by reading King Lear, than
by all the dry volumes of ethics and divinity that ever were
written.
This
is
my
idea
of
IO
well-
written
Romance,
of
�Tragedy, Comedy,
the
speculation,
afford you much
given
the
under
of
only
the
will
head of Criticism,
Of Politicks
pleasure.
few
a
you
Poetry. — If you are fond of
and Epic
books
and Trade
books,
best
I have
as you would
probably chuse to be not unacquainted with those commercial
which
principles
wealth
bring
into
our
and
country,
the
constitutional security we have for the enjoiment of that
In Law I mention a few systematical
wealth.
books, as a
knowledge of the minutiae of that science is not necessary
for
a
Religion, History, Natural
I have followed the same plan in general.
philosophy,
But
In
gentleman.
private
of
the necessity
whence
this collection?
Come to the
new Rowanty, from which you may reach your hand to a
formed
library
on
extensive
more
a
Separated
plan.
from
each other but a few paces, the possessions of each would
be
open
be
the
A spring, centrically situated, might
There we should talk
s joy.
to the other.
of every evening'
scene
over the lessons of the day, or lose them in Musick, Chess,
of our family companions. The heart
the merriments
thus lightened, our pillows would be soft, and health and
or
long
attend
life would
the
happy
scene.
Come
then and
bring our dear Tibby with you; the first in your affections,
and second in mine. Offer prayers for
I pay continual
to which, tho' absent,
me too at that shrine
devotion.
In every
scheme of happiness she is placed in the fore- ground of the
picture, as the principal figure. Take that away, and it is no
picture
for
Bear my affections to Wintipock, cloathed
me.
in the warmest expressions of sincerity; and to yourself be
every human
Adieu.
felicity.
ENCLOSURE
FINE
Observations
Payne.
on
Pope'
ARTS
g
a r
d
e n
i
n
g.
painting.
Milton'
I2mo.
s
s
aldson.
3/
IT
18/
Odyssey.
Dryden'
on
Iliad.
-
5/
Webb' s essay
s
Virgil.
works.
15/
I2m0.
I2/
2 v. 8vo.
Edinburgh
1762.
Donto/
�Hoole'
Tasso.
s
Ossian
2
with
8vo.
V.
12mo.
Blair'
s
to/
Addison'
s
Otway' s
Rowe'
s
6
plays.
30/
I2mo.
18/
12mo.
Graves.
2
I2m0.
V.
12mo.
4
Home'
s
Mason'
s
works.
poetical
Terence.
I2mo.
3/
2
V.
I2mo.
6/
3
v.
I2m0.
9/
plays.
s
s works.
Garric'
Foote'
s
Constantia.
12mo.
V.
2
works.
works.
Eloisa.
s
3/
mo.
2 V.
Vicar
8vo.
4 v. 12 mo. 12/
of Wakefeild.
2
V.
I2m0.
by Dr. Goldsmith
Sidney Bidulph. 5 v. I2m0. 15/
Eng.
v,
4
Lady
12/
I2mo.
Julia
I2mo.
Emilius
Eng.
4
s
moral
I2m0.
Eng.
2
Tristam
V.
2 V.
I2m0.
Shandy.
v.
9
I2m0.
1. 7
by
6/
Smollett
4
Sentimental journey.
6/
v.
12/
Simple.
2
6/
9/
Quixot.
Mandeville.
6/
Almoran and Hamet.
I2/
tales.
Gil Blas. by Smollett.
12mo.
Sophia.
and
I2mo.
v.
Marmonel'
David
by Langhorne.
Belle assemblee.
10/
Don
2 v.
6/.
Rousseau'
V.
12mo.
Almena I2-
10/
dramatic
v.
6/
Solyman and
dramatic
s
8vo.
12mo. 6/
3/
Congreve'
12
works.
s
I. 16
2 V.
plays.
3 v.
9/
Feilding'
15/
Farquhar' s plays.
Steele'
21/
Fool of quality.
5/
Richardson.
v.
7
I2mo.
9/
Vanbrugh'
s
these are by
Grandison.
I2mo.
works.
Eng.
Eng.
Moliere.
v.
3
8 v. I2mo.
24/
3/
12mo.
plays.
s
Mallet'
I2mo. I2/
v.
4
v.
12/
Clarissa.
works.
2
Pamela. 4 v. 12mo.]
12/
Young' s
of a
6/
I2mo.
6/
v.
Smollett.
6/
guinea.
9/
are
written by
Adventures
3/
v.
works.
s
these
12/
Launcelot
I2mo.
v.
3
works.
Thompson'
6/
I2mo.
4v.
6/
12m0.
plays.
plays.
I2m0.
Peregrine Pickle.
Shakespear.
s
Dryden'
2 V.
criticisms.
Telemachus by Dodsley.
Capell'
Roderic Random.
5/
s
Fragments
2
V.
I2m0.
Edinburgh.
6/
I2
of
2
antient
2/
V.
I2m0.
poetry.
�Percy'
Percy'
Runic poems. 3/
reliques
of antient
s
s
lish
Percy'
2
peices.
Chaucer.
s
12mo.
Hogarth'
15/
I2mo.
Reid
3/
of
collection
poems.
4
v
s
s
Capell'
2
V.
I2m0.
Foulis.
12mo.
2
works.
v.
1.
£
s
s
mo.
on
Sidney
I2mo.
4
on
v.
4
5
I2mo.
3/
21
v.
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�
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Miscellaneous Publications
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Miscellaneous Publications is a collection of single publications of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation which were not issued in serial form or as part of a series. Please note that due to the age of some publications, the information presented does not always reflect the most recent research available or the most recent interpretive decisions about how to present a site or a building and its contents to the public. Researchers should not rely on these publications alone to understand the most recent interpretation of Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings and sites.
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A Virginia gentleman's library : as proposed by Thomas Jefferson to Robert Skipwith in 1771 and now assembled in the Brush-Everard House, Williamsburg, Virginia
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Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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1952
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PDF Text
Text
Historical
Notes :
The College of William and Mary
Mary Goodwin
1954
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library Research Report Series Colonial Williamsburg
Foundation
Williamsburg, Virginia
I
Library
222
�0
HISTORICAL
THE COLLEGE
NOTES
OF WILLIAM AND
n
U
Copies:
Research
Department
Architectural
William
Department
and Mary College
Archives
MARY
�0
�16
THE
COLLEGE
OF
C
I.
WILLIAM &
MARY
IN VIRGINIA
0NTENTS:
Preface
Brief Summary of History of College . . . .
Pages
i- xv
III.
Notes
Pages
1- 687
IV.
Index
II.
on the College
1690- 1900. . . . . . .
I L L U S T R A T I
1.
O N S:
Opposite
Survey of Land sold by Thomas Ballard for the
34
College of William and Mary . . . . . . . . . .
2.
0
Original
3.
Michel' s crude Sketch
ca.
Boundary
of College
Chelsea
5.
Brick dated
6.
College
Blair
Hospital,
1729
Building
82
132
London. . . . . . . . . . . . .
in West End of Chapel
Wing . . .
1735 from Background
ca.
Engraving
found
151
of
157
Portrait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copperplate
38
Building
1702. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.
7.
W& M COLLEDGE- 1694" . .
Stone - "
in the Bodleian
Library, showing Front and Rear of Wren
Building, Brafferton and the President' s
162
House . . . . . . . . . • . . • . • . . . . . .
8.
Jefferson' s Plan for a proposed Addition to the
College
9.
Building -
The College
President'
Building,
s House
ca.
206
1772 . . . . . . . . . .
Brafferton,
before
and
the Fire
Century Company) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the
of 1859
284
page:
�10.
and the
The College Building, Brafferton,
Presidentts House before the Fire of 1859
Bishop
11.
Opposite page:
continued):
Illustrations (
Meade,
Watercolor
Old
Churches &
of College
Presidentts
Ludwigts
House (
Brafferton,
Building,
T.
Lithograph
and
Millington),
of
325
c) . . . . . . . .
C.
and
L.
434
same . . . . . . . .
12.
College Building from a Daguerreotype,
13.
Student' s Room in College
Building -
ca.
1856 .
prior to
1856..... ....... .
0
0...
Sketch
of Rear of College
485
Building,
1856 .
14.
Girlts
15.
492
496
Remaining Walls of College Building after Fire
529
of 1859 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.
College Building as erected on Surviving Walls
after Fire
17.
Cranston
Watercolor
Presidentts
18.
19.
House,
of College
Building
after Fire
Rear View of College Building
of
541
of 1859. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
and
551
of 1859 .
just prior to Fire
585
1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rives'
Front
Elevation
of College
Building,
as
rebuilt after Fire of 1862. . . . . . . . . .
20.
College Building,
House,
21.
ca.
Brafferton,
1869- 1870. (
604
and the Presidentts
Coleman
collection) . .
619
and Picture of Interior
View of College Building,
from Scribner' s Monthly for
of Library;
November,
646
1875. . . . . . . • . . • . . •
22.
College Building
ca.
23.
College
ca.
1933 -
682
1928 . . . . . . . . . . .
Building
after
Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
its
687
�0
P
R E F
A C
E
These notes on the College of William and Mary have been
gathered over a period of years by members of the Research
with
Incorporated,
Department of Colonial Williamsburg,
the
helpful cooperation of those in charge of the archives of the
College
of William
and Mary.
They do not represent all information on the history of the
but are drawn from all available
College,
sources
which throw
when erected,
light on the eighteenth century college buildings their
rebuilt,
repaired,
furnishings,
furniture,
uses,
etc.
Because of the three fires which destroyed all but part of the
is
exterior walls of the main building of the College,
it has been
necessary
century
to carry the notes through the nineteenth
rebuildings
of
that
Unfortunately,
structure.
many of the early records of the College are
and much pertinent information on the original " Wren
missing,
Building,"
and the rebuilding
after the fire of 1705,
is
lost.
A brief chronology of events concerning the history of the
College
arranged
on
appears
at the beginning
in chronological
architectural
detail,
order.
The
of the notes.
An
index,
with
notes
especial
is appended.
Mary R.
March,
M.
Goodwin
1954.
are
emphasis
�0
THE
A
COLLDQE
CHRONOLOGY
OF
OF
WILIJAM
EV
NTS
AM
ITS
IN
MARY
HISTORY
The first attempt to establish a university in Virginia the
result
of the Virginia
Companyts
in 1618,
instructions,
to
Governor -elect George Yeardley to erect a university at Henrico -
was wiped out by the Indian Massacre of 1622. 1
Several secondary schools were successfully
established
in the Virginia Colony before the last quarter of the century. 2
Another start towards founding a College, " for the advancement of
learning ... & provision of an able & successive ministry in this
was made in 1660/ 1,
when Governor William Berkeley and
country,"
several
members
of
the
Council
and
House
of Burgesses
subscribed
severall considerable sumes of money and quantityes of tobacco"
towards this end. 3 However, it was not until the last decade of
the century that a plan for a college was evolved which was successful.
This success was largely due to the interest and energies
of
the Reverend James Blair, 4 commissary of the Bishop of
two men:
For
an account
Its
1.
College,"
Vol.
series,
2.
of this
attempt
see
Robert
H.
Land, "
Henrico
in the Willieand i,
Magy Q!, J ege Quarterly,
XVIII ( 1938),
pages 453- 498.
and
2nd
ofpnial Capital ( Richmond.
Wi 11 i amsbiza, Tbg Old
A Documentary History
Knight,
Also Edgar W.
page 112.
of Ednna ion in the South Before 186Q ( Chapel Hill; 1949). Vol.
pages 202- 234.
Tyler,
Lyon G.
1907),
3.
H.
R.
Aj' nalrl
McIlwaine, &,
1659/ 60- 1693 ( Richmond:
4.
r
of the Home g '
pages 12- 13.
in 1656;
received
Arts degree at the University of Edinburgh in 1673;
in 1685.
i'
1914),
James Blair was born in Scotland
a minister
I,
a Master
was
of
ordained
and came to Virginia
in the Church of Scotland
in 1679;
from
He was minister of Varina Parish, Henrico County,
1685- 1694; minister of James City Parish
minister of Bruton Parish from 1710 until
from 1694- 1710;
his
and
He was
death.
ap-
pointed a member of the Council of Virginia in 1694, being sworn
in on July 18th;
stated
but was
to the Council
again took his
through
daughter
in
She died
in April,
efforts
seat in September,
Harrison,
1687.
suspended
1695.
of friends
1696.
Blair
He
was
rein-
in England,
married
and
Sarah
of Colonel Benjamin Harrison of Surry County,
Blair was named
in 1713,
leaving no children.
first president for life in the charter of the College of William
and Mary of 1693.
and E500
nephew (
He died
on April
He left his library
of his estate going to his
Blair) and nephewls family.
18,
the remainder
to the College son of Archibald
Blair,
John
1743.
�ii.
London
in Virginia,
and
the
1690,
In July,
Lieutenant - Governor,
the
Rev.
James Blair
Francis Nicholson. l
presented
proposals
for a college and grammar school in Virginia to a convention of
the Clergy at Jamestown, who approved the proposals; 2 and agreed
The
that they should be presented to the next General Assembly.
Lieutenant - Governor,
Francis
approved the proposals,
and the Council
Nicholson,
and appointed
also
persons to collect subscrip-
tions towards such an undertaking. 3
In
April,
1691,
the
Rev.
James Blair presented the proThe Assembly gave them prompt
consideration:
a " Supplication"
was prepared to King William and
Queen Mary requesting a charter for the proposed college, to be
named
in their honor;
possible sites for the college were considered;
and the Rev.
James Blair was sent to England to present, the suppli-
posals to the House of Burgesses. 4
cation,
study the forms of other charters, solicit funds, and obtain
He was given careful instructions by the
masters and professors.
Assembly as to his procedure in these matters, 5 and left for England
Blair spent many months in England finally signed in February, 1693. 6
in
1.
June,
1691.
charter
was
Nicholson was born in 1655 at Downholme Parke, Yorkshire,
entered military life, serving in New England and New
Francis
England;
York;
the
and was
absentee
sent
to Virginia as Lieutenant- Governor under the
Lord Howard of Effingham, Nicholson' s commis-
Governor,
He took his oath of office
1689.
Sir Edmund Andros succeeded Effingham
In 1692,
June 3, 1690.
Nicholson
returned
to England,
as Governor, and came to Virginia.
He was named
trustee
but was soon sent to Maryland as Governor.
sion being dated November 14,
of the College of William and Mary in its charter of 1693,
continued
an
active
interest
in
that
institution;
and
returning
to
1698.
Virginia as full Governor by commission dated July 20,
after
served as governor until 1705, when he was recalled,
series
of quarrels
with the Rev.
James
Blair
and
other
He
a
members
of the Virginia Council.
Nova Scotia, and governor
Nicholson was subsequently governor of
He left the last
of South Carolina.
place
in 1725,
on leave
of absence
he died in March,
2.
3.
See pages 2- 4.
4.
See page 4.
5.
0
See pages
See pages 4- 14.
6.
See pages
1728.
1- 2 following.
15- 24.
and
returned
to
England,
where
�The charter, 1 granted by King William and Queen Mary was
It granted leave to establish " a certain
Place of universal Study, or perpetual College of Divinity, Philosophy,
Languages and other good Arts and Sciences" to consist of " one Presi-
signed on February 8,
six Masters
dent,
The
less."
and an hundred Scholars, more or
James Blair first President,
appointed
the Rev.
headed
Life," and named some eighteen trustees,
or Professors,
charter
during his natural
by Francis Nicholson,
and Mary in Virginia.
faculty, the trustees
and
Masters
1693.
to direct the building of the College of William
were to transfer
These
the Visitors
the full
the College
who were to become "
or Professors,
incorporate."
with
When established,
trustees,
and Governors
and
their
number
to the
of
President
a Body Politick and
successors,
were also to be
with power to direct its
of the College,
policies and make its statutes.
The charter granted the following sources of income for
1)
building and maintaining the College: (
the
sum of E1985:
14s.
a
the proceeds of the tax
passed in 1673, of one penny per pound
imposed by act of Parliament,
upon all tobacco exported from Maryland and Virginia to foreign ports
out of the Virginia
10d.
other
than
acres
3)
England; (
of the Virginia
Colony; (
quit -rents; (
the fees
4)
of land on Blackwater
2)
from the
office
of Surveyor - General
all the rents and profits from 20, 000
Swamp and at Pamunkey Neck in Virginia,
to be held by the College for the quit -rent of two copies of Latin
to be delivered annually, on November
or Lieutenant - Governor of the Colony.
verses,
While
and
5th,
to the
Governor
in England Blair also collected some private gifts
and obtained B300 from some pirates ( Edward Davies,
subscriptions;
were pardoned and allowed to
understanding that E300 would
keep part of their treasure with the
John Hinson and Lionel Delawafer)
wh
o
be given to the proposed College. 2
In October
Middle
town,
and
November,
1693,
the General Assembly selectedl
a small settlement about seven miles from James- \
Plantation (
and subsequently the site of the City of Williamsburg)
as
the
the Colle e of William and Mary. 3
were purchased for the F
College at Middle Plantation from
p 1 ace f or
erec
Three
ti ng
Thomas Ballard. 4
hundred
The Assembly passed an act laying a duty on skins
and furs to further support the project. 5
1.
See pages 24- 29.
2.
See pages 55fn.
3.
See pages 32 36.
4.
See pages 33- 34 fn.;
5.
See pages 35- 37.
and
57.
and page 55.
�iv.
Ca. }
62L
1695
A Grammar
School
was
established
under the charter
Until the College
was
the College of William and Mary.
it occupied a school - house near the site of the proposed
Salaries were paid to a Grammar Master, Writing -Master,
for
erected,
building.
and
Usher,
in 1695- 1697, 1 and thereafter.
On August
8,
the ceremony of laying the foundation
1695,
of the College of William and Mary was held, the Governor,
2
and members of the Council being present.
Edmund
Andros,
The main building their
Majesties'
Surveyor
designed by Sir Christopher
General -
was
to be
The work of building progressed
quadrangle.
in the
slowly,
Sir
Wren,
form
of a
hampered
by
quarrels between Governor Edmund Andros and trustees of the College,
James Blair
and by the scarcity of workmen; 3 and in 1697 the Rev.
was again sent to England to procure further assistance in finishand
ing the College. 4 An account of the funds already collected,
the money spent on the building and grammar school, was submitted
At that time only two sides of the proposed quadin April, 1697.
now
the
known as the " Great
and the work was almost at a stop for
Hall");
front,
and the north wing,
rangle had been carried up (
want of money. 5
The
Robert
Hon.
table
uses)
Rev.
Boyle (
James Blair secured funds from the estate of the
whose will of 1691 left certain money for chari-
for educating Indian children at the College "
from
the
first beginning of Letters till thgy were ready to receive Orders"
to go out and convert the Indians.
These
funds came from the
in Yorkshire, England,
profits and rents of the Manor of Brafferton,
in accordance with an agreement between the Earl of Burlington and
the Bishop
of London.
a May -Day Celebration was held at the
attended by Governor Francis Nicholson, members of the
On May 1,
College,
1699,
Council and House of Burgesses, and others.
scholars made speeches before these guests;
1.
See pages 56- 58,
2.
See page 47.
3.
See pages 48- 68.
4.
See pages 53- 54.
5.
See pages 53- 58.
6.
See pages 61- 62,
110.
74- 75,
and
149- 150.
Several of the
one of them
urging
�v.
the removal of the seat of government from Jamestown to Middle Plantation, the site of the College. 1
This project was of especial interest
and in June,
1699,
the General Assembly passed
an act to build the Capitol and the City of Williamsburg at Middle
to Governor Nicholson;
Plantation.
Although
only two sides of the proposed quadrangle were
the building contained " all conveniences of
erected at this time,
Brewing,
Cooking,
Baking, &
and convenient Rooms for the Reception
c.
with many more Scholars than are as
in this part are also the Hall, and School- Room. 112
yet come to it;
of
the
President,
and
Masters,
The building has been described as being two -and - a -half stories
high; "
the recitation
front,
and the north wing was made into a hall,
rooms were in the first two stories
where
The rooms
served and the college exercises held.
officers and scholars were in the garrets,
over
of the
meals
were
of the president,
the
front
and
the
hall." 3
The Grammar School probably moved into the College build-
ing in 1700, 4 although they may have used some of the rooms before
the building
was completed.
120.0-- 1795
is
During its early years the College of William and Mary did
not progress beyond the Grammar School status, although an attempt
was made in 1700 to obtain a Professor of Mathematics and Natural
6
The
There were 29 scholars in the school in 1702.
two chief promoters of the College, the Rev. James Blair and
Francis
Nicholson,
began to quarrel during these years;? and
Philosophy. 5
was also at odds with several other members of the Council,
detriment of the progress of the College.
1.
See page 110.
3.
Dr.
Nicholson
to the
See pages 68- 71.
2.
Governor
Lyon
Richmond:
4.
Tyler,
G.
3011 j amsb ure
The
Old
Colonial
Capital
1907) 9 page 123.
See page 74 following.
Unfortunately,
most of the early records
the College were destroyed in the fires of 1705 and 1859.
of
The
earliest volume of Faculty Minutes now extant begins in 1729, after
the second building had been completed and furnished. Therefore,
there are many gaps in our information concerning the College.
5.
is
See pages 74 and 91.
6.
See page 85.
7.
See pages 84- 103.
�vi.
In April,
the Trustees
1700,
and Governors
offered the Governor and Council use of rooms
of the College
in the College build-
ing for meetings of the General Court and General Assembly ( the
The Court and Asstatehouse at Jamestown having burned in 169$;,.
sembly used the building from 1700 until the new Capitol at Williams1
1702,
In June,
a celebration was
burg was ready for use in 1704.
held at the College, attended by Governor Nicholson, the Council,
the militia from the six neighboring counties, and reprefrom the Indian tribes,
to announce the death of King
Burgesses,
sentatives
and the accession of Queen Anne. 2
William,
On October
29,
the College building was destroyed by
1705,
fire of an undetermined origin. 3
of
and
Trade
that "
that
the
fire
the building,
totally consumed. 114
thick,
withstood
Library,
Most
the
Governor
Nott reported to the Board
out " between 11
broke
of
the
and 12 aclock at night,"
and furniture
exterior
was
walls,
in a small
which
were
time
very
flames.
In 1709,
For the next four years the College lay in ruins.
Queen Anne granted fh00 towards rebuilding out of the quit- rents. 5
In
the
1709, the Trustees of the College decided t
old walls and appointed workmen to view them and
In
charge."
1710,
quit -rents towards
governor,
moting
who
the rebuilding.
arrived
in Virginia
the building
6
Alexander
in June,
Spotswood,
1710,
lieutenant -
was active
in pro-
Being first modelled by Sir Christopher
the rebuilding.
1717,
on
the
ompute/
Queen Anne granted an additional L5500 out of the
according to Hugh Jones,
ca.
rebuild "
August,
Professor
was "
of Mathematics
rebuilt,
Wren,
at the College
and nicely contrived,
altered
7
and adorned by the ingenious Direction of Governor Spotswood."
Grammar students and Indian children were attending classes
in a school -house before the second building was ready for occupancy. 8
It is probable that part of the building ( again as at first, only
The visitors
two sides of the proposed quadrangle) was in use by 1716.
met
in " the
Convocation
1.
See pages
2.
See pages 81- 84.
3.
See pages 104 115.
4.
See page 110.
5.
See pages
6.
See pages 116- 118.
7.
See page 132.
8.
See pages 116,
9.
See page 122.
73,
Roome
76- 87.
114- 115.
119- 122.
of the
said
Colledge"
on March
26,
1716. 9
�vii.
keeping
iThe " the of the table" at the
return of
scholars from their
However,
College commenced after the
Christmas, 1716, vacation. l
we are told that the building
was not finished
until
1723. 2
Ca.
was
erected
the Indian students ( who had
in town)
and their school- master. 3
from
Hon.
the
Robert
Bcylets
the Manor of Brafferton,
in
as
its six professorships,
and
the
School;
legacy,
Irwin
was
built
out
of
lodged
funds
which had been invested
in
England.
Yorkshire,
and
Joshua Fry,
the
follows:
Francis Fontaire,
Rev.
This
Brafferton,"
formerly
with
the College was finally fully established,
By 1729,
Alexander
as " the
known
1724 a brick building,
to house
professors
Bartholomew
Rev.
Yates
in the Divinity School;
Philosophy
William Dawson,
professors in the
master of the Grammar School; and
Richard
master of the Indian School. 4 The transfer of the College
of William and Mary from the surviving Trustees to the President
Cocke,
and Masters
and Professors,
which was directed
finally signed on February 27, 1729. 5
subsequently
celebrated
the day " the Transfer
is
by the College
of
the
said
in the charter,
was
Transfer Day" was
on August 15, 1729, being
However, "
College
was
Compleated."
6
In 1729, the building of the third wing - the Chapel wing It was completed in 1732,
of the proposed quadrangle was begun.
and President Blair opened the Chapel with a sermon on June 28th. 7
were
In July, 1732, the foundations of the Presidentfs House
At this time the Rev.
to be finished by October, 1733.
laid,
William Dawson wrote the Bishop of London as follows: "
The
founda-
tions of a common brick House for the President was laid opposite
These two buildings will appear at a small
to Brafferton. ...
distance
from
the
East
front
of
Garden planted with evergreens
and
form
Chapel,
two
before which is a
kept in very good order.
The
Hall
joining to the west Front towards the Kitchen Garden
handsome
i8
wings...
1.
See page 125.
2.
See page 131.
3.
See pages 133,
4.
See pages
5.
406.
the College,
See pages 148- 151,
See
page 152. 7.
See
pages 151, 152-
See
page 154.
134.
149- 150.
152.
a, 154.
8.
�viii.
Monument,
of curious Workmanship, in
In 1739 a " beautiful
was erected in the Chapel to Sir John Randolph ( died 1737),
and was
who had represented the College in the House of Burgesses,
Marble"
buried in the Chapel. l
The
on April 18,
Rev.
James
1743. 2
The
first
Blair,
Rev.
William
Blair
succeeded him as president.
President
Dawson,
left
his
of
the
died
College,
Professor of -D! vI Ltjti"
books
and
L500
to
the
College.
and
In 1747 the Capitol in Williamsburg burned,
the General
Assembly of Virginia again met in the College until a new Capitol was
erected. 3
The College prospered during these years. 4
In 1734
the
General Assembly of Virginia passed " An Act for the better support
and encouragement of the College of William and Mary in Virginia,"
which,
set aside part of the money to be levied
among other things,
In 1736 there were " upwards
by the act for the purchase of books.
of 60 Scholars present" in the College; and in 1754 there were
53
Students,
and 7 Indians,"
15 Scholars,
In 1756 Benjamin Franklin
Thomas
in attendance. 6
received
an honorary "
degree
of
Jefferson was a student in 1761 and
A. M."
from the College.?
1762,
boarding in the College during those years. 8
The presidents
William
Dawson,
who
The
of the College changed rapidly.
succeeded
James
Blair
in 1743,
died
in
Rev.
1752•
The following men held the office of President during the 17521777
period:
The
Rev.
William
The
Rev.
Thomas
Stith Dawson _
The
Rev.
William
The
Rev.
James
The
Rev.
Yates
Horrocks -
1752 -
1755 1761
died
died
Q
1755. /
176D. '-' >`% '
1764 -
died 1764.
left for England
1771 -
removed
I.
sympathies. 9
1.
2.
See page 164.
3.
See pages 165- 166.
4.
See pages
151- 172.
5.
See pages
155- 158.
6.
is
See page 160.
See pages 158- a,
7.
See page 173.
8.
See page 178.
9.
See Tyler, ] JJ1„1j„= gDvxz,
172.
pages 166, 194.
1777 -
Yvt 71
l,, kx
A
1771 -
died
on way 1772.
John Camm -
S
because
of Tory
a1 L
�ix.
Occasional
accounts
for building
and repairs
on the
College buildings are extant for this period. l
the Palace
In 1770 Norborne Berkeley,
and was
in Williamsburg,
He had been a warm friend
medals
for
Baron
de
died
Botetourt,
at
buried in the College Chapel. 2
of the College,
and established
two gold
to be given annually. 3
scholarship,
In 1772 the Visitors and Governors planned an addition to
It was probably about this time that
building.
Thomas Jefferson drew his plan for enlarging the building and making
Building materials were purchased, and the foundait a quadrangle.
the main College
tions
of the addition
but the outbreak of the Revolution
were laid;
put a stop to the work. 4
1776,
On December 5,
the
Phi Beta
Kappa
by students of the College of William and Mary.
Society
in
have been held at the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg,
minutes
of November
1777,
29,
ordered
that
the
members
Rev.
the
meet
on
Professor of Natural Philosophy
Madison,
became president of the College in 1777. 6
and Mathematics,
In
James
that
would
to be kept at the Raleigh. 115
the 5 b of next Month, being the Anniversary,
The
was founded
The first meeting may
December,
1779,
while
he was Governor
and
of Virginia,
a member of the Visitors and Governors of the College, Thomas JefferThe six
son brought about the reorganization of that institution.
The
professorships established by the charter were changed.
Grammar
and the following
School and the Divinity School were discontinued,
President,
James
Madison,
professors were appointed:
George
of Natural
Philosophy and Mathematics;
Professor of Anatomy
James McClurg,
the
Robert Andrews, Professor of Moral Philosophy,
Law and
Nations,
and Charles Bellini,
of
Law
of
Nature
of
Professor
Modern
and
The College was now considered a university.
Languages.?
In 1779 the beginning
Honor
Professor
and Medicine;
Police;
and Fine Arts;
and
Professor
Wythe,
System"
of what has become known as the
was practiced at William and Mary. 8
lished the University
of Virginia
When he estabThomas
at Charlottesville,
Jeffer-
son transplanted this feature to that institution.
178,
179,
1829 183,
1989 199, 205, 206, 207,
231.
226- a, 227, 230,
1.
210,
211,
See pages
161,
173,
2.
See pages 196,
See pages 206,
2132 222,
5-
E' ,
186- 188,
219,
189,
193,
2229 2239 2269
196- a.
4.
185,
213,
See pages 198- 203.
3.
212,
226- a,
238.
1st
pages 213- 244.
Tyler,
page 166.
6.
See
7.
See pages 232- 238 following.
8.
See
Tyler,
W,
William
bkarg,
page 176.
series,
Vol.
IV (
1896)
194,
�x.
By
The British invaded Virginia in the fall of 1780.
On January 18,
October most of the students had left the College.
James
the Rev.
1781,
Madison
wrote: "
The University is a Desert.
we
We were in a very flourishing way before the first invasion ...
The student is converted into the
are now entirely dispersed.
some of the professors thought it prudent to retire...
1781,
the British were in Williamsburg for ten days,
In June,
i1
Warrior,
General
Cornwallis
used the President'
s House
and
as headquarters
during that time. 2
In 1781 the main College building became a hospital for
the French soldiers who were fighting for the American cause. 3
The Presidentts House, which was given over to the French officers,
was accidently burned while so used; but it was subsequently rebuilt
with money from the French government. 4
A house in town was rented for President Madison5 (
known
as
the " Archibald
house
now
until
the PresidentIs
Blair
on Nicholson
House"
the
Street),
House was rebuilt.
In the fall of 1782,
the
College
re-
opened96 and by 1784
there were eighty undergraduate students in attendance.?
The School of Anatomy and Medicine was discontinued in
1783,
when
James
Dr.
McClurg
left
it.
In 1792 the Grammar School
at the College was re- established. 8
The
Rev.
James
Madison,
President
and
Professor
of Mathe1812, and was buried
matics and Natural Philosophy, died on March 6,
in the College Chapel, where a tablet was erected
to his memory. 9
Madison had become first Bishop of Virginia in 1790.
At the outbreak of the American Revolution,
William
and
Mary is said to have been the richest college in the country.
during that struggle it lost its most important sources
However,
of revenue by the depreciation of paper money;
English
channels;
endowment
funds,
the abolition
especially the Boyle
of the tobacco
tax;
the diversion of
trust, into English
and the cession to the
1.
See page 239.
2.
See page 240.
3.
See pages 242- 251.
4.
See pages 244,
246,
247,
5.
See pages
256,
258- 259.
6.
See pages 250,
7.
See page
8.
See Tyler,
Wi,].]. jam h=,
page 178;
9.
See
11i l1 azoD K ,
i
page 182; also page 297 following.
Tyler,
249,
249,
250,
2559 258- 259,
263,
265,
252- 253.
259.
also
page 282 following.
267,
269- 270.
�xi.
and
United States of Virginiats claims to western lands,
quent loss of the Surveyor' s fees.
l
The
removal
of the
the
conse-
seat
of
government from Williamsburg to Richmond was also a loss to the
College,
in that the political and social support which the capital
The act to remove
brought to the College was destined to fall away.
and the offices of government moved
the capital was passed in 1779,
The one economic gain to the
to Richmond in the spring of 1780.
College by this removal was the Palace lands in and adjoining Wilwhich the General Assembly of Virginia vested in the
liamsburg,
College.
in
said,
Although probably an over -statement, President Madison
1784, that the value of the lands thus given to the College
amounted to about MO, 000. 2
After President
the
Madisonts death in 1812,
Presidents
of William and Mary College were as follows.
John
Rev.
John Augustine
The Rev.
William
The
Adam
Rev.
Dew,
Thomas
R.
Saunders,
The
Rt.
Benjamin
S.
1814- 1826.
Smith,
Wilmer,
H.
1826- 1827.
1827- 1836.
Empie,
Robert
Benjamin
1812- 1814.
Bracken,
The
Dr.
1836- 1846.
1846- 1848.
Ewell,
Rev.
John
S.
Ewell,
1848- 1849.
Johns,
1849- 1854.
1854- 1888. 3
The College had its ups and downs. 4 The number of students
varied, 5 ranging from 19 to 140 between 1812 and 1860. In 1824, in
an effort to defeat Thomas Jeffersonts
at Charlottesville,
project for a state university
a plan was proposed for the removal of the College
Joseph C. Cabell wrote Jefferson
of William and Mary to Richmond.
A scheme is now in agitation
at
1824; "
from Williamsburg on May 5,
the subject of which is to remove the College of William
this place,
All the proffssors of the college,
and Mary to the city of RichVnd.
are decidedly in
James Semplg/,
except the professor of law /
Judge
favor
of
Chancellor Brown and others,
it.
will give it their support. ...
tempted,
and will be powerfully
1.
Herbert
B.
Adams,
Bureau
Jefferson
of Education -
of Visitors,
supported."
1887 -
No.
1),
Circulars
of
pages 56- 57.
be atLet
said: "
Thg QoJ l P e of Will.iamAga Mari (
Government Printing Office,
the
of the Board
It will most unquestionably
Washington:
Information
See
also
of
pages
237- 2389 273 of notes following.
2.
Adams,
The Qgllege ng William AP4 Mary, page 57.
3.
Tyler,
Williamsburg,
4.
See pages 282- 509 of the notes following.
5.
See pages 316,
number
of.
page 194.
657- 658 following;
also
see Index,
under , SUdgnts,
�let them get the old structure com-
them petition for the removal;
pletely
and not till then put in our claim to its
on wheels,
reception." (
appropriation
Jefferson apparently meant to try to get the entire
of the General Assembly for his own university at
1
Charlottesville.)
The plan to remove William and Mary did not
succeed.
Repairs
time -
were
made
on the
college
buildings
from
time
to
some of them extensive. 2
On February 8, 1859, the main building of the College of
William and Mary was burned - the fire starting in the north wing.
the books in the Library,
The Philosophical and Chemical apparatus,
the
and most of the
monuments in the Chapel,
Some lecture - room
were all destroyed.
lege,
Society furniture,
portraits in the "
furniture
and
in the Col-
Philomathean
the
a few books which were not in the Library,
Blue
the College
Room,"
seal,
and the College
records were saved. 3
A house
College
near
the
College (
which
became
known
as
and
was purchased to house the students,
Hotel")
the
lectures
were held in the Brafferton. 4
Flans for rebuilding
the College were immediately conit
in spite of some opposition,
funds were raised; and,
The exterior walls,
was decided to rebuild on the old walls.
though warped and cracked, had withstood the flames; although
sidered;
all
the chimneys and most of the interior walls fell in the fire. 5
Mr.
for the new building, which difb
Within a year, the
from the old.
Eben Faxon was the architect
fered considerably in appearance
rebuilding was completed, lectures being resumed in the building in
October,
1859. 7
On July 4,
College
Chapel,
1860,
the usual
Commencement
place
exercises
for these
were
ceremonies.
8
held
in the
There
were
63 students in the College in 1860. 9
TLg CgIlpgg of William and Marv,
pages 314- 322 of following notes.
1.
2.
See Index following notes under LgDaig (
3.
Adams,
See pages 515,
5.
For notes on the fire and the rebuilding
6.
See picture op.
7.
See page 548.
8.
See page 566.
9.
See page 658.
pages 58- 59.
See
also
See pages 510- 518.
4.
40
See
516,
523,
page 541,
dates
following
entries).
533.
and
notes
see pages 510- 566.
on interior
changes,
pages 558- 559.
�1860- 18£ 8
In May, 1861, Civil War being imminent and the majority
of students having already left the College to join the Confederate
Army, college exercises were suspended. l They were not resumed
until the fall of 1865. 2
The main College building was used first by the Confederate Army as barracks,
and then as a military hospital. 3 In May,
1862,
after the Battle of Williamsburg and the evacuation of the
forces,
Williamsburg was taken over by the Federal
Army, and remained a military garrison until the close of the war.
As soon as possible the Federals evacuated the hospital in the main
Confederate
College building; 4 and after that the building was used as a depot
for Federal commissary stores. 5
On September
1862,
9,
in retaliation for an attack on the
town by a force of Confederate Cavalry, the Fifth Pennsylvania
6
Most of the philosophiCavalry burned the main College building.
cal
apparatus,
college
and some
records,
to the Eastern State Hospital
of the books had been moved
for safe keeping.
Some
in the Library were saved at the time of the fire.
were
burned,
with
the
chemical
furniture,
apparatus,
somewhat
terior walls were again left standing -
of
The
the
books
remainder
etc.
The
ex-
less warped and
cracked than by the fire of 1859. 7
The Brafferton was stripped of most of its woodwork, windows,
All the fences and enclosures around the College
doors,
and floors.
The vaults in the College Chapel
were removed and used for fuel.
The Presidentis House, which was occuwere broken
open and robbed.
pied by the Southall
family of Williamsburg
from 1862 until 1864,
suffered only slight damage. 8
The Federals were still in possession of the College property in September, 1865; but it was agreed that if the College should
reopen that fall,
they would release the buildings necessary for the
students. 9
Hotel"
The Brafferton
repaired
to
house
was repaired
students;
and
for lecture -rooms,
in December,
1865,
18 college students and 32 grammar students in attendance.
1.
See pages
579,
580,
2.
See pages
597,
599.
3.
See pages
580- 581,
4.
See pages 585- 589.
5.
See page 594.
6.
See pages
7.
See page 594.
8.
See pages 591- 592,
9.
See pages
598- 599.
10.
See pages
597- 599,
589- 590.
582- 584,
589- 597.
594- 596.
600,
602.
585,
586,
594.
the " College
there
10
were
A wing
�xiv.
j860- 18g8 ( cgUli aUed) s
was added to the President' s House to house professors. l
Although
it was decided
its old walls in 1865, 2 and Col.
the main building
on
as
and plans were approved in 1867, 3 the building was not
architect,
completed
until
1869.
In 1865
petitioned
It was furnished
and ready for students
in
The faculty was reorganized at this time. 5
1869. 4
October,
to restore
Alfred Rives was selected
the
President
and Professors
of William
and Mary
the English High Court of Chancery to receive money
which had accumulated since the Revolution in the trust fund of
Mrs.
Mary Whaley, who had left funds for educating needy children
of Bruton Parish in memory of her son, Matthew ( or " Mattey") Whaley,
who died
College
in 1706.
After paying attorneys
the
fees and charges,
In
and Mary obtained $ 8, 470 from this fund.
of William
1867 the grammar school became known as the " Grammar and Mattey
and
School,"
it was
continued
in the Brafferton
for
In
a time.
1869 it was decided to erect a new building for the Grammar and
Mattey School, on the Palace lot, which had been given to the
College
after
the
Revolution.
This new school -house was
completed
in 1870. 6
The cost of repairing the College,
salaries
the professors'
and
the
college
1877. 6
The
number
of
and
buildings,
were more than the College
fees could pay. 7
students'
new
endowment
students (
both
and grammar) ranged between 35 and 86 in the years 1865Attempts were made to raise money in the North by personal
subscription;
and appeals were made to Congress for indemnity
the damage done during the Civil War. 9
These
failed,
it was necessary to suspend college exercises .10
continued
closed
until
1.
See pages
3.
See pages 603,
4.
College
1888.
See page 624.
6.
of
1881
See pages 599- 619.
5.
in
See page 602.
2.
The
and
See pages 615, 625,
1st
597- 599.
series,
604.
Vol.
IV (
See also ,
631.
1896),
pages 3- 14.
7.
See Tyler,
8.
See page 658 of notes following.
9.
See
Tyler,
pages 590,
10.
Williamsburg,
3Jj > taamsD=
623,
g,
626- 627,
page 192.
page 192.
631,
Also notes following -
633- 6369 638, 6429 651, 654.
Apparently,
See pages 672- 673 of notes following.
Visitors intended to continue the college exercises
there
were
no
students.
although
the
in 1882- 1883,
�xv.
the General Assembly passed an act " to
a Normal School at William and Mary College in Connection
In
Establish
1888,
March,
with its Collegiate Courses. il This act appropriated $ 10, 000
support of the College, provided for a new Board of Visitors to be appointed under the charter,
The College
act
to
the
ten
and ten appointed by the governor.
President
faculty was reorganized.
Ewell declined to
and Lyon G. Tyler
and retired as president emeritus;
The attendance was 104 in 1889, and
him as president.
In 1893 the Congress of the United States
steadily.
further,
succeeded
increased
it
finally passed a bill to partially indemnify the College for its
losses in the Civil War. 2
In 1906 the College of William and Mary was transferred
to the State of Virginia by an act of Assembly passed in March of
The newly organized Board of Visitors consisted of
that year.
eleven
the State
members:
Superintendent
of Public
Instruction,
and ten others appointed by the governor every four years.
3
In
1918 women were admitted to the College by an act of the General
The College has grown tremendously both in attendance
Assembly.
Between the years
erected on the campus,
and in buildings during the twentieth century.
fifteen
1919 and 1932,
and the enrollment
tinued
new buildings
were
grew from 150 to 1300 students.
4
It
has
con-
to grow.
Lyon
Dr.
he retired
Tyler was president from 1888 to 1919,
G.
as president
Julian
emeritus.
Chandler,
A.
when
He was followed as president by$
1919- 1934
John Stewart Bryan, 1934- 1942
John Edwin Pomfret, 1942- 1951
Alvin Duke Chandler, 1951-
Between the years 1928 and 1932 the three principal
buildings in the College yard - the main building,
and the Presidentis House - were restored to their
tury appearance through the generosity of Mr.
Jr.,
whose restoration of Williamsburg
the
Brafferton,
eighteenth
John D.
cen-
Rockefeller,
got under way in 1928.
The
main building was again ready for use by the fall term of 1931.
Archaeological
and architectural
information as to this restoration
may be found in the reports of Colonial Williamsburg,
organization
M.
in charge
of the restoration
Inc.,
the
of Williamsburg.
Goodwin
ms
page 192.
See also notes following -
See Tyler,
Willi
pages 663,
672.
2.
See
Tyler,
1jill ia,
mplZarg,
pages 192- 193. Also pages 6712672, 678 following.
3.
See
Tyler,
jpij, jji per,
pages 192- 194•
4.
See Catalogue
1.
a,
of The College of William and Mary -
current.
�1.
33
PUBLIC
RECORD
OFFICE,
London.
C. O.
q
5/ 1305
Typed copy William and Mary Archives
Vol.
IV,
Virginia State Library]
tea - iv3
from Sainsbury Transcripts,
t
ti
d
16901
SEVERALL PROPOSITIONS to be humbly P/ftented to the Consideration of
Proposals
of the Clergy -
ye next Generall
Assembly,
for ye better incouragement of Learning) By the
founding a Colledge in this Countryyto
Phylosophy, &
consist of three School,
Vizt
Grammar,
Divinity.
It is proposed yt the Genll Assembly would humbly address their sacred
Majties
to grant
their Lysence
and Royall
impower
Charter to enable &
in some convenient
fitting persons to found & erect a Colledge
yt out of their Royall
Country, &
bounty &
favour,
their Majties
gratiously pleased, to grant part of their Quittrents
the better
enabling
the sd persons
to build the
place
certain
in this
would be
of this Country towards
and provide
said Colledge,
for the yearly maintenence of ye same.
That
either by continueing
sent
the
into this gountry, or an Additionall buty
wayes
and
or
means,
effectual,
dutyes
upon
all Liquors
imported
or by any other better
as to the Wisdom of the Assembly shall seem most Certaine
a sufficient yearly maintenance may be settled & provided for
on
ye
same,
ye paying the Stipends and yearly Allowances of ye Mastrs and Professrs and
the defraying other charge of the said Colledge.
That Care be taken for ye pro4ding
for the said Schooles,
Vizt
for
the
able & fitting Mastrs and Profesrs
Grammar
School,
For the Phylosophy school, two able Profesrs,
Phylosophy, & the other for ye Mathematicks; for the
able
Professor,
skill' d in ye Orientall Languages, &
a Master, &
one
an
able
for
Logick &
Divinitie
schoole
Usher.
one
able &
natural
one
grave divine,
to be President of the Colledge who may be fitting in case of mortalitie,
or Disabilitie of any of the said Profesrs
may be procured.
That for the better Encouragement
the said places,
of the
said
there may be allowed
to supply
their place
of able and Learned men,
to the
said President,
to
another
undertake
and to Every
Professrs ye yearly allowances following.
150
To ye President of ye Colledge,-...........£
150
To ye Professrs of Divinity ..............£
Mastrs &
while
Vizt -
E080
To Each Professr of Phylosophyb ...........
excepting tenn poor Schollars
and liberty to take £ 1 yearly of each Schollar,
who are to be taught gratis.
To the Mastr of ye Grammar schoole £ 80, with the liberty to take fifteen
shillings pr Annum of each Schollar,
be
taught
excepting
20 poor
scholla. rs,
who
are
to
Gratis.
To ye Usher £ 50 & liberty to take five shillings yearly of each schollar,
except the twenty poor schollars aforesd.
That for ye better encouragemt and enabling fitting persons to transport
to undertake ye said places, there be advanced
allowed to ye President,
and each of ye sd Mastrs & Profesrs £ 50 a piece,
themselves into this Country,
to ye Usher £ 25.
That a Convenient place may be appointed as near as may be to ye Centre
of ye Country for ye seating of the said Colledge, and a sufficient Quantity
of land purchased
for ye same, *
ereon may with all possible
expedic`on be
�2.
builded
Convenient & necessary
houses.
That due Regard be had for ye mal ng Status &
Governmt
of ye said
Endorsed]
Ordinances,
Virginia.,
1690
Proposall
of ye Clergy for ye founding a Colledge.
FXECUTIVE JOURNALS OF' THE COUNCIL OF COLONIAL VIRGINIAVol.
I ( Richmond:
1925)
p.
July 25th 1690.
Present
as
Bacon,
John
Wm.
for ye well
Colledge.
Cole,
Page,
1680- 1699
121
before [
Wm.
Francis
Byrd,
John
Nicholson,
Lear,
Lt.
Chr:
Gov.,
Nath.
John
Wormeley,
Armistead.]
His Honr the Lt Govr acquainting this Bo_:rd, that it is requisite
and convenient for the forwarding and Carrying on the good Designe of
having a. free School & Colledge in this Governmt ( a thing already proposed
by some pious
Men)
that
persons
be appointed &
Impowerd
to
taKe
the Subscriptions of such as are willing to Contribute towards soe good
a designe,
which by the blessing of God Almighty may be for his Glory,
the honor of their Majesties,
and the Good of this Country,
Board agreeing herewith, Severall persons being Named,
requested
to Authorize
Ibid.,
156 [
P.
and Impower
and
the
whole
His Honor is
them soe to doe.
Communication of the Governor to the Sheriffs of the
Colony.]
Give me an account who are ye great promoters or discouragers in
your County of ye good design of a Free school &
Colledge,
and
whit
lands
there are in your County that have been given to either of those uses.
Given under my h.,, at James Citty Decembr ye 2d Ano Dom 1690...
nd
Fr:
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE,
Types,
Vol.
IV,
London.
C. O.
Nicholson.
5/ 1305.
copy William and Mary Archives from Sainsbury Transcripts,
Virginia. State Library]
Instrument app' ting Comrs for taking Subscriptions
towards a Colledge
to be erected:
WHEREAS I understand that a good Proposicon concerning ye building
endowing of a free school & colledae
been made by several pious, &
in this Colony of Virginia, hath
Gentlemen & by them p1s,ented to
charitable
�3•
ye honble
councel
of State;
who likewise approved of ye same, as an
for ye good education of ye youth, & for a continual
supply of ye Ministry, of this Colony.
And that towards ye effecting
excellt
design,
of so good a work,
the two chief things yt are wanting, are Sufficient
charityes &
free gifts, to defray ye charge of ye
together wth an Act of Assembly, providing a yearly Revenue,
building,
for ye Endowing, of ye sd free Schoole & Colledge, according to ye meaning,
intent of ye sd Proposicon: &
being most willing & desirous yt so good,
necessary a work may be carried on, without farther delay, wee do hereby impower & Authorize you Coll:
Edward Hill,
Mr James Blair Commissary, Capt Wm Randolph,
for
subscriptions,
Mr
Francis
Eppes, &
Harrisson,
Joshua Lawson, &
Coll:
Edm:
Bruton,
Mr
Capt
Mr Benj:
Southwark,
Wm
Jennings
Sherwood &
Mr
Dewel
Mr John Buckner,
Mr
Wm
Lemuel
Capt
Hen
Mr
Patrick
Mason.
Fran:
Mr
Page,
Smith,
Coll.
Baker,
Samll
Mr
Minister
Tho:
Hen:
of
Milner,
Ebon,
Minister
of
Hartwel, &
Duke.
Minister
of
Middlesex,
Mr
Coll:
John
Foster,
Smith,
Mr
Tho:
Christopher
Prvll:
Robinson,
Lightfoot,
Coll:
Rich:
Ma.jr Hen:
Johnson
Leigh
Mr
Mr
Foster,
VIE Hen:
Majr Lewis Burrell,
Capt:
Whiteing,
Coll.
Esge,
Capt:
Pead
Joseph
John
Farnefold,
Fitzhughes,
Mr
Minister of Bowtracey,
Capt
Geo:
Cooper,
Capt Wm Hardrick, Capt Lawrence Washington,
Coll: Wm
Capt Wm Ball, Capt John Pinkard, Mr Rob: Carter, & Capt Wm Lee
Christopher
Neale,
Teagle,
Scarborough,
Minister
Coll
Jno
of
West &
Coll
bccomack,
Capt
Jno
Danll
Jenefer,
Coll
Char:
Custis
Jointly or Severally, to procure as many Subscriptions gratuities &
benevolences as you can wthin this Colony of Virginia,
towards ye defraying ye charge of ye sd buildings, hoping if it shall appear by ye largeness
numbers of ye sd subscriptions, yt ye Countrey intends sincerely &
seriously to advance so good a work, yt then it will meet wth no Obstruccon,
neither
from their Majesties,
nor from ye generall Assembly but will be
Given
duely carried on & receive all Legal a.pprobacon, & encouragemt.
under my hand & Seal this 25th day of July in ye 2d year of yeir maties
V-
reign.
Ao
Domini
1690.
Francis
Wee whose
design
of
a
names
free
Nicholson
are Subscribed
schoole &
being
Colledge
in
desirous
Virginia,-
to promote
to
Show
or
ye good
forwardness
therein, .
for ye good Example of others, Do hereby freely offer towards
ye building of ye sd schoole & colledge & other necessary houses, there the several Sums here affixed to our names wch sums we do
unto belonging,
hereby bind orselves, or heirs & executrs to pay, or cause to be paid
within
six
months
after
y.
Generall Assembly of this Colony shall have
their
passed An act, for endowing of ye sd free schoole & Colledge, &
or Collectors,
Majties have confirmed ye same, to such Collector,
as by
Law shell be appointed,
In witness whereof
for Receiveing ye sd paymts.
we have hereto Set or hands & Seales.
Endorsed] -
71
Virginia.,
1690
�4.
PUBLIC
RECORD
OFFICE,
London.
C. O.
5/ 1305
FTyped copy William and Mary Archives from Sainsbury Transcripts,
Vol.
IV,
Virginia. State Library]
To ye Honble Merchts of London,
especially such as Traffick in
Virginia:
Honble Gentlemen,
The Lieut
Governr,
Councill,
Gentry &
Clergy
of this Collony being at p' sent about a Charitable design of erecting &
founding
a Free Schoole &
Colledge,
for the Education of our youth,
constant supply of our Ministry, &
pthaps
a foundation
a
for ye Conversion
of our Neighbouring Heathen to ye Christian Faith, they have not only
contributed very liberally themselves,
but being well assured of yor
Kind Dispositions towards this poor Country,
send you the enclosed
Breefe, &
only yor own charitable
withall
subscripcons
in
they have commanded
their
towards
names
to
us to
entreat,
soe good a work;
but
not
also
yor Intercessions wth such of yor Friends & Acquaintance as you know
to be men
of Publick
Spirits,
or to have any p' ticular
respect
to this
place. ...
Honble
Gent.
Your
we
subscribe
faithfull &
James
Pat:
Deuel
Blair,
ourselves
ready servts
Comiss:
Smith,
Sur:
Sam:
Eburn,
Pead,
Sur:
John
Farnefold,
Sur:
Sur:
James Citty in Virginia
July 25th 1690.
cEndorsedj Proposals of the Clergy to the Merchts of London for the
founding
JOURNALS
of a Colledg.
OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES
Richmond:
1659- 1693
1914)
Friday ye 24th of Aprilj1691 cp.
343,
The Petition of Mr James Blaire on behalfe of himselfe the rest of
ye Reverend Clergy together with a. proposition for the erecting a publique
Colledge being referred by ye Lt Governor [ Nicholson3 &
ordered
to be read &
Councell
were
Considered in a full house on Munday next in the
afternoone.
Munday ye 27th of Aprill 1691 up.
3441
The Petition of James Blayne Minister on behalf of himselfe &
the
rest of ye Clergy ... abt the better paymt of their Salaries...
Severall propositionG for the founding of a Colledge referred by ye
Rt Honble
the Lt Governor &
Councell read and referred to the consideration
of ye Committee of propositions.
�5.
LEGISLATIVE
JOURNALS
Wednesday
Mr
Aprll
Benia
OF
THE
1918)
I ( Richmond:
Vol.
COUNCIL
pp.
OF
COLONIAL
VIRGINIA
137- 8
1691
29th
c wait upon ye Rt Honble ye Lt Governr and
Harrison &
prayed that some of ye Councill might be appointed to hold a Conference
with some of ye members of their house about considering ye best method
for Securing ye Country, & ye most expedient way for erecting of a
Colledge.
Ordered
house
of
Wormeley
Whiting
that William
Burgesses
Esyr
and
Edwards
acquaint
Wormeley
Wm Byrd EsgrEsc
Esgr
are
appointed
Cleric
them
to
of ye Genll
that
Wm
Henry
hold
a
Cole
Esgr
go to ye
Seer
Hill
r Edwar
Conference
Assembly
Esqr
with
such
Ralph
and , Chr:
members
as
Should be appointed by their house tomorrow after morning prayers, in
ye Council Chamber to consider ye Security of
expedient method of Erecting a Col edge. Thursday
this Country
and
ye most
kT,
Aprill 30th 1691
I COLE Esgrr reports from ye Conference held with Some of ye house of
Burges es ye Several methods proposed for ye Security of ye Country erecting
a
Christopher
Col edge and
ye same are approved of.
Mr
Robinson &
c
Some of ye Council may
wait on ye Rt honble ye Lt Govr and pray that
be Assign' d
to Joyn wth Some members of
their
house in- wing an humble address to their Mas for a Col edge, and
dra.
Councill were Assign' d
prayers tomorrow morning. JOURNALS
OF
THE
1914)
HOUSE
OF
BURGESSES
to meet in ye Council Chamber
1659-
1693
imediately
accordingly
after
Richmond:
Thursday
3471
THE
Over. Mr
Aprill ye 30th 1691 [p.
house
Xtopher
Jno
Robt
appoynted
Smith
Carter
mett, and
Robinson
Capt
Mr
to
Colll
Law
Miles Cary
Hen. Heartwell
manage the
appoynted by
be
called
raised... & also
Smith
Capt
Mr
conference
Major
Wm
Wm
Cha: Scarbrough
Randolph Mr
Lewis
in
Wm
Mr
the
Councell
Ben
Capt
Harrisson
Mr
Leigh Mr
Chamber,
Jo Ring are
with
the Councell
the Lieut Governor concerning wt forces are now necessary to
aboute such
an Expedient as
may be most Suitable
for
the obtayning their Mats Royall Charter to enable fitting persons to found
and erect a Col edge together with their Mats most gracious grant of
Some part of the Quitt rents towards the
Meridiem
maintenance & Support
thereof.
Post
It
being reported to this house from the Managers of ye sd Conference with
the Councell, touching
that
part of the Conference, which
related
to
the findeing out fitt methods for ye advancemt of Learning in this 0
�6.
go
Countrey,
could
that the Councell were of Opinion,
be had
therein,
that before any proceedings
it were first necessary by an humble addresse
to their Malys to pray their Mats Royall Charter for the enableing
Some persons to erect a Colledge in Such part of the Countrey as may
be most Convenient and that they might as much as in them lye,
forward so Good a desygne,
would
an
at all
times
promote
they were pleased to declare that they
be free & ready
to joyne with this house
in such
addresse.
The house most kindly received ye Motion &
ordered
a Message...
to be Sent to the Councell to request their Honrs would be pleased to
appoynte Some of the Council_l to joyne wth Such Members of this House
as shal be appointed in the preparing & drawing up an address to their
Mats for that purpose.
LEGISLATIVE
Vol.
May
JOURNALS
I ( Richmond:
rye 1st
OF THE COUNCIL
1918)
P.
OF COLONIAL
VIRGINIA
138
1691
MR Secy Cole reports ye Severall parts of ye Address agreed to,
to be presented to their Mas for a Colledge and ye Same are approved of.
JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES
Richmond:
1914)
P. 352
1659- 1693
Thursday ye 7th Ma Y 1691 ...
Merediem .,,
Post
A message from the Councell by Mr Edwards to acquaint the house,
that three of the Councell will be ready to morrow morning after prayers
to meete and joyne with Such members of the house as shall be appoynted
for the drawing up an addresse to their Maties for the obtaineing their
Maties Royall Charter for the enableing Some persons to erect a Colledge
in this Countrey.
Bar Hartwell
P.4r Willson,
Mr
Capt Randolph,
Carter,
PJir
Colll
Harrison &
Laurence Smith, PJIE Lewis,
Mr Church —
hill are appointed to
meet tomorrow morning after prayers and accordingly Joyne with the
Councell in the prepareing such an addresse.
Then a debate ariseing concerning the place where the Colledge
should be nominated to be built after Some motions thereupon,
the
further
debate thereof was referred till to morrow morning Seaven a Clocke &
ye Members of the House required then to give their respective attendance.
Fr
da
May ye Sth 1691.
THE house mett.
Colledge.
Resolved,
and resumeing the debate about ye place for the
upon the Question, that the place to be nominated
upon, by Gods Leave intended to be in this
t'
ne Colledge
erecting
be upon the Land of Ralph Greene Junior, now in the Tenour
Bay
U
o
for
Countrey,
of Mr Thomas
lyeing upon the North Side of yorke River in gloucester County &
�rA
over agast the Plantation of Edmund Jennings Esq.
Mr Secretary Cole
Ralph 2yme1r Esc Colll Edward
Coll.
Jno
Capt
Majr
Pa
Jno
Cha:
Colll
e
Smith
Coll.
Harrison
Mr Beni.
Capt
Scarburgh
Bacon
Nath.
Miles
Coll
Smith
Law:
Mr
C_
ar
Millner
Thom:
Hen:
Iiill
Mr
Colll
Heartwell
xpher
Wm
Robinson
Fitz -hush
Mr
James
Blaire
and Mr Robt Carter are persons nominated by ye house to be presented
to take
their
Maties
Royall
grant
for the
erecting
of a Colledge
accordingly.
Upon a motion made that Mr James Blaire a worthy P-ilinister of this
Countriy, and a person well acquainted wth the Methods & proceedings
of Such a desygne,
night be desired totssist
the Comittee appoynted
to
Joyne wth the Councell in the drawing up an addresse to their 1.2aties
for their Royall
grant
erect
in
a
Colledge
Ordered,
That
of a Charter
this
the
to some
fitting
persons
to found &
Countrie.
sd
Comittee
doe
request
the
assistance
and
direc-
e in such matters as they shall fin de necessary
tions of ye sd At Bla
for their better prepareing Such addresse.
LEGISLSTIVE
Vol.
JOURNALS OF THE COUNCIL
1918)
142
p.
OF COLONIAL
VIRGINIA
I ( Richmond:
Monday
May
llth
1691
Ordered that ye Clerk of ye Genll Assembly go tomorrow morning
to ye house
of Burgesses ...
And that he deliver them ye opinion of ye Councill about a
fitt place for a Colledge by Gods PEerjmission design' d to be erected
in this Country and of fitt Prer3sons to be presented to their Mas to
take their Royal grant for erecting thereof.
JOURNALS
Tuesday
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
Mai ye 12e 1691 ...
Mr Edwards
likewise
1659- 1693
BURGESSES
ep.
brought
357,
from the
Councill
their
proposition concerning the obtaining their Maties Grant
ing of a Colledge which was laid upon the Table.
1691• [
Fryda. Y May ye 15th
p.
Honrs
opinion
for the erect-
360]
Then the house entred into debate of ye place for the Colledge, &
the
Question
North
Side
being
of
Resolved
late
of
put whether
Yorke
Mr
40
be on the South
Side
or the
That it be on the South Side of Yorke River upon the land
Townesend deceased now in the possession of Jon Smith and
Colll ..
near to the port appoynted
Mr
it Should
River.
Cr
Robinson
Iiarrisson &
Colll
Majr
in York County.
Scarburgh,
Lawson
being
Mir Hartwell
appointed
Capt Smith ;
to manage
Lr
a Conference
C r ,
with
�Ei2
Mr Cr Robinson
the Councill upon the pointes agreed about, the Colledge
reported
from
the
said
conference.
That having acquainted the Honble Councill ( the Lt Governor being
that the house had agreed,
pursuant to their Honrs proposition,
that the place be on the South Side of York River on the plantation
present)
late
of Colll
Townesend & c The Councill
agreed thereto,
and
to the other
part the Councill Concurred.
That the Number exceed not twenty to take the Royal Charter for
erecting the Colledge.
That the honble ye Lt Governor be one.
That there be four of ye honble Councill as their Hcnrs shall agree.
That there be foure of the Clergy whereof two to be in place of
Master of ye Colledge & professor of. divinity, And that nine others be
nominated and appointed by this house & Ordered, that every Metaber of
the house doe prepare a list of nine persons in paper whome he shall
think fitt to be presented to their Maties for the Takeing of their
Majesties Royall grant of a Charter for the Colledge & put the Same upon
the Table in the afternoone.
Post
Mr
Hartwell
reported,
Meridiem.
that the nine person:
upon whome
the Majority
fell were Colll Nath. Bacon
Colll Jno Page
Lt Colll
Thomas
Millner
Speaker,
Mr Christopher Robinson, Mr Charles Scarburgh, Capt Jno Smith, Ms Benjn
Harrisson,
names
Mr Miles Cary,
accordingly
Mr Henry
be inserted
Hartwell,
and
it
in the instructions
was
Resolved
in order
That
their
to be presented
to their Maties for that purpose.
A Message
from
the
Mr Edwards to acquainte
Vizt Mr Secretary Cole,
two of the Clergy viz.
Rt honble
the
Lieut
Governor &
Councill by
the house they had agreed upon foure of ye Councill
Ralph Pwormely Esyr Im _Byrd_ Esrr & Jno Leere Fsqr
The Reverend Mr James Blaire, & the
Reverend
Mr John Banister to be presented to their Maties to take their Royall
grant of a Charter for a Colledge, and left the other two of the Clergy
to ye election and nomination of the House.
LEGISLATIVF
JOURNALS
Vol.
144- 5
I,
pp.
ffrydgy. May
15th
OF THE COUNCIL
OF COLONILL
VIRGINIA
1691
M. Christopher
r
Robinson &
c wait upon ye Councill. in ye Councill
Chamber...
And acquaint them that ye house of Burgesses had agreed that ye Land
of mr Wm Buckner on ye South side York River was a fitt place for ye Erecta
ing of
Colledge,
ye Councill
and proposed that ye Rt Honble ye Lt Govr and four of
and four of ye Clergy to be nominated by ye Councill, and ten
�9.
more to be nominated by them were a fitt number of Pcerjsons to be
presented to their Mas to take their Royal grant for ye Erecting thereof.
Ordered that ye Clerk of ye Genll Assembly carry ye following
message to ye house of Burgesses and acquaint them that they approved
of ye place for ye Colledge to Stand on and had nominated Tm Cole Esgr Sec
Ralph Wormle_ Esgr
y
William
Byrd Esa r and John Lear Esgr of ye Councill
ye Reverend James Blair Comissary to ye Bishop of London and ye
Reverend
ye other
John
two,
Banister
two of ye Clergy
JOURNALS
OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES
and desired
them to nominate
of ye Clergy to be presented with those that should be
nominated by them to take their Mas Royal grant for ye Erecting of a
Colledge in this Country.
Munday
ye 18th day of May 1691.
The Reverend
nominated
1659- 1693
3633
cP-
Yx Jno Fornifold & ye Reverend
Ms_ Stephen
Feuce were
by ye house to be inserted with the persons already nominated
to take
their
Tuesday
May
Tdaties
the
Royall
1691.
19th
Grant
cP-
of a Charter
for
a Colledge.
3641
Upon a debate concerning a person t o be employed for ye Solicitting
Carrying on the desygne of ye Colledge, the Question being put 1hether
it
be
not
of
absolute
for the erecting
necessitie
for
the
Colledge
a Schoole &
in
person of the Clergy here be employed in
the
same,
It passed
Ordered
doe
Waite
That
upon
this
of the Royall
Dominion,
England
to
grant
that Some fitting
Solicit
and
endeavour
in the Negative.
Mr
the
obtaineing
Wm
Church - hill
Honble
accompanyed
vvith
divers
other
members
present the addresse to their Maites
Councill &
this day read in the house.
The humble Supplication
Maties concerning a Colledge
who was appoynted
cill
about
that
with
affair
of the General Assembly of VirEa to their
being broug', t into the house by Mr Xr Robinson
Several
was
others
read
in
members. to
the house
and
conferre
with
approved
of.
the Coun-
LEGISLATIVE JOURNALS OF THE COUNCIL OF COLONIAL VIRGINIA
Vol.
I,
p.
Wednesday
151
May
20th
Mr• Christopher
Chamber
which
0
1691
Robinson & c wait
with en humble
followeth
Address
and desire
upon ye Councill in ye Councill
to be presented to their most Sacred Mas
their
Concurrence,
and
also
acquaint
them
that
�10.
their house had made Choice
manage ye Same, & desired
of ye Reverd Mr James Blair to go for eland
their
Concurrence.
Ordered_ that ye Clerk of ye Genll Assembly carry ye following
messages
to ye house
of Burgesses...
And ye humble Supplication to be presented to their Mas for their
Royal grant and Charter to Erect a Colledge in this Colony is approved,
as also Your Choice of ye Reverend mr James Blair to present ye Same.
JOURNALS
OF
Wednesday
THE
HOUSE
BURGESSES
ye 20th 1691. [
jiLEL
Resolved
Such
OF
that
manner
his
as
the
honr
Rt
366- 641
pp.
Honble
shall
1659- 1693
the
thinke
Lt
Governr
fitt
to
be cesired
is:., e
u
out new
in
Such
breifs
time
to
and
the
Severall Counties of this Countrey for the receiveing of Such contributions
towards the erecting & Supporting
as
intended
in moneyes
benefactors
of the Grammer
tobaccoes
or other
Schoole
benevolences
and Colledge
as
the
respective
shall be capable and willing to bestow.
Post
Meridiem. ...
The Supplication concerning the Colledge returned from the Councill
approved
of', Ordered to be Entred upon the journall & fairly transcribed
against
to
morrow
To their most Excellt Maties Wm &
Scotland,
France,
The humble
Ireland &
Supplication
Virga
Mary by ye Grace
K&
Queene
of ye Generall
Assembly
Wee - the Lt Governr Councill & Burgesses
which is the first
of
of God of England,
Defenders
this
of the Faith sec
of Virga
heneral
Assembly
since your Maties most Gracious & happy reigne over us
being encouraged by yor Princely Zeall for Promoting Religion & vertue,
and incited by ye urgent necessities of this yor viaties Dominion,
our youth is deprived of the benefitt of a liberal & vertuous Education,
where
and
many of our Parishes of that instruction & comfort which might be expected
from a. pious & learned ministry have unanimously Resolved as the best
Remedy for those great evills, and as the most Suitable expression wee can
make of our hearty concurrence
Religion, &
the
Church
of
with your Maties in Supporting the Protestant
hurlbly to Supplicate yor Maties for your
England,
Royall grant & Charter to erect & endow a
yor Maties Dominion, as to the perticulars
free
Schoole &
relateing
Colledge
within
to the sd Desygne
this
wee have
given our Instructions to the Reverend Nir James Blayre whofae wee have
appointed to present this our humble Supplication, & to attend & receive
your Maties Comands thereupon, But since wee desygne that our intended
free
Schoole &
Colledge
together with learning and vertue may convey to
future generations the memory of our Obligacons to your Maties which there
is noe fear that wee of the present age can ever forgett, besides what is
contained
in the sd Instructions
wee humbly pray that the said Schoole &
Colledge may transa tt to our Posterity those names which are so deare &
auspicious
to
us,
and may accordingly be called the College of King killiam
�11.
and
Queen
That God may make yor Maties happy in thankfull &
Mary,,
as your Subjects are in a King —&Queen that answer,
very wishes is the hearty prayers of.
Thursday
372- 73,
Way ye 21st 1691. r-pp.
r• Robinson
Miair
obedient
their
Subjects,
Scarburgh
Cart
Mr
Smith &
Carter
were
appointed
to
Consider of Instructions to be given to the Reverend Mr James
Blare for the soliciting & prosecution of ye businesse of the Colledge
withdraw &
Ordered
and report the Same to the house.
that the Sun of 200 £
Sterl.
be put into the hands of the Reverend Mr James Blayre towards the Fpences
costs of procureing a Charter for the erecting of the Colledge...
Mr Cr Robinson Peported
from the Comittee
to whom the Same was
of & drawn up severall Instructions
referred that they had considered
to be given to the Reverend Mr James Blayre for ye Soliciting the businesse
were
read & approved
of the Colledge,
which
of by ye house &
ordered to be carryed to the Governor & Councill
their
he
delivered
in
at
Table &-
for
approbation.
a message
concurred
Reverend
wth
the
Mr James
who
to the honble Councill...
house
in
Blayre
the
Same, &
towards
alsoe
his expence
Reported
that
their
ordered
in ye Sum,
in Soliciting
Honrs
the
the businesse
of ye Colledge.
A Message by Mr Edwards from the Lieut Governr as follovreth,
Mr
Speaker
I have the Resolve of yor house desireing me to issue out new breifes
in order to the receiveing of Contributions
for erecting a Grammer Schoole
Colledge and a draught of one is herewith Sent you.
The Requests of ye house of Burgesses have beene very agreeable to mee...
Fr.
Upon
which
LEGISLATIVE
I,
Vol.
Thursday
pp.
the
sd
JOURNALS
Breife
OF
THE
read
COUNCIL
in
Nicholson
the
house &
OF
COLONIAL
VIRGINIA.
May 21:
of ye Genll
Assembly
carry ye following
1691
as you arrive in England make your application
be
Howard
there
and
of
Effingham
acquaint
their
this
Alas
Lord.,
Assistance in promotei.ng ye Same.
40
message
Speaker
Having considered ye Instruccons to Mir James
We propose that ye third Instruccon be Vizt
Lord
approved.
153- 54
Ordered that ye Clerk
to ye house of Burgesses ...
Mr
was
Lieut &
Blair
You
Comissary &
shall
as
c.
soon
to his Excell.2z ffrancis
Govr Genll
with ye Address,
of Virginia
if he
and desire his Lords
�JOURNALS
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
BURGESSES
1659- 1693
Fryday May ye 22d 1691.
cp.
3733
Resolved That it is not Safe for Mr James Blay-re who is now by
Gods leave bound for England ...
to take his passage or goe with Cart
Jno Jennings,
for that it hath plainly appeared to this genll Assembly
how maliciously and disdainfully he hath contemned the Governmt &
abused
the
inhabitants
A Message
desire
abt
an immediate
the
thereof.
from the Councill
conferrence
instructions
to
Mr
by Mr Edwards,
wth
James
Some
That
the
of the members
Councill
of his
doe
house
Blayne ...
Upon report of the Conference with the Councill to yt purpose
Certain Instructions were agreed upon by ye Councill & Burgesses to
given to the Reverend Mr James Blayre for his guidance &
direction
be
in
soliciting the businesse of ye Colledge & ordered to be fairly transcribed...
The Assembly having intrusted & empovrered ye Reverend Mr James
Blaryrre Ct03 prsent to their most Sacred Maties their humble Supplication
for the
obtaineing
their Roy11
grant
to erect a free
Colledge
Schoole &
in this Countrey & to Solicite the same according to divers Instructions
given
him to that purpose,
towards
the defraying
the Charge &
expence
thereof they have already ordered the sum of 200 1 Sterl to be paid
him,
but forasmuch
wholl
businesse
as the
shall
It is therefore
power
be
certaine
expence
cannt
be computed,
till
the
accomplished.
Resolved & Ordered
that
the
sd
I'VIr
James
Blayre
have
to take up,
upon Creditt in England Such Sum or Sums of money as
he shall have occasion to disburse towards the obtaining a gracious &
favourable answer in the affaire
Sum
of
200 £ &
to him committed,...
not exceeding the
that he desire ye honble Jeffry Jeoffryes Escrr upon all
Such his necessary occasions,
The Resolve
up money
in Engld
Councill assented
PUBLIC
RECORD
to give Creditt to this Countrey...
of the house for Mr James Blayr to have power to take
on creditt & not exceeding 200 1 St:
returned
from
the
to.
OFFICE,
London.
C. O.
5/ 1306
sPhotostat Colonial Williamsburg3
INSTRUCTIONS to Mr JAMES BLAIR Comissary &c appointed by ye Genll Assembly
of V"irga for Soliciting ye business of a ffree Schoole & Colledge in
England-
1.
2.
That you goe directly from hence,
You shall deliver to my Ld Bishop
herewith
receive,
YC h this present Fleet
of London,
ye Lettr wch you
directed to his Lordsp you shall desire his Assistance,
as to ye most Convenient
Way &
manner of executeing
these Instructions,
�13.
you shall depend on his advice &
You
3.
shall use
such means &
Directions.
Applications
to
deliver
our
humble
Suppli-
cation to their Malys as you shall thinke necessarie.
4.
You shall
a
Free
endeavr
Schoole &
Hebrew
to procure
Colledge,
Tongues,
from their Malys
wherein
together
shall
bee
an ample
taught
the
Mathematicks &
wth Philosophy
Charter
for
Greek,
Lattin,
Divinity, &
in Ordr to this you shall make itt yor business to peruse ye best
Charters
in
founded,
haveing
whereby Free Schooles & Colledges have been
Regard alwaies to ye Constitution of this Govermt,
England,
particularly to ye Propositions presented to this Generall Assembly
for
a
Free
Schoole &
Colledge,
a Coppy whereof
you herewith
receive.
Pray yt ye Free Schoole & Colledge bee erected & founded on ye South
side of Yorke River, upon ye Land late of Coll Townsend deceased, now in
ye Possession of John Smith, & near to ye Port appointed in Yorke County.
5.
Pray yt ye sd Colledge bee incorporated by ye Name of the Colledge
of King William & Queen Mary, or if their Malys refuse this Name, by
wt other Name they shall thinke fitt.
7.
Pray yt ye sd Schoole & Colledge bee founded in ye Names of ye
5.
Honble
Im
Francis
Byrd
Esqr,
Fa.rnifold,
Milner
John
Nicholson
John
Lear
1E Stephen
Smith
Gent,
Cole,
Esgr,
Ralph
Mr
It James Blair,
Nathll
Fauce,
Christopher
Gent,
Vm
Esc r,
Esqr,
Robinson
Bacon
Charles
Gent,
Benjamin Harrison
Esqr,
Gent,
Wormeley
John
John
Esq_,
Mr
Banister,
Page
Scarbrough
Miles Cary Gent,
Fsgr,
John
Tho:
Gent,
Hen:
Hartwell
Gent
8.
Pray yt ye sd Founders may bee alsoe made Governrs of ye Lands,
Revenues, &
Goods of ye sd Schoole & Colledge.
Possessions,
9.
Pray yt ye sd Governrs before
respective
William &
subscribe
sd
out
to
their
Trust &
advantage,
to preferr Men according
Favour,
to their Merritts,
with-
or Affection.
Pray yt ye sd Governrs & their Successrs may have a Comon Seal
10.
for signeing
11.
to
Admittance
may take ye Oath of Allegiance & Supremacy to King
Queen Mary, & their Successr Kings of Fngld yt they may alsoe
ye test agt sopry, & promise by Oath to bee faithfull in ye
Office &
Fee,
their Entry &
Offices,
all Ordrs & other things
touching
ye sd Corporation.
may have power from time
& appointe to all places & prefermts wthin ye sd
and to supply ye sd Places in Case of Vacancy, by
Pray yt ye sd Governrs & their Successrs
tyme
to Nominate
Schoole &
Death,
Colledge,
Resignation,
Deprivation,
12.
or
their
otherwise.
Successrs
doe not within
Eighteen
And if ye sd Governrs &
make such Nomination & appointment,
Months after such Vacancy,
yt then &
soe often ye Governr or Comandr in Chief for ye tyme being in this
Country, shall & may by writeing under his Hand & Seale, Nominate &
appointe
some Learned &
Meet Person to supply ye sd Place.
13.
Pray yt ye Presidt & first Professr of Divinity, bee ex Officio,
of ye Number of ye Governrs.
14.
Pray yt ye sd Governrs & their Successrs may have Power and Authoritie
undr
their
Colledge
Seale,
to
sett
down &
prescribe such OrdrF,
Governemce of ye
sd Colledge, & of all Person,
resideing therein, as to ye sd Governrs &
their Successrs shall seem meet & Convenient,
end yt ye sd Ordrs, Rules,
Rules,
Statutes, &
Ordinances,
for ye Orgl,
Rule, &
�r46
14.
Statutes, &
in
full
Ordinances,
Strength,
soe by them made &
Force, &
Virtue
in Law,
Sett downe,
Provided they bee not repug—
nant to ye Prerogative Royall,. to ye Laws &
this Dominion,
15.
Colledge,
shall bee established
Statutues
of
England,
nor ye Canons and Constitucons of ye Church of England.
Pray yt in case of ye Death of any of ye Governrs of ye sd Schoole &
or ye removeing of his Habitation out of this Country ye
remaining part of them may have power to Nominate their Sucessrs.
16.
to
Pray yt ye sd Governrs & their Successrs
demise &
purchase,
to
sue &
ye Use of ye sd Colledge.
bee
sued,
may have Power & Authority,
to take Guifts & Legacies
Notwithstanding
ye Statute
for
of Nfartmaine,
or
any other Statute whatsoever.
17.
Pray yt ye sd Governrs & their Sucessrs may have Power to Elect a
Chancellr,
who shall
bee elected de Novo.
18.
enjoy yt Honr
seven
Years, &
noe
longer,
You shall endeavr yt ye sd Schoole & Colledge, bee
then by ye sd Governrs & their Successours.
except
hee
under noe other
Visitation,
19.
To prevent
fraudulent
serted in ye sd Charter,
dealings.
You shall endeavr to have itt in—
yt noe Leases shall bee granted to any yt are
Governrs of ye sd Colledge,
or, to any prer: 1sons in their Names,
or
for
their behalfe nor their Successrs.
20.
Haveing obtained ye sd Charter, you shall procure a good Schoole—
Usher &
master,
Importacon &
Writeing Master to bee sent into this Country, for ye
Sal] ary of ye Schoolemastr &
Usher,
you shall
in ye Name
of
ye Assembly, promise according to ye Propositions presented to this Genll
Assembly, to wch we refer you, & to ye Importacon of a fitt Man to teach
Writeing &
21.
Arithmetick you shall offer and for his Yearly Sallary
You shall use yor best endeavrs to obtaine their Matte Lyscence to
aske &
Collect Benevolences towards ye sd Schoole &
as many Subscriptions,
22— The
Moneys,
Guifts &
lodged in such Places &
of London,
Jeoffries,
Colledge, &
to giocure
Guifts and Benevolences thereupon as ycu can.
Subscriptions soe procured shall bee safely
hands as shall bee agreed upon by ye Ld BsE
his Ex.2Z ye Ld Howard of Effingham Govr of Virga At Jeffrie
Mr Micajah Perry, & yorself.
You shall desire &
endeavr yt all accts of ye sd Money bee inspected
by ye Ld Bishops of London, Salisbury & St. Asaph, ye Ld Howard of
23.
Effingham,
Mr Jeoffrie Jeoffryes,
Mr John Cary,
24.
Mr
Fra:
Lee &
Bhr Aica. jah Perry,
Mr Arthur
North,
yorself.
And because itt is impossible soe to provide att this distance yt all
mattrs relateing
fitt, &
hereto bee duely answer' d & prosecuted.
Itt is
thought
you are hereby impowertd in all Cases in wch you are not already
directed by these Instructions,
Judgemt and Discretion,
Country &
to proceed according to ye Best of yor
haveing alwaies regard to ye Constitucon of this
Govermt.
25.
And yt soe good a Worke may not miscarry, nor bee unnecessarily
delayed for want of money to prosecute itt.
FP:
By Order of ye Burgesses
NICHOLSON
rfilhliam
o
Cole
ilner
Sec
Spear.
�15.
William Stevens Perry
HISTORICAL
Vol.
COLLECTIONS
I — VIRGINIA (
Also
ii,
CJames
Nicholson
Blair
RELATING
Hartford:
Colonial ',
Mss .
to Lt.
TO THE AMERICAN
1870),
Gov.
COLONII. L CHURCH
3- 8
pp.
Inc.
illiamsburg,
Francis Nichols.onj
London,
May it please Your Honor,
In my last from Bristol
our landing
news
in Ir eland,
(
I had then
I gave your Honour an account
my pas:. age from thence
1691
Decz• 3rd,
to Bristol,
of our passage,
with
all
the
heard. ...
I shall need only to give your Honour an
When I came
account of my proceedings in the affair of the College.
first
to London,
which was the first day of September,
there
were
many
things concurred to hinder my sudden presenting of the address about
the
College,
present
for Mr Jeoffreys
the address
was
in Wales, &
upon their majesties'
did not
accession
come
to
the
to
Town
crown;
to
the
Bishop of London thought it not so proper to present an address about
business;
then
the King was in Flanders;
was at Salisbury;
the Bishop of St.
my friend the Bishop of Salisbury
Asaph
at his
diocese
in Vales,
and
before Mr Jeoffreys came to Town the Bishop of London was taken very
sick,
so
that
for
a month' s time
he was not able
to
stir
abroad;
upon
all which accounts I found it necessary to delay in the beginning...
I was
introduced
to
Dr
Stillingfleet,
Bishop of Worcester,
one
thought to be as much in favour with the Queen as any Bishop in England. ...
After some discourse with him I found we had already run into one error
seemed
like
to
run
into another.
The first was,
that
all
this
time
we had neglected the Queen, who he assured me would be the best friend
that I could find in a busi ness of this nature, as being a person that
is a very great encourager of all works of charity.
as
I
told
The
other was
that,
him,_
we intended to bring it before the council & committee of
Plantations,
which he assured me,
was the ready way to spoil all. ...
And upon my Address to him [ the Archbishop of Canterbury] I was received
very kindly...
He told me I must have patience for the King at his first
coming would be full of his Parliament business...
He was utterly against
the making of it a council business and
Bishop of London in it, and to chew him
first with the King himself.
Both these
words for the Bishop of Worcester opened
promised me to talk with the
the necessity of manageing it
Bishops were as good as their
the business of the College to
the Queen who seemed to like it extraordinarily,
promised
to assist : in
recommending it to the King, but ordered that the address should not be
presented till the King came himself.
And the Irchbishop took an occasion
to speak to the Bishop of London about it in the presence of the Bishop
of Worcester...
The Archbishop desired leave of the Bishop of London to
manage it with the King...
The ArchbE told me afterwards
that he never
saw the King take anything better than he did the very first proposal
of our college &
that he promised frankly if I could find any thing in that
country which was fit for him to give towards it he would give it. After
which I made it my whole business to wait upon those Bishops & to give
them memorials of my affair.
I have already writ out three quires of paper
in
this
sort
of
work...
After
the heat of the parliament
business
was a
�16.
1
little over the Archbishop got the King himself to name a day for pre—
senting the address.
the
council
sat.
It was Novr Uth,
in
the
Council
chamber,
before
I was introduced by the Archbishop of Canterbury &
my Lord Effingham ( the Bishop of London should have been there but was
I kneeled down &
said
that day taken again with a fit of the stone.)
these
words, "
Please your Majesty here is an humble supplication
from
the Government of Virginia for your majesty' s charter to erect a free
school &
of their youth," & so I delivered it
I am glad that that colony is upon
so good a design & I will. promote it to the best of my power."
The
King gave it to the principal Secretary, my Lord Nottingham, at whose
office,
within
two days,
I had it again...
that the King had ordered me
to give in to the Bishop of London, both a. scheme of the college and an
into
college for the education
their
hand.
He
answered, "
Sir,
account of what was expected of him towards the encouragement of it ...
I persuaded the Bishop of London on Vi'ednesday last to come for half an
hour to his chamber at Whitehall, where I presented & read to him a
memorial I had prepared for his majesty' s use, & the Archbishop & he were
to wait an opportunity to speak to the King about it.
Every one thinks
I fired there
it is in so good a way that it cannot well miscarry ...
will be a great deal of difficulty in finding of able masters & yet I
am sensible
the
life
of
the
business
lies
in this.
In
England
their
masters of their colleges have a much easier life than is designed for
the masters &
professors of our college in Virginia.
I can have several
young men that are fit enough to be ushers but can not perswade any of
the Eminent experienced masters to go over.
I have two in my eye that
are very fit for it if I can prevail with them to undertake it. There is
one thing which was forgot in my instructions, ( end it was my fault for
I was not sensible of the necessity of it at this time),
that is that
I
should. have been ordered to provide a president of the college at the
same
time with
the
schoolmaster &
usher.
I thought
yt at first
a Grammar
school being the only thing we could. go upon, a good Schoolmaster &
Usher were enough to manage that.
But the Bishop of London and some other
Bishops...
have undeceived
me &
persuaded me that the president of the
college ought to be the first mar. of all the masters we provide for it.
Their
reasons are these:
first that the good success of the whole business
depends upon the setting up & executing of a good discipline at first both
which,
among masters & Scholars,
if it be left wholly to the Schoolmaster,
he will be sure to make it easy enough for himself & will contrive to
lead the 6s:hoiars in such a method as will keep them a great deal longer
at school than they needed to be kept,
only for his own advantage.
Most
of the masters here in England keep their scholars seven years at the
Latin which might be as well taught in four if they pleased.
2nd It may so happen yt the school master & usher may want as much to be
instructed themselves as any of the scholars.
�17.
PUBLIC
RECORD
Photostat,
OFFICE,
Colonial
London.
5/ 1306
C. O.
Williamsburg]
A Memorill concerning a Colledg in Virginia
The Genll assembly
of Virginia
for ye Education
of their Youth &
constant Supply of their Ministry beg leave of his Maty to Erect a
free
Schoole &
Colledge at a Certain place they have nam' d on York
River near ye Center of their Countrey.
They beg yt this Colledg may
have ye honor to be calla by their bats Names the Colledg of King Wil1m &
Queen Lary.
They propose yt this Colledge, shall consist of three
Schoolsvizt a Grammar School for teaching the Latin & Greek tongues,
A Philosophy School for Phylosophy & Mathamaticks &
a Divinity School
for ye Orientall tongues & div. n.ity, in each of these Schoole they intend to have two able Masters or Professors & to afford ym good Sala.ry' s,
they intend yt one of their divinity professors shall likewise be president of the Colledge,
they desire yt ye constat Governmt of this Colledg
may be Committed to 20 p[ er3sons, Vizt the Presidt & the other professor
of Divinity & 18 yt they have nam' d of ye Gentry & Clergy of ye Countrey,
Vizt ye Lt Govr, four of ye Councill four of ye Clergy & Nine of ye
other Gentry, & upon ye death of any of their Number or his leaving of
ye Country, they desire yt ye rest may have power to choose a Successr,
they desire yt these 20 pcerjsons if they be resident at yt time in ye
Country may be all duly Sumon' d & 13 at least of ye Number may be ye
constant
Senate,
who
shall
have power
to
choose
from among
themselves
yearly a Rector by ye Major Vote of yt Number & to manage ye Revenues &
of presenting to all ye Vacant places of ye sd Colledge & of Governing
ye Same by such Laws & Statutes from time to time as they shall think
fitt Provided these Statutes be not contrary to the Laws of England...
Towards ye building of this Colledge they have already Subscriptions
for above 2000 li in Virginia & they doubt not but yt they shall have
free gifts enough in Engld & Virga to defray yt Whole charge of ye
building & for ye yearly paymt of ye Masters Salarys & maintaining other
Necessary Servts & Officers ( wch will require abt 1000 li Pcer3 an)
after they have seen wht His Ma,tZ will be graciously pleas' d to contribute,
ye Governmt has declar' d their intentions to make up wt is wanting out
of an Imposition they have laid upon all Liquors imported into ye Colony
besides otherways
they may finde out for yt purpose.
That wch they now desire of his Maw is yt he would be pleas' d to
grant ym his R.oyll Charter for Erecting & Endowing such a Colledge & yt
the sd Charter may contain as ample priviledges as are usuall to be
granted
to the best constituted
Seminarys
of this kinde.
This. is the Sun of my Instructions from ye Generll Assembly concerning the Colledge as ye sd Instructions ( a Copy whereof I am ready to
Exhibit)
do more largely bear & Express.
Tho ye Generll Assembly relys much on His Maty' s assistance for ye
Erecting & Endowing
of this
Free
Schoole &
Colledge,
yet they thought
it not so decent for them to prescribe or limit ye p[ erjticular way &
means whereby His Matj might contribute to so good a. Mork, Only ye Lieut
Govr desired me to propose some things yt might be found in yt Country
wch turn
to little
or no Aect
to his Majesty,
and are not yet disposed
of to any other use in the Governmt, and therefore might afford the most
proper Matter for the Royall bounty upon this Occasion and they are these.
�18.
There
1st.
of that
is in bank
about
2000
li which
is risen
from
the
Quitrents
and
which is not yet appropriated to any Use,
Country,
both
King Charles and King James by their Letters have promised the Country,
and
that the Quit —
Rents shall be employed for the Countrys Service,
no
other
use
whatsoever,
soe
that
no
doubt
very Gracious Act, if the King should
part of it to the Colledge.
it, would
give
this
Sume
be
lookt
upon
for
as
a
or the greatest
There is a peny per pound laid by Act of parliament upon all Tobacco
2d.
Exported out of Virginia and TJla.ryland to any part of the world except
This
Europe.
the
Imposition
Collectors
turns
of it are allowed
their Acrts his one quarter,
Majesty is
to
so
loaded with
little
or no Acet
one half,
the
to their
Comptroler
Majts
who
for
revises
and the fourth quarter wch is for their
charges
Sloops
of Boats &
Man
and
horse
made
If
use of in the Collecting of it, that it is almost all eaten up.
His Majesty would order this Imposition to be paid to the Colledge,
they would take care to have the Act duly executed to the great benefit
of
England &
out
of
this
Custome
in
Virginia &
Maryland they might raise
a Revenue of 4 or 500 li a Year.
3.
There is a great Tract of Land on the south side of the black —
crater
Swamp & another between the fforke of York River called Pamunky Neck,
which is yet to be taken up, which tho it is worth nothing at present,
It would be thankfully Accepted
yet may hereafter turn to some Accompt.
if his Majesty would Order 10, 000 Acres in each of these Tracts to be
given
for the use of the
Colledge
especially
if they
should
have
it,
paying onely a Couple of Copies of Verses.
is4.
The Office of Surveyr Generall
of Virginia who appoints
the
inferior
Surveyors in each County and has some part of their profit is now void,
at least the Lt Gov-r tells mee he has not yet seen any Comission for it,
this place if it were bestowed upon the Colledge, would bring in about
100 li. a Year,
and would furnish the Colledge
with ap Excellent
oppertunity
of Advancing her own Students of Math_ematicks to Surveyrs places,
which would give the Colledge a Considerable Interest in the Country &
would draw many Students upon this very Account.
5.
Such Escheated Lands and Estates as are not already ordered by Law,
were
of
6.
they ordered
her
Colledge,
would
make
a
Considerable
Students
that
of
Lastly
her
she might have
own
it .in her Oven pourer
to advance
Endorg@d]
it, is humbly desired
Memorll
deserving
breed.
that besides
the Charter
his Majesty
from every
will grant his lycence to ask and Collect gifts & benevolences
One that is willing to bestow any thing on so good a Fork.
Concerning
a, Colledge
Reced from the Seery
0
increase
His Majesty might bestow upon the Colledge the Patronage of some
Churches,
7.
to the
Revenue.
the
llth
in Virginia
Deer
1691.
�19.
William Stevens Perry
HISTORICAL
Vol.
I -
kLSO
in
COLLECTION RELATING
VIRGINIA (
iVicholson
Mss.
games Blair to Lt.
TO THE AMERICAN
8- 9
Uolonial Williamsburg,
Hartford:
Gov.
1870),
COLONIAL CHURCH
pp.
Inc.
Nicholson]
London,
Feby 27, 1691/ 2
May it please Your Honour,
By the Virginia fleet which put to sea about six weeks ago, I
sent you a whole packet of letters...
Since that time my patience has
been
sufficiently
business
for
exercised,
whatsoever),
has
been
our
at
a
college
stand,
business(
as
indeed
all
the King being so wholly
There was another reason too
taken up with the thoughts of the war...
why my business was delayed & yt was that my Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, who is the person I depend upon for managing of it with the King &
Queen,
was for five weeks frozen up at Lambeth so that he could neither
get to Court nor Parliament...
happened
two
accidents
But to make up this loss of time there
in' it,
by which I believe I shall get £
500
to
fr Boyle died about the beginning of the last month &
I
left a considerable Legacy for pious uses, which, when I understood,
made my interest with his executors by means of the Bishop of Salisbury,
our
college...
and I am promised £ 200 of it for our. college.
The other is yt Davis &
his partners having been long kept in suspense about that money which
Captain Roe siezed in Virginia, & their friends being quite tired
interceeding
for them & no money was like to come at lust,
I undertook
to get them their money provided they would give a considerable share
of it to our Virginia College.
They engaged to give 300 pound & I
presently employed the Archbishop of Canterbury & Bishop of London who
have so managed it with the council that the council is very glad of
the
expedient &
I am
assured
it
will
take
effect.
This day their
petition
was read before a committee for plantations & I subscribed it signifying that the petitioners had devoted £ 300 of the money towards the
carrying on the design of a college in Virginia if they might have an
order for the rest,
and the thing would
they offered too little money;
them
BLAIR
JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES
MUNDAY
APRILL
Ordered
Waite
upon
Assygne
Shall
P
thought
up to £ 500. ...
JAMES
the
have past but yt the Lords
so I am desired to try if I can bring
be
the 25th 1692
That
Mr
the ...
Councill
Harrison,
Lt
to
conferre
appointed ...
business
Governr
committed
F-p.
Mr
1659- 1693
402: 3
Leigh &
forthwith ...
with
Such
Mr Church - hill & Mr
to desire
of the Members
Thruston
his honr to
of this house
as
aboute an answer to Mr Jeffries Letter and aboute
to
Mr
Blaire
�20.
Thursday
Aprill
the 28th 1692.
cp.
4061
Resolved that the Sum of 100 1 Sterl be put into the hands of
Mr Gowen Corbyn mercht of London to be paid to Mr James Blaire as he
shall have Occasion to dispose of the Same for the manageing of the
affair of the ffree Schoole & Colledge
committed
to him the Last Session.
Friday Aprill the 29th 1692 Ep. 406,
The Resolve
of the House
Gowen
for 100 lb to be put into Mr.
Corbyns hands to be paid to Mr Blaire as he shall have Occasion to
dispose of ye Same — returned from the Councill assented to.
Post
A Lettr
Ordered
Meridiem
to r4r James
to be fairly
Bla_
yre
returned
from
the
Councill
agreed
to &
Transcribed.
Then these Severall Letters Viz: a Letter to his grace the Archbishop of Canterbury a lettr to the Ld Bishop of London, & a letter to
the Lord Bishop of Worcester being letters of thanks for each of their
Lordshipps
Colledge...
PUBLIC
Assistance
RECORD
to Mr Blaire,
OFFICE,
in promoteing
the business
of the
C. 0. 5/ 130,6
London.
rTyped copy William and Mary Archives from Sainsbury Transcripts
in Virginia
State
Library]
A Memoriall concerning 2000£ raised out of the Quitt
Rents now begg' d for ye Colledge
Observations.
farth-
The Quitt- Rents of Virginia since ye first
of that Colony, have never turned to any
Accot neither to the goverement of Virginia nor
has
to the Crown of Engld,
It is very easy to demonstrate
that
not
one
ing of this Revenue
been diverted
from the use
of the Government
ginia,
ever
since
settling
but have
been
unproffit-
ably diverted from any Publick use, first by
private Grants to the Lords Arlington & Culpeper,
and afterwards promised indeed both by King
Charles &
King James to ye Countrey of Virginia,
of Virit
of Virginia.
was
repurchased by the Crown
from my Lord Culpeper ...
but for what reasons
I know not,
it
seems
otherwise
Employed.
use,
This fund of Money lying ready in the Countrey appropriated to no
only in Generall promised for the Countries Exigencies, is humbly con-
ceived
to be as proper & Convenient a Sum as can well be devised for
their Majesties
to grant towards
free School and Colledge,
the Erecting
Especially
since
of this good foundation
it is aclulowledged,
is no other Exigency of the Countrey as yet foreseen,
upon
Employed,
that if the Countrey
should want Money for fortifications
of
the
Governmt (
the Colledge)
the
Govr
Treasurer
here
in
would
England.
the
of a
there
said
but against this an Objection is suggested,
Money can be so well
Exigencies
wch
that
in
case
have
this £ 2000
this
recourse
or any other
should be disposed of,
to
their
Majts
to
�21.
rObservations2
The
Lieut
cill
have
Governr &
ye Poverty
tants,
is
that
been built in the Ccuntrey, and whatsoever
the Charge has amounted to of Maintaining
of the Inhabisuch,
any Attempt
that
should
be made upon
Garrisons
the
the Charge it
Countrey,
would
It were a Sufficient Answer to this
Objection to Sheer that what ever Forts have
Coun-
represented,
bring,
in
them,
has
been
still
defrayed
by a Publick Levy upon the People,
never been
would be very
backyard
when
who
the Governor
have
thought
near the Ruin of Many of
them,
and if shipping should
fitt to call a Generll Assembly,
fail
Money for ye defence of their Country,
they were far lees Numerous...
to
come
thither
off. their Tobacco,
to
take
there
but
have
from time to time raised Sufficient Sums of
will
when
not be one penny to defray
the
charges
ment,
out
of the
Govern-
unless the same is paid
of the
Quit
Their
Rents.
Lords
may easily be inform' d of yg dayly necessities of
the Governnt for ye supplying of which, it is not always proper or
reasonable,
to Gall an Assembly, nor are they always in Humor to grant
what
of
is
desired
Purr,
them...
And
it
is
no
less
Strange,
that
there neither is nor may be as it is alledged,
foreseen,
ID
of
to require
the use
of this fund for the
in
this
time
any Exigency
Support
of the
Governmt,
The Lords of ye Councill will Judge otherwise, and that this Exigency
and more pressing than the Erecting of a Colledge,
wch the Assembly of Virginia can easily provide for.
is very near at hand,
CFhdorsed3
Memorll
concerning
2000E
raised
now begg' d for ye Colledge of Virginia Virginia., ?--
PUBLIC
RECORD
Photostat,
OFFICE,
abt July,
London.
out of the Quitt
With
Rents
Observations.
1692 yin pencil]
5/ 1306
C. O.
Colonial WilliamsburgD
OBSERVATIONS:
MAY
WE have
IT
PLEASE
considered
YOUR
the
MAJTY:
two Memorialls
here-
It is humbly proposed
that this good design may
be carryd on by some New
unto
fonds or Means that do not
mentioning
prejudice the Government,
and that especially in this
time of Warr it may not be
desirable by alienating the
Rights belonging to your Majty in that Countrey,
Revenue
it.
The other relating
which
is to
support
annexed,
and a Colledge
rhich, (
to be erected
sevll
as was
Branches
alledged)
in Virginia,
of the Revenue
might
afford
the
and
or
most
proper matter for your Royll bounty upon this
occasion;
Sallaries
to an Augmentation
or maintenance
the Colony
information
0
The one proposing a Free School
of the
of the Ministrs
in
and having for our better
referred ye said Memorialls first
aforesaid,
�22.
14D
to William Bla.thwayt Esq e Surveyr Genll
and Auditr of all your Majtys Plantatians in
and since to the Comniysrs of your
America,
Majtys
We have received from them
Customes;
severally the Reports hereunto annexed wherein the Nature of ye Respective Branches of
the
Revenue,
more
or
other
particularly
things
stated
desired,
are
and represented...
cObservations3
This Summe
is perhaps the
onely ready Cash, in all ye
Plantations
which happens
to be so by good Husbandry,
and
is
a
Stock
for
ing any emergency
happen
in
answer-
that may
Virginia.
by a descent
or invasion
either
of the French
of the
Indians
The Summe of 1985 lb 14s lOd- mentioned
I. •
in
Mr
out
Blathwayts
of the
Report
to
and
Quit - Rents,
have
to
been
raised
remain
in
Cash,
But in the Reference
on the 91h June 1691.
that
to this Article, We must humbly observe,
your Majty att this time pays Six hundred
pounds sg Ann: upon the Esta, blishmts of the
Forces in Engld to ye Executrs of the Lord
Culpeper for the Remainder of a Teeme,
where-
which are dayly feared,
in about Eleven years and a. half are yet to
besides
come,
The
it is well known
Governmt
of
in
compensation
which
Quit - Rents,
Virginia
for a Grant of the
the
said
Lord
said
Culpeper
surrendered
to the Crown in the year 1684,
condition of their
Magazines,
and of their
and
the
plattforms near the Sea...
o that if the Money That
Money shall be wanting for Fortifications,
any other Exigencies of the Governmt in Vir-
may be most easily and
properly disposed of for
ginia not now foreseen, the Governr would have
recourse for the same to your Majtys Treasure
have
lately
represented
the
ill
that
Service
be
applyed
that
applyed
to
if
to
the
said
use
1985
lb 1- 4:
in
desired,
10
shall
case
a
be
summ
of
or
in
England.
the building of a Colledge,
and
the
support
Governmt
of
the
neglected,
It may
ruin that Colony...
This is left to the
judgement
of the
Commrs
3.
The neat produce which shall arise in England,
by selling
here ( in the manner
Commissionrs
of the Customs...
of the Customes
the Tobacco which
shall be collected
for or in lieu
ginia and Maryland,
There is nothing to
object why this may not be
granted, no profitt arising
thereby to ye King.
the
other
by ye
Report)
in Vir-
of the penny
upon Tobacco exported thence,
Prer:1 pound ...
to
proposed
in their
Plantations
4.
The
Lands
and
the
Ps.munckee
on
the
south
Neck
to
side
the
of
Blackwater,
amount
of
10000
Acres in each Tract to be holden in free and
Common
Soceage,
and by the Services
of
rendrir_ yearly to the Governmt two Copies of
g
Latine
This would be of the worst
consequence
selling
place,
allow
or disposall
on
properties
isdepend.
to
which
all
the
of this
the
of Virginia
Verses.
Office of Surveyr Genll in Virginia to
5.
be in the disposall
of the Colledge whensoever
that office shall become voyd.
The
�23.
6.
All
Escheats
which
shall
happen
in
the
It
is
said Colony...
Treasury Chambers
15th July 1692 ...
Godolphin
F.
Hampden
C.
Montague
THE GENTLEMAN that solicites knows very well,
Colledge
is designed
for the Good
of the Inhabitants
that
as
this
of Virginia,
in their power when they meet in a Generall Assembly which is once or
twice
a Year,
to make what Levies or raise what Money they please for
so pious an Use, and for. the Augmentation of Ministers Salary without
encroaching on the Kings Revenue the loss of which would bring the
Governmt
under
the
discretion
then made for an equivalent,
if by such alienations,
of
the
People,
to
whom
application
must
which would not be so easily obtained,
severall Colonies became a charge to ye
The
be
and
Crown It will be very difficult for the King to supply their wants from
the Treasury of England.
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE,
C. O.
London.
5/ 1358
ETyped copy William and Mary Archives from Sainsbury Transcripts,
Virginia State Library
Virginia.
At the Court at Whitehall
the 28th July 1692
By the Lords of their Matys most Honoble
Privy Councill.
Upon reading the Peticon of James Blair Clerk touching a Grant for
Erecting a free School and Colledge in Virginia and for Settling to the
said Colledge &
Clergy Severall Branches of the Revenue there not already
Appropriated to any other use in that Colony, And whereas A Report from the
Rt Honoble the Lords Commissionrs of Their Ma. s Treasury and other
Papers relating
thereunto were also read and Considered
It is this day
Attorney
Ordered in Councill that A Copy of the sd Report be sent to M
Generll
who
is
to
Consider
the
same,
And
to
Report
Whether
Escheats
can be granted before they Actually Accrue.
John
A' icholas.
IBID.
Virginia
At
the
the
Court
first
of
of
Whitehall
September
1692
Present
The Queens Most Excellt Matt
in
Councill,
A Report from the Right Honoble the Lords Comrs of the Treasury
�24.
having been . read at the Board in the words following:
Vide ye Report --May it please your Maty
We have
proposing
considered
the
two ffiemorlls hereunto
in Virginia & c,
Annexed
the one
a free School & Colledge
Her Maty in Councill is this day graciously pleased to Approve
Except the last Clause thereof Concerning Escheats, And to
Order as it is hereby Ordered, That the Sum of £ 1985: 18: 10 mencon' d
in the first Clause of the said Report be Apply' d towards the building
of A free School &
Colledg and to no other uses whatsoever.
And that the neat Surplusage of ye suit rents menconed in
the Second Clause thereof, After the Lieut Governr is paid £ 300 P Ann
which will Amount to About 500 li P Ann be granted and Appointed for
three Years next Ensuing for the Maintenance of the Ministers the same
the
Same,
to be divided and 4pporconed as followeth...
And that the neat produce which shall arise in England by
Selling here the Tobacco which shall be Collected in Virginia and Maryland for or in Lieu of the peny P li Imposed
Tobacco
Exported
Part
the
of
Virginia.
or
thence
Forfeitures
Maryland
to
the
other
which
upon
shall
the
said
be
Act
Sued
or
2d
by an Act 25 Car.
with
Plantations,
for
the
and
Acts
Their
Recovered
of
Trade
upon
Me-_
ts
in
and
Navigacon.
And the Lands on the South side of Blackwater and the Pa.rmunkee Neck
And the Office of Surveyor Generll now void, or when it shall become
4th & 5th Clauses of the said Report, be Granted
ever towards the Maintenance of the said Free School and Colledge
void menconed in the 3d
for
According
from time
to the said Report, Provided
to time as shall be Approved
they Appoint such under Surveyors
and the
of by the Governr...
Councill of that Colony.
And the Lords Commissionrs of the Treasury are to Issue all
necessary Orders
Accordingly.
Henry Hartwell,
and directions
James Blair,
and
THE PRESENT STATE OF VIRGINIA,
H.
D.
Farish,
ed. (
for the Effectual
Edward
AND
Williamsburg:
THE
1940),
doing thereof
Chilton
COLLEGE
pp.
72- 94
CHARTER granted by, King William and Queen Mary
for the founding of William and Mary College in Virginia.*
WIILLIAM
and Ireland,
AND
MARY,
by the Grace of God, of England,
King and Queen, Defenders of the Faith, & c.
Scotland,
To
Forasmuch
all
France,
to
whom
as our vvell-
these Our present Letters shall come, greeting.
beloved and trusty Subjects, constituting the General Assembly of our
have had it in their Minds, and have proposed to
Colony of Virginia,
or
complete
c
ar
er
see
the
source
cited.
The
College
of William
Mary has a. copy of the charter which was printed by William Parks (
of Williamsburg)
in 1736.
The original
manuscript
charter
which
brought back from England disappeared in the nineteenth century.
and
printer
Blair
�25.
to
to the
themselves,
end that
the Church
of Virginia
may be furnish' d
with a Seminary of Ministers of the Gospel, and that the Youth may be
piously educated in good Letters and Manners, and that the Christian
Faith may be propagated amongst the 7,,estern Indians, to the Glory of
Almighty God, to make, found, and establish a certain Place of universal
Study, or perpetual College of Divinity, Philosophy, Languages and other
consisting
good Arts and Sciences,
six
of one President,
Masters
ex Pro-
and an hundred Scholars, more or less, according to the Ability
encreased,
to be made,
of the said College, and the Statutes
of the same,
fessors,
by certain Trustees nominated
and elected by the General Assembly aforesaid; to xvit, our trusty and
diminished,
or
well - beloved
of
Virginia
John
Leare,
changed
Francis
and
upon
Place,
our Lieutenant Governor in our Colonies
Nicholson,
Maryland,
Esqs;
the
James
William
William Cole, Ralph Worml ,
fold, Stephen Fauce,
Blair, John Farni_
and
Byrl,
and
Christopher
Robinson,
Charles
ScarThomas Milner,
Samuel Gray, Clerks,
John Smith, Benjamin Harrison,
Myles Cary, Henry Hartwell.
and Matthew Page, Gentlemen, or the major Part of them,
William Randolph,
borough,
or
of
the
longest
elsewhere,
Livers
of
upon the South -Side of York River,
them,
or
where the General Assembly itself shall think more convenient,
to be supported
within our Colony of Virginia,
Time coming,. And forasmuch as our well - beloved
and
maintained
and trusty
in
all
the General
Assembly of our Colony of Virginia aforesaid, has humbly supplicated us,
by our well -beloved in Christ, James Blair, Clerk, their Agent duly
constituted,
That we would be pleased not only to grant our Royal Licence
to the
said Francis Nicholson,
William
Cole, &
c.
to
make,
found,
erect,
and establish the said College,
but also to extend our Bounty and Beneficence towards the Erection and Foundation of the same, in such Way and
Manner as to us shall
seem most expedient:
We.,
taking
the Premises
seriously into our Consideration, and earnestly desiring that, as far as
in us lies,
true Philosophy, and other good and liberal Arts and Sciences
may be promoted, and that the orthodox Christian Faith may be propagated...
granted and given Leave... to the said Francis Nicholson, William Cole,
Languages,
and other
for promoting the Studies of true Rdlosophy,
and for propagating the pure Gospel of Christ...
good Arts and. Bciences,
may have Power to erect, found and establish a certain Place of universal
Languages,
and
Study, or perpetual College, for Divinity, Philosophy,
six Masters,
other good Arts and Sciences,
consisting of one President,
have
c. ...
or
Professors,
Graduats,...
be made,
an
And
to
hundred
Scholars,
more
or
less,
Graduats
and
Non -
according to the Orders and Statutes of the said College,
appointed
II.
Leave —
and
the
and
further,
said
establish'
s
upon
of our Special
Francis
Nicholson,
the
to
Place ...
Grace ... we have granted and given
William Cole, & c. that they...
may be enabled to take, hold, and enjoy, and that they may be Persons
apt and capable in Law for taking, holding, and enjoying all Mannors,
Lands,
Tenements,
sions,
and Advowsons
Services, Rectories,
Portions,
Annuities,
Penof Churches, with all other Inheritances,
Franchises
and Possessions
whatsoever,
as well Spiritual as Temporal, to the Value
of Two Thousand Pounds a Year, and all other Goods,
Chattels,
Monies,
and Personal Estate whatsoever,
of the Gift of any Person whatsoever,
Rents,
that is willing to bestow them for this Use,
or any other
Gifts,
Grants,
�26.
Legacies or Appointments
Assignments,
of the
same ...
but
with
this
ex—
press Intention, and upon the special Trust we put in them,
that they...
shall
same,
of
take
the
and
hold
the
Premises,
Revenues,
Rents,
or
and
Profits
shall
dispose
thereof,
of
the
and
or of any of them,
only
for defraying the Charges that shall be laid out in erecting and fitting
the Edifices
Books,
and
to the
most
of the
other
said intended College,
convenient
said College,
and
And upon
established.
soon as the said College
erected
and
shall,
shall,
the
founded,
said
or
their
shall
think
this
Trust and
Intention,
that
according to our Royal Intent,
Francis
William
Nicholson,
so
be
Cole &
c.
by good and sufficient Deeds and Assurances in Law,
grant,, and make over to the
President and Masters,
Tenements,
Lands,
the said Manors,
Annuities,
Pensions,
and Advowsons
Successors,
Rectories,
or the major Part of them,
as they,
until the said College shall be actually erected,
expedient,
founded,
and furnishing them with
with all other Charge pertaining
Utensils,
Portions,
said
or
give,
Professors,
Rents,
Services,
of Churches,
Goods
Chattels,
Possessions,
with all the other Inheritances, Franchises,
or as much thereof
as has not been laid
and Personal Estate aforesaid,
out and bestowed
Uses
III.
And
has
as
Person
a. fit
Presents
make,
the building
of the
or
said College,
to
the
other
d.
seeing
Virginia
Is
upon
above—
mention'
named,
the
said General
elected
to
be
create,
or
Assembly
appointed
the
of our Colony
said
James
President
of the Said College,
and establish the said James
of
Blair,
Clerk,
do by these
we ...
Blair first
Presi—
dent of the said College during his natural Life.
IV.
And further,
we grant our special Licence to the said Francis
Nicholson,
William
have
to
the
Power
Places
V.
and
we
further,
made, founded,
ever,
President
c.
and their Successors...
nominate
of the Masters
And
erected,
for
Cole, &
elect
or Professors of the
That when the
and
established,
or Professors,
and Masters,
in
and incorporate,
President
in Virginia,
VII.
their
As
they
also,
Successors,
And
or
shall
Deed
of the
and
Professors,
have
of
perpetual
further,
Cause and Business
we
will,
they
be
called
and
said College,
Name,
that the said President
shall have one Common
use of it in whatsoever
IX.•
shall
The College of William and Mary in Virginia;
and Masters,
the
and
it
That
shall
and able Persons into
said College...
said College shall be so
fit,
apt,
will...
Body Politick
Mary
other
and
denominated
that
the
shall
be
a
and that by the Name of
the College
of William
and
Succession...
and Masters,
or Professors,
Seal, which they may make
belonging
to them...
and by these Presents do declare,
nominate,
ordain and appoint the said Francis Nicholson, William Cole, & c. and
their Successors,
to be the true,
sole and undoubted Visitors and Governors
of the said College for ever; ... as also full and absolute Liberty,
Power and Authority, for making,
and
so many Rules,
and wholesome
Nicholson,
fit
and
Laws,
Government
William
expedient...
Cole, &
Statutes,
enacting,
framing and establishing
Orders and Injunctions,
for the
such
good
of the said College, as to them the said Francis
and their Successors, shall... seem most
c.
�27.
And
X.
further,
we
will,
and by these Presents ... do grant... that
they and their Successors shall for ever be Eighteen Nien, or any other
and that
Number not exceeding the Number of Twenty in the whole, ...
they shall have one discreet and fit Person, that shall be elected
and nominated out of their Number...
Rector
of
the
sa.id
College;
and
that
we
shall
have
be,
ano
appointed
and
shall
be
calla
confirmed,
and
by these Presents do appoint and confirm the said James Blair to be
the present Rector of the College, to be continued in the said Office
for one Year next ensuing the Foundation of the said College, and theretill
after,
shall
XI.
and
some other of the Visitors and Governors
And
Successors
shall
be
We
further,
will,
and by these Presents, for Us, our Heirs
do grant and confirm to the said President and Masters,
Successors,
Professors,
called
have
one
eminent
Chancellor
of
and
the
discreet
said
Person, ...
College:
Henry,
of
said
College,
and
next ensuing,
to
be
continued
thereafter
till
College shall be duly elected...
the
nate
said
some
College ...
other
to
the
said
venient
and
We will
President
founded
Place
and
or
and
discreet
Part
of
by these
Masters...
established,
Council.
Time
Father
first
for
and
Years
said
Governors
cause
to
and
in God,
Chancellor
seven
of the
Visitors
from
That
after
within
the
and Governors
them ...
And that the Charge
and ...
Presents,
as often as they
may convocate and hold a certain Court
Chamber,
consisting of the Said Rector
and in the said Convocation may treat,
Orders and
decree concerning Statutes,
XIV.
Office
Chancellor
and
Person
be,
Time
and
to
nomi-
be
the
do grant and confirm
said
College
is
they may retain and appoint some con-
Chamber
Rector and other Visitors
major
to be the
said
other
Rector
the Reverend
shall and may have Power to elect,
eminent
Further,
erected,
some
the
the
shall
for the Space of seven Years then next ensuing...
Chancellor...
XII.
in
who
And We have appointed
our well - beloved and right trusty
by divine Permission,
Bishop of London,
the
said
College;
and
of the said College,
that
or
the
the
shall thin:L good and see Cause,
or Convocation within the said
and Visitors and Governors...
confer,
consult,
Injunctions
and Expence
advise
and
for the said College.
of erecting,
found-
building,
ing and furnishing the said College at present, and also of supporting
and maintaining the said President and Masters or Professors for the
future,
may be sustained and defrayed, of Our more ample and bounteous
special Grace ... We have given, granted,
assigned and made over ... to
the
said
Assigns
Francis
for
and eighty
Nicholson,
ever,
William
Cole, &
the whole and entire
five Pounds,
Fourteen
c.
and.
their
Executors
and
Sum of One thousand nine hundred
Shillings
and
Ten
Pence,
of good and
lawful Money of England, that has been received and raised out of the
Quit -Rents of the said Colony, now remaining in the Hands of William Bird,
Esq;
Our
Auditor,
or
Use within the said
in
whatsoever
Colony:
And
other
Hands
the
same
now
therefore,
is,
for Our
We command and firmly enjoin
the
said
Auditor ...
to
the
to pay, or cause to be paid the said Sum...
said Francis Nicholson,
William
Cole, & c. ...
to be laid out and a,? plied
about and towards the building, erecting and furnishing of the said
College,
L
1
and
or
of the said College and their Successors that they and their
shall
confirmed...
of
of the said College
be duly elected,...
to
no
other
Use,
Intent
or
Purpose
whatsoever.
and
�28.
XV.
Seeing also,
by a certain Act of Parliazient made in the Twenty-
fifth Year of the Reign of our Royal Uncle Charles the Second of Blessed
Intituled,
Memory,
Eastland
it
was
Trades,
An Act for
and for
the Ehcouragement
better
securing,
the
of the Greenland
Plantation
and
Trade,
Enacted,
That after the First Day of September... 1673, if any
should come
Ship which by Law might trade in any of the Plantations,
to any of them to load and take on board Tobacco, or any other of the
Commodities there enumerated,
and if Bond were not figst given, with
one sufficient Surety, to carry the said Tobacco to England, Pales of
the Town of Berwick upon Twede,
and to no other Place,
and
thereto
unlor, d and put the
sane on Shore ( the Dangers of the Sea only excepted)
in such cases there should be paid to our said Uncle, and his Heirs
and Successors,
one Penny for every Pound of Tobacco so loaded and
to
put on board,
to
such
be
Officers
Plantations ...
certain
other
of Our more
as
and paid in such
should
bounteous
be
Places,
appointed
Grace,
have given and granted, and
to the said Francis Nicholson,
Trustees ...
of Tobacco
collected
Collectors
We.
Knorledge,
do give and grant
the
levied,
and
the
and
respective
Motion.,
Us
and
and
meer
for
in
Successors,
William
our
Cole,
and
the said Revenue of one Penny for every Pound
in Virginia or Ylaryl,;nd in America,
or
either
of
them,
that
but with this express
Intention,
shall be so loaded and put on board ...
end upon the special Trust end Confidence we place in the said Francis
Gilliam
Nicholson,
and
they,
the
Cole,
longest
and
the
Livers
of
rest
of
the
foresail
Trustees,
and their Heirs,
them,
shall
that
take,
hold and possess the said Revenue of a Penny a Pound for every Pound
of Tobacco. aforesaid...
to apply and lay out the
same,
for building
and furnishing of the Edifice, end other Necessaries for the said College,
till the said College shall be actually erected, founded and established;
and
with
shall
this
be
sufficient
Masters,
with
all
its
or so much thereof
aforesaid
Uses...
the
XVI.
ledge,
Intention, ...
founded,'
that
according
and Assurances
and
Revenue,
tioned,
for
Deeds
President
whole
and
so
soon
to our
as
or
in Law,
grant
give,
the
Royal
and the longest Livers or Liver of them...
Trustees,
the
express
erected
said
College
the
Purpose,
said
shall,
by good and
and make over to
of the said College,
this
Issues and Emoluments before men-
Professors,
Profits,
as
shall
And also of our special
not
have
Grace,
been
meer
expended
Motion
and
and
laid
certain
out
Know-
and granted,
and by these Presents, for - us, our
Heirs and Successors,
Pulliam
do give and grant to Francis Nicholson,
and the rest of the said Trustees... the Office of Surveyor General of
we have
given
Cole,
our said Colony of Virginia....
XVII.
said
And
Francis
mention',
d,
also,...
r. have
e
given,
Nicholson,
William
Cole,
ten
thousand
Acres
granted and confirmed...
and
of Land,
tc
the rest of the Trustees
not yet legally
occupied
the
above-
or
possessed by any of our other Subjects, lying and being on the South
Side of the Black - dater Swamp; and also other ten thousand Acres of Land...
lying and be n
Neck of Land commonly ca]_ltd Pamunkey Neck,
between
Acres
the
Forks,
or Branches,
of
York
of Land we will have to be laid
above - mentioned,
at the Choice of the
River:
Which
twenty
thousand
out and measured in the Places
said Francis Nicholson,
William
Cole,
�29•
C
and the rest of the forementioned
Trustees...
with this Intention,...
that...
so soon
founded and established, [ they3 shall
te
be
had
and
held ...
but
as the said College shall be actually
give,
grant,
lett,
and make over
the said twenty thousand Acres of Land to the said President and Masters
or Professors of the said College, to be had and held by them and their
Successors
for ever,
and our Successors,
Rents,
paying to us
two Copies of Latin Verses yearly, on every Fifth
Customs,
Successors,
by the Laws or Customs
XVIII.
Soccage,
full Discharge,
Services,
to us or our
common
at the House of our Governor or Lieutenant Governor of
Acquittance and Satisfaction of all Quit —
Day of November,
Virginia — in
in free and
by Fealty,
Dues
and
Burdens
vihatsoever,
due
or
to
be
due
for the said twenty thousand Acres of Lgjzd,
of En lFnd or Virginia.
And also ...
do give and grant to the said President
we —
and Masters or Professors of the saie College, full and absolute Power,
Liberty, and Authority to nominate, elect and constitute one discreet and
sblt
Person
of
their
own Number,
or of the
Number
of
the
said
Visitors
Governors,
or lastly, of the better sort of Inhabitants of our
Colony of Virsinia, to be present in the House of Burgesses of the
or
General Assembly of our Colony of ] Lir&inia, and there to act and consent
to such Things as by the common Advice of our said Colony shall (
willing)
XX.
made
In Testimony whereof,
Patent;
February
40
God
happen to be Enacted.
Witness
our
selves
have caused these our Letters to be
the eighth Day of
we
at Westminster,
in the fourth Year of our Reign.
By a Writ of the Privy Seal.
Pigott.
EXECUTIVE
Vol.
JOURNALS
I ( Richmond:
OF THE COUNCIL
1925),
pp.
OF COLONIAL
VIRGINIA
294- 5
Att a Councill held att James Citty Septt lst 1693
Present
His Excelly Governor A.ndros ! d Secr P; ornley
John
Lear
Chr:
Wormley
Edward
Hill
Edmo Jenings
Willic. m
Hen:
Byrd
Hartwell EsU
Mr James Blair this day presented to his Excelly in Councill their
tajts Graciouse Charter for the Erecting & building of a Colledge in
Virgini<<,
Rcb his Excelly caused to be read in Councill.
Itt is Ordered that the said Charter be Entred in the Councill
Booke, &
transmitted to the Secretary' s office to be recorded
Upon reading His Tgaits Letter of the first of March 1692- 3
wherein he bath been graciously pleased,
Nicholson
Esqr Lieut Govr &
severall
to grant lycence
to Francis
other his good Subjects
in this
Colony to Erect and Establish a Colledge or place of Genll Studie, end
having been further pleased out of his Royall Bounty to Grant unto the
said
Francis
Nicholson &
others
named
in
the
said
Charter
the
summ of
Nineteen hundred Eighty five pounds fourteen shillings and ten pence
out of such money received for ye Revenue of Quitt Rents in the
said Colony, as is remaining in ye hands of William Byrd Esqr their Majts
�30.
receiver
any
Genll of their Revenue in the said Colony,
other
person
His
whatsoever,
Majts
to
will &
the
or
pleasure
said
Francis
in
the
hands
therefore
of
is,
Nicholson, &
that his Excelly Cause
to be paid,
others
ye summ of. Eleven hundred thirty five pounds
aforementioned,
fouerteen
of Quitt
shill & ten
rents
pence,
in Virginia,
out of such money ariseing by the Revenue
as is remaining
in the hands
of the receiver
Genll of the Revenue within ye said Colony
Itt is Ordered that a Warrant be drawn for ye summ of Eleven hundred
thirty five pounds fouerteen shill & tenn pence payable to Franciss
Nicholson
Esqr
or
Others
named
in
the
said
Charter®
Upon Reading His Majts Letter of the first of March 1692- 3 Signifying that Wheras by His Royall Charter baring date the 8th day of
feby 1692c/ 33 in the fourth year of ther Majts Reign, for the better
incouragment
Orthodox
of
Arts
Christian
and
Sciences,
Faith,
within
and the propogation
the Colony & Dominion
of the true
of
been Graciously pleased to grant Lycence to Fran Nicholson
Leiut Govr and Severall
others
and Dominion,
good
hath
Esqr Their
build and Establish a Coledge,
in the said Colony
or place of Genl
Study for the Education of youth, and ye supplying their said Dominion wth
a piouse & learned Clergy,
And their Majts having been further pleased
to Erect,
their
Virginia
subjects
out of their Royall bounty to grant unto the said Fran:
others their
good Subjects,
named
in
their
sd
Charter,
Nicholson
and
ye Summ of Nineteen
hundred Eighty five pounds fouerteen shill & ten pence, out of such
money received of their Revenue of quitt Rents in the said Colony &
remaining in the hands of William Byrd... or in the hands of any person
heir Ma.tts Will and pleasure therefore is, that there be
paid unto the said Fran: Nicholson & others aforementioned,
ya summ of
Eight hundred & fifty pounds,
out of such money as is remaining in the
whatso, ver...'!'
hands
of
the
Executrs
and
Administrs
of Nathll
Bacon
Csic- Late Auditor Genf of Virginia deceased wch
Esgre
Appeares
late
due
Govr
from
him
upon Accompt of their. Revenue of Quitt Rents in the said Colony.
Ordred that a Warrant
named,
be drawn payable
to Fran:
Nicholson
and
others
the summ of. Eight hundred and Fifty pounds by the Executrs &ca
of
Nathaniell Bacon Esqr deceased.
IBID.,
P.
301
Octor ye 19th 1693
Present
His Excelly_ ... &
The memoriall & propositions,
c ...
relating
to the Coledge
of William &
Mary in Virginia, being this day presented to His Excelly in Councill,
by the Rector & Governrs of the said Coledge, Is Refertd to the Consideration of the House of Burgesses,
that all due regard may be had to
His Majts
Charter
wch is Entred
in the
Councill
Booke &
recorded in the
Secretary° s Office.
Mr James Blair Exhibiting a petition & some Accompts,
Soliciting the buiseness of a free schole, or Coledge in
sd petition &
Accompts,
about
England,
Refer° d to the house of Burgesses.
his
the
�31.
JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES 1659- 1693
Richmond:
1914)
Pe 459
Friciay
October
ye 20th
1693
A. message from his Excellencie & Councill
by Mr Sherlocke
At Speaker
I am comanded by his Exey & Councill to deliver you these papers
of
which his Exey and the Councill, have referred to the consideraccn
this house,
and the Same being a Memoriall concerning the business of
the Colledge of William and
in Virginia.
a copy of Severall
pro-
posicons heretofore presented to the generall Assembly- relateing there_,
to, and the petiton and account of Mr James_ Blair concerning
that affair
were severally read,
e
o
at
the
table.
e
And the house being informed that Mr James Blair attended at the
with divers more of the Governrs of the Colledge, order was given
door,
for their being called in, where being admitted, Mr Blair addrest himthe house,
self to Mr Steer & acquainted
that being heretofore by
order of the Generall Assembly imployed for the soliciting the business
Colledge at the Court of England he had accordingly
obtained from their Majts an ample Charter for erecting &
endowing the Same which Charter the Governors of the sd Colledge who
accompanied him had brought into yg house, to lay before them, to the
of
a. free
Schoole &
endeavoured &
end it might thereby fully appear to this Generall Assembly what their
Majts
had been
drawn,
graciously
pleased
to grant &
the sd Charter was read before
And they being withgive,
and the Same together
the house,
with the severall papers relateing thereto referred by his Excellencie
Councill
considered
F[TLHMA
typed
to
Consideracon
on Wednesday
PALACE
copy
the
MSS.
of
this
house,
referred
to
be
further
next in the morning.
Notesmade by Miss Mary F.odwin
Go
London. [
from
mss---
Research Dept] A
signature
without
paper harked " A. Design of the College of William & Mary"
or date gives the following: 1.
of the rest of the
For
the education of the youth of the country ( and
Latin, Greek,
writing,
continent, if
they will make use of it) in
Arithmetic,
Philosophy
and Mathematics. 2.
For
a Seminary of the Church of England Divines to favour the Charities this
country and other churches of this Continent. 3.
As
a meansfbr facilitating the
conversion and education of
our
neighbors, and
other
Indians
of evangelizing the race.
of
this
Continent
and
the Indians
subse- quently
�32.
EAccount presented Gov.
with "
Nicholson
Andros and the kssembly by James Blair,
dated
Supplication"
Robinson
Mss. -
October
19,
1693.
Colonial Williamsburg,
Collection -
Inc.;;
A Note of Particulars of Expedition money and
fees
about
the
College
Business
s
from
to
october
October
1st
d
3
6
15
1692 £
6
3
g
To spent at the Rolls in taking Presidts
of Charters
151h
and
Copies
at £ l: l: g------_-
2 Guineas
a-----------
2
-------
from October 15th To paid the Lawyers for advice in drawing the
Charter and their Clerks at times 27 Guines
to January 28.
at £ 1: 1: 10 & 51:
c1693a ...
February
91h ...
To Mr Nichols
who wrote
2 Guineas --
a.
s-
the
Charter
there
m-__«----««------.----
2
To pd for a box for the Charter and a Tinn
8
box for the Seal --------------«--------------
ffeb L 15th .. .
To pd for a Copy of Charter presented to the
Commrs
October
of the
191h
October
ye 25th
1693
1
2
10
James Blair
1693.
JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES
Wednesday
Customs ------
1659- 1693
Cp.
465: 1
Post Meridiem
The house according to ye order of this morning tooke into con-
sideration their Majts most Gracious Charter for erecting ye Colledge
and the Memoriall & proposicons of the
wherein they signify that it is left to this
Assembly to nominate a place on which the sd Colledge is to be erected
and pray their Opinions in the same, & do propose what they think will
be most proper funds for the Support of it.
And thereupon a debate ariseing concerning the method of proceeding
of. William &
Mary
in Virga
GovemX of. the same,
Vizt whether ye place for erecting the Sd Colledge or an addition to
the present fund for ye necessary Support of it should come first under
consideracon,
after some time
spent therein
and inquiry made of Mr Blair
Rector of the Colledge about ye severall contributions towards it,
house agreed to have the question put, which of the two should be
taken under consideracon and the same being accordingly put.
the
first
Resolved yt the place for erecting the sd Colledge be first taken
into
consideracon.
�33•
Then ye house being given to understand from ye Sd Memoriall that
a View had been made by order of ye Governors of the sd Colledge of
certain places wch they had heard mentioned as most proper for the
sd designe, and thinking it expedient yt they should be heard what
they had to offer concerning ye Same
Ordered that notice be given to the Rector
Governors
of the Colledge
of William & Mary
in
and so many of the
Virga
as are
in
Towne
to give their attendance at the house tomorrow morning if they desire
to be heard about the solace for erecting the Sd Colledge.
Thursday- October
the 26th
1693
Cp.
4663
Then according to ye order of Yesterday the house resumed ye adjourned debate about a place for the Colledge & ye Rector & divers
the Governors of the Colledge who attended also according to order,
of
were called into the house where yg Sd Rector having given a short
accot of ye Reasons, why libertie was left to the Assembly in their
Majts Charter to make choice of another place if they thought fit, &
read & presented a Memoriall concerning four places Vizt
Middle planRorke Towne, Yorke old ffields, & Greens_ land in Glocester
tation,
County as proper places for such an use with a narrative of ye Conveinconveniences of each they severally wth drew and the house
niences &
tooke
ye whole matter
therein having spent some
under consideracon, &
time.
Resolved that the Lands of Coll.
Yorke
River the place mentioned
Townsend
on
in the Charter
the
South
Side
of
is not a convenient
place to have the Colledge erected upon.
Then the house entering into the debate of another place a proposicon was made of the Colledge land in Pamunke necke as suitable and
fit
for
the
same &
the Sd place
other four before mentioned
the
being
taken under
consideracon
wth the
after the question was put for each of
Same.
Resolved yt it is the Opinion of the house that Middleplantation
is
the
most
convenient &
fit place
to erect
the Colledge
a byll be prepared for erecting the Same at that place,
Church
as convenience
upon &
as
near
that
the
will permit.*
eFh._ 1
The College of William and Mary was originally built upon a
tract of 330 acres, most of which has been sold off.
Only about thirty
acres
This tract was originally the property of Hon.
Secretary of State from 1660 to 1678, who lived at "
remain.
Ludwell,
on the west
side
of Archer' s Hope Creek.
of the Council,
He
sold the land
Thomas
Rich Neck,"
in March, 1674- 5,
by the deed below, accompanySurveyor -general, Middlesex.
ing it with a plat by Robert Beverley,
to
Hon.
In 1693,
Thomas
Ballard,
Ballard
sold
the
same
tract
to the trustees
of the
college,
and the deed evidencing the sale existed at the college until about
Efootnote continued on next pagea
�ite page 34.
C
11
SURVEY 01 LAND sold by Secretary Thos.
Ludwell
to
Thos.
Ballard,
made by R. Beverley, •
In
The land was purchased for the College of William and Mary in 1693.
upper right- hand corner of survey is written: " And by Col. Ballard sold to ye Col These words are illegible
ledge of Wry & Mry on which ye Colledge now stands, 1755."
Original survey is at the Virginia Historical Society, Richmond.
on this copy.
June,
1678.
�34.
Ordered that ye Clerke of ye house prepare & bring in a byll
accordingly.
Ordered_ that ye Clerke of the house enter in the Assembly bookes
their Majts most Gracious Charter for the erecting of William &
Colledge
in VirZa and with all
convenient
expedition
returne
the
Same
to yf Rector thereof.
Ordered that ye Severall matters contained in the Memoriall of
the Governrs of the Colledge not yet taken under consideracon be
referred to be considered to
Tuesday.
morrow
Note:
morning.
Put
off
until
468. j
See JHB p.
Tuesday October the 31th
1693
cP• 47/y: 1
Post Meridiem ...
Then according to order ye house proceeded in the consideracon
of ye remaining part of ye Memoriall of the Governrs of ye Colledge &
upon
consideracon
of a proposicon
therein
that
contained,
Scholars,
Assembly be passed for exempting the Masters,
workmen to be imployed about the Colledge
spent in debate thereof.
from Levies,
Cont. from p. 33a
cFn.
ten years ago, when it unaccountably disappeared.
paper containing the old survey by Robert Beverley
by Col.
Ballard sold to ye Colledge of Wm &
stands,
In
an
Act
of
Artificers &
sometime
a
corner
being
of
the
And
is written, "
1755."
Ludwell
to
M Z on which ye Colledge now
Ballard
Know all men by these prnts that I Tho:
of
Virga
in Consideracon
for &
in hand paid by Tho:
Ballard
Prets doe, Ba.rgaine & sell
heires &
three
Assigns
hundred &
Esqr
Unto
Ludwell
esgr Secretary
Sterl mee
sould & by these
of one hundred & ten pounds
have
the
Bargained &
said
Tho:
Ballard
esgr &
to
his
forever a Certain peell or tract of Land Conteyning
thirty Acres or thereabouts be the same more or lesse
Situat lying & being in Brewton Prish in James City County in Virga
aforesd being part of a Greater divd$,. of Land now belonging to me Thomas
Ludwell,
Purchased from John White & bounded as foll beginning at a
Certaine marked white oake Corner tree standing on ye East or North
East
side of Archers
hope
swamp &
thence
by a line
of mked
trees north-
east 147 poles to A mked Corner poplar tree standing neer ye Negroes
Quarter thence South East 1/ 4 Easterly 49p. to a Hiccory Corner tree
standing on ye sd Ballards Cleared field thence North North East 1/ 4
North 129 pole to a Spanish Oake & No: North East 1/ 2 North 42 pole to
a small white oak Saplen by ye Roade Side leading from Muddle plantation
to
New
Kent &
soe along ye Road as it winds &
turns to a Gum by ye
old path by mked trees till it meets Againe wth ye New Road at a read
Red
Oake &
soe keeping
yt New Roade
to a certaine
Valley
to ye Runn
thereof &
by ye Run to ye runs of Archers hope swamp and by yt Run to
ye place first began at. ...
In Testimony whereof the said Tho: Ludwell
hath
herewith
subscribed
his
name &
set to his
seale
this 28th day of
Janry 1674.
Thomas Ludwell rseal:)
March 1674- 5
Acknowledged in Court by Ja:
Tho:
Ludwell Esqr ..®
Bray Esq by virtue of A.
WILIAM AND MARY COLLEGE QUARTERLY,
lst
Ser.,
Vol.
X(
Power
from
1902) 2 pp.
91- 2)
�35.
The Question was put whether the house will agree yt a byll be
drawn
And it passed in the Negative.
according to ye sd proposicon.
Then upon consid.eracon of another proposicon in the sd Memoriall,
yt for a fund to the Colledge an Imposition of 7j Prer:j Cent might
be laid on all Skins & ffurres
exported
out of this Collony.
Resolved yt a byll be prepared for laying an Imposition of
71 Pser:] Ct upon all Skins & furres to be exported out of this Colony
to be wholy appropriated
proposicons
maintenance
towards the Support &
and that it be referred
Colledge,
to the Comittee
of the
of Grievances &
to draw the Same.
And upon consid.eracon of another proposicon in the sd Memoriall
for a further fund out of an Imposition
to be laid upon Liquors after
a long time spent in debate about the Same and whether at present there
Is a necessity
of raiseing a greater fund for ye erecting & Support
ye house agreed upon a question to be put in these
of the Colledge,
words.
Whether
an Imposition
upon
Liquors
Shall
be
continued.
And the Same being put accordingly it passed in the Negative.
e.
Thursday
Novembr
A BYLL
Colledge
of
t1'ie 16th
1693
Act
sp•
ascerta
492a
the ice for erecting
the
intituled
an
William &
Mary in Virga being returned from ye Councill
agreed to wth amendmts after ye sd amendmts was read the Same was agreed
to by the house & accordingly made in the byll.
e
Resolved
yt an addres of thanks be prepared to their Majtss for
favour in granting their Royall Charter for the erecting
of the College
of William &
Mary in Virga upon the humble Supplication
of this Country.
ESee address p. 495 of Journals. j
their
Grace &
LEGISLATIVE
Vol.
I.
pp.
JOURNALS
OF THE COUNCIL
OF COLONIAL
VIRGINII?
205- 09
Novemr 14 h 1693
An Act
William &
Asscertainine
the
Place
for
Erecting
the
Colldge
of
T
Mary read the first Lyme®
An Act laying an Imposition upon Skins & ffurrs for
Support of the Coledge of William & Mary read 1st tyme.
the
better
s
CRead a second
there
time on November
15th and "
some
Amendments
on Ordred that the Clerk of. the Genll Assembly Carie the said
Bills to yedouse of Burgesses wth the Amendments."
from
40
made
the
house
on November
16`, h, "
Agreed
to
wth
their
Two
acts
returned
Amendments."
3
�36.
Novemr ye 18th 1693
Ordred that the Clerk of the Genll Assembley doe Signifie to the
House
the
of Burgesses
Genll
Court
His Excellys
Comands
Mr Speaker
house.
to attend
and the
House
him Imediately
in
Attends & Mr Speaker
Acquaints his Excelly that he is Comanded by the House to pray his
Excellys
the
Assent
Colledae
to,
An Act for Asscerta4nin,5, the Place for Erecting
of William &
Mary in Virginia
An Act laying an Imposition
on Skins & furrs for the better Support
wch Acts being read
the Colledge of William & Mary in Virginia ...
then
by the Clerk His Excelly Signed them and the Speaker.
His
Excelly dissolved ye Assemby.
William Waller Hening
THE
STATUTES
AT
BEING
LARGE:
III ( Philadelphia:
Vol.
A COLLECTION
1823)
p.
OF
ALL
THE
LAWS
OF
VIRGINIA
122
An Act ascertaining the place for erecting the Colle e of William and
MaXy in Vir inia.*
WHEREAS their majesties have been most graciously pleased upon
the humble supplication of the generall assembly of this country by
their charter bearing date the 8th day of Ffebruary in the fourth yeare
of theire
reign
found,
to make,
to grant
erect
and
their royall
establish
a
lycence
to certaine
college
named
the
trustees
college
of
William and Mary in Virginia at a certaine place within this govern—
ment known by the name of Townsends Land, and heretofore appointed
by the generall
assembly,
or if the same
should be found inconvenient
at such other place as the generall assembly should think fitt,
whereas
the
said fformer
designed
place
for divers
causes
and
is found to
be very unsuitable for such an use and severall other places have been
nominated
in the room thereof upon consideration of which and a full
enquirie into the conveniences of each one of the said places the
Middle Plantation situate between York and James Rivers appearing to
be the most convenient and proper for that designe,
Be it
therefore
enacted
by the
Rovernour,
councell
and
burgesses
of this present Zenerall assembly and the authority thereof.
hereby
enacted
That Middle
Plantation
be the place
and
for erecting
it
is
the
said college of William and Ma4Z in Virginia and that the said college
be at that place erected and built as neare the church now standing in
Middle Plantation old ffields as convenience will permitt.
this act was made into a bill by the Burgesses on November 16,
and passed the Council and was signed by the governor on Nov.
J
18,
1693.
�37.
i
IBIA.
III,
Vol.
pp.
123- 24
an imposision
An Act la in
upon
skins
and
ffurrs
for
the
better
support of the Colledge of William and MaM in Virginia.*
BE it enacted by the governou.r, councell and burgesses
present generall assembly and the authority thereof,
of this
and it is here
That from and after the first day of Januµry next, there
shall be sattisfyed and paid to theire majesties theire heires and
enacted,
successors
for and towards
the better
support and maintenance
of the
colledge of William and Mary in Virginia speedily intended by Gods
The
grace to be erected at Middle Plantation within this government.
following
customes and impost for the following goods,
dutyes,
and merchandises
which
shall
be exported,
wares
carryed out of this theire
majesties dominion either by land or water ( that is to say) for every
rawhide three pence for every tan' d hyde six pence, for every dressed
buckskin one peney three ffarthings, for every undrest buckskin one
for every doe skin dressed one peney halfe peney, for every
peney,
undrest doe
skin three farthings,
for every pound of beaver three pence,
for every wild catt skin one peney
for every otter skin two pence,
halfe peney, for every minx skin one peney, for every fox skin one
peney halfe peney, for every dozen of racoon skins three pence, and
soe
proportionably for a greater or lesser quantity, for every dozen muskrat
skins two pence, and soe proportionably for a lesser or greater quantity,
and for every elke skin four pence halfe penney.
And be it further
appoynted
to collect
That
enacted.
and
receive
the
the
said
severall
duties,
collectors
customes
or
and
officers
imposts
shall from time to time be accountable and pay the same to the governour
of the
said colledge
of William
and Mar,,
or such other person or
as shall be by them lawfully deputed, and that for the receiving
persons
and paying thereof the said collector or collectors shall be allowed
ten per cent.
EXECUTIVE
JOURNALS
I ( Richmond:
Vol.
OF THE COUNCIL
1925)
OF COLONIAL
VIRGINIA
304
P.
Novemr ye 1$ th 1693
Present
His Excell _ EAndros3 ...&
y
c
Upon Reading the Petitions of Mr James Blair Rector, by Order of
the Govrs of the Coledge of William and Mary, Setting forth that their
Majts by their Charter,. q. hath given & granted to the petitioners,
in trust for the Coledge of William & Mary in Virginia, ten thousand
This act was ordered
11
November
of the
made into a bill by the burgesses
16,
and received the consent
governor on Nov. lg, 1693-
40
The act was re- enacted,
time
Vol.
to
time -
IV,
1748);
see Hening,
pp. 429- 433 ( 1734);
for
changes.
of the
council
and
the
on
signature
with slight changes or amendments
III, pp.
Vol.
356- 358 ( 1705);
V, pp.
236- 237 ( 1744); Vol. VI,
from
Statutes
Vol.
pp.
91- 94
�L
�Opposite
page 38.
ORIGINAL
BOUNDARY
STONE -
COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY
W& M C OLLEDGE -
1694"
LNow in basement of William and Mary College Libraryj/
�38.
acres
of
Land,
not yett legally possessed, by any of their Majts
on the South Side of black Water Swamp, as also other ten
Subjects,
thousand Acres of Land in Pomunkey beck,
the Petitionrs
His Excelly by some publick Information,
to
Signifie
humbly
the
same
pray
to
Inhabitants of this Countrey.
Ordered that publick notice be given in the County Courts,
King & Queen, Surrey, & Charles Citty Counties, where the Land
VIRGINIA
Vol.
MAGAZINE
VII,
OF
HISTORY
AND
the
of
lies.
BIOGRAPHY
165
p.
games Blair to Francis Nicholson3
Virga,
As to the College
January 2nd,
16g3A
was done for its encouragement in
comparison of what might have been expected had you been here, yet
we
the
of
reckon
it
is
College
seven &
well
tho nothing
that
it
is
is now appointed
the place fdr scituating
worse;
Plantatn & an Imposition
furs exported is given forever
according to the advice of the Lords of the Committy
a half per cent.
to the College,
no
to be at Middle
on
for Plantations, & an address
skins &
of
thanks
is
returned
to
their
Majaties
for their goodness to ye Country in the matter of the College.
They
did also take in my Accts. & allowed them & ordered me 250 pounds in
consideration
of my time & pains in sollicitirig the affair in England.
In my Accounts I made them Debtors to your Honr for the 360 pound spent
in passing the Charter, & c.
The other 100 pound which was advanced to
the
Usher &
Master &
some
College
payment
of your bountifull
others
uses
for the College
I charged
to the
Acct.
The first 360 the Assembly has ordered to be thankfully
repaid to your Honr & I doubt not you will have an account of it from
your Atturney Coll. Hartwell.
The other 3.00 must pass in part of
EXECUTIVE
Vol.
I,
JOURNALS
pp.
Donations
OF THE COUNCIL
to the College.
OF COLONIAL
VIRGINIA
3118- 19
Sept 12th 1694
His Exa cAnd.ros:1 Aecquainting the Councill that Application having
been made to him by the Govrs of the Colledge of William and Mary that
he would be pleased to be one of their Society Asked the opinion of
the
Councill
Itt is the Opinion of the Councill that itt will not only be a
great honor but verey much for the Service of the said Colledge if
his Expv would please to Accept thereof.
o .
49
�39.
46
JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES,
Richmond:
1913)
1695- 1702
4- 5
pp.
Saturday Aprill the 20th 1695
A Message
Mr
from his Excellency
by Mr Sherlocke
Sneaker
I am comanded by his Excell.2y to deliver a copy of
his Speech to his house Yesterday.
And Accordingly he presented the same at the Table which was read
as
followeth:
Mr
Speaker &
Gentlemen
of
the
house
of
Burgesses
e .
I have also his Fats Commands
encouragement
ance &
Charter
to
be
to give all fitting Support further-
for the perfecting
erected &
established
of the Colledge
here,
to
which
by their Mats
I have
not
been
now desire your advice & Assistance for the effecting it
Wanting &
accordingly.
IBID.,
6
p.
Saturday ARrill the 20th 1695
Mr Jno Custis from the Comittee
Reported
the
returnes
of
said Comittee
elections
had
comitted
taken
to
of Elections &
into
Priviledges
Consideracon
the
respective
them...
And upon the Report of the sd Comittee touching the returne of
the Sheriff of James City_ County made upon the Writ for Election of a
Burges for the Colledge of William & 2AU in Virga in these words.
James
City Sc:
In Obedience
to the within
Writ,
I caused
the president &
Masters
or Professors of the within mentioned Colledge to meet at James City
Courthouse being the usuall place for election of the Burgesses according to the tenor of the Same at which place the President and onely
one Master
did appear
The house
in having
tooke
to elect,
therefore return no Burgess.
sd Returne into imediate Consideracon &
the
there-
had Some debate.
Resolved
Returne upon
the Colledge
That the Sheriff of James Cif County hath made a good
the Tritt directed
of William & Ma
Apparently
the year 1718,
to
him for
election
of a Burges
for
the College had no burgess in the Assembly until
when
Mr.
John Custis was elected
to represent
the College
and was allowed to serve.
In 1715 Mr. Peter Beverley was elected
sent the College, but was not allowed to serve.
See notes
in this
6, 1715; and April 26, 1718.
MG
chronology under dates Aug.
0
to repre-
�40.
JOUPITALS
pp.
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
BURGESSES
OF
VIRGINIA,
1695-- 1702
16- 17
Tuesday Aprill the 30th 1695
To his
Excellency,
The humble Addres of ye House of Bur&esses.
May it Please yor Excellency.
And upon
Consideracon
of the fourth
paragraph
of yor Excellencies
Speech relateing to their Ma.ties Comands for all fitting Support
encouragemt for the prefecting the Colledge by their Mats
furtherance &
Charter
to be erected & established
in
Virginia,
the house
of Burgesses
beg Leave to say to yor Excellency that as they are sensible wittnesses
of yor Excellencies Strenuous endeavours to the forwarding of that desygne,
good example in giving ail encouragem_ for itPs Interest, they stand
t
exceedingly
obliged
to yor Excellency
in that behalf &
doubt
not
but
that as Occasion Shal be,
the future representatives of this Country
will be at all times ready to advance the Same according to the utmost
of the Countries ability, the low circumstances of which being now considered,
as alsoe their Mats great grace & bounty in Severall waies
liberally endowing the Colledge, with other Donations from divers
the Imposition on Skins
Worthy Benefactors both here & in England, &
and ffurs appropriated to the Sole use of it, the present house of
Burgesses are humbly of Opinion that as a further Supply cannot at this
time be raised,
so there is no instant Occasion for more money to the
carrying
on of that good worke,
but do hope
that before
the Donations
already given Shal be disburst, the Country may be in a Condition of
Contributeing a further publick assistance, to wch Opinion the house
of Burgesses
are incited,
from the little progres they yet perceive made
in the building
of the
sd Colledge,
the one half of the Bricks desygned
being not yet near provided nor any other disburse.At worth mentioning
expended.
VIRGINIA
Vol.
MAGAZINE
VII,
pp.
OF
HISTORY
AND
BIOGRAPHY
275- A177
GJames Blair to Francis Nicholson- 3
Midle
May it please your Excellency,
Plantation,
May ye 8th,
1695.
we have been taken up three days
at James Town abt ye College business wch now looks wth as bad an
as
ever;
Collo.
Ludwell LPhilip Ludwell,
Sr- 3 seeing how
matters are like to be governed, will not be perswaded on any Acc' t to
undertake ye work.
The reason he gives out Publickly is his age &
unwillingness
to leave his son entangled;
But he sticks not to say among
appearance
his Friends,
Governrs
yt he sees no possibility of carrying it on in this
time. ...
It is whispered
that
Collo
Byrd
is
design" d home
�41.
0
as from ye Governr &
it there to represent
the
Councill &
House of Burgesses if' they can carry
the true Estate of ye Countrey. ...
This morning Collo. Jennings has proffered himself to undertake
building, & has till tomorrow fornight to consider of it.
Browne,
William
PROCEEDINGS
Archives
OI'
Hand,
THE
ed.
COUNCIL
of Maryland,
OF; MARYLAND,
Vol.
XX (
were
Present
1693- 1696/ 7
Baltimore:
1900),
pp.
235- 37
18th 1695.
May
Councill
Nicholson
again
Esqr
Sate &
Capt
Gernll &
as
before... [
His Exncy Francis
ca]
Coll Henry- Coursey of Talbot County being admitted in makes the
following Report unto his Exncy & the Board concerning some discourse
he had with his Exncy Sr Edmond. Andros touching the Colledge in
Virginia.,
Vizt
Thnt when the sd Sr Edmond came over into this Province he went
to pay his respects to him...
where in discourse he was telling the
sd Sr Edmond that there was no sort of provision made in this Countrey
for
the Education
of Youth,
but
that
he
hoped
when
the
Colledge
of
Virginia was built it would be of' great benefit &
11
to which the
parts,
said Sr Edmond made answer,
Service to all these
pish, it will come to
nothing.
Munday 1,41ay 20th 1695
Councill again Sate and were present His Exncy Francis Nicholson.... &
ca
Mr Philip Clarke being admitted says,
that he being in Virginia
Sr Edmond Andros,
in company with his Exn
he the said Sr Edmond said
to him,
I will go and skew you the Colledge,
but yowl expect I should
shew you thef£ ree schole first,
but I suppose this Colledge is to teach
Children their A; B; C; -
Coll
Jenings &
Mr Haymond
told Mr Philip Clarke,
that the Reason why Sr Edmond was angry with Ar blaire was for his preaching
a. Sermon wherein he did. say,
that they who wthdrew
back & did not put
forward their helping hand towards the Building of the Colledge would be
Damned.
�42.
THE EARLY ENGLISH COLONIES,
and
Hon.
Notes
Right
and.
A summary of the Lecture by The Right
Arthur Foley, Lord Bishop of London with Additional
Rev.
Illustrations
Virginia,
October
delivered
4,
at
Right
1907. [
the
Rev.
Richmond
Auditorium,
Arthur Foley Winnington- Ingram]
Lpp• 38- 441
Catalog of Gov. Francis Nicholson' s library to be left to
William and. Mary College.]
A Catalogue of py Books ( taken May 30th' 1695) which
to leave after y Death* to the College of William
Colonel Nicholson).
in Virginia (
jja
Books
in
I
f.
London
Cases
to
recover
Speech
to
the
Ministers'
Atkinson'
s"
Mayor" - - - - - - -
LexMercatoria"------- - - - - ---- - - - - -Dr.
Cave'
Lives
s"
of the Apostles
Cabala;
or,
of
s"
Walter
the
in
s"
2
Monsieur
de
Persis,
0
15
0
the
East
General
Travels
into
his Origin
Quentyn'
s"
Grotius, "
Of'
Peace
2
and
14
0
0
the
0
5
9
0
Levant,
14
16
0
0
0
12
0
0
9
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
12
0
0
9
0
0
17
0
0
15
0
0
12
0
0
in English" - - - - - - - - - - -
of Laws" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
in
0
1
Gardener" - - - - - - - - - -
Systema. Agricultura. e" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Works,"
0
2
4
Sylva"----------------------
Cowley' s "
16
1
of the Reformation" - - - - - - -
s " Compleat
0
0
0
Indies" - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
History
8
18
1
Sermons" - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
his Chronology
Helvicus:
Monsieur
Prayer" - - - - - - - -
History of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth" - - - - -
s"
Dawson:
Common
vols. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
his
Thevenot:
and
Sleidan' s "
Evelyn'
0
0
Works" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bishop Stillingfleet' s "
Ccmden'
4
11
0
in4vols.------- - - - - --
Works,"
his
Med e :
Mr.
on
Works."
s"
Hammond'
Dr.
0
0
State" - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ecclesiastical Polity" - - - - - - - - - - - - Ra. legh' s " History of the World" - - - - - - - -
Towterson'
fe
s " Works
Comber'
Sir
6
0
0
Indies" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
Hooker'
0
0
History of ye Island of Ceylon in the East
Knox' s "
Dr.
16
A.
his Map of Commerce" - - - - - - - - - - - - - Letters
0
d.
and Fathers" ( 3 parts
in 2 vols. ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Roberts:
0
1
Dissenters" - - - - -
Lord
0
16
0
Archbishop Cranmer' s "
taesley' s " Life of Christ" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
0
0
Memorials" - - - - - - - - - - - - -
s.
1
folio:
Baron
desire
End
vols.----------------
0
War" - - - - - ----- - - - - --
belonging to the " Rights of
Uniformity in Churches" --------------- - -
Davishe'
Lord
Dr.
s
Books
Viscount
Samuel
in
1
vol.,
Preston'
morland'
s"
s
Trial,"
etc. - - - - - - - - - - -
Tuba Stentoro- phonica" - - - - - - - -
Books in 4to.:
Thirty Sermons by Divines of the Church of England - - - The
London
Divines:
Scripture
cited
their
Examination
by the Papists
of
the
Nicholson
died
in England
in
of
for the Proof of their
Religion" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
to
Texts
1728 -
M. G.
�43•
rBooks in _
4 ®
Examination
Li
of Bellarmin' s Notes of the Church" - - - -
A Collection of Speeches of the Right Hon. Henry,
late Earl of Warrington" - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
s " Analysis
1
6
9
0
0
2
0
0
5
6
0
of the Bible" - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dr.
Parker'
s " Origines
8
0
0
Rogers "
his History of the East and West Indies" - - -
The Principles
Dr.
of the Muggletonians
Sherlock' s " Discourse
of
confuted" - - -- - -
Providence";
0
0
0
5
6
6
6
3
0
0
7
0
0
On the Thirty- nine Articles" - - -- - - - - - - -
Acousta:
0
6
0
s " Demonstration
11
0
Sacrae" - - - - - - - - - - - -
of the Law of Nature" - - - -Kettlewell, " Of Christian Obedience" - - - - - - - -
Mr.
0
0
Modern Geography rectified" - - - - - - - - - - - - - Stillingfleet'
7
0
History of the late Wars in Ireland," with cuts - - - Journal of the Campaign in the Spanish i3etherlands, 1693"
Dr. South against Dr. Sherlock on the Holy Trinity - - Clark'
d. 3
s.
0
5
0
his " Discourse
of ye Blessed Trinity" - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -History of Wars inNevvEngland"------- - - - - --
0
4
0
0
1
Description
0
0
6
6
1
2
6
0
5
0
0
0
0
4
3
4
0
0
3
6
of Surinham
in Guiana" - - - - - - - - - - -
Thirty- nine books and pamphlets relating to the several
sorts of trade and commerce - - - - - - - - - - - - Glanvil' s " Sermons "---------------------Smith'
s"
Manger'
England' s Improvement" - - - - - - - - - - - - -
s " English
Gardener" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0
Narration of England' s Improvement" - - - - - - - - - Cook'
s"
Manner of Raising, Ordering, and Improving
Forest and Fruit Trees"--------------Mr.
6
Stephan'
s Two
Sermons (
a Duplicate)
of the 30th
of
January" - - - -- - - - - ------- - - - - - The
Protestant Bridle:
being an Answer to it" - - - - Birch:
his Sermon Jan. 30. Oxford House of. Commons"
Dr.
A Sermon concerning the Lawfulness and Expediency of
Church Music" -----------------__---
Religion the only Happiness" - - - - - - - - - - - - - The Anatomy of Atheism" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The Passages
of Newport - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -
Dr.
Craddock' s Sermon before the King" - - - - - - - - Bishop of Sarum' s Sermon at the Coronation of King
William and Queen Mary" - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -Books
in 8vo.
and 12 m_ .:
o
Bishop of Sarum' s Four Discourses: (
1)
Concerning the
Truth of the Christian Religion; ( 2) The Divinity and
Death of Christ; ( 3) The Infallibility and Authority
of the Church; ( 4) The Obligations
to continue
Communion of the Church" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
in
the
0
6
His "
Discourse of the Pastoral Care" - - - - - - - - - -
0
3
3
0
His "
Account of the Life of Bishop Bedell" - - - - - - -
0
4
0
0
2
6
0
2
0
His "
Translation of Sir Thos. Moore' s '
His " Life of Judge Hale" ------_.----------
Already
given
to the College.
Htopiat" - - -- -
�M
eBooks in 8vo.
and
Character
12
mo.:
3
e£
of Queen Elizabeth
and her Ministers
d. 3
s.
of
State" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - --
4
0
0
0
4
0
2
6
6
in4vols.--------------- - - - - --
0
15
0
11
Dr.
Seot' s " Christian
Life,"
in 3 parts in 2 vols. - - Burton' s " Discourses and Sermons," in 2 vols. - - Wake' s " Discourses
and Sermons" - - -- - - - - - - -
Dr.
Clagget'
Father Paul' s " Letters" - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- Sir Josiah Child' s " Discourse of Trade" - - - - - - - The Works of the Author of ' The Thole Duty of Man'"
Dr.
Dr.
0
s " Seventeen
7
0
0
4
4
10
6
Sermons" - - - - - - - - - - in 2 vols. - - - - - Archbishop Tillotson' s "
His " Rule of Faith"-----------------
0
Dr.
0
Sermons,"
Cave'
s"
Puller'
Church
Government" - -- - - - - - - - of the Church of England" - - Child,
Of Trade" - - - - - - - - -
relating to Trade," etc.
his Survey of the Nest Indies" - - - - - - - -
Morland'
- -
his
0
0
4
5
0
0
0
3
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
4
6
0
5
2
0
Sermons" - -- -- - - - - - - - - - -
0
0
s " VadeMecumff--- - - - - ---- - - - - --
Bishop Wilkins:
6
0
s " Moderation
Answer to Sir Josiah
Leybourn' s " Panarithmologia
George:
0
Primitive Christianity" - - - - - - - - - -
His " Ancient
Dr.
6
6
4
6
6
His " Natural Religion" - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - Tullie' s " Discourse of the Government of the Thoughts" -
0
4
0
0
2
0
History of the Empire of China" - ®- - - - - - - - -. Jesuit' s Memorial for the Intended Reformation of the
0
3
6
Church of England "----------------._
Present
State of the German
0
History of Monastic Orders" - - - - - - - - -- - - - - Dr.
Hammond' s " Practical
Catechism" - - - - - -- - - - with his Life, by a Person
Bishop Jewell' s Apology,
of. Quality "--------------------Dr.
Horneck' s " Law of Consideration" - - - - - - - - - His " Best Exercise" a
Bishop Nicholson' s "
Bishop Patrick' s " Mensa
--
--
-
-
-
Exposition
His "
Christian
His " Paraphrase
-
---------
of the
Church
Catechism"
Mystica- - - - - - - - -- - - - -
Sacrifice" - - - - - - - - - - - - of the
Psalms" - - - - - - - - - - -
on the Book of Job" - - - - - - - -
3
0
2
6
6
0
0
3
4
0
0
Empire" - - - - - - - - -
3
0
0
3
4
0
2
6
0
4
6
0
4
6
0
0
0
3
0
0
6
6
6
0
His "
Paraphrase
His "
Paraphrase
0
4
6
His " Paraphrase
0
0
4
4
6
6
0
10
0
0
3
6
0
2
6
on the Proverbs of Solomon" - - -- on Ecclesiastes" - - - - - - - - - Dr.
Bateson, "
The Divine Attributes" - - - - - - - - - Sir William Temple' s " Works,"
in 2 vols. - - - - - - - Sir Thomas
Conquest
Pope
Blount' s "
Natural History" - - - - - - -
of Florida by the Spaniards" - - - - - - - - -
Suetonius:
his Lives of the Twelve
Caesars
in English" -
Art of Prudence; or, The Courtier' s Oracle" - - - - - Life of Agathorles, the Sicilian
Tyrant" - - - - - - - Plinie' s " Panegyrick of the Emperor Trajan"( Fazglish) - Earl of Carlile' s " Embassies to Muscovy' - - - - - - - Tanner' s " Rise of the First Church of God" - - - - - - -
0
5
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
6
6
6
0
4
3
6
6
0
�45-
40
rBooks in Svo.
and
Gailhard, "
Of
12
mo.:,
after
0
Lock'
s"
Thoughts
aa
Judge
his
Hale:
His " Discourse
Boyle, "
Seraphic
Of
Many "
the
Knowledge
5
3
0
5
4
0
0
of
6
2
6
6
0
0
God" - - - - - - -
Law" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _
Trade" - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6
Abridgment
2
0
0
4
Of Worship - - - - - - - - - - - --------
King, "
0
his Meditations"----------------
Antoninus:
Dr.
of
0
2
0
Judgment" - -- - - - - - - - - Moral and Divine" - - - Contemplations,
14
0
Of the Last
Sherlock, "
0
0
Gentleman' s Recreation" - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dr.
6
2
0
Educat: ion- - - - - - - - - - - -
2
0
Travel" - - - - - - - - - -
Countryman' s Jewell" - ----- - - - - --- - - - - -Mountaign' s " Essays," %
3 vols. - - - - - - - - - - - - Mr.
d. j
s.
C£
Settlement
0
1
6
6
of Caesar' s Commentaries" - - - - - - - - _ Essays"
0
2
6
Euremont'
s"
in 2 parts - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0
0
Ladies' "
Dictionary" - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - Of Idolatry" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0
7
6
0
Stillingfleet, "
0
4
6
Answer to the Account of Denmark" - - - - - - - - - - - Du Pints " Life of Christ" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
0
2
6
0
3
Faldo, "
0
1
6
6
Against the Quakers" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hallywell, "
Against Quakers- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Allen, " Against Quakers" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Norris, " Against
Quakers" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
0
Peachy' s "
Sydenham'
Cure
Mieges:
Milton'
Bishop of Cork' s "
Devout
Six
Method
of
Private
books
called "
0
Cole'
s"
s"
2
1
6
6
6
6
6
0
0
1
6
the Complete
Catechist"------.-----------------Sir Walter Ralegh' s " Remains" - - - - - - - - -- - - - - Bohun'
2
0
or,
6
4
0
The Art of Catechizing;
0
0
0
Devotion" - - - - - -
0
1
0
Communicant" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
3
0
his New State of England"-----------s " Letters" ( English) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1
0
Catalogue of Nobility" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0
2
0
of Diseases" - - - -- - - - - - - - - --
0
1
0
Herbal" - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - -.- s"
0
1
0
The Swiss Liturgy" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
1
0
Geographic Dictionary" - - -- - - - - - - - - - English Dictionary" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Anatomie of the Elder Tree" - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - Kalendarum Hortense" - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Royal Institutions:
a Treatise of Silver and Gold Mines"
Dr. Sherlock' s " Discourse of Death" - - - - - - - - - - -- -Hidrocles, "
On Pythagoras:
his Golden Verses" - - - - - The Golden
Rule;
The Royal Law of Equity" - - - - - -
or,
Lady' sNew Year' s Gift " - - -Historical
- - - - --Account of William III."
Doni.
ngton' s
Family
a
his
2
Devotions," in
Duplicate
of
Golden Century
0
it
-
-
-
-
-
Reformed "
Devotions" - His- -" - - - -- - - -the
first
of
.
Already given to the College.
vols- - - - -McMorand,"
-----vol. Patrick: - - - - - - -
Psalms" (?) indistinct)
-
-
-
-
-
�46.
PUBLIC
RECORD OFFICE,
Letter
from
Gov. .
London.
Andros
C. O.
to Earl
copy from Sainsbury Transcripts,
5/ 1307
of Shrewsbury-.
Vol.
V(
Va.
June 4,
1695.
State Library)
Typed
in
William and Mary College Papersa
May it please your Grace.
w
r .
Haveing acquainted the Assembly wth their Majties Comands Relates
ing to the Colledge Reced Answr ( Referring it to future Assemblyes) that
they Doubted not would be alwayes well Inclined to the same before
the present fund by their Majesties gracious favor Expended.
I have
Recomended to the Trustees the furthering that worke to whole have
given all Incouragement and furtherance in my power. ...
And may it
please your Grace being Exceedingly Concerned for ye Occasion of Representing to your Grace that Mr Comisary Blair president of the Colledge
and one of their Majties Councill could not be obliged by all Endeavors
nor contai. ne himself within bounds I beg Leave to Say to yor Grace
that his restless Comport I ever passed by till the whole Councill
for his Demeanor before them faulting him as unfitt to be in Councill
I thought it my Duty ... to suspend him... till further Order & as I made
it my constant
care
to give all dispatch &
furtherance
in
all
matters
that Relate to the Church or Colledge so I do not yet heare of any
Omicon
or neglect
on my part...
E.
Andros
Virginia the 4th of June 1695
Duke of Shrewsbury Principall
PUBLIC
RECORD
OFFICE,
London.
Secretary of. State
C. O.
5/ 1307
Wormeley to th- Duke of Shrewsbury. June 10, 1695.
3
Typed copy from Sainsbury Transcripts, Vol. T ( Va. State Library)
CLetter
from R.
in William and Mary College Papers3
May it please yor Grace
Their Mas Comands as to ye, Church and Colledge,
has Pver had its
due regard how mistaken soever mr Blair has been in his unjust
aspersions of ye Government,...
R. ' Normeley
Virginia
June ye loth 1695
Duke of Shrewsbury
0
�47.
EXECUTIVE
Vol.
i
I,
JOURNALS,
COUNCIL OF COLONIAL VIRGINIA
334
P.
July the 25th 1695.
His Excellency was pleased to Acquaint the Councill, that Capt
Miles Cary Rector of the College of William and Mary did inform him
that the Comittee had Appointed Thursday the Eighth of August next
for the laying the Foundation of the Said College and prayed his
Excellencys Company at that time, His Excellency desired the Opinion
of
the
Councill,
what
proper
or Necessary
the
on that Occasion,
Councill Informe his Excellency that they had noe Notice thereof but
are of Opinion,
that his Excellency haveing alwayes it will be now a
further
Encouragement
to the Said works,
if his Excellency please to
goe,
and that the Gentlemen of the Councill will be ready to Attend
him at the laying the Said Foundation, and Ordered Accordingly.
00*
1B19,k'thwayt Papers.
C.
Mss.
and
Letter of Ralph Wormeley to " The Honble Wit
me%
Biaithwayte
Esqre at the Plantacon Office-
am
U11 44, A.
Whitehall."•
Sr
On thursday the Eight of this month Sr Edmond Andros & ca with
the best Solemnity wee were capeable, Layd the ffoundacon of the
College their Majesties were gratiously pleased to grant us, which
I feare for want of good Workemen will not be finished in the tyme
was hoped
and desired.
As yet wee heare nothing of the ffrench Squadron designed for
these Western
parts...
Yor most
humble &
obedient
R.
Servant.
Wormeley
August the 16th 1695
Virginia:
William Stevens Perry
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS RELATING TO THE AMERICAN
Vol.
Hartford:
I- VIRGINIA (
1870),
p. 2/+
COLONIAL
CHURCH
fSir Edmund Andros' s conduct with relation to the College of William
and Mary 169f/
W...
that
t
Col.
It was about the month of September in the year 1695
Park...
Mr Blair is
Francis
came (
at rUddle
as
was
said
from
Plantation,'
Edmund
the
Androsts
Governor
of
House)
Maryland
then was.
Finding the Company at Breakfast he
of what he came for till they had risen from the table. ...
Nicholsqj/
said nothing
We do not know where Blair' s house
is an indenture
Papers (
Sir
where
No.
between
Philip
Ludwell
at Middle
and James
Plantation
Blair
stood.
in the
There
Ludwell
21),
Virginia Historical Society, by which Ludwell deeded
Blair 100 acres of land on the Rich Neck plantation, near Middle Plantation, " with
all houses,
orchards"
possession or occupation of"
etc.,
James
noting that it was then in the
Blair -
not
dated -
ca.
1691.
�48.
WILLIAM AND vikRY COLLEGE PAPERS — Folder 8
Bodleian Library
no
Lambeth
Mss.
Vol.
942,
No.
50. [
Typed
copy]
date]
Sr
E.
Andr.
is an enemy to the College
as appears by
in Virga
of W &
M
IV.
By seducing some of the workmen that were gone from England to
Virga upon ye account of the College:
Money was given to Pocock to
entert 7ined &
relinquish the work of ye College, & was afterwards
A,
Mr. Park wn agreed wth,
to burr. the bricks
work given him by Sr E.
for ye College was desired by the Governour to make & burn some 30, 000
for
him,
Coll.
Ludwell being agreed wth as undertaker of ye whole work,
durst not conclude ye bargain agreed upon & did relinquish it for
fear
of
Sr A.
as appears
by his own Letter written
to Mr.
Blair
on
that subject wch Letter may be produced if there be occasion...
6]
p.
There being an order of ye Govrs of ye College that Mr.
should repair to ye place where the College is a building &
GrExma. r
School,
there being no fit house upon the place
he the
said
house,
Blair
the schoolmaster &
being at present in the Govrs possession,
had declared his resolutions
the
scholars
could
who
Blair
open
the
but one where
live,
about
and.
that
that
time
of leaving the same to ye Landlord,
who
was by the Landlord let to Mr. Blair who was according to bargain
But Mr.
enter into ye same at Christmass.
Blair declaring, that
to
he
would not have the said house at ye said term of Christmas, if his
Ex2Z was yn put to any inconveniency to leave ye same at that time,
Excy did. accordingly keep ye said house till ye Middle of May.
his
And
wn at last by reason of his own conveniency & Some differences with
Madam Page his Landlady, he was obliged to remove from yt place of ye
Country to his own house near Jamestown,
yet he would have that particular house wch Mr.
Blair had taken to be still kept & held in ye name
of one Mr.
Wells an old servant of his Excys. The ye svid Wells being
a dying man &
to
And
Mr.
removed to another house about two miles off declared
Blair &
such was
every body else that he had no occasion for ye house...
the
opposition
therein,
yt tho ye Landlord
and lair.
Blair
did all that they could to get possession of ye said house, yet they
could
not
obtain
it,
till
Mr.
Blair
at
last, (
being very desirous to
make a beginning of teaching at ye grammer school wch could not be done
till he had yt house in Middleplentation) Brought down his goods in a
sloop and must either have possession of ye said empty house, or ly
out of doors or be otherwise provided by the Landlord.
LJ
�49.
FULHAM MSS.
Maryland.
No.
152.
Typed copy in William and Mary College Papers)
Maryland
LFrancis Nicholson to
port of Annapolis
5/ 6
March 18. /
May it please yor Grace.
I am in great hopes yt ye Revrd Mr Blayer will be restored to
ye Council...
If no check be put to ye proceedings in Virginia concerning ye
underhand Dealings against ye Clergy and College, I fear they will
both
suffer...
e . .
I
design (
ye Coll.
before
God willing) to go to ye election of ye new Rector of
to see how ye building
next
gos on,
which
I hope
will
be
covered
winter,
and in a year after yt, be fit for ye reception of
I have an
who shall yn perform. more Solemn Exercises.
account yt they continue to play tricks about ye twenty thousand Acres
yt scholars,
of land...
But I will
endeavour
to assist
ye Coll.
in yt affair,
and
in any other: ...
Now yt ye enemys of ye Coll. dare not attack it publickly, they
endeavour to undermine it by insinuating into ye people yt ye setting
up ye Coll. will be introducing of Tiths & c. as it is in Engld ...
ffr.
JOURNALS
p.
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
BURGESSES
OF
VIRGINIA,
Nicholson
1695- 1702
6o
Saturday
September
26th 1.696.
upon Consideration of the returne of the Sherriff of James City
County made upon the Writt directed to him for Election, of a Burgess
to serve in this Assembly for the Colledge of William &
these
Mary (
in
words)
In
obedience
to
the
within
Writt
I
summoned
the
President &
Masters
M_ U Colledge to meet at the Courthouse in
James City being the usuall place for Election of Burgesses, and after
proclamation &
publication of the Writt no Ellectors appeareing do
or professors
of William &
returne no Burgesses
Resolved,
returne
of
upon
William &
for the
said
Colledge.
That the Sherriff of James Clty County hath made a good
the Writt
Mary.
for Election
for a Burgess — for the Colledge
�50.
LEGISLATIVE JOURNALS OF THE COUNCIL OF COLONIkL VIRGINIA
Vol.
I,
236- 240
pp.
October
loth
1696
His Excellency [ Sir Edmund AndrosJ laid before the Councill a
paper given him late last night by I,ir Comissary [ B1airj entitulled an
Act for facilitating
the payment of the Donations already made to the
Colledge of William and Mary in Virginia which being Considered by the
Councill,
they find it not regular, nor According to the Usual proceedIt is therefore
ings,
referred
till Monday next,
for Mr
Benjamin
Harrison
Junr to appear who is alledg' d by Mr Comissary to be the drawer thereof
and by him desired to be heard therein.
October
13th 1696
The paper entitulled
an Act for facilitating
the , payment of the _
Donations already made to the Colledge of William & Mary in Virginia,
being
referred from Seturd.ay till Monday that Mr Ben' a Harrison Junr might be
here,
and Mr Comissary Blair who presented the Same nor the Said Harrison
not being in town, It was not then called & being now again read, It is
further referred that the Said Harrison may be heard or till ;sir Comis-L ry
come.
October
loth
Mr Comissary
ffryday
night
last
1696
Blair desires
Entitulled
to withdraw
an Act
for
the paper which he put in on
f'acilitateing
the
payment
of
the
cl
donations...[&
Which is Accordingly granted.
Upon the petition of Benjamin Harrison and William Randolph two of the
trustees for the College of William & Mary in Virginia, leave is given them
to bring in a bill for facilitating the payment of the donations already
made
to
the
Said
College.
October
15th 1696
William
Randolph
and
Benjamin
Harrison
two of the
trustees
for the
College of William and Mary in Virginia According to leave given them
yesterday presented a bill for payment of the Donations already made to
the Said
College
October
which was
read
the
third
first
time & Ordered
a Second
reading.
16th 1696
A. bill for facilitating
of William
the
the payment
and Mary in Virginia
read
of the Donations
the Second
time,
to
the College
and Ordered
to be read
time.
October
17th
1696
A. bi.11 for facilitating the payment of the Donations to the College
of William and j ry is referred to be read the third time on Monday, Mr
Comissary not ha.veing Shewed the breiffs or Charter as desired before now.
Tuesday
October
20th 1696
The bill for facilitating the payment of the Donations to the College
of William ind Mary in Virginia being read the third time and the question put
whether
it Should
pass
as it is,
it passed
in the Negative &
the question
being put whether it Should be Amended it passed also in the Negative.
�51.
FX
CUTIVE
Vol.
I,
JOURNALS,
COUNCIL
OF
COLONIAL
VIRGIINIA,
355- 6
P.
Wednesday ye 1Lth of October [
Gov.
His Excellency [
Andros]
1696]
being told of delayes
in ye College
ye intended bill relating to ye Donations brought in by Mr
business,
Comissary [ Blair] on Fryday night last being delay' d till now was
extreamly concern' d and ye more, that matters were so misrepresented
home, as that ye Clergy here is despised and insulted over, and ye
Col. iege not onely slighted but opposed, desiring ye Councills dispatch
thereof,
and whether they knew any Such Slight in his tiihe, or if anything
in his power not remedyed or now wanted that it might be helped, was
answerd that ye delay was occasion' d for want of ye appearance of ye
Councill for ye College for which on their desire it was referr' d, and
by Mr Comissary that ye expressions mencoed by his Excellency were very
harsh
expressions
strange
for
which
he
knew
no
cause,
and
therefore
thought
thereof,
His Excellency then sheaved a paragraph in my Lord of
London' c, Letter containing ye same, and Mr Comissary reading further his
Excellency caused ye following lines also to be read, Vizt and what his
Mae Coma.nded to be laid before ye Assembly, in favor of ye ministers had
been prevented by ye former Assembly, who carried their Act to ye
Councill where it was let fall and that Assembly dissolved...
It is ye
unamimous opinion of ye Council except Mr ComissIZ Blair that ye Clergy
have all along in this Governrs
time
since
their
Ye concerns
what
WILLIAM &
2nd
of
II,
the
Vol.
a
65.
to
the
there
a
Clergy,
QUARTERLY
the
Roof
from
the
Holograph.
shingle
could
And give all dispatch
the
Coll.
about
and assistance
in
HISTORICh. L MAGAZINE,
Rev.
Mr.
layd
not
James
Blair.
Fulham
two
Mss.
Virginia
From copy in Library of Congress]
upon
took us before
it;
so
that
That
is
The main Timbers are up;
be
finished,
because
the
Chimneys which are to go up through it, are not yet
carried up for want of Bricks, & by reason of the
unseasonableness
of the Weather,
to lay them if we
had
them.
Ins Hadley ( A) has been out, of the Service
of
at any
347
P.
dealyd till the spring.
but
as
his Excellc L aiwayes ready to espouse
21st January [ 1696/ 7?]
Coll.
the early Winter
was
respected...
College...
XIX,
letter
No.
Virginia
As
to
MARY COLLEGE
Series,
Past
Box
of, & help ye
relates
time been as well
remembrance. &
months
ago.
The Worm
is
A)
like
Who
was
Overseer
of the Building
to meet with a full stop for want of money; for the
building bath allready exhausted what money we had
either
in Mr Perrys &
c. (
B)
their
hands;
or
in
Col.
B)
C)
and its very uncertain how the subscriptions of this Country will come in: most people
shifting the payment, & shew plainly that they inWe
tend not to pay, unless the Law compel them.
hear no more of his Exey Sr Edmunds Gift of Bricks
Birds: (
Who
is
the
Treasurer
C)
Who
is
Coll.
in
the
Treasurer
in
Engld
Coll.
Virgi
�52.
D)
some
there
of
are
the
some
Actions
commenced
subscribers; &
D)
against (
upon the fate of those,
given
will depend the present fate of the Coll. in this
Country:
so that there is like to be a very absolute
necessity of making application again for 1,hgld
Is
4A1. o hath not
one
farthing toward
the
building
Coll.
in
tho
Virginy,
his
Government
of that Country
hath
to
been
worth
him above
11000
lb
ster-
ling
EXECUTIVE
Vol...
I,
P.
JOURNALS
OF
THE
COUNCIL
OF
COLOiVIY: L
VIRGINIJ:
360
At a. Council
held at James
City ... the first of March 1696 [
The Councill being just ris[ en] were called again
order who acquainted them he had then heard some rumors
by his Excellencys
of a quarrell
happening at the College meeting on Saturday night last,
that he was not well used not
to have kno-vm it sooner
7/]
and
end
if' so
asked
said
the Councill
if they knew anything of it, and Mr Comissary Blair if' he were not at that
what
it was,
but Mr Comissary excused the matter saying he did
not ' snow that the parties did complain...
but being further urged. did tell
of a Q'uarrell, between the Governr of Maryland [ Francis Nicholson] & Coll
meeting, &
Park, &
that the other Gentlemen of ye College interposed upon which his
Excellency being extreamly concern' d imediately restrained the said Coll
Park, &
gave Coll Hill directions
therein
and also
sent Coll Christopher
Wormeley to wait upon the Governr of Nlarylend at Green Spring where it is
said he is, to prevent further ill consequences-which Yr ComissI2 Blair
going to Rich Neck also undertook if he should find him there.
Tuesday,
ye 2d of March
1696 [
7]
The Governr of Maryland being returned to Town with Mr Comissary
Blair from Rich Neck Mr Seery Wormeley Mr Auditor Byrd Coll Chr Wormeley
and Coll Edward Hill are desired and appointed by his Ewa to use their
indeavors in doing what is fitt for composing ye Quarrell happen' d at ye
meeting
Coll
Ibid.,
Honble
of ye College
Danl
on Saturday
night
last between
ye Governr
of Maryland
Park.
April ;
Ll,
16971
p.
365
His Excellency acquainting
ye Lords of the Councills
this Board that in obedience to the Rt
directions having asked of the trustees
an ascot of the building and other concerns of the College they made him a
report
and
account
thereof,
which
he laid
before
this
advice whether anything remained for him to do therein,
they knew of nothing to say to it.
0
board
and
asked
and
was
answer' d
their
�53.
lvirRY
WILLIAIA &
2. d
r
Series,
Letter
COLLEGE
Vol.
XIX,
to Bishop
014RTERLY...
351
P.
Fulham
of London -
Box
Virginia:
Mss.
II,
No.
41]
May it pleat your Grace
Wee are So much more bold in recommending the good worke wee have in
vizt.
the establishing of the Colledge of King William and Queen Mary
hand,
in Virginia
to your Graces
because wee have not only all reason
protection,
to believe it will prove the Seminary of the Church of England in this part
of
the
The bearer
world,...
hereof
Mr Blair will
give your Grace an account
of the progress of the building and all the other particulars of our Colledge.
Fe comes home at our desire on purpose to procure Some assistance for the
finishing of it; ...
My Lord
Your Graces
16 A.prill 1697:
Miles Cary
Steph.
Win Randolph
Fr:
Matthew Page
William
humble
Servants
Rector
Nicholson
James
Byrd
Blair
Scarburgh
Cha:
Jon
most obedient
Fouace
Smith
Benjn
Harrison
Endorsed:
16 Apr.
97/ ...
JOURNALS
EXECUTIVE
Vol.
I,
P.
Red abt July./ 97
OF TEL COUNCIL
McIlwaine,
365. H. R.
OF COLONIi-L VIRGINIA,
ed., (
Richmond :
1925)
Wednesday ye 21st April 1697
Sir
Edmund
Andros]
acquainting this Board that in
obedience to the Rt Honble ye Lords of the Councills directions having
asked of the trustees an accot of the building and other concerns of the
His
Excellency [
College they made him a report and account thereof,
this board
therein,
PUBLIC
C. O.
and asked
their advice
whether
anything
which
he
remained
laid
before
for him to do
and was answer' d they knew of nothing to say to it.
RECORD
5- 1309. [
OFFICE,
London.
Photostat
Col.
Wmsbg.
Inc.]
M " A 3` k
Lettr from ye Trustees appointed for ye building of ye Colledge to Sr.
Edmd.
21
Andros.
June
Transmitted
in
his
lettr.
of ye 22th April 1697.
Recd.
Read 20th Augt 1697
May it please
In Obedience
yr Excellency
to yr Excelys letter of the twenty fourth of March last
�54.
wee doe humbly certify to yr rExcly that wee have carried on the building
of two sides of the designed square of the Colledge ( wch was all wee judged
wee had money to goe through with) and have brought up the Walls of ye Said
building to the roof wch hope in a short time will be finished, Coll.o Ludwell
haveing promised to Shingle it upon Creditt wee tra.nsmitt herewith the
accounts of the Said building, and other Expenses belonging to the Colledge
by wch it will appeare that wee have Expended one hundred & Seventy pounds
Eight shillings two pence fathing more than wee have yet received wch has been
advanct by Some of our number.
Wee likewise transmitt to yr ExclZ the accounts of the Revenue of the
Penny per pound given to the Colledge by his iviajt R.oyall Charter and of the
skinnes and furres granted by an Act of Assembly by wch account it will appear
that arrears to the Colledge the Summe of five hundred thirty seven pounds
fifteen shillings three pence three farthings over and above wt has defrayed
the Presidt and Masters
ing the Edifice
Salaries wch Summe wee have applied
towards
the build-
of the Said Colledge.
We have likewise
setled ye office of Suzv eyr Genll & did formerly
exhibitt to yr Exclly a list of' ye perticular Survrs f'or ye perticula.r
but these Settlements have not been so long mw) de
as to bring in any revenue to ye Colledge, wch wee Expect they will doe
Counties
about
of this
Christmzis
Country,
next.
Wee are beginning
to lease
out the
tenn
thousand
acres
Majtys Royall grant to the Colledge on the blackwater Swamp,
of Land
of his
But
other
the
ten thousand acres in Pamunkey neck, haveing a dispute abt it with some
or chaine was Stoppt and the Survey not yet finished as wee
pretenders,
hope it will be in a little
time.
Wee have founded a grammer School wch is well furnisht wth a good
Schoolmaster Usher and Writing - master in wch the schollrs make great
oroficien( y in their studies to ye Genll suttisfacon of their parents and
guardians.
The worke of the building and furnishing of the Colledge being now
almost
at a Stopp
for want of money,
wee
have
desired
Mr
Presic_ent
Blair
to goe home for England to procure what assistance hee can towards the
finishing
of it.
This is what occures
wch wee humbly
submitt,
and
to us at present for yr Excell Ls Sattisfaction
are
Yr
Exclys
most
Steph: Fouace
ffr.
Nicholson
Cha:
Scarburgh
Miles
Cary
humble
Servants
Rector
Wm
Jno.
Wm.
Byrd
Smith
Randolph
James
Blair
Benja.
Harrison
Mathew
Page
�55.
Building; Account #
IBID.
Board
The
of
of William & Mary
College
paid Mr Blair
To necessary disbursmts
S.
d.
19
11
13
12
03
13
wages
17
06
16
13
01
as P the Said Mr Blairs
Acco_,..................................... ..........
To dyett
for workmen
2 uJ,
in Virgaa as drawing deeds for land
brickmakers
Messages &
I
141
P his accot llth febrZ 1694,..
a,
S/ e 3 0
3'
is Dr.
1694•
To Acet of Stores from Mr Perry & Compa in anno 1692......
To advancd to workmen & other necessary disbursmts in
England
e
6.
Vol .
Virginia..
Trade,
Soc,
other
Fees &
b
Small
disbursmts
as P Mr Blairs Accot ye 9th June 1696. ................
To Capt Thomas Ballard for 330 acres of land whereon ye
Colledge
To
Collo
is
Parke
170
for
Bricks
at 14s
P m. ....................
00
00
547
built. ....................................
07
00
The following exhibits the first accounts of the college down to April 16,
These accounts were enclosed in a. letter addressed to Governor Andros
by the " Governors and Visitors" appointed by the charter, and by Andros they
were
sent to England,
where the originals still rest in the public archives.
contributed by their Majesties
The receipts consisted of £ l, 983 14s. 10d.,
1697.
William and Mary out of the quit -rents of the colony, and at that time in
thF hands of William Byrd; £ 300 representing money obtained from the pirates
Hinson
Davies,
and
voluntary
Delawafer,
donations
of £ 897 3s.
to the extent
6d.,
money collected from the grant in the charter of the penny per pound
duty on all tobacco exported from Virginia and Maryland, amounting to £ 601
6s.,
and
43/ 4d.,
which
the tax on skins
netted £ 251
different
sources
The whole
5d.
made £
4, 033 6s.
and furs voted
on hand
ld.
at the
by the Virginia
time
of
The salaries
the
Legislature,
report
from
of the president
grammar master were chargeable against only the last two funds,
and
these
and
so
appear
in a paper
separate from the general account.
course,
the donations were only a small -part of what was actually
Of
subscribed by private persons and afterwards paid in.
As appears from the letter to Governor Andros, only the front
wing had been raised to the roof, which had yet to be put on.
expenditures represent only a part of the final cost.
As
appears
supervision
Board
from
Dr.
Bla.ir' s
of a committee
statement,
consisting
the
work
was
of the rector
conducted
and five
that
under
the
the
or six of the
of Governors.
Thomas Hadley, who came from England, was the surveyor
building, and had the daily ordering of things.
The bricks were made on the spot by Col. Daniel Parke, of
Mr.
who
and one
So
received.
14s.
a
thousand
for
of
the
the
Council,
them.
It must be remembered that money was three or four tiiaes dearer in 1696
than
it
is
the main
correct. (
WILLIAM &
0
now,
so
that
i4r.
Jefferson' s estimate
of the cost of erecting
front. and twJ%
wings, $ k162, 000, was probably not far from
building,
See Cabell and Jefferson
PLtIRY
COLLEGE
QUARTET-, LY,
Correspondence.]
Second
Series,
Vol.
VIII,
pp.
220- 224
�56.
To 4hn Chiphead for Paveing Stone bought of Capt Tregian,
To Clerks Sallary, ............................................
To Collo Wm Brown for repairing ye School house . .............
co in anno 1694,............
q8To Accot of Stores from Mr Perry &
Octr
19th
14
07
00
00
45
00
00
243
07
10
39
13
19
09
00
00
11
00
17
00
00
1695.
To
To
To
To
To
paid labourers . ...........................................
paid Workmens dyett.......................................
paid Water Carriages & Messages, ..........................
paid Cartridge, ...........................................
paid for three Cart horses one feather bed Some Necessa.rie
tooles for ye use of ye Colledge,
To paid bricklayrs,..........................................
To paid for Shells . ..........................................
To paid for Sawyrs work . .....................................
Apll
To
To
To
To
115
40
21th
paid
paid
paid
paid
Labourers . ................................
for Shells, ..........................................
for Provisions, .........
for Severall Small necessaries for the Use of the
39
25
34
06
09
17
05
00
09
07
110
02
00
1696.
bricklayers........................
37
11
00
15
00
10
00
05
05
00
00
02
00
00
08
00
25
01
09
02
03
09
15
14
00
43
10
03
01
01
00
00
12
00
00
06
00
05
wages
00
ill
and
07
10
73
To paid for Cartridge, .......................................
To paid for Dyett,...........................................
To ye Sallary to ye Surveyr & writing master
05
OS
05
16
Colledge,.................................................
35
07
I..........
05
00
to
0......................
May 4th 1696.
To paid Labourers, ...........................................
To paid for Messages, ........................................
To paid Carpenters, ..........................................
To paid for Dyett............................................
To
To
To
To
To
paid
paid
paid
paid
paid
for Corn . ............................................
Sawyers, .............................................
for rubbing Stones, ..................................
for Dutch Collars, ...................................
for two hogsheads . ...................................
To
Cartridge, ................................................
To Cash advancd to hobt Harrison ye Carpenter, ...............
20
00
00
To Mr James
OZ
10
00
30
25
26
09
01
00
00
13
07
Sherlock
for Copys
10 Ordrs
of Councill,..........
June 9th 1696.
To paid
Labourers . ...........................................
To paid the Surveyrs Salary, .................................
To paid for Shells, ..........................................
To paid Bricklayers, .........................................
To paid for a Horse & some Small necessaries,
To Cartridge, ................................................
01
10
12
06
02
................
24
04
12
02
18
04
2043
To.
To brought from ye other Side . ...............................
To paid Sawyers, .............................................
2043
42
18
02
04
09
70
13
14
00
13
18
03
45
14
00
Augst 26th 1696.
To
To
To
To
paid
paid
paid
paid
Labourers . ...........................................
for Shells .......................
for Cartridge . .......................................
Sawyers, .............................................
I...................
71
05
�57.
d.
s.
To paid bricklayers . .....................................
27
07
06
To Cash advancd
40
00
00
02
to Robt Harrison
To paid for levies
To
the
Carpenter, ..........
00
Xbr 18th
06
00
00
00
15
00
00
02
00
190
17
11
41
00
27
18
09 1/ 4
04 1/,-,-
200
00
00
60
00
00
218
02
07 3/ 4
120
bric'_
kmoulds, .... .... ..
To paid for Ca.rtwheeles..................................
To paid for one hogshead & two Spades . ...................
To Forridge paid .........................................
01
02
bricklayers :...::......::..
08
00
for' 2' hired
03
1696.
To paid La.bourers........................................
To paid for bricks, ......................................
To paid for Shells,..... ..................................
To paid Sallary to yt Surveyr Clerk &
Surveyr. ..........
0
To Cash advancd to ye Carpenter . .........................
To paid Sawyers work, ....................................
To paid bricklayers, .....................................
1/ 2
To paid for brick moulds, ................................
00
09
11 1/ 2
06
To paid
for Cart wheeles.................................
02
00
00
To paid
Forridg &
00
05
00
00
08
06
01
02
00
08
01
00
11
00
00
horse
hire, ............................
To paid for one Paile & 3 bed Cords, ....................
0
To paid for fodder, ......................................
To paid Cartridge . .......................................
To paid for Corn . ........................................
feb
27th 1696- 17.
10
To paid
Richd
Mapps &
To the
Seal
papers
of the
as P Accot, ....................
Colledge. .............................
15
07 1/ 2
100
00
00
08
09
11
10
45
Savage, .........................................
books
06
05
32
To edvancd to ye Carpenters by bills of Excha, ...........
To
10
10
16
Labourers, ....... ................................
To
10
00
To paid for tarn ........................................
To paid for drum lines, ..........................
02
00
Savage . .......................................
22
00
00
To advaned to Thomas Hadley in England . ..................
40
00
00
22
00
00
00
05
05
To
To
Mr
Richd
Geo.
Cryer &
Samll
Baker
bricklayers, .................
To paid Mr Perry for Postidge
To
advancd
to
severall
wortkmen
of Letters . ................
in
England
P Mr
Perrys
Accot,................................... ............
To
To
To
To
137
00
00
25
paid Mr Mullikin Usher, ...............................
paid Mr Ingles School master, ..........
paid for Contracts wth workmen . .......................
2 bricklayers passages, ...............................
00
00
30
00
00
00
16
00
14
05
00
45
47
52
14
16
10
10
00
3 889
6..............
01
T
15 Apll 1697.
To
Shingles, .............................................
To
Cartridge, ............................................
To
Sawyers
worke,........................................
pE Contra.
S.
By their Ma.js Guift. ...................................
By money obtained of. the Privateers, ....................
By Mr Blair for 201i receid of Pococke 201i Errour in
Perrys
d.
accot......................................
1983
509
14
10
00
00
300
00
00
40
By Severall Donations in hands of the Treasurer,.........
Mr
03
00
00
By Severall Donations in the hands of Mr Perry &
c
Vizt. ................................................
By Mr Patrick Smith . ....................................
By Mr Micajah Perry, ... ... ...... ..... .....
06
00
00
50
00
00
01
�58
d.
s.
ByMr
Thomas
Lane . .....................................
By Mr Richd
Perry P George
50
By a Guinea of Jeffery Jefferys Esq to buy Bloomes
History of the Bible, ...............................
By
By
By
By
By
00
50
Richards . ...................
00
00
00
01
the Goverars of Marylands Excha. ....................
Collo Ludwells Donation . ............................
Mr Fouace Donation, .................................
Mr Edwards in Cash for tobacco . .....................
provision of the beefe P purveyr. ...................
10
00
100
00
00
40
00
00
10
00
00
01
02
06
37
11
00
3180
18
04
Cr.
Cr.
P
E.
brought
from
the
other
Side., .........................
31W
d.
s.
18
15-
04
Q
3716
13
07 3/ 4
170
08
02
3 889
01
10
P ba.11ance of ye Accot of revenue,
Rema.i.nes
due
to ball
this
Vera
The Colledge
537
acot.,
Copia
FRA.
Revenue
1
CLF4ENTS Ck Coll.
is Dr
E.
d.
s.
To bills paid to Mr President Blair in Colle Byrds accot
for one year & a halfe Sa.11ary preceeding-- march 1694-
15 ye first year at one hundred pounds afterwards at
one
hundred &
To bills
in Coll
fifty P annum-- according to Order,.....
Byrds
accot
to Mr Mongo
To Ditto in Mr Perry' s accot being for one year &
a
175
00
00
70
Ingles,........
00
00
half
Sallary at 8011 P anm as before . ....................
50
00
00
10
00
00
09
To paid Mr Craddock . ...................................
11
06
To Mr Benjn Harrison for ye Charge of laying out ye
tenn
water
thousand
acres
of land
on
the South
Side
black
Swamp . ........................................
314
11
06
537
15
03
852
06
09
s.
d.
03
06
07
210
08
03
37
89
05
09
07
09
By Coll Lear Ditto, ...................................
By Maryland as P Ar Perrys accot Vizt:
100
15
06 3/ 4
On
164
40
04
00
00
00
03
18
04
To ye ballance
accot
of this accot of ye Revenue,
Creditt
pr.
carried
of ye building . ......................
Contra.
Cr.
1695,
5 June- 125 Octr. £
By Coll Jennings accot of furrs & skinns in 1695,......
By Collo Hills Ditto . .................................
By Collo Lear Ditto, ..................................
By Collo Hill on ye Penny P pound,
Mr
Peter
to
Pagan . ....................................
Ditto on Dsvr Donnys..................................
Ditto pd in Cash as P Mr Blairs accot, ... & .............
Ditto for ye year 1696.
ByJames
Brownes
Excha.................................
08
11
00
09
60
00
00
00
00
77
02
09
154
13
09
852
By Geo. Muschamp Exch_.................................
By Geo. Plater' s Excha.................................
By Ditto Excha........................................
05
06
09 3/ 4
Ditto P Geo Muschamp Exchange, ........................
The
College
the
22th
of
April
Wm &
1697.
Marys Acct Transmitted by Sr Edm. Andros
Recd 21th June Read 20th Aug_ 1697.]
t
00
�59.
NICHOLSON
MSS.
Colonial
Inc.
Williamsburg,
Virginia
40
Bp.
London.
May it please
James City feb.
4. [
torn- ca. 1697?]
yr Lordp
Never any person in ye World had more just reasons of gratitude to [ torn....]
Lordp self: which makes me in a Labyrnth which way to acknowledge you, as
I am in duty bound: ...
And I hope yt God all mighty will be pleased to
enable me to discharge my duty to him, his Majesty, and yor Lordp in general,
to ye Royal College of Wm and Mary ( of which yor Lordp is ye most worthy
Mr Commissary Blayre and Mr Rector Fouace told me
Chancellour and patron)...
yt they would give yor Lordp a full account
I suppose
half,
yt with in a year &
of ye College,
there
will
and other Affairs; ...
a professor to send to ym yt are grimmer scholars now logick,
philosophy, &
c in yor Lordp College:
By which
be fit to live in Mr President Blayer,
attend to their duty,
meeting
THE
PRESENT
Mr.
Chilton.
O.
5,
mathematicks,
time I hope in God,
and Mr Rector Fouace,
will
give yor Lordp an account of yor College.
it
I
will
hope
About
this
God willing) write more fully to your Lordp at ye
of ye Trustees & Governrs which is designed to be ye 24th instant.
we
professour,
C.
illegible]
be ----[
Vol.
12
shall (
STATE
Reed
OF
VIRGINIA.
Octr
1309. [
Concerning
20th
Reed
1697. [
Photostat
Coll.
Hartwell,
Dr.
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE,
Colonial Wmsburg.,
the Colledg
In the year 1691 Coll.
from
Ms]
of William &
Blair
and
London.
Inc.]
Mary in Virginia
Nicolson being Lieutenant
Governr the general
Assembly considering the bad Circumstances of the Country for want of
40
Education for their Youth went upon a proposition of a Colledge to wch
they propose yt in this
they gave ye Name of the Willm & Mary Colledge
Colledge there shoud be three Schools viz a Gramnr School for teaching
Greek Tongues a Philosophy School for Philosophy & Mathematicks
and a Divinity School for the Oriental Tongues & Divinity for it was one
part of their Design yt this Colledge should be a Seminary for the Breeding
of Good Ministers wth wch they were but very indifferently
supply' d from
abroad,
they appointed what masters shoud be in each of these Schools, and
the
Latin &
what Salaries they should have for the Governmt and visitation of this
Colledge they appointed a Colledge Senate, which should be eighteen or any
They petitiond the King yt he would
other numbr not Exceeding twenty...
make these men Trustees for founding & Building this Colledge and Governing
it by such Rules & Statutes as they or ye Major part of them from time to
time should appoint Accordingly the King passd his Charter under ye great
seal of England for such a Colledge and Contributed very bountifully both
to the Building & Endowmt of it - toward ye Building he gave near two
Thousand pound in ready Casjl out of the Bank of Quit - Rents in which Governor
Nicholson
left at that time about four Thousand
five Hundred pounds
and
towards ye Endowmt the King gave ye neat produce of ye penny pr. pound in
Virginia & Mary - Land worth two Hundred pounds per Ann and the Surveyr
Genrals place worth about 50 lb. per Ann and ye Choice of ten thousand
Acres of Land in Panmuckey neck and ten thousand more on the South Side of
ye Black water Swamp which were Tracts of Land till yt time prohibited to
The General Assembly also gave ye Colledge a Duty on Skins
be taken up.
49
�Furrs worth better than 100 lb a Year & they got subscriptions
in
in Governor Nicholsons time for about 2500 lb. towards ye
Virginia
wth these
Building.
work but their Good
Beginnings
the Trustees
Governor who had been
of ye Colledge
went
to
the Greatest Incourager in
yt Country of this Design ( on wch he has laid out three Hundred & fifty
pounds of his own Mony) being at that time remov" d from them and another
They found
put in his place yt was of a quite different Spirit & temper.
their Business go on very Heavily & such difficulties in everything yt
prsently u=
aon Change of the Governor they had as many Enemies as ever they
had
friends
Such
a
Universal
Sway has a person of that Character
Influence &
The Gentlemen of ye Council who had been ye
in all affairs of yt Country.
forwardest to Subscribe were ye backwarrdest to pay, then every one was for
finding shifts to Evade & Elude their Subscriptions & the meaner people were
so influenc' d by their Countenance & Example ( men being easily perswaded to
keep their money) that there was not one penny got of their Subscriptions
nor paid of the old two thousand five Hundred pounds "
nor durst
Hundred pounds;
where
this
new
Governor &
but
they put the matter
to ye Hazard
his
to
about"
favourites
were
be
their
five
of a Law Suit
Judges.
Thus
it
was with ye funds for Building And they far' d little better wth the funds
for
Endowmts...
but the Trustees of the Colledge
being En courag' d with a
Gratious letter ye King wrot to ye Governor to Encourage ye Colledge &
remove
all
the
obstructions
of
it
went
to
work
to
and "
carried up one halfe of
ye Design! d Quadrangle of Building advancing Money out of their own pockets
where the Donations fell short.
They founded their Grammar School which is
in a very thriving way" & having the clear right & title to the Land would
not be baffled
Governmt
in yt point but have Struggled wth the gre,>. est Man in ye
t
Governor i. e. Mr Secretary Wormley who pretends to have
next
the
a grant — future for no less than thirteen
in
Land
in
Pamuncke
neck.
Thousand Acres of the best
the cause is not yet decided only Mr Secretary
has again stopt the Chaine wch it is not likely he would do if he did not
know yt he should be supported in it.
The collectors of the penny pr.
pound likewise are very remiss in laying their Accounts before the
Governors of the Colledge according to ye Instructions of the Commissioners
of the Customs So yt illegal " trade is carried on and some of these Gentlemen refuse to give any account upon oath."
This is the present state of
ye Colledge it is honestly & Zealously carried on by the Trustees but
is in danger of being ruined by the backwardness of the Government.
Hen:
William
Hartwell
Stevens
HISTORICAL
VIRGINIA (
18
Blair
E.
Chilton
Perry
COLLECTIONS
Hartford:
RELATING
1870)
A ME4ORIP. L concerning
p.
James
pp.
TO THE AMERICAN
COLONIAL
CHURCH -
Vol.
I -
10- 29
SIR EDMUND
ANDROS,
Governor
of
Virginia,
By Dr Blair.
1.
How he prefers
2.
How he has
3.
How great difficulties the College has met with in possessing
4.
themselves of Land kiven them by the King.
How the Blackwater and Pamunky neck were laid
their
the College' s Enemies,
given
nothing
himself,
and
slights
its
friends.
and his friends refused to pay
subscriptions.
open
to all mankind.
�61.
How they
5.
threw
out a Bill ( this last Assembly,
the payment of subscriptions
1696)
facilitating
to
for
the
College.
6.
How tha disappoint the Governors of the College of meetings.
7.
How
8.
I*
What
the Auditing
the Accounts
contrivances
coming
to
Mr
to
the
have
been
College
of the Penny
Hinder
meetings,
per pound
is hindered.
Governor Nicholson
with
some
from
discouragement
Blair.
For details of these complaints
Ibid pp.
to
historical
see Perry,
Collections &
c]
18- 29.
Sir Edmund
pndros' s conduct
with
relation
to
the
College
of William &
Mary.
1697.]
p.
191 ...
2.
Notwithstanding his Majesty' s express commend to the Governor ( by
a. Letter for that purpose) that he should use his utmost Ehdeavors to carry
on
the
College,
and. to remove all obstructions of so good a worm; ...
he [
Gov.
Andros]
shows a stiffness and obstinacy in opposing it that it is altogether
unaccountable.
There has not been one farthing given to it in his time,
neither by himself nor none of his friends; nor will they so much as pay the
that of near
subscriptions they made to it in Govr Nicholson' s time...
E3000 then subscribed,
there is paid but about 500, ...
WILLIAM &
MARY COLLEGE
QUARTEILY,
Second
Series,
Vol.
X,
p.
66- 6r
1697
PRESENT RULES AIVL' METHODS settled and agreed on by us Richard Earle of
Burlington and Henry Lord. Bishop of London, for the disposition of the Rents
and proffits of the Mannor of Brafferton in the County of York towards the
Propagateing
the Gospell
in Virginia...
1) First All the yearly Rents and proffits of the said Mannor of Brafferton
as well those incurred due since the purchase thereof as which shall hereafter grow due ( after the deduccon thereout of ninety pounds a yeare to the
Colledge for propagateing the Gospell in New England and other necessary and
incident
charges)
shall
be by the present
and future Receivors
of the Rents
thereof paid into the Hands of Micajah Perry of London Merchant Agent in
London for the President and Masters of the Colledge of William and Mary in
Virginia and to all future Agent or Agents in England
in Order
to
the
Colledge...
I)
Said
Transmitt
the
same
to
Virginia
to
the
for the said Colledge
President
end Masters
of
for the purposes hereafter menconed...
Secondly all Summe and. Summs of money already and that shall hereafter
be received
out
of the
hereafter remitted
time being.
said iviannor
to the President
Subject
to deduccons
and Masters
of the
aforesaid)
shall
said Colledge
be
for the
�62.
4)
The said President
and Piasters
and his and their Successors
shall
keep att the said Colledge soe many Indian Children in Sicknesse and
health in Meat drink Washing, Lodgeing Cloa.thes Medicines books and
Educacon from the first beginning of Letters till they are ready to
receive Orders and be '
K ught Sufficient to be sent abroad to preach
and Convert the Indians at the rate of fourteen pounds per Annum for
every
the
such
Child,
deduccons
as the yearly income
aforesaid)
shall
amount
of the premisses (
Subject to
unto:
5)
That the care instruccon and Education
hereafter placed in the said Colledge shall
of such Children as shall be
be left to the President and
Masters thereof for the time being but yett subject therein ( as they are
for all their other Trusts to the Visitacon or inspeccon of the Rector and
Governors of the said Colledge for the time being
6)
That the Said President and Masters...
shall once every yeare transmitt
to the Earle of Burlington and the Lord Bishopp of London...
a perticula.r
accompt of what Summe or Summes of money they tih, ll hereafter receive...
alsoe
layout
or expend ...
and the occasion
or occasions
thereof
as
as a.lsoe
the number and names of the Indian Children that shall be hereafter brought
into the said Colledge together with their Progresse or proficiency in their
Studies...
8)
And that the name of Benefactor
may not be forgotten
wee...
61irect
and
appoint that the said Charity Shall be hereafter called the Charity of the
Honble.
Robert Boyle of the City of London deceased:
In witnesse
whereof
wee have hereunto sett our hands and Seales the. one and tweritieth day of
December...
1697
Burlington
IBID,
From
3rd Series,
Ms.
Vol.
II ( 1945)
H.
pp.
London
54- 56
in Huntington Library in William Byrd' s handwriting.]
A Vindication of Sir Edmond Andros before the Arch Bishop of Canturbury and
the Bishop of London at Lambeth by Mr Byrd anno 1697.
My Lords
Sir Edmund Andros having been thus unfairly misrepresented,
that I must
beg leave as a Friend to Truth to appear in his Justification....
the
I give some Instances of Sir Edmunds positive endeavours to promote
Interest
of the Colledge; ...
nobody coud more earnestly recommend any
Affair than he did. the Interest of the Colledge to the assembly in October
1693,
and not only so, but also employd his utmost Influence for passing the
act for laying an Imposition on furrs and Skins, which one year with an other
brings in about 100 pounds to the Colledge. And again in Aprill 1695 which was
the next meeting of the assembly Sir Edmund in his speech to the house of
Burgesses,
did particularly inforce the encouragement of the Colledge telling
them very pathetically,
an
undertakeing.
session...
how much they were all concernd to advance so beneficial
And then again in September 1696,
which wes the succeeding
Sir Edmund inculcated the same with a great deale of vehemency...
nor did. Sir Edmund only thus public uely advance the Interest of the Colledge,
�63.
but did likewise frecuently desire the Trustees,
that if they knew any
wherein he might be serviceable to them, they would please to let
thing,
him understand it, and it should be done.
And in June,
1696, he very
generously would have presented them with bricks sufficient to Build a
Chappel,
and gave an order to Mr Auditor Byrd bearing Date the first of
July, to pay the mony upon the first demand, but it seems the Trustees
thought convenient, not to undertake
the Chappell,
till they shoud have
finisht the other parts of the works for fear of a deficiency in their
Fond.
For this Reason they were willing to suspend the acceptance of
Sir Edmunds gift till a more favourable opportunity.
Now My Lords I cant forbear rema.rq_
uing the unfair turn [ 14rr Blair has
his Excellencys generosity in this matter, by insinuating that he
given]
offerd
bricks indeed
for a blind since the Kings recommendatory
letters
the
Lordships will
pardon
lastyear, but
never would be perswaded to deliver them. Your
first Sir Edmund had
me if I say this is untrue in both particulars, for
given order to pay for the bricks before his Reciept of his Majestys Letter:
ind
was
with a
then when he was plea. sd to make the offer [ it]
of giveing ' em, as
appears from his order to pay for them. but
imagind
it not yet a time to undertake the
upon a full_ Inquiry
into [
the]
Article
of
Complaint
building of
it
will
be
full
intention
the
Trustees
a Chap el. So
found,
that
Mr
Blair has greatly injurd Sir Edmund Andros by culling him an Adversary to
the
College,
when
he has so manifestly, so
it upon all occasions. However
my
eminently ar_perpetual y promoted
d so
Lords that
he mtght have
some
coulour
for his Insinuations Concerning Sir Edmunds opposeing the Colledge, he.
woud fain make believe, that
he was the Cause why some gentlemen of the Council
and others did not pay in their Subscriptions, whereby the building of
the College was retarded. ... The
case
of
be
built,
my Lords was this. Mr
Blair is by the things Charter appointed President
the Colledge, and
is thereby authorizd after the said Colledge shoud
erected,
finisht
pounds a year. But
and
furnisht,
to
receive for his Salary 150
contrary to the express words of the Charter, he
most unjustifiably taken his salary ever since the year 1693, except
has
only
that he was so exceeding generous as to take no more than one Hundred the
first year. Now
which
this conversion of so much mony to his own private use,
woud and ought to have been employd towards the Building of the Colledge,
gave
People such a general dissatisfaction, that
they grew unwilling
to pay in their subscription since they apprehended them so shameful y
misapplyd.
This
now my Lords is the true Reason why People did not
make their payments as their woud otherwise have done, and
to my certain knowledge,
two;.
s the Cause of many mens aversion to that good design. All
this Mr Blair woud shift off from himself and lay' s it to the door of
Sir
Edmund
Andros... William
Stevens Perry HISTONICAL
COLLECTIOtiS
RELATING
Hartford:
1870),
true Account
of
TO
pp.
36-
THE iiviERICA; COLODIPL
a Conference at
I
of Cantebury] C.
we
are met, I
CHURCH, Vol.
I
Virginia. (
65 A
Lambeth, Dec. _
7,
sup ose we
all
1697.
Archbishop
understand for
am sorry to hear of the differences in
now ye will freely discourse the matter.
what business
Virginia. I
hope
�64.
My Lord, I understand Mr Blair has accused Sr
By.
Edmund Andros to Your Grace and to my Lord of London concerning several
things relating to the College of Virginia...
Archbishop of CanteburyJ C. Nay I must say this for Mr Blair that
I Taal heard
that
he has not accused Sir Edmund nor no other person to me.
If I remember
he discouraged the College long before Mr Blair came over.
right,
the first time I heard it was upon occasion of Mr Boyle' s Legacy,...
one of the executors,
I did often tall-, with one Mr War,
who was a very honest
Mr.
Byrd'
man and z great well- wisheryto the College of Virginia...
and
chief
discouraged
objection
to that was
that
the Governor
of Virginia
he
told. me
the
the
I cannot deny that Mr
it would come to nothing.
Blair has talked with me of these matters; but it has been more in answering
accusations against himself than in accusing anybody, and therefore I would
two of which I
desire him in the first place to answer those objections...
One
is,
that he has filled the Church enc_ the College
do at present remember.
with Scotchmen...
The other is that he has misapplied and squandered away the
College
and he was afraid
money that should have gone to the building of the College. ...
J* Mr.
[
Ryrdj By.
p.
40
to
say egainst
it
is
as to the second point, the thing we have
that he has taken Yearly the president' s
The first year indeed, he took but £ 100 which was
Salary £ 150 a Year.
Now,
conscientious,
but after that, he has taken the whole E150.
my Lord,
by the charter the whole Revenue, the penny a pound and everything else, is to
till the College is finished. and then
go towards the building and furnishing,
to
be
My Lord,
Blair
Mr.
transferred
is
to
this,
the
they are to have nothing.
Mr.
B1.
Blair]
My Lord,
President
and
my answer
Plasters.
to this
But
shall
in
the
mean
time
Mr.
be very short.
Byrd says the whole revenues are by the Charter to go solely towards
Building.
This I positively deny.
For there is nothing but the read7 money,
viz: £ 1985
14s
10d which was appointed to be applied solely towards the
But
building.
Surveyor
is actually
the
all
the
General':
Order
rest
viz:
the penny a pound, the Land, and the
is to go for s.11 other uses of the College till it
erected,
and established. ...
And indeed,
my Lord., by
place
founded,
of Council
upon
ti,-hich
the
Charter
was
to
be drawn,
it appears
that
the Revenues were given solely for the maintenance of the President and
Masters...
But upon my acquainting Mr. Lowndes of the Treasury, who helped
to draw the Charter, that at present we were only to have a president and a
Grammar
Schoolmaster
a year... "
What"
and an Usher and that their
says
he... "...
salaries
came
but to £
shall become of the rest?"... " I
had better give a power to the Governors
of your College
280
thin:-, you
to bestow
this
money not only for maintenance of President and Masters but for building,
furnishing,
buying
books,
motion and accordingly
or any other use about the College."
the Charter was drawn giving
I
liked
this
them power to put these
Revenues to all uses whatsoever about the College till it should be actually
erected,
founded,
and established,
but so that still the chargers of founding
the College consisting of a President and six Masters were actually included.
And
for
this
on
I appeal
this
the Arch. Bishop
examine
U
the
Mr.
the
Charter.
Byrd began to read the gift of a. penny a pound...
said:
Chaster...
to
C.
Then
I perceive it will take a long time to read and
I have been told,
But pray let me : mow one thing...
�65.
that
that
obliged IN'ir. Blair to quit a Living
distance and to come and attend the
the Governor of the College
he had at some considerable
business
of
salary.
Pray,
the
BI.
Blair]
If so they could not expect but he must have
College.
Sir, (
me president of
to
Blair)
Mr.
tell
us
in
short
how
that
was.
My Lord, after the general Assembly of Virginiahad chosen
I was named first pres- ident
the College, accordingly
had the Right and Title to
tho' I
in the Chaster... But
the president'
I thought in good conscience I was bound to take
none of it till I came to give attendance and do the duty of a president.
purusence of this at the very first Meeting of the Governors
In
s salary. yet
of
the
told
College... I
good Living where
I
have a good plantation and
them... I
at Henrico - and
am - up
I
am
inducted
into
a
it. I
wil stay there and not put you to one farthing charge till you shall say
my
the attendance of a president is necessary at the College. Whereupon,
was L1. free debate upon the subject and they agreed upon this...
Lord., there
I was not at the head of it they were afraid it would still come
if
to nothing and
therefore voted
that
I should presently
leave
and remove myself to the place where the College should
my Parish
be built... Accordingly
my
Lord I gave up my Induction and as soon as I could get an
removed to the place appointed for the building of
the College and have ever since given all due attendance upon the business
house to
live in, I
of
it...
Byrd]
By.
is
Lord, this
My
the reason men
give for
not paying their
subscriptions. ... Blair]
lily
Bl.
a
subscriptions,
distinct account
for
were
still
there was always
is a. very strange reason, for
Lord, this
kept both of the King' s money gift and of all the
Salaries
all these went solely to the building... The
paid
out
of
the
Revenue
and
what
was
of
the
Revenue
over
and above the Salaries was thrown into the Building too. Cantebury]
Well
I think we
C.
would proceed to so- aething else. Byrd]
have
heard
enough
of
this. I
wish
ye
By
must desire Mr. Blair
Then, My Lord., I
to say what he has
to say against Sir Edmund Andros about his obstructing the business of
the
College. Blair]
BI.
of
the
Lord, it
is a pret y hard task for me who am a subject
I think it is my duty to acquaint your Grace with
bad. state of the affairs of the College... I
shall begin with the business of the Subscriptions towards
When
subscriptions
My
Virginia.... But
Governor
for
Nicholson
left
near £ 3000.
In
the
that
Government
of
Gentleman' s
Virginia.
the building.
there
time [ Gov.
Andros]
the 3000 pound Subscription
has not been a subscription for one penny. Of
there is come in but about 500 and some odd pounds. ...Not
were
there
only
Lord, but
the Governor of the College presented a Bill to the general
assembly for facilitating the payment of the Subscriptions towards
the
these
Gentlemen, in
building of the College... But...
presence of the Governor,
fell
a quar el ing with the Bill and ...
very
unfairly threw out
so, My
�66.
the Bill without so much as giving it a hazard in the House of Burgesses.
So that, my Lord,' with much ado we have got the roof on but half of
the Building, the other half we have not meddled with, and ' now we shall
finish
what we have built I cannot tell.
C.
54)• LCa.nterbury]
I confess it is a, very ill sign, that a Governor
But
encourages the thing with others if he gives nothing to it himself.
I think I have been told that he gave Bricks towards building the Chapel.
Byrd] By.
My Lord, Sr Edmund [ Andros]
did really give an Order
to my Father, if the Uovernors of the College would carry up the Chapel,
But the Governors
of the College
slighted
it, and
to pay for the Bricks.
told him they had no money to carry up the Chapel.
But I am very certain
thc.t the Governor gave such an Order to my Father, and here is the Copy of
P.
it.
It was writ home
to us,
John Povey] P.
and we took it for granted
that he had given the Bricks.
Blair] Bl.
No,
Sir,
he never gave a Brick.
But Mr.
Byrd says he brill engage for him that he
Canterbury] C.
shall give the Bricks still.
Byrd]
My Lord, I will, for here is the Order still.
By.
Blair]
B1.
I find it has been very confidently reported that
the reason why he had not given these bricks was that the College slighted
Now,
the Gift.
my Lord, I know all the parts of that story so well thGt
if Your Grace would please to hear it, it would appear so plain as day-
light that the College were so far from slighting that they accepted of
that
Gift
in
the
thankfullest
Let
Canterbury] ...
Blair] Bl.
My Lord,
of Virginia
for
England,
manner -
us
but yet could not have the Bricks.
have
Sir.
there
it,
was a West
which occasioned
country
fleet a going
out
that this Gentleman' s father,
Collonel Byrd,
While
was down at a place called Kirkotan [ Kincotan?] ...
he was there he received this Order concerning bricks that Mr. Byrd
speaks
wrote
of,
upon
wrath
Col.
Byrd and
some
others
of the
Governor' s friends
t=
e for htjand that the Governor had given the bricks; but all the
As Colonel
Byrd returned
while the College knew nothing of the bricks.
to his own house,
he ( fid me the favor to make
my house being in his way,
me
a
told
Visit.
me...
I was then sick.
Among other News concerning that fleet he
that the Governor was becoming a friend to the College, and
with that he pulled out a. Letter out of his pocket,
of this Letter Mr.
should
speaks
of',
wherein
the Original
ordered
him,
I
suppose
if the College
together with the rest of the Building, to pay
said Chapel, I told him I was very glad of
I asked him likewise if I might say any thing of it. He told me
the bricks
of the
that I might tell it to any of the Trustees
happen
he
carry up the Chapel
for making
it...
Byrd
to
of the College
that I should
see,
but that the Governor would take his own way to propose
it to them at their meeting, so I talked of it to any of these Gentlemen
and I told them we should hear more of it at the next meeting of the
Committee.
Canterbury]
B1E. ir]
Bl.
C.
What
Committee?
My Lora, this Committee was made up of the Rector and
five or six of the Governors of the College that lived nearest the place,
who met usually once a. Month at the College to inspect the carrying on
0
�67.
But,
of the Building.
for
indeed,
I was
so
that
Committee
of a fever
and ague
my Lord,
sick
came,
I
was
that I could
not
at
it
not stir
But I was strangely surprised to unclerstand that there
was no such proposition made to them and so no mention of it. Upon
abroad. ...
this I spake
to Mr.
the Surveyor of our Building,
Hadley,
who
was
pretty well in favor with the Governor end desired him to wait upon
His Excellency and to let him know that Colonel Byrd had acquainted
me with His Excellency' s design of giving Bricks for the Chapel, and
that
I was
in
ropes
the
Governors
of
the
College
should
have
heard
for it was only they that could
something of it at their last Meeting,
determine whether they could carry up the Chapel together with the
test of the Building;
but since nothing
was said of it to them I
Hadley would try whether His Excellency would give
The Answer
him leave to propose it to them at their next meeting.
Mr.
Hadley brought me was, that the Governor still talked of giving
desired
the
that
but that he found he was not willing that I should meddle
So,
my Lord, the time went on and we heard no more
Bricks,
with
it
Mr.
at
all.
of this gift till at last there being to be another Committee about
the latter end. of July last year, I urged Mr. Hadley to wait upon the
Governor again anti to represent to him that the Season of the year was
so far advanced that if the Bricks were not made very speedily they
could not be made that year and therefore beEged of him that if he
would not give me leave to make the proposition to the Committee, that
he would employ him to whom he had talked so much of this gift to do
it that
we might
order
the
Bric. cs
to
be
made
with
all
Upon
expedition.
Hadley waited again upon the Governor and whet passed between
but Mr.
do not - mow,
Hadley told me with an abundance of joy
this Mr.
them
I
to mate the proposition about the Bricks
that he had now got leave...
to the next Committee.
And accordingly at the next Committee where I
was present, he acquainted the Governors of the College that he had
Orders from His Excellency to propose to them that if they would carry
up the Chapel together with the rest of the Building, he would pay for
the Bricks that should go to the Building of the Chapel at the rate
they had given to Colonel Park for their other Bricks, viz: 14sh.
thous,cmd.
Upon this proposition the Governors of the College presently
a
ordered
pore
number,
viz:
Brickma: kers to be set to work and appointed two of their
Mr.
Edwards and myself, to wait upon the Governor
one
next day to return him their hearty thanks for this generous proffer
and to aevuaint him that they had resolved immediately to comply with
it and for that end had set up another Stool of Bricks and would lay the
foundation
of
next day Mr.
the
Chapel
Edwards
and
with
all
I went
expedition. ...
and waited
Accordingly,
on the
Governor
It fell to my turn being the eldest in Commission
Governor the compliment.
I
did
it
as
well
as
I
could,
my Lord,
at his House
to make the
telling
him that
Hadley having yesterday in his Excellency' s name made a generous
proposition to the College, viz: that if they would go upon the Chapel
Mr.
His Excellency would. pay for they Bricks;
had
ordered
most hearty
The
Governors
of
the
College
Edw.. rds and myself to wait upon him to return their
and to acquaint him that in compliance with it,
thanks...
Mr.
they had ordered a new Stool of Bricks
to be set up and the=. they would
t
�68.
40
lay the foundation of the Chapel with all expedition and carry it up as
high above ground before Winter as the season and weather would permit.
My Lord, he heard me with a strange gravity in his countenance and when
I had
I,
done... (
says
he),
Sir, said
Hadley.
Hadley should do such a thing without
I gave
no
it is very strange that Mr.
I
orders.
confess
your Excellency
Colonel
I
had
was upon
Byrd.
Yes,
says
not
the
such
least
order
doubt
to Mr.
of
his
orders
for
I
knew
such a thing before I heard first of it from
I gave Orders to Colonel Byrd about it and
he,
I desired him to speak to you of it and I believe he did speak to you;
but you thought it not worth your while to mind it then.
Now you may
take your own course.
I first made an apology for myself confessing
indeed that Colonel Byrd told me of the thing as a piece of News...
that he told me his Excellency would take his own way to propose it
to
the
Governors
of
the
College.
I told him likewise
saw the thing was delayed I had sent Mr.
Hadley
how that after I
to his Excellency
and
the answer he brought me was that he found his Excellency did not care
that
I
should - meddle
in
it. ...
I endeavored yet to bring him to the
I hoped his Excellency would not on that account
retract his designed bounty to the College...
he grew hot upon it as if
This
we had really slighted him and told us we should not have a Brick.
thing telling him...
is
the
true
account
Byrd]
is
the
of
that
matter. ...
It was your own fault that you had them not for here
By.
Order.
C.
Canterbury]
But if that Order never came regularly before
them what could they do.
n
U
JOUPdIALLS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES 1695- 1702
123
p.
Saturday
October
Resolved.
hath made upon
the lst 1698
That the Return which the Sherriff of James City County
the Writ
for Election
of a Burgess
to Serve
assembly for the Colledge of William & Mary is a good &
in this
Sufficient
Returne.
LEGISLATIVE
Vol.
I,
Saterday
p.
JOURNALS
OF THE COUNCIL
OF COLONIAL
VIRGINIA,
258- 9
Aprill
the
29th
1699
Post Merediem.
Ordered that the Clerk of the Generall Assembly doe goe to the House
of Burgesses and Comand their Imediate Attendance upon his Excellency
in
Councill
in
the
Great
Hall.
The Burgesses Attending,
himself in Manner following.
his Excellency was pleased
to Express
Gentlemen
I am Sorry you have
Spent
soe much time and Cannot
agree
upon a
�69.
but Since
Speaker,
it hath soe happened,
I desire
your Company
ia,
Monday Next at the Colledge of William and Mary in GiL
recomend
it to you to Adjourne
The Council Adjourned
NICHOLSON
PAPERS -
S. P. G.
on
and
Accordingly.
till Tuesday Morning ten of the Clock.
Mss.
The 3d
Col.
Inc.
ldmsbg.
Speech
Speeches made by students at May Day Celebration ( May 1, 1699) held
College
of Willi, -. & Mary.
an
Celebration was sponsored by Gov.
Nicholson,
in an effort to persuade the Assembly to move the capital
was
This 113d Speech"
of the Virginia Colony to Middle Plantation.
later sent to the Burgesses,
and read in the House on May 18, 1699.
at
See Journals of the House of Burgesses,
1695-- 1702,
135,
P.
p.
167.
MMG]
e
II.
a
The
Town, and
advantages
the
College, ...
which
arise
from
the
mutual
relation
between
First that the Colledge will help to make the Town...
The very
numbers of the Colledge who will be obliged to reside at this place
viz the president and Masters with all their Servants and attendants,
the Scholars,
with such servants as will be necessary for the kitchin,
Gardens,
wooding,
and all other uses will make up above 100
Buttery,
Besides the
persons to be constantly supply' d at this markett. ...
College being not yet finish' d will employ in builders and Labourers
very considerable number; and it is easily to be foreseen that the
prime Youth of the Country being here, it will occasion a great resort
hither of parents and other friends...
a
Lath
Speech.
And. here I must not omnitt the generosity of the two famous
Bishops
of London &
Sarum,
who
has
broke
the
Ice
to
the
other
Bishops,
in makeing a noble present of well chosen bookes to our Library,
ing hereby to take
care that our Youth be well
seasoned
intend-
with the best
principles of Religion and Learning that can be taught by the most
sound &
Orthodox
Divines...
ye 5th Speech
Ye have heard briefly of the Excellency and Utility of Learning;
of the advantages of haveing it here at home; of the great assistance
the contriveing a good Town at this place, would be to the Colledge;
and
there
has
been
made
an honourable
mention
of
our
Benefactors, ...
for this stately Structure, the Ornament of our Countrey;
Donations and yearly Revenues conferred on the Colledge; ...
and
for
the
�70.
JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES
P.
1695- 1702
138
Wednes_ y Mav the 3d 1699.
da_
Upon Consideration of the report of the Comittee concerning the
Writt directed to the Sheriff of James City County for Electing a
Burgess for ye Colledge of William and Mary but no returne of a Burgess
made
thereupon.
Resolved
That
the
Returne
of
the
Sheriff
Endorsed
on
the
writt
wth the reasons rendred by Mr President Blaire and Mr Mongo InEles
are a good and Sufficient Returne by the Sheriff.
IBID,
135
P.
Wednesday
ky the 3d 1699
Asmessage
from his Excell.2Z by Mr Harrison
Mr Speaker.
According
Speech
which
Honorable
I have brought a Copy of his Excellencys
to yor Desire...
was delivered
in at the
Clarks
Table
and
read
as
followeth
Gentlemen
Before I speake to you of business I can' t but take notice of the
great goodness of Almighty God in continueing to us Such a well Setled
and of the Obligations lying upon us to his most gratious Maijtie
peace,
ffor this and other Blessings I did not in the least
King William ...
doubt but that you would very readily and heartily Joyne with mee in
a Publick day of rejoyceing, which I invited you to keep
being _May day) and Gentlemen for your soe Boeing I take
it kindly.
The most propper place on that occasion I concluded to be
at his Majesties Royall Colledge of William and Mary where you might
be not only Eye Witnesses of one of his Majestie' s Royall Bountys and
favours to this his most antient and great Colony and Dominion of
Solemnizeing
as
Yesterday (
Virginia,
but alsoe Judges of the Improvement of your Youth in Learning
and Education and I hope in God that you were Satisfyed as to both.
Fra:
IBID,
p.
H.
R.
Nicholson
ed.
Picllwaine,
165
Wednesday May the 17th 1699.
Mr• James
Mr John
Hodges
Blaire
Usher
William and Mary ...
President
and four
Mr Mongo Ingles
of
presented
the
Scholars
an Address
of
humanity Professor
the
Royall
and
Colledge
of
to the House which was read cis
followeth
Wee the President
Masters
and Scholars
of the Royall
Colledge
of
William and Mary in Virginia being Deeply Senceible of the Great hour
�71.
lately conferred on this Colledge by the honble house of Burgesses first
in Graceing Our Scholastick Exercises with yor owne Countenance and
presence on May day last And then in giveing So favourable a Judgment
and Charecter
IBID,
pp.
of the proficiency
of our Youth
in their
Studies....
166- 7
Thursday May lgth 1699.
Nicholson°
Gov.
s
Speech - to
the
House
of
Burgesses]
Sirs
It is very much to my content that you had not only the Satisfaction
of being Spectators of his Majesties Royall Favours and Bounty to this
Country bestowd upon the Colledge but also that you had the felicity of
being Judges
in
Literature
and Ear Witnesses
and
Knowledge &
of the great
Improvement
of your Youth
c
You having desired me to continue my favour in Generall to his
but particularly to the Colledge is another very
Majesties Colony...
great Obligation upon me for my using all Lawfull wayes and meanes for
the promoteing
and Supporting
the good of them,
and therefore
I do now
cordially recomend tq you the placeing Yor Publick Building...
somewhere
at Middle Plantation nigh his Majesties Royall Colledg of William and
Mary which I think will tend to...
the welfare and Prosperity of yor
Country in Generall and of the Colledge in particular and will be a
greater kindness then if you had given two thousand pounds for the Use
of
it.
William Stevens Perry
HISTORICAL
Vol.
I -
Letter
COLLECTIONS
VIRGINIA (
of Mr.
RELATING
Hartford:
TO
1870)
THE
AMERICAN
pp.
66- 7 .
COLONIAL
Also
CHURCH.
Nicholson
Mss.
C. Y.
I.
John Locke to Commissary James Blair]
London,
16 Octr
199
Sr
I would be
I. hope the College grows & flourishes under your care.
glad to know whether you carried over with you a Baroscope & Thermoscope
from hence when you went over last, for I think a constant registar of the
air kept there would not be only of general use to the improvement of
natural philosophy but might be of particular advantage to the plantation
itself by observations to be made on the changes of the air.
I should receive
I know your country has many natural curiosities...
The General Assembly which began at James City on 4pril 27,
1699,
considered the matter of moving the capital from Jamestmm tt Middle- Kantati nV} snd an. Fact directing " the Building of the Capitol and the City
of Williamsburg" finally gr,.ined the assent of the House of Burgesses on
1699, the CcLmcil agreeing to several amendments on the same d,,Zr.
June 7,
Journal s of the House of Burgesses of Vir7iniaA 1695- 1702, p- ges 1^ 9- 200.
�72.
as an obligation
curious
from you more particularly all seeds of all strange
amongst other things you will do me a favor to
plants...
send me a plentifull
stock of peach stones of your best sorts of
peaches.
I
am
Sir, & c,
&
c.,
JOHN
William
Stevens
LOCKE
Perry
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS RELATING TO THE Ai ERICAN COLONIAL CHURCH,
Vol.
VIRGINIA
I -
James Blair
Mr.
1870,
Hartford:
pp.
to the Archbishop
112- 113
of Canterbury.]
in Virginia
Williamsburg,
1699/ 1700.
FebZ 12,
The subscriptions
in
next
that were made to our College
do now come
so that we are in hopes of having it quite finished before
apace,
Winter. ...
I• must continue to beg, that if it lies in your Grace' s way you
and help our College
will encourage our New City of Williamsburg,
library.
THE
LONDON
POST
BOY
Tuesday - March 19, 1700; Thursday Note by Mr. Lawrence Kocher]
Some letters
from Virginia
March
21,
1700.
that the University which
tell us,
has been lately founded there by the Government of that Province, is
so crowded with Students, that they begin to think of enlarging the
College,
send
for it seems divers from Pensilvania,
their
sons
thither
to
CALENDAR OF STATE PAPERS,
1700 (
34.9. [
London:
1910)
and
Carolina,
be educated."
COLONIAL
Cecil
Headlam,
SERIES,
ed.
AME-t.ICA &
p.
WEST INDIES
190.
Extract
Enclosed to Council of Trade from Earl of Jersey]
April 16, 1700, to the
of a letter from Bishop of London,
Earl of Jersey, to know " His Majesty' s Pleasure ( i)...
ii)
that His Majesty would be pleased to grant a letter to
the Governor of Virginia
of His Majesty' s College
E
Maryland
for the carrying on of the building
there;
�73.
PAPERS
RELATING
AGAINST
FRANCIS
Wm. &
Mary Col.]
An Account
and
TO AN AFFIDAVIT
NICHOLSON,
Jeffery
in
Jeffereys,
H.
R.
20.
Esq;
Miles
McIlwaine,
1927),
At James
BLAIR...
Photostat
building
William and Mary College,
1
10
0
Cary.
ed.
JOURNALS
Richmond:
towards
One Guinea to buy Bloom' s
of the Bible [£]
1700.
EXECUTIVE
JAMES
1727.
London:
England.
History
April
Publ.
49
p.
of the Money given
received
MADE BY HIS REVERENCE
ESQ... [
OF
THE
Vol.
Citty
COUNCIL
II,
April
OF
COLONIAL
VIRGINIA
51
P.
24 1700
The Trustees and Governours of the Colledge of William and Mary
in Virginia having made an offer to His Excellency and the Councill of
whatsoever Roomes within
the said Colledge
shall be wanted for the use
of the Country to hold their Generall Meetings and Assemblyes till the
Capitoll be built and fitted for that purpose, it is thereupon resolved
and accordingly ordered, that the present Generall Court ( at the end
thereof)
shall be adjourned
IBID,
74
p.
to
sitt at the said Clledge in October next.
At a Councill held at James Citty.
May the 22 1700
e .
Ordered
that ye Commander
in Cheif of the Militia
and the Sheriff
of James City County ( by such means as they think Cheapest and easiest
do cause Six of ye smallest Pieces of Ordnance now at James Town to be
carryed to ye City of Williamsburgh
together with ye great Shott and
all other things belonging to ye Gunners Stores ( except ye Powder) the
said Peices of Ordnance and the Shott to be laid down upon or near ye
place designed for building the Capitoll and ye other things to be
lodged in some Convenient place in ye Colledge of William and Mary in
Virginia.
William Stevens Perry
HISTORICAL
Vol.
I -
COLLECTIONS
VIRGINIA (
Governor Nicholson
RELATING
Hartford:
TO THE AMERICAN
1870)
pp.
to the Archbishop
COLONIAL
120- 121
of Canterbury.]
CHURCH.
�74.
Virginia,
e
James
Town,
1700
May 27,
s
I
shall
have &
recommend
to the Committee
for revising
the laws,
the Act for Religion, & c as also to the Assembly when they meet,
is designed,
God willing,
in Septr next,4 I will not be wanting,
which
as
to recommend to them his Majesty' s Royal College,
presents,
I hope in God to have good success in it, for in order to it we have
opportunity
let them have the use of some part of the College for them to sit in,
I hope that your Grace will
as also for the general court in Octr.
pardon our high presumption in electing your Grace Chancellor of his
Majesty' s royall
applaud
our
College
of Willm &
Mary.
But
all
the
world
must
The other day we were to have had a general
Choice...
but we wanted
one to make
of the College,
meeting of the Govrs & c.,
a major part; the principal business was about writing to your Grace,
for a person oualified to be both Mathematic & Philosophy Professor,
which considering the infancy of the College, we hope may be managed
by one person, his Salary is to be £ 80 per Ann. & 20s. for each
for such an one begins to be much wanted, there being only a
scholar,
his
schoolmaster,
the
boys
as
far
Usher &
as
he
can,
want of such a professor.
transferr'
d
but
to
a
a
writing
so
master;
after
he
hath
taught
they are forced to leave the College for
And by the Charter, the College cannot be
President &
Masters, &
Mr
Blair
says
that
there
is only himself president, & one master, viz: he that teacheth latin;
so that when please God the Mathematic master or professor comes, the
College may be transferr' d to them, & with submission I think the
We have agreed that ( God willing)
sooner it is done the better.
after next Xmas the President shall go & live in the College, the
Usher & Writing Master, & so many Scholars as are
Latin Master,
there; & Mr President
to board
willing,
Blair
hath
undertak- 3n
for
the
by this opportunity
are to be sent
of the fleet,
necessaries for the Kitchen Pantry, & c.,
for.
I humbly beg of your Grace, if it be possible, that you would
be pleased to send us such a Mathematic & Philosophy Master or
Professor, &
I suppose he may get his Majesty' s £ 20 Bounty Money, which
first year to provide for their accommodation; &
is allowed to every Minister that comes into these parts of the world,
for
his
transportation.
that the gentleman may not well
and provide necessaries for his
Voyage hither; & if he does it may be troublesome
to him, therefore
that he may be at no charge of trouble about these affairs, if your
he will
Grace pleaseth to send for my werchant, Mr Micajah Perry, ...
do his business effectually; & I design now ( God willing) to write to
I herewith send your Grace a Copy of the
him that he may do so. ...
instructions
in No 10,
which I have given to the Indian traders about
Procuring Indian Children to be brought up in the College, on Acet of
the Right Honble Robt Boyle his Bounty which was procured for the
understand
how
to
find
But I believe
a
convenience,
College by your Grace' s interest. ...
IBID,
pp.
123- 4
1700]
Virginia.
Mr.
Robt.
Nations
No.
Hicks
10.
and
of Indians
Instructions by Gov. Nicholson to be observed by
John Evans in treating with " such of the great
as they shall trade to"]
Mr.
�75.
Item.
in
You
Engld (
Indians,
shall
acquaint
them,
that
honble
Robert
Boyle,
to
9 or 10 Indian children at it, &
arts &
that the
sciences,
You
Item.
be made
good man who lately died
a great &
Esgr.),
having a great love for the
hath left money enough to the College here in Virginia, to keep
the
ready
shall
teach
them
best Englishmen' s
acquaint
at the College
them
that
for their
to
read,
write &
all
other
sons do learn.
this
next
Summer
reception &
the
rooms
will
that
accommodation, &
they
if any one Great nation will send 3 or 4 of their children thither,
shall
have
good,
after
both
in
valuable
health &
clothes,
books &
shall
learning &
be
well
years of age....
Item. ...
them may safely
the
if they [ the great men of the Indians] think fit some of
come in & see the College & be satisfied of the truth of
aforementioned
WILLIAM &
particulars.
MARY COLLEGE
2nd
QUARTERLY...
Series,
Vol
352- 353
pp.
James
No.
Blair
to
XIX,
9k
h
P
Fulham
theRJahkA-&f—
tT7hdoz1.
Mss.
Virginia -
Box
1,
143.]
Virginia May 29,
1700.
May it please your Grace
About a month ago at a Generall meeting of the Governou. rs of our
finding our selves obliged by our Charter to make an Election
of a new Chancelour every seventh year, and that my Lord Bishop of
London had held that office for seven years past by an unanimous Election
We are
Your Grace was nominated Chan celour for seven years to come. ...
and hope to get it ready
now busy about the inside work of our College,
to live in by next Christmas.
I must upon this occasion beg leave to put your Grace in mind of
We are of
your good intentions to help our Library to some good books.
College,
opinion
that
if application
were
made
to
the
severall
good
authors
in
England,
they would enrich it at least with a present of their own books.
I have enclosed a Catalogue of what Books we have at present that
If any books are procured,
Your Grace may the better judge what we want.
let them be sent to the house of Mr Micajah Perry a Virginia merchant in
Leaden
care
hall
to
Street
send
over
them
against
to us,
at our College
upon Mr Boyls
is ready to give them reception,
0
to
end
of
Billiter
Lane,
who
will
take
and will likewise pay the charges of packing & c. ...
We are at present a treating with the Indians about their Children
to be kept
on
the
satisfaction.
fund,
doubt not
but
and
so
soon
that design
as
d
about 7 or 8
Let the children be young,
sickness...
look'
the
will
College
be
carried
�76.
H.
R.
ed.
McIlwaine,
EXECUTIVE JOURNALS OF THE COUNCIL OF COLONIAL VIRGINIA,
Vol.
II,
p.
107
At a Councill held at James City the 4th day of Sept 1700...
Upon reading his Excys Letter to Mr Auditr Byrd of the 22th of Augt
It is thought most
concerning a true Roll of his Majties Rents
proper to be done at or after the removeing the Records to William & Mary
1700, ...
Colledge, ...
p.
At his Majties
109]
October
Royal College
of William
and Mary the 17th day of
1700...
PAPERS
RELATING
AGAINST
FRANCIS
TO AN AFFIDAVIT
NICHOLSON,
MADE BY HIS REVERENCE
ESQ... [
Pub.
London:
1727.
JAMES
BLAIR...
Photostat
Wm. &
Mary Coll.]
P.
49- 501
An Account
His
of Money received
Governour
Excell.
for building
William and Mary College, &
s
Gift,
200
1700
10.
JOURNALS
Richmond:
OF
THE
0
0
100
0
0
7
6
Andros paid for
His Excellency Sir Edm.
Sashing the College,
Octob.•
0
200
L£]
0
56
Nicholson'
His said Excellency' s Gift towards the
Maintenance of a poor Scholar for ever,
His said Excellency' s Gift towards furnishing the College,
c..
Per Miles Cary.
HOUSE
OF
BURGESSES
1695- 1702
1913)
205]
Thursday December ye 5th 1700
Divers Burgesses to the number of twenty Eight having ta en the
mett in the hall of the Colledge
Oathes appointed by Act of Parliament...
p.
being the place appointed for the Burgesses to sit in
p.
2221•.
Tuesday
Decembr
the
17th 1700.
Resolved That the Records and Papers belonging tothis House and now
lodged at James City be withall convenient Expedition removed from thence
and placed in the Chamber appointed for the Clerk of this House in his
Majests Royall Colledge
of William and Mary adjacent to the City of
Williamsburgh -
This session
through
of the General
December
27,
1700. (
Assembly met at the College
See
also
Legis.
Jour.
of
from December
Council)
MG]
5
�77.
That a message
Ordered.
Concurrence
to the Resolves
Records belonging
sent to the Council
to the Secretarys
LFCISLATIVE JOURNALS
Vol.
be
of this House
touching
to desire
their
the Removall
of the
Office and to this House
OF THE COUNCIL,
I p. 282- 3
Wednesday
December
18th
1700
College of Wm & Mary fs
B
the house of
James
Burgesses
Tuesday
December
17th
1700
that ye Records of this Governmt wch still rema.ine at
Resolved.
City be with all Convenient
Expedition
removed
from thence
to ye
place appointed for keeping the Secretaries office in his Majts Royall
College
Mary adjacent
of William &
to ye City of Williamsbur
h According
to ye peticon of Edmd Jenings Esgr Deputy Secret,y made to his Ex2y &
ye
Honble Councill in yt respect.
Resolved That ye records & papers belonging tothis house & now
lodged at James City be with all convenient Expedicon removed from thence
placed in ye Chamber appointed for ye Clerke of this house in his Ma.jts
Royll
College
of Wm &
Ordered.
Mary adjacient to ye City of Williamsburgh -
that a Messuage
be sent to ye Councill
to desire
their
Concurrence to ye resolves of this house touching ye removall of ye records
belonging
to ye SecretXs
to this house.
Office &
Test
His Excellency and ye Councill
resolves &
Wm Randolph
Cl:
B:
Burg.
concurr wth ye house in ye precedent
ye Honble Edmd Jenings Esqr_ is requested to cause ye Same to
be done with all
convenient
Speed.
EXECUTIVE JOURNALS OF THE COUNCIL OF COLONIAL VIRGINIA,
Vol.
II,
p.
118
Wednesday December 18th 1700
A• Message being sent from the house of Burgesses by Wm Leigh...
who
presented his Ex.2y and the Councill wth the Resolve of the house that the
Records of this Governmt wch still Remaines at James City be,
wth
all
Convt
Expedition Removed from thence to the Place appointed for keeping the
Secretaries office in his Majties Royall College of William and Mary ...
that
the
Records &
Papers belonging to the house of Burgeses and Now Lodged
at James City be also wth like Convt Expedition Removed from thence &
in
the
Chamber
College
his
appointed
Excell:
for
the
Clk:
of the house of Burgeses
to Cause
Placed
in the aforesd
and_ the Councill upon Reading thereof. Concur wth the
house in yt Resolve and the honerble Edmund Jenings Esgr Deputy Sec=
Required
and
the same to be done wth all Convt Speed
is
�78.
PUBLIC
C.
RECORD
OFFICE,
London.
I [ Photostat
5/ 1312 Vol.
0.
0
WILLIAM
Col.
Wmsbg.]
R.
Whereas We have thought
Trusty and Welbeloved, We Greet You well.
that all due Encouragement be given to the College of William and
Mary lately founded in Our Towne of Williamsburg in Virginia., for promoting
Religion and Learning in those Parts; We do therefore earnestly recommend
the same to You,
willing and requiring You to do whatever lyes in You for
And in particular that You call
the due encouraging the said College
upon the Persons that have promised to contribute towards the maintenance
to
of the said College,
to pay in forthwith their severall Contributions,
the
end,
so good. and pious a Work may be carryed on for the generall
Given at Our Court
benefit of that Countrey; And so We bid You Farewell.
in the Twelfth
Yeare of
at Hampton Court the 30th day of December 1700.
fitt,
Our Reigne.
By His Majesty' s Coma.nd
Ca:
Vernon
To Our Trusty and Welbeloved
Francis
Nicholson
Esqr
etc.
Endorsed]
Recd Janes 29th 1700/ 01
Oldmixon,
John]
THE BRITISH ExiPIRE IN AMEttICA.
The History of Virginia.
p.
437 [
London:
1741.
Vol.
I,
1700]
of the College by Charter, was Mr. Blair.
procured considerable Contributions in
England, towards collecting a Library.
It proceeded so far, that there
was a. Commencement
there in the ' ear 1700,
at which there was a great
The first President
Dr.
who
Bray,
Concourse
several
of
in
went
to
People;
Sloops
Virginia,
several
from
Plonters
New - York,
came
thither
Pennsylvania.
and
in
their
Coaches,
Maryland.
and
It being a
new thing in America to hear Graduates perform their Academical Exercises,
the Indians themselves had the Curiosity to come to Williamsburgh on this
Occasion,
and the whole Country rejoiced as if they had some Relish of
Learning.
EXECUTIVE
Vol.
II,
JOURNALS
p.
At a Councill
His E7c
December
OF
THh
COUNCIL
OF
COLONIAL
V"IRGINIA,
128
1700.
held at Mr Auditor
Byrds
March ye 9th 1700 [
1701]
r Laid before ye Councill his Majtis Letter of ye 30th of
Declareing his Majtis Royall Will and Pleasure that all
Due Encouragement be given to the Colledge of William and Mary & c
was
r
U
read
in
Councill.
a
which
�79.
Aprll
134]
p.
25th [ 1701]...
Ordered yt a Copie of ye Letter from his most sacred Majtie
Dated 30th
Decembr 1700 ( wherein
his
most
Gracious
Will
and
Pleasure
is signified yt all possible and Due Encouragmet be given to ye
Colledge of William and Mary for promoting Religion and Learning) to
be sent into Each Countie in this Colony to be read in all Courts,
Chappels & other Publick Places in Each of ye said Counties.
Churches,
At the
1/+2]
p.
Councill
Chamber
at his Majtis
Royall
Colledge
of
William and Mary ye gth of May 1701
Ordered
Colledge
that a full Councill
of
146]
Royall
Mary ye ninth Day of June next Matters
soe requireing...
great weight
p.
be held at his Majtis
William &
At the
Council
Chamber
9th June
of
1701
His Exa was pleased to lay before ye Council his Majties royall
lettr of Xbr 1700 whereby Dr James Blair is nominated & appointed
one of ye membrs of his Majties Honble Council of this his most
ancient & great Colony and Dominion of Vida wch being read in Council.
Doctr
James
Blair
bein
Chambr ye same was againe
to
be
sent
for &
being come into ye Council
read in his Presence
Whereupon he haveing taken ye Oaths appointed by act of Parliamt
taken...
and taken ye Oath of a Councellr took his place at board.
Doctor James Blair added
LEGISLATIVE
JOURNALS
Vol.
295- 6
I
pp.
At a Generall
and
Mar ...
Thursday
OF
Assembly
Wednesday
August
THE
COUNCIL
begun at his Majties Royall
ye Sixth of Augst 1701.
Colledge
of William
7th 1701
Ordered yt ye Clr'_ of ye Genll Assembly do go to ye house of
z
Burgesses
and Comand their imediate
attendance
upon his Excellency
in
Council in ye great Roome where ye Cocotte for Revisall of ye Lawes
usually Satt.
Fryday• gtn Augst 1701
Ordered That ye Clk of ye Genll Assembly do go to ye house of
acc t ym yt his Ex Z Comds there imediate attendance upon him
in Council in ye great roome where ye Comittee for Revisall of ye Laws
Burg. &
usually
Satt.
Council
met at College
June
9,
10,
11,
1701.
The General Assembly sat at the College from August 6 through October_,
1701.
MG.
See also JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES 1695- 1702.
�JOURNALS
is (
OF THE
Richmond:
HOUSE
1913)
p.
OF
BURGESS,
1695- 1702,
247
Att a Genrall Assembly Begun att his Majesty Royall Colledge
and Mary...
Thursday Augt 7th 1701
of William
Ordered That John Sincock be Sent for in Custody of the messenger
to answer his misdemeanour in coming down private Staires into the
house and passing through when the house was Sitting -
EXECUTIVE JOURNALS OF THE COUNCIL OF COLONI.Z L VIRGINIA,
Vol.
II,
p.
218. [
March
11,
1701/ 21
Ordered that a full Council be held at his Matte Royal College
of William & Mary
on Wednesday the llth day of March next
Whereas by several late Advices from England it appears that the
French King hath contrary to his faith, and in open violation of the
Treatys made with his Majesty King William presumed to proclaim the
pretended Prince of Wales King of. England & c And that thereupon a
Generall war will in all probability ensue...
the honble Council taking
the same into their serious
consideration
have thought fitt to appointe
Wednesday the eleventh day of March next to be kept and observed by his
Excellency and the honble Council,
the
Trustees
President
Governors,
Masters and Scholars of his Malys Royal College of William and Mary as
a day of fasting
and humiliation,
and
that
divine
Service
be
then
read,
and a Sermon suitable to the occasion preached before them within the
said
College. ...
JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESS,
Richmond:
1913)
P.
At a General
William
and Mary ...
1695- 1702,
367
at his Majestys
Royal Colledge
Assembly...
the thirteenth day of May 1702... *
of
The General Assembly met in the College from May 13 through May 29;
June 18 through June 25; and August 14 through August 28, 1702.
During this period they received news of the death of King William
and the accession
of Queen Anne which latter was formally proclaimed
in Council MG
on June 19, 1702.
the Burgesses attending -
n
LJ
�81.
EXECUTIVE
JOURNALS
II,
Vol.
OF
THE
COUNCIL
OF
COLONIAL
VIRGINIA
253- 4
pp.
By his Excellency
A PROCLAHaTION
Whereas
the Rt Honble the Lords of her Majts most Honble privy
have
Councill by their Letter Dated the llth Day of March 1701,
pleased to signify unto me the Death of our late Sovereigne
William
the
proclaimed
other
with Directions
that with the assistance
officers & Inhabitants
her most sacred Majesty according
with
the
Solemnities &
instructions
as
to
the
to
the
ceremonies
the advice aforesd
Lord King
thereupon her Royall Majesty Queen Anne being
third...&
principal
been
requisite
and
on ye like occasions...
Commanders
to be observed] ...
to appoint
proclalme
to ye forme in the sd Letter inclosed
Ceremonies
Colonels
of the Councill &
of Virginia. I should
in
the various
counties
I have thought fitt by and with
the 18th Day of June next ( being the Day
appointed for the meeting of the Generall Assembly for performeing the
same at ye City of Wmsburgh whereof all ye members of her Majts Honble
Councill &
right worshipfull house of Burgesses are hereby required to
take
notice &
to give their attendance accordingly and I Do also order
and require the Reverend Clergy of this Dominion the Rector Trustees,
Governr President and Masters of her Majts Royall Colledge of Wm &
Mary & Scholars of the same as well those who have heretofore been
Educated at the Sd College as those presently at the same to be present
and assist at the sd Ceremony And I Do likewise by and wth the advice &
Consent
aforesd
Comand &
require all ye militia horse foot &
Dragoons
within the County- of York and James City the Virginia. troop of New Kent
County under the Comand of Lt Collo Wm Bassett the Horse and Dragoons of
Charles City County on ye North side of James rivers & ye horse and
Dragoons of Warwick and. Eliza City Counties to appear under their
respective officers with their best armes and accoutrements at ye sd
City of Wmsburgh on the aforesd 18th Day of June by ten a Cloci, in ye
morning to provide and prepare themselves for staying that night and —
next
And I Do further Comand the Indian Interpreters of ye sevll nations
Day...
of Indians within this her Majts Colony and Dominion to cause the sd
Indians & there young men & boyes or so many of them as can conveniently
come to ye City of Wmsburgh on ye aforesd 18th Day of June with their
bows
and
arrows &
other
acmes...
Given under my hand &
Colony at her Majts Royall Colledge
of Wm &
Fr:
the
Seale
of
the
Mary the 30th Day of May 1702
Nicholson
At a. Council held at her Matys Royall College of William and Mary
June
the
19th
1702
His Excellency by his Proclamation dated the 3Cth of May last having
appointed yesterday for proclaiming her most sacred Majesty Queen Anne...
The some was delayed till this day by reason that the badness of the
weather
Council
and
And
Burgesses from coming to Town so soon as was expected:
funeral Ceremonys of his late Majesty King William continued
that
night.
had hindered
several
of
the
Gentlemen
of
the
House
of
the
till almost
And upon considering of the most solemn manner for proclaiming her
said Majesty
It is ordered that Mr Speaker and the House of Burgesses be
acquainted that his Excellency and the honble Council intend forthwith to
And then
proceed to the performing the same and desire their concurrence
the Council adjourned till to morrow morning.
�ite page 82.
SKETCH
OF MAIN BUILDING
traveller,
Francis
and Bioaraph,
Vol.
OF THE COLLEGE
Louis
XXIV (
Michel -
1916),
OF WILLIAM
1702. (
page 126.)
From .
AND NARY,
made by Swiss
iiagaz; ne
of
History
�82.
VIRGINIA
Vol.
40 [
MAGAZINE
XXIV,
Report
OF
pp.
125- 7
of the journey
to
pp.
October
Virginia,
25- 61 ...
of Francis
1701 -
2,
Louis Michel
December
1,
Four years ago the late King William ordered at Middle
a
building,
Switzerland,
from Berne,
1702. 1
in his honor, a large
There are at present
which is now called Williamsburg
Plantation,
besides
BIOGRKPHY
HISTORY &
25, 26,
so- called
the
and
be
State
erected. ...
together
House,
some stores and houses of gentlemen,
of the Bishop,
ordinaries
College
Church,
to
College...
or
inns. ...
with
and
the
also
residence
eight
The youth is instructed in the higher branches
because most of the people live far away,
can secure boarding for their sons there,
There are about forty students there
which costs yearly twenty guineas.
now.
Before this it was customary for wealthy parents, because of the
lack of preceptors or teachers, to send their sons to England to study
in
the
College
But,
there.
only the more well- to- do ...
there. ...
p.
125]
about the middle of May, a small French frigate arrived
from Ireland,
which announced the sad news of the death of King William.
A few days later four warships reached Quiquedam which confirmed this report
and brought a letter ...
to announce the death of the late King [ died
The Governor
caused
the
March 19, . 1702] and to proclaim Queen Anne...
which he had received,
order,
to be read from the pulpits of his province
Meanwhile,
and he called out the militia of the six nearest
counties
to appear about
Meanwhile
the lgth of May [ sic. June.] under arms before his residence.
he caused everything to be in readiness, which was necessary for a
memorial service of the King, as well as for the proclamation of and
He also asked the Indians to be present,
rejoicing over the new Queen.
who appeared at the appointed time with two queens together with forty
of their most distinguished warriors and servants.
Inquiry was made
Several
whether any one knew how to set off fireworks.
volunteered
theatres [
works
who
the
to
be
set
meagre knowledge made the preparations.
were erected before the college where
with
as
off.
well
warships
Three
the fire-
grand - stands]
were
appeared
with
from
On the appointed day a large number of people
as without
arms.
The
celebration
began
on
a
The armed contingents,
on foot as well as on horse,
Thursday morning.
Two batteries were also mounted and a tent was
were drawn up in line.
The
pitched, where the bishop,' - elivered an oration on the King' s death.
d
armed men were then drawn up before the college in a threefold formation,
in such a way that the college building formed one side.
soldiers
on
both
sides
and
also
Then
there
were
opposite,
making three divisions, so that
the cavalry and the dragoons were stationed on the two wings and the
I have already given their number as about 2000.
infantry in the center.
On the
As can be seen from the drawing, the college has three balconies.
uppermost
the
lowest
were
the
buglers
violinists,
so
from
that
the
when
warships,
the
ones
on
the
stopped
second,
the
oboes
others
and
on
began.
When the proclamation of the King' s
Sometimes they all played together.
Then the
death was to be made they played very movingly and mournfully.
LCommissary
6
Blair -
MG
�M
the
scepter.
It
which were woven with gold,
covered
with
constable
appeared
them were
also
his
with
dressed
white
whose
like
crape.
the
English
Likewise
standards,
those
who
carried
Then followed the Governor in mourning as
in mourning.
horse,
was
harness
was
draped
with
black.
The death
of
Afterwards
the Governor
King William was then announced by the Secretary.
ordered the rifles reversed under the arms and with mournful music they
marched with the clergy to the above named tent, where a touching oration
After considerable
was delivered,
which caused many people to shed tears.
the troops were ordered back to their former
marching and countermarching,
It was
place [ before the college]
holding their rifles as is customary.
Then
the
constable
now noon.
The musicians began to play a lively tune.
The
Governor,
appeared in a green suit, the scepter no longer draped.
who
had
appeared
retired,
also
exchanged
his
were
uncovered
in
horse.
everywhere,
blue
uniform,
The Secretary
the
royal
covered
with
braid.
letter
and
edict,
He
had
while
then read publicly,
that
the
heads
second
daughter of the departed and late King James had been chosen and crowned
Queen...
Then everybody shouted three times Hurrah 1 that is, may she live.
They waved their hats in the air, gave three salutes with the cannons as
well
as
with
the
small
lifter
arms.
this
was
done,
the
arms
were
stacked.
Then the Governor caused most of those present, i. e.,
the most prominent
to be entertained right royally, the ordinary persons received each
people,
a glass of rum or brandy with sugar.
After the meal was finished,
the troops were again drawn up in line
as
before
and
marched
to
the
State
House
which
is
under
construction ...
where the new Queen was proclaimed. ...
Finally it, began to grow dark...
As there were not enough houses to lodge all the people, they had to be
content to camp under the open sky.
At night the Governor
toasts
were repeatedly
who
ceremonies],
most
expert
and
not succeed
was
entertained
answered
by cannons
stationed
boasted
of
again as at noon,
on
his
one
skill.
in gaining much honor.
of
and buglers.
the
bridges,
the
was
But the result
various
A master [
of
considered
showed
the
that he did
In order to preserve his reputation
he
acted as if the fire had fallen unintentionally into the fireworks, for he
As there were all
blew up everything at once in a great blaze and smoke.
kinds of fireworks,
many and large rockets,
When the proper time had come, the Governor
the
rest
ple,
to
formance
with
of
see
the
fireworks
them,
had. never
a double
row
been
of
the
fireworks.
seen nor held
candles,
good.
was
done
his
horse
to
superintend
of people outside;
there
before,
the
for such a per-
windows
were
the musicians played as best they could,
When
They answered:
This
mounted
to run...
The college was full of the leading peo-
as also a large number
buglers were especially
they were ready.
himself.
he like others had
it was to begin the
Then he comanded
yes.
with
a
reversed
rocket,
set
the
Governor asked if
them to set off
which was to pass along
a string to the arbor, where prominent ladies were seated, but it got stuck
half way and exploded.
Two stars were to be made to revolve through the fireworks,
nothIn short,
but they succeeded no better than with the rockets.
but fell down
ing was successful,
the rockets also refused to fly up,
archlike,
so that it was not worth while seeing. Most of the people,
however, ...
praised them highly. ...
I had taken my place in the highest
part of the tower on the [ college] building, whence the best outlook was
to be had by day and night.
As it was eleven o' clock at night and my
When
lodging place was two miles away...
I stayed up there over night...
0
�64.
On this
day dawned I left the building, without anybody noticing me.
day the troops were again drawn up in line...
After much marching and
skirmishing
noon
when
came,
the
dinner,
as on the preceding
began
day,
with much pomp and sumptuousness...
JOURNI LS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES
P.
1695- 1702
372
Tuesday
June
23d
1702
A Message in writeing from his Excel2y and the Council
Mr Speaker and Gent:
of the house
by Mr Robertson
of Burgess
His Excels and the honble Council takeing into consideration the
danger the Records of this Colony are Exposed to by being Lodged in the
Colledge
do propose
to the house
of Burgess
that a Comtee
of the house
may be appointed to Joyne with a Comtee of the Council for inspecting
the
building
of
the
Capitol,
and that directions may be given for the
Speedy fitting up roomes for the reception of the Records and holding
the
Genll
NICHOLSON
Courts.
MSS.
Colonial
Williamsburg,
Incorporated.
LThe deposition of Capt James Moodie Late Comandr of her Majte Ship
Southampton &
c in Public Record Office
C 0 5/ 131740
This depot further saith that about the midle of July [
this depot
with
Captn
there,
Dove,
Convoys
then
to come
to Williamsburgh
Roffey,
Midleton,
the
June?]
Captains
1702
of
he
the
with our Officers was sent for by the Governour,
to the Proclamation
most of the principall people of the Country
of her Majtie
This
depot
where
saith
was
that
next morning after the Proclamation,
the Governour and he walking in
some of the uper Appartments of the Colledge, This Depot desired the
Governour to order the money to be paid for Carreening
the Ship as he
had. promised this depot in regard the Fleet was to sa.ile for England,
or give this depot a bill to Coll Willson,
of whome
this
depot
had
borrowed the money for that use But before this depot could make an
end of Speaking, The Governour flew out into Such a passion against
the Comiss. 1r of the Navy calling them all the basest names that the
tongue
of man
could express, & with such a Noise,
downe in the lower roomes
that the people
caime running up Stairs, &
likewise
Capt
Dove,
Roffey & Midleton,
who lay in a roome some distance, caime
running out of their beds in Their Shirts, the latter with out his
wooden leg holding himself by the wall beleiveing that the Colledge
had been on fire a gaine as it had been Two nights before...
enquiry
of the Ocasion,
Governour,
but
could but admire at the folly & passion
Saying Bedlam was the fittest place for such a man...
Given May 1,
17041
upon
of
the
�85.
William Stevens Perry
HISTORIC.kL COLLECTIONS RELATING TO THE AMERICAN COLONIAL CHURCH,
Vol.
I -
Mr.
VIRGINIA
Hartford:
1870,
Blair to the Archbishop
125.
p.
of Canterbury]
William &
Mary College in Virginia,
The Bearer
upon occasion
will
inform your Grace
of a funeral
of King William...
My Lord, I have
Oration
enclosed
what a storm has fallen
I Pronounced
an
extract
with my opinion of what may be expected,
of
in our College
the
from
design
the
July
1702
13,
of our
chancellor
upon us,
in Memory
College,
thereof
in
obedience to your Grace' s commands.
Govr Nicholson
to the Archbishop
of Canterbury]
Virginia,
Kikotan,
July 22,
1702.
With this I am commanded to transmit to your Grace the following
papers
viz:
No.
2,
a Pastoral
of the younger Scholars,
Honble
Majesty
Council,
the
Colloquy in English verse,
Burgesses &
King William
Assembly, &
third... ...
Ni.
the
lately passed between his excellency &
chiefly by Mr.
spoken by some
in the College hall before his Excy, her Majesty' s
the
upon
c.,
5,
the death of his late
Copies of some papers
Revd
1' E,
Comy Blair,
that
occasioned
Blair' s funeral oration upon his late Majesty King William
the 3rd, Spoken before his Excellency,
the
her Majesty' s honble Council,
Burgesses of Assembly & the Virginia Clergy, & c., in the College Hall...
By which means his Excellency will be the better able to judge whether Mr.
Blair sends to vour Grace his oration in such very terms as he spoke &
read it in the College hall.
the
acets
of
William &
UBLIC RECORD OFFICE
Typed
No.
S are Copies of several papers concerning
Mary College. ...
C. O.
5/
1312 Extract
copy in William & Mary College
A List of the parishes,
Governrs &
Ministers,
papers.]
Tithables,
c. &
together
other officers
and Number of Scholars
Roya.11 Colledge of William & Mary in Virginia.
July
of
with
the
Trustees,
her Majesties
the 18th 1702.
a
Chancellr:
Thomas
President:
Jams
Rector:
Wm
Byrd
Schoole
Master:
Usher:
Jno
Writeing
Scholars:
J
Lord Arch Bishop of Canterbury
Blair
Mongo
Ingles
Allen
Plaster &
29
Register:
Wm
Robinson
�JOURNALS
P.
OF THE
HOUSE
OF BURGESSES
1695- 1702
335- 6
Wednesday August ye 19th 1702
A Written
Message
from his Excels
Mr Speaker and Gent:
of
the
house
and the honble
of
Council...
Burgesses
The building of the Capitol being so far advanced that ' tis hoped
it will be finished before there be any occasion for another meeting of
It is proposed that a Comtee of the House of Burgesses be
the Assembly.
appointed to joine with such a number of the Council as shall be thought
convenient...
to consider of appropriateing the Rooms [ in the Capitol]...
Whether
it be
convenient
that
this
October
Genll
Court
be kept
at
and that Boxes be provided for keeping the Records and other
papers belonging to the Several Offices, so as they may be removed easily
the
Capitol...
in case
of fire...
Thursday
August
20th 1702
Resolved
that
That
the
October
next
it is the opinion
Genll:
Court
of this house
be
held
in
the
That
it is not
convenient
Capitol
That Boxes be provided for keeping
Resolved and accordingly ordered
the Records and other papers belonging to the Secretary' s Office and Assembly
office so as they may be removed Easily in case of fire
Ordered
That
the
Clerks
of
the
said
offices
take
care
to
remove
the
Records and other papers under their keeping into the respective places
allotted for them in the Capitol at such time as they shall be directed
by the Governour and Council
PAPERS
AGAINST
Wm. &
pp.
Anno
RELATING
FRANCIS
Mary Coll.
47- 48
TO AN AFFIDAVIT
NICHOLSON,
ESQ... [
MADE BY HIS REVERENCE
Publ.
London:
JAMES
BLAIR...
Photostat
1727.
Library]
MILES CARY Receiver of the Revenue due to William and Mary
1702,
College,
for
Cedar
10
Paid
Coll.
Wilson
Paid
Coll.
Bird for Thirty Thousand 41.
Posts, [£]
Miles
Nails,
0
0
3 15
0
Cary
1702]
BARRING
OUT
OF MASTERS:
For information concerning the custom of the Grainruar School boys
before
Christmas,
see pages
barring out" the Masters
MG]
94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101 following.
89,
90,
91,
�W.
JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES,
p. 1; 3,
1712.
8
At a. Generall
and
1702/ 3 -
Marv...
Divers
at
Assembly ...
begun
Burgesses
her
the Nineteenth
to the number
Majesties
of ffourty
Colledge being the place appointed
Royal
Monday
of
William
1702/ 3*
met in the Hall of the
One...
for the Burgesses
A Message from his Excellency...
His Excellency Comands your imediate
Council
Colledge
of March ...
day...
to Sitt in
Attendance
upon him in the
Chamber.
March
22th
1702 [
31
His Excell2Z comands your imediate attendance
Councill
And accordingly
Chamber
upon him in the
ye House went to Attend his Excellcy
whoj was pleas' d to make a Speech to them...
What their Lords2s were pleas' d to recomend
Gentl:
to my care to
incourage ye Natives of this Country for the fitly qualifying themselves
for the Offices
thereof,
I do cordially recomend to you; One way to
accomplish which I think will be by incourageing her Majties Royal
r ,
Colledge
of William and l
The Accounts of which are lately adjusted
by a. Comitee of the Trustees and Governrs thereof, and I think that I
ought to l: t you have them that you may see how ye money & c. hath been
disposed of; and therefore now give them to ye Honble Mr Speaker
18
PUBLIC
RECORD
Copy Wm. &
OFFICE,
London.
Mary Coll.
C. O.
5/ 1314.
papers)
Virga July the 26th 1703
To Philip Ludwell Esqr
On Tuesday
Colledge
I met
following
him [
Gov.
coming
Phill:
CATALOGUE...
OF
WILLIAM &
J.
Printed Williamsburg:
Historical
Sketch.
pp.
out of the
Ludwell [
MARY
H.
Councill
Office
in the Passage near
Nicholson]
in the
the Stair head. ...
Jr. j
COLLEGE
1855.
Ewing
3- 61
From that time to the
in 1703 was about 30.
number was not much below 60 ...
The number of Students
Revolution
the average
The Assembly sat at the Collr- e from March 19 through April 10,
It was proroged until April . 21,
1704,
when
it
met
in
the
new
1703.
Capitol.
viG
�PUBLIC
RECORD
Typed
OFFICE,
London.
C. O.
5/ 1314
Mary College papers.]
copy Wm. &
Statement of Robert Beverley against the administration
Nicholson,
Apr.
Francis
of Gov.
17041
25,
And Coll Jenings
himself
at the same
time in the piazza' s of ye
College told me that ye Governr order' d those Comissions. ....
IBID,
C. O.
5/ 1314.
I Robert Beverley make oath to particular Instances of matters
conta.in' d in my former
affidavit...
Often when I have been walking in ye College,
4.•
sitting,
loud
as (
I believe)
Jur
7o
William
die
he
Junii
Stevens
could
extend
I
voice.
1704
Perry
HISTORICI,.L COLLECTIONS RELATING
Vol.
his
and ye Council
and talking in Councill as
I have heard ye Governr storming,
Virginia,
TO THE AMERICAN
Also
87- 9 (
pp.
in
Nicholson
COLONIAL
Mss.,
CHURCH.
Colonial Williamsburg
Incorporated.)
AFFIDAVIT
NICHOLSON,
OF
STEPHEN
GOVERNOR
FOUACE
OF
RELATING
TO
25th
Pursuant
the
Lords
Stephen
TH.: T
soon
after
to
with
others,
said
for
was
made
Rascall,
Thief, &
Colonel
Nicholson
passion using...
c.
and
the
Trade
withall
Right
and
COL.
Honble
Plantations,
Oath.
Governor
Blair' s with the
into the Garden with Colonel Jennings & there
very loud and outrageous
of
maketh
Cleric,
Nicholson
being at Mr Commissary
rogue,
OF
1704
Directions
Commissioners
Fouaee,
Colonel
the
April,
the
the Deponent
several
THE MAL- ADMINISTRNTION
VIRGINIA
went
fell
said
out
out
of
Virginia
Col.
after
with
him
Nicholson
supper
into
a
the vile names of pitifull
threatened
to
kick
him. ...
The Deponent further saith that once at a meeting of the Govrs of
the College Govr Nicholson fell abruptly no body knew why into a fit of
the wives
of some of the
passion & cursing against some Gentlewomen...
calling them Jades, ...
Company,
The Deponent
say &
saith
further
that he hath heard
threaten that, he would seize the college
Colonel Nicholson
for the King' s use..
�EU
CALENDAR
OF
1704- 1705,
STATE
Colonial
PAPERS,
West
America &
Series.
Cecil
10"
pp.
Ed. (
Headlamn,
Indies
1916)
Lond-on:
1704. 1 "
Affidavit of Stephen Fouace, that the following
Philip Ludwell, jr., to Philip Ludwell sr. ...
letters are genuine:- (
s]
Narrates the Governor' s [ Nicholson'
violent language and scurrility
The occasion of his anger was that in October General
towards
himself.
April
279. [
28,
a)
Court we had a meeting of the Governors
Governour
in England
us
a
in
of. the College
to declare whether
We must
a dilemma.
either
accuse
the
it were
desired
to his
but
we
in
the
so or not.
Governor
Major Allen made him a great compliment,
lie.
the
that his living
and
the College had been a great discouragement to it,
Governors
wherein
of the College,
told us it had been represented
face
This put
or tell
endeavoured
to
avoid the question and proceeded to other business..."
WILLIAM
AND MARY COLLEGE
A Modest
From "
Answer
2nd
QUARTERLY...
to
a Malicious
Libel," (
Folder
William and Mary College Papers -
Series,
Vol.
VIII,
manuscript)
pp.
229- 230
1704.
11.]
1704.
It was but the Christmas
before that the Boys acted the same
and let your memory be never so bad, you must needs remember one
remarkable passage at that time, when you threatened to kick Mrs. Young
down the Kitchen -Stairs because she had provided Victuals for the Boys,
Farce,
which
she
College
was
Table,
by virtue of her office, for she kept
and you put her into such a Fright ( by your minacing
obliged
to
the
do,
Looks and by Shaking and Shoving her as she stood on the Top of the
Stairs,)
I expected
to
determine,
to have heard
how he would
something
have Mr.
Blair
of leavinb
shot
it to his Fxcel. lency
through
a
seven
and
twenty Inch thick Brick Well and barricaded doors; ...
William Stevens Perry
HISTORICAL
Vol.
I Also
The
COLLECTIONS
in Nicholson
further Affidavit
Mss.
Col.
of JAMES
TO
THE
TAbsbg.,
Inc.)
Clerk,
concerning Govr NICHOLSON" S
to the Clergy, the College & Himself.
May 1st 1704.
BLAIR,
with relation
mad. - Administration,
AS
RELATING TO THE AMERICAN COLONIAL CHURCH,
131- 138
1870
pp.
Hartford:
VIRGINIA
COLLEGE.
For all the interest heL Nicholson ]
pretends to have in the
he has not in the least so much as endeavoured to get the
country,
Assembly to assist the College in their necessity,
tho'
he
had
the
best
�119
by the Countrey' s enjoying the use of the College for their
councils,
He
while the capital was a building.
himself has been the forwardest to throw abuses on the College,
particularly he railed against the building, tho' extraordinary good for that
country & entered a public Protest against it in the College records. ...
I have heard him swear that he would seize the College for the King' s use
he crowded
into it, the Secretary' s office,
the Clerk
of the Council'
s
opportunity,
assemblies,
the Clerk of the house of Burgesses'
office,
with
courts &
himself &
all
the
office &
all
their
lodgings,
Committees, &
had all his public treats in their
hall to the great disturbance of the College business.
As to the finishing
part of the College, he did so excessively hurry it on for those several
uses,
that partly by the Plank & timber being green & unseasoned & partly
by employing a great, number of unskillful workmen to comply with his
haste,
wages
it was shamefully
to
those
by several
workmen,
spoilt, & at the same time by giving excessive
who knew how to make advantage
of his impatience
without
the
of his own invention,
direction, of the Governors of the College, their money was all spent &
they
were
unnecessary
brought £
500
additions
in
debt.
resides £
200
which
towards the founding of a scholarship,
et afterwards made the College repay
it every
the
at
first
he
advanced
Virginia. ...
applause
of
it,
both
in
TO
PAS-`
when
farthing;
he
had
had
BY MANY LES:) ER TIIINGS.
he has endeavoured
taken away my livelyhiood,
Englund &
but spent in finishing the Building,
to take away my reputation
he has likewise
for he has so ruined the revenue of the
College,
as I chewed under that head that I have had no salary,
it these
2 years,
from
nor am never like to have more if he can help it.
I will not say - he has had any design upon my life,
though
I
will
give your Lordships an Acct of two Strange passages that have an ill
One was this,
aspect that way.
about a. fortnight before Christmas 1702
while I lodged
in the College,
I heard the School boys about 12 o' clock
at night, a driving of great nails,
to fasten & barracade the doors of
the Grammar
School.
I was mightily surprized at it for we had banished
this custom...
I made haste to get up & with the assistance of 2 servant
men,
I had in the College,
I had almost forced open one of the doors
before they sufficiently secured it, but while I was breaking in, they
presently fired off I or 4 Pistols & hurt one of my servants in the eye
with the wad.d as I suppose of one of the Pistols, while I press' d forward,
some
of
sake
sir
the
Bogs,
don'
t
having a. great kindnes"
offer
to
come
in,
for
me,
calla
for we have shot, &
out, "
shall
for God' s
certainly
fire
at any one that first enters."
there was something
with
vided
them,
fire
Upon the hearing of this, I began to think
more than ordinary in the matter & desired a parley
thinking to find out upon what acet it was that they hs_ prod
arms,
Power &
Shot,
which they had never used to do formerly,
but that night they would not discover it, tho' I confess, I had some
suspicion,
of the designs of my malicious neighbour; & resolved to let
them alone till morning, & then getting all the other masters together
calling for workmen to break open the doors; Before we began, we offered
them a pardon, if they would open, of their own accord & tell us the
�91.
truth, ...
had seen one of his
in,
some
more
for I
by that time we had more than a suspicion of it,
tho'
excellency' s servants
Powder,
upon
the
this,
that morning
Boys,
a handing
of them
sent out at a Window by a ladder
One of the Chief confederates that knew the whole plot with orders to
it.
The Short of his story was, to the best of my remembrance,
that while they had no thoughts of any such thing, the Govr Sent for him,
Candles, &
put him upon it, gave them money to buy victuals & drink —&
Powder, &
Shot, &
lent them 6 of his own Pistols.
Upon hearing that the
discover
Governor,
boys
to
was
the
him,
the
Author &
contriver
of
this
business,
we
sent
the
leaving it to his excellency to determine the time when he
would have them dismiss' d,
for
it was
then
about
a week
before
the usual
time.
His excellency being out of humor, to the great disappointment
of the Boys,
ordered that they should continue at their books until the
usual
time...
this decision made them very angry & they said they wondered
what he had made all that to do for,
when they were not to be dismiss' d
one day sooner than ordinary for their pains.
we found
The
the Govr' s 3 pair of Pistols,
other Passage
was
about
6 weeks
in
with my wife in my Chamber,
morning,
door of
thro'
the
with
When we entered
some
swords &
afterwards.
College,
As I was
between
a maid who lay in a Closet just by, heard
the
to
outer
our
likewise,
room &
chamber
but
could
after
door,
not (
he
had
turned
the
one &
school
weapons...
asleep
in bed
two
the
somebody
lock
the
other
in
a opening
of it,
come
the
quite
after he had endeavoured to turn that lock
for
it
was
double
locked &
the key within)
then
with all the force he had,
designed
to break
he shook that door so violently, as if he had
open, &
this making a very great noise ( for it was a
it
thin pair of folding
who'
s
r' &
there :
I
doors),
calla
awaked my wife &
to
the maid
Winter towards the end of Jzny.
no
that
way &
march
we
off thro'
were
the
all
outer
we both calla out
a candle;
for it was in
me, &
to light
At last when he observed
awake (
room
the door gave
without speaking a word),
again.
Upon inquiry I found
we
heard
that
him
the Govr
that night had appeared to be in so bad a humor that every body was afraid
to
speak
one &
my
him.
And a person of good credit told me,
two of the Clock in the morning,
toward
it,
to
the
college
without
a light, ...
VIRGINIA
between
that attempted
to
break
into
for what reason at such an unseasonable hour near 2 o' clock
in the morning,
pleasure, &
seen
but I do solemnly take my oath of
that I believe he himself was the person,
chamber,
he was
to go directly from his own house
in a dark winter night,
when he could not be walkinG for
when he went away without speaking a word. ...
MAGAZINE
OF HISTORY &
BIOGRAPHY
Vol.
VII, ,:) P.
391- 3
The SEVERALL SOURCES OF THE ODIUM AND DISCOURAGEM7M WHICH THE COLLEGE OF
Will. &
MARY in Virginia lyes under,
and
Grammar School [ Mungo Ingles]
thereupon,
The
College
of Wm. &
the Resolucon of Head Master of the
Anno
Dom.
1704.
Mary in Virginia ( through
under ever since the Charter was brought in)
greater perfection
than a Gramar School.
this odium had its Originall,
of the penny p.
E]
lb.
as (
1)
an odium it has lyne
has not as yet arrived to any
There be several sources whence
The Prejudices of the former Collectors
before it was given to the College, for these Gents,
�92.
finding that the current of thL, t money was directed from their Coffers
into another channell by being given to the College, began personally
to Intertain
an odium ag;t it, and being all of the Counsell and Colls
the little people that depended on them, began to write
after their coppy, others ( but without any reason) are angry at the
place where the College is situated,
wch yet is absolutely the best of the
whole Country ...
every one would have One in his Own County and
neighborhood,
Others are Enand yet the C ollege can be but in one place...
of the County,
emies
to
it
on
when
Excelly (
the
Acct.
of
Lieut- Govenr)
their
subscriptions
having
issued
toward
it,
forth a Breife
for
his
for subscription
toward a College to oblige and curry favour with his Excelly the
principall promoter of it, others hoping &
nothing...
putt their
to the college
since.
most
mischiFfe
than
supposing it would come to
hand to the Briefe and could never be reconciled
But a Lath source and which has done the college
all
the
rest,
is Mr.
Blaire' s demanding and taking
his full salary as President all this while when the College had. been
noe
more
But
Writing
a Grammar
Master
gett any more
had
than
School,
much
halfe
adoe (
by which means
when
Sallary
Mr.
Blair
the Master &
went
for that yeare,
last
Usher &
for
England)
to
and this is the only
reason why wee have had not any more of the 6 masters, for while the
p' eident carryd away yearly 150 lb and there remained noe more money
than will barely pay the Master and Usher and Writing Master, which in
the above named yeare came very short
to have any more masters...
even of that,
we
can
never
expect
But notwithstanding that the College is the only contrivance by
which
Mr.
Blaire hath gott both all his gains and. his Grandeur,
not stuck of late to strike at all
Master,
the
college
to
itself' must all
fall a sacrifice
designe of Turning out the Governr (
of
it & best
friend
yt that
serve a turne -
the
hee
Schools,
rather
than
has
the
a
tho'
the great patron and promoter
ever it had...)
should miscarry not that he
designed the ruin of the college for good for it is by it hee getts all
his gains.
college
But
hee
at present)
has
endeavored
to
ruin
the
schools (
which
is
all
the
by taking away his owne Brother' s son from, it and soe
breaking the Ice for Six more of his party who all and on) v they took
their soiuls away from the schools after his laudable
e) .
Yie,
that
he
and they might have it to say that the Governr had not interest enough
to keep it up and that it could not be a schoole nore a College without
Blaire,
hee being then in 1hgland ( affid.aviting agt his Excy) ...
This proceeding of Mr. Blaire & his partys of making a stalking horse
Mr.
of the College was understood by me to such a degree that I had much adoe
to prevail
wth myself
to continue
my charge
after
such Discouragm'
t,
but
that I was resolved to counterplott those men of Designe and so stand by
his Exey...
Mr.
Blaire was never quiete nor easy until wee had our present
good Cover and kindly nursing farther as he was wont formerly to call him
and yett is now doing all that he can to gett him removed,
from
which
reason the Master following the wise man' s advice is not medling wth ym
that are given to change,
with the College whenever
none
of
Mr.
society. ...
some
of
the
is resolved that he will have noe more to do
his Ex
Besides
I am
leaves the country. ...
glaire' s party and can never expect to live easy in his
I have both given it out here and have write fore England to
best (,
uality that I am resolved
to quitt
the college
if his
Exey, the great patron of it was removed by Mr. Elaire' s meanes and I am
not one that will give myself the lye. ...
I do not understand the Turning
of a good Design into Bad use...
M.
T.
�93•
IBID,
no
VIII,
Vol.
date.
pp.
377- 381
ca. 17051
Letter of James Blair to Governor
against
Nott in reply to Mongo
Ingles'
charges
him.]
May it Please yor Exc' ly:
His Design
wch he Declares
in ye first
both of School Master & housekeeper
office
place
within
of Laying
Less
Down his
than 6 weeks,
has
so Strange an Aspect in ye Very Beginning of yor Exc' 1' y' s Goveromt in
a Country Where he knows well such offices cannot be Readily Supplyed
especially that of School Master) yt one would have Expected Some
unanswerable
Reasons
of Sickness
or other
Disability...
His first Reason is Because when I was last in England I ordered my
Brother' s Son to be ToLken from School, Which Broke the Ice for 5 or 6
more of my kindred & friends to Take yr sons from ye School after he had
been above seven years Learning Lattin, viz: above 5 years with Mr. Ingles
Yet the Truth of ye Matter
and 2 years before with another good Master...
Ingle' s yt I ordered it or knew any
This Boy, my Nephew, being
thing of it Till long after it was Done...
is
that
it
is
an utter
mistake
of Mr.
Exceedingly Run Down by his School fellows, prevail' d wth his Aunt (
I was
absent
while
Instead of boarding at ye College, to let him
ye Dyetting & Loging in Private houses being ye Usual way
in Fhgland),
Dyet at my house,
for all yt Liv' d so near ye College as I did, but all ye time he was not
taken from ye school till my wife understood yt it was Design' d &
Spoke of yt he should be made to sign agst his Unkel,
no other Reason
at which
publickly
Time & for
he was Remov' d from ye School...
His 6th Reason is yt while I am President & have ye president' s
Salla.ry he is very Confident ye College will never arrive at any greater
it appears plainly it was Intended
Should be more yn a Grammar School, viz: a College for
perfection yn a Grammar School. ...
That foundation
Philosophy,
Mathematticks &
Divinity &
if by various Impediments it has
not yet attained ye Intended Perfection it would_ be much more commendable
to think of helping it to what it wants yn to Destroy what it has...
PUBLIC
RECORD
February,
OFFICE
C.
O.
5/ 1314.
Photostat
Col.
Wmsbg.
1704/ 51
We the Subscribers do hereby Certify that at. a General Meeting of
Governos of William & Mary College this 23d day of ffebruary
an
1704 his Excellency laid before the said meeting ( where we were members)
the
Trustees &
Affidavit of James Blair Clerk the 1st of May 1704 wherein are severall
accusations agst his Excell.2Z in relacon to the College; and desiring the
Gentlemen then present to inspect the College Journals that it might appear
how he had behaved himself all along in the affair of ye College:
Coll.
Philip Lud.well & Mr Benja Harrison
withdrew;
Junr two of the said members imediately
and there remaining then but Eight of us ( besides his ExcellS2)
we could proceed no further as a Meeting of the Trustees & Governours of
the College.
Whereupon his Excell.SIX was pleased to acquaint us that since
he was disappointed of communicating to this Gen11 Meeting the papers he
�94•
he
hath to produce for his Justification,
desired
us
to
take
notice
of
several papers which he said he design' d to have laid before this General
10
Meeting
the aforesaid
as follow vizt.
One
other
affidavit
Affidavit of Mr.
of Mr Blair
the
Blair.
25th of April
and
1704,
an
Affidavit. of Mt Robert Beverley of the same date.
A letter from Mr Blair to his Excellency dated May the Sth 1695•
An Accot of the Charges laid out
repairing the house where he now lives
Several Extracts of Letters sent
Esqr Mr Wm Bladen & George Plater Esgr
by his Excell,Z in building and
belonging to the College.
by his Excell.2Z to Thomas Touch
relating to his Excellys care for
procuring payment of the duty of the penny per pound belonging to the College
in Maryland
Blair' s Accots of disbursmts in Solliciting the College Charter.
d.id further declare that her Majesty having been
Mr.
And his Excell2
pleased to order him to return his answer to the Complaints made agt him
his
others,
by Mr Blair &
papers before this Genll
intention was to have laid all the aforesaid
Meeting, and to have desired that the above
Blair & the Accot of the building of his Excellcys
lettr from
house might have been entred on the College Books, and copys taken thereof,
mentioned
and of the whole proceedings of the several meetings of the Trustees &
Governours
of
the
that he might
send them for England by the Eagle
River, for vindicating himself from
College,
Galley now bound out of Rappahannock
those accusations laid agt him in relacon to ye College.
Wm
Rector
Miles Cary
Dudley Diggs
Cler:
Guy Smith
Peter
Tho:
Allen
Ar:
Randolph
Barbar
Wm Buckner
Beverley
Examined
Wil.
Robertson
Copy of a Certificate
Endorsed]
Col:
7
of the Rector &
of
the
abt
Trustees...
Nicholsons
presenting papers & c, in Order to Justify himself from the
relating to the said College.
Referred
to in Colonel Nicholsons
Lre:
of 3d March 1704/ 5.
2 May)
Charge
agt
Recd:
him,
Read )
1705
P.PPERS RELATING TO AN AFFIDAVIT MADE BY HIS REVKhENCE JAMES BLAIR...
AGAINST
FRANCIS'
Published
1- 4. "
concerning
pp.
The
driving
latter
ESQ;
1727 (
Part
GOVERNOUR.
OF
THE
SKID
PROVINCE.
Photostatic
copy College
of Wm. &
the
of
Affidavit
James
further
of
Mary)
Blair,
a
Fortnight
before
1702,
Christmas,
whilst
I
lodged
in
the
a
I heard the School Boys, about Twelve of the Clock at Night,
to fasten and barricade the Doors of the Grammar - School.
of Nails,
I was mightily surprized
at it,
for
we
had
banished
that
Custom,
was quite left off for some Years.
in
and
I made haste to get up,
Assistance
of two
Servant - Men
I had
the
College,
had
almost
But
one of the Doors before they had sufficiently secured it.
breaking in, they presently fired off three or four Pistols,
of my Servants in the Eye with the Wadde, ...
The
other
Passage
Bed with my Wife,
Morning,
Clerk
Governour Nicholson' s dale -Administration...
i bout
College,
NICHOLSON,
in London]
a Maid,
was
about
in my Chamber,
Six
in
Weeks
the
afterwards,
College,
who Jay in a Closet just by,
Door oV the outer Room,
and
after
He had
between
as
it
the
forced
while
and
I was
One
and
with
and
open
I
hurt
asleep
Two
in
heard somebody a opening
turned
the
Lock
of it,
was
one
come
in
the
the
quite
�95.
to
thro'
our
not ( for
it
was
double-
lock'
to
the
to turn that LocK
d,
and the Key within)
He shook that Door so violently, as if
He had designed
to break it open;
and this making a very great Noise,
for it was a thin Pair of folding Doors) awaked my Wife and Me, and We
but
could
then
is (
after He had endeavoured
Chamber - Door,
likewise,
all
the
with
Both
called
for
out
it was
in
Force
who
He
is
I found
two of the Clock
the
College
and
there?
Winter,
towards
we
the Door gave no way...
again. ...
had,
that
the
heard
the
called
Governor
that
off,
to go directly
10.
light
when
the
was
a Candle,
He
outward
seen
observed
Room
between
from his own House
one
and
towards
a Light; ...
Maii 1704
The Opinion
4- 6. "
pp.
to
last,
thro'
Night...
James
Jurat
Maid
At
of January.
Him march
in the Morning
without
I
End
of the
three
Blair
subscribing
Lawyers
in relation
to
this
Affidavit.
What
true,
as
than
that
Virginia,
Blair
Mr.
here
has
is
sworn,
so
impossible
be
in his
Knowledge
that we conceive it doth not require any other Answer,
every Line here makes appear that the whole is false.
S.
Thomson,
A.
G.
July 25.
almos+
Rich.
1705
Wharton.
John
It• is
to
be
Holloway.
that Blair could have found none of these
observed,
from the Boys shutting out their
lying Accusations against the Governour,
if it had been a constant
Masters,
to
sworn,
downright,
that
the
Custom
had
Custom;
been
left
and
therefore
he
swears
off,
contrary to the Knowledge
that the Boys had
and Affidavits of every one belonging to the College,
to the Year complained
of,
1702,
except in
every Year done so, from 1699,
the Year 1700,
having no Occasion to shut their Masters out for Leave,
having obtained it before the usual Time, by the General Assembly' s meeting
in
the
pp.
College: ...
The Affidavit
21- 23
of Thomas Johnson.
Williamsburgh
I Thomas Johnson having seen an Affidavit of Mr.
dated
the
first
of May
1704,
do
declare,
Commissary Blair at Christmas 1702,
his
Service,
before
till Mrs.
Christmas
Blair
1702,
went
and
for
Jan.
Commissary
That I was Servant to
some
time
England.
I
17.
before,
and
remember,
1704- 5.
Bla.ir' s,
the
said
continued
that
some
in
time
Mr.
Blair then Lodging in the College, the Scholars
shut up the Doors of the Grammar School, Mr. Blair called me up ( I being
then
the
in
Bed)
School
Doors,
and
I
went
Doors.
and
Mr.
afterward
with
him,
together
with
gave
it
to
the
at which
Negro,
were fired by the Scholars...
Upon the firing
run
and
Mr.
out
of
Newman
the
told
the
Mrs.
Blair,
Piazza'
Carpenter,
s
of
to
a. Negro
Blair with an Axe endeavoured
that
the
come
Capitol,
and
when
I
Mr.
Blair
in
his
Chamber,
Mr.
Blair
said,
Blair
College.
and
came
and
break
back (
told
was
time
and
open
the
School
which
was
about
that
Newman
to
break
several
of the Pistols,
shot,
I was afterwards
him
Man,
then
Girl
Blair
came
sent to call John
Doors,
an
a Negro
Mrs.
Johnson
said
Pistols
he being
Hour
would
then at
after)
found
not
come. '
I
Whereupon,
that he must then let the Scholars alone till Morning.
Tho.
open
to break open the
�23- 24
pp.
The Affidavit
is
I
do
Williamsburgh
Jane
Newman
Christmas
1702,
that
declare,
and
for
some
Jan.
I
of Jane Newman.
to
was
Years
Servant
17,
Mr.
Commissary
and
preceeding,
1704- 5.
continued
his
I
was
I
Married.
remember,
some
Service,
before
till April following,
1702,
the Scholars one Night nailed up the Doors of the Grammar
when
that
Blair at
in
time
Christmas
School,
lodged
I
in
the
in
heard
College,
the
him
to
College:...
talk
to
the
told
that the Boys had
upon
which
called
Mrs.
a. Negro
them
to
Fear
in Mr.
Blair
out
Scholars
their
in
and
Latin,
shut the School Doors,
Laughed
at which time Mr.
Masters,
Blair got out of Bed,
Mr.
and
Smiled
at
and
open
the
School
went
Blair'
out,
then he came in again,
and
it:
would
not
open
He put on his
and I think an English Servant Man...
Man,
break
shut
Then
and
to
and
and
him;
and
Cloaths,
went
with
Doors.
At that time I did not perceive any
but shortly after some Pistols, or Guns
being fired, a Negro Girl came running in, and said the Boys had shot her
Master:
Upon whicri Mrs.
Blair got up, and went out and talked to the Boys,
and
called
not
answer,
Mr.
Allen,
or his
Wife,
Blair,
who
Blair,
to
John
or the rest
and
Mr.
was
of the
then
in
Scholars
the
School,
but
either
would not let him;
he
would
by that time
were called up, and came down, and heard the
Scholars
threaten
to shoot,
saying,
there was but one way the Masters could
come in at, and they would shoot thro'
there. ...
Mr.
Blair sent his
English Servant Man to call John Newman Carpenter (
who is now my Husband)
he being then at the Capitol, to come and break open the School Doors, but
Robertson
he did not come; in the mean time Mr. Blair and his Wife went from one Door
of the School to the other, talking to the Scholars, and I heard one of the
Scholars say, they had Victuals and Drink enough,
drink
the
some
Wine
Carpenter
he said
with
would
them:
not
And
come,
when
Servant
and
Man
asked
Mrs.
returned,
Blair
and
I don' t remember
at Mr.
Blair'
Mr.
any thing of my hearing any one Knocking,
s
Chamber
Door,
nor that he called me up, on such
adjoyning to the said Chamber, and
Chamber,
as is mentioned
an
Account.
there
a Negro
that
Ch- mber,
or making
in his Affidavit...
I used
was
to
told,
Blair and his Wife being in their
they must let the Boys alone the rest of the Night. ...
a Noise,
or
the
to lye in the Closet,
Girl,
that lay in the
and I don' t remember that any other Woman used to lye in the Closet
Chamber,
except
sordetimes
be one of them might
lye
hhen
there,
Mrs.
and
Jane
Blair
then
I
hired
used
Women
to
lye
to
there
wash,
that
mlE,:-
also. ...
Newman,
Her Mark
pp.
25- 26
KATHEEINE YOUNG' S Declaration
concerning Mr.
Commissary
Blair.
Jan.
23, 1704- 5.
I Katherine Young, do declare,
my Remembrance)
to Mr.
Account
for
Money:
The Falshood
Book,
Victuals,
where in
Court was
I Do
the
in
April
I
never
1703,
shortest
that
or
made
any
Complaint (
other,
to
the
best
of
that his Excellency' s
amounted only to Thirteen Pounds odd
of that Assertion
the Account,
well
that
Robert Beverly,
Court
appearing plainly by my husband'.
is considerably
more,
tho°
that
I had known.
remember,
that
in
December,
of Dieting the Scholars in the College,
1701,
they some
I having then the Charge
time before Christmas
�97.
shut
the
School
against
Doors,
their
obtain Leave to break up sooner;
in
Masters,
upon
which
Mr.
order ( as
Blair
I understood)
came
to
me,
angrily asked me,
how I durst give his Children Victuals in the
To which
I answered,
and said that I encouraged them to rebel.
to
and very
School,
that
I
knew
but as for the Scholars I was appointed. for that purpose,
and paid for their Victuals: Upon which Words, he called me impudent Hussey
Th.en the said Mr.
Blair taking up his Cane, pushed me in the Breast with
it, being at that time standing: at the head of the Stairs,
that goes down
to the Kitchen,
and had not my Cook - maid been just at my Back, and supported
no
Children
he
had,
he had pushed me down the said Stairs.
it is a common Saying of mine, that there
me,
Fast,
House,
at his Excellency':
that
As to what Mr. Blair says,
is always either a Feast or a
I never used such an Expression
Katherine Young
in my Life...
her Mark
REFERENCES
and Proceedings of the
for invalidating
what Mr.
Blair,
in his Affidavit of May 1, 1704, charges
on his Excellency, in relation to the College.
Trustees
1.
to particular
and
Goveznours
Orders
of
the
AN Order of the General Meeting,
Lud.well,
agree
with
Mr.
John
College,
That
Tullit,
Mr.
Fouace,
Blair,
Mr.
and
Coll.
for Timber to finish thf
or any other,
College,
Page
27.
2.
A Resolve of the General Meeting, That an Offer be made to the Governous
and Council of whatsoever Rooms within the College that may be wanted for
P.
35.
the use of the Country,
3. An Order to the Committee,
to Provide Plank and Timber for finishing the
College,
4.
Ibid.
Divers
Orders
of
the
General,
in
relation
to
the
Carpenters
College,
5.
about the Hens Order of Pay,
His Excellency' s Proposal about the Penny
6.
The
P.
per Pound
promoted
7.
of
the Interest
the
Trustees...
the
in Maryland.
P.
Declaration
Work of
37.
That his Excellency
42.
bath always
P. 46.
of the College,
What his Excellency declared in relation to the Two Hundred Pounds given
by him for Founding
10.•
a Scholarship, &
P.
c
50
Proposal of his Excellency to take the House where he now lives,
Rate
It
College,
and
is
to
so cannot
observable,
were Mr.
be
noted,
was entrusted
that the whole Management
to a Committee,
Bla.ir' s
have prevented
two of the
Servants,
their being
chief
Wages.
And
it
is
the
to
of the
whereof his Excellency was but one,
Carpenters
employed
and
about
it
is
also
the College,
and if they were unskilful,
it was his Duty to
employed;
but whether they were or not, he reaped
the Benefit of their Labour,
their
of the Building
be charged with any Fault on that Account;
that
at
ibid [ p. 54]
per Annum.
of 30 £.
and never complained of the Extravagancy of
be
supposed,
he
of the Haste of finishing ( if any was)
knew
as
well
as any Workman
how
to
employed
make
Advantage
in that
Service.
Memorandum,
other Room,
and
That his Excellency
was
Rector
for
above
lay in the Council
a
Twelve
Month
at
Chamber,
that
and
had no
Time.
Memorandum,
to look
for
the Order
for the use of the Hall and Kitchen.
Memorandum,
to
for
the
of
Assembly,
look
Order
for removing the Records.
Council
General
Court,
and
�97- a
Is
NICHOLSON
Not
MSS.
dated.
Memorandum
Inc.
Colonial Williamsburg,
Ca.
1704/ 5 ?)
of Several
faults
in the Building
of Wm & Mary
to the sd
Colledge wch have proved dangerous & prejudical
Building
All the chimneys in the 2d Story are scarce big enough
for a Grate whereas the only firing in this Country being
wood,
a fire cant be made in them wthout running the hazard
of its falling on the floor, as it once happened in the
room where the Sectys office was kept,
a log tumbling out
of the Chimney sott the floor on fire & had it not been
timely discovered might have burnt down the building the
Chimney in the School hath some Joynts laid into the very
hearth
so tht
one
of the Sd Joynts
took
fire;
but being
timely discovered the danger was prevented
The chimney over the Hall hath one of the principal
Girders running through the middle of the hearth whereby
no use can be made of it
The hearth in the Councill
chamber had Some plank
laid just under it insomuch tht at Christmas 1702,
Constant
took
fire being kept there,
fire & was
The
the
ovens
almost
were
all
made
consumed
wthin
so
wood
under
before
the
the
it was
Kitchin,
a
hearth
discovered
but
when
they were heated the Smoke was so offensive tht it was
found necessary
to pull them down &
build
others
out
of
doors
The
there
drain
cost
above
100 &
is So ill
contrived tht
is no desent whereby the water Stagnating
offensive
to
the
Smell &
corrupts
the
water
in
is very
wells
so
tht both are useless unless just after the drain has been
cleaned.
Someone
has
written "
ca. 1720?"
Manuscript -
but it seems
building.
MG
in pencil on this
to concern the first
�98.
VIRGINIA
MAGAZINE
OF
A Modest Reply to Mr.
Commissary
I doubt not his present
p. 160]
BIOGRAPHY,
HISTORY &
Vol
Blairts
IX,
Answer
Exc' lly will
153- 154,
pp.
to my
Reasonwi-
be as forward
in Laying
on
but
would
ye Top Stone as Govr Nicholson was in laying ye foundation,
have
Blair be Disse bled from Turning
Mr.
PUBLIC
Also
RECORD
MEMORANDUM
C. O.
Mss. -
OF FRANCIS
I
out of Govrs, ...
Photostat -
55/ 1314.
Col.
OFFICE -
Nicholson
160
Colonial Williamsburg,
Inc.
k'msbg.]
NICHOLSON
CONCEENING
JAMES
BLAIR' S A.FFADAVIT.
1704/ 51
March 3,
May be Mr Blair either did not keep Copys of the letters he wrote to
me,
or
he
d.oth
not
remember
them,
alsoe Copys of those I wrote
but
to him:
I
but
think
he
that
and
the
I
have
others
them
all,
have
as
forgott
to give me creditt for the Money & other things they have had of me
especially Mr Blair. and I hope that I have done some good in my time,
but his treacherous memory failed him in the creditt side: I hear his
owne brother [ Archibald Blair] said that his memory failed him about what
he swore concerning his scholla.rs barring out &c and his Country man Dr
Bill whome he brought over with him,
call, &
fancies
strange
sayes
he
believes
he
is
HypercondroiI
c.
things about being in fear of his life &
think his brother as well as the Dr have very good reason for what they
say, for Mr Blair in
doors but even brick
his
affidavits
agst
me,
has not only sworne
through
In his funeral oration on his late Maty
King William ( which solemnity I think I may say I performed wth as much
he reflected,
to
greatness & respect as this Country was capable of...)
give it no worse an Epithete upon their MatZsKing Charles the Second, & especially
which one Mr Alexr Walker a Minister now
in
on King James. Upon
England & one
walls. ...
of his Associates left
the College Hall., &
he
told
me
upon account of what Mr President Blair sd against King James. I
undertook it himself, & I
to him about haveing an Oration, & he
it
U
lasted above
an
hour... r
it. was
spoke
think
�CALENDAR
OF
1704- 1705,
March
PAPERS,
1705]
6,
of
Colonial
Governor
the
Series.
Nicholson
to
West
America &
1916)
London:
430- 431. (
I found
Seat
STATE
pp•
Cecil
Headlam,
the Council
Indies
ed.
of Trade
and
Plantations.
it absolutely necessary to live at Williamsburgh,
being the
Government,
for getting the Publick buildings dispatched;
when I
came there
I could have no other house
had
of
and may be if I had not made use of it, it might
been quite ruined.
I was by agreement with the Trustees
it
by this
etc.
the
time have
cnly
than what I now live in.
I
Colledge,
to have
laid. out
but
759.,
I
expended
above
and
was only to have
200f.,
if
for which
I dyed
or
left
I
the
the use of it: for three years,
College
was to have it.
I now pay 30f. per annum for
it, and there is no other house in town,
only Mr. Aarrison' s, about which
I was once treating with him...
My accusers etc. have had all the
advantage possible of me both here and in England, for the Petition and
country before,
the
Memoriall I find was signed May 20, 1703, a little after the Assembly and
General
Court and Mr.
President Blair used privately to invite these
gentlemen and some of the Burgesses
and others to his lodgings
Colledge to drink chocolate in the morning,
afternoon
a glass
NICHOL60N
MSS.
Letter
from
and
maybe
in
the
of wine;
Colonial
Francis
Williamsburg,
Nicholson,
dated
Va.
March
8,
1705,
to ?Duke of Bedford]
Virginia.,
Honble
in the
sometimes
March
8th 1704/ 5.
Sir
isI should
not acknowledge
pleased
to
Ingratitude,
if I did.
be guilty of that worst of Crimes,
ye many undeserved favours & kindnesses wch you have been
do me, ...
May be few men have been so used as I have been kr a parcel of
Coats...
but I find as yet Dr Bray to be an honester man than Blair;
hath not
for he only talk1d falsely Scandalously & maliciously of me... &
Sworne
agt as Blair hath done:
for he bath not only Sworne through deal
Black
boards &
brickwalls,
but also my very thoughts &
VIRGINIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY &
BIOGRAPHY,
Vol.
William
Robertson
VIII,
pp.
make oath that at Christmas
and lodged there when the
of William and Mary College,
out
their
Master.
I was
called
out of bed
143- 146.
This was an ancient
Barring Out at William and Mary.
practice in English schools.]
I,
imaginacons. ...
to
come down
1702 I was Clerk
School boys shutt
to Mr.
Blair who
I heard talking wth them & persuading them to open the door,
succeeding he went to break it open and called for a Negro man &
servant for that purpose.
And when the negro went about breaking
but
door,
that
a
not
white
open the
one of the Boys fired at him with Powder.
As to the Custom of shutting out the Masters I heard it was first
practiced in 1699 and that the school boys had provided fire arms but they
were discovered and taken away by one of the Masters, and in 1701 I heard
they shutt out the Masters again,
but
as
I was not
then
concerned
about
the
�100.
College nor present at any of those times, I can say nothing of ny own
Will
knowledge. ...
The above affidavit sworn before us this
Robertson.
3rd day of May 1705.
I,
John Allen usher of the Grammar School of William & Mary College
do make Oath that when the School Boys of the College Shutt out the Master
before
Christmas
almost
all
the
1702 I was
then
in the
present with Mr.
College &
night, ...
As to the Custome of Shutting out the Master which Mr.
I do affirme
quite left off for some years,
banished &
Blair
that
Blair
it was
says
was
always
practiced from the first bringing of it in, to the year 1704 complained of
in the Affidavit except in the year 1700, when the Genll Assembly mett in the
College Hall the 5th of December & continued Sitting till the 27th thereof,
And I do
for which reason the Scholars were dismissed sooner than ordinary.
very well remember that at Christmas in the year 1699 when I was a Scholar,
We Shutt the Doors against our Masters at which time his Excell.2Z gave us
money
to buy Victuals &
had opened
Drink &
after we had obtaind leave to be dismist
Blair himself together with Sevll of his
Mr.
the School Doors,
Relations participated of the entertainmt which we had provided with the
Swords &
money aforesaid, at which time we had powder,
John
Arms but were taken from us by Surprise.
other
Pistols,
Guns,
Allen...
3rd day of May 1705.
I the subscriber Head Plaster of the Grammer School of William & Mary
in Virg, having seen and considered an Affidavit of Mr Commissary
he
sworn the first day of May, 1704, wherein amongst other things,
Esqr, ...
with giving money to the
taxes his ExcellSZ Francis Nicholson,
School boys of the said School to buy powder & Shot, when they shut me out,
College,
Blair,
at
Christmas,
17021 and that he has too much reason to fear it was contrived
on purpose for him,
should
kill
insinuating
thereby,
that his ExcellSy designed the boys
him.
I do therefore make oath that I know not the least ground for such a
suggestion having made strict enquiry amongst the scholars if they had any
shott,
or knew of any harm designed against Mr.
And as to what he [
Blair]
Mr.
of shutting out the Master,
says
Blair...
that we had
and that it was quite
banished
the
custom
left off for some years,
I do from my own knowledge affirm that it was practiced every year from the
first bringing in of it, to the year complained of,
except in the year 1700,
when the Genll Assembly mett in the College Hall in December, a little before
the usual time of our breaking up and I dismissed my scholars sooner than
ordinary upon that Accot....
Mongo
the 3rd day of May,
IBID,
pp.
Ingles,
Head
Master.
1705. ...
260- 263
Depositions
in Regard to " the Shutting Out".]
May ye 31,
I,
do
the
Declare (
subscriber,
1705.
having been formerly usher of the Grammar school...
that to the best of my Rememberance),
the Master commenced first in ye year 1699•
the custom of Shutting out
And in ye year 1700 The Genll
�101.
Assembly meeting and setting in the College,
to dismiss
Is
obtained
the usual
1701
the
went
to
the Scholars
Scholars
somewhat
shutt
England &
so
out
knew
the
sooner
than
Masters
nothing
of
time.
the
In
Master
the
year
but in the year 1702 I
Blair taxes his excell.EZ
again,
of what
leave
Mr.
wth...
Orlando
Jones.
1705
May ye 31,
having fired several of the pistols, doe Declare
I Declare
that we let
that I know nothing of any Shott being in them.
Charles Doyl & John Grymes out of the Window by a Rope and not by a
Ladder.
Charles Doyle was sent out to bring Powder from Mr. Henry
I,
Tyler'
the
s
subscriber,
house...
Jno.
A deposition
to
the
same
effect
Simpson
and
made by George Hunt,
follows,
another by John Lear on page 370. 1
H.
R.
McIlwaine
EXECUTIVE
JOURNALS
Vol.
P.
III,
OF
THE
COUNCIL
OF
COLONIAL
VIRGINIA (
1928)
Richmond:
4
May the 9th 1705
40 ...
His
had
to
Excellcy
ordered
be
will
the
removed
have
the
Ordered
acquainted
Records
to
the
the
their
Records
the
Clerk
Council
House,
that
and
and proposed
Capitol,
Council
that
of
removed.
of
the
of
the
House
the
Secreta. rys
of
WILLIAM &
likewise.
Council
Whereupon
take
care
to
it, is
remove
all
with
the
all
speed.
MARY
COLLEGE
Letter from Miles
the
office
to the Council whether they
Records belonging to the Council office from the College, ...
convenient
Burgesses
PAPERS.
Cary,
rector
Folder
54
of
College,
the
ms.
concerning
meeting
of
Governors.]
William &
June
Mary College
lst 1705
Yesterday being appointed for a meeting of the Governs of the
we were disappointed thereof by the absence of severall Gentn
The Gentlemen who gave their attendance are of opinion that it is
College,
absolutely
reparations
necessary
to
be
to have a speedy meeting,
ordered
about
the
there being many
College...
Niles Cary
Added in same handwriting]
The College was consumed by fire the 29th October of this same year.
�102.
VIRGINIA
Miles
MAGAZINE
Cary,
OF
HISTORY &
BIOGRAPHY,
Vol.
VIII,
264- 265
pp.
to the Trustees and Governors of William and Mary
Rector,
College.]
William &
Sr -
June
Mary College,
Yesterday being appointed for a meeting of the Trustees &
8th,
1705.
Governrs
of William & Mary College & a Sufficient Number not appearing,
the Gents
present were of Opinion that further time should be appointed for a Genll
meeting in Pursuance of wch I have by their Direction appointed a meeting
of the Trustees & Governrs on Thursday next, being the 12th Instant, in
Order to the choosing a Rector, Repairing, &
Finishing the College &
other
matters
as
shall
be
thought
necessary...
Rector.
Xiles Cary,
IBID.
p.
269
Virginia.
Royal
Colledge
June 13,
Wee
Francis
Nicholson,
SamL11 Gray,
of
Wm. &
Mary,
1705.
Miles Cary, &
William
Randolph,
of
ID
ye major part of ye Surviving Trustees of ye Royal College
William & Mary being met at a Genll meeting of ye Trustees &
Governrs of ye said College & Considering it ye Reverd James Blair,
who is by Charter appointed President of ye sd College, has been
Formerly Allowed one hundred & fifty pounds Sterl. P[ er] annum in order
to ye more expiditious carrying on ye Building, erecting,
founding,
College,
establishing & furnishing ye sd.
to ye end ye Same might be
Transferred according to ye sd Chaster, which not being effected & he
the
sd Mr.
Blair having absented himself from his Attendance
on ye
service
of ye sd College by going for England without the consent,
Leave &
Governrs & there Continueing
approbation of ye sd Trustees, & c.,
for almost two years, Do Declare That it is our Opinion yt ye sd
allowance
be
Discontinued &
OF
THE
yt no further allowance
be made him in yt
Respect.
A JOURNAL
TRAVELS...
June
LIFE
Newcastle-
26,
OF
THOMAS
upon- Tyne:
STORY [
1747,
to
of the College for Time being,
being of a pleasant natural Temper,
that
that
was
he, "
Here we sometimes
the one to edify, and
Doubtless
until
ALSO,
OF
HIS
387- 388
17051
THIS Conversation being ended,
Chapel;
AND
Quaker]...
PP.
1732
refers
MG]
the
most
the Governor
shew
us
he
useful
told
Place
preach and pray,
the
to
other
the
to
Great
the
ordered
Buildings
us,
in
when
all
he
the
the President
of
it;
came
College;
and sometimes we fiddle
divert
The
Chapel
was
not
he
their
for,
said
and dance;
us." ...
Hall.
and
into
built
�103.
William
Stevens
HISTORICAL
Virginia,
RELATING
139- 140 (
pp.
Mungo
Mr.
Perry
COLLECTIONS
Ingles
to
Also
TO THE AMERICAN
Nicholson
Francis
Gov.
Mss.
COLONIAL
Colonial
CHURCH -
Vol.
Williamsburg, !
I
Ile.)
Nicholson.]
Augt
th
1705.
May it please your Excellency,
I think it my duty to acquaint your excellency, that I intend to
but very improperly called,
quit the Grammar School ( which is commonly,
both as master & Housekeeper,
the College),
on the 25th day of Septr
next.
I have many reasons which move me to this, & shall only mention
some
of
them.
William '_&
Blair
Mr Blair, president of the intended College of
wnen last in Engle ordered his Brother' s Son, John
Because,
lst.
Mary,
to be taken
he broke
only
the Ice
took
they),
laudible
from School, which accordingly was done & by so doing,
for 5 or 6 more of his Kindred & Party, who likewise,
of the whole,
their
Sons &
by which means
example,
relations
from
school,
which had almost broke
the School &
after
almost
I lost 7 scholars,
was
a
his
one
third
considerable
six of them being my Boarders.
by such proceedings I have very good reason to
have turned
the noble design
of the
think,
that Mr Blair & his party,
College,
into a stalking- horse to serve a turn...
3221 Because, he has a.ddress' d the Queen to remove your Excellency,
the great Patron & Promoter of it...
Because,
4th
I have all along found Mr Blair uneasy & dissatisfied
with the present Govrs; & I being none of his party cannot expect to
live comfortably & easy in his Society.
Because,
5th
he has highly injured & disgraced not only your
but my school, my Scholars & myself in one of his affidavits,
excellency,
by making your Excellency the contriver & my scholars the executioners
loss
to
me,
2nd
Because,
so
as
to
have
it
believed,
by which means he has done
what he could to make my scholars to be thought a Company of Cut- throats
of
a
bad
design...
or
a
Crew
of
Banditti...
Country &
of
such
tho'
virtuous
they are the best gentlemen' s Sons in the
honest principles as are not
dispositions &
easily to be matched in most Grammar Schools...
6th
that - the intended
by 12 years experience,
Mary will never arrive at any greater Perfection
while Mr Blair demands &
than a Grammar School,
takes his salary yearly
as President while it is only a Grammar School,& while there remains no
more money behind than will barely pay the Usher & Writing Master &
myself,
which 2 years ago, came very far short even of that... For these
rea. sons, I am resolved,
to quit the School at the term abovementioned &
College
to
I
of
have
no
I
have
learnt,
William &
am
more
to
do
with
it,
while
Mr
Blair
is
concerned
with
Your Excellency' s
Most
Humble
1 RMGO
William &
Mary College,
Augt Sty 1705.
0
Servant,
INGLIS.
it.
�104.
IBID,
p.
161 (
Also
Some Remarks
upon
Nicholson
iMss.)
The Minutes
of the Proceedings
Clergy of Virginia at the Church at Williamsburg,
etc.
up,
James
by Mr.
Blair,
Commissary, &
at a Meeting
Aug.
29,
of the
drawn
1705,
c.]
A separate meeting of the Clergy at the house of Mr. Jno.
Young where Govr Nicholson lives, which separate meeting of the Clergy
was not a regular meeting of the Clergy..."
The morning before our meeting together in the Church, a certain
at the house
paper was drawn up & agreed to not ( as it is in the Acct),
of Mr. Jno.
Young where Govr Nicholson lives but at Mr. Whately' s
lodgings,
of Mr.
in
Jno.
EXECUTIVE
the
College,
tho'
from
thence
carried
indeed
to
the
house
Young...
JOURNALS
OF THE COUNCIL
OF COLONIAL
VIRGINIA,
Vol.
III,
P.
46
October ye 30th 1705
Whereas the College of William and Mary was by a dreadful fire
consumed last night His Excellency was pleased this day very earnestly
to recommend to the Council the examining into the cause of that sad
disaster.
The Council do unanimously concur in opinion with his
Excellency that such an examination will be a great satisfaction to all
Persons whatever the event may be, and. therefore agree that a message
be
sent to the house of Burgesses
their
members
to
assist
at ye
to desire
sd
them to appoint
Examination.
LEGISLATIVE JOURNALS OF THE COUNCIL OF' COLONIAL
Tuesday
October
some of
VIRGINIA,
Vol.
I,
P.
435
30th 1705.
His Excellency
having
with
great
concern
represented
to the Council
how necessary it is that an examinacon be made into the occasion of that
sad & deplorable accident wch happened last night of the burning of
William & Mary College;
The Council
of the Council to take Examinacons
Ordered
that a. message
be
that such a number of Burgesses
in examining
into
that matter
think fitt to appoint six members
concerning
that unhappy disaster.
sent to the house of Burgesses
and
to desire
as the house shal think fitt may assist
to -meet to morrow at 11 aclock
in the
Conference.
Ordered
Robert
ye
that
Carter, &
Jno
Edmund
Custis
Jenings,
Esgrs &
Dudley
Digges,
Benjamin
Harrison,
Mr Comm Blair be appointed
to take
sd Examinations.
Wednesday October 31st 1705
Aemessage from the Burgesses to ye Council by Mr Peter Beverley &
others who acquainted the Council that the House agreed to the proposal
made for taking examinations
concerning the burning of William & Mary
College &
time &
had appointed twelve of their Members to meet the Council at ye
place mentioned
in their message.
�105.
H.
McIlwaine,
R.
JOURNALS
OF
THE
Wednesday
ed.
HOUSE
OF
October
His Excly having
BURGESSES
OF
VIRGINIA,
1702/ 3- 1712,
139- l.,
0
pp.
ye 31st 1705
with
great
Concern
Represented
to
the Council
how necessary it is That an Examination be made into The Occasion of
That
sad
and
Deplorable
which
accident (
happened
The Council
Burning William and Mary Colledge;
the
other
Night)
of
Think fitt to Appoint
Six of Their Members to Take Examinations concerning that unhappy
Disaster, &
Therefore
Desire
this
house
to
Appoint
Such
a Number
of
Their Members as They Shall Think fitt, to Assist in Examining into
that Matter to Meet This Day at Eleven a Clock in the Conference Room.
Ordered
That Mr Peter
Beverley,
and Mr Hill wait upon The Council
appointed Twelve of their Members
Mr Miles
Cary Mr Robert
and place by Them Appointed)
to Inquire into The Occasion
Disaster of Burning William and Mary Colledge.
VIR. GINIA
MAGAZINE
OF
HISTORY,
TESTIMONY
TO
THE
be swept
since
VI,
BURNING
last Spring
pp.
OF
as there
use
made
of
the
kitchen
sine=
of That unhappy
272- 277
COLLEGE
OF
WM. &
was occasion
MARY,
1705.
for it but ye time
its being swept last ye Deponent cannot exactly remember &
no
Beverley
and Acquaint Them That This house hath
to Assist Their Honours ( at The Time
there
of
bath
been
Mr.
Ingles left ye College at Michaelmas.
As to ye shutting of ye College gates
they used generally to be shutt at
night,
both in ye time of Mr. Blair and Mr. Ingles' s keeping the college
and since the latters leaving ye College this Deponent hath shutt them
And this to
several nights but cannot say they were always shut at night.
ye best of the Deponent' s knowledge and remembrance is ye truth.
Henry Randolph being one that lodged in ye College of William & Mary
at ye time of its being burnt doth testify that he was then in bed asleep,
and one that lay in bed with him cryed out the College is on fire, wch
awaked him, and looking up he saw the fire coiaing over the brick wall into
his
Room &
so starting out of bed he ran down a back pair of stairs,
into
the great hall and opened the door and ran out, and when he had sot about
sixty or seventy yards he looked back, and all ye roof of the College was
on fire to his thinking.
George Burton,
painter,
saith that he lay in the Countrys houses at
ye Capitol
on ye 29th of Octr last at night.
That after he had heard ye
Capitol
Clock strike Eleven one Wm.
Craig cryed out the College was on
fire, Whereupon
the Deponent jot out of bed, and seeing the light he ran
out to ye Street wch fronts ye College & saw ye fire to his thinking on ye
North side of the Cupulo,
then ye Deponent with sevll other persons that
were at work about ye Capitol went up to ye College,
but before he got up
the fire was got round ye Cupulo and it for ye most part is consumed.
Collo.
follows:
0
Edward
Hill
being
one who lodged
in ye College
saith
as
�lob.
On Monday last about 9 o' clock I went to bed in Mr. Speaker' s Chamber
wch was in ye South end of the College ( in wch place I have laine since the
Sitting of the Assembly untill the College was unhappily burnt), I had not
been long in bed as I presume ( for about 12 o' clock I looked on my watch
then the
College
was almost
consumed)
some noise made by two or 3 persons
when I was awakened as I suppose by
I found
standing at some distance
from
ye College towards a little house, called as I understand ye Smoak house
upon my first coming out.
Being so awakened I got up out of my bed and put
on m. breeches( I think no other clothes) opened a little door that goes out
7
of ye speaKer' s Chamber into the piazzas, & so ran out of ye South door,
what past of the stairs I went down I cannot remember, but as soon as I was
out I looked up to see what was ye matter.
suppose
ye College
Seeing a great light I did
was on fire,
but not seeing any fire as I looked up I
cast my eyes towards the Smoke house or Westerly as I take it, and Saw two
or 3 people wch I did suppose
to be those people that belonged
to Mr.
Ingles, &
wch I understood sometime before to have lodged in ye Sellar,
those people I observed was standing looking towards that part that was
called the Hall,
and as soon as I faced that building to the best of my
remembrance
I saw a light fire about one third to one half frohi the East
end of the building called the Hall about half of the roof.
I did not look
narrowly whether there was any fire in any other part of the building,
it' s very probably there might be about, ye joining
the North End.
As soon as I was satisfyed
on
of
the
roofs,
but
I mean
the College was on fire,
I
made
haste back into ye Chamber and looking round considering what was most
valuable
to
save.
I pitched on my Chest,
and by myself drag' d it out by
one end into the piazzas and from thence out of ye South door and at some
little distance I left ye Chest, and then returned once more back into ye
room somethings ye Chamber where I lay took out a sword that was in ye window
and from else,
and
but what
I can' t remember,
but before
I came out I
went into ye Closet ( and to ye best of my remembrance the Closet door was
open)
and from thence I took out a portmanteau &
and went out of ye same door as I did at first,
a sadle
and
and carryed
Silver
those
tankard
things I
had in my arms and on my back, almost as far as ye, road ye cross going to
Jno.
Young' s,
but if I remember well I had like to be knock' d on ye head
with something flung out of a window at ye South end.
After my return from
Securing these things, I last carried out I saw Mr.
Henry Lightfoot about ye
South end and got him to help me to (move my chest wch I had left at my first
out, at that time I remember
coming
on
I think not
fire &
sevll people about the College.
sooner)
ye
Cupulo
wall
To ye best of my remembrance
all
I
saw no more than 2 or 3 persons at ye South end when I first came out, I
on fire,
and to ye best of my
did not go to ye front untill ye Cupulo was
remembrance the Cup€ylo was not on fire when I first came out of ye chamber.
When I went to bed there was a. little fire in my chimney.
Mr.
Speaker
was
not in bed there that night,
and to ye best of my remembrance this is what
I know of that unhappy fire, and further that when I rose out of my bed I
heard no noise like ye firing of a chimney.
Wm.
Young of Bruton parish planter saith:
That on ye 29th of Octr last he came from Capt.
Keelings
house
at
Skimino and between ten or 11 o' clock at night past by the College where he
perceived no light,
rode
towards
road
side,
Colo.
but a small shimmering in the kitchen.
The Deponent
Jennings quarter almost as far as ye great poplar on the
and then perceiving a light shine about him, he turn' d his horses
�107.
head and saw a great smoke and a. small flame towards ye back part of ye
College towards the piazzas as nigh as he can guess, it seemed to be midway
between ye south end of ye College and ye cupulo, he rode back to Mr.
Young' s and called out thrice to alarm ye people, telling the College was
on fire * *
During wch time as ye Deponent sat there on horse back he saw
three men running about 30 yds. distance from ye College gate towards Mr.
Henry Tylers r, d saw them run cross ye road beyond the little thicket, they
n
seemed
to be persons
colored
cloathes &
two of them had dark
in pretty good apparrell,
the
other
light
all
colored &
had
hatts,
but
At last a woman
the
came out of
Deponent did not see these persons return.
Young' s house, and cryed fire ! fire 1
Then the Deponent alighting
tyed his horse at Mr.
Young' s and went from thence to ye College where
sevll people were got before him and particularly Mr. Young' s servt
maid.
When he came there he remembers to have seen a gent. - in black,
standing by ye College, whom he thought to be Mr. Whateley, he then saw
ye fire get about ye cupulo, and ye back -side of ye roof over the piazzas
Mr.
seemed
to
be
all
on
fire,
but did not go to ye back part of ye building
till after ye smoke house was on fire wch was late.
Wm.
Eddings,
overseer
to Mr.
Commissary
Blair
saith:
That on Monday the 29th of Octr after he was gone to bed he heard
ye dogs bark in his corn field, and his wife getting up to see what was
end telling him there were horses in his corn field, he made a
shift to get up, tho' he was very lame and as lie comes out he perceived a
light in ye air and a great smoke, and ye light encreasing he perceived
ye
matter,
the College was on fire and could see clearly the chimneys and the cupulo,
and it seemed to him that the fire was on ye north side of ye cupulo,
between ye two chimneys on the back part of ye college over the piazzas,
the Deponent being very lame could not go to ye college.
saith
And
but
further
not.
Novemr
ye 8th,
1705.
John Young, ordinary keeper in Wmsburg, saith:
That on ye 29th of October last, he was awaked out of bed by his
Servant maid
Susanna
Hooper,
telling
him the College
was on fire,
whereupon
he got up and saw a great light but staid till he had put on his Cloaths
and
then
running
was
then
on
to ye College
fire,
and
Susanna Hooper,
to the
further
saith
Servant
Jno.
best of his remembrance
the
Cupulo
not.
Young,
That on ye 29th of October last,
as
sworn,
she
saith:
was
in Mr. Young' s kitchen
one Young called at the door, crying out ye College is on fire,
why don' t you get up & save yrselves,
Whereupon this
else yowl be burnt.
at night,
Deponent look' d out &
end
near
Mr.
While
into
the
saw the College
on fire as she supposed
on ye south
Young' s house between that & the- Cupulo
she was calling the sd gentlemen,
the above named Young; came
kitchen
and
sate down
there.
The Deponent look' d out at ye window of a Room on ye North end of
Mr.
Young' s house above
stairs where
fire on ye south side of ye Cupulo &
John
Morot,
Capt.
ye
West lay,
Cupulo
was
and perceived
not
then
on
the
fire.
saith:
Ordinary Keeper, sworne,
That on ye 29th Octr last at night he was in his house, he saw a
great light shine throuvh his window, and going out he perceived the roof
of the College on the North Side of the Cupulo to be on fire, whereupon he
ran in and told some gentlemen who were there in his house, who all came
�108.
out and went
after
of
them,
the
The Deponent * *
to ye College, as the Deponent believes.
looked upon ye College, and then ye fire was got on both sides
Cupulo.
Captain
Thomas
BE%rber
saith:
That on ye 29th of Octr last, as he was in bed at night in one of
ye Country' s houses near the Capitol, he was awakened by Mr. Miles Cary,
who
called
out
the
College
was
on fire.
Whereupon
and running out towards the street saw ye fire,
the
but dotii not remember
Cupulo,
whether
as
any other
Consideration
thinks,
round
about
part was on fire.
November,
Williamsburg,
Upon further
the Deponent got up,
he
of some questions
1705.
asked me (
Upon my
examination the other day concerning the unhappy accident of the College
being burnt) relating; to ye great hall of ye College, I am apt
that soon after I came down to the South end of ye sd College,
running to and fro in my fright and hurry, moving things thrown
I once
windows.
see
the
south
side
of the roof of the
to
think
as
I
said Hall
was
out of ye
on fire,
but I cannot be positive whether I did or not.
C.
C.
PUBLIC
RECORD
ers
papers)
Edmund
C. O.
OFFICE
5/ l. 15
THACKER.
Extract (
Typed copy Wm. &
Mary Coll.
Secretary of Colony to Board of Trade]
Jenings,
My Lords
The Colleidge
of William & Mary was unfortunately burnt abt 11 of
His Excellency recommended to
ye Clock att night on ye 29th of October.
ye Council & Burgesses then Sitting to make inquiry by what means that
disaster
happened
but could not bee fixed, '
tis pity their Majties
ye Contributions of the Country are lost. without attaineing
the least Intended good of Virginia. ...
Benevolence &
E.
Virga
Jenings
Williamsburgh
ye 18th day of Dec.
NICHOLSON
MSS.
1705
Colonial
Letter of Mungo Ingles
Williamsburg,
Inc.
to Francis Nicholson.]
Virga
Sr• I have
inclosed
a Coppy of ye Govrs
speech
December
the
at ye opening
22th
1705.
ye Assembly
as also a Coppy of a paper read at ye barr last Genll Court by R:
Gent ( as
he
stiles
a slight
touch
himself) --
B:
foreman of ye Grand Jury in wch he gives
of ye continuance of his ill humours but on ye 30th of
us
October ye College being most unfortunately burnt ye night before his
folly malice
fai5haod &
ingratitude
seem' d
to
be
arrived
to
their
highest
pitch for in a. discourse of yt unhappy fire in company with about nine or
ten others among wch were Mr Wheatly & Mr Wharton
he openly said yt he yt
�109.
burnt Mr Pages
houses
houses
most
for
wch
burnt
horred &
yt your Excy: burnt Mr Pages
ye College - &
falce aspersion I hope he may in good time
reap ye benefit. ...
I shall inform you wt I observ' d at & since yt dreadfull
early present at it and also heard ye sevll Persons yt could
evidence
there
about
sworn &
examined.
before
the
fire being
give any
Comittee.
It is agreed by all yt it took fire on Munday ye 29th Octobr something
after
11:
a Clock at night tho ye agreemts in yt is not more
disagreement and contradiction about ye manner how it began,
Genll
ye
than ye
place
where,
whether it was set on fire or took fire b;) accident wth many other
r
circwnstances
tho
for my o m part I make not ye least
doubt
but yt it
broak out at ye South end and proceeded from ye Chimney of Mr Blairs
Chamber takeing fire some of the soot falling on ye shingles of ye roofe
at yt time very dry & ye Chimney foule.
My Reasons are chiefly these
First there was no fire that night nor for some time before
but in
ye kitchin Chimney Mr Wheatly and that, & Mi- Wheatly being at yt time
reading before a very small fire in his own Chimney was surprized with a
roring noise wch at first he took for wind but afterwards thought it to
be P Chimney on fire wch could not possible be ye kitchin or his own but he
must very easily have perceived it ye Chimneys meeting and going out in one
common
tunnel.
Secondly after Mr Wheatly had assured himself by steaping up staires
ye the South end of ye roof was on fire he soon awaken' d all yt lodged in
ye College - unless Collo Hill who lay in Mr Blairs Chamber wth ye Speaker
and is supposd to have been awake a little before having carried forth
severall things out of his Chamber before any of ye other lodgers came down
staires wch is a second argumt for ye fires beginning in his Chimney it
being otherwise
very unlikely yt he who lay on ye lower most flower
be first acquainted wth ye fire in ye roof unless ye noise & burning
his own Chimney had inform' d him of ye fire.
Thirdly, When by Mr Whea. tlys noise Mr Thacker and Harry
should
of
Lightfoot
who lay at ye South -end of ye building were affrighted and got up so soon
as Mr Thacker open' d ye dore where Mr Secretarys Office was formerly kept
ye lead of ye melted gutter dropt upon his Cloaths wch is another argument
of ye fires breaking out at the South end & wch is farther clear' d by his
ye rest getting
safely down staires
and Mr Hambleton,
who lay in Mr
Robertsons Chamber wch is near ye north end of ye building his running up
twice
after
Chamber
he
came
wth him even
down &
bringing severall things out of Mr Robertsons
after Mr Thacker & Mr Wheatly
were
by ye violence
of
ye fire forced from theirs all wch seems inconsistent and impossible if ye
fire (
as some vainly dream)
should have
began at ye north end for then must
well knowes)
in ye
ye staires have been wholy burnt ( standing as yr Excy:
Middle of ye Pile before it could have melted ye lead wch dropt on Mr
Thacker
at ye South
end.
Fourthly Harry Randolph and two other boys who lay yt night withhim in ye
northermost Chamber in ye very roof must undoubtedly have perished if the
fire had broak out there but blessed be God they very happyly saved themselves
by ye small staire yt descended down into ye Gallery in ye Hall after they
had tryed ye other way & saw ye great staires &
all
beyond '
em in a flame &
tis generally agreed these boys were ye last yt came out of ye College being
esteemd utterly lost by their friends & relations
they perceived their Happy escape and deliverance.
r
u
who
much
bewailed '
em
till
�110.
I shall not trouble your Excellency nor my self wth narrating ye
crooked
and inconsistent
acct thats
given
by some
to induce
a belief
yt
ye College was either wilfully sett on fire or elce yt it took fire at ye
north end since all ye incoherent stuff thats patch' d together for yt end
is purely advanc' d to divert ye blow & take of ye blame yt must unavoidably
fall upon Mr Blair for letting his Chamber
to Collo Hill and his Brother
But Doubt not when yr
if yt wch I have before demonstrated be allowed.
sees
Excy:
all
the
Depositions &
em wth wt is
compares '
before
re- ated
you
will finde sufficient cause to be of my opinion but much more if you were
acquainted with many other Circumstances too long to be here inserted. ...
PUBLIC
RECORD
C. O.
London.
OFFICE,
Photosta. t
5/ 1315 [
Virginia
May it please
Col.
Inc.]
Wmsburg,
Decemr
24th
1705
Your Lordships
I. rn sorry that I must give Yor Lords the melancholy news of the
burning
12
before
at night,
a
fire
broke
that
it was discovered,
Library,
the
On
of William & Mary College.
aclock
and furniture
Council
and
it was
was in a small
Burgesses
nothing can be gathered,
tell what course will
who were concerned
in
out
have
taken
the 29th
of October
wch was
there,
impossible
to
time totally
diverse
by what accident
between
got to
the building,
save. it,
A Comtee
consumed.
Examinacons
11 and
that height
about
it,
it came to be fired.
I
of
but
cannot
the Gentlemen
be taken to retrieve this misfortune,
the management
of the College have not nett to do
anything in it by reason of the want of a Rector, Collo Nicholson the present
Rector being out of the Country,
Election till next Lady day.
and they not having power to make a new
Edward
Nott
To the Board of Trade]
Robert
THE
Beverley
PRESENT
HISTORY &
Reprint,
43.
of
which,
ed.
The
Louis
STATE OF VIRGINIA,
Wright,
Building [
Chapel
Hill.,
is to
College]
are yet only carryed up.
London:
1947.
p.
consist
little
School - House
close
of a Quadrangle,
and
was
removed,
convenient
many more
yet come to it; in this part are also the Hall,
Governor
IV,
32
P.
two
sides
In this part are already finished all
Baking, & c.
Brewing,
conveniences
of Cooking,
Reception of the President, and Masters,
with
When the last
44.
finished in the College,
Book
1705.
266]
and
Rooms
Scholars
for the
than are as
School - Room.
which was before any room was
and the Boys were taught by the College -Master,
by it;
it had more
Scholars
than
it has now.
in
a
�WILLI. AM &
MARY COLLEGE
A CATALOGUE
40
51
P.
was
OF
COLLEGE
FQ ld er 63.
OF
WILLIAM &
in
1700.
The
House
destroyed
together with library
by fire.* ...
NICHOLSON
MSS.
when,
of
1859
to
be
Burgesses,
a
Ingles
square
however,
and philosophical
Colonial Williamsburg,
Portion of letter from Mongo
MARY ...
designed
The first College - building,
unfinished
1705,
THE
PAPERS,
when
met
completed,
in
it until
it was
apparatus,
Inc.
to Francis Nicholson.
Dated
Feb.
1705/ 61
7,
When
I
first
heard
its [ the
of
College]
being burnt,
I
had
so
much
charity for all mankind,
that I was of Opinion that none under a. Fury let
loose
capable
from
Hell
could
be
of
so
much
Mischief...
heard. that some have a notion of ye practicableness
But
since
I have
of it by another,
I
He that first discovered
begin to think that such a. thing may be done...
that he saw 3 Men cloathed like Gentn
ye fire, says in his Deposition,
run from ye College across ye New Kent road...
Beverly and some other of
the Party kept Drinking & ranting & carousing all that night after ye fire,
when ye Stonecutter
them
I
curs'
cannot
d
it, &
learn
went to save ye Smokehouse
from being burnt,
Another
bid him let it go with ye College.
of
One
them (
of
but
who)
was heard to say that if some Thunderbolt or lightning
they might have some hopes of having ye Seat of
Governmt
again in JamRs
Town.
It' s happening at so silent a time of ye
night,
has left us all in ye Dark about its cause and nothing but a. large
should
field
Feb.
destroy
for
ye Capitol,
conjecture
to loose
it self in.
7th 1705/ 6
This is a true Copy of part of a Letter written
School Master of College of Wm &
by Mr Mongo Ingles late
Mary in Virginia and sent to ffr:
Ficholson
Oldmixon,
John
THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN AMERICA.
Virginia,
pp.
London:
1741.
Vol.
I,
The History of
436- 7.
f•
In the former Chapter
of a College,
which was
of this
built
Treatise
at Middle
mostly at the Charge of their late Majesties
The
Foundation
was
to
consist
we have mentioned
Plantation,
the Project
now called Williamsburah,
King William and Queen Mary...
of
A Presie.ent.
Six Masters,
100
100
f.
or
a
Scholars,
Professors;
the
chief Master was to have
Year.
Graduates
or Non - graduates.
The first building stood about 200 feet in rear of the present". [
was
not
the
case.
Original
founaa. tions used after fire of 1705.
This
MG]
�112.
were to be governed and visited by certain Gentlemen named
They...
in
the
who
Charter,
were
to
be
One of these was
Place.
18.
the
and
had
perfect,
was
to
The
up.
Power
consist
The
make
Professors
were
and
to
Architecture,
Manufactures...
when
Statutes
and
and
of a Quadrangle,
Baeehouse
Kitchen,
Agriculture;
to
Bakehouse
Visitors;
read
on
all
the
Fire
put
other
and
two
finish'
liberal
to
their
of
the
The Building when
Sides
of
it
were
carried
d.
Sciences,
on
Gardning,
Navigation,
an End
Officers
Ordinances.
were
Art Military,
the
and
and
Masters,
They were to name the President,
College,
Governors
them, were impower' d to choose another in
to be Rector, and their number in all to be
upon the Death of any one of
his
called
Trade,
College
and
and
Studies.
454]...
P.
Of
with
a
the
College...
better
with
Charter liven,
allotted
for
honourable
the
of
it.
ample
it,
in
Honour
William and Mary College.
But
and
above
Students,
nor
was unfortunately
William
Stevens
HISTORICAL
advanced
destroyed
Letter
a
of
Immunities,.
President
that,
a
the
Founder,
be
it
furnish'
Grammar - School,
have
met
lTZoyal
a public k Fund was
appointed
not
could
a
since
raised,
with
was
d
with
before
an
ca.11' d
Professors
the whole College
by Fire.
Perry
COLLECTIONS
Hartford:
Virginia
and
it
Fabrick
and
of
and
c.
A stately
Privileges
Endowment
Salary, &
but
was
we have spoken already,
Account
from. James
RELATING
1870,
Blair
pp.
TO
THE
AMERICAN
COLONIAL
CHURCH,
Vol.
I -
183- 4.
to Archbishop
Tennison]
Wi1liens burgh in
Virginia,
Sept
2nd 1706. What
I would in the next place most humbly offer to your Grace' s consideration
and
favour is
the deplorable state
of
our poor College now
in
Assam# which I hope your Grace will get to be effectually recommended to
our
next Governor
whoever
he
is...
In
the
mean
time
the
Revenues
of
the
College
which used to go in paying Salaries are saved for rising a. to
Fund
to rebuild it, have freely parted with my salary for that use... &
I
WILLIAM
Mr11s
and
Col ections,
Y COLLEGE PAPERS,
Oxford
collections
Folder
11A
Hearne'
Historical Society, 1884,
of
Thomas
Hearne
help
II, p.
186.
Diaries
1706]
Letters
most Stately
from Virginia say that ye College at Wil iamsburg, a
of the best in all America, & to
Fabrick, &
one
wch the late King Wm
had been a Benefactor, was
on the 29th of October last utterly consum' d by
fire wch by an unknown accident broke out in the very dead of the Night together
with the Library, to
been
Contributors, & in
famous. sic.
ashes? ]
wch divers persons bearing any Love to Learning had
all probability would in some time have grown very
�113.
EXECUTIVE
JOURNALS
Vol.
P.
III,
April
30111
OF THE
COUNCIL
OF
COLONIkL
VIRGINI,
149
1707
Upon reading the petition of Benja. Harrison junior Esqr Setting
forth that he hath heretofore
been at great Charge &
trouble
in makeing
Collections of such materials as he thought might be necessary to enable
him to Compose a. History of this Colony of Virga from the first Discovery
and Settlement thereof but by ye Unfortunate burning of the College
amongst
sevll other things)
And therefore
he lost the greatest parte of those Collections.
that he may be admitted at Seasonable times to have
praying
access to the publick Records of this Government...
granted the petitioner
ordered
that
leave
be
for access to the publick records of the Secreta. rys
Office...
WILLIAA &
MARY COLLEGE QUARTERLY,
Letter from Mongo
Congress.
2nd
Series,
Vol.
Ingles from Fulham Mss.
Photostat
transcripts
and Mary College Papers -
William
Queen' s Creek,
Honrd
X,
73- 74.
pp.
in Library
Folder
Sept.
Va..,
of
10.]
17071
20,
Sr
The chief Design of this is to acquaint you with a Motion which is
lately come into my head, about a better Discovery of the Fatal Destruction
of her Majesties
Royal
College,
which lyes
There has been a Superficial
wants
a Melius
chief
Inquisitors,
Inquirendum.
Mr.
still
burned under
its
own ashes;
Inquiry into it, but in my Opinion there
Commissary Blair and his Party were the
and made it their business,
either
to
confound
the
Evidences with a multitude of idle questions, or to divert you from all such
discoveries as they saw would give a true light into the source & original
of
the
fire:
and
as not Necessary,
own
mouth,
some when ready to be given in, in writing,
particularly Capt. Nathaniel West, I have
that after he had drawn
and had
it up...
the Inquisitors,
shewn
they rejected
it
and Hill had whispered
into one of
they told
there was no need of his Evidence ( for it plainly discovered
in that end where Coll. Hill and Mr. Harrison lodged,
and not
end
as
Mr.
thoughts
from
his
it to Coll.
Mr.
Hill,
West
that
that it began
in
the
North
Commissary gives it out, on purpose to divert peoples eyes and
from the
South
end,
but the singular
and Notorious
blackness
of the
outside of their chamber chimney, round the top and a great way down, drew
everybody' s thoughts and eyes to it notwithstanding.
I have lately discoursed
Wm.
Young about it who was the first that saw it, just as it broke out,
is very positive that it began about that chimney,
out
before
South
the
flame.
And
Mr.
Reedwood
and
is as positive
that
the
smoke
and
he
came
that it began in the
end,
for he says that after the Coupulo had fallen down,
he went into
the School,
at the dore next to the North end, end would fain a. gone to the
other end of the School to save the Genll. Map of the World,
which Coll.
Nicholson (
says
he)
gave
the
College,
but durst not for the
flame
that come
pouring in from the south end and yet he went into the Hall after he came out
of
the
opens
Blairs
0
School,
into
about
and
saved
the
Douk [?]
of Milan that hung next to the dore that which sufficiently confuses that forced Eceount of Mr.
the beginning of the fire, who will have it to have begun in the
the
Piazza,
�114.
just about where that
North End where the hall joins to the building,
Picture hung, which if so, there would have been no going into the Hall
Upon all
at that time of the Day, there being but one floor above it.
Otis
which account,
and many more which I could add, I humbly conceive,
very requisite
for
Truth'
s
that a further Inquiry
should be made into it,
at
least
sake...
Her Majesty and His Grace the late Chancellor of the College have
all the Reason in the World
this
embrace
to send an Order for a better Inquiry into
and if I may be Nominated
matter,
it. as
a
singular
honour
and
I
one of the Inquirers...
shall
my having been head Master
and the particular care I took
May your
may entitle me to this.
Happiness:
of my Wing in it ever since it was built,
of it while
I kept
Honour
to...
will
live
be when
the College
table
see it answer
it is rescued
from
the End designed in
the
cruel
Avarice
Ambition,
keep his Court in the College;
chamber
chimney
swept,, (
or
had
taken
and
bad designs
care
at
Revenge
least
to
has
of its
all
present President,
along the Bane of it, and at last the ruin of so costly and stately an
Edifice;
for if he had either forbore the gratifying his own and his
brother Harrison' s Ambition,
who for his greater Grandeur must needs
whose
covetousness
which
the Charter,
and
been
have
his
which catched fire three times during the two
years that I kept the Table when there was but little fire on the hearth
and no body sharing it, and which had not been swept for nine or ten
months before)
it might have been standing at this day, and both the
and all the furniture of the
Library which was most of it your Gift...
College,
and the best of my household stuff, and my study full of books
the loss of which has cost me many a. deep sigh might have been perserved.
I
am
with
all
Respect
Honored
Sir...
Mongo
Ingles
Addressed.
the loss of my books, 18 boxes or shelves
crambed as full as could hold,
Otis very much contrary to my Nature to
Sir.
I can not enough
lament
turn begger, and yet would willingly be obliged to his Grace my Lord
Archbishop of Canterbury, and any other of your friends for a small but
choice Collection of books of Divinity...
IBID,
pp.
British
75- 76
Transcripts
in the Library
of Congress.]
1709
ANNE R. Whereas
Our late Royall Brother and Sister King William and Queen Mary
by
upon application of severall Persons in Our Colony of Virginia. . Did
to certain Trustees
full Power Lycence &Authority
their Letters Patents...
give
or
Governrs... to
found erect &
establish
in
that Colony a certa. ine place
for the more speedy erecting
of universall Study or pepetuall College...
And
by the said Letters Patents
and fitting up of the said College... did
be paid out of
the Sum of 1985 pounds 15s. 10d. to
did. thereby further give &
the Revenue of Quitt Rents in Our said Colony, And
of the said College the
One penny per Pound
to the use &
benefitt
grant
direct &
appoint
to be paid for all Tobacco exported from
America, and
together
20000 acres of
Land exempt from
one Plantation to
another in
paying any C? Rent, is
uitt
with the Office of Survey our Generall of the Lands of the said
�115.
Colony;
Guifts
said
All which
did. enable
Profitts
the said
and Advantages
together - with diverse private
trustees or Governours to erect and finish the
College.
And
Petition
Books &
Whereas
humbly
the Visitors
represented
and Govrs.
unto us,
of the
That
the
said
said
College
College
have
with
all
by their
its
Furniture was by an accidentall Fire which happened in the Month
of October
unhappily
1705,
reduced
finding after three years
to Ashes, &
experience the great want there is of the said College by their being so
long deprived of such meanes of Education of their Children, & how slowly
the usuall Revenues of the said College are like to raise a Sum any wayes
proportionable to the expence of a moderate Building, HAVE therefore
hucably besought Our Assistance towards the Rebuilding the said College by
Now Wee having taken
Our Royall Bounty out of Our Revenue of Quit Rents...
the Premisses
into
Our Royall
Consideration,
And being
all that may be the Rebuilding so usefull & necessary
thought
fit
to
sum of 500 li.
March 1708/ 9...
bestow
on the
accordingly. ...
Visitors or Governours
of the said College the
Given at Our Court at St. James' s the 21st
By her Mats.
To Our Trusty &
of
Wellbeloved
desirous to promote
a. Structure have
Edmond
Command.
Jennings
Esqr.
President of Our Council
Virginia....
Louis
Marion Tinling
Wright &
B.
THE SECRET
Richmond:
DIARY OF WILLIPIi
1941).
BYRD
OF WESTOtiEit
1709- 1712
49
p.
16. ...
Mr.
June 16, 17091
Bland' s boy brought me abundance of letters
that the College was
By these letters I learned...
from Williamsburg...
like to be rebuilt by the Queen' s bounty...
IBID,
P.
50,
51
June 20,
17091...
By my letters
Williamsburg,
had granted E500 to the College...
EXECUTIVEE JOURNALS OF'
At a Council
Mr
held
THE COUNCIL OF COLOR?IAL VIRGINIA,
at the
President [
I learned...
Capitol
Edmund
the
Jenings]
21st
of June
communicated
Vol.
that
the Queen
III,
p.
218
1709
to
the
Council
a Warrant
under her Majestys Royal Sign Manual bearing Date the 21st of March 1708/ 9
for paying unto the Visitors and Governors of the College of William and
Mary the Sum of five hundred pounds Sterling out of her Majestys Revenue of
Quittrent-, toward rebuilding the said College and the same being read.
Ordered that a Warrant be prepared for the Receiver Genll paying the said
sum unto
I*
the
said Visitors
and Governors
or their order.
�116.
Louis
THE
Wright and Marion Tinling,
B.
SECRET
DIARY
Westover,
3,
Aug.
Anderson
Mr.
OF WILLIAM
and
eds.,
OF WESTOVER,
Colonel
1709]...
several
to go to town tomorrow
IBID,
BYRI
Randolph
1709- 1712,
came
to
67
p.
see
as
me,
It rained a little; however
others.
to the meeting
did
we
resolved
of the College...
67
p.
We rode to town and got there before 10
Williamsburg, Aug. 4, 1709]...
notwithstanding we called at Green Springs, but Colonel Ludwell
o' clock,
was
not
At Mr.
Bland' s I ate some milk and then went to see the
From hence we went to the school house where we at last
at
home.
President...
determined
to
build
to view them and [
IBID,
Sept.
Williamsburg,
old
the
on
the
old
walls
and
appointed
workmen
charge...
13,
17091...[
where after some debate
I was
wall;
IBID,
college
82
p.
College
the
compute]
against
this
I] then went to the meeting of the
the majority were for building on the
and was for a new one for several
reasons...
99
P.
Oct.
31, 17091.•.
The committee
Williamsburg,
for the building the College and Mr. Tullitt*
met to receive
undertook
it
proposals
for £ 2, 000
provided he might wood off the College land and all assistants from
England
IBID,
to
p.
come
at
the
College'
s
risk...
116
8, 1709]...
In the afternoon we had a meeting of the
College to confirm the agreement with John Tullitt to build the College...
Dec.
Williamsburg,
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE,
February 28,
London.
Treasury Papers 64,
Vol.
90. (
Photostat
CWI)
1709/ 101
A Letter from ye Lord Bishop of Londo to the Lord High Treasurer in behalf
of ye Governors
of William & Mary College in Virginia having been referr' d
to Mr Blathwayt
by Lettr from Mr Lowndes datd 16 Febry 1709/ 10 the following
Report
was made to His Lordp thereupon.
May it please Your Lordp
In Obedience to Your Lordp' s Order in Feby last past directing me to
Report my Opinion to Your Lordp in relation to a Petn of ye Govrs of ye
College of Wm & Mary in VirLa praying Her Majesty' s Bounty towds rebuilding
ye ad College I did then humbly represent to Your Lo nip That their Late
Majties K: Willm & ( X Mary upon ye Application of severall persons in
Virginia did in ye year 1692 by Lettrs Patents grant unto them full power
John Tullitt in 1700 was authorized to supply brick for the new capitol.
William
and Mary_ Quarterly (
1),
Vol.
X,
pp.
80,
81...
�117.
to Erect a College in yt Colony for ye teaching of Divers Arts & Sciences,
That Their said Maj ties were pleas' d to grant unto ye Petrs ye Sum of
E2985: 14: 10 Sterl: out of ye Quit Rents these towds building ye sd College,
And also to Endow ye same with severall Revenues & Advantages for Maintaining ye Professors & Scholars thereof amounting to about £ 300 P [ er] Ann:
which together with ye Contributions of private Persons did enable ye sd
Governors to build a College accordingly, which
reduced
to Ashes
in October
was by an Accid. entall
Fire
finding finding [
how
1705.
That some time afterwards
ye sd Governors
sic]
slowly ye Revenues of ye sd College were like to raise any Sum proportionThey Petition' d for Her Maj: tys
able to ye Expence of rebuilding ye same,
Bounty out of Her Majtv' s Quit Rents arising in that Colony to enable them
to begin
that Work,
And Your Lordp referring Their Petn to me I did. then
lay before Your Lordp a State of this matter & of those Quit Rents And also
that there remaining wherewithall to answer Her Maj ys Bounty out of ye sd
Quit Rents she might be pleas' d to Grant to ye Petrs ye sum of £ 500 out of
And
ye same for ye purposes aforemention' d according to their Request,
that upon ye Petrs adding thereto ye other growing Revenues
belonging to ye sd College amounting to ye value of £ 300 P[
before
be
sett forth
obta. in' d
erecting
ye
for
together
that
same,
Work,
with
other
Gifts & Contributions
at present
er]
Ann:
as
tha t might
ye fitting preparation might be made for
ye State whereof & of ye proceedings therein being laid
before Her Maj. 2 by ye Govrs of ye College ye following year Her Majjy
might be then mov' d to enlarge Her Bounty to much further as ye nature of
ye Work wh regard to ye State of ye Quit Rents might then require In
Consideration whereof Her Maj. Z was pleas' d to Grant to ye Petrs ye Sum
as a.foremention' d.
And Your Lordp having now referr" d- to me a
Letter of ye Lord Bishop of London in behalf of ye said Governors praying
of £ 500
Majtys
isHer
humbly
further
Bounty out of ye sd Qt Rents
on this occasion,
I do
Report to Your Lordp, That as to ye progress made towards Erecting
that College I have reed from Mr Perry Agent for those Governrs a Letter
That he had reed One from ye sd Governors in
which They own Her Maj ys great Bounty to them, That they have employ' d
Workmen to cleer ye foundation & to prepare Lime & Timber for ye building,
to ye following
Effect. "
That they will have laid. out more than they have at present in Cash,
they can expect any further Supply,
before
And that they depend very much on Her
And hope that their progress
Majtys further Bounty,
encourage other Benefactors
to contribute thereto."
in ye building will
And as to ye Quit Rents I humbly Represent that after all Warrants
already Issued upon yt Revenue are satisfied there may remain in Stock at
Midsummer
next about £ 940:.So that Her Maj j may if she shall think
fitt extend Her further Bounty to ye said Governors as is humbly pray' d
by Ordering ye Sum of £ 500 - more to be paid to them out of ye said
Revenue.
All
which &
W:
Whitehall
28 Febry 1709/ 10
B[
c
Blathwayt]
�118.
WILLIAM &
MARY
Photostat
COLLEGE
of
this
2nd
QUARTERLY,
from
Public
Record
Inc.
Series,
Vol.
Office,
London (
X,
76- 77
pp.
Treasury 64,
Vol.
files]
in Colonial. Williamsburg,
90)
1710
ANNE
WHEREAS
College
at
the
of William
humble
request
R.
of
the
and Mary in Virginia
Visitors
and
Governours
of
That We would. be gratiously
the
pleased
Out of Our Revenue of Quit Rents there to bestow Our Royal Bounty towards
Rebuilding the said College which with all its Books and Furniture was by
an accidental fire in the year 1705 unhappily reduced to Ashes, We did by
Our
Warrt.
of
the
21st
of March
1708/ 9 direct
the
Sum
of
500
li.
to
be
forthwith paid out of the said Revenue to enable the said Governours to
AND WHEREAS upon application
on behalfe
proceed in Rebuilding the same, ...
of the said Governours for Our further Bounty out of the said Quit Rents
towards the said Building Our said Auditor hath Represented that it appears
to him,
that since our said Bounty, Workmen have been employed to clear the
Foundation and prepare Lyme and Timber for such Building, that more will
be laid out than the Governours have at present in Cash before they can
expect Our further Supply and that they depend very much thereupon
So that
if We shall think fit to extend Our further Bounty by ordering 500 li.
to be paid the said Governrs. out of the said Revenue, there will be
sufficient
in
Accordingly
the
Receivers
hands
at
OUR WILL and pleasure
Midsomer
next
you to give the necessary Orders and directions
Our Quit Rents
said
GIVEN
at
Our
Brock,
A.
THE
Visitors...
the
them to proceed
Court
To our Trusty &
R.
or
to enable
at
St.
Wellbeloved
said
Sum of
500
the
18th
Alexander
of
Aprill
Spotswood
as
li.
our
further
of the College...
1710.
ed.
OFFICIAL
Mr.
same...
and Impower
Esgr...
LETTERS
OF
ALEXANDER
SPOTTSWOOD...
Vol.
Virginia.,
To
the
to the Receiver General of
in the rebuilding
James
answer
forthwith to make payment unto the
in Our said Colony...
Governours
Bounty
to
is And We do hereby Authorize
more
I,
p.
17- 18.
October
the
23d,
1710.
Blathwayt:
Sir:
I must,
that
no
new
however,
Draughts
intreat
be
made
on
you will be pleased to use your interest
the % uitt- rents of this Colony till her
Maj' tie' s gracious intentions for re -building the College shall be
accomplished,
since you will observe by the accounts which Mr. Byrd tells
me he sends by this Conveyance, how much that Revenue is sunk by the large
to make the
Draughts that have been lately made on it... I have endeavoured
Governours of the College sensible how much they already owe to your favour,
and they all acknowledge it with the gratitude that becomes them. ...
A.
IBID,
P.
Spotswood]
103
Virginia,
To
Mr.
July 28th,
1711
Bla.thwayt:
Sir.
The whole
Ballance
of Quitt- rents
is now drawn
out for the purchase
of
�119.
provisions to be sent to Canada for the use of her Majesty' s Forces,
so
that if any accident shoud happen in the Country which may require a sudden
We
Expence,
are
but
in
a
bad
Condition,
intentions towards the College
Extraordinary Draught. ...
besides that her Majesty' s gracious
be for some time disappointed by this
will
A.
EXECUTIVE
October
JOURNALS
the
24th
OF
THE
COUNCIL
OF
Spotswood]
COLONIAL
VIRGINIA.,
Vol.
III,
p.
287- 6
1711
The Governor having proposed to the Queen of Pamunkey and the Great
men of the Chicahominy Indians to deliver Hostages for their fidelity in
the same manner as other Tributary Indians have done upon the encouragement
of having such Hostages educated at the College and maintained at the
the said Indians did promise to deliver two boys of the
publick charge,
Pamunkey Nation whereof one to be the Queen' s Son, and one boy of the
Chicahominy Nation within one month, and did also signify their desire
that the said Children should be educated according to the Governor' s
proposal.
p.
290- 1]
November
the
20th
1711
The Queen of Pamunky having in pursuance of the Governor' s proposal
boys, Sons of the Greatmen
at the College, and that one
Son of the said Queen and
The Governor was pleased to
the said Indian Children ( being
this day presented her Son together with two
of that Nation,
desiring they may be educated
other boy may be also permitted to attend the
have in like manner the benefite of Learning:
ask the advice of the Council whether all
more in number than the Hostages demanded
received...
shall
be
This Board are unanimously of opinion that it is fitt
this good disposition of the Indians, anc' that all the
encourage
Children
of that Nation)
be admitted
into
the
College
and
receive
the
education
to
said
of which
they seem so desirous, ...
Louis
B.
Wright and Marion
THE SECRET
DIARY
Williamsburg,
IBID,
P.
r_
J
Nov.
7,
Tinling,
eds.,
BYRD OF WESTOVER,
17111...
1709- 1712,
I paid £ 500 to Mr.
p.
434
Tullitt for the College...
476
Williamsburg,
agreed
OF WILLIAM
Jan.
to give Mr.
17121...
They [ the governors of the College]
Tullitt E400 to build up the College hall.
28,
�120.
R.
ed.
Brock,
A.
THE OFFICIAL LETTERS OF ALEXANDER SPOTSWOOD...
Vol.
I,
P.
156
May 8th,
Virginia,
1712.
To the B' p of London:
My Lord:
Tho'
I could not prevail with our Assembly to settle a. Fund for the
Education of Indian Children at the College according to the proposal
mentioned in my last, yet I have not for that reason slackened my
There are now 14 Indian
endeavours for the conversion of that people.
Children
at
the
and I speedily expect six more from our Neighbour-
College,
I hope
ing Nations.
this
Design
will
meet
with
encouragement
both
from
the
Society for propagating the Gospel and from Nobility and. Gentry of England...
and I doubt not y' r Lord' p' s good
the
which
College,
will
have
Offices
a charge
not only in respect to
therein,
beyond
their
ability
out, of your own pious disposition to work of this nature.
an
account
IBID,
of Mr.
174,
pp.
LeFevre'
s
admission
into
the
to
but
support,
I gave your Lord' p
College...
177- 8
Virginia.,
July 26th,
1712.
To the Bishop of London:
together with the 4 Indians brought by the College some
about twenty Indian Children at the College, they have a Master
but as the Revenue
to teach them and are decently cloathed and maintained...
Boyle for that Service
is insufficient
to
the College settled by Mr.
support so great a charge, I hope Your Lord' p will use your interest for
there
years
are
now (
ago)
isof
obtaining some contributions
and from other
charitable
from the Society for propagating the Gospell,
persons
to help
the College
to promote
so good a
design. ...
Virginia,
p.
177- 81
July 26th,
To the Arch B' p of Canterbury:
Amongst other losses suffered by the burning of the College,
Records
of the Visitors and Governors,
I am informed
unfortunately consumed.
from
1712.
Collo.
Nicholson
some
short
time
together
Your
before
with
Grace
he
their
had
left
the
accounts,
a transcript
this
whole
were
of both
I
Government.
therefore beg leave, in behalf of the Gentlemen concerned in that foundation,
to request the favour of your Grace to let them have that Transcript, or an
attested Copy, that they may be enabled to reestablish their Records, together
with their new building, w' 3h is now in a good forwardness.
WILLIAM &
MARY
Treasury 64.
COLLEGE
vol.
The Memoriall
90,
PAPERS.
pp.
Folder
286.
Ms copy.
82- 851
of what Coll.
Spotswood
Govr
of
Virginia
sent
to
the
Bishop of London in Relacon to the Educacon of Indian Children in William
Mary Colledge...
Humbly Sheweth
to
be laid
before
the Queen -
That his Excellency hath Dealt so prudently wth those people,
as
to
perswade Them to send Two Sons of ye Cheif Men in Each Town to be Educated
in ye Colledge wch amount to ye Number of Twenty;...
�121.
R.
THE
0 [
A.
Brock,
OFFICIAL
ed.,
LETTERS
OF
ALEXANDER
Letter of Governor Spotswood
171. 0- 1721,
SPOTSWOOD...
II,
63
p.
to the Bishop of London:]
March
1713.
13,
founded by the Bounty of their
We have in this Country a Colledge,
and Queen Mar,-, and lately rais' d out of the
late Maj' t' s, King William,
But as such undertakings,
Ashes by the pity of our present Soveraign;
wants many Assistances to bring them to
especially in new Countrys,
perfection,
The building
So this work is yet far from being compleated.
still
and
unfinished,
the
revenue
too
small
to
Masters rF: quisite for carrying Youth through a
Upon the encouragement of a Fund settled on ye
Mr.
Robert Boyle,
I endea.vour' d to dispose our
hither their children to be taught and educated
support
the
number
of
course of University studys...
Colledge by the deceas' d
Tributary Indians to send
in ye Christian faith, and
accordingly 17 of their boys are now at the Colledge.....
JOURNALS
OF THE HOUSE
OF BURGESSES
1712- 1726
p. 127
Seturday August the 6th 1715.
Mr.
Corbin
also
Reported
from
the
Committee
of
Elections
and
Priviledges
the Matter as it a.ppee.red to them touching the Election for the College of
William
and Mary and the
Resolution
of the
Committee
and
thereupon,
he
Read
the Report in his place, and afterwards Delivered the Same in at the Table
Where the Same was again Read and is as follows Vizt.
Resolved That the Return of the Writt for Election
of a Burgess for
But
the College of William and Diary is made according, to Law,
for
as much
as upon Examining into the former Returns of those Writts We find that the
Return of the Writts made the Eight day of September 1710 and ye
Fifteenth day of September 1712 by James Blair President and Arthur Blackamore
Master
of
the
Gramer
School
wr_ich
are
in
these
Words.
We humbly Certify th t for want of a Sufficient number of Masters and for want
of the College being transferred by the Trustees to the President and
Masters th. t they may Act as a body Pollitick according to the Charter We
are
of
Opinion
the
Said
Election
calmot
be
made
at
this
time
And
it
not
appearing to this Committee th_. the Said College has any better Right to
t
elect a Burgess
fore
the
Opinion
to Serve
of
tris
in this present Assembly
Coraf iittee
that Mr Peter
It
than formerly,
Beverley
who
is
is
there-
Returned
a
Burgess to Serve in this present General Assembly for the said College hath
not any Right to Sit in this Assembly as a Member thereof.
And a Debate arising upon Consideration
A Motion was made and the Question put.
Resolved
in the
withdr=. during the deb ate.
w
And
he withdrew
That
Mr.
Peter
Beverley
Affirmative.
accordingly.
Then another idiotion was made and a.areed
That
of the Said Report.
the President
and Masters
of the
to by the House
College
of William
Vizt.
and i
be heard by their Council touching their Right of Electing a Burgess for
ye Said College.
Ordered Thrt they be heard at the B. rr of this House
on Tuesday next,
�122.
being made and the , uestion being put.
And a Motion
That Mr Bever
be Admitted to his place in the House till the Right of his Election be
determined.
It passed
in the Negative.
Discussion postponed until Thursday.
postponed until Saturday, See Ibid.,
See
P.
Journals,
130.
P.
Again
134]
1381
P.
Saturday
August
The
thel3th
Resumed
House
1715
the
Consideration
of
the
Report
of
the
Committee
of
Elections and Priviledges touching the President and Masters of the College
of William and Mary their Right of Electing a Burgess to Serve in this
Assembly. ...
Resolved That Mr Peter Beverley who is Returned a Burgess
this...
Assembly
Assembly...
CALENDAR
Jan.
OF
1716-
243.
for the Said College
STATE
PAPERS,
July 1717.
July 4,
COLONIAL
Cecil
1716.
Chowan,
N. C.]
hath not any Right to Sit in this
SERIES,
Headlam,
to Serve in
AMERICA
ed., (
AND
London:
Abstract
WEST
1930)
INDIES.
142
P.
of a. letter
from north
Carolina...
The Honble.
I am just returned from Virginia...
sum to pious uses one of which is the conversion
Mr.
Boyle gave a considerable
of the Indians and at his
charge are taught several of the youth of the Tributary Indians at
Williamsburg one of which that can read and write is to be Usher to ye
School
at
Christanna.
I saw the fellow the other day at Mr.
agent for the Indian Company at James River...
Bland'
a,
the
ow)
VIRGINIA
MAGAZINE
OF
HISTORY &
BIOGRAPHY,
Vol.
IV, 1p.
161- 175
Proceedings of the Visitors of William and Mary College,
Virginia Historical Society.]
1716.
Ludwell
Papers,
At a Generall meeting of the Visitors & Governors of the Colledge of William
Mary held in the Convocation Roome of the said Colledge the 26th day of
March,
1716.
Mr.
Jackson declining the keeping the Colledge Table according to hir.
It is ordered that notice be given...
that such persons
as are willing to undertake the keeping of the Colledge table do deliver in
their proposals to the Rector of the Colledge between this and the next
former
Agreement,
Generall Court...
The Rector acquainting
the Visitors &
Governors
that
upon
declining to teach the Indian children he had appointed Mr.
Smith
to
approved
succeed
him in
that
Imployment,
Mr.
Jackson'
s
Christopher
and said Christopher Smith is hereby
of as a Master of that said Indian [
ms,
he have the same allowance of Sallary as was given Mr.
torn]
and
Jackson.
ordered
that
�123.
On the petition
of William
Levingston *
leave is given him to make use
of the lower Room at the South end of the Colledge for teaching the Scholars
and others to dance untill his own dancing school in Williamsburg be finished.
William Craig is hereby appointed Porter of the Colledge and ordered
that he take care that the Gates be safely locked & Secured each night, that
no vagrant person be permitted to loyter or lodge in the sd College,
that
the
chimneys
be
kept
clean
swept.
And it is
further
ordered
and
that he
take charge of the College pasture and account with the Colledge for the
profits thereof untill some person be appointed to keep the Colledge Table.
At• a General meeting of the Visitors & Governors of the Colledge of
William and Mary held the 13th of June 1716.
Mr.
Blackamore by his petition signifying his inclination to goe for
England at the end of six months and praying that the visitors and
Governors will be pleased to acquit him of a small debt due to the Colledge
and likewise take off his books and Globes which are proper for the
Colledge Library at a reasonable price for the better enabling him to
discharge
Globes
his
engagements
belonging
here...
to the said
And
Blackamore
it
is
alao
ordered
be valued
that
and purchased
use of the Colledge Library in case the said Blackamore #
thereof
before
his departure
Resolved,
according
to the model
Ordered,
Standing
That the
That
Books &
for the
dispose
out of the Country.
bedsteads
prepared
of
the
scholars
be made
of Iron
by Daniel Jones.„
it be referred
furniture
the
for the Colledge
to the Committee
Kitchen,
to
Brewhouse,
send
to England
for
and Laundry, &
that they also send for a bell of 18 inches Diameter at the Brimms for the
use
of
the
Colledge.
The visitors
and Governors
taking into
consideration the great want o,:
and being resolved ( now that
the expense of buildinb is now well nibh at an end) to provide according
to the ability of the Colledge from time to time such masters as are
a Professor of Philosophy and Mathematieks,
necessary...
Ordered,
That Mathw Allen be paid for the
of the Bannisters fifteen pounds.
including
the turning
n of Mr.
Christopher Jackson,
On consideration of the petition
ordered that he be allowed and paid what he hath * * ged for Books for
them
the Indian Boys and 4s. for each p. annum in consideration
paper,
pens and Ink.
yE
write to Mr. Perry to send in
Ordered
that the Clerk of the
Indian boys at the Colledge.
paper ( wills and Ink powder for the use of
On the petition of Christopher Smith Master to the Indian children,
ordd
that on considn
that there
are
but
few of them now at the
school
he be
allowed 25c p annum, that he have pasturage for his horse, firewood for his
chamber and the liberty of teaching such English Children as shall be out
to him and that a partition be erected at the charge of the Colledge to
separate
the sd English children from the Indians.
J.
6-yingston erected the first theatre in Williamsburg.
A
Daniel
Jones
Baas
armourer
See Executive Journals
in "'.illiarnsburg
of the Council, ' Vols.
ca.
171+-
III,
IV.
1721.
�124.
IBID,
161- 175
pp.
Proceedings
in Virginia
Papers,
1716.
of the Visitors of William & Mary
At• a meeting
Historical
College,
Collections.]
Society
Visitors
of the Masters &
of
the
Colledge
held
From
June
Ludwell
the
20th
1716.
that the Clerk of the Colledge
Ordered,
Kitchen
furniture
as
is
needed *
the
prepare
Colledge &
send
an Invoice
the
same
of such
to Mr.
Micajah and Richard Perry.
that
Ordered,
the
for the use of the Colledge,
2
handsome
Doz:
mer_
tioned
furniture *
be
sent for from England
viz:
leather
chairs
Fire
for
the
Convocation
Roome.
shovel and Tongs and Fender.
1 pr of and Irons,
1 p. of Green br.oa& cloath.
1 Ingine for Quenching Fire.
2
leather
Doz:
that
Ordered,
in
for
the use
Bucketts
the
of the
with
Cler'{ of
Indian
the
the
Colledge
Colledge
children
such
Cypher
thereon.
Perry to send
write
to
Mr.
a number
of
Testaments,
Bibles
and likewise paper Quills
for the use of the sd children.
Ordered,
that the Clerk of the Colledge send for such paper Books as
are nece-,3rry for the keeping the Colledge Accounts, together with paper
Quills, penknives and Ink.
and the whole Duty of man as shall be necessary,
and Ink powder
R.
Brock
A.
THE OFFICIAL
To
LETTERS
OF ALEXPSDER
Fountain:
Mr.
Vol.
SPOTSWOOD...
June ye
II,
166- 7
pp.
1716.
i,
It is fitt to tell you that this Colledge was first founded
by King Wm.
Masters
and Queen Mary, and was to consist of a President and Six
but as it was necessary to employ great part of
or Professors,
the Revenues in erecting a suitable building for ye reception of those
so it was scarce
finished
when,
by an unfortunate Accident, the
whole Fabrick was reduced to Ashes,
and by this unhappy Event it has never,
Masters,
till
now,
now that
it
is,
arrived to any greater perfection than a Grammar
the building is well nigh compleated again, those
have resolved to prosecute
School,
under
but
whose
Care
the Original design of its foundation. -
And I' m glad to be instrumental in the hon' r you will have of beingthe
first Professor
WILLIA1A &
MARY
of University
COLLEGE
Virginia -
Box
I,
2nd
QUARTERLY...
Letter of Philip Ludwell,
Mss.
Learning
No.
Rector
1481
of
there.
Series,
College,
Vol.
XIX,
pp.
371,- 2
To Bishop of London.
Fulham
�125.
Virginia July the loth 1716
My Lord
The
Governours
Visitors &
of the College of William & Mary
being
desirous on all occasions to testify the regard they have to your Lops
have
Judgement, ...
directed
me
in
their
name...
to
take
providing a fitt person to be Professor of Philosophy &
here;
a Place which the great Expence
afforded
them
VIRGINIA
MAGAZINE
Proceedings
means
of
to
OF
the
of the Building
the
trouble
of
Mathematicks
has not till now
establish: ...
BIOGRAPHY,
HISTORY &
Visitors
of
William &
IV,
Vol.
174- 5
pp.
1716.
Mary College,
Ludwell
Virginia Historical Society.]
Papers,
At a Generall meeting of the Visitors and Governors of the Colledge the
24th
of
1716.
October,
Chiswell
Mr.
in
behalf
of
Mrs.
Mary Barrett offering
annum
the keeping the College table at the rate of £ 11 p.
scholar with
the other advantages allowed
to Mr.
Jackson.
to undertake
for
each
The
sd
Mrs.
Barrett being also furnished at the expense of the Colledge with a
servant
to
Shutt
the
Gates,
ring the bell
and to help
to clean
the house
and that the sd Servant shall attend
or in lue of such servant Ten pounds,
And it is
as Doorkeeper at the Public meetings of the visitors ...
ordered that the keeping of the table commence at the Return of the scholars
after
the
Christmas
Ordered,
vacation.
that
her off the Colledge
fallen,
in
the
of
the
Land
be in the first
place
of such Trees
as are already
next place such trees as are decaying, .•
that the out Houses about the Colledge be repaired
Ordered,
use
Barrett take care that what firewood is used by
Mrs.
House
that
Ordered,
for the
she being obliged to keep them in the like repair.
Keeper,
it be
referred
to
the
Committee
to
assign
such Rooms
as they shall Judge proper for the conveniency of the House Keeper and her
Servants.
Ordered,
that Sash Glass be provided from England for the Colledge
and that some spare Glass
Hall and that the same be fitted up in frames
be also writ .for to repair the windows of the Colledge.
CALENDAR
Cecil
OF
STATE
Jan.
452.
1.
1716..-:
16,
Answer
Refers
send
much
1717.]
to
College
r1
neglected.
some
at
of
1716- 1717 (
of...
and his endeavours
too
COLONIAL
PAPERS,
ed.,
Headlam,
their
Lt.
SERIES,
London:
Governor
AMERICA
1930)
P.
Spotswood
AND
WEST
INDIES
241
to Mr.
Popple.
Abstract...
Spotswood to the anonymous queries etc.
appreciative
address
of
the
House
of
Burgesses,
May 1st
1714,
at Christianizing
the Indians, an undertaking hitherto
For this purpose he engaged the Tributary Indians to
children,
in lieu of tribute,
to be bred up at the
Williamsburgh...
�126.
JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF' BURGESSES 1712- 1726
178,
p.
180- 181
Saturday
April . the 26th 1718
Resolved That Mr John Custis is duly returned a Burgess to Serve in
this present Genera. 11 Assembly for the Colledge of William and Mary That the Committee
Ordered.
of Elections
and Priviledges
inquire
into
the right the President and Masters have to Elect a Burgess for the Said
Colledge
Tuesday
and report
April
29th
the
Same
to this House -
1718
Then upon consideration
of that part of the Report of the Comtee of
Elections and priviledges relating to the Right the President and Masters
of the College of William and Mary have to Elect a Burgess...
A Debate
ariseing after some time spent therein
That the Debate be adjourned
The Question was put.
Resolved
in
the
Ordered.
A
Affirmative.. and
thereupon
That the Said Debate be reassumed to morrow at twelve
Clock.
That the President and Masters of the Said Colledge have
Ordered
Leave to be heard to morrow at the Barr of the House by Council or otherwise
touching their Right to Elect a Burgess...
dednesday
30th April
1718
THE Order of the Day being read for the President and Masters
Colledge
of Win and Mary
to
of the
the President of the Said Colledge
be heard...
was called in and heard upon that matter and then withdrew After a Debate and Some time Spent therein, the Question was put That
the Report of the Comtee of Elections and Priviledges be agreed to Resolved
In the
affirmative
and
thereupon -
Resolved That Mr John Custis is duely Elected a Burgess to Serve in
this present Generall Assembly for the Colledge of Wm and Mary -
LEGISLATIVE
pp.
JOURNALS
OF THE COUNCIL
OF COLONIAL
VIRGINIk.
Vol.
II,
620- 22
Tuesday May the 27th 1718.
A• Bill Entituled An Act for granting one thousand pounds out of the
publick ffund for maintaining & educating Scholars at the College of William
Read the first time and Ordered a second Reading.
Mary
Read
Thursday
a
second
time
on
Wednesday] ...
May the 29th 1718
A. Bill Entituled An Act for LE2ptinE One thousand pounds out of th(
publick ffund for maintaining g educating Scholars at the College of William
and Mary Read the third time
Resolved
Nema. ine
Contradicente
That the Bill do pass.
�127.
William
Hening
STATUTES
AT
Waller
LARGE (
1820)
Richmond:
Vol.
IV,
p.
74
An act for ErantiU one thousand pounds out of the Public Fund, for the
maintaining and educating Scholars of the College of William and Mary-*
ONE thousand pounds out of the fund in the hands of colonel Peter
is given to the visitors and governours, to be by
out for the maintaining and educating such and so many of the
scholars,
natives of this colony, as they shall think fit.
treasurer,
Beverley,
them laid
ingenious
That distinct
Provided,
accounts
of this
benefaction
ready always for the inspection of the general assembly,
PUBLIC
RECORDS
Typed
Copy William &
Address
to
C. O.
OFFICE
Gov.
be kept and
their
order.
5/ 1318
Mary College
Spotswood
or
from
papers.]
three
of
the
Masters
of
Wm. &
Mary
College.]
MAY IT PLEASE YR HONR
In concurrence with the Countys We Masters of ye College of William
and Mary humbly request the leave to Address you, to testify our dislike
of the railing Accusations exhibited against you...
We profess the utmost gratitude for ye many difficult Services which
you have performed in guarding our Infant College from the Attempts of such,
as would devour or Missaply ye great Charity of our Royal Founders &
worthy Benefactor.
Endorsed]
e
receivd
with
Colo
Spotswood'
s
Letter of 25th March 1719.
William Stevens Perry
HISTORICAL
Virginia
COLLECTIONS
Hartford:
RELATING
1870 ,
p.
TO
THE
A14LRICAN
COLONIAL
CHURCH,
Vol.
I —
199
The Journal of the Proceedings of the Convention of the Clergy of Virginia
in
held at the College of William and Mary, in the City of Williamsburgh,
ixRAG]
April,
1719 appears on pages 199- 215 of the above volume.
The proposal
for founding
scholarships
was brought into the House of
Burgesses on May 20, 1718; a bill was ordered prepared, and was first read
on May 24th; it passed the House on May 27th, the Council on May 29th, and
See Journals
of the House
received the governor' s assent on May 30, 1718.
MG.
of Burgesses 1712- 26, pp. 199, 201, 202, 206, 209, 210, 212, 214, 217.
0
�128.
IBID.,
199.
p.
AT
A
CONVENTION
Of the Clergy of Virginia begun on Wednesday,
April,
the Eighth
day of
1719 in the College of 14m and Mary in the City of Williamsburgh:
Mr Commissary
Blair
called over a List of the Clergymen of this Colony, and the following members
answered to their names:
25 clergymen listed as present
12
IBID.,
p.
April
9th,
listed
as
absent.]
222.
1719...
Upon the Question of Mr Commissary' s [ Blair]
that were present besides Mr Commissary himself,
doubtful
one
of his Episcopal
that
he
first,
were,
Subscribed
Ordination,
Episcopal
Ordination,
of 24
twelve voted that they were
Eleven that they had no doubt about it,
The Reasons of those that were doubtfull,
That they knew not the hand, in which that certificat was written,
suspended
Jo.
his
Edenburgen.
a better
proof,
License,
under his hand and
Judgment.
To which it was answered that they could not have
than the late Bishop of London' s
that fell within their knowledge,
seal. ...
In answer to the Question,
thn.t did not punctually
whether they knew of any Minister in this Colony,
conform,
to the Rules of the Established Church, there
is no more set down in the minutes, but that it was own' d, there were several
Rules,
which were not observed by any of them, because of the circumstances of
But upon this Mr Commissary urged, that my Lord of London had
the country.
certainly been informed of great deviations from the Liturgy;
desired,
that if any of the Informers were there present,
and therefore
they would acquaibt
us with what they had observed of this kind that it might be rectified... Upon
said something to this purpose, that he was desired by
my Lord of London, to give his Lordship some account of the State of this
Church; &
that accordingly he had given an account of some things, in which
Mr Commissary did not observe the Rubrick.
He instanced in the Clerk' s pubthis Mr Hugh Jones*
lishing
of the Banes, &
country,
some other things in Church:
For by the Laws of this
all Proclamations, and many Laws are published in Church, & the Clerk' s
commonly keeping
the Register,
the usual way is for them to publish the Banes
and give the person out -asked a certificat
of it to the minister.
He
complained
too of A'Ir Ingles taking upon him in his School to make exhortations to his Schoolboys,
a.11edging that he should only teach them the Church Catechism.
Convention,
good
man &
judging
a Master
these
of
things
Arts)
frivolous,
commended
Mr Ingles ( who
The
is
a
whole
sober
for giving good Instructions to his boys concerning
�128—a .
their
and as to some other things of small variation from the
they found none, but such as the different circumstances of the
from those of England, necessarily engaged us in...
moralls;
Rubrick,
Country,
Hugh
Jones,
received
who
the Kings
received
Bounty
his
A.
M.
from
Jesus
for transportation
College,
to Virginia,
1717,
was Professor
at
of Mathematics
and
Jamestown,
and Mary QIL rterly,
2nd
1,
IBID.,
1721.
pages
Friday,
April
There
that
some
Perry,
of the
of William and Mary,
William
of Burgesses. (
Historical
XXIII,
Collections...
page
249.)
224- 5.
10.
is nothing
objections
to be remarked
were
made
upon this
to a few
These
my Lord of London' s Letter. ...
casts upon Mr Cormnissary' s Ordination...
our haws
House
ordained
He was in
pages 484- 485.)
See Spotswood' s letter to the Bishop of London,
Vol.
series,
England in December 1721. (
Dec.
at the College
chaplain
1716,
was
He was in Virginia in
by the Bishop of London in September of that year.
minister
Oxford,
and
that we are obliged
to Baptize,
day' s proceedings,
things
in the
objections
3.
That
Church
Clergie'
were:
it
women,
lays
the
to
The
1.
Maryy,
but
s Answer
it
Slur
blame
upon
and Bury
things are
Whereas it is not by our Laws these
at private houses, & c.
occasioned,
but partly by our precariousness ( the Governor [ Spotswood]
never making Use of the Lapse) and partly by the exceeding largeness of
the
Parishes,
and other inconvenient circumstances of the country.
Mr Hugh Jones moved
ImmediUtely before dissolving the Convention,
something to this purpose, that in regard a major part doubted of Mr
Commissci. ry' s Orddrs, that the Governr should be desired to suspend him
from officiating as a minister of this country, and the Bishop desired
This Proposal was with a general voice
to send another Commissary,
and cryed out upon;
exploded,
and they asked him if he wr;. s ashamed to
�128- b.
offer any such thing.
it might
whole
Convention
IBID.,
When no body backed his motion,
be entered on the minutes,
rejected
as
a motion
it with great
of
he
his;
desired
but
the
Indignation.
pages 246- 247.
Letter
of Mr.
Hugh Jones to the Bishop of London]
Virginia,
May 30,
1719.
May it please your Lordship,
With this I send you a Copy of the Journal of the Convention,
is
here in pursuance to you Lordship' s letter to the Clergy of
this
this
6,
Colony dated Aug.
1718. .
Several
concurring
circumstances
induce most here to believe Mr Commissary never had any but Presbyteri.. n
confess'
Ordination.
d was
inclosed.
all
Thro'
A Copy of what he produced in a great confusion
the
letters
of Orders
he
the favor of our good Govr,
ever
had,
James'
I send you
City Parish
has accepted of me to Preach for 2- 3ds of the Salary 2 Sundays in 3;
but they still hire their Clerk to ready prayers & preach every
3rd Sunday...
HUGH
Mr Inglis
being
dead,
J0I4ES
I have undertaken to assist the Usher
till your Lordship can send on a good master,
stand,
0
to
do which,
the Governors of the College Design to request you.
I under-
�129.
Fobert
Beverley
THE
is
HISTORY
P•
0) #
filiD
PRESENT
STATE
OF VIRGINII:
IN
1722.
London,
FOUR. PARTS,
1411
With
Sir Edmund
Foundation
of
the
Andros
College
was
was
sent
over
the
College
and
Chaster...
the
laid.
with
The Subscription -Money did not come in with the same readiness,
which
it
had
been
underwritten.
and ga.ther' d, from the People,
Majesties,
carry on the Building, the Foundation
Suit,
had Judgment given against
upon
P.
1451
93,•#
In
intended
ished,
there was enough given by their
to keep all Hands at work, and
whereof they then laid; =, nd the rest,
them.
However,
the
latter
End
of
his [ Nicholson'
s]
Time,
one
half
of
the
that is two sides of the Square was carried up and finBuilding,
in which were allotted the public Hall, the Apartments and Conveniences
and the public Offices for the Domesticks;
for several Masters and Scholars,
the Masters
and Scholars
were also
in it: And
settled
it
had
its
regular
Visitations from the Visitors and Governors thereof.
P•
98, #
1541
In the first Year of his [ Nott' e]
burnt
down
to
the
the
Government,
College
was
Ground.
43 & 441
The Building is to consist of a Quadrangle,
231- 232, #
pp.
two
sides
of
which,
are
not
In this Part are contained all Conveniencies
of Cooking,
yet carried up.
Brewing, Baking, & c. and convenient Rooms for the Reception of the President,
and
Masters,
with many more Scholars
are
also
Hall,
the
and
than are as yet come to it;
The College was intended
and
to be an intire Square,
of
sides
the
the
were
this
were
Masters
settled
in
in
this
Part
School - Room.
finished
in
and
Scholars,
it,
and
so
latter
end
of
when
Governor
finished;
Nicholson'
and
with the necessary House - keepers,
continued
till
the
first
Year
of
two
s
Governor
time,
Servants
Nott'
s
in which it happen' d. to be burnt ( no Body knows
how) down to the
Ground,
and very little saved that was in it, the Fire breaking out about
10 a Clock at Night,
in a publick Time.
time,
The
Governor
and
lamentable
Spectacle,
such
before
Power
it
all
the
Gentlemen
that
were
in
many getting out of their Beds.
was
discover'
d,
and was
so fierce
Town,
came
up
to
the
But the Fire had got
that there was no
of putting a stop to it, and therefore no Attempts made to that end.
In this Condition it lay, till the Arrival of Colonel Spotswood their
present Governor, in whose time it was raised again the same Bigness as
hopes
before,
and
settled.
There had been a Donation of large Sums of Money, by the honourable
Robert Boyle,
Esq; to this College for the Education of Indian Children
therein:
In order to make use of this, they had formerly bought half a
Dozen captive Indian Ghildren Slaves and put them to the College; this Method
did not satisfy this Governor, as not answering the Intent of the Donor, so
to work he goes among the tributary and other neighbouring
short time brought
them to
send
their Children
Indians,
to be educated,
and
and
in
brought
some of which lived 400 Miles off, taking their Children for
Hostages and Education equally, at the same tiiae setting up a School in the
Frontiers convenient to the Indians...
payinL, 50£. per Annum out of his own
new
Nations,
a
�130.
Pocket
to
College,
and
School
Master
there,
after which many were brought to the
where they were taught till they grew big enough for their Hunting
other
taken
in
Exercises,
their
at which time they were return' d Home,
There are three fine public Buildings in this Country,
to be the most magnificent of any in the English America:
the
and
smaller
stead.
681
249, #
p•
the
which
One
are
of
said
which
is
College...
PAPERS RELATING TO AN AFFIDAVIT MADE BY HIS REVERENCE JAMES BLAIR...
AGAINST FRANCIS NICHOLSON,
Pub.
FSQ... [
in
London:
1727.
Photostat
Wm. &
Mary College Library]
30- 33]
pp -
To the Right Honourable
Great
Britain,
The
the Earl of Macclesfield,
Humble
PETITION
of William and Mary College
of
the
in Virginia,
Lord
Visitors,
High
Chancellor
Governour,
and
of
President
Sheweth,
That a. Controversy hath of late arisen among the Visitors of this College,
whether
there
is any Salary at present due to Mr. Blair, who by the Charter
during his natural Life; for the final deciding of
is appointed President,
which
Dispute,
the contending Parties have agreed to submit to your Lordship' s
Determination
thereof;
between
which
them,
and to that end they have stated and agreed to a Case
they have
sent over under their College
Seal,
and
most
humbly pray your Lordship' s Determination thereon...
n- n
12,
1721.
Lunae,
Nono
Die
Aprilis.
1722.
Ex Parte William and Mary College, LORD CHANCELLOR,
Blair is Rector he is not entitled to any thing,
AS Dr.
Question
of
the
upon
said
the Case
College,
stated....
being
only whether
Dr.
but the only
Blair
is
President
and as such entitled to the Salary of One Hundred and
Fifty Pounds per Annum ( appointed by the Visitors) from the Year 1718.
I
am of the Opinion the Doctor is not President of the College, or entitled to
such Salary; for altho' by the Charter he is to be the first President for
his Life,
yet that is not to be until the College is founded, which can' t,
properly be said to be done, until the building is erected,
the Professors
named.,
and some Establishment made in relation to the Scholars;
and when this
is done ( and not till then) it may be said the College is founded;
and this
being not yet done, he can' t be President, or as such, be entitled to a
Salary, of One Hundred and Fifty Pounds per Annum:
Nor does the Charter any
way fix the Salary at One Hundred and Fifty Pounds per Annum, but leaves the
same to the Visitors to make a reasonable Salary from time to time, suitable
to
the Revenue
of
the College.
But
altho'
Dr.
Blair
is not yet President,
yet he having been usefully employed in fitting up the College, and looking
after
the
so
do,
to
Children,
do conceive him to be the fittest Person to be continued
and that for such his Care and Trouble therein, he ought in Equity
and Justice
to have a reasonable
Salary paid to him from 1718 until the
�131.
College
be founded. ...
at
the
rate
of
be
finished;
One
and
do therefore
Hundred
do
Pounds
conceive
Masters to teach the Boys,
to finish the College,
the
and
propose
per
Trustees
do
to the Trustees,
to pay him
from
Annum,
the
have
recommend
it
1716,
done
to
until
right,
the
College
in providing
Trustees,
to go on
and to erect a Chapel with the Money in their Hands,
and to proceed
A CATALOGUE
to Name
the rest of the Professors...
OF THE COLLEGE
OF WILLIP14
William and Mary College Papers.
AND MARY -
1859.
Folder 631
5]
P.
The
fire [ 1705]
broke out about ten o' clock at night in a public time...
The second building- was commenced in the time of Governor Spottswood; but
owing
to the want
of available
means,
and the scarcity of workmen,
it
was
not. finished until 1723...
WILLIA-M &
are
MARY COLLEGE QUARTERLY...
2nd
Series,
Vol.
VIII,
P.
237
Carved in a brick near a door of this building [ Brafferton building]
the figures
1723,
supposed
to represent
the date of foundation...
The building is 54 feet long by 34 feet wide and stands on the College
green
Note
Hugh
opposite
by Dr.
the President' s House...
Lyon
G.
Tyler]
Jones
THE PRESENT STATE OF VIRGINIA,
26- 27, 28, 87- 88, 92
Pp.
London:
Publick Buildings here of Note,
Governor' s House,
Williamsbur
and the Church.
h. is 370.
21' .
are
1724 [ Sabin Reprint:
the
College,
the
18651,
Capitol,
the
The Latitude of the College at
North.
The Front which looks due East is double, and is 136 Foot long.
It
is a lofty Pile of Brick Building adorn' d with a Cupola". At the North
End runs back a large Wing, which is a handsome Hall, answerable to which
the Chapel is to be built; and there is a. spacious
Piazza on the West
from one Wing to the other.
It is approached by a good Walk, and
grand Entrance by Steps, with good Courts and Gardens about it, with a
Side,
good House and Apartments
Houses;
and
Out -
and a large Pasture enclosed like a Park with about 150 Acres of
Land adjoining,
U
for the Indian Master and his Scholars,
for
occasional
Uses.
a
�Opposite
page 132.
CHELSEA HOSPITAL,
LONDON.
Designed by Sir Christopher Wren -
stone laid 1683.
From Maitland' s History of London,
A. D.
1632- 1723,
1923.)
See Hugh Jones'
on
opposite
London:
The
comparison
page.
Royal
reprinted
Institute
of the college
of
corner-
in Sir Christopher
British
building
Wren,
Architects,
to Chelsea
Hospital
�133.
Appendix.
Of Education
THE Royal Founders
in Virginia.
of Zvilliam and Mary College...
princely Donation upon them;...
most
other
charitable
83- 941
pp.
Gifts
of
But
this
Kind,
that
it was
as
and unaccountably
of
Fortune...
it
were
consumed
This
College,
no
sooner
but
Phoenix - like,
and improved out of its own Ruins.
Success...
finished,
Yet
to Ashes.
yet is it far short
But
the
common
this
Fate
of
having met with several
Difficulties to struggle with in its Infancy;
was,
conferred
this underwent
the
most
dangerous
but it was unfortunately
observe
the
wonderful
Turns
as the City of Lont.on,
though
it
has
of such Perfection,
found
such
as it might
revived
unexpected
easily
attain ...
For it is now a. College without a Chapel,
without
a
without
a
Schola. rshilo,
and
Statute.
There is a Library without Books,
comparatively
speaking...
There is as yet no great Occasion for the Hall, so that it might
made a Chapel and Divinity School, for which Purpose it would serve
be
nobly
with little or no Alterations.
P.
881
As there is lately built an Apartment for the Indian Boys and their
so likewise is there very great Occasion for a Quarter for the
Negroes and inferior Servant:' belonging to the College;
for these not only
Master,
take up a great deal of Room and are noisy and nasty,
but also
have
often made
me and others apprehensive of the great Danger of being burntwith the
College,
thro'
their
Carelessness...
Another thing prejudicial to the College is the Liberty allowed the
Scholars,
and the negligent
To remedy this,
within
the College
Observance
there is wanting
at certain Hours;
of College
Hours...
some Contrivance
which
has
to secure the Youth
hitherto
been
attempted,
in vain
because of the many Servants lodged in the College,
several Doors and Ways to get out of it.
Likewise
the Privileges
House -Keeper, &
precarious
Ill -Will,
P•.°
and Apartments
of the President
and
the
and Masters,
and
ought to be fix' d and ascertain' d; for these being
and doubtful,
upon this Account has arose much Difference and
c.
to the great Scandal of the College...
O]
For all this there might easily be contrived Room in the College,
especially if a Hall was built in the Place intended for the Chapel.
As also would there be Room enough for the House - Keeper, Officers,
especially if a Quarter was built for the Negroes, & c.
and
Servants;
The Library is better furnished of late than formerly, by the kind Gifts
several Gentlemen;
but yet the Number of Books is but very small, and the
Sets upon each Branch of Learning are very imperfect, and not the best of the
of
Sort.
To remedy this Defect proper Application should be made to the Societies
and to the superior Clergy in England, who would give at least what Duplicates
they have...
begging,
and what necessary Collection of Books cannot be obtain' d by
they may buy as soon as they shall be able to stock their Library;...
�134.
Tile Office of Librarian
The
Indians
Apartment
who
are
is given to Mr.
upon
for themselves
Mr.
and
Boyle'
abundance
of
them
Foundation
used
to
or
boarded
die,
as
and lodged
either
some
now
a handsom
will
in the Town;
Sickness,
thro'
have
it,
and way of Life;
proper Necessaries end due Care taken with them...
Provision,
have
built near the College...
their Master,
The young Indians ... were formerly
where
s
John Harris the Usher"2....
often
change
for
of
want
of
William Stevens Perry
HISTORICAL
COLLECTIONS
VIRGINIA.
Hartford:
lueries
RELATING TO THE
1870,
to be Answered
LMERICAN COLOtiIAL
CHURCH,
I -
VOL.
298- 300
pp.
17241
by every Minister Parish
Bruton
Have you had any oth:.r Church,
alias
called
Williamsburgh.
before you came to that which you now
possess...?
James
attend
till
Blair] I was first Minister of Henrico...
the
College:
1710.
The
then
Church
I was Minister
g miles
only of this parish where
of James
Since 1710 I have
distant.
the College
I left it in 1694 to
Town and adjacent parish
been Minister
stands.
Have you a House and Glebe?
Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year?
Or is it occupied by yourself?
Blair]
I have a glebe of about 300 acres of land; no dwelling rouse
I live in a house of my own by the College).
The glebe is occupied by
myself.
Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth...
Blair] No public parish school.
Little schools where they teach to
read & write and arithmetic are set up wherever there happens to be a
convenient
number
of
Scholars.
A
Of these I have four in my parish.
public Grammar School is kept at the College and a school for teaching
Indian Boys endowed by Escre Boyle.
Have you a Parochial Library?...
Blair]
We
have
not...
The College has a small Library.
The Key is
kept by one of the Masters.
JAMES
Minister
Williansburgh,
July 15,
Williansburgh.
1724.
JOURNP,LS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES,
1712- 1726.
pp.
400- 01,
403,
419.
May 12th 1726
Thursday,
Speech
BLAIR
of
of
Gentlemen
Governor
of
the
Hugh
House
of
Drysdale
to
the
House
of
Burgesses &
Council]
Burgesses
You laid a Duty last Session
on Liquors
and Slaves
imported
as has
been
�135.
done
But the interferring
by former Assemblies...
interest of the Affrican
Company has deprived us of that Advantage and has obtained a Repeal of that
Law
But a Duty on Liquors
being
Expressly
recommended
in my Instructions
if you think, fit to Enact it by it self I am persuaded it Will meet with
approbation
I
at home
think (
Gentlemen
I may with a better grace recommend to your
Considerations the contributing some Assistance] towards the Support of
A Work which in my Judgment ( if duly Cultivated) would prove of great SerI mean the College
it lies in a Languishvice to your Country and Posterity
ing condition and wants help to found their full number of 1l_
sters which
when once perfected will make a Noble Seminary not only for the Education
of your Young Gentlemen in the Liberal Arts and sciences but for furnishing
your Churches with a Sett of Sober Divines born of yourselves and bred among
you Advantages of greater importance than at present you may be aware of.
Hugh
Saturday
Drysdale
M». y 14 h 1726
The Order of the day being read The house upon a motion resolved it self
into
A Committee
of
the
whole
house
to
consider
the
Governors
Speech...
Resolved.
That a Duty be laid on Liquors imported
Th+ t A Duty of four pence a Gallon be laid on Rum Brandy and other
distilled Spirits and on Wine and one penny a Gallon on Cyder Beer and Ale
other than such of the said Liquors as shall be imported directly from
Resolved.
great
Britain
Resolved.
That the Sum of Two hundred
the
Duties
aforesaid
Mary towards
founding
be
applied
pounds yearly out of the money arising
to
the
the full number
use
of
the
College
of
William
from
and
of Masters.
Ordered
That a bill be prepared
accordingly...
Resolved
That an humble Address be made to his Majesty to implore his Majesties
further assistance to the College of William and Mary and that he will
be graciously pleased to increase the Revenues of the said College out of
the unappropriated
Revenue
of
t Rents in this Colony:...
p.
To
419 Thursday June 2d 1726 [
the
Kinds
The
humble
most
Excellent
Address
of
An address to his Majesty]
Majesty
the
Council
and
Burgesses
of
Virginia.
And being now convened by your Majesties Authority in A General Assembly
We presume to acquaint Your kajesty That taking notice of the present distressed State of the College of William and Mary ...
And of many Accidents
and Misfortunes Which have concurred to delay the progress thereof And
bowing of how great moment the promoting this Charitable and pious design
is to us end Our posterity
ed ( Except
annum
from
towards
Majesties
great
the
We have agreed to Lay a Duty on Liquors importand to Appropriate two hundred pounds P[ er]
of this College
And we are Emboldened from your
Britain)
Support
Readiness upon all Occasions
to Succour the foundations
of Learn-
ing and Religion to hope that What we have done will not only be acceptable
to your Majesty
But that after the Example of their Late Majesties King
William Queen Mary and Queen Anne of blessed memory you will be gratiously
pleased of your Roial bounty to Contribute your ffurther Assistance towards
perfecting
this Good Work.
�136.
William Waller Hening
THE
An
STATUTES
for
Act
1.
AT
LARGE.
layin .
a
Vol.
IV,
op.
duty on Liquors.*
MAY it please your most excellent
dutiful
and
loial
143- 150
subjects,
majesty,
we your Majesty' s most
the burgesses of this your Majesty' s most
antient colony and dominion of Virginia, now met in assembly, taking into
our consideration
the expediency of raising a competent revenue, for defraying such expenses of your Majesty' s government here, as must otherwise
be discharged by a poll- tax,... and being likewise piously = ffected to the
furtherance of the college of William and Mary, founded in this colony...
for the education of our youth in the liberal arts and sciences, and propagating the gospel among the western Indians; the progress of which good
work,
by a long series of misfortunes and-. ccidents, and by the decay of
CD
the
revenue
design
0
of
thereof,
the
hath
founders
been
hath
so
not
much
obstructed,
hitherto
been
that
the
charitable
And
fulfilled:
lest
it
should
be a reproach to us not to contribute our assistance to the perfecting a
work of such importance to us and our posterity, have given and granted to
your Majesty, the several duties herein after mentioned;
and do most humbly
beseech your Majesty, that it ma* be enacted.
II. And be it enacted by the Lieut. Governor,
Council and Burgesses. — That
for every gallon of rum, brandy, and other distilled spirits; and for
every gallon of wine, which from and after the tenth day of June next, shall
be imported or brought into this colony and dominion,
from any port or place
whatsoever,
the duty or custom oC three pence, shall be paid by the owner
or importer of the same,
And that
for and during the term of five years:
one other duty, of one penny for every gallon of the said liquors, which,
from and after the said tenth day of June, shall be imported or brought
into this colony, as aforesaid, shall be paid by the owner or importer
thereof,
for and during the term of twenty- one years from thence next following.
III.
And be it further
enacted,
That every gallon of cider, beer, or ale,
which from and after the said tenth day of June, shall be imported or
brought into this colony and dominion ... the duty or custom of one penny,
shall be paid by the owner or importer of the same, for and during the term
of five years.
IV.
Provided
nevertheless ...
shall
Th_ no duty or custom whatsoever,
t
be
that shall come
required or paid for any of the liquors before enumerated,
directly from Great - Britain; but that all such liquors shall remain and conduty or custom...
tinue exempt and free fro!a any imposition,
XIX.
forasmuch as the present revenue of the college of William and
is not sufficient to maintain the full number of masters or professors
required by the charter of the said college, and thereby the progress of
and the will of the roial
founders
in
learning hr: th been much obstructed,
great measure frustrated,
And,
Mary,
XX.
Be
it
further
by the
enacted,
authority
aforesaid,
That
the
sum
of
two hundred , bounds per a.nnum, out of the said duty of one penny upon every
gallon of wine, rum, brandy, and other distilled spirits, by this act imposed,
as aforesaid,
is and shall be appropriated for the relief of the said
college;
and for and during the said term of twenty- one years, shall be paid
by the said treasurer, half -yearly, in equal portions, unto the surviving
trustees of the said
college,
president and masters...
sors,
until
the
same
shall
be
transferred
then to the president and masters,
and
to
their
the
succes-
for and towards the maintaining and supporting the full number of
masters and professors,
which are
to reside
in
the
said
college. -
This act passed the House of Burgesses on May 20, 1726; was passed by the
Council on May 26, and received the Governor' s approval on May 27, 1726.
See Journals
of the House
of Burgesses.,
pp.
408,
412,
414.
MG
�137.
PUBLIC
RECORD
Photostat
is
OFFICE,
Col.
WILLIAM
Address
and
MARY
Most Gracious
5- 1337
1.4msbg. ]
To the King' s Most Excellt
The Humble
C. O.
London.
of the
in
Majesty
Visitors
and
Governours
of the
College
of
Virginia
Sovereign
Your Majesties Roial Predecessors King William and Queen Mary of glorious
and blessed Memory, piously intending the Advancement of the Christian
Religion in these remote parts of America, by propagating the Gospel aluong
and by supplying the Church in Virginia, which is
established according tD the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of Engthe
Western
with
Indians,
learned
and
sober Ministers;
and likewise by polishing the Minds
Were graciously
and ~ Harmers of the Virginia youth with humane Literature;
pleased in the fourth year of their Reign, by their Letters Patents under
the Great Seal of England to grant their Roial Licence to certain Trustees
to Erect and found in this Your Majestie' s Colony, a Roial College consisting of one President, six Masters or Professors, and one hundred Scholars
did libermore or less; and for defraying
the Expence of this Undertaking,
which,
with the charitable
ally bestow several Donations in this Country;
Contributions of private persons, enabled the Trustees to erect, a large
convenient Building for the several Schools, and to endow some of them
with ffunds for Maintenance of the necessary Masters and Professors.
that by the deBut We beg leave most humbly to Represent to Your Majestie,
ficiency of the ffunds, and the extraordinary charge the Trustees have been
land,
not only in the first Building of the College,
at,
after
it was
unfortunately consumed by fire,
obstructed,
that with their Utmo.; t care
much
they have not been :
Revenues,
of
ble
hitherto
but
in rebuilding
it
This good Work bath been so
and Diligence in managing the
to maintain
their
full
number
Masters,
according to the intention and direction of the Roial Founders,
although her 1F,.te Majesty Queen Anne of blessed memory was graciously
pleased to contribute her Assistance towards rebuilding the Coll, e out of
her Revenue of Quitt Rents in this Colony.
Our most humble Petition to Your Majesty is, That by Your Roial Bounty,
You will be graciously pleased to help us to perfect this Roial Foundation
by enabling us to provide our compleat number of Masters and allow them
the
designed
Salaries
prove a most useful
the
World,
and
encouragements.
Seminary
of Learning
And
We doubt
not,
Piety and Virtue
as
it
will
in this part of
So it will remain to Posterity a lasting monument of the Piety
in this
and Munificence of Your Majesty and it' s other Roial Benefactors,
Your Loial Country, which is so entirely devoted to Your Majeatie' s Interest.
and
Service.
In Testimony whereof We have caused the Seal of the College to be
Dated the 28th day of Play, in the year of our Lord MDCCXXVI.
Affixed.
Signed by Hugh Drysdale,
and
13
other
James
Blair,
trustees.]
Seal]
Cecil
Headlam,
CALENDAR
OF
1726- 1727 (
215.
Trade
and
ed.
STATE
London:
July 10,
PAPE? S,
1936)
1726,
Plantations. ...
COLOdIAL
p.
SERIES,
AMERICA &
WEST
INDIES
109
Virga.]
Lt.
Governor
Drysdale
to
the
Council
By the same Act a further duty of ld.
of
pr.
�13 8.
gallon
its
rumm,
and other distilled liquors
per annum for enabling the Colledge
is laid for 21 years for
of Wm. and Mary to found
on wine,
raising
200£.
full
number
of
which
Masters,
the uncertain
revenue of that Colledge,
I could
and the various accidents attending it, has hitherto obstructed:
not but bee greatly concerned to see a work begun with so much piety, so
little advane' d in the space of thirty years time, and therefore thought
it my duty earnestly to recommend to this Assembly the making provision for
itts
my
support,
and I have the pleasure
to find
their benevolence
to exceed
expectations ...
JOURNAL
OF THE
COiUvIISSION_ RS FOR TRADE
December
Mr.
commissary
of Virginia,
their Lordships
attending —
passed in Virginia in 1726,
Act,
liquors,
PLAIuTP. TIONS
1928),
302
P.
1726] ...
20. [
Blair,
Province,
PND
London:
January 1722/ 3 to December 1728. (
and their Lordships
and : sir.
intituled,
observing
agent
Leheup,
took into
An
for
consideration
Act
for
laying
the
and
a
same
read
duty
the
on
th• t E290 per annum is appropriated
out of the revenue arising by the said Act to the use of the colledge in
Virginia,
desired Mr.
Blair would give the Board some account of the establishment of the said colledge and its present revenues; who said, that the
colledge was established in 1693 by Icing William and Queen Mary: that one
branch of their revenue was a penny per pound upon all tobacco exported
from Virginia
and Maryland
to the other Plantations,
which formerly used
to produce about £ 400 a year, but tobacco being planted in Carolina and the
had now reduced
it to £ 300:
three lower counties adjoining to Pennsylvania,
th7.t another branch of their revenue is the Surveyor General' s pin.ce, that
they appoint the surveyors of all the counties, and ths.t they pay to the
colledge one sixth part of their profit, which formerly amounted to E100
but that now most of the land being taken up, this revenue was very
a year,
much decreased.
Another branch of their revenue was the rents arising
from 20, 000 acres of land ... 10, 000 whereof they let at 15 shillings
a 1000
acres,
and the other 10, 000 at 10 shillings,
and that they paid no quit
rent for this land excepting two copies of Latin verses annually to the
Governor:
that
left
b;- Mr.
them
amounting
to
the
another
branch
Boyle,
called
to £ 190 a year,
Colledge
of New
of
their
revenue
Brotherton [
E90 whereof
England:
was
the
income
in
Brafferton],
they were obliged
that he,
the
said Mr.
of
an
estate
Yorkshire,
to pay annually
Blair,
was
president
and had a salary of E150 a year: that there
was a grammar master of E80 a. year and an usher at £ 50 a year, a mathematical
master
at £ 80 a year,
a philosophy
master at £ 80 a year, and a professor of
divinity at £ 150 a year.
of the colledge
at Virginia
00
PUBLIC
RECORD
Photostat -
To
the
Right
Received
The
for
the
OFFICE,
Honorable
April
Humble
London.
C. O.
5/ 1320
Colonial Williamsburg,
15,
of
Lords
Commissioners
of
Trade
and
Plantations -
1727]
Memorial
Province
the
Inc.]
of
South
Francis
Nicholson
Carolina -
Esgr
His
Majestys
Governor
�139.
Sheweth
THAT the Governor
Council
and Assembly
of Virginia
having
in May last
passed An Act Entituled An Act for laying a Duty of Liquors which Act
besides raiseing the usual and Ordinary Revenues for the Government there
by laying a Duty of 3d per Gallon on all Liquors to be Imported for five
Years After rec iteing That the Present Revenues of ye Colledge of WILLIAM
MARY in Virginia was not Sufficient to Maintain the full Number of Mas-
ters or professors required by the Charter of the Colledge and thereby
the Will of the Royal Founders in a great Measure Frustrated IT ENACTS That
an Additional Extraordinary Duty of ld per Gallon should be laid on the
said Liquors for Twenty one Years anu that 200 li per Ann out of the said
Duty shoud be appropriated for the Releif of the said College and be paid
by the Treasurer h_=. Yearly Unto the Surviving Trustees of the said Col lf
ledge
untill
transferrer]. to
such Transferr
the
President
then to the President
and Masters :
and Master
nd
from
and
after
and their Successors
For
and towards the Maintaining and Supporting the full Number of Masters and
Professors cnd if at any time there should be no Trustee of the said
Colledge resideing in this Country before such Transferr should be made
then the said 200 li is to be paid in manner aforesaid to the Visitors and
Governors
of the Colledge
or to whom they should appoint -
THAT Your Memorialist being one of the Surviving Trustees in the said
Chester for Erecting Founding and Establishing the said Colledge Apprehends
both
to
himself
the
Crown
under an Absolute
b,;. whom he
Necessity
is Entrusted
in discharge
and to the
of his Trust -
Colledge
for the
Found-
ing and Establishing whereof he is trade a Trustee to Oppose the said Act
as makeing provisions for Establisheing the full Number
said Colledge in a manner not only differing from that
Charter but directly opposite thereto in directing the
200 li per ann - thereby raised in a manner derogatory
of Professors of the
prescribed by the
payment of the said
to the Chester and
contrary to the Will of the Royal Founders and in a manner no ways to be
Supported
by Law -
THAT Your Memorialist humbly Apprehends this act is not only destructive
of the Rights of the Charter in Point of Law but also will thereby ( in the
manner the said 200 li per ann is given) in a great measure defeat the
Founding the Colledge itself and
hends the said 200 li per Ann in
to be not only inconsistent with
ter but also to be a very useless
ways
tend to the Relefe
Interest
of
the
Your Memorialist further humbly apprethe Shape it is given by the said Act
the directions and General Views of Charand unnecessary provision and will no
but on the Contrary
greatly prejudice
the true
Colledge -
THAT It is also
humbly
apprehended
That
this Act is not Warranted
or
Supported by the Governors Instructions but is passed iL opposition
thereto particularly the 14. 16.
al Instruction lately sent over -
and
21
Instructions
YOUR MEMORIALIST
and
also
therefore
to
an
Addition-
humbly Prays
he may be heard against the said Act...
�140.
JOURNAL
OF THE COMMISSIONERS
FOR. TRADE AND PLANTATIONS
January 1722/ 23 to December 1728. (
IW
April
324- 25.
PP.
17271 ...
19 [
General
been
1928),
London:
Governor
Nicholson,
against
desired ...
an
Act,
of South
Carolina,
That General Nicholson,
while
he was
Mr.
of
Governor
had
An
agent for Virginia...
Leheup,
behalf
he
entituled,
passed in Virginia in 1726,
Act for laying a duty on Liquors, as also
Blair,
and Mr.
commissary of Virginia, in
as
attending,
the
said
Act...
communicated
of Virginia,
to the Assembly certain proposals for erecting the said Colledge, and that
Mr.
BlaIr was employed to lay the said proposals before King William and Queen
Mary, and that accordingly
1691- 2,
in February,
a charter was
that
the founding William and Mary Colledge in Virginia:
to consist of one President,
more
or
less,
statutes
six
masters
or
professors,
and
according to the ability of the said College,
of the
same
be made,
increased,
obtained
for
College
was
this
100
scholars,
and
that
the
diminished or changed upon the
place by certain trustees,... - who were impowered by the said charter to hold
to the value of £ 200 per annum, or any
etc.,
and enjoy lands, tenements,
other gift, grant, etc., in trust, for defraying the charges of erecting
and
thz. t when
for books and other charges:
edifices of the Colledge,
the trustees shall make over to Mr.
Colledge
shall be so founded,
appointed President for life, to the masters or professors or their
Blair,
the
the
the
successors,
said
lands,
tenements,
gifts
or
grants,
etc.,
or
so
thereof as has not been laid out upon building the said Colledge;
till
the Colledge
is founded,
according
to the charter,
much
but
that
they did not con-
ceive that either the president or masters could have any pretence to
as
the £ 200 per annum given
and thL, t therefore,
salaries;
by this Act is
to maintain the full number of masters or professors required by the charter,
they apprehended it was contrary to the intention of the founders thereof,
that if
the Colledge not being yet compleated according to the charter:
this money had been given in general terms for the benefit of the Colledge,
without being particularly appropriated for the salaries of the masters,
there could have been no objection thereto, but that at present it was to
be feared the Colledge would never be finished, if the revenues thereof
were to be paid to the President and masters, instead of being applied
th:.t the reason for giving the £ 200 per
towards the compleating thereof:
annum,
recited in the preamble of the clause that gives this money, being
to
maintain
the
the
full
number
of masters
and
professors,
the
Colledge
not
being
they submitted it to the Board what occasion there could be for
compleated,
same.
The counsel_ then in behalf of the bill acquainted the Board, that there
being a deficiency in the Colledge funds, the General Assembly of Virginia
had passed the Act in question to give them a further encouragement;
they conceived this Act to be perfectly agreeable to the charter, as
that
it
would enable them to maintain the full number of masters directed thereby:
that, as the trustees could nottransfer over to the President anti coasters
the
revenues
of
the
Colledge,
till the full number was appointed,
they
submitted to the Board whether this Act was not a, flat cra.nce to thr, dr- A r.
of the
founders,
transfer
Colledge,
especially as the Act expressly provides,
shall be made,
that,
till
such
the money to be raised thereby for the use of the
shall be paid to the surviving trustees.
The counsel
for the Bill
therefore desired their Lordships would please to represent this Act to His
Majesty as proper to be confirmed...
The counsel then against the Act acquainted the Board by way the reply,
of expence
be equal to
that the income of the Colledge was not computed to
�141.
of
the
full
number
of
masters,
and
therefore
submitted
to
their
Lordships
whether it was not more proper that the additional £ 200 per year should
applied towards compleating the Colledge, than to maintaining the full
number
of
number
this Act upon
of masters,
His Majesty
Cecil
but that as they were of opinion that His Majesty could
masters;
not confirm
OF
COLONIAL
1936)
20,
SERIES,
etc.
AMERICA &
WEST
INDIES
259
p.
Whitehall]
1727,
Commissioners
Lords
the full
to be repealed. ...
PAPERS,
London:
April
514.
than that of providing
foot,
ed.
STATE
1726- 1727. (
any other
they hoped their Lordships would lay this Act before
as proper
Headlam,
CALENDAR
be
Popple
Mir.
send you the inclosed
to Mr.
Fane.
My
Act passed in Virginia
in 1726,
as also a copy of the Charter of William
and desire,
etc.,
as soon as possibly may be, your
and. Mary Colledge,
opinion in point of law, whether the £ 200 pr. ann. appropriated by this
Act for the relief of the said Colledge, is thereby directed to be solely
for
laying
a duty upon
liquors,
apply' d for and towards the maintaining and supporting the full number of
Masters
1365,
0
and
IBID.,
Professors
314,
pp.
who
are
to
reside
in
the
said
College. [
C. O.
Trade
Plantations.
265
p.
April
523•
25,
Mr.
1727]
Fane
to
the
Council
of
and
Report upon Liquor Act of Virginia in reply to 20th April.
not be applied
built,
in
Fane.
to
Endorsed,
THE
Preface;
June
OF
William &
Chancellor;
with
Recd.
TF.E
the
Read
COLLEGE
To this
whom,
OF
Mary Quarterly,
WILLIAM
1st
C. O.
1727. [
and
The money can-
till after the College is
April 26.
Signed,
Fran.
v.
1320,
5,
MARY
XXII,
127- 128v.]
pp.
in VIRGINIA
Vol,
series,
Visitors
283- 296. 1
pp.
to Governors);
and
Masters,
Of
the
Schools.]
7]
GRA1, 11AR
SCHOOL.
School belongs a. School -master;
it,
with
etc.
25th April,
THE
requires
Charter
Concerning the College Senate
Concerning the President, and
17
24,
the support of the masters
accordance
STkTUTES
See
5,
315. 1
an
the
The
Usher.
School - master
and
President,
Scholars,
and if the Number of Scholars
is
the
One
of
College
the
Six Masters,
consists.
But
of
the
Usher is not reckoned a Member of that Body. ...
In
We
this
assign
rements
an&
Granmar
Four
School,
Years
Grammars,
to
the
let the Latin and Greek Tongues
Latin,
and
Two
to
the
be well
Greek.
As
and Classick Authors of each Tongue,
let
for
them
taught.
Ruditeach
�1/+
2•
the
same
land.
Books,
which by Law or Custom are used in the Schools of Eng-
Nevertheless,
any Observations
on the Latin or Greek Grammar;,
that are taught in his School,
he may dictate
that
out
of
employed
that with
Colloquies
Labours
of
this
the Approbation
let
them to the Scholars...
the
their
he has
the Liberty, if
or any of the Authors
we allow the School -mister
Corderius
the
and
Master
and
Erasmus,
of
the
therefore
President,
take
Care
who
Others,
have
the Scholars may learn aptly to express
And if there are any sort of Plays or
which are not to be f ound. extant in any
Way,
their Meaning to each other.
Diversions in Use among them,
printed Books, let the Master
compose
and. dictate
to
his
that
Scholars...
they may learn at all Times to speak Latin in apt and proper Terms.
Special
care
likewise
must
be
taken
or
of
Curse
their
or
that
Morals,
none
of
the
Swear,
or to take or do any
Scholars presume to tell a Lie,
Thing Obscene, or Quarrel and Fight, or play at Cards or Dice, or set in
or do any Thing else that is contrL. ry to good Manners...
to Drinking,
On. Saturdays
ed
out. of
according
of
further
the
s
Eves
of
Holydays,
or
Dialogues,
let a sacred
Buchanan'
s
Lesson
Paraphrase
of
be prescrib-
the
Psalms,
to the Capacity of the Boys...
The Master
Church
and
Castalio'
shall likewise
England
advanced
Before
Catechism
learn
it
and
Examination
Revenue
before
the
in
Tongue;
to the Philosophy
President
and
the
and that they who are
Latin.
of a Foundation.
the
that all the Scholars learn
vulgar
likewise
they are promoted
Privileges
take care
in
they who aim at the
School,
Scholar,
must
And
Masters ...
first
let
the
undergo
same
an
Examination
before
in the Study of Philosophy,
And let no Blockhead or lasy
they are promoted to the Divinity School.
be undergone
Fellow
in
concerning
his
Studies
their Progress
be
elected.
e
THE PHILOSOPHY SCHOOL
than
Forasmuch as we see now dayly a further Progress in Philosophy,
which reigned so long
coule be made by Aristotle' s Logick and Physicks,
alone
the
in
the
Schools,
President
Systems
their
of
and
and
shut
Masters,
Logick,
out
all
other;
by the Advice
Physicks,
therefore
of the
we
leave
to
it
to
teach what
Chancellor,
they think fit in
and Mathematicks,
Ethicks,
Schools,...
In the Philosophy School we appoint Two Masters or Professors,
who
for
their Yearly Salary shall
Twenty Shil]_
ings Sterling
each of them receive Eighty Pounds Sterling, and
a Year from each Scholar, except such poor One,,
as
College
are
entertained
One
of
other
of
these
Physicks,
at
the
Masters
shall
Metaphysicks,
Charge...
teach
and
Rhetorick,
Logick,
and. Ethicks.
The
Mathematicks.
For these Studies we allot Two Years before they attain to the Degree
Eatchelour,
and Four before they attain the Degree of Master of Arts.
THE
In
this
School
let
there
be
DIVINITY
two
SCHOOL.
Professors,
and Fifty Pounds Sterling to each; they are
Students or Candidates of Theology.
Let
one
expound
of
these
the literal
Professors
Sense
teach
the
with a Salary of One Hundred
to have nothing front the
Hebrew
of the Holy Scripture
Tongue,
and critically
both of the Old and New
Testament.
Let the other explain the common Places of Divinity,
troversies
on
those
with
Hereticks;
and
let
them have
Prelections
and
the
Con-
and Disputations
Subjects.
And let the Students of Divinity divide their Time betwixt those Two
Professors.
�143.
THE INDIAN SCHOOL
There
Boys
is
to
but
One
and
read,
Master
write,
in
and
this
who
School,
vulgar
is
to
teach. the
Indians
Arithmetick.
And especially he is
to teach them thoroughly the Catechism and the Principles of the Christian Religion.
For a. Yearly Salary, let him have Forty or Fifty Pounds
according to the 11. bility of that School, appointed by the
Sterling,
Honourable
Robert Boyl,
or to, be further appointed by other Benefactors.
And in the same School the Master may be permitted to teach other Scholars
from the Town,
for which he is to take the usual Wages of Twenty Shillings
a. Year.
CONCERNING
THE
PRESIDENT.
That every One may so much the more diligently wait upon his proper
Office,
besides
President
to
the
be
Six
Professors
Supervisor
of
the
Let
that
and not under
have
a. Cure
of
Care
and
entrusted
Eye
in
over
his
the
the
Let
Explication
inspect
upon
Governors
President,
Life,
and good
Ecclesiastical
Benefices
the
of
Let
College.
the
College ...
the
Let
Election
him
have
of
him
be
a watchful
Masters ...
Let the Plasters often examine the Scholars
and let him likewise often examine them apart from their
him
of
into
likewise
have
or
Scripture,
the
Revenues
a Year at least a full
a
Theological
Lecture
some
Theological
Subject ...
and
Expenses
Account
of
the
be perfected
and that if there be Occasion for it,
40
a.
for
other
Presence;
Masters ...
unblemished
Of
of Age.
chosen
and that
annexed,
he shall not posses above One,
from the College, that it may not hinder his ordi-
Attendance
with
Years
an
appointed
be
Souls
of so near a Distance
nary
Thirty
have
there
of
a Man of Gravity, that is in Holy Orders,
Reputation
we
or Masters,
Rest.
it
College,
a. Week
laid
is
before
to
in
the
Let him diligently
and
see
of all Receits
be
He
Governors at their. General Meeting. ...
once
that
once
and Issues;
the
appoint
Visitors
the
and
Times
for
the ordinary
Meetings of himself and the Masters, at which he is to preside.
that all Things past at these Meetings may be truly entred
in Books by the Scribe of the Meeting, the President shall first read over
the Minutes...
He must provide in due Time that the Edifices be duly kept
up and repaired.. And that the Visitors and Governors of the College may
be better informed of every Thing relating to it, let the President ... be
present at all their Meetings and Councils.
Let the President' s Yearly Salary be One Hundred and Fifty Pounds
Sterling, with an House and Garden suitable to the place, so soon as the
And
to
the
College
End,
Revenues
will
bear
all
THE
OF
There
their
are
are
own
allowed
to
the
Houses
to
at
the
at Liberty
in
Sorts
Charge,
maintained
As
Two
Town,
First
SCHOLARS
Scholars;
Expenses.
one
is
of
them
who
are
maintained
at
and pay School Wages in the Schools where the Masters
take
the
of
these
Wages
as
Collegels
Sort
of
above.
The
other
Sort
is
of
those
who
are
Charge.
Scholars,
we
leave
their
Parents
and
Guardians
whether they shall lodge and eat within the College, or elsewhere
or any Country Village near the Town. ...
If any have their
so near the College,
that from thence
the College
Bells
can be
heard,
and Publick Hours of Study be duly observed,
we would not by these
our Statutes hinder them from boarding their own Children, or their Friends,
Nevertheless
we hope that 8.11
or from lodging them at their own Houses.
Things relating to the Table or Lodging will be so well supplied within
the College,
that they can be no where cheaper or better accomodated.
Let the
spare Chambers
of the College
and
sary for the President and Masters,
let. out at moderate Rents to the better
over and above wh,. t are necesother
Officers
of
the
Sort of the big Boys;
College,
and
let
be
the
�144..
Money they yield be laid out in the Reparation
of the Edifices of the
College.
after they have been Six Years at the College
to be computed by the matriculation Book,) let there be chosen to be
put upon the Foundation, as many as the College can maintain out of the
Out
Funds
of
the
Scholars,
allotted
for
that
Purpose.
instructed
and
some
and
Office
And let them be thereafter diligently
till they are put in Orders, and. preferred to
maintained, '
Place
in
the
Church. ...
OF THE
COLLEGE
BURSAR
OR TF1.4SUPER.
Because the Circumstances of the College in this its Infancy, will
Therefore referring the Rules connot as yet admit of many Officers ...
cerning the Butler, Cook, Janitor, Library -keeper, Gardener, and other
Officers
end
to
the
Salaries,
shall
President
as
the
and
College
only at present
who
Masters,
shall
lay down
find
some
are
to
direct
them useful
hales
their
Offices
and necessary;
concerning
the Bursar
we
or College
Treasurer.
It belongs
to gather in all the
and to keep the Money in
or Professors,
a. strong Chest.
Likewise to pay to the President, Masters,
and , he Foundation
Scholars
their
several
Salaries,
and to pay all other
Let the Accounts
College Debts and Expenses honestly, and in due Time ...
College
of all
after
and.
to the Bursar
or
Revenues,
Incomes
signed
that
is
be
by the President'
once
shall
TERMS
to
it;
entred
in Account
in Half a Year
be
s and Masters
THE
due
exactly
and examined
Examination...
OF
is
else
and Disbursements
they are audited
Masters,
timely and diligently
whatever
entred
in
the
and
Books;
by the President
same
Count - Books,
Names. ...
TO
BE
KEPT
Let there be Three Terms for opening of Grammar and the Indian School.
Let Hilary- Term begin the first Monday after Epiphany, and end on SaturLet Easter Term begin on i,londay after the First
day before Palm - Sunday.
Sunday after Easter; and let it end in the Eve of the Sunday before
Whit - Sunday.
Let Trinity Term begin on Monday after Trinity Sunday; and
Let the other Schools observe the
end on the Sixteenth Day of December.
same Terms;
except only, that to the Philosophy and Divinity Schools we
grant Vacation from St. James' s Day to St. Luke' s.
And because by frequent
weppoint that in
Examination the Studies of Scholars are much promoted,
the Beginning of every Term the Scholars of all the Schools and the
several Classes in them should be examined in Public,
in the public Hall,
what Progress they have made in the Knowledge of those Languages and Arts
Let the
in which they have been studying or should have studied.
Examiners
be
the
President
and
Masters;
and
likewise
the Ministers,
or
any
other learned Dien that please to afford their Company at these Examinations.
For as much as the yearly Income of the College at present is so small,
that it cannot answer all the above appointed
Things that there will be Occasion to expend;
to
Time
to
be
left
to
the
Discretion
of
the
Salaries,
and
many Things
Governors
of
t.-, other
e
are from Time
the
College;
that
according to the Circumstances of the College, for the Time being, they
may entirely cut off some Salaries,
particularly
those of the Hebrew ProSalaries
and the Usher of the Grammar School; and for a Time
of some other Professors and Masters, in Proportion
Service
and
fessor,
bear
it,
Residence.
But when
the
College
they are all to be fully and timely
Revenues
may lessen the
to
increase,
their
and
will
paid.
We the subscribers James Blair, and Stephen Fouace,
Clerks,
being the
major Part of the : 3urviving Trustees for the College of William and Mary,
in Virginia,
having considered the necessity there was to make Statutes for
the good Government of the aRid College, do approve and confirm the aforesaid
�145.
Peserving notwithstanding the Power given by the ChErter to
StFtutes...
the
Visitors
add
new
and
Governors
of
Statutes,
or may even
from Time
stances
to Time
the
same
change
shall
James
Dated
of William Gooch,
the
London,
24th
Colonial
L. S.
Fouace,
of Virginia.
Gov.
Lt.
1727- 1749
to his
brother,
Typed copy of letters in Research
Bishop of Norwich. (
Gooch,
Department,
at
L. S.
Blair,
Stephen
Thomas
as
these,
require.
1727.
Day of June ...
Letters
that...
n- mely,
they may
their Affairs
and Circum-
College,
Williamsburg,
2)
p.
I promise
I put, my son to school the day after we came hither. ...
well built, with gardens and outhouses
you the Colledge is very large &
proportioned.
G!illiamsburgh 7ber 18th 1727.
PAPERS
RELATING
AGAINST
1, hn. &
NICHOLSON,
MADE
BY HIS
Pub.
ESQ...[
in
REVERENCE
JAMES
1727.
London:
BLAIR...
Photostat
Coll.
Mary]
28] "
p.
TO Ali AFFIDAVIT
FRP14CIS
Gooch
Wm.
Francis
An Account of Donations made by His Excellency,
Esq; to William End Mary College in Virginia. "
IMprimis,
His
Subscription
Governour,
Paid. to
Given
v; hen
Coll.
Bird,
Treasurer
in
of
England,
the
of
towards
Given
in 1704,
College,
100
a
and
finishing
a Negro
considerable
likewise
Paid
Year
also
at
the
1 13
the
College
Man
for
the
Number
of
Books,
Gifts
to
the
other
towards
Rate
towards
and
100
Kitchen,
use
of
the
00
the
which
are
Scholars;
now
in
571
the
Uy
1}
College
and for buying
Maps
for
c. "
the
of
09
00
for these Four Years
at
10
1.
Education
5 1.
per
Education
per
of
maintained
past,
a
Annum. "
another
Scholar,
about
a. Year
and
Annum. "
of
a
Clergyman'
s
Son
10
1.
per Ann.
about
a half. "
Besides what he annually
Shrovetide,
Prizes
Diversions,
whereof
the
of
Workmen
00
30 00 00
His Excellency hath also,
poor Scholar at the College,
Paid
00
00
Price
the Use of the School, &
a half,
00
200
College,
t
Besides
00
condemned,
Bideford,
Given
Library,
00
viz."
for maintaining a poor Scholar,
in 1700,
his Share of the Ship Integrity of
Given
son,
100
Lifutenant
Blair
paid to Mr.
N
the
of
no
Books
gives
for
Account
College,
to
to the Scholars
Disputants,
is
kept;
encourage
and
as likewise
them
to
at Christmas
other
things
and
for
what he gave
mind
their
Work. "
their
amongst
�146.
IBID.,
34- 36
pp.
Part
of
another
And
at
him
200
the
1.
Paragraph
same
of
scarce
the
Time,
said
Affidavit.
he [ Nicholson]
made
the College
and
he had given towards Keeping of a Scholar,
given to his Friend Coll.
for auditing
Cary,
repay
had
70
1.
the Accounts;...
to the
In Answer to that concerning the 200 1. the Reader is referred
entitled,
References and Memoraxidurns concerning Blair and the College...
the Father of Lies,
guided hi: Pen in this, as also in the affair
of Coll.
Cary' s 70 1. the Falsity of which will appear by Coll. Miles
Cary' s Answer to his Reverence Blair'-- Affidavit concerning the 70 1. with
To which are subjoin' d,
A Copy of Coll.
a iviemorandum concerning
the same.
Paper
Miles Cary' s Account to William and Mary College in Virginia.;
Copies
of Accounts
College
in
October
10,
of Money
one dated
Virginia,
1700.
received
With
towards
April
20,
a Memorandum,
building
in
England,
and
of William
the
1705;
Two
and Mary
other
dated
By these Accounts it will appear
how much Governorr Nicholson gave towards Building, & c. of the College.
He also gave to the Use of the said College, a Library, which ' tis supposed
might cost him 50 or 60 1. Sterl. a Catalogue of which Books is in his
He also gave
Custody sign' d by Mr. William Robertson Clerk of the College.
besides,
for the use of the School
several
Books;
it cost him some Money
in encouraging the Scholars to make their Exercises, and entertaining
People
at
the
said
Publick
viz
Exercises.
What
his
Reverence
Blair
hath
building the said College appears P. 29, which was only
given, &
20 1.
As for the 50 1. he pretends to have remitted of his first Year' s
Salary, ' tis a Jest, he having no Right to it, as it appears by the Lord
towards
c.
0
Chancellor'
WILLI. cAM &
Letter
s
Opinion. ..."
MARY
of
COLLEGE
William
QUARTERLY,
Gooch.
Fulham
2nd
Series,
Mss.
Vol.
XIX,
Virginia - Box
I,
pp.
455- 6
171 Holograph]
No.
A. Young Gentleman bred at Oxford I think, son to Mr. Rolinson one of the
here,
is by the Governors of the Colledge appointed Professor of
Philosophy, and directed to wait on your Lordship for your Approbation.
We are going to build the Chappel as fast as we can, and from our Enquiry
into the state of things
there,
your Lordship may in time know more.
Council
Williamsburgh
14th 172V8
Feb.
Byrd,
William
THE
HISTORY
Wm.
K.
it
Boyd.,
waw
OF
THE
ed., (
managed
DIVIDING
LINE_ BETWIXT
Raleigh:
1929)
that
the
learned
P.
AND
NORTK
1728
CAROLINA ...
The Secret History - February 17281
Orion [
professorship of mathematics at William
1732]
was appointed to go in his room.
Mathematicks
VIRGIiuIA
33 [
Alexander
Irvine,
and Mary from 1729
This
Gentleman
is
who
held
the
to his death
a. Professor
of
in
the
in the College of William & Mary, but has so very few Scholars,
that he might be well enough spared from his Post for a short time.
�147.
WILLIAM &
MARY
Printed
COLLEGE
in William &
PAPERS.
FOLDEE 24.. . Ms.
1
Mary Quarterly, 1st Series,
To the Honble the Governors
Hond
XI,
p.
I understand
of the Colledge of William and Mary -
by the advertisement
said Colledge
a noat set up at the Capitol
o'
that
a
Chappell
is
to
in form of the Hall and well ffitted
be
Erected
Your
most
Byrd,
hundred
in the Body
Obliged
Humble
26.
to
for the use of a
Chappell workman like all which Building I will doe for Eight
Ninety Eight pounds Currt money Except the Sashes and Glasses
of the Building, I am Gent
Mar:
1741
Sirs
by the reverend fir Comisary Blair,
the
Vol.
Servt
to
Coed
1728.
James
Hughes
William
THE HISTORY OF THE DIVIDII% LINE BETWIXT VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA..
G
William
BoyC,
K.
ed., (
Raleigh:
1929)
p.
1728
118- 9
April 17281
And here
I must lament
the bad
Success
Mr.
Boyle' s Charity has hitherto
Many
had towards converting any of these poor Heathens to Christianity.
children of our Neighbouring Indians have been brought up in the College
of William and Mary.
They have been taught to read and write, and have
till
been carefully Instructed in the Principles of the Christian Religion,
they came to be men.
Yet after they return' d home, instead of civilizeing
and converting the rest, they have immediately Relapt into Infidelity and
Barbarism
themselves.
And some of them too have made the worst use of the Knowledge they
acauir' d among the English, by employing it against their Benefactors.
Besides,
as they unhappily forget all the good they learn, and remember
Ill,
they are apt to be more vicious and disorderly
the
than the rest of their
Countrymen.
I ought not to quit this Subject without doing Justice to the great
Prudence
of Colo
Spotswood
in
this affair.
That Gentleman
was lieut
Governor of Virginia when Carolina was engaged in a Bloody War with the
Indians.
At that critical Time it was thought expedient to keep a Watchful
Eye upon our Tributary Savages, who we knew had nothing to keep them to
their Duty but their Fears.
Then it was that he demanded
of each Nation
great
to
Men' s Children
to be
sent
the
a Competent
Number
of their
College,
where they serv' d as so many
Hostages for the good Behaviour of the Rest, and at the same time were
themselves principled in the Christian Religion.
He also Plac' d a. School Master among the Sa.poni Indians, --The Person that undertook that Charitable work was Mr.
Charles
Griffin,
a Man of good Family, who by the Innocence
of his Life, and the Sweetest: of his Temper,
was perfectly well qualify' d
for that pious undertaking.
Pleasure
with
instruction,
Besides,
that
he
had
he had so much the Secret of mixing
not
a
Scholar,
who did not love him
affectionately.
Such Talents must needs have been blest with a. Proportionable
Success,
had he not been unluckily remov' d to the College, by which he left the
In short,
good work he had begun unfinisht.
all the Pains he had under-
taken among the Infidels had no other Effect but to make them something
cleanlier than other Indians are.
I
�IM2
NICHOLSON
MSS.
Memorandm
For His Excellna. [
Colonial
Inc.
Williamsburg,
Not
dated.
circa
1729?] ..
W_
L
The Colledge
is left in the Condition
it was two or three years
agoe.
The front Intirely Finisht but that pt or wing of the building that is
designd
window
for
Chapell & ca
the
roof &
Frames &
is
not
done
otherways
then [
the
sic]
Brickwork
There is one Mrs Stith that
some part Plaistered - -
She has the managemt of the Childrens Necessarys
lives in the Colledge.
There is one master only
As linnen Bedding & ca & orders their Victualls - The present Master in the
his name is Fry & lately come over & one Usher
Colledge is a very Young man but a good Schollar he teaches the boys Gramar
Writting & ca there is no more then 22 or twenty three Schollars in all.
And no Indians at all - - In the whole the Colledg is in all Respects in a
very declineing
better
then [
Virginia
condition And if the designe of its rebuilding had not been
the present aplication it might have Still lay in Rains &
sic]
never the less Improvd
either in Cultivating
of Releigion
or Arts - elide d'
Mr Blaire is President there and to Intitle him to his
allary; has
z
V.: """` " """ '"
T_ . /
in the Colledge abt two Years.
THE
HISTORY
1693
OF
THE
THE TRANSFER
COLLEGE
OF
WILLIAM
1870,
Baltimore:
to 1870.
OF THE COLLEGE
AND
MARY,
pages 16- 31. [
OF WILLIAM
From
its
Foundation,
1729]
February 27,
AND 1GIRYI
J
IN VIRGINIA.
TO all to whom these presents shall come, Junes Blair, of the city of
and Stephen Fouace,
of Chelsea,
in the colony of Virginia,
Williamsburg,
in the county of Middlesex, clerks, send greeting: ' Whereas their late
Majesties,
King William and queen Mary of blessed memory, being religiously inclined to promote the Studies of sacred Theology, Philosophy, Languages,
and other good Arts and Sciences ...
to give license
them,
or
the
to certain
longest
were pleased of their special grace ...
that they,
trustees ...
livers
of
might
them,
or the major part of
found,
erect,
and
establish
a certain general school, or perpetual college, of sacred Theology,
Philosophy, Languages, and other good Arts and Sciences consisting of one
President,
less,
six masters
and one hundred
or professors,
scholars,
more
or
according to the ordinances and statutes
and non - graduates,
of the said college,
by the said trustees, or the major part of them, in
that behalf to be made and established — And did further grant,
that the
said trustees,
or the major part of them receive, hold, and enjoy manors,
graduates
lands,
and
tenements,
advowsons
possessions
rents,
of
whatsoever,
two thousand pounds
sonal
estate
services,
as
all
well
intent,
should
other
whatsoever
of
or any gifts,
them,
or any
and under this special trust,
take and receive
as
franchises
to
temporal,
and all goods,
annuities,
the
chattels,
the premises,
grants,
assigruients,
of them ...
that they,
the
But
to
said
and dispose the
pensions,
and
value
money,
of the gift of any person whatsoever,
whatsoever,
appointments
portions,
hereditaunents,
spiritual
by the year,
to give the same to this use,
or
rectories,
with
churches,
the
of
and per-
willing
legacies,
express
trustees...
same ...
only for
sustaining and defraying the expenses in erecting and fitting the buildings
books
of
and
and
for
other
as
the
said
convenient
to
them,
intended
college,
utensils,
and
and in ordaining
other
expenses
to
the
the
sane with
said
college
or the major part of them, should seem expedient,
until the said college,
should be actually erected, founded and established.
And under this trust, and to the intent, that as soon as the said college
according to the royal design aforesaid, should be erected and founded," t e
pertaining,
�I
149.
said
trustees,
transfer
the
to
or
the
same manors,
taments,
the
lands,
franchises,
aforesaid,
longest
President,
livers ...
and
of
masters,
tenements,
should give,
and
or professors,
goods,
with
services ...
rents,
possessions,
or so much thereof as
them...
all
successors,
other
heredi-
and personal estate
chattels,
should not be
and
grant,
their
before
expended
and laid
out in erecting the said college, or in the other uses aforesaid...
And whereas the said trustees since the granting the said letters patents,
did purchase one certain parcel of land, containing three hundred and
thirty acres, lying and being in the parish of Bruton, in the county of
James City, near the City of Williamsburg,
hundred
and seventy
which was
pounds,
for the
sold and
consideration
conveyed to
the
of one
said trustees
by Thomas Ballard by his certain indenture bearing date the twentieth day
December,
1693:
and have expended divers considerable sums of money in
of
maintainin6
and
supporting
a grammar
of the youth of the said colony,
said
for the Lxaedlate
school,
the
Latin
and
Greek
education
tongues,
until
the
and the number of
be actually founded as aforesaid,
masters,
or professors,
in the said letters patents mentioned, made complete:
And did also cause to be erected, on part of the said purchLsed lands, in
the
College
in
parish
should
of Bruton
of the said colony,
which
some
time
in
aforesaid,
a convenient
the
month
happened to be destroyed
hath been since rebuilt
fitted with a hall, and
of
by the appointment of the General Assembly
biaildin,-; of brick
by fire;
there,
said
College,
in the year of our Lord, 1705,
but by the care of the surviving trustees
more
convenient
lodging of the President,
for the
October,
masters,
convenient
apartments
and
than
for
scholars,
before,
the
and
and
schools,
ha. th
in
is
now
and for the
it
a
con-
venient chamber set apart for a Library, besides all other offices necessary
for the sr.id College,
and is adorned with a handsome garden; whereby the
several sums of money, so as aforesaid contributed, for the carrying on of
this
work,
and
the
rents,
of the said
issues and profits, and emoluments,
twenty thousand acres of land, and the other revenues aforesaid,
h_ ve hitherto been in a great measure exhausted, and the founding of the said College
delayed and hindred.
to the
And whereas the said surviving trustees,
trust in them reposed,
pursuant
have established in the said College one
school of sacred theology, and one other school of philosophy, besides the
aforesaid,
and have appointed certain masters or professors
said schools;
that is to say, two mast-ars in the theology
school,
two other masters in tree philosophy school, and one in the gramzar
grammar school
in each of the
school;
and have chosen and appointed
Bartholomew
Yates;
late of the parish
of Christ Church, in the county of Middlesex, i_ the colony of Virginia,
clerk,
and
Francis
Fontain,
in the
late of the parish of York Hampton,
county of York, in the colony aforesaid, clerk, masters or professors of
theology; and Alexander Irwin, of the city of Williamsburg aforesaid,
gentleman,
and William Dawson,
late
of Queen
College,
Oxford,
clerk,
meters or professors of philosophy; and Joshua Fry, of Williamsburg aforesaid,
gentleman,
And
master of the grammar school in the said College.
whereas
the honorable
Robert
Boyle,
Esq.,
deceased,
being
in his life-
time possessed of a personal estate to the value of ten thousand yoounds,
being minded to
uses,
about the
in writing, and
after debts and
leave the greatest part thereof to be employed
eighteenth of July ... 1691, made his last will
did thereby...
legacies paid,
and
for charitable
and
tesi,ament
direct that the residue of his personal estate,
should be disposed of by his executors
for
such charitable and pious uses as they in their discretion should think
fit; ... And
the
said
executors...
had agreed to lay out five thousand four
of lands, and to apply the yearly rent
thereof towards the propagating the Christian religion amongst infidels;
and
h•> agreed ; with sir Samuel Gerrard for the purchase of the manor of
d
Brafferton ...
for the sum of five thousand four hundred pounds ... that
of
hundred
pounds ...
in the purchase
out
1
�150.
the said manor the said executorashould
grant a. rent charge in perpetuity
for propagating the gospel in
of ninety pounds per annum to the compEiny,
New England...
a.. d that the said manor,
n
subject to the said ninety pounds
0
should be
per annum,
London — upon trust,
said ninety pounds
deducted,
in
should
Virginia.,
in
conveyed
to
the
mayor,
and
commonalty,
citizens
of
that the rents and profits thereof, over and above the
per annu: n, receiver' s salary, and other incident charges
be
laid
out
for
the
manner,
such
and
subject
advancement
to
of
such
the
christian
methods
and
religion
rules
as
the
so
should — appoint,
and the Bishop of London...
1697...
But there being delays
as such appointment were made on Lady - day,
in the said purchase ... cc & c... In pursuance of which decree, the said earl
of Burlington,
and Henry, Lord bishop of London, agreed on, and appointed
certain rules and methods for the settlement of the said charity in
said
earl
of
Burlington,
under
Virginia,
their
hands
and
seals,
bearing date the twenty- first day
first,
t_at is to say:
h
that all the yearly rents and
as well those incurred due since
profits of the said manor of Brafferton,
the purchase thereof, as which should thereafter grow due, after the deduction thereout of ninety pounds a year to the College for propagating the
gospel in New - England ... should be by the present or future receivers of the
of
December,
1697...
rents thereof paid into the hands of Micajah Perry of London,
agent
in
London
for
the
President
Mary in Virginia.... Secondly,
should
tions
and
all
masters
sum and
should
be
thereafter
the
College
sums of money
thereafter be received out of the
aforesaid,
of
said manor,
remitted
to
already
subject
the
merchant,
of
said
William
and
or that
to
the deduc-
President
and
that the said President
and masters
Thirdly,
masters for the time being.
should thereout expend so much as should be necessary towards fitting
and furnishing
for such Indian children as should be
Fourthly, the said President
and masters,
and his or their successors,
should keep at the said College
so many Indian children in sicimess and health, in meat, drink, washing,
lodging, clothes, : medicines, books and education,
from the first beginning
of letters till they should be ready to receive orders... a. t the rate of
fourteen pounds per annum for every such child, as yearly income of the
prc,iises... should amount to. ...
And whereas by reason of the delays in
founding the said College, and in completing the full number of masters...
thereafter
11
lodgings
brought
and rooms
into
the
said
College.
the clear rents of the said manor of Brafferton have hitherto been paid
to the surviving trustees aforesaid, who
the seine to the education and ma. intaining
as could be procured; and out of the said
erected one convenient building of brick,
lodgings
said
letters
master
is
the
and
James
named,
called
and
in
gid, by
the
President
a,
President
an
Indian
the
the
Indian
master,
of the said
Richard
consideration
sold,
and
applied
for
and
orders ...
shall
school,
have
appointed
hereafter
the
be
a
deemed
the
and
of
College,
Cocke,
the
gentleman...
sum
ma. sters...
of
ten
shillings
aliened,
masters,
released
to
us
in
hand
of the College of William and Mary,
the receipt whereof we do hereby acknowledge.
bargained,
time,
and into the place of that
Now know ye, thr- t we
Blair and Stephen
Fouace,
being the only surviving trustees
in execution and performance of the trust in us reposed...
for
irgin
to
and for the educating of them from the first beginning of
have — appointed
said
before
time
and
sixth master or professor
master
for
till they should be ready to receive
who
from
such a number of Indian children
charity have caused to be
children as shall hereafter be brought into
of such Indian
College;
have
and
transferred...
in
have granted,
anto
the
said
College of Wil iam and Mary...' all
th_ mes uage commonly called the College, situate, lying, and
A
being in h
of Bruton, in
the county of James City aforesaid, near
the city msburg,
and
all
or
houses,
professors
edifices
othe
and
buildings, courts,
gardens
�132.
The Building is beautiful and commodious, being fir:-t Luodelled
by Sir Christopher Wren, adapted to the Nature of the Country by the
Gentlemen
and
there;
since
nicely contrived,
When the College
then
President
is
was
burnt
down,
it has been rebuilt and
and is not altogether unlike QLielsea Hospital.*
Governor Spotswood;
founded,
it
altered and adorned by the ingenious Direction of
the
shall
Trust
be
to
compleatly
be
and
finished,
transferred
from
the
noble Street mathematically
is
to
the
and Masters;...
is
Fronting the College at near its whole Breadth,
Foiai
Scholarships
Trustees
changed
to
a much
extended
a
streight ( for the first Design of the Town' s
just thnLe
better)
Quarters
of a Mile
in
Length:...
a lack of funds conspired with the adaptations of the '
there'
to
unlike
Chelsea
Assuming
for
the
subject
it [ the
reduce
College]
a.fte,
Hospital',
to
or
Wren]
a letter [ to President
of straight
gentlemen
not
quadrangle '
altogether
the Caiix. principle...
that Sir Christopher [
design,
an open - sided
bloc:c11 buildings
his
associates
of Pembroke
vs.
College]
quadrangles
were
he
for college
responsible
wrote
on
living
the
is
illuminating:
I perceive the name of a quadrangle will ca.rrY - w-ith it those whom
you say may possibly be your benefactors, though it be .: uch the worse
and if I
situation for the Chambers and the Beauty of the College...
had skill in enchantment to represent the pile first in one position
then
to
is
in
be
no
one,
Whoever
dispute
somewhat
the
I should certainly make triem of my opinion...
if anybody, as you say will pay for a Quadrangle,
another,
sober,
to
be
like
architect,
carried great weight.
let
made;
a
three
them have
legged
a Quadrangle,
though
a
Put,
there
lame
table."
we are safe in assuming that Blair' s preferences
Certainly the proximity of the parish church, and
the separate but adjoining location of the Gras;,mer School and later of the
President' s House
bear°s more
than e
et ring' s College in Aberdeen. [
ascendancy of the " campus" over
fifi.]
the "
casual
resemblance
It signaled
court"
to
he
arrangement
the beginning
in American
of the
collegiate
architecture..."
The Fducational Influence of Aberdeen in Seventeenth Century Virginia by
XV,
Vol.
E.
in William & Mari- College Quarterly, 2nd Series,
Cutts.
A.
p.
LJ
24,8
�Opposite
page 151.
0
0
BRICK
IN WEST
END
See
OF
CHAPEL -
footnote,
MAIN
BUILDING
OF
COLLEGE.
page 151.)
r
�
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e607d2214b62583a9caa87ba7bd89d51
PDF Text
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Jo
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8
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t1OT7R
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'
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somis utoa2
q.
sT OW( ' Lqn( sTtl spuas SITTa pura nog ancLgT
os
TsTa
Xw
SOSTIOD
so
'
ansu
sJagssm
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pus
JoJ
quepTsaad
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�152.
the
transfer.
JOURNJL
OF THE MEETINGS
COLLEGE
1729- 1784.
(
William &
Vol.
Ms.
MARY
WILLIAM &
August
the
OF WILLIAM &
MASTERS
PRESIDENT &
THE
OF
Mary
MARY
Archives.)
p.
College
1
COLLEGE*
16th
1729.
Being the Next day after the Transfer of the said College was
Compleated.
At a Meeting of the President and Masters
Present
The
Mr
Revd
President,
Blair
James
The Revd Mr Francis
Fontaine
The
Revd Mr William
Dawson
Mr.
Alexander
It
agreed
was
Mr Joshua Fry
they
that
should
Direct,
College
Said
of the
Statutes
Irvine &
Qualifie
themselves,
as
the
by Subscribing their Assent to the
Thirty Nine Articles of the Church of England.
. ..
page 3]
Ibid.,
1729
17,
September
Mr President reported that according to the order of last
Meeting,
he had made a present of fifty guineas to Mr John Randolph,
in
of
the
Mr
Stephen
of his
consideration
trouble
in
and negotiating the Transfer
drawing,
College
In consideration of the trouble and charge of the Reverend
in
a
Fouace
letter
about
England
in
Blair)
to Mr President
the
said transfer ( which he represents
it is agreed that a present be made
to him of twentie pounds sterling.
This is the earliest
Footnote
Faculty Journal now extant.
from
continued
p.
151.]
rector
in
1729,
and the
reverse
position
shows that they were impressed in the brick before it was laid in the wall. . .
The
Cary,
building
of
the
of
the
chapel
was
awarded
to
Henry Cary,
Revolution,
years ago, when it disappeared
Vol. XI,
174- 5.
1st Series,
William & Mary Quarterly,
Tyler.]
Lyon G.
the
of
College,"
Walls
by
on " The
Notes
at
the
college
till
a
father
of Archibald
and the original contract signed by him was preserved
few
on a sudden."
�152- a
WILLIAM &
Fulham
MARY
COLLEGE
Virginia
Mss.
2nd
QUARTERLY,
Box
I,
No.
Series,
122.
Vol.
XIX,
pp.
466- 467.
Holograph.
James Blair to Bishop of London]
Williamsburgh
Sept.
8.
1729
My Lord
I acquainted your Lop in my last that we had laid the foundation of
the
chappel.
That work has since carried on with that expedition that
the
walls
now
are
finished
and
we
are
to
going
set
on
the
roof,
so
that
I make no doubt it will be all inclosed before winter.
The Transfer of the College is at last made to the President and Masters.
JOURNAL
OF THE MEETINGS
1729- 1784]
At
a
pp.
of the
meeting
To
prevent
OF THE
5- 6 [
Ms.
President
being
waste
PRESIDENT &
and
Masters
committed
MASTERS
College
Journals -
Feb.
the
on
OF WILLIAM &
MARY COLLEGE..
Archives]
19,
College
1729- 30.
land,
it is ordered by
the President and '`rasters that if Mistriss Stith tends the ground lately
broke
with
in
except
the
up
that
good part
pasture
part of it which
be
tended
the old corn- field to be all turned
corn,
is
sowed
already
with
wheat,
and
that
out,
the
this
year only,
and that no more ground be broken up
for the future without leave obtained of the President and Masters.
And
that
for the
also
that
ordered
be
none
better
of the College
woods,
preservation
it is
cut down for fencing
stuff without leave,
and
fire- wood,
be
trees
no
used
for
except the bodies of the trees already
cut down and the loppings of those now standing.
IBID.,
June
pp.
28.
7,
1732
S.
The
College
Pro.
July
31.
1732.
chappel
The foundation
laid,
Fox,
the
opened.
Mr Presidt
preached
on
was,
of the Presidents house at the College was
President,
laying
another.
day
was
22. 6.
the
Mr
first
Dawson,
five
Mr
bricks
Fry,
in
Mr
order,
Stith,
one
and Mr
after
The reason of the foundations being laid that
that
Mr
his
bricklayers
not
proceed
till
Henry Cary
to
be
the
the
Undertaker,
ready that day,
and
foundation
was
laid.
had appointed
that
they could
�152- b.
William
Waller
AT
STATUTES
THE
Hening,
LARGE, (
Richmond :
1820) ,
pages 310- 317.
110
An
Jc
for IaY1n.
it„ pl
ay
I.
of
laid
Duty
on
a
sovereign
on
Passed in 1737
every gallon
this colony and
for
ensuing,
of
duty,
other
aforesaid,
one
which
of
of
custom
and
three
or
imported,
tenth
the
after
was
pence,
distilled
other
be
An Act
intituled,
of
day
and
spirits;
brought
into
June,
then
and also one
term of five years;
as
every of the said liquors imported,
tenth day of June,
for and during the term
the
during
on
penny,
the
said
years;
and
first,
the
or
should
from
one
after
twenty
and
duty
brandy,
a
rum,
dominion,
George
lord
Liquors,
gallon of
of wine,
every
on
of
[
el ent Majesty,
late
our
laying
next
1
WHEREAS by an act of assembly made in the twelfth year of the
reign
for
S.
409r.
qp ,
410§. t e,
vo
ase
Duty
a
which
mentioned
last
said
duty,
two
hundred
pounds per annum was by the said act appropriated to the use of the
college
of William
II.
And
aforesaid, (
vessel,
or
ship,
wholly and solely belonging to the inhabitants of
which
colony,
We
III.
sentatives
it
so
in
your majesty'
of your people
general
a
great
duty
dutiful
and
loial
colony
leave to
and
beg
And seeing
only:)
dominion
of the
assembly,
the
has been pleased to disapprove
wisdom,
most
s
half
to
liable
made
were
in your
your majesty,
repeal
the said act,
met
except such as should be imported in any
liquors
the
this
by one other act made at the last session of this
the said duty of three pence was continued for four years
assembly,
upon
and Mary.
whereas,
of
absolutely necessary for the support
much money yearly,
as may be sufficient
repre-
of Virginia,
now
that
majesty,
government, to raise
to
represent
is
the
subjects,
and
this
your
to defray the expences
there-
poll- tax, which will be too
to them,
and burthensome
and will be the occasion of great
grievous
And as no better expedient for this purpose
and discontent:
murmuring
imported
than by laying a more equal duty upon liquors,
be proposed,
can
of,
without
from
do
4pS.t
a
by long experience,
in this
subjects,
colony.
tpat it may b@ enacted,
Majesty,
your
has,
which
plantations;
to your
agreeable
besepph
114113bly
to
people
your
other
your majesty' s
found easy and
been
We
subjecting
flLiriGi 1, and . urges
Ai7d p@
ejlactpAa laz tilp 14444, Gpvernpx. .
a cL. 3t iA5
PnSgted.
iY tin
her9DY .
tbts pre e4t Qt npral
Ss9iG121Y.
9f the same, That for every gallon of rum, brandy, and other
agth9Tity
IV.
s gs
of
distilled
spirits,
the
last
and
of
dominion,
three
day
pence
and
July
from
shall
for
every
be
of
gallon
shall
next,
any port
be paid by
which,
from
and
or brought
into
this
wine,
imported
whatsoever,
or
place
the owner
colony
the duty or custom
importer
or
after
the
of
for
same,
of
and
during the term of four years.
V.
That
Provi
no
duty
e41 peyvrtileleps4
or
custom
vid,
whatsoever,
it
is
hereb;
shall
be
eng.40_ 9nd3 S ecJiired,
required
or
paid,
for any of
the liquors before enumerated which shall come directly from Great Britain;
but that all such liquors shall remain and continue exempt and free from
any
this
1.
duty,
imposition,
act had
This
act
Staiut,es,
pp.
never
was
custom,
levied
or
required
this
by
act,
as
if
been made.
re-
Vol.
or
enacted,
V,
585- 587 ( 1762) .
pp.
or
revised,
310- 318 ( 1745) ;
from
Vol.
time
VII,
to
time:
pp.
see Hening
265- 273 ( 1759) ;
�153.
OF
JOURNAL
OF' THE
MEETINGS
THE
5729-
COLLEGE. ..
Williamsburgh
Instructions
MARY
WILLIAM &
pages 8- 12.
1732.
10,
Aug.
17$. /
OF
MASTERS
PRESIDENT &
from the President and Masters of Wm and Mary College
in Virga to John Randolph Esgr now bound for England.
Another thing we would recomend to your care and management,
is concerning a small library to be kept at the Indian house here
II.
upon that share of the fund allowed by the late
Robert Boyle for the Education of Indian Scholars at this
Hon
College,
out of the mannor of Brafferton in Yorkshyre in England.
Brafferton,
called
We
been
have
tho'
an
in
our
M. G,,,,/
pencil.
of
fahare
that
the
for
that
revenue,
is written
" Brafferton"
house
handsom
word " house"
the
over
built
have
we
of
husbands
good
so
in
School,
Indian
wt
other good conveniencies for the Lodging of the Master and Scholars,
and have defrayd
all the other charges
incident to that pious Under-
in the constant. cloathing and boarding the
taking,
and paying the Master' s Salary; yet we have now in
fund,
about
which
library,
chosen
Bank upon that
part of which we desire to lay out in a well
Lb.
500
Indian Scholars,
we
judge
and
necessary,
indeed
the most
necessary thing that is now wanted towards the finishing their
fitting
and
Education,
live
not
do
we
in
Scholars
that
Indian
them
to become
good
the
intended,
always
was
Pastours,
sent
to preach in their
and instruct and convert their own people.
it is not to be doubted
of miracles,
age
an
the help of many books,
to qualifie
will want
out
and
being put in orders,
language,
own Country
As
what
for
them
Teachers
and
Pastours
as
well
And
others.
as
the fund allotted for their Education being able to supply them,
what reason can be given why part of it may not be employ' d that
way?
should
If it be alleged that our College library it may be expected
supply
funds
us
than
we
latine,
it
Greek
and
truly answered,
be
may
theirs
so
be
no
Philosophy,
Hebrew, &
our
them,
to
if
teach
upon
hardship
Professors,
and
masters
that at present
that they can better supply
rich,
so
it would
them with
furnish
we
while
them,
and
poor,
And
them.
so
are
them
Mathematicks and Divinity,
they should in their turn help them selves and us to a few necessary
the
those
for
books
But we are willing to compound
we can' t say good Store of books,
studies.
them;
with
matter
we
have,
but enough to make a good foundation and beginning of a library,
to
are
the
of which
use
they
are
very
welcome,
whatever
...
money,
with the name of Boyle
marked
presses,
their own house,
being within the College;
tinct
at
books
shall be not only reposited in dis-
their
with
bought
or
Brafferton,
but
every
and
particular
book shall have that Incription on the back of its So that altho'
as
to
the
shall
of
every
use
one
ours,
necessary
paying for
medicines;
know
means
their
and
have
benefit
the
of
their
books,
as they
yet really the property shall not be altered;
shall
a
shall
we
and
his
awn.
victuals
falls
And this of Books we think as
instrument
fully
and
of
their
cloaths,
within
the
Education,
as the
and Masters Salary and
design
of
the
noble
Founder.
�154.
A Copy of the Letter of Credit.
15]
p.
10.
Aug.
Wmsburg.
1732.
Sir
These
are
to
advise
that
we have
desired
Mr John
Randolphs
assistance
in the choice of Books by my Lord Bishop of London our Chancelours
advice
and therefore to desire you to supply
fund,
out of the Brafferton
with money for that business
not exceeding
if he requires
it.
hundred and fifty or three hundred pound,
for
a
him
two
small
for
library
Brafferton;
Take his receipts and place them to the Brafferton account.
To Mr
Perry [ Micajah Perry]
Alderman
Mercht
in London.
Signed
WILLIAM &
MARY
QUARTERLY,
COLLEGE
1st
President &
the
by
Vol.
Series,
IX,
p.
4 Masters]
220
qg
3
August
11,
Letter
of
4 [
1
My
j.
I
chapel
his
William
Rev.
Lord: -
new
1732]
beg
acquaint
opened
was
family
to
Dawson
with
honour
us
always
I
,=
five
in
laid
LIby
opposite
Oct.
the
The
July 31.
1733,
evening.
foundations
to
Houses
six
in
their
came
28th.
June
Governor [ Mr.
and
Presence,
in
Summer,
1732,
our
Gooch]
it
and
being
great
numbers. . .
The
seven
in
Winter
the
and
articles
of
the
agreement,
two /
These
uild-
ings will appear at a small Distance from the East, front of the College;
which
is a Garden planted with fiver
eens kept in very good order.
The Hall and Chapel,
joining to the h(est- Font towards the Kitchen- Garden,3
libefore
form
two
handsomeings...
part of the
of furniture
Lordship,
School.
Brafferton
now my lordship
wch.
money
is
in
if our humble
Mr.
Proposal
to lay out
Perrys hands for the Purpose
and books meets with approbation
and encouragement
from your
we have a very convenient room for a library over the Indian
My
Lord
Burlington
I
am
-'
0
A
o
ao
on brick-House for the President was
It is to be finished for F,650 current 'Money
the
-
Y'
..
of
to Brafferton.
according
with
on
The
solemnity.
of both
the members
assembly time,
are
hours of morning Prayer
Istated
C
of London]
that
Lordship
your
great
to
pleased
were
to the Bishop
informed
has
promised
to
present
us
with
�155.
which
4110
of the
improper
part
Lord
Chancellor
and
set
of
his
Study, but
many
good
not
do
and
honour
1940)
College.
the
A
complete
The President has bequeathed
him
to
alter
his
he
will,
has •
etc.
Dawson.
Second
MAGAZINE,
HISTORICAL
QUARTERLY
Vol. XX
Series,
118- 120
pp.
Fulham
From
those
1732.
COLLEGE
MARY
WILLIAM &
to
service
wanted.
much
is
very
should
induce
if nothing
of the Fathers,
editions
11.
Aug.
with
may perhaps be thought no
The Books published by our Right Rev.
Wm.
M.,
W. &
together
works,
encouragement,
collection.
wd.
Classics
the
his
by
written
were
which we intend to hang up in the aforesaid
Theological
and
Philosophical
His
Library.
Picture,
Boyles
Mr.
Honble.
the
Box
Virginia
Mss.
No.
I,
James
164,
Blair to Bishop
Williamsburgh
Aug.
14,
of London]
1732.
My Lord,
This
by
comes
to
Assembly...
He is now sent home by the Generall
Mr Randolph...
affairs
some
sollicite
to
relating
the
We
trade.
tobacco-
of the College took the opportunity to desire him to do some business for
We have desired him likewise to discourse your Lop and the Earle of
Burlington concerning the choice of a Library for our IndiAmwScholars,
us; . . .
of
out
honour
0
of King
a
and
Queen Mary,
towards
Chappel
and
morning
Presidents
in
College
the
September
inspected...
like
of
21,
is
Goods
and
Masters,
House,
the
sunk,
now
Practices
to
are
Support
letter
to
nt
appropriated
See
finished;
1727- 1740,
BURGESSES
is
an
fraud
the
My Lord
and we have prayers
in it
Blair
President,
the
so
211
p.
and
of the College
read;
setting
of
the
landed
of
are
that
used
River
the
on
the
That by
without being
several
Years
in nothing at all:
and
Traders in Skins,
brings
it
That
the
de-
Furs,
by
the
Pot...
other
themselves,
Blair
of William
forth,
who by a quick Transportation
over
that
River,
escape without paying the Duties
said College,
find are liable to no Penalty after the
near
especially
Commodities
of those
for
now
t Exportation of Tobacco to the Plantations
has been for
he Duty of a Penny per Pound,
lose
said
bear.
1734
presented
s
the fr,
audule
OF
HOUSE
THE
Mary,
clining;
we
We are now a building an handsome house for the
evening.
A• Petitio
and
names
Lodge.
OF
Saturday,
whose
Library,* which we doubt not he will now promote.
our
James
JOURNALS
Legacy.. . We are in hopes too of
and perhaps from his Majesty in
library,
our
of Canterbury did a few years ago signify to us his intention
donation
Our
towards
William
Boyles
Robert
Honble
the
bounties
Archbishop
of
of
fund
a
other
some
dated
July
and
17,
Side
the
the
said
River:
succeeding
1738,
regarding
That
Presidents,
legacy.
the
Salaries
and
Masters,
M. G.
�156.
and the Fund for keeping the Fabrick in Repair being to be raised chiefly
said
1110
said
the
of
out
House,
That
of
Committee
Ordered,
Bar of
by Reason
of the
That
in Arrear;
by
said
and
Masters,
itself
into
Petition.
be
Counsel,
their
or
resolve
next,
the
President,
said
themselves,
Tuesday
on
upon
House,
whole
the
will,
House
this
the
IIouse,
the
much
now
are
Resolved,
a
Fund,
and
Salaries,
said
the
Duties,
and praying the Consideration of the
and such Relief therein as they shall think mete.
Frauds,
then
if
heard
at
the
fit,
think
they
upon
the Matter of the said Petition.
September
Tuesday,
The
House,
College
of
resumed
of
the
and
directed
him
and
to
but
move
not
for
been
that
heard
the
to
at
sit
to
the
the
ram
'
upon
come
the
of the
the
Committee,
Bar,
had
thro'
go
of
therein,
from
Committee
Time
having
Leave
spent
reported,
Conway
had
Masters,
Time
some
after
a Committee
and Masters,
President,
the
and Mr
Petition;
thereupon;
Resolutions
had
of
and
Mary;
Chair,
said
resolved itself into
Order,
to
and
the
President,
the
That
William
215
p.
Petition
the
upon
Speaker
Matter
1734.
according
House,
whole
24,
the
to
several
they
same,
again.
000
September
26,
1734.
Committee
Thursday,
had
had
218
p.
060
the
of
the
Petition,
said
Resolutions
the
thereupon;
in
Report
agreed
at
That
Resolved,
of
Duty
by the
paid.
he
Table;
and
Place,
Resolutions
were
ship
any
Oath
to the Goods
all
Pound,
carried
Tobacco
per
the Value
to
the
come
to
Matter
several
afterwards
delivered
read,
again
and
viz.
shall
That
Exporter,
were
making
without
Penny
One
Consideration
and
same;
his
in
the
follows;
as
further
the
read
where
Person
no
their
thro'
gone
House,
Plantations,
under
which
the
the
by
unto
Resolved,
other
and
Goods
to
the
Indies,
West
or
shipp' d ...
North
Carolina,
shall pay a
upon Pain of forfeiting,
for which the Duty shall not be
to
College,
the
of the Tobacco
SOO
Resolved,
be
That
appropriated
1735,
of
Use
of
Duty
whole
the
of
Direction
the
under
the
to
the
Penny
one
Gallon,
per
College,
after
Governors,
and
the
the
25th
Visitors,
upon
of
Licuors,
October,
and
that
some
Part of the Money be appropriated to the buying a Library for the College,
at, the
Servants,
ing
of
Discretion
Resolved,
That
belonging
Public,
County,
Ordered,
That
the
Governors,
President,
the
to
and
Leave
College,
the
Parish
be
and
Visitors.*
Scholars,
Masters,
be
Students,
from
exempted
being
and
listed,
Household
and pay-
Levies.
given
to
bring
in
Bill,
a
pursuant
to the said
Resolutions; . ..
Article
on
"
Library
of the College
of William
and Mary:;
In 1734 the General Assembly of Virginia gave the College the duty of
one
penny
be
should
General
Assembly
Library.
College
by
Mr.
imported,
gallon on liquors
A book with the
spent in books.
per
Pitt.
William &
Mary
In
of
Virginia
This
two
vo
book
in
is
hones,
Quarterly,
Vol.
the
year
entitled
XIX,
"
the
Volume
p.
provided that some part thereof
printed label " The Gift of the
1734" is still preserved in the
The
Aeneid
First,
48,
1st
of
London:
Series.
Virgil
-
MDCCXL."
Translated
�cp.
157
p.
os,
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Jr,`'
THE
n4;,' " .'''`'‘
i_.'
2R -.
1,..,,-,
MAIN
r,..
BUILDING
BACKGROUND
ROOM"
BY CHARLES
OF
THE
i-, -
.
1?-. 1•4L.
Pk-, 4--,,,,
••:" '•-•-, ,,-.. .
z,,,:. -- ,,,‘..: ,.... -...., ..,..
OF THE COLLEGE
OF A PORTRAIT
WI LLIAMSBURG
BLUE
- -,
BRIDGES,
•'-'"'"'-. -
OF WILLIAM AND MARY AS IT APPEARS
OF THE REV.
COLLEGE.
r.----
ca.
JAMES
1735.
IN THE
PAINTED IN
PRESIDENT,
THE PORTRAIT NOW HANGS IN THE
BLAIR,
,,
4:,.,:„
0',.
4-
4-,•--',-- --•
4..;•••: „.r.- ti,.
f„,.-
,- --„,..
t_
A.,„. 7,-,,,,,,g-',
r_-`
Ase,„:-.:, ':---
','',',..:,':'•;.,-- :„;`,..:
- -,-
1-'-.---
.
4,-_-',
4-‘;:-'--,,.-
-.
47„ l-, • e r'-';-.•:
a- ,,"' ,.,....,,,
2 •'.. :
--_-:-'..
s; .,,
y.;•::,..,A. ..,
-,',
4,,--- ,,-.
4. 4,-,-,..--,-....-,
4.--_„...:'.,
t.'.'.
s--•
2',_,_
40, -, .., ,.....„,„-„
itfoopsw,
7,
7'.-,.
fis,
7,-•-
1,"
fi•-
e
.
a..
X;-‘-,
f"
'
, _.:,
�157.
William Waller Hening
STATUTES
THE
An
Act
for
AT
LARGE,
the
IV,
Vol.
better
support
429- 33
pp.
and
encouragement
of
the
College
of
William
and Mary in Virginia.*
WHEREAS
I.
of
the
president,
a
more
frauds
and
from
hence,
to
of
penny
which
second,
the
founding
furs,
said
the
America,
roial
appointed,
therein
by
of tobacco
revenues,
without
paying
of the parliament
the
of
for
among
charter,
other
things,
building, and
by the survivors of them
erecting,
college,
and since transferred
president and masters; and in the exportation of skins and
paying the several duties imposed by an act of the general
without
of the fourth year of
assembly,
the
better support
of the said
which fall
those
revenues,
about
one
hundred
debt,
and
that
and
must
the
of
reign
So
college:
late
the
for
Anne,
queen
by the deficiency of
that,
short of the annual expence of the college,
fifty
increase,
pounds
when
it
annum,
per
the
is
f, llen
edifices , and
much
buildings
in
thereunto
shall
belonging
require
repairs,
which must necessarily be expected.
forasmuch as the supporting and encouraging so hopeful a
of this
for the
to the people
work,
is of the greatest importance
colony,
of their youth,
wherein
advancement of learning, and the good education
we have
Be it enected, by the Lieutenantalready seen some good effects,
And,
II.
0
in
by a statute
said
said
the
by
granted
was
trustees
certain
to
imposed
its
in
consisting
scholars,
hundred
in the exportation
plantations
pound,
per
Virginia,
one
made in the twenty- fifth year of the reign of king Charles the
England,
to
particularly
British
other
in
Mary,
and
professors,
been much injured
or
late,
abuses,
duty
one
of
and
William
masters,
less.. . hath,
or
divers
of
college
six
Council,
Governor,
from
bound
vessel,
merchandize,
the
some
Burgesses,
be
shipped,
of
this
or
the
five
within
of
peace
the
days
of such goods.. .
parcels or packages
that no tobacco
is contained
therein...
III.
And
vessel,
or
vessel,
the
on
V.
enacted,
or
clearing
British
any
naval
of
officer
and
the
make
he
That
other
any goods,
either before
oath,
lives,
contents
to
the
thereof,
That every master of any ship or
concerned
in loading any ship,
or
in
plantation,
district,
the
after,
where
or
America,
to the
. ..
shall
quantity
make
oath,
of tobacco
he
board...
And,
North
further
person
to
going
before
hath
it
be
other
Assembly. ..
shall,
person
county
several
and
General
present
such
whatsoever,
commodities
justice
of
person shall ship on board any ship,
in America,
the British plantations,
any
any of
to
or
sh_ l1
same
before
and
if
henceforth,
to the
Carolina,
end no tobacco
in
order
to
be
may be carried
exported
from
into
thence,
the province
which
is
of
of
late
practised, without paying the duty in either colony, Be it further
That if any person shall carry any tobacco into the said province,
without
the owner
paying the said duty of one penny per pound,
much
enacted,
thereof
VI.
shall forfeit
the value
of such tobacco.
And,
for preventing frauds in the exportation of skins and furs,
Be it further enacted,
That no skins or furs shall hereafter be packed,
in order to be shipped
off, with any other thing; and every person
intending to export any skins or furs, before the same shall be shipped,
shall make oath before some justice of the peace of the county where he
111
lives,
to
the
number
of
skins
This
on
act
Oct.
4,
several
and
parcels
and
furs,
passed
the
House
and
1734.
See
J.
B.
H.
or
the
intended
packages
kinds thereof...
Council
on
October
1727- 40,
Pp
222- 3,
to
2,
G28,
be
and
233
shipped,
and
received
Gov.
the
assent
�158.
IX.
And,
altogether
October.. .
by
act
one
of
of the
year
twenty
one
better
the
shall
support
and
be
of
the
improvement
as
such
the
and such
necessary;
Gift of the General
and
at
George
a
the
their
said
of their
session
held
to
in
laid
the
continue
twelfth
for
pounds per annum was
be given to the said
for
disposed
of,
the
to
residue
of
such
the
good
and governors
uses,
for the use of the scholars
and
visitors
books,
of
for
as by the visitors
of
part of them, shall from time to time be
as some part thereof shall be laid out and
books,
said
gallon
imported,
wine,
more
day
college,
successors,
and
of
first,
the
two hundred
of
for evory
penny,
college,
the
buying
college,
one
made
king
applied
greater
appointed;
so
and
for
the
relief
the
masters,
or
for the
made,
spirits,
assembly,
late
of which,
out
for
college,
in
the
and
the
directed,
of
and
term;
distilled
general
years,
president,
applied
the
of
duty
whole
other
reign
appropriated
said
the
1735,
and
brandy,
herein
provisions
may be perhaps still precarious,
but may receive a
enacted,
Be it further
That after the twenty fifth
relief,
certain
rum,
the
which
revenues,
of
to the end the said president and masters may not depend
upon
so
to
governors.. .
bought,
shall be
be
and students,
shall think most
marked
thus,
The
Assembly of Virginia, in the year 1734, and shall
for ever be preserved and kept in the public library of the said college.
WILLIAM &
James
MARY
COLLEGE
to
Blair
the
2nd
QUARTERLY. ..
Series,
of London.
Bishop
Fulham
Vol.
XX, pp.
Virginia -
Mss.
Jan.
Williamsburgh
15.
121- 122
Box II,
No.
1734- 5.
My Lord
Our
som
College
Buildings;
thrives
in
THTE
and ornament
of it.
This
the
GAZETTE,
September
Friday
next,
of
and
The
IBID.,
and hand-
3- 10,
1736. (
No.
performed
of
Tragedy
be
acted
Country,
the
the
Theatre,
And,
following
The
viz.
at
CATO:
6)
September
10 [ 1736]
by the young Gentlemen
Wednesday, and
by the Gentlemen and
Monday,
on
Comedies,
BUSY- BODY,
The
RECRUITING-
OFFICER,
BEAUX- STRATAGEM.
September
Williamsburg,
Drummer;
The
will
this
be
will
Evening
College,
Ladies
Scholars;
...
WILLIAMSBURG,
of
of
numbers
ed.
Parks,
VIRGINIA
and
the chappel and the Presidents house making a great addi-
tion to the Conveniency
William
reputation,
or
The
10- 17,
Sept.
Haunted
1736. (
17.
No.
Next
House,
by
7)
Monday
the
Night
young
will
be
Gentlemen
performed,
of
the
the
College.
122.]
�158- a
VIRGINIA
HISTORICAL
of
Letter
of
Jones
Thomas
in Caroline
XXVI ( 1918),
Vol.
MAGAZINE,
his
to
Williamsburg
180
p.
who is visiting
wife,
County.]
My Dearest Life
I
wrote
last
you
Charles
Mr.
Sunday by
Carter'
boy.. .
s
You may tell
Betty Pratt there has been but two Plays since she went which is Cato by
Young Gent'
Company
the
by
the
of
m
on
College
the
they
as
Night
Wednesday
themselves,
call
and I believe
last,
and the Busy
body
there will be another
to Night,
they have been at a great loss for a fine Lady who I think is to
be
Dorinda;
called
be
to
was
to
came
William
that
Parks,
and
Carter.
Mrs.
is
difficulty
Secret,
now
On
and
to
be Miss
which
Anderson
that
ed.
GAZETTE,
this
her,
...
said
1736. (
5- 12,
November
No.
15)
Day
Sen' night,
was
of
Scholars
and
of November,
Fifth
the
being
William
12 [ 1736]
Nov.
Williamsburg
Masters,
by finding
overcome
such ' tis
as
1736.
17,
VIRGINIA
but
greatest
with
town
Sept
Friday
THE
the
College,
the
President,
went,
according to
in a Body, to the Governor' s,
their Annual Custom,
to present His Honour with
Two Copies of Latin Verses,
in Obedience to their Charter,
as a grateful
Acknowledgement,
for Two valuable Tracts of Land given the said College,
by
their
late
Verses
to
ther
Majesties
His
K.
observed,
that
Number
than
has
IBID.,
November
been
William
and
Honour;
there
in
18- 25,
and
of
Two
were
Q.
the
Mary.
Young
upwards
any Year
1737.
Mary
of
before,
( No.
Mr.
60 Scholars
since
the
THIS
School
is
to
give
at the
Notice,
College,
spoke
delivered
them.
It
the
is
fur-
present; a much greater
Foundation
of
the
College.
69)
November
his
President
Gentlemen
25,
1737.
that this Day the Subscriber has opened
where
all
Gentlemens
Sons
may
be
taught
Dancing,
�159.
French Manner,
on Fridays and
according to the newest
in Three Weeks,
by William Dering, Dancing- Master.
Saturdays
once
1110
IBID.,
6- 13,
January
8. (
1737/
GENTLEMEN
and
others,
several
other
Sorts
No.
76,
in
Also
No.
77)
with
may be supply' d
of Garden Seeds:
good Garden Pease, Beans,
with great Choice of
likewise
Flower Roots;
Trees
of several
Sorts and Sizes,
fit to plant,
as
in Gentlemen' s Gardens,
Ornaments
at very reasonable
Rates,
by Thomas
Crease,
Gardener to the College,
in Williamsburg.*
and
WILLIAM &
COLLEGE
MARY
James
to
Blair
of
Bishop
Series,
2nd
QUARTERLY...
London.
Also,
Fulham
Vol,
Mss.
XX,
131- 2
pp.
Virginia- Box
Williamsburgh
July
II,
No.
228.]
1738.
17.
As to the Books to be purchased out of the Archbishop Wakes* Legacy
which
the
mind,
the
in
50 £.
I dare
left
Archbishop
Lordships
to
say
the
useful
more
is
this
let
to
particularly
Classicks alone
of
books
more
this
the
I am clearly of your
and to lay out
care)
at
of
Divinity,
to
agreeable
my
time,
Lops
your
of
design
choosing.
Donor,
and
the
And
therefore
I hope your Lop will lay it out that way.
4110
WILLIAM &
MARY
Loose
COLLEGE
from
pages
PACERS.
FOLDER
Ms.
Account
early
282
of Revenue
and
Expenditures
of
College 1739- 1743]
CONTRA
1739
March
25 ...
Fol.]
By
the
for
Library
School
Books &
Debts
due
[£:
d: ]
s:
for
Books
24
194:
[
torn]
000
Prior
lived
County
on
returned
William
4110
the
lot
Vol.
Records
Gardener"
In
December,
to
colonial
is
filed
January
Wake,
Dear
III
in
17,
Mary
Wake'
s
Col.
Thomas
site
Deeds,
the
York
1757."
Archbishop
William &
concerning
1724,
352 (
Co.
He
Records,
left
a
Papers -
Wills,
valuable
of Canterbury
College
Gardener,
and Mary his wife,
present Taliaferro- Cole Rouse) . ( York
Bonds,
The will of " Thomas Crease 439).
p.
Book
estate.
XX,
p.
414,
M. G. J
from 1716 until his death in 1737.
215 is the following letter
Folder
Wise:-
legacy:
Thursday,
Since you were lunching
following
Creas,
of
entry
in
an
ancestor'
50
to
August
1926,
Wilts.
Tisbury,
here with the Ripleys I have found the
Archbishop Wake, who died in 1732[ 1737]
William &
s
England
will:
Mary in Virginia to buy books."
Can you tell me if any such colle e still exists?
Yours
Col.]
John
Bennett
Stanford
�160.
William
Parks,
VIRGINIA
ed .
GAZETTE,
13-
April
ill
20,
1739.
WILLIAMSBURG,
beautiful
A
of
Monument ,
erected,
in
April
of
College
the
lately
the Memory of Sir John Randolph,
Knight,
has the following Inscription upon it. ..
26- November
October
IBID.,
2,
last,
Tuesday
the
Governor'
were
beautifully
WILLIAM &
MARY
James
Novem.
Anniversary
and
the
College,
COLLEGE
to
Books,
of
Bishop
received
Majesty' s Birth day, it
And in the Evening
Gentlemens,
and
other
Houses,
2nd
Series,
Fulham
London.
the
Vol.
Mss.
XX,
133
p.
Virginia- Box
53.
Holograph]
II,
May 12 1739•
late
Archbishops [
of
donation
Canterbury]
.. .
REPOSITORY
Whitefield'
5
pp.
First
s
Whitefield,
stances
to
which
there;
and desire to return our most hearty thanks to your Lop for
so good a choice.
LADIES'
interred
Respect. ..
several
QUARTERLY.. .
Williamsburgh
of
was
and Mary,
illuminated. ..
Blair
have
was
His
No.
We
Marble,
William
2.
of
great Decency
with
House,
s
the
being
here,
d
observ'
who
of
1739,
WILLIAMSBURG,
was
in
Workmanship,
curious
Chapel
the
20.
in his
1- 2
Visit
[
to
Clipping- no date]
by David
Virginia
Journal,
interesting
of his entrance
into Virginia
Creamer.]
minutely
records
and his progress
the
circum-
through the
province.
December
Thursday,
over
the [
About
at
the
Potomac]
seven
large
Next
friends
respects
stay
to
might
savory,
and
1739.
of York,
or
dine
him
be
to
Rev.
Dr.
with
such
as
"
tended
the
on
with
Blair,
joy,
prolonged.
.
they dine
Governor. . .
his
afterward
he
and
his
He also paid his
excellency.
the Bishop of London' s Commissary. . .
invited
His
to
passage
Yorktown. ..
waited
invited
the
" Had a
short and delightful
River this morning..."
are
again in
motion. .
Friday the travelers
Whitefield
day
were
received
wlo
on
town
11,
him
to
discourse,"
edifying. . .
and wished
preach,
says
Whitefield, "
Jnder God he has
that his
was
been
chiefly instrumental in raising a beautiful college in Williamsburg,
is
in
which
a
foundation
for
about
eight
scholar,
a
president,
two
�161.
410
in the
professors
send their children;
several
sciences.
Here the gentlemen
and as far as I could learn by inquiry,
and
masters,
of
Virginia
they are near in the same order and under the same regulation and
discipline
from
in
as
Oxford.
our
of
Two
at home.
universities
find
I
them
were
my
The present
masters
I
contemporaries.
came
rejoice
in
seeing such a place in America."
MARY
WILLIAM &
COLLEGE
Folder
PAPERS.
282
Loose pages from early manuscript
of
Expenditures
account
book of Revenue
and
1739- 1743]
College
CONTRA
Fol.] [£
1739
College. ..
Mr
By
the
By
do
By
James
Janry 23
By
the
College
pd pt
March
14
By
the
College
pd
25
By
By
the
College
May 14
August
Dec.]
3
20
pd
pd
him
pd
Wray
Brafferton
pd
in
Earls
of
Pitch
pt of
his
Accot
for
s
for
Store
bricklayer
Baskervyle
1
[
torn]
5: [
torn]
27
52: [
torn]
1
13: [
torn]
1
8: [
torn]
1
of Mr Prentis'
for
pd
2
for
Ambler
Bricklayer
Baskervyle
Repairs
Accot
his
sundry Iron- Ware per
Iron- Ware per Accot
Accot
Accot
d]
s
Ms.
16: -- --
1
4: -- --
13
000
1740
41,
...
College
Hugh
Smith
Orr
his Accot
1
By
3]
ByMr
5
May
By Mr James Wray Carpenter pd him in full to
the
Crease
pd
Gardener
1
Yrs
Wages
15th
26
June]
August
13
25
29
2
College
pd
Ford
W:
do
pd
Baskervyle
By do
pd
for
0 .
Sept]
the
By
By
30
for
Bushs
561
for
6000
of
to
1
Lady Day
Decr
Leveling
26
1739
the
14: -- --
56: -- --
44:
torn]
torn]
1
Coals
1
1
Quadrangle
Bricks
10
04:
torn]
6
By Brafferton pd Mr Wray his Bill for Repairs
By the College pd do for Repairs
tongs & c
By do pd for Coal Grates Shovels &
Bricklayer his Accot
the College pd Baskervyle
By.
27
torn]
1
torn]
1
torn
1
Ltornj
Another page' oi account]
1740
...
Novr [ torn] [
Dec. [
1741
torn] [
. ..
By]
By]
By
By
the
College
do
pd
the
do
1
2: pd Southsea for digging a Well
Bowler for new covering the Chappel Forms 1 5:--: --
College
pd
of
pd
Mr Parks
Messrs
for
Harmer &
1
bookbinding
Kings
Store
Accot
4:
1
7: -
b:
15: -
2
2: -
8
�Opposite page 162.
1
i^
Ur1
11111
iiii
E ,-"--"
r
ft''
`
i
n
7-
1 '
1411t71.1 .=.
1' ttli
lllt.% I' l' I•. 1:'
t.
:
I
i'
N,
1i):
I‘ ...*--'
t;&--.. -' '--*"
NIA,
?-.
I. 1;
l .) .
41.
t.
' -
.
I
I
i ,._;,...--
I'
N'
1 ..
11111"
S1:
I_
1
1.
rt.
L
I
flil
u
r
:44a.
t
,
141
TILE ('. 1i';"
w
rsn.
r ..,
J,
91,
i'(
t5. T1IE (
s :.
o.,..., •
n,..
liL.
w.-.
1:..,
1)
The
Brafferton -
built
1
m
li.....
tt, 1. 1.
n"....
....
- ...%.. •.
4. /:. ,,
Itl:.'
1
ia
i1
It
J,
..,
n,,
I1i-. t' AL.%('
ny . . .-/
i.... 1...,•
Ec
vdi.
a•
1 . .„ /. ,
1724; (
2)
front of the Main College Building,
William Dawson' s letter
of
showing the " evergreens11 noted in the Rev.
1732 ( see page 154 of these notes) ; ( 3) The President'
s House built
of the Main Building 1732- 33; ( 5)
rear
view
after the Chapel wing had
been
added
From
Rutherfoord
mond:
the
in
1940) ,
Goodwin, ,
page
original
i 11iams
n
__ •
.
third
J! •' : (
edition,
Rich-
this illustration is a reduced scale- drawing of
which was found in the Bodleian
Library, Oxford,
The original copperplate engraving was presented by
33,
engraving
in December,
1929.
the
Bodleian
now
in
the
1732.
Library
possession
to
Mr.
John
of Colonial
D.
Rockefeller,
Williamsburg,
Jr.,
Inc.
in 1937,
and
is
�162.
WILLIAM
AND MARY
Will
of
General
Series,
1st
QUARTERLY,
Major
Alexander
Vol.
VI1I,
p. 128
Spotswood.]
April
I give
books,
to the College
maps
I
reception
ties
I
and
have
have
Maude
from
and Mary
instuments
with
met
now
received
Woodfin,
of William
mathematical
in
here
the
as
in Virginia
an
of
said
1740]
all my
acknowledgment
house,
Brafferton
masters
19,
and
of
of
the
the
courteous
civili-
College."
ed.
ANOTHER
SECRET
May 19,
1740.
I
read
Latin
Fontaine,
Edward
till
brother
Ford,
WILLIAM &
and
Peter
of
then
I,
in
and
Probably
Ford [
Mr.
Francis
Probably
of the College.
1738]
Second
No.
67
p.
Fontaine [
minister]
School
QUARTERLY. .
Virginia- Box
Mr.
came
Fontaine,
Grammer
COLLEGE
Mss.
OF WESTOVER,
BYRD
WILLIAM
one
of
Master
MARY
Fulham
OF
DIARY
Series,
Vol.
XX ( 1940)
133- 4
pp.
93]
Williamsburgh
Oct.
11.
1740
My Lord
I have received about two months ago the Books of your Lops most useful
Directions
for
The
Ship being
stranded
do good service
the
Clergy,
on
which were above a year in their passage,
the
coast
of
New England.
in helping us in our Ministerial
James
DAWSON
I hope they will
function.
Blair
PAPERS MSS.
Dawson,
Library of Congress
to Bishop of London. ]
Wm.
No
brother
My
Orders.
He
studied
Mr.
date] - [
c.
1740]
Thomas Dawson waits upon your lordship for Holy
lived
has
under
Mr.
in
Fry,
as
this
College
late
five years.
of Mathematics;
about
Professor
The
two
first
and during
he
that
1
In
made
this
in
Orange
the
reference,
Brafferton
Co.,
House.
Sept 25,
1740.
following
It
was
information
dated
Spotswood
April
died
was
given:
The
will
was
9, 1740 and proved in
June
7,
1740." (
Ibid.)
2
Governor Spotswood made his will at the Brafferton Building just
before he went to Annapolis to assume command of the expedition against
Carthagena.
He
to
the
College
left
of
"
all
William
his
books,
and
Mary.. . One of the books is preserved
maps and mathematical
instuments"
entitled:
Description des chateaux et Pares de Versailles de Trianon et de Marley
Par M.
Pigniol
Libraire
temporary: "
William &
de
MDCCXV."
The
Mary
la Force
Tome
Premier.
A Amsterdam
chez
David
Mortier
On the fly leaf is inscribed in writing evidently con-
gift of Major- General A.
1st ser.,
Quarterly,
Vol.
Spotswood...
XIX,
p.
1740."
49.
l
�163.
time,
contributed
I
Expiration
President
i
and
School where he designs
doubt
a
person
of
WILLIAM &
end
he
not
Papers,
of
late
6 Walnut
of
Walnut
1
Walnut
Dutch
2
square
pine
Desk
1 Walnut
Moll'
1
of
Estate
the
School. ..
11. 17. 3
Seats
3.--.1. 10.-
Table
16.18.2.
bolster,
brush
2
Sheets,
pillow--
a
Lbers?]
Glass
Candlesticks &
2s.
ls.
Quilt,
pillow,
Looking
rass
torn]- irons
Shovel &
Tongs
bison
pewter
Snuffers
6 Glasses,
Decanter,
Myrtle
wax,
1/ 6
1
Silver
Silver
2. 3
Do
13.5.-
2
Water
Tall
&
12.-
Candles
Shoe &
knee
25. 3.4.--.1.
5.-
Spurrs
pr
6 Silver
1
3. 6
15d
Apparel
pr
pr
5.3.-
-.
Bowl
parcel
Wearing
Watch
buckles
Teaspoons &
Stone
buttons, &
17.-
Tongs
pr
1. 10.-
Studs
4.-
Razor
half
a
1.pipe
Madera
5 doz
bottles
4 doz.
Madera
about
20
Wine
9.--.-
Cider
1.
5.-
Wine
2.
S.-
Galls
Rum
3.--.-
1 Horse
Saddle,
Will,
6.--.bridle &
a
5.6.-
1.
5.-
B]
Negro
hitherto
been
in
Mary
Quarterly,
2.--.20.--.-
Whip
boy
William
Robinson,
11th day of August
Tables
3
has
Mss.
and
Francis
Table
small
torn] [
1
Photostat.
William
Catalogue
Russa
round
bed,
torn]
China
of
P[ er]
blankets,
hearth
in
Trunk
feather
pr
110.
Printed
Mapps
s
hair
Folder
(
he
religion --
Behaviour.
Grammar
the
Chairs wth
large
to
Dawson
56- 57.)
p.
Books
1
1
the
elected him Master of the Indian
honest
PAPERS,
Appraisement
of
parcel
7
At
til a Parish shall bevacant and here
service
and
Congress.
I,
Usher
continue
good
sober
COLLEGE
Vol.
and
Inventory
to
will do
pious,
MARY
Series,
A
a
Library
Clerk,
improvement.
Term he was chosen Usher of the Grammar School by the
Masters;
in which Place he gave so great satisfaction to
every body that the Visitors unanimously
I
his
towards
endeavors
poor
my
of this
Dawson. ..
decd,
1741.
�164.
WILLIAM &
Loose
from
pages
College
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
Folder
282
Account of Revenue and Expenditures
Ms.
of the
1739- 1743]
640
1742 •••
March
Fol. ]
25 ...
the
College -
the
By
By
College
Peck
JOURNAL
OF
THE
COLLEGE.
MARY
Mr
the
School
the
it
make
Books
THE
to
Shall
in
his
MAGAZINE
OF
PRESIDENT
Archives]
Open
proposals
are
HISTORY &
OF
WILLIAM
AND
23.
January 25th 1742
Shop in this
this
College,
the
MASTERS
torn]
Booksellers
him
direct
AND
p.
a
of
Students
the
now
Currency,
VIRGINIA
OF
intending
Masters
d:]
s:
torn]
52
for
College
furnish
to
as
price
Parks
Wm
proposed
Ms.
[£:
52
work
Measure
MEETINGS
[
yr Accot for Coopers
the
Cooks Aprons & a
for
with
College,
send
to
for,
and
Such
Town,
Books
likewise
and having
at
to
a
reasonable
take
all
and pay 35p qt on the Sterling cost to
Unanimously
agreed
Vol.
BIOGRAPHY,
XXXIII (
to.
pp.
61- 62.
has
1925),
had
Letter of William Gooch to Bishop of London]
My Lord
Mr Commissary
The
Gentleman
old
Rupture
his
and
Children £ 1000
is
10th
1743.
WILLIAM &
John
MARY
Blair
to
[
a
to
after
Legatee,
residuary
May
Books
and
COLLEGE
Bishop
secret,
some
paying
Mss.
5000
and
to
fall
1st
2nd
each
the
of
Sovereign
Vol.
XX,
as
his
five
Nephew
May
135- 6
p.
Virginia- Box
Disposer
Revd. &
my late
Nephews
136.]
Box No.
Mss.
his
a
has
Share.
Wmsburgh
My Lord
It having pleased
to his Mercy the Soul
of
Legacies,
to his
Series,
Fulham
London.
Year,
Illness.. . He
last
small
other
Virginia,
eight
Eighty
his
will
QUARTERLY...
of
his
till
College;
the
near £
Fulham
in
departed
who
Years,
forty
above
left £ 500
Blair died the 18th of the last moneth, .. .
I,
28th.
No.
182.
Holograph]
1743.
of all Things to call
Uncle,
your Lops Com-
Honble.
I thought it my Duty in his behalf to acknowledge the
missary
here.. .
receipt
of your Lops last to him...
S.
P.
Books
breeding
this
a
Parish
Interest
DAWSON
to
Give
Dr.
me
Commissary [
College,
Young
besides
and
Divine, .. .
to
read &
be
applied
PAPERS,
in Library
To
Your late
the
to
write.
to
Photostats
also
Both
those
James
that
Blair]
has
left
in
his
Will
all
pounds for a Scholarship for
pounds for teaching poor Children of
sumes
being to be put out, and the
100.
Uses.
in William &
Mary College
Archives
from letters
of Congress.
Bearcroft
Leave
then
from
to
Wm.
his
500.
Dawson.
acquaint
you
July
12,
that
Feb.
1744]
1.
1743- 4,
I
reed
a
Box
�l
165.
Copies
150
containing-Lord Bishop
of
of
London'
to
According
Scholars,
our
employed
and
there
were
we
much
so
general,
40
near
Desire,
s
every
of this
were
to
in
Work,
excellent
sound
in
up
Lent,
last
able
1 of Dr
Negroes,--
of
Collection
s
train
and--
Papers,
Principles;--
reading
as
the
beside
and
Indians,
I
distinctly,
audibly,
Understandings
of the
Fcr
receive.. .
Servants,
white
of
I gave a Copy of the FPssay to each of
t.o
endeavour
Night
Youth,
out
solemnly
Hearers,
in
Wilson'
Dr
whom
Essay,-- 115 of the
s
Instruction
Society'
Sermons;. ..
Humphrey'
2 of their Anniversary
of Man'
Bishop
the
on
the
3 of
Account,-.-
s
Lord
the
Letter
s
Negroes,
the
Scholars,
who
constantly
attended.
Um &
Mary Col.
Jul.
12.
THE
1744
MAGAZINE.
LONDON
OBSERVATIONS
Nor
do
Uplands
in
the
of
1746,
July
several
VOYAGES
Countries
two
Maryland,
they
and
appear
are
329.
p.
as
TRAVELS
much
of
in
a
AMERICA...
Form;
different
for in the
and abound in Valleys
mountainous,
as
much as they do in Virginia.
.. .
They have some considerable Seminaries of Learning in the two Colonies;
but Williamsburgh
Parents
whose
College
in Virginia
it;
afford
can
is
the
Resort
of all the
Children,
and there they live in an academical Manner;
and,
410
really, the Masters were Men of great Knowledge
and Discretion at
this
tho'
Time;
it can' t yet vie with those
excellent
for
Universities,
call
them
I must
so,
of the Massachusetts;
for the Youth of these more
Settlements,
indulgent
partake pretty much of the Petit Maitre Kind,
and are pamper' d much more in Softness and Ease than their Neighbours
Northwards.
more
better
R.
H.
Those
Schools,
send
Mcll. waine,
that
can' t afford
to
send
their
Children
to
the
ed.
JOURNALS
Monday,
OF
them to the Country
THE HOUSE
March
30,
OF
BURGESSES
OF
School- Masters,...
VIRGINIA,
1742- 1749,
pp.
235- 6
1747.
Governor' s speech to Council and House of Burgesses about burning of
Capitol.]
THE
a
Loss
and
astonishing
the more to
Fate
be
of
the
deplored,
Capitol
occasions
this
Meeting,
and proves
as being apparently the Effect of Malice
Design.
The
Country,
same
Public
within
Spirit
those
you
Walls,
constantly
exerted,
as Fathers of your
will determine you to apply the most effectual
Means for restoring that Royal Fabric to its former Beauty and Magnificence...
�166.
IN the mean
Time
holding
of
City,
we
Assemblies;*
this
General
shall
be indulged
and by a kind
with
their
the Use of the
Offer from
of
Court
new
with
the Mayor
College
for
and Corporation
for the Sittings of the
Hustings,
Court.
BUT as these Places
can only be accepted
and esteemed
as temporary
Con-
I must intreat you to turn your Thoughts to the Repair
recommended...
and I hope nothing will intervene to retard the Execution
veniences,
of that most necessary and important Work.
DAWSON
in
PAPERS of
Library
Vol.
Dawson
Wm.
in
Mary College
William &
Mary
Archives
from letters
2nd
Quarterly,
Series,
Mr.
to
Fothergill -
18,
Aug.
1747]
Mr Fothergill;
On
7.
Augt.
not
1747.
Days
many
Friends
at
of
the
usual
I
Service,
preached by Mr
Young Gentlemen,
in
ment
the
Common
and
your
Season of
both
kind
your
Letters...
and,
and
well
and,
to
think,
15. for
in 1729,
the
was
added-
Sacrament,
the
as
I
Others.
two Packets
first
the
of my
Year
being the
Arrivall,.. .
a
Thanksgiving;
tour
ac_
ministered
After
for Mr
Time,
To
Sermon,
to several of the
a very handeome
Entertain-
a Latin Oration was pronounced by Mr Preston' s Pupil.
Room,
Health,
the
of
A[ ug?]
Chapel;'
the
Preston;
Hall,
the
Hood
happened
wch
in
as
Favour
Diploma,
the
wore
Transfer,
our
the
a Box containing Your acceptable Present to Four
Habit,
...
Day
reed
I
after,
Wmsb,
Preston.
In
William &
Printed
pp 215- 16)
XX,
Dear
in
Photostats
Congress (
we
in
chearfully
The
particular.
Year.
drank
Prosperity
rest of the
Col. ---[
to
Habit
is
illegible],
too warm
for this
That without Sleeves I have almost entirely forgot,
and you must needs laugh in your Sleeve to find me requesting your full
Instructions
Garments,
Diploma,
DAWSON
You have
the
wearing them.
how to put on.
not
written
18.
Augt
about
I know
in
a style
too
high
Pray,
for
sent me such honourable
who
the
is
low
the
Author
of
the
Subject? .. .
1747.
PAPERS
Jno
Sherwin
to
Wm.
Dawson]
Adventure
August 18th
1747.
Mr Dawson
Sr
I send you Hedericks Lexicon as pr promise in the small Travailing
Library
I
have
wou'
d
not
you'
l
observe
me
ill
remember
The
Capitol
a
the
Acknowledgments
burned
May 11,
1, 1753.
its
Colledge
Woods
but
am
pay
Mar.
Nov.
found
I
to
for
on
I
a
College
2-
Board.
on
suit
1749;
MG.
Voyager &
Jan.
on
sessions
Library,
accept
of
30, 1747.
Apr.
30 -
March
Feb.
27 -
Apr.
Oxonienses &
Athenae
have
20,
that
sent
this
Captn
Mite. . .
fancying
Likewise.
it
I hope
at present lett
Hamar &
the
Other
The General Assembly 1Let at the
18,
1747;
1752.
Oct.
27 -
Dec.
17,
1748;
It met in the new Capitol
�y 1
Perry,
Historical
365
Mr.
I 749•
DAWSON to the BISHOP of LONDON.
WILL1.
u1 &
l\ I.\
RV,
July
II,
1749.
•
LORD,
The bearer of this Mr. Adam Menzies is a candidate for Holy Orders.
has been an instructor of youth in a reputable family these four last years,
ring which time he approved himself to the neighbouring Clergy and laity.
I am concerned and surprised to hear that young Mr. I3lacknall, recomnded to your lordship' s predecessor, has misbehaved and laid aside all
of
ughts
the
hingston in Glocester, his late father' s Parish, and
ministry.
nded for the son, is still vacant, and Augusta by the death of Mr. HindTwo Parishes, Rawleigh
n.•
in Amelia &
Truro in Fairfax were divided the
Assembly; so that if Your Lordship shall think fit to ordain the gentle
n from hence, they will in all likelihood be provided with livings. •
A worthy Clergyman assures. me that Mr. Wm. Douglas' s title from Mr.
rel, minister in Saint Mary' s county, in Maryland is genuine.
I need not acquaint your Lordship that many of these Northern Gentle-
n are bred Presbyterians who being admitted into Orders seldom have, I
r, so
great
a
regard
for
Church'
the
s
Interests
as
their
own.
Clergymen
m Oxford and Cambridge would be more acceptible to the people of this
ony, and there is now the greater occasion for a regular Ministry abroad in
pect
of
rued
than
tubers
of
the
in
Dissenters,
former
our
whose
days &
teachers, generally speaking, are more
as zealous and active as ever in seducing the
It will not, I hope, be imputed to partiality or
communion.
judice, if I should affirm that the churches are supplied with better miniss from
our
Seminary ( all of them being well reported of), than usually
from
home.
I thought it my duty to shew the absolute necessity of
ding able and good men to weaken the growing interest of the Separation
ne
strengthen the declining state of the Establishment.
1'
I
am,
my Lord, Yours, &
c., &
WM
c.,
DAWSON.
•
Collections. . .
�167.
Gentlemen
for
the
Genteel
Entertainment
we
receivd
from Mr Dawson
when
at Williamsburg.
411
r4
Jno
ROBERT
1747- 1751 ( Ms.
DIARY,
ROSE
Sherwin
CWI)
Department,
Research
Photostat
1748...
December]
my
Shewd
Wmsburg about 10 a m went to the College
dined at the Rawleigh Tavern.. .
Liberary
debates,
went
to hear
the
dined wt the Commissary...
reachd
7th
Brother
their
8th
Photostats
PAPERS -
DAWSON
at Library
Wm.
in
William &
Mary Archives
from original letters
of Congres.
Dawson
to
Wilson.
Dr
Jul.
25.
1749.]
Dear Sir,
before
I
Lyttelton'
to
sors
this
and
Scholars
the
Use
of
Copies
an
in
our
of
Forms.. .
Gentlemen,
Young
and
Mr
s &
Present
Burgesses,
the
higher
the
Mr West'
agreeable
of
Several
Council,
the
300
I made
Books. ..
of
One
Most of
The
remaining
their
Succes-
College.. .
Photostats
IBID.,
for
reserved
are
in
Masters;
the
Clergy,
Numbers
of
Each
of
Receipt
the
excellent
Governor,
our
the
acknowledged
most
s
William &
in
Mary
College
Rev.
Wm.
Archives
from Mss.
in
Library of Congress.
List
of
List
not
George
books
bought
copied.
the
Dawson
of
G.
Feb.
Cox -
19,
174-.
Bickham
A SHORT DESCRIPTION
GREAT
BRITAIN (
Nor
Play-
by
MG]
does
House
OF THE Al
London:
1749)
Williamsburgh
Publick
end_ other
College
has
been
once
differs
not
much
in
RICAN
p.
thrive
from
better,
Buildings,
destroyed
form
COLONIES
BELONGING
TO THE CROWN
OF
180
by
Fire,
Chelsea
tho'
besides
but
it
Hospital.
it
the
is
has
a
College,
Courts.. .
now
The
rebuilt,
and
a
�168.
DAWSON
Mary College Archives
in William &
Photostats
PAPERS -
from
original letters in Library of Congress.
Thomas
Wilson
to William Dawson]
1111
Dean'
s
Yard
March.
Westminster.
22d 1749- 50.
1. . .
desire
I
Mr Lally' s
wch are ye
Wm.
Archbishop
Books;
rnd
with
Clemens
Wm. :
Potter,
out
Brownes
this
Serms -
Dr
Book &
Hodges
Year,
last
Elisha,
except
during
Series,
2nd
XX,
221- 224
pp.
Virginia- Box I, No.
Vol.
Mss.
Fulham
184]
i'50 to the College wch was laid out in
His Chancellorship,
presented the Library
of
St.
Chrysostom'
s
and. His
Works,
Own
of
Alexandrinus.
x Mary Col.
July. 27.
1750
Virg^.
DAWSON
PAPERS - '
liam &
Mary College
Not
signed
Wm.
of
Photostats
Library of Congress
originals
in Wil-
Archives.
addressed,
Gooch]
60.
in
thrives
. ..
Mrs ---[
I
And
torn]
am,
and,
but apparently
and
Reputation,
with
Worthy
the :: lost
Sir,
Your
from William
of
Numbers
Dawson
to Sir
Scholars,
perfect
Esteem &
Honours,
being now
Affection my Lady
...
1750.
20.
Aug.
or
College
The
about
G.
French
come
London.
Edition
Benedictine
the
of
Wake bequeathed
Abp
are
QUARTERLY. . .
Bishop
to
Dawson
yt
of Mr
Vol.
wch I never mind. . .
Ones,
COLLEGE
2
excellent
an
Bookes,
Only good
MARY
WILLIAM &
of
Translation
Controversial
some
of
Acceptance
your
IBID.,
Dawson
Thomas
to [ Lady
Gooch?]
Wm &
Mary
Coll:
Sept.
4.
1750
Madam,
I hope you will in Return give me an Account of your Transactions.
L- t
therefore
know
me
Retirement
also
Dr
if
you please,
torn]
how
Sir
Gilmer,
who
says,
William [
their
ms.
proper
likes
his
Compliments,
as
Gooch]
he often looks at your former House
torn]
11
P. S,] . ..
We
B±
remembered
a. fferton
on
the
Sir
27.
of
William &
July, &
the Ladies in a particular Manner at
at
the
Coll:
15
of
Aug.
�168- a
MS.
DAY- BOOK
Original
KEPT
of
University
WILLIAMSBURG,
0.
AT PRINTING
AUGUST
I
I
1750- 1752 [ William
Photostat
Library.
Hunter]
Research
Dept.,
CWI.]
1750.
6
August
10,
18.
1750]
and
William
For
Mary
48.
Folio
1
December
Quarto
The
Revd
Thomas
s
Dawson
For
Stationary
-
2
Lead
a
Paper
-
-
of
Acct
-
-
Bibles &
1:
-
1:
1:
c
8
1:
-£
8
2:
3:
4
Graham Dr
Seed'
Binding
To
Dr
Book -
Bibles -
5th, 1750]...
The Revd Mr Richard
To
43.
College
Prayer
1
Works
Dr to Sundry
and
Slate
a
Pencils
Ink
of
4:-
8d
Accts
Pencils
Copy
Book
176-
1. 6
1/
1. 8
8
Powder
3: 10
To
July 4,
48.
a
Quarto
Revd
Richard
For
Hill'
Graham
s
Whiston'
17.
1. 1.
Bible
8 _
1: 5: 6
1751]
Doctor
For
William
Pine'
s
To
Dr
Bought
Books
Euclid
s
pr
I50
r
OFFICE
Virginia
5: 5: 5: -
Chronology
Ct
advance
Dawson
Horace
Dr
to
Bought
15:
-:
Books
1:
S:
�169.
IBID., [
Benjamin
Dod.
to
William
London
Revd
u
1)
Dawson]
4W' . • ..
March
23d
1750/ 1
Sir
These
Goods [
Glasses
Harris' s
and
books
together
pamphlets]
3 Chests -
in
packed
are
with
and a 4th Case
the
Prints
contains
in
Frames
the 6 setts
of
Voyages .. .
In Respect to your Commission for the Prints I was at a Loss how to Act,
Your
as
Order
was
guess
I might
at
general,
so
and likewise
wanted
the Number
Landscapes &
Portraits
not mentioning
any thing whereby
furnish
would
one
be
to
whether
agreeable;
Room
or
more,
or
However
History
as you Desired curious Prints of best Engravers from most eminent Masters,
in Prints)
I hope ( Rs I do pretend
to have some knowledge
that those sent
are
such & will meet with your Approbation,
and if you have any Connoisseurs in this Art in Virginia I doubt not but they will inform you what I
whether
to
seem
Colonies
of most
eminent
fine
more
nor do I believe that there is the like in any of ye
assert -
British
c
or
Impressions -
that
Plantations
Masters
Painters &
but
fear
I
to
equal
will
much -
too
say
in
these
in
Engravers
goodness &
small
so
variety
such
Number &
e
however I beg leave just
to say that the Battles of Alexander are the finest Impressions I ever saw,
do
nor
I believe
there
Setts
such
3
are
in
England. ..
This
Sett
I
could
not
doubt as they were for Furniture and of a size to come under Glass but
would
Here
be
agreeable.
Dods
sending,
this kind
and
is
Prints
burnt
are
especially
usually kept
are
more
keep
beautiful
all
ye
care
in
Frame
the
Maker (
who
and
by
has
which
in
behind
I
told
am
pasting
for
and
in
the
has
the
Glass;
Coal
Yet
is
End [
where
behind
used
in
sic]
I
first & then
Goods sent in Mr Hanbury' s shipping
good Workmen) disappointed me -
most
like
but
Curiosities
is not
End
that
Glass
Painter. ..
seen,
Places
London &
even
as
mended
he
Masson.] ...
engraver
Years -
many
possible
Engraver
because
Books
beautiful,
paper on the Frames
You would have had these
the
the
engravings
discoloured,
soon
much
will
taken
them
other
commends
look
they
they
in
.. .
several
mentions
not
of
Coal
Glass
Virginia
have
pasting
had not
however
I
am much better satisfied in my own mind to have them well done with good
stuff
. •
WILLIAIMi &
p.
2,
MARY
COLLEGE
lst
QUARTERLY . ..
Series,
VII,
Vol.
p.
142;
Vol.
VIII,
15.
From
Diary of John
Historical Society]
Blair
in
an
Almanac
for
1751,
preserved
at Virginia
February.]
2.
Last
regular,
July
10,
November]
night
till
1751]
the
some
10.
college
went
fair
up
bell
and
day.
tolled
stopt
it,
they
who
say
saw
abt
an
hour,
very slow and
nobody.
Fine Entertt of music at Braffertn.
16.
s
I•
This
from
evening Mr.
Pr[ est] on
playing at a rehearsal in
to prevent the young gentlemen at ye college
ye
d. ormit
,
how
they
could
act
Cato
privately
�170.
themselves,
among
his tearing
CHARLES
down
himself,
LETTER
Ms.)
BOOK (
M.
F.
Norfolk
Walter
Our
has
Peasant;
n
but
surprising.
1751- 1763
Society
Goodwin]
September
To
Drun[ ke]
the
act
say,
is to me very
Historical
Miss
they
the curtains
STEWART
Pennsylvania
Notes
did
1751.
23,
Tullideph.
has
college
somewhat
lain
Expectations
under
its
retrieved
for
reflection
character,
some
time,
it does
altho'
but
not
that might be had from so great a foundation
Endowment.
There
at
are
personal acquaintance
reason to believe
not
present
70
above
with all the masters
of
late
answer
and noble
Fronm
scholars. ..
the
our
of the College we have
that the reflections that are thrown on them are un-
just...
MARYALAND
GAZETTE
TRUSTEES
THE
in
said
ing
Richard
Graham,
Ditto" " the
College"
Rev.
the
Hon.
"
The
Camm,
John
At end of list
the
To
in
and
a
Hunter,
the
to
guineas
Attorney
named
pistol
Thanks...
each,
The
in William
Gentle-
incluc
Rev.
Mr.
and Mary
Professor of Moral Philosophy in
Dawson,
Auditor
Walter
George
1
General," "
now
the following
under
their sincere
Mathematicks,
William
D.
President
D.
of
General
Thomas
King,
John
Wythe,
of
the
Virginia," and
Rev.
Nelson,
Randolph,
John
others
Mr.
Norton.
following:]
and
Hall,
for
Ladies,
who attended
Benefit
the
of
the
a
Concert
School,
of music
for 23 Pistols
ed.
GAZETTE,
Dec.
8,
1752.
To
Mr.
Wetherburn'
Slaves:
Goods,
And
and
allowed,
N.
from
School,
half."
VIRGINIA
AT
5
s
Preston,
Blair,
Robinson,
the
the
Gilmer,
Gentlemen
College
the
Rev.
John
George
Dr.
including
and
from
of
William
Hon.
Charity Working
having received
Design...
Majesty'
Professor
the
do hereby return
giving
Randolph " his
College.. .
John
listed
for
pious
in Virginia,
donars
39
Peyton
the
1752.
11,
Maryland,
County,
to
and Ladies
Some
MANAGERS,
AND
Talbot
setting up
Contributions
men
June
Thursday
B.
Price,
Also,
a
at
s
the
choice
be
the
Tuesday
on
College,
on
Collection
SOLD
12th
of
Wednesday
of
Books.
this
the
Instant,
13th,
Three
Negroe
sundry Houshold
Six Months
Credit will be
the Purcnasers giving Bond and Security.
The
at
Books
be
may
seen,
and will be disposed
of at a very low
any Time.
to
be
let,
a
Negroe
House-
Wench.
Thomas
Dawson.
�170- a.
MS.
DAY
June
323.
KEPT
BOOK
Photostat
25,
Hunter]
1750- 1752
CWI)
Hill'
1
26,
William
Hill'
s
C.
B.
9: -
Dr.
To
S.
B'
C.
s
B.
Arithmetick
s
College
Love'
9: -
Dr To
1 Wilson'
1
Cunn'
B.
C.
B.
8. -
Euclid -
Leadbetter'
S.
Surveying
s
Surveying
2
s
s
1 Varineus'
1
Simpson'
1
Gordon'
1
Religious
1 Tom
Ray
on
1
Cotton'
Astro
Thy -
the
Creation
June
323.
29,
-:
7: 1:
8
9: 5: 9
5: 10: 6
Works
1 Hudibrass - 1 Roderick
12:
1:
Works
s
6
1:
Philosopher
Brown'
1
Phisico &
s
8
5:
Mathematicks
s
1.
10: -
Grammar
s
6
10:
1.
Algebra
s
s
10:
1. 15. -
Astronomy
Geography
s
Derham'
3 Vols
12. -
s
1 Leadbetter'
Ill
B'
1752]
Allen
For 1
S.
Arithmetick
s
Allen ( College)
William
June
Dr To
Carter ( College)
Charles
For
103.
OFFICE [ Wm.
PRINTING
Dept.,
1752]
For
103.
AT
Research
Random
10:
3:
1752]
Charles
For
Dr.
Carter ( College)
1 Anson'
Travels
of
Voyage
Cyrus
2
Vols
to
S.
B.'
s
C.
B.
11: -
17:
2 Vols
Telemacus
Kennett'
s
s
10:
Antiquities
10: -
6
6
2:
9: -
7
�170- b
OF
JOURNAL
MEETINGS
THE
COLLEGE
1729- 1784,
At
of
Meeting
a
OF
PRESIDENT &
THE
MARY
OF WILLIAM &
MASTERS
page 33- 37.
Masters ...
President &
ye
Sepr ye 14th 1752, ...
ye following Orders were unanimously agreed to.
Ordered,
1.-
Scholar
no
yt
keep any Race Horse, at ye
Yt they be not
bourhood.---
And
those
made
by others :
abetting,
of ye College, & belonging
bourhood
sent off...
dispatched, &
Ordered, --
Scholar,
no
yt
any School
Town,--or
in ye
concerned
Way
any
or
2.-
to
belonging
College, -
to
yt
any where
in the neighin backing,
in ye Neighbe immediately
in making Races,
or
all Race Horses,
kept
of
any
to
belonging
Scholars,
ye
ye
College,
or
of
3.- Ordered,
their
4.- And
It
for
ordered,
is
Master,
5.-
Ordered,
or
Possession,
under
pay
7.-
a
And
clear,
first
yt
had &
Scholar
no
Implement
of
do
presume
without
to
these,
or
yt
Ye
a
scholar
no
as
go
controul, &
to Ye End,
yt
Regulations, ...
&
of
out
ye express
&
said
ye
Leave
par-
bring, or cause to be brought any Cards,
Gaming-- yt ye having Cards, or Dice, in
do
of wt
Age,
subject
be deemed, &
of ye President, & other
Obedience to ye President, &
is
Ordered,
adjudged
soever,
Rank,
or Quality
to none but his own proper
no Person may pretend Ignorance
it
residing
Bounds,
of his respective
command,
ready
Irregularities,
soever,
obtained; ...
if he were
general, &
ye College,
Under Pain of ye
like
Quality,
shall
ye Bounds of ye College,
ipso Facto,
of ye Crime of Gaming.- ...
himself,
all
Orders, &
Mill- Pond,
other
6.- Ordered,
not
the
of
Rank
within
conviction,
behave
College,
Age,
Rank,
or be
do frequent,
to ye College,
Town,
except they be sent for by
Prevention
of wt
of ye
Tutor,
or
Dice,
let
belonging
effectual
Scholar
no
towards
ticularly
or
Scholar,
no
more
ye
yt
ye Bounds
within
or
yt
in or about,
ye
ye Ordinaries,
or other near Friends.
Relations,
in,
Age,
or other Gaming
do
seen,
wt
without,
within,
soever,
or
wheresoever
residing,
or Betting,
at ye Billiard,
playing,
presume to appear,
Tables or be any concerned
in keeping or fighting Cocks :
or Punishment.
like severe Animadversion,
Quality,
or
do
College...
the
in
yt they
be
do
Masters;
a
think,
Master,
but
every other Master.
of ye foregoing
fairly
transcribed,
&
legible Copy of ym be posted up in every School of ye College.
William
Stith
yt
�1 71.
JOURNAL
OF THE PRESIDENT &
OF THE MEETINGS
COLLEGE [
1729- 1784],
P.
29 -
Meeting
a
of
Masters
President, &
the
of W &
yt
of ye
Room,
BID.,
unanimously,
Hall, & great
43,
pp.
44.
Meeting
a
Ordered,
College
Commissary Dawson be allowed ye
during ye Meeting of ye Clergy.
Sept At
M
Mr.
Resolved
Use
MARY
WILLIAM &
OF
1754 -
Aug:
At
MASTERS
43.
of the
President, &
7-
Masters
1754
of William &
Mary College
1st That no Boy shall be permitted to saunter away his Time,
upon any of the College Steps or be seen playing during
Hours under a severe Animadversion
fm ye President,
or any of
or lownge
School
the Masters.
Ordered,
2d
That
Disturbance
Boy
no
there,
go into the Kitchin,
or cause
Punishment
fm the President,
or
to
presume
a
under
severe
any
any
of the Masters.
attend Dinner, & supper in the
That the Boys regularly
charged & commanded
not to allow
ye House- Keeper be strictly
to be sent into private
whatever
Victuals
Rooms to any Boys,
ex-
Ordered
3d
Hall, &
yt
any
to
cepting
forgot,
as
such
Boarders &
Conduct
and
they
Sickness,
if
requir'
College
are
to
Wine-
only
expect
to
Whey.
Rules,
the
to
House- Keeper,
Ordered -
hence;
the
or
is
Expence, &
from
the
College:
either
shall
Sick,
be
is
got
Tea
to
be
made
to
that
that
to
of improper
inform' d that
own
Attendance
to
Instances
their
If any Emergency
Application
several
they are hereby
at
either have
with what they have a Right
College, &
provided
any constant
d, these also
allows
Keeper, &
be
to
the
from
arisen
are
Occasion
the
Because the Scholars
sick.
really
in
Lodgers
have
Candles
Diet
are
as
or never have been acquainted
on
in
Fewel
no
Case
of
necessary,
or any particular
at their own Expence.
The
be
made,
requires
the
sent by the Housea Departure from these
&
Master
for
the
Week, &
Servants.
yt ye three last Rules be hung up in ye several Schools.
in a different
William
handwriting]
Stith
President
not
�172.
William
Stevens
HISTORICAL
Perry
COLLECTIONS
RELATING
TO THE
COLONIAL
CHURCH
IN AM ERICA,
I -
VIRGINIA ( Hartford:
Mr.
Commissary Thomas Dawson to the Bishop of London]
Vol.
1670),
431
P.
Wm &
Mary
Novr
College,
15,
1754.
I write in August last a Circular letter to the Clergy of this
Oct.
Colony requiring their attendance at the College on Wednesday,
On the Day appointed a great number of them met* .. .
30.
S
BURSAR'
William
College
ocMary
Archives,
p.
1
On page 1 of Bursars Book 1754- 69 are listed by name the
NOTE:
students,
for
Ms.,
1754- 1769,
BOOK -
the
and
negro
which
1755,
1754**
1754
years
and
Indians,
scholars,
servant
lists
Students
boys
in
the
College
total:-
53
15
Scholars
Indians
Negroes
8
Students
40
15.
1755
Scholars
Indians
8
Negroes
8 ]
Photostats
in William & Mary College
PAPERS original letters in Library of Congress.
Commissary Dawson to Bishop of London ?]
DAWSON
13-
Aug -
Archives
from
1755
My Lord
004
Bearer,
The
Journal
of
James
Mr
Marye,
Convention
the
of
son
appears
in
the
J- M,
Revd
Perry,
on
I beg Leave
pages
414-
426.
to
M. G.
Students in 1754 at William and Mary College.
A considerable number of both students and scholars
Of
those
ships,
Eight
in
college,
there
and
of
the
were
more
0110
and
fifteen.
William &
a
moderate
[ College
Mary
eight
wealthLy]
Supposing,
the total attendance
as
fifty-
two
were
Indiaas--
students
had
all,
boarded
fifteen
seventy- five
negro
boys
to
in town.
had
scholar-
students.
wait
on
them.
that forty students resided in town,
and Mary this year was about one hundred
estimate,
at William
accounts
Quarterly,
pay
in
students,
1st
for
ser.
board & c
follow]."
Vol.
p.
VI,
187
A
�1728
25,
February
t,
y
FULHAM
PALACE
I•
k
for the missionary' s expenses on the outward
trip :
Received
Feb. 25,
1728,
of the Rev.
Mr. William
t
Dawson—
Fifteen pounds eleven shillings and eight pence for
his passage in the Willamsburgh to Virginia.
F. RANDOLPH.
Common passage, six pounds.
fresh provisions, eight pounds six shillings and
t •
1
eight pence.
Building his cabin, one pound two shillings and
three pence.•
total, fifteen pounds, eight shillings, and eleven
pence.
There is a note on this account added :
j
WILLIAM &
MARY
COLLEGE.—
Thomas
Dawson
elected president of the college, Feb. 25, 1756.
A MARRIAGE
LICENSE.
By the honourable WILLIAM KEITH, Esq., Lieut' t
Governour of the province of PENNSYLVANIA, counties
of New Castle, Kent and Sussex upon Delaware, to
the
Rev.
Thomas
Hughes,
Minister
the
attending
0
services of the Church at Philadelphia.'
WHEREAS application bath been made by John
Bringhurst of Philadelphia, Mariner, and Mary Clay_
b
pole of Philadelphia, seamstress, to be joined together
in holy matrimony, and finding upon due examination
72
Sadler
Philips,
Darton
L
Co.,
" Fulham
Ltd.,
London:
Falace" ,
1907,
p.
Wells
Gardner,
72
726. 9
P563
1i,,-.:*,,,,.. .-,..,,. -
44-..:, . . ::' . .
m,•
4
,
ilk
t
F
'
-:
, „.. '
:
1
N•
k
f
r
t,
e
yr
t
t1 *.,
'
6. ,
I;
t
re
1♦
hrt;
i +
►
�173.
for
to yr Ldp
recommend
Holy
Besides
the
we have now 4 Students
ye Bearer,
in ye Grammar- School.
high advanced
Youths
in Divinity $ c
Pry God increase
Number. . .
Meeting
a
of
THE
MARY
OF WILLIAM &
MASTERS
PRESIDENT &
Page 58.
1729- 1784.
COLLEGE,
OF
MEETINGS
OF THE
JOURNAL
At
Byrd,
Coll:
Davenport &
Mr
promising
some
very well. -
behaved
I personally know,
in the Family of
as
Tutor
a
He had his Education in this College,
He has also been nigh 2 Years
a Gentleman of his Majesty' s Council,
Orders.-
President &
ye
of W &
Masters
24 [ 1756]
C March
M
wn they leave ye Grammar School,
Yt ye young Gentlemen,
4OResol:
shall be obliged to appear in an academical Dress.
Ibid.,
of
Corner
[
At
a
Ye
of ye
Day Ben:
had
Meeting
President,
Page 55 blank and 56- 57 missing]
54.
page
of W &
President & Masters
of
conferred
A. M.
him
upon
Copy
College*
by
Revd
ye
T.
Dawson
A. M.
to wm he was in publick presented by the Revd W Preston A. M.
A Copy of ye Diploma.
in
M
Franklin Esquire favour' d ye Society with his Company,
Degree
ye
torn -
page
follows,
Latin
part
...
on next page is now missing.
of which,
However it was printed in full before the page disappeared in the
William &
WILLIAM &
MARY
1st
Mary Quarterly,
At
a
COLLEGE
meeting
1st
QUARTERLY,
II
serie,
4 Vol.
Masters
President &
of ye
( 1893- 94)
Vol.
series,
of W &
pages 208- 209.]
II
Coll:
page 208.
( 1893- 94)
M.
Dec:
ye 10th,
1756.
s •
Resol.
yt Tho Holt be ordered immediately to remove ye Fence and level
ye Ditch wch
Trespass. ..
had
he
made
upon
ye
College
Land,
or be prosecuted for
e•
Resol.
yt
Major
R.
Taliaferro'
s
Proposal
be
accepted,
yt he
viz:
will pail in ye College yards for ten shillings currency per pannel,
or cheaper, if any good Work of yt kind is done cheaper by any other
also yt he repair ye President' s House in a proper Manner.
Workman, &
This entry was evidently out of chronological order in the Journal
blank) and
of the
56 - (
Mensis
xx
President
and Masters,
56- 57) missing)
Aprilis
The
.
Anno Domini
date
it
appeared
given
See
1756".
in
on
the
W. &
pages
Diploma
M.
Quar.
54 ( 55
was
II,
"
Die
secundo
208- 9.
The page in the Journals of the President and Masters on which this
entry appeared is now missing.
11111
as
�173- a
VIRGINIA
HISTORICAL
se
Col.
had
lost
Vol.
III, pp.
Rosewell,
of
Page
John
1/ 4- 5
written by himself.]
*
After
the
I
REGISTER,
of
Memoir
I
School
Grammar
of
13 years
was
my father
my tutor Mr. Price,
and Mayy
College [
c.
at William
age,
entered me in
1756?],
when
At
sending me to England, . . .
lodge,
board, & c.,
at the President'
instead
of
College,
as
my father put me to
Dawson .. .
I say at College,
as I lived with the President,
to be my private
and he,
tutor,
my Father had feed handsomely
Thomas
who
finding me far better graduated in Latin than many boys much older
than
myself,
was
proud
first
attention,
to
introduce
his
Dinwiddie,
Governor
pupil
to
the
particular
an old Scotch gentleman,
a patron
of learning,
and secondly,
to
to whose much greeter learning and judgment
Mr.
Professor,
Lmall,
my ever to be beloved
had held me up as
worthy of his attention;-- I had finished my regular course of
in the Philosophy Schools, [
c.
studies,
1761- 63?],
after having
who
fond
of
was
Governor
of appearing
Fauquier,
gone through
Fauquier; .. .
the
Grammar
School,
before
the
death
of
Governor
404
DAWSON
PAPERS -
Photostats
in
William &
Mary College
Archives
from original letters in Library of Congress.
Commissary Thomas Dawson to Lady Gooch]
Wm &
Dear Madam,*[
This
from
is
Your
Jan.
6.
1757.
this
since
I had the Pleasure
of a Line
In my first I gave You an Account of my
the Burying Place,
which still remains
in the--
to
Manner
key kept at
yt Gentleman
Under
Letter,
my 3d
visits
illegible]
and.
C.
Ladyship.. .
several
the
M.
sic]
Mr.
it
has
but the Door is constantly locked,
was,
Smith'
s,
the
solemnly
" My Dear
Lady
House
promised
Geeeh"
has
not
me
in
the
least
again &
been
marked
again
out.
abused;
that
the
s
�174.
least
my
of
ll)
I
kind,
any
will
another)
Things,
which
God
not
I
all
can
be
and
affecting
I
assure
you
at
illegible] .
to
having
my
I
present
it
think
be
wd
Behaviour,
1000
Your
to
occur
be-
and inform you of 1000
Questions,
And
me;
tho'
Gooch,
my Lady
which frequently
there
endear us one to another
and
am
made
to News
has
happened in their family any of those tender melancholy
Scenes,
much
In
as
impertinent,
concerned at their Departure,
sincerely
wished,
had it been consistent
with the Govr
sincerely
had remained
And
Daughter.. .
a
for I hope you will have the Pleasure of seeing
not
thanked,
offered
with
You
say
answer
might
be
never
acquaint
Dinwiddie (
Mrs
cause
one
shall
Indignity
2d ---------
longer
them
amongst
For
us.
to
agreeable
easy &
their
all
Health,
courteous &
their
Yet I
could
have
that they
affable
Acquaintances,
and
particularly
endeared them to those who had the Happiness of their
Regard & Friendship.
As for my Wife she is upon this Occasion
particular
a
greater
William
Fool
crying
ily left
than
a
COLLECTIONS
Sr W.
when
fam-
G. &
RELATING TO THE COLONIAL CHURCH IN AMERICA,
I- Virginia, ( Hartford:
in
Also
was,
Stevens Perry
HISTORICAL
Vol.
Gentleman
certain
the Country.
Official
1870),
of
Records
454- 457
pp.
Robert
Dinwiddie,
II,
Vol.
697)
p.
Letter of Governor Robert Dinwiddie to the Bishop of London]
Williamsburgh,
Sept.
1,: th,
1757
The Visitors of the College and indeed the Country in general have
for many years been greatly dissatisfied with the behaviour of the Professor of Philosophy & the Master of the Grammar School,
not only on
account
of
Intemperance &
laid
Irregularity
to
their
Charge,
but
also
because they had married and contrary to all rule of seats of learning
kept
their
much
confusion
their
wives,
children &
and
disapprobation
they
year
ago
much
at home,
servants
disturbance,
of
removed
their
them
families
into
and negligently
in college which must occasion
and the Visitors having often express' d
remaining in
and since
that
Town
attended
about
college,
a
time. ..
they have lived
their duty in College.
...
they have quite ruined this Seminary of Learning the people declaring
they will not send their
Set
of Professors &
Philadelphia
for
double
the
DAWSON
PAPERS,
children
to the College
many of them have already
Education
Charges
for
which
is 300
Photostats
William &
from
miles
of
that
as
education,
till
there
is a new
sent their children
this,
College
the
Mary College
to
& attended
of
Archives
Wm &
with
Mary.
...
from originals
in Library of Congress.
Thomas Dawson to Lady Gooch]
Wm &
Dear
MID
is my third
but I had
Ladyship;
See
of my
Neglect
previous
1757.
17[--
Ja[--
ms.
torn]
ms.
torn.
177/ 8?]
Madam,
This
the
Coll:
Mary
llth
Page
page
173-
a. -
for
174.
Letter,
much
Duty:
copy
of
since
rather
I
had
offend
the
Pleasure
by being
of
trouble
a
Line
some,
from
than
Your
in
In my first I gave You an Account of my several
approximately
the
same
letter,
dated
Jan. 6,
�175.
Visits
it
to
who
the
is
Door
abused;
least
shall
think
will
it
be
As
have -------[
to
me:
in
their
endear
of
could
and
Governor'
the
in
the
same
Manner
the
House
promised
me
it:
to
not
in
In
my
the
and
again
least
that
again,
second...
I
has
there
be
not,
be
God
to [
able
which
things,
might
ans] wer
not
thanked,
occur
happened
and
which $ equently
affecting Incidents,
the first
Foundation
of our sincere
indeed
yet I assure You I am sincerely concerned at their
heartily wished, had it been consistent with
that they had remained much longer amongst us.
have
Health,
s
will
another,
1000
tender &
those
another,
lasting Friendship;
Departure,
Gooch
Lady
my
any
to
one
seeing one
inform You of
and
tho' ,
Family,
us
indeed
the Key kept at Mr Smiths,
and
offered
of
torn]
Questions,
And
never
remains
a Daughter baptized by the Name of Rebecca,
Your Proxy) and the Governor and his Lady,
or any
to News,
Thing else, I can write at present, I
because Mrs Dinwiddie,
be impertinent,
for I hope you
would
1000
You
it,
solemnly
Indignity
acquainted You with my having
Your Ladyship ( by Mrs Dawson
Sponsors.--
still
locked,
constantly
with
readily favoured me
has
and that Gentleman
always
the
which
Place,
Burying
the
but
was;
For their courteous and affable behaviour made them easy and agreeable
all
to
had
their
the
Wife
has
she
Gentleman
I
now
Whereas
Cam, &
by
the
Mr
the
ing
Visitors &
late
President &
the
you
Tuesday,
not
from
remove
d&
Power
to
call
to
pursuant
that
him
upon
Printed
Family.
William &
Mr
that
order
Gardiner
Dawson] &
the Keys
deliver
d,
certain
And
Mary
Mr
Robinson,
of
the
College,
to
take
13th Day of February 1758.
College
the
answer'
did. . .
Steward, &
if
refus'
a
do immediately remove from the College; &
use all proper Methods for their Removal,
Doors, &
the
Doors of their Appartments...
by directfurnish
to
them
with any Provisions...
We do hereby
Camm
would
55 Ms. (
Governors. . .
February 14th 1758.
...
Day the President [ Thos.
he
as
25- 6)
loose pages.]
p.
This
Mr
his
who
As to my
Occasion,
and
those,
Masters,
Nicolson,
thereof...
Notice
Gooch
W.
to
Friendship.
this
upon
them
Masters
School
James
Sir
Folder
I,
Minutes -
Faculty
Housekeeper
require
due
Vol.
Graham,
shutting
the
PAPERS,
of
of
and
I must give you some Account of my own Family.. .
my Wife,
COLLEGE
Photostat
affected
Departure
Series,
2nd
,
much
as
the
upon
MARY
uarterl
almost
endeared
particularly
Regard
particular
their
mentioned
WILLIIM &
that
of
been
was,
have
and
Acquaintances,
Happiness
he
did
said
the
by
not
of
the
Emmanuel
his
Order
think
Order;
Jones
School &
of
the
demanded
it being
but he
Visitors;
President, &
the
of
Appartments, &
one
Master
had
to the President &
Masters.
Whereupon
Emmanuel
Nicolson,
all
To
Kinds.
all
Day
College,
in
and
having
to
Graham
of
Gardener, &
remove,
Mr
Mrs
take
&
being
also
Davenport,
Clayton,
away
from
d
call'
Writing
in,
Housekeeper...
the
the
Master,
College,
President,
Mr
required. . .
all
their
Effects
' .. .
which
This
oc Mr
in Presence
Steward &
forthwith
them]
of
Robinson,
Mr
Jones,
the
Mr Robinson, &
President
Obedience
sent
for
to
Mr
of
the
Mr Graham answer' d as yesterday...
the
College, &
Emmanuel
Order
of
the
Visitors
Robinson, &
Mr
Graham, (
Mr
Jones . ..
of
Cann
the
7th
being
met
in
Instant,
absent)
the
�176.
demanded
of
of
Keys
do:
to
they
Schools, &
The President
Papers
belonging
March
of
that
them
their
1758
23,
the
them:
to
these
Mr
Upon
to
sent
refused,
than
of Mr Graham
he
also
Mr
d
refus' d
Seal, &
to
deliver...
and desired
the
Keys
and
himself
Refusal,
PAPERS -
refus'
Robinson,
the
President
ordered
put upon the Doors of the
and two new Locks upon the Wicket Doors.
DAWSON
the
in order to put Mr Owen in possession
said,
that no Body had a better Right
be
to
deliver up the
which they absolutely
which
Apartments,
s
Robinson
which
College,
College, &
the
demanded
President
Master'
Chambers
Padlocks
likewise
the
The
Grammar
of
to
from
remove
Appartments,
Photostats
William &
Hasps
several
with
Staples &
Schools,
Apartments &
Mary College Archives from originals
in Library of Congress.
Robert
Dinwiddie
to
Thomas
Dawson.]
London 14th March 1758
Sirwill
This
five
weeks
Place
wch
inform
I
Shall
of
you
Arrival
safe
our
at Portsmouth,
I am by my Physician recommended
passage...
Set
in
out
Two
days -
after
a
to go to Bath for
On my Arrival
here
I found
Francis
Fourier Esgr Appointed to Succeed me in the Govmt he is a Gentlmn of good
Sense &
Interest
good
a
Govr
here & hope
wch
will
he
me
give
perity & happiness to Virginia.
As
to
Affair
the Colledge
be
will
much
Agreeable
the
to
the
As I always
pleasure
Bishop [
of
people &
make
Shall wish pros-
Londonj &
Doctor
Nichols
are of Opinion you have not properly Exerted your Authority over the
Professors
Visitors,
them,
for
of
the
Grammar
Doctr
Gramr
Bishop &
been
so
their Authority
School
Nichols,
School -
Doctr
have
they
as
by disputing
the
friend
however
Master
is
refractory &
unmannerly
Agree to a thorough
already
and
gone,
I
to
the
Change of
find
he
is
a
and he thinks he will prove a very good Master
Mr Owens had been Strongly recommended
Nichols.. .
as
you
have
will
all New
to the
Professors,
pray do
not Let your good Nature allow them too much familiarity but keep them
to
their
of
the
duties,
41ILLIAM &
The
24,
burg
A
MARY
STATUTES
first
1727. (
Mary
THE
COLLEGE
of
See
141-
pp.
by
the
William
edition
Quarterly,
was
1st
145
OF
Parks.
printed
Series,
these
(
in
Send
of
their
Series,
AND
the
pp.
They
o
it
pp.
241-
VIRGINIA,
was
were
1758 -
56.
for-
239- 256.
dated
PRINTED
at
printed
has a copy of this
in
as
that of the Professors. ..
XVI,
IN
College
notes) .
XVI,
Vol.
MARY
The College
Williamsburg
Vol.
Children_
Conduct &
your
WILLIAM
statutes
of
to
on
1st
QUARTERLY,
edition
1736
in
second
OF
depend
Greatly
COLLEGE
Gentn
the
engage
must
this
merly, &
THE
and hope this thorow change will retrieve the Character
Colledge, &
for
IN 1758.*
London,
June
in Williams-
edition) .
text see
William
�A
Hepburn Files ( Boston)
Perry,
Shaw &
Box:
Historical
"
Wren
Data -
through Inter-Office,
Bldg.
W. H. C. "
Folder:
M.
"
Hist.
Goodwin
F.
Data notes,
Wren
Bldg.;
Folder # 2"
n. d.
I.
The
College
Minute
fallowing
-
W&
Book
of
College
account
is
in
also
1721- 1815 (
President and Masters
the
M
mentioned
papers
on
the
last
page.
X;
:
LXX
Unarranged) 1
M Papers
of W &
the
in account
with Jos.
JJ
Cocke.
May 1758
To
292
feet
planck,
flooring, hanging
the
soils
doors
7
of
the
sash
doors &
oulleys
sashes,
2 doors, &
517 & O ?yards
&
hanging
sash
pictures &
line.
labor.
hanging & putting the Architraves
To fixing
To mending
to the inner
sashes.
i
1
I
I
I
1
I
�177.
Some
411/
slight
in
changes
the following
of
statutes
regulations
1727
were ordered
in 1758
made
edition,
to
which
to be added immediately after the
statutes:]
I.
THAT
all
the
Masters
resident
at
the
College
do
attend
their
Schools
Day by Day ( the usual Holidays and Vacation Times excepted.)
And that the Divinity Professor do reside in the College.
II.
That the President and Masters be directed to keep up a strict
Discipline among the Scholars.
respective
III.
That no Repairs
Masters,
and
Warrant
be made without
to
Bursar
the
the Consent
of
the President
for
Charge
defraying the
any Invoices made . out without the like Consent.
That
and
each of the Masters,
Usher,
IV.
do provide
for
a
Chambers,
their
their
at
Expence.
own
and
thereof;
Nor
Firing and Candles
That they respectively pay
Fifty
Shillings
That
the Masters and Scholars keeping waiting Boys pay Five Pounds per
Annum
for
provide
their
Washing,
if they wash in the College.
Board.
if the Masters
future,
them at their
VI.
of
their
That for the
V.
for
per Annum
own
desire
hot
Suppers,
they shall
Expence.
That the President and Masters take Care to provide proper Quantities
and Corn,
at such Seasons when they may be purchased upon the
Wheat
easiest
Terms,
and that only one Sort of Bread be used
for the Masters and
Scholars.
VII.
That
of
one
the
Boys at Breakfast and
Rev.
THROUGH
AND
1760. (
and
this
has
foundation
is
to
He
has
by
for
1775)
be always
present with the
handsome
a
of
of
the
about
80
the
IN NORTH- AMERICA.
IN THE YEARS 1759
[ 1759]
and
whole,
house
to
Indian
the
30
answered
means
president
a
SETTLEMENTS
p.
of William and Mary is the only public place of education,
no
superintend
professor
0.
Usher,
Supper.
THE MIDDLE
London:
the college
of
the
or
Andrew Eurna. by
TRAVELS
Each
Masters,
of
design
its
institution.
It
has
and
in,
has
school
has
200
1.
The
per annum.
sterling
and a house also. ..
sterling,
apartments
in the college,
and a salary
60 1.
0
DAWSON
PAPERS -
in Library
Thomas
Photostats
William &
Mary College Archives
from originals
of Congress.
Dawson
to
per Mr Hanbury.]
Wm &
Coll:
Mary
Feb:
6.
1760.
Gentlemen,
In
my
Account
of
Goods
by
Necks
you
have
sent
4110
They
have
been
since
raised,
a
The business of the president
professors.
and to read four theological lectures annually.
live
professors [ five]
1. per annum:'*
the
six
I
believe,
to
100
1. "
2.
Accounts
from
�178.
Ogilvie
neither
articles
Sugar.
of
1
of
blk
Ps
lb
viz,
or
convenient
of
single
Peter 6
Blue -
Pepper. -
2
Good
1.
to
JOURNAL
OF
THE MEETINGS
OF
L1729- 1784],
Hatt
a
of
Meeting
Resol:
the
Irons, &
VIZ -
Cloves,
for
of Hyson
Cinamon -
Mace, &
myself.-
6.
Boys
Hatts,
THE
P.
4-
oz-
viz.
each -
from
5.
PRESIDENT &
MASTERS
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY
99
March
At
Box
torn]
ms.
COLLEGE
lb
of Mustard -
of Nutmegs -
lb
Oznabrigs.
2.
150 lb dble refined
Tea.
8 lb of Congo
Starch 12 lb of Hair Powder 2.
Gallons of Fine Oyl. 6 lb
8
Poland
of
Mill,
but last year was
I desire you will send me the following
Sugar.
lb
Bottles
Coffee
a
15- March- 1755, . . .
Opportunity:
refined
12
Pan,
dated
shipped...
ever
Salt
lb
Warming
a
to £ 1- 15- 2-- is
first
the
by
Fig
of
Years
amounting
sent for,
150
12
Tea. -
4 lb
of which,
one
erj
Heat[
President,
31st,
1761-
Masters
and
of
William &
Mary College,
that a Nurse be provided to attend on the sick Boys.
Resol:
that an Undertaker
be agreed with to build a Stable on the Colleg
Lot in Wmsburg for the Use of the President.
COLLEGE
OF
WILLIAM &
Thos
MARY -
Bursar'
Jefferson
s
Book
1761- 1762.
iris.
Dr
1761 -
March
25th
To
the
one
Year---
1762 -
March
25
To
Do
for
Do
one
Year---
April
25th
To
Do
for
Do
one
Month --
Table
for
board &
c
13.-.13.-.1. 1. 8
27. 1. 8
Contra
Cr
1762
June
10th
N. B.
By
abt
IBID.,
1754-
1769,
Cash
12.-
Mr Jefferson
p.
tells
me he left
the
27. 1 . 8
College
25th April
12
1761 ...
Contra
June ...
22c1
By
Do [
cash]
pd
Jno
Wooding
for
making
a
Silver
Spoon ---
7
6
�179.
THE MEETINGS
OF
JOURNAL
1729-
COLLEGE--- .
1784j,
OF
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY
101- 103
pp.
C
MASTERS
PRESIDENT &
THE
June 26th 1761.
At
of
Meeting
a
Masters
President, &
the
of
that Mr John Saunders
be appointed
of
Resol:
Lot
William &
President
the
ing
on
a
Vizt
Dimensions
to build a Stable for the Use
to
belonging
Thirty-
two
Mary College,
Feet
of
College,
the
long, &
the
follow-
twenty- Feet wide,
wth a Partition taking off 12 Feet at one End for a Carriage, &
at the other a Door leading into four Stalls
he be allow' d the Sum of 165 for the same.
on
each
Side, &
that
that the Feathers which are laying waste in the College be dispos' d
and that the Money arising be applied towards furnishing an
Resol:
off,
Infirmary.
that
Resol:
IBID.,
Emmanuel
Jones
be
appointed
pp 103- 4
410
of
Meeting
a
in
JONES
Place
the
of
William &
Mary College.
of Mrs
Martha.
who
Bryan,
has
resign' d.
PAPERS.
Division,
Letter
Dear
President, & Masters
the
That Mrs Isabella Cooke be appointed Housekeeper of the College,
Resol:
Mss.
1761.
31st,
August
At
Librarian.
Library
from
Walter
of Congress
Jones
his
to
brother)
Jan.
7,
1762j
Bro.
I Proceeded abt 6 oclock to the college where I found my task to be a
Latin
2
Theme
sides
of
paper
length.
in
A
sett
of
12
hexameter &
pentameter
verses and 40 Lines to get in Juvenal by heart wh ye rest of my class did
with
I
gt.
difficulty
tho'
they had Saturday
and Sunday more to do it in than
...
W.
of
ITINERARIES
Wmsbg.,
Ezra
Stiles.
Mss.
Yale
Jones.
University Library. [
Photostat
Col.
Inc.]
ITINERARY.
411
M4y 31:
1762
John Whiting of Newport Esgr just returned from No Carolina by Land ...
He
also
told
me
that
he
was
at
Williamsburg &
visited
William
&
Mary
A
�180.
College,
seventy
red Degress.
Candles
for
College
Student
each
Tuition:
student
p[
Funds. -
him
sold Aet.
but £ 13.
that
it
of which
the
15
paid
but
Ann.
er]
Yate4
few about
Boys &
chiefly
That
Washing &
each
Mr
President
the
where
five,
of
Students
wes
and that they seldom conferer]
p[
cost
really
all
Number
the
College
13 was
above £
for Board Wood
ann.
supplied
That there were six Masters or professors
about £ 20
out of
besides
the
the pres-
ident.
JONES
Mss.
PAPERS -
Mss.
Division Letter
Library
from
Walter
of Congress
Jones
to
his
brother]
62.
July 31 - '
Dear
Bro:
I am sorry to acquaint
I
since
fr.
but
left
you;
wh.
of
saw
money
want
indeed
you that I have made no progress in Mathematics
has not proceeded fr. any negligence of mine
pay Mr.
to
Small'
s
entrance
fee. ..
Out of ye money
to
buy Buckles, & c. ye other day I laid out 30/ in Ainsworth' s
Dictionary, & as I shall want it again upon arrival of Craig' s fresh assortwh.
is daily expected,
ment,
I have desired
my Bro.
Billy to send me that
me
sum
was
chg to my acct.
till Xmas
but ye
black Buckles,
reduced
had
better
for
as
out,
have
my
new
soon
as
an
I
already ( tho'
requisite)
really
shirts
Most
of
that
so
to
sufficient
set
a
worn
Yr.
please
thought
gloves, &
ye Coll.-
my
wh.
also,
both
I
am
clothes &
oppor.
ye
be
have
Ye
40
half
been
H.
R.
pt is almost
These
immediately.
to
out
repeat
shirts
[
report?]
before
that
at
OF
THE
of
I got to
possible & more than
consumed.
. ..
I think all
remaining
put
by ye time
mon.
we
ye
tifhe...
as
6 I have
Governors,
Pray
here are
I
sh' d
almost
choose
to
send my 2d mourning
as
offers...
Affectionate
Mcllwaine,
ye
you gave me in Han.
a pr.
of my journey,
frugal
as
Bro.
Walter
JOURNALS
s.
expense
Jones
ed.
HOUSE
OF
BURGESSES
OF
VIRGIi',IA,
1761- 1765,
the
Wednesday,
151
p.
15th
of December. . .
SOe
Resolved,
out
That
of
the
Sum
of £
450 Sterling be paid by the Treasurer of this
publick Money in his Hands,
to the Governours and Visitors
of William
and Mary College,
to be applied by them towards purchasing
a proper Apparatus for the Instruction of the Students of the said College
Colony,
the
in Natural and Experimental Philosophy.
Note:
p.
Council
1547 166
agreed
to
Legislative
above
resolution
Journal
of
on
Council,
Dec.
Vol.
17,
1762.
III,
p.
See
1294]
JHB,
1762.
�181.
THE
MEMOIRS
Indians
OF LIEUT.
to
England
HENRY
TIMBERLAKE, (
the Year
in
1762.)
Who accompanied the Three
London:
1765),
p. 112
(
Cherokee
1762]
few
A
days
myself
and
he
to
shewed
have
with
it
till
he
at
to
first
accompany
him
JOURNAL
then
to
depart
on
for
their
own
Mr.
country,
Chief of the Cherokee Indians]
College,
amongst other curiosities,
where,
The chief viewed it a
present Majesty.
attention;
then turning to me, " Long,"
said he,
this is his resemblance,
but I am
King my father;
I
desired,
am
now
the
near
and never
sea,
will
depart
from
He asked the Governor next day who thot
insisting
had
I
as
England:
1729- 1784,
the
my desire."
Ostenacots
OF THE MEETINGS
COLLEGE
at
himself;
obtained
refused
He
to
were
of his
picture
see
I have
consent.
him
with
particular
to see the
I wished
determined
they
Ostenaco [ Oconostoto?
sup
the
him
time
long
before
invited
Horrocks
been
strongly upon it, gave his
him so long, that I might
so
with
this I was to do at my own expence. . .
OF THE
PRESIDENT
AND MASTERS
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY
109- 111.
p.
Directions to the Housekeeper]
February 9th 1763.
Madam:
1st
That You never concern Yourself with any of the Boys only when
you hage
Complaint
a
against
of
any
them,
and then
that
and
You make
Meat
it
to his,
or their proper Master.
That
2dly
twice
in
the
Puddings
Pies
or
Breakfast,
be
there
Week,
beside; -
Dinner,
and
but
sick,
are
it
fresh
be
You
clean,
of
Care
The
that
Meat
them,
general
whole
Colony
there
Yourself
decent,
be
at
that
see
and
their
fit for
Plenty
always
in
up
the
Table
be
the
Society
shew
the
the
for
cleanest,
not
and
Dinner;
that there be either
of Victuals; that
only
Victuals
them; -
Necessity
Sort:
same
hashtd
often
with them,
constantly
of the Visitors,
with the above Directions.
1111
each
it
Complaints
plainly
be
servtd
Reason
salt
in particular,
and neatest
allow,
but
desire
the Boys Suppers be not as usual made up of different
be
enough,
there
be
this
fresh,
Sunday
on
that
and for
possible;
You to get a Cook; that
cold
as
Supper,
Manner
Scraps,
both
always
well
as
for
before
that
the
it
and when
them; be
is
that when they
carrytd
Person
there
to
appointed
them;
to
that
take
and give their Medicines regularly.
and
of
a
other Gentlemen throughout
the
strict, and regular Compliance
�1S1
That Phoebe Dwit be kept intirely to her proper Office of
idly
none
are
sick, to making the Negroe' s Clothes,
and other Apartments kept thoroughly clean;
that
Times a Day; or three
them all two,
and when
attending the sick,
and seeing the Dormitories,
and
that
she
she
have
Nothing
any
round
to
more.
That
4thly
the
goes
to
a
do
Keys,
the
with
Stocking-
proper
be
Mender
and
Dinners,
Breakfasts,
to
d
procur'
live
Suppers
in,
or
near
College.. .
That
5thly
agreed
to
with
for
be
Negroes
the
supply
trusted
in
with
no
College
regularly,
it be good;
to any other provided
Time,
that the Boys may
preferable
out
the
that
Keys; -
a
Butcher
be
and that his Meat be taken
that
not be forced
fresh
Butter
to eat salt
be
look' d
in Summer.
As we all know that Negroes will not perform their Duties
6thly
without the Mistress' s constant Eye especially in so large a Family as
the
and as we all observe You going a broad more frequently
College,
than
the
even
it
request
of
Mistress
of You,
a private
Your Visits
that
can
Family
for
the
do. . .
future
We particularly
in
Town,
or Country
map- not be so frequent. ..
House- Keeper
The
Tea &
to
for
Sugar
used
be
for
for
sick-...
the
Common- Tables,
at Your
is
the
the
for
and with
d with Wood and Candles,
that the rest of the Tea and. Sugar is
supply'
that the Wine is intended wholely and solely
Currants & c are only to be us' d at the
Sick; -
that
or
be
ONLY;
Plumbs,
the
sick; -
that
rich
Cakes,
Preserves &
c must
be
that if any Master should chance to miss attending
or Common- Room he may send for what Victuals he pleases that
own
Hall,
the
to
is
Breakfast
Expence; -
left. . .
IBID.,
p.
115
July 23d 1763 At
a
Meeting
of
the
President & Masters
of William &
Mary College, ---
Resol,
That the Majority of this Society are of Opinion that Mrs Isabella
Cooke
of Housekeeper,
not only in
of this Society dated February 7th
but
likewise in other Respects;
therefore they think proper to
her to finish her Year,
and to provide herself with some other Place.
has
behaved much
1763,
desire
amiss
of the unanimous
Contempt -
in
her
Office
Resolves
Resol,
That
capable
to
of
an Advertisement
the
be inserted
Housekeeper'
managing
the President & Masters.
s
in the
Business
Gazette
in the
to desire
College,
a Man
to apply
�182.
S
BURSAR'
BOOK,
Ledger
B,
1763- 1770
411/
Table
The
Dr
Fol.
1763. ..
Aug 13th
To
do, [
cash]
paid Signe
29
To
IBID.,
p.
candles. ..
for
Expenses,
wood
9
03
03
26 110
19
06
1
27
Christopher
Robinson
Contra
Dr
1764
Fol.
May- 3d
By the Table
for his accot
April
13th
IBID.,
of wood
S
£
D
to
last
32
100
09 00
£
S
32
p.
The
110
D.
Parish
for
Nov
S.
£
Table
Drs
Fol.
D
1764
Septr
8-
To
IBID.,
p.
32
do [ cash]
pd
Ch'
s
Narsworthy
The
Table
for
his
for
candles
Drs
31
Fol.
5
£
11
10
S
D
05
00
1764
March
To
Chr
Robinson
Esgr
OF
THE
MEETINGS
OF
1729- 1784],
121
24 -
JOURNAL
pp.
THE
acct.
PRESIDENT &
8th.
November
At
a
Meeting
Resol,
c
p.
37]
the
President &
Masters
of
MASTERS
27
151
OF WILLIAM &
GLARY
COLLEGE
1764.
William &
Mary College,
That the Estate of the Revd Mr Yates be repaid for the Buildings
to
BURSAR'
of
of wood
S
in
the
BOOK,
the
Use
Presidents'
of
Ledger
the
B,
Yard, &
that
the
Jan.
19,
said
College.
1763- 1770
John
[
Blair
Esyr -
1765]
Buildings & c
be applied
�183.
Dr
1765
Cash,
To
19 --
Jan
of
IBID.,
26 &
p.
pd him on accot
his
Fol
S
D
02
£
06
of the hire
Carpenter
8
39
39
Household
Expences
Drs
Fol.
1765 2d -
February
To -
do, [
boards
6th -
cash]
pd Mrs Yates
To do pd Miss
39
Saunders
MARY
INVOICE
of
Sundry
Goods
President &
Masters
1
11/
a.
Chest
of
Shipt
board
on
William &
Cord &
09
260
the
4
Cording &
Ms.
Fauquier. . .
on
Acct &
risque
Sand
Haberdy
Pewter
Watts &
Co
Cutlery
Richard
Weal
Hose
John
Yerbury
Saml
Freeman
10:
Rickards
Collinson
Sheeting
John
John
Mount &
8:
14: 3:
10: 7: -
Co
Nathl
3: _
1:
Miers
Books - •-
1:
Elgar
Tinware
6
14:
c
P.
c
06
Mary Colledge...
Hatts
Scales &
11
for wheel- wright' s work
Folder
PAPERS.
COLLEGE
14
3
39
WILLIPM &
D
for
carting
pales &
S
£
Tidd
3:
19:
1
3: 19: -
2
a
Bundle -
3
a
Box - -
4
a
Bale - -
Wollen - - -
Frans
5
6
a
Cask - -
Cheese - - -
John
a
Cask ) _
Grocery - -
Rawlinson &
Co
14:
Collinson &
Co
17:
Turnery - Earthware - -
9 a Box )
10
a
Cask
11
a
) - -
a
Bale - - -
1:
Thompson
Ellington
24:
2:
Fry
Bundle)
12
John
Ironware
Ozenbriggs
Langkopf &
Co
14: 15: 6
13: 6
3: 11: 10
21:
16:
1
14:
7:
4
119:
7:
1
13 a Box
14 a
Cask
15 a Kegg
16 -
18
Basketts )
19 -
22
Bundles
Painters
Cullers &
c - -
Willm
Rowlatt - -
)
London. . .
4th
1765
C&
0
Hanbury
of The
�183- a.
DAY
MS.
Jan.
KEPT AT PRINTING
1766
BOOK
Original
at
University
of
FERRUARY
Joseph
Royle]
1764.
WILLIAMSBURG,
0.
OFFICE [
Jan.
1764 -
Virginia
Library.
Photostat
Research
CWI.]
Dept.,
4
Feb.
64.
8,
1764]
William
...
P[
Small
Self
er]
Stewarts
Emmerson'
17,
Feb.
Tracts
s
15: -
Fluctions
15: -
[£]
1: 10: -
1764]
GAZETTE
96.
William &
Advt
27,
April
288.
for
1764]
William &
March
14,
14,
...
1764]
April
11,
s
P[
er]
Mr
Landon
[
Graham
Carter'
s]
Pamphlet
. .
-:
Camm,
To
G.
0. [
A.
General Accounts- Office]
Printing & binds 500 Copies
of The Colo
20:
Reconnoitred
September
Revd
1764]
19,
Thomas
1
September
240.
Quire
P[
Son
er]
Paper
6
1:
1764] .
19,
Walter
-
..
Dawson
College
Jones,
1 Memorandum
1 Morocco
411.
6
2:
1764]*
John
Revd
4: -
gilt
...
Camm
2 L. C. '
7.
10: -
Mary College
binding] Charter,
John
Revd
7: -
...
1764]
William &
March
Usher - - -
Continued
Do [
7.
a
Mary College
Advt
96.
Mary College
P[
Self
er]
1: -
Book
Prayer
6:
3
1:
3
Book
6
October
295.
Patterson
1
The
at
Rev.
the
1764] ...
25,
John
College
Interleaved
John
P[
er]
Self
Almanack
Camm ( b. 1718- d. 1778)
College
the
College
for
was
removed
in
of William
and
twenty- eight
1777 being
Mary,
years.
a
Tory.
was appointed
in
He
1749,
became
MG.
professor
of Divinity
and was associated with
President
in
1771,
but
�183- b.
IBID.
October
238.
25,
1764]
Thomas
...
P[
Robinson
Brother
er]
Schrevelius
Hutchensons
November
295.
John
John
at
College
Lexicon
Xenophon
16,
1764]
. ..
Dialogues
er]
Self
3 Vols
Letters
2
College
Patterson,
Hervey'
s
Do
P[
Brown'
s
1•
1
5: 7:
6
2:
6
1:
Gamester
Complete
6
12:
Vols
4 Vols
Works
-
15: -
Vols
2
Meditations
Do
Tom
15: 15: -
6
4:
064
November
296.
John
19,
1/
4
John
C.
February
John
22,
May 4,
Per
Self
Paper
1765]
...
P[
College
Robinson,
1765]
John
Self
...
1 Quire
296.
er]
Quills
Robinson ( College)
1 Quire
296.
P[
College)
best
1765]
January 31,
296.
1764]
Robinson (
small
Post
Self
er]
2/ &
1/ 4
Qr gilt
Paper
1/ 3 . . -:
. .•
College)
Robinson (
P[
er]
Self
Euclid . . . .
Cunts
13: -
064
November
296.
John
6,
1765]
.•.
P[
College
Robinson,
er]
Self
10: -
Xenophon
the
Pompey
6:
Little
Chrysal
Epistles
for
1.
4 Vols
September
10,
Revd
John
the
Ladies
2 Vols
3
5: 12:
6
1764]
P[
Camm
Stith'
er]
History
s
Self
of
10: -
Virginia
666
October
290.
Revd
13,
1764] ...
John
Camm
Swifts
P[
er]
Self
4 last Years
of
Queen
Anne . . . .
-:
12:
6
7:
6
660
October
290.
Revd
30,
1764]
John
.
Camm
3 Colonel
P[
1 Quire
gilt
1
4to
Quire
er]
Self
Dismounted
Paper . .
Post
4: 3:
9
3:
3
�1S3- c.
IBID.
November
290.
24,
Revd
1764]
John
1
Horrock'
April
5,
Note
er]
Sermons
1:
Dutch
2:
Pens
3
6
-:
3:
9
1765]
John
Revd
r
P[
s
best
1/ 4 C.
290.
---
Camm
Binding
for Additions to printg. and
Camm,
500
Copies
of
the
Col
Reconnoitred
3: -: -
January 16, 1766] ...
Revd John Camm
324.
Printing and Binding 300 Copies Critical
Remarks (
Additional
in
October
orders
1765]
Revd James Horrocks
18: -: -
last)
filled
for
Revd.
John Camm throughout day book.]
January 30,
266.
1
Quire
4to
1
Stick
best
1 Box
Wafers
Post
P[
Note
er]
Paper
sealing
Wax
3:
1:
9
3
1:
3
-:
6:
3
�184.
WIf T
TAM &
MARY
Folder
of
Letter
COLLEGE
12.
Ms.
Stephen
Vol.
History,
Dear
XVI,
his
to
Hawtrey
at William &
professorship
of
PAPERS
brother
Edward
Hawtrey,
concerning
a
Part of it printed In Virginia Magazine
Mary.
209.]
p.
Ned,
Since
left
you
endeavour
to
find
called
me
a
on
few
I
London,
out Mr
Small
days
called
but
since,
&
at
the
learn
could
Virginia
Coffee
Tidings
no
gave me what particulars
of
house
him. ..
to
he
he knew relating
to the College...
As well as I can remember his Account is this. . .
You
have
the
College -
equal in goodness to any in
will salute your Eyes on your Entrance with
bare plaister
Walls however Mr Small assures me they are what the rest
of the Professors
have & are very well satisfied with the homeliness
of
at first
their
appearance
tho'
rther
disgusting - he thinks you will not
chuse to lay out any money on them.
there,
all except bedding & blankets,
which
You may buy Furniture
two
you must
says
by
rooms -
no
Chairs &
carry over consists
Furniture
of
his
elegant
means
tho'
unfurnished - &
Tables
rather
6 Chairs
Cheaper
Table,
a
than
Grate
England -
in
he
Bedstead &
bed &
that is as much as you' ll want your Dinner & supper is found you, &
he thinks
boys is paid regularly,
you may very easily save
Your Clothing in summer must
they wear no Gowns for
possible
than
in
heat
the
England -
is
beyond
if your money from the
the 150 li every year be
the
conception -
your
as
thin & light
Winter
is
as
se-verer
your Cloth suit unlined may do for the Month of May,
but after that time you must wear the thinnest Stuffs that can be made
lining
Some people he says wear brown holland Coats with lining -
without
II
some
large
to
Crape -
and
wear
have
You must carry with you a Stock of Linnen Waistcoats made very
loose. ..
He says you must have one Suit of handsome full dressed Silk Cloaths
on
the
King' s birthday at the Governor' s, the only time you will
to
occasion
appear
fine
in
the
ing apparel you may dress as you
may wear the same Coat 3 years. ..
Brick
Court
A FRENCH
of
aipril
these
very
THE
COLONIES,
this
fine
1765.
set
out
for
Early
BOOK,
the
Church. ..
Ledger
B,
1763- 1770,
43
p.
Manor
of
Brafferton
Fol.
Current Money
1765 -
S
19th -
12 miles
To
Mr
Distn.
building [ the Capitolj at the further End of the street
which mikes a grand apearance.
halfway betwixt
The
May -
williamsburg,
Colege,
is
you
Wmsbg.
25th [ 1765].
to
Builds.
BURSAR' S
IN
Wear-
1765
Col.
mss.
the
oposite
a
March
TRAVELLER
Photostat
Is
26th
year... As to the rest of your
for the fashions don' t change &
whole
please
Eml
his accot
Jones,
of wood
D
for
for Indians
15
6
12
00
Dr
�185.
IBID.,
39
32,
p.
The Table
Contra
Cr
Fol.
£
S
D
01
001/ 2
S
D
1765
June
IBID.,
do [ cash]
To
14 -
for
Majr Travis
pd
20
39
candles
26
p.
Drs
Fol.
1765
do [ cash]
17- To
July
pd Mrs Yates' s accot
bricks &
Lord
Adam
King'
1
06
12
No.
Transcript
INDIES,
1764- 1765
54b- 61- British Museum
IN THE WEST
OFFICER
AN
Mss.
s
46
work
Gordon
OF
JOURNAL
£
of
ff.
213,
Library of Congress)
After you cross James River the land mends,
and is good all the way to
Williarnsburgh. . here is a very handsome State house. . a very large & handsome
College a foundation
of Mr Boyli' s for the education
probably Eighty Students
of
Six
Indian
boys.
One
Harroxf[
Mr
is
sic]
President &
there
are
two
other
Masters.
JOURNAL
111111
THE MEETINGS
OF
1729- 1784
p.
OF THE
PRESIDENT &
MASTERS
March
RESOL:
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY
COLLEGE
123- 4.
llth
1766
...
that the Scholars boarding in the College be order' d to attend in the
at 9 ° Clock, &
every Evening,
that the Roll be regularly call' d over
Common- Room
before
be
the
absent
President,
without
one
Leave
of
he
the
will
Masters,
incur
a
or
Usher;
an
and
if
Animadversion &
severe
any
Boy should
Punishment.
3d May
RESOL:
that the Ushers
Breakfast,
RBBOL:
be orler' d to attend
Dinner & Supper,
the
unless
the Hall their
President,
or one
respective
Weeks
of the Masters
at
be them .
that the Ushers be likewise directed to attend the Church and Chapel
regularly,
and that they visit the Rooms
Times a Week after 9 oClock at Night,
of the Young- Gentlemen at least three
and make a Report the next Morning to the
President if any of them are absent or committing any Irregularities.
WILLIAM &
MARY
COLLEGE
Dr William &
PAPERS.
Folder
Colledge
Mary
Ms.
259
in
Accot
wth
chapel &
Osgood
Hanbury -
1766
April
9.
By
By
By
By
amount
of
old
Brass
40
do
Old
Copper
281i
do
Old
Pewter
1J2
do
Chamber
Potts
li
a
8d per
lOd per li
7d per li
li Wt
Wt
a
a
261i
a
5d
per
li- - - - £
1.
6.
8
1.
3.
4
4.
2.
10
10.
10
li
7.
London. ..
31st July 1768
C&
0
Hanbury
3.
8
Cr
�186.
JOURNAL
OF
MEETINGS
THE
1727- 1784],
OF
MASTERS
PRESIDENTS &
THE
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY
COLLEGE
125.
p.
26th [ 1766]
July
Mann Page Senr being convinced of his indecent Behaviour the 22d Instant,
this
Day
before
Dr.
by
Ms.
WILLIAM &
G.
Lyon
1766.
Ms
torn.
224 ( 38 pieces
1766- 1767.
Dr
ge
a
Well
Wheel
at
to
furnished
17
To
puting
To
a
To
Making
To
a
of
foot
Negroe
a
frame
a
2
a
to
Jno
Prests -&
To
putting
14 foot
To
25
To
puting
To
18
2
long
Spurrs
1/ 2d - - -
2
3 - 6 1/ 2
7- 6
1- 3
for
Brick
layers
making
2 --
a )
12 [
Umbrellows
of
Scantling
of
Plank
ms.
for
foot
Do -
for
floor
2
a
2- 11
days
Work
8
5/- - 2/ 6
foot
g
2/To
a
To
12
To
mendg
new
a
torn] 3d
featheredge
torn
Ms.
6th
of
Plank
for
of
featherege
2/ 6-
Barn-
10th
Mly
on
Windw &
it
a
of
one
puting
2
on
Palisades
3/-
1. -
Hanging
one of the Hall doors)
5.
I]
Shutter
foot
of
Plank
a
To
hanging
To
puting
To
mendg
To
puting
To
the Cill to
piecing
to it &a lock
Work
hanging
4111hg_
5
for
5. -
a
the
a
for
a
Shed
floor
a[
t]
1
1/ 2 - - - -
0.
2
1/ 2
1. 10
1/ 2
Do
Shutter
Ushers
on
Do
4. 12.
To
on
for
torn]
1 [
a
8. 1. -
To
days
1.
lock
frame &
3
3
3
1.
a
ms.
6
1.
To
Windw
9
6
2.
puting
a
6.
3.
doors
To
t
0 - 4 --
puting pices of Plank round a Well Windless
a Battern'
d door for Meat House Shed
on
4 1/ 2
torn--]
2/'
making a Barr for Do mending a form in great School
Do one of the Masters Chairs in Do
to
6
2 .
To
torn]-
0 - 5-
up
Great
puting
3 locks-
1/ 2
torn
mending)
1/ 3-)
lock -
To
To
ms.
ms.
3-
puting [ ms.
Well Windless- 2/---
To
To
Pales
1- 1/ 4d [
frame &
To
ms.
1
Plank &
puting
Cellar
a
at
Brim
Rnrn-
nding they
1 Umbrellow
a
puting pieces round
Roller for an Umbw puting
feet
torn]
ms.
2 --
-
Plaza
in
3/ 1 1/
torn]
3/ 1- Mending 2 forms in great School
3 locks -
on
at
it
Six
up
4- 0
5 --
Stepps
do &
I.)
)
s
Back
frame &
Umbrellow
for
Black'
W.
Saunders
door
Trussells
cloth
Child
for
Scantling
for
Barr
new
same
College
C.
Photostat
0for
Coffin
a
To
6th
Folder
Accounts,
College
Coll:
To
Ms.. _
in the Common- Room asked Pardon for the
Mss.
MARY.
Tyler.
torn
at
one
To
publickly
President & Masters.
OF
COLLEGE
d&
return'
the
lock -
4.-Garretts
in
Mrs
1/
puting lineinges to 2 Windws & )
Shutters - - - seat
in
lock &
2/
Room
6
School
mendg
a
puting a
Master
Seat
Stable
1.
door &
0.
3
3.
6
Rack
2.
in
2.
School - - - -
puting a Stud
4. -
6
�187.
To
puting
puting
To
To making
1/ 2
To
days
featherege
To
puting a
550 Shingles
2 days
Work
puting
on
To
148
of
2. 2. -
Clossett
12.
1. -
for
Plank
Press
Kitchen &
3 days
To
some
12. -
Oven House
the
mending
2 New - Bedsteads at 10/
To
altering
down
To
8
foot
of
Plank &
To
fixing
up
2
To
2. -
brought
Acco
foot
of
Plank &
To
To
a
To
mending
a
pannel
To
hanging
a
door
To
1/ 2 days
To
To
puting
16 foot
To
a
Step
new
puting
With
Ladder
Back
a
10. 18.
up
ms.
up
Shelf [ ms.
a
2.
2.
Carried
10
2.
Bedstead
Walnut
a
setting up
altering &
Boxes - - -
packing
for Mrs Garrett - - -
Glasses
6
6
6
6
feet to them 2/ 6)
Some
mending
looking
0
4.
fitting
2/ - -
Umbrws -
5
O.
1.
Bedstead &
old
taking
8
18.
1/
To
Octr
26)
4 Plank
for Do at 4/
Work
4 1/ 2
8. -
Shingling
To
Octr
5. -
1- 1/. 0
at
Garretts
featherege
Inch &
3. 3. -
)
1/
lock -
a
puting
Barns
they
at 2/ 3
Repairing
of
foot
foot
Plank
mending
Shelf in Mrs
To
8th
2 Umbrellows &
for
work
To
Sepr
2/
0.
Cloths
of
To
Work
locks
new
lbthemu
48 foot
To
lock
3
on
1/ 2 days
1/
a
on
4 1/ 2
torn-----]
torn
frame )
10. -
finding Nails
Novr
3d
26
To
puting
To
a
Inch
Work
hang
To
Windw
Shutter
5 Rails
large
To
puting
a
lock
1767
To
Making
a
new
Jan
To
puting
3 days
on
To
To
150
1
to
15th
To
15
of
25 foot
To
2 days
2
lock
Kitchen
4. 1.
Scales
ms.
Gutters &
the
Striping
Boiling)
Leaks
1.
Stiles
on
puting
Plank & Mend
for a Stable
a.
door
Work
for
for
To
puting
5. -
a
To
To
350 Nails
To
Making they
Barn
doing
5. 3.[
Several
other
ms.
1.
at 1 1/ 2d
6
8.
9
torn]
things - - -
on 2 locks
puting
70 foot
0
3
a Corn Binn findg, )
old
Do &
4.
3.
)
lock
torn]
Plank
3
torn
Do
hanging
of
5
4. 6
4. 2.
6
2.
6
6
2.
3. Hands
for
To
41110
featherege - - -
School
great
door
ms.
To
for
in
Several
Stop
the
foot
of
of
Stud &
hanging
Desk
pair
Shingles
new
Block
to
a
3
1.
of
Do
6
2.
3 locks
work
Pitch
20
on
puting
Lott fence
Prests
Chopping
Deer
To
4 Plank &
1/
things
Places
mendd Several
to 3 Covers for Pantry
tops
a
1.
1.
mending pales & other
lock Presids
Stable
a
of
puting
of pales
Stairs
Work
on
days
To
up
to
top
of
a
Plank
for
Box
for
in
a
School
new
Corn
lock &
Binn
at
hinges - - 1
1/ 2d - - -
0.
Do
4. -
Binn
10. 17.
To
20
feet
To
1/ 2 days
of
saw'
Work
c
pales
doing
for
several.
garden
things
at
1
1/ 2
0.
Ems.
2.
torn]
6
2. -
A
�188.
Sides
to
Rails
for
To
puting 2 new
26 Pales & 2
To
a
To
To
puting on a lock
1/ 2 day at Coll.
To
36
To
0th
of
foot
To
1030
To
2
at
of
puting
4. Shelves
up
at Prests
in)
1/ 2
To
2
To
mending
Collge [
at
6
1.
3.
1
1.
Cottle?]
at 4/
Do
Repairing
or
0. C.
on
garden
featherege Plank
of
foot
days
of
Work
To
To
12
To
To
puting
26 foot
To
a
in
School &
to
Mend& Do
door
6. -
hang& &
of
for
Plank
1
1/ 2d
3.
5.
Acco
torn
3.
Ms. tcrn] ch
19
Barrs
To
puting
To
piecing a door
1/ 2 day at Do
To
brought
a.
lock
frame
a
House
To [
at
Work
one
of
Coll:
a
162
ting
d
attern'
puting a new
for a door
of
days
Work
2.
2.
pales
Wood
a
at 1- 1/
torn--]
foot
0
Clost &
on
6. 3
4. -
4d
panel
featherege
Mend&
door,
a
Plank & Nails,
hang&)
lock
in
Plank
7 1/ 2
a Necessary)
Do
et
torn--]
Barr
To
To
6
0.
1. -
Mend&
for
ms.
torn]
2.
the)
0.
ms.
Ms
7
Cellar
in
Altering &
To
torn]
Quarters &
them
cross
a
To
days
22. 11.
over
at Prests
6 new pales at Do
60 foot of featherege
To
over
8
lock -
a
on
3
garden
Rakes
1/Nailing 2 pales on garden & put-)
ing on a lock 1/ 6
To 4 new Windw frames for Barn with a Number of)
on
9
on
3 garden
mender Negroe
work
puting
3
1. 1C.
at
pales
Rake
a
5. 3. -
1.
to
Room
7
Nailing
handles
long
for
Store
3
puting)
times
difft
2. -
1.
0.
at
Work - 4/-
days
a
0.
Nails
lock
a
on
3
a)
it
3 lock
on
Plank &
Do
Carried
Ms.
puting
6
1.
Hall - - - -
4for
Seat
new
faceing
puting
1 head
To
0.
In
it
a
off & puting
foot of Plank for
new
Seats
Masters
the
taking
To
of
one
9
2.
Man
a
nailing on garden
of they Round Windws
one
Making
To
4d
1- 1/
pales &
To mending
Back to
a
at
a
at
6
1. 2.
door
1- 1/
2.
1.
3
16. 1. 0 1/ 2
4d
houses
To
May 3d
To
puting
2000
9d
15.
18.
0
25 Bushels
To
torn]
hanging
To
ms.
a
To
To
April
pr Mr Nicolson' s Rect
hanging a door up Stairs
1.
3
To
puting
a
on
door
2
Bricks
on
in
out
4. -
Hall
1.
27/ 6
at
of
Lime
3'
2.
locks
2.
at
9
2. -
2 locks
30. 18. 10
1767
6th May Carr in
James
Recd
the
Above
1/ 2
6
3.
3 pales nailing
36
To
Ms.
-
6.
Sheds
the
2 Hands
To
23d
1.
for
To
7th
3. 9
4. -
Barns
mend
Plank &
days
6
2.
Cases
yard
do
Shingles
1/ 2
Prests
closett
large
a
Febz
Work
days
Stool
close
Acco
in
Nicolson
full
1767 May llth
John
Saunders
�189.
WILLIAM &
of
INVOICE
Folder
Board
on
Wm &
of
Cord
10/
Chest
a
d
Sundry Ship'
President & Masters
1
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
Mary
Cording &
260
ms.
the
Polly...
College...
en
Accot &
risque
of The
13. -
c
008
Watts &
Cutlery
A.
Dupuis
D.
Bowley
Strings - - -
Clock
2
Hhd
a
a
)
6
2
7.
4
10. 17.
8
15.
Co
Bundle
8-
12
Bundles -
14 Boxes
13 15- 16 Jugs )
17 a Cask
)
18
2.
15. 16.
Co
Pottenger &
Ironware -
6
1. 18.
Rawlinson &
Grocery - - -
6 Casks
5 7
2. 17. 10
Co
Pewter
Box
a
20
19 -
Nathanl
Turnery -
Oyl &
)
Tidd
Jos.
c -
6. 11
10.
Coodchild
Hen
Glass - - -
Newick
7. 16.
7
Kegs)
Cask - - -
a
22
Ditto - - -
9. 10
John
Cheese - - -
21
Earthenware -
Fry
4.
Jno
Thompson
1. 12.
London
3
28 Jany 1767
0. Banbury
C. &
411
JOURNAL
OF
MEETINGS
THE
1727- 1784],
OF
May
At
a
of
Meeting
Resol:
That
the
BOOK,
President &
the
22d,
OF
have
Leave
Part
the
College
Ledger
of
B,
of
1763- 1770,
to
p.
Wm &
remolie
his
Stable
to
cash]
pd
Purdie &
the
12
Do
pd
Peter
Dixon,
more
Sundries
also
maker],
[£]
[
S]
[
D]
Spurr
bricklayer
Scott [ cabinet
some
57
Fol]
Do [
to
Land.
Drs
July 28--
MARY COLLEGE. . .
Mary College.
1767
Sepr
WILLIAM &
1767.
Masters
President
convenient
BURSAR' S
MASTERS
PRESIDENTS &
THE
131.
p.
60
for
work
7
03
01
60
0
17
03
�189- a.
WILLIAM NELSON LETTER BOOK 1766- 1775 Ms.
Photostatic
4111
copy
National
Colonial
Park,
Historical
Yorktown,
Va.]
35
p.
from
Letter
William
of
Nelson
Edwd &
to
Yorktown
Semi
Athawes
Esgrs,
London]
Augt
Virginia
12.
1767.
Gentlemen,
I delivered your Compliments to Mr Johnson the Master of the
School;
Grainier
from
Pleasure
in
clever
is
at the Visitors
of Moral
fall
on
Church,
both
his Request
to
as
assigned
School
reading &
him,
he
to be removed
hath
preaching
taken
offence
to the Professorship
of Course part of his Coldness if not Resentment
He hath had the Misfortune to fall violently in
Servt
hble
the
the
refusing
Phylosophy:
yr
of
in
too
so
he would perhaps have received forth more
For you must know that he is remarkably
hand.
Services
the
believe
I
which however
another
Love wth a very pretty Object the youngest of the Miss Moody' s of our
to marry & Settle
to do, & Keep
believe
he
wants
he
hoped
he might
be
to
as
does
require
in an adjacent
permitted
Town, &
does;
have
I
it
not
so
close
an Attendance
as the
lost
the Feelings
School
of the tender
...
Feby,
27th
1768
London]
Norton [
Sir
with
talked
I have
Part
of your
for:
in the mean time
Letter:
& We
Camm
Mr
shall
I shall
abt
the
Globes, &
what
determine
soon
be obliged
show' d him
Sort &
Size
to You for Sending
that
to
send
me the
contained in the inclosed Memo
Mr John
by
Grainer
76
p.
Mr John
Passion.
Virginia
Books
which
but the Visitors want ComplaiancJ`or are so old or so cold as to
IBID.,
Dear
Parish
the professorship he aspired
Smith*
of his
some
suffering
hath spread in
Distemper
College
Youths
carried
rendered
hath
Patients
two
it
or
to
three
to Wmsburgh
himself
blamable &
very
abroad too
go
Parts
two
so
that
the
Country:
Some
of the
soon;
of the
where
unpopular
out
of three
have
died:
but by the Care of the Magistrates it is Stopped.
In
a
letter
that " Our
Hospital
begin
that
Ibid.,
for
his
People
is
to
John
Country
object
page
Mr
Inoculation
Business
free
Norton
man
as
dated
Smith
[
soon
for
as
to his bringing
from
39.]
it;
August
arrived
smallpox]
the
14,
in
at
Weather
Nelson
mentioned
Spirits:
Flat'
grows
the Infection
Wm.
1767,
high
into
s
bath up his
Bay, & proposes to
cooler:
But
a Country
some
or Neighbourhood
if it comes by Chance then let him begin."
�r
L90.
WILLIAM &
COLLEGE
MARY
Papers
Relating
College-
the
SPortion
of
preserved
Small
in
Eason &
a
A
for
A Pendulum
Set
A
of
6 Pound
A
Purchased Ly Dr.
forwards - - -
open
air
£
178
3
6
with
Glasses
breaking
brass
caps
with
Valves
1
Compass
15 15
with
for
on
4 0
with Needles for
Diam.
9 Inches
Dip
the
needle
0
3 13 6
Pump
Quicksilver
Needle
0
2
2
to
A Horizonl
3 0
0 15
Cohesion
swing in Vacuo
Glasses for the Air
Dipping
0
15 0
1 11 6
Expert
Attraction &
of
10
with
10 6
for
Cage
Plates
in
c.
Archives.]
c.
Barometer
Wire
Vacuo &
166- 168.
pp.
Glass
s
Lung'
The
in
Experiment
Fountain
XVI,
1767.*
Brought
The
Vol.
in the College
Aopartus,
Physical
William
Series,
1st
QUARTERLY .. ..
to
a center
the
Pin
Work
for
it
to
0
stand
0
variation
18
0
208 17 6
Brought
208 17 6
over
monichord
a
4
4 0
A machine for the Resistance of the Air according to
The
To
2 12 6
Barometer
1 5 0
Bodies
5 Platonic
Cone
A
0 12
dissected
all
Packing
the
Arcromatic
with
Eye
Tubes
two
a Triple
for
Object
Glass
3 1/ 2
Astronomy & one for Day
15 15 0
Objects
A
best
A
Solar
double
7
microscope & c.
Microscope
The Reflecting
with
mirror
a true
12
A
6 Inch
Inch
of
5 Lenses
2
best
A
Water
A
Set
Two
parallel
Glass
forward - - - - £
different
in
Sorts
of
small
Specula
on
a
Frames
Case
a
to
2 Inch:
shew
number
with
the
Mahogany
Eye
6 Inch:
Plane
of
for taking
Reflexions - - -
0
0
1
Diem.
in
a
the Rings
of colors
Glass &
the Direction
of
a Number
the Rays
of
of Light
2 12 6
Glasses
by Galen
Mary.
article
0
to be us' d
1 11 6
Object
an
shew
to
6 0
1
the
above
0
273
See
5 0
1
Frame
with
Packing
William &
0
0
6
the,. Sun' s Altitude
Glass
Tube
Glasses
Eye
0
0
Glass
Glass for shewing
in
a
Diana.
0
4
Mercury
Par:
An Object
in
Frame
Glasses
Square
Square
Prisms
251 16 6
251 16 6
15
3 10
0
3
2
5
1 11
Mirror
Prism
in
A
flat
a
Mirror - - -
Prisms
3 Parall:
A
Mirror,
Concave
Concave
7 8
5 10 0
Apparatus
Brought
A
0
Dolland
Telescope
focus,
feet
0
0
2
above
Peter
The
3 13 6
Robinson
Mr
Standard
A
W.
Ewing (
1938)
5 0
19 0
on Early Teaching of Science at
�191.
Brought
An
Electrical
0
15
0
8
0
7
6
14
6
0
maker of physical apparatus]
Nairne [
Jarr
5 Glass
over
19
2
A Glass
273
10
Edwd.
Machine
Syphone
A Model in Glass to show the manner of Intermitting &
Glass
Models
2
Glass
Parallal
A
Glass
Jarr,
Axle
0
20
7
0
3
other
Brass
Circular
Balance,
levers &
Pullies & Weights &
2
4
18
8
0
4
16
4
Hydrostatic
Compound &
on
Brass
the
6
0
Plains
for
Weights,
fix
2
of Pumps
2
A
Springs
Reciprocating
Capillary Tubes
17
the
Weights,
Screw,
wheel
Wedges &
ye 6th Mechanic
Power,
all
Pillars
Carriage
A Mahogany inclin' d Plane wth s. Qtxadrt °which ' sets_tb• any
Angle
Dr.
wth
Barker'
An
s
Scale &
to
Instrument
JOURNAL
OF THE
1729- 1784],
Nest
of
weights
164
Troy
oz
Mill
4
Force
the
try
MEETINGS
OF THE
of
Bodies
falling
PRESIDENT &
0
0
3
332
MASTERS
OF WILLIAM &
17
0
4
0
MARY
COLLEGE.. .
132- 133
p.
March 2d 1768.
Resol:.
that an Advertisement
be
Publick that the College
inserted in the Gazette to inform
is now clear of the Small- Pox.
the
March 10th 1768.
RESOL:
that
the
Sum
of £
50 be allow/ 3 to the Corporation
of the City of
Williamsburg to be apply' d towards defraying the Expence of stopping the
Progress
RESOL:
of the Small- Pox.
that
the
Sum
of £ 50
be
also
allow' d Doctr
Jas
Carter
for his
Care
and Attendance
on those infected with the said Disorder at the College.
WILLIAM &
COLLEGE
Invoice
by)
MARY
of
Order
Goods
of
James
Ship'
PAPERS,
d
by
Horrocks
Folder
Capel &
for
260
Ms.
1768]
[
Osgood Hanbury on Beard the Good Intent.. .
Account &
risque
of Wm &
Mary College.
1)
3)
Bundles
Turnery
Nath.
Tidd
7.
8.
6
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
a
Bale
Woolen
Mauduit &
Case
a
a
pewter
Barris Earthenware - - - — Boxes
Glass
Co
23.
1. 11
Watts & Co
8.
4.
Jno
1.
8.
9
3
10.
9.
4
Thompson
Jos:
Goodchild
Co
9)
10)
a
Cask
Cheese
Fry &
11)
a
Bale
Oznabg
Langkopf &
12)
a
Cask
13)
4)
a
Bundle)
a
Cask -
1. 19. 4
Co
21.
7. -
16.
3.
3
15. 18.
8
)
Ironware - - - -
Grocery
Vardon &
Co
Rawlinson &
Co
�192.
15)
16)
Boxes
17)•
)
Bottles)
18)
Paint &
19)
Firkin )
20)
21
Chest
J.
Wm &
Rowlatt
15.
4. 11
a Bottle)
Cord &
c
Cordage &
c.
West
Blanketing
Hanbury Hanbury &
Tin
Jno
Copper
E:-
Linen
0. &
J.
Cutlery
Abrm
dupuis
OF THE MEETINGS
COLLEGE
1768.
At
5.
17 h March
OF THE PRESIDENT
17.
4
4.
Barclay
3.
3
1768
AND MASTERS
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
page 139- 147
1729- 1784.
May 4th
12.--
Taylor
London
JOURNAL
15.--
Miers
F.
0
11.
4.
a
of
Meeting
President
the
and
of Wm &
Masters
Mary
Present,
College,
The
Revd
Mr
Horrocks
E.
Caanm,
Mr
Jones,
Agreeable
College
to
28th
the
on
the
President,
and
Mr
Johnson.
of the Visitors &
Directions
April
last,
President &
the
of
Governors
Masters
of the
Wm &
Mary
said College
this Day presented to the Visitation the following Memorial for the better
Government
We
with
of the College:
President &
the
Directions
the
Considerations
which
shall
proper
of the
of
Wm &
of
Masters
the
Visitors
Mary College
in most
this
for
do ...
Purpose
chearful Compliance
propose to their
the following Articles as Principles for forming a new Statute,
in the most clear & explicit Manner the just and
settle
explain &
of
Authority
said
Visitors,
the
President &
Masters
well
as
Rights,
the
as
from
deduced
as
the
Privileges &
Spirit
Sense &
Powers
of the Charter.
In the first Instance we make a strong Objection to the very Definition of
of the President & Masters as it is stil' d by the Visitors a Delegated
If it implies, ( as we fear it does) any Thing more than the followingPower;
the
We
Power
humbly
conceive
Charter, &
or
elect
that
this
Mature
the
very
President &
the
of
Power
of their
who
Masters,
the
President &
upon
Masters
Appointments.
segeral
that
flows
The
Creation
or
from
Visitors
Election
the
create,
become
immediately invested with the Proper Powers and Authorities appointed by Charter
necessary for
ought to take to
as
2dly
their
Departments,
several
themselves,
or
deprive
the
which
these
alone
are
to
be
Visitors
can,
or
of, .. . .
the Rules &
That
idly.
the
Scholarships (
Rewards &
President &
the
only
Direction
for the
Conduct
of
that the ordinary Government of the College is to be
Masters;
to these Statutes, & to
carry' d on agreeably
President & Masters without further Controul
of
the
Masters
We are firmly of Opinion that as the Visitors have the sole Power of
making Statutes,
the President &
Hands
neither
President &
be totally in the Hands
of the
from the Visitors.. .
shall be sotely
and absolutely in the
Hence it must appear that the Disposa of
Punishments
Masters.. .
Rewards
at
this
Time
bestowed
in
College)
was
with
the
greatest Propriety originally placed in the President & Masters, and we can see
no
one
good Reason, why that Privilege should be withheld from them now, wherein the present Statutes,
that one
by there is this standing Contradiction
directs the President & Masters to prefer the Boys to these Scholarships,
according
to
their
Merit & c.
and
another
tht
the
Election
of
this
Sort
of
�192- a
be
Scholars
tion
in
the
to these
chosen
Visitors.
be
can
That
Appointment
the
the
of all
the
in
Officers
the
when
&
no
Considera-
c. . .
College
shall
be. . in
the
for Nothing appears to us more reasonable than that the
Removal of our own Servants should be solely made by ourselves; . ..
That for the greater Encouragement of Men of Learning to come over
4thly
accept
they arrive here,
Learning, good Behaviour
their
Masters,
Nomination &
to
before
even
of
had
whatever
President &
Hence it generally happens that Boys are
Foundations
in
Offices
this
College,
whatever
Preferments
are
in
the
Opinion
of
President &
Masters compatible with the several Departments in the College,
it shall be lawful for the same to be held by the Professor.. .
We are of
Opinion that if the President & Masters are not to be look' d upon as competent
of these Matters,
Judges
they are undeserving of any Trust whatever.
5thly That the Revenues of the College shall be in the President & Masters,
who at the same time declare that they have not a Wish to withdraw their
Accounts of the Management of the same from the Inspection of the Governors &
Visitors...
That
the
Visitors &
Rate
full
for
Board,
prefer' d to
the College.
a
Govenors would be pleas' d to permit us to affix a
Lodging & Rooms at the College for such as are not
Scholarship,
or enjoy any other Reward of their Studies in
That the Saving hereby accuring to the College be laid out
in handsome Appointments for such Students as shall distinguish themselves
by their Application & Success in Study... A general & undistinguishing
Cheapness of Education we presume to think,
is a Matter of inferior Moment
when
The
put in Competition with the Fruits of Education themselves.
flourishing State of a College is not to be estimated by the Number of wild
uncultivated Minds which may be brought together by a Cheapness of living,
but pu± ely by the Number of C apetent Scholars & well- behavkd
Gentlemen
which are sent by any Seminary
of Learning into the larger Society,
where
they vie to display improv' d Talents for their own Benefit, & the publick
Emolument...
That
nameless
As
hope
as
the
would
Visitors
Statutes
no
make
upon
think
we
with
much
some
as
it
ineumbent
of
prospect
we
possible,
upon
us,
Success)
have
&
request,
earnestly
lately
to improve
that
the
Hearsays,
Chancellor
towards
to endeavour
suppressing
the
to obtain
infamous
endeavour'
Revenues
the
would be pleas' d to join with us in recommending
worthy
Rumors,
or
Informations...
d ( and
of the
Visitors &
we
College
Governors
it to the Right Revd &
for us some Aid from the Crown
Practise
of
smuggling
Tobacco,
by which
the College is continually robb' d of the best Part of its Support. ...
Ibid.,
p.
151
June
17th 1768.
The President of the College is desir' d to acquaint the Masters,
that the Visitors taking Offence at the Reflections contain' d in the
Paragraph
would
the
expunge
same.
of their
make
no
Represenla. tion,
Statutes
said
upon
Rumors &
Paragraph. . . .
beginning
c"
with
the
Words "
desire to know whether they will
the Masters
unanimously
agreed
to expunge
the
.
RESOLVED:
That the Article in Yesterday' s Proceedings
Representation be discharg' d.
11111
That the Visitors
relative to the
�192- b
of the Statutes
Order in the Regulations printed at the End
5th
be discharg' d.
That
RESOLVED,
P[
of £ 50
Sum
the
for the
Revenue
College
the
That
RESOLVED:
Purchase
be appropriated out of the
Ann:
er]
Medals, & other
of
honorary
by the President & Masters amongst
as shall best deserve them by their public Exercises.
distributed
Ibid.,
153,-
p.
President
and Masters
1768. [
22d
concerning
A letter
the proposed
the
themselves &
between
differences
Ibid.,
July
164
a
to the Chancellor
Regulations
to be
the
Students
by the
to settle
167
p.
of
Meeting
that
Resol:
of
Visitors.]
August
At
Rewards
such
annually
President
the
Preparations
other
Masters
President &
the
be
shall
as
of Wm &
d to
impower'
be
1768.
5th,
Mary College.
Negroes, &
two
hire
for
necessary
order
e'
Cutting
such
Carting
Wood on the College Lands for the Use of the said College.
Ibid.,
167- 168
14th 1768.
p.
October
RESOL:
a
in,
Dog
of the
the
be
be
will
Student,
no
about
or
Students
Student
that
That
be
Scholar
or
all
that
College, &
away by Monday nextif it
d to be destroy' d,
sent
order'
or
permitted to keep a Horse,
Dogs now kept by any
that any Dog belonging to a
Horses &
appears
in
the
College
after
Date.
BURSAR' S BOOK,
B,
Ledger
70
p.
The
Dr
Table
Fol]
1768
Novr----
cash]
Do [
WILLIAM &
MARY
pd
Carter'
Wm
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
of
Accot
s
Folder
[£]
69
Candles
[
4
S]
[
19
D]
11
9
by Miss Mary F. Goodwin from papers at Fulham Palace]
1768.
Letter from John Camm to Bishop.]
and his lady once fancied Mr. Graham and me to have purposely
The Governor,
taken
iNotes
omitted the pulling off our hats to them when they passed on the outside of
the
of
pales
the
College,
while
were walking
to and fro in the gravel
walk
within."
OF THE MEETINGS
JOURNAL
1729- 1784.
March
Order
the
be
establish'
Foundation
the
Names
who
of those
a
Chapel
MAY
COLLEGE
Byrd
of
may
at
the
Beginning
was
regular &
uniform,
let the following
of
upon
morning & Evening Service mark
present. & then carry the Roll after it is carefully so
before
the
first
Lesson.
April
the
be
Roll for the Chapel be kept by one of the Scholars
175.
Meeting
Thomas
on
shall
mark' d to the Reader
At
OF WILLIAM &
d:
That a particular
p.
MASTERS
•• .
Attendance
the
Ibid.,
PRESIDENT &
page 174.
6th 1769.
That
OF THE
President &
called
ign
by
Masters
the
12th,
1769
of Wm. &
Society
to
Mary College, .. .
answer
�r
193.
some Alegations
against
him for disorderly
Behaviour
After diligent
Part of which he confess' d yesterday,
in which he was
into the said Allegations,
Inquiry
S
charg' d with
and
Thomas
Byrd
School
it
should
Plates & Windows
the
destroying
Manner,
riotous
was
submit
resolved
that
the
to a Whipping
in
a
rude
said
tomorrow. ..
James
IBID.,
in the Grammar-
Horrocks
P.
176- 7.
pp.
13th,
April
1769.
It appears to us the President and Masters of William &
Mary College necessary for the Sake of preserving Discipline,
quiet & Decency
tions
the
same
of
made
Steps,
fest Effects
of
to defend it against Repeti-
Expence lately incurr' d by uncommon Waste
the
and
Windows,
same
of Violence
by frequent Repairs of
Furniture,
Table
the
and
College,
of considerable
Havock
the
in
and outrageous
of
other
Behaviour
the
shall presume to give any such Proofs of an unsociable
d
like
mani-
that those
who
Temper
and it is hereby
Society:
determined that Expulsion be the Punishment for any such Offences.
Order' d that the above Determination be publish' d and pasted
in the Piazzas for the Information of all whom it may
as
are
above
implied
be
expell'
the
concern.
IBID.,
177- 178.
pp.
April
At
of
Meeting
a
the
15th,
1769.
President & Masters
of
bin &
Mary College,
OVO
On
the
12th
Instant, &
on Occasion of some riotous
Be-
haviour in the Hall after Dinner on the Day preceding this Date,
and of a violent Attempt immediately after to break down with Brick
the
Work
new
bestow'
d
on
the
boarded
Windows
of
the
College,
Thos.
Bats
ByLd
In the Course
Meeting of the President and Masters.
of his Examination he confess' d his being a principal Actor with Respect
call' d
was
to
before
the Disorder
IBID.,
p.
a
committed
in the Hall. ..
184
November
John
time
Hall
employ'
with a
Byrd,
by the
Horsewhip
d
16th,
1769
after calling for a Servant which was at that
House
in
keeper
his
hand...
in
the
Hall,
came
into
the
said
�1111"
F
194.
William
Waller
STATUTES
THE
1769]
An
counties
Hening,
for...
act
of James
III.
And
Vol.
1821),
Richmond:
LARGE (
AT
part
ascertaining
VIII,
the
o '
405
p.
boundary
between
the
City and York.
it
represented,
is
that the line dividing the
York,
so far as the same runs through the
City
Be it enacted...
That from
is very uncertain...
city of Williamsburg,
and after passing this act the said line shall be established and continued from the main road,
by the north end of the college, as it now
of
counties
runs down
whereas
and
James
the middle of the main
place,
BURSAR'
S
street to the eastern end of the market
thence ...
BOOK,
Ledger
1763- 1770,
B,
The
70
p.
Dr
Table
1769
Fol]
21
June
IBID.,
Cash,
p.
for
Candles
Fol]
19
Profit & Loss,
[
D]
--
for
[£]
[
S]
[
D]
pd Ratliff
the
Bricklayer
Profit &
73]
p.
S]
12
Cr
1769
June
[
16
72
Contra
411
[£]
72
work
73
18
16
--
72
18
16
--
Loss
1769
June
E.
Cash
19
H.
Livel`,
WEEKLY
for
s
Work
ed.
GAZETTE
AND
Dec.
Williamsburg:
EASTERN
14,
VIRGINIA
1859)
FROM PROCEEDINGS
The
Rt.
Hon.
the
com'
t
Norborne
formerly
OF
COLLEGE
THE
Baron
appt' d
ADVERTISER
2,
p.
THE
EXTRACT
Bricklayer'
to
1
c.
OF
WILLIAM &
VISITORS;
De
SEPTEMBER
Botetourt...
enquire
MARY
into
1st.,
1769.
Rector:
the
state
of
the
Coll:
Build-
ings are desired to get some undertaker to make an exact estimate of the
expense of the necessary repairs and report the same to the next meeting,
distinguishing
The
the expence of each repair.
being informed that the
visitation
Rev.
Mr.
John Camm Professor
Divinity and, the Rev. Mr. Josiah Johnson master of the
in the city
lately married anC taken up their residence
which great inconvenience
has arisen to the College,
and
of
tion
and
of
which
those
Professors
ought
to
pay
to
the
conduct
Gram' r School having
Williamsburg,
by
the necessary attenbehaviour
of
the
�195.
students and scholars has almost been totally interrupted:
That
Resolved,
it is the
Masters,
and
Professors
opinion
their
of this visitation
engaging
in marriage
that
and the
the
concerns
of a private family and shifting their residence to any place without
College,
it contrary to the principles on which the College was
the
founded and their duty as Professors:
At
a
of
meeting
the
Visitors. . .
Resolved,
That
constantly
be
resident
all
the 14th day of December
Professors
the
in
Masters
&
and
college,
hereafter
upon
the
1769.
to be appointed
marriage
Professor
MARY
such
or Master th: t his Professors' p be inim' y vacated.
WILLIAM &
of
Extract
a
The
the
COLLEGE
from
the
manuscript
Coll.
appointed
R.
by
down
Revenue,
to
Folder 49
Proceedings of the Visitors J.
enquire
Morrison.
to
desired
is
Bursar
PAPERS,
lay
to
into
the
the
1,
From
1769.
Copy in State Library.]
before
the
of Accts.
Comt.
and
time,
present
of the
state
Sept.
the
Coll.
a
Comt.
state
of
formerly
Buildings
are
desired
to get some undertaker to make an exact estimate of the expence of the
necessary
repairs,
the expence
JOURNAL
and report
OF THE MEETINGS
COLLEGE
the
same
to the next meeting
1729- 1784
OF
p.
PRESIDENT &
THE
MASTERS
OF WILLIAM &
MARY
186- 187
November
Resol:
distinguishing
of each repair. . .
that the following
27th
Advertisement
1769.
.. .
be inserted
in the Gazette,
Vizt:
Whereas
it
has
appear'
d
to
us
the
President &
of Wm &
Masters
Mary
College very necessary in order to have the Statutes of the said College
carried
their
this
far
due
Purpose;
as
for@
to
into
Residence
in
us
we
have
be
the
same
and
resolved,
exactly
to
Guardians. . .
the
be
Students &
Scholars
should
have
time as prescribed by the Statute for
Term -
during
lies,
directed
Parents
that
Execution,
here
that
observ'
made
to take
for
d &
public.
the
future
complied
those
with,
Terms,
and
have
as
there-
We most earnestly recommend
particular
Care
in
the
above
respect;
�195- 4..
strictly to injoin the Young Gentlemen to be present at the
Commencement
of
of
and not
being
to
less
The
so,
each
for
send
Term,
them
for
Statute
providing
1pening the
Terms
for
Term
begin
before
Palm-
end
the
observe
Divinity
before
time
and
Grammar
each
runs
the
them with the
Term'
s
thus " Let
Indian
Epiphany,
after
to
Permission
certain
means
much
retire,
Expiration.
there
be
Three
School.
Let Hilary
and end on Saturddy
Let Trinity
Term begin on Monday after Trinity Sunday;
Let the other Schools
Day of December.
except only, that to the Philosophy and
Terms,
we
grant Vacation from St. James' s Day to St. Luke'
Sixteenth
same
Schools
WILLIAM &
their
Let Easter Term begin Monday after the First
and let it end in the Eve of the Sunday before
Easter;
the
on
Term-
Monday
Sunday.
Sunday after
Whit- Sunday.
and
First
the
and to provide
give them
home again,
to
of
Meeting
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
Visitors,
14
Copy in State
Morrison.
s."
Folder 49
Dec.,
manuscript
From
1769.
by
J.
R.
Library.]
That all Professors and Masters hereafter to be appointed
Resolved:
be
resident
in the College,
and upon the marriage
constantly
such Professor. .. his Professorship
be immediately vacated.
of
Rind
VIRGINIA
18 Jan.
GAZETTE,
1770
WILLIAMSBURG,
IT being judged
Repair
is
at
of
takers;
given
the said
made
that
by the Visiters
of the
the
at
10'
that a speedy and thorough
WILLIAM
appointed
Committee,
College
of
College
o1Clock,
at
to
Meeting,
such
in
engage
examine
President
TO
and MARY,
for
that
Notice
Purpose,
on Wednesday
of
the
the
Buildings,
the
it
recommended
is
Work,
carefully,
in
to
HISTORY
OF
whenever
THE
COLLEGE
1870) ,
Extract
from
who may
Time,
to
mean
he
is
called
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY
upon.
Rector.
FROM
ITS
FOUNDATION,
page 36.
Miller'
s
Retrospect,
II,
378.)
Lord Botetourt attended Morning and Evening Prayers in the
Chapel."
view
which will be shewn to them by the
College,
1870 ( Baltimore:
College
will
the seventh
those,
the
BOTETOUBT,
THE
1770
February next, in order to contract with one or more Underand,
that they may be the better prepared to give in proper
Estimates
incline
and
necessary
be
hereby
meet
Day
should
January 4,
1693,
�Pre
196.
S BOOK,
BURSAR'
William &
Ledger
Ms.,
B.
82
p.
Mary College
Dr
Table
The
Fol]
1770
[
S]
[
i]
[
D]
Jan
Do [ cash]
pd Mrs Brown
hire
9-
Wood- Cutter
LPrinted
of
a
WILLIAM &
HIS EXCELLENCY
8
76
Papers.
Tucker
handbill.
for a year' s
-
-
Photostat Colonial Williamsburg.]
COLLEGE,
MARY
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
20,
March
1770
the GOVERNOUR having been pleased to
signify to the President and Professors of WILLIAM and MARY College his
Intention
to
two
annually,
give,
GOLD
MEDALS
for
the
Honour
and
Encourage-
of literary Merit,
they think proper to make publick the Method
they have laid down for contributing their Part towards effecting this
ment
very generous Purpose of his Lordship.
It is ordered that the Students in the Philosophy School shall speak
Latin
Declarations
of their
Compositions,
own
and that by two of them this
in the
Chapel,
Exercise
shall be performed
immediately after Evening
Service,
every
lodged
of
in
the
second
the
of
Hands
and
Review
Declaimers,
so
that` Copies
continued
of
these
and that there shall
before
Time
some
Compositions,
these
and
Term,
the
Time;
President,
the
of
the
Term
Professors
of
Merits
in
Thursday
Thursday during
the
President
a
upon
on
other
the
and a general
it shall be adjudged
Rotation
be
be a Meeting
of
15th
in
shall
August,
Consideration
when,
of the
to whom one Medal shall be
given.
It is proposed that as one of the medals shall be assigned
classical,
warding
Philosop]
hical
the
Learning;
metaphysical
S[
entered
as
be
shall
other
for
that therefore Disputations
of
Method
torn]
English
the
to the re-
Advancement [----
the
of
torn.
on physical and
Universities,
shall
be
that which is the ablest Disputant,
and
Sciences,
in these
best Proficient
shall be determined in the same
Manner...
and on him conferred the other Medal.
On
upon
the
publickly
15th
soon
of
as
possible,
August,
presented
to
being
and
Commemoration
the
successful
the
Candidates,
Day,
who
the
Medals
will
must
deliver
one,
and
be
each
of them a Speech upon the Occasion,
It
is
proposed
this
that
Plan
shall
be
a
temporary
that
when
the College shall appear to have a competent Number of young Gentlemen to
be
raised
in
appropriated
learned
BURSAR' S
William &
Succession
to
to
those who
Degree
the
take
of
A.
B.
these
Prizes
the best Degrees in the
shall
be
Arts and the
Languages.
BOOK,
Ledger
B.
Ms.,
P.
88
Mary College
Sundries
Profit & Loss
Drs
Fol]
1770
[
T
S
[]
[
April
6
To Mr
John
Tyler,
for
an
old
Acct
of
Wood
77
25
-
-
D]
then
�196- a.
WILLIAM NELSON LETTER- BOOK 1766- 1775 Ms.
Photostat
National
Colonial
Historical
Park,
Yorktown)
152
p.
William Nelson to Francis Farley Esq .]
Virginia
Dear
We
labours
Success
in
our
the
Febb 22d 1770
Sir
in
the
his
in
the
to
hath
Attempt, &
IBID.,
Governour [ Lord
Publick &
repress
him much
of
every
Admiration
with
Honour
who
wishes
Individual.
every
The
Neglects & Irregularities
some
Man:
Botetourt],
of
Love,
and hath gained him
us,
for his
at the surprizing
Goodness
of Heart
Fatigue he hath undergone
it.
165- 166
pp.
from Wm.
Letter
a
of the
to
done
Admiration
effect
with
Happiness
Endeavours
College
Love &
blessed
are
for
Nelson
to
Samuel
Athawes
of
London.]
Virginia July 26th 1770
Dear
P.
Sir
S.
I
liked
by
IBID.,
am
obliged
none
for
by
Yr
Hmb
Nelson
to
Edward
St
W.
Gwatkin:
who
is
much
N.
166
p.
from William
Letter
of Mr
Recommendation
yr
than
more
Hunt
Esgr &
Son.]
Virginia July 26th 1770.
Mr
Gwatkin,
recommended
that
among
to
wch
seems
Branch
Us.
deliver' d
by the Bishop
He
College.
in
who
of
to
be
me
your
Letter
of the
12th
of
Jan
came
of London
a
Science.
as Professor of Mathematics in our
Gentleman of general Learning,
particularly
He is much liked, & I hope will be happy
Your Recommendation will command every Civility in my Power,
however
I
think
his
own
Merit
would
entitle
him.
...
�197.
OF
JOURNAL
At
a
of
THE
p.
1729- 1784],
Meeting
188,
that
the
for
his
President
Reading
MARY
WILLIAM &
Masters
of
Wm &
Mary
College,
9th 1770,
be
in
OF
MASTERS
189
President &
the
April
Resol:
PRESIDENT &
OF
MEETINGS
THE
COLLEGE. . ..[
entitled
to receive the same Allowance
that is made to the Professors
for
Chapel,
theirs.
that
Resol:
he
S
BURSAR'
the
Sum of £
the
overlooks
BOOK,
1763- 1770,
B,
Ledger
5 be annually allow' d to Mr Nicolson while
Carting of the College Wood.
Cutting &
The
87
p.
Table
Drs
Fol]
1770
[
ET- [
S]
[
D]
May
10
Cash,
pd for 1 Year' s hire of
Richd
17
Hardy'
Jas
Mr
Wood
Nicolson,
Cutters
per
8
71----
for overlooking
1 1/ 4 Year
at £ 5.-.-
Lady Day,
84----
Cutter
Wood
s
6
the
to last
An:
5
I•
IBID.,
87
p.
Sundries
Drs
Expences
Fol]
1770
[£]
[
Si
[
D]
May
12
Mr
E.
for
IBID.,
p.
Jones,
the
for binds of Statutes
Govr
pd by
him
73
Contra
93
Mr.
James
Nicolson]
Crs
Rate
viz
Sterling
1770
June
25
Salaries,
as
Septr
9
3
for
his
Overseer
Cutters
of
Excha
Current money
S]
[
D]
1/ 4 Year
83
Gardener
25 Do as
money
S] [ D]
of the
7
10
-
17
1/ 2
8
16
1
5
Wood
83--- -
3
�197- a.
JOURNAL
OF THE
COLLEGE
1729- 1784
22d
May
MEETINGS
1770.
OF THE
With respect to the Proposal
Letting
have
acquir'
Mathematical
to
d a
for
the
Statutes]
Knowledge
of
desire
may
President &
it,
in
the
are intended
to
or
or
vulgar
received
become
Arithmetic,
into
or Professors
the
beg Leave
sole Place
of
Colony;
but the best Place for training
to be qualified for any of the three learned
Gentlemen,
and
accomplish'
d
Citizens
in
a
of Study.
Plan,
Method
or
Mary
of William &
be
Masters
for
this
regular
approved of in the most famous Universities
Knowledge;
common
That the College is not design' d to be the
regular Course
That
The
Education
who
up Youth,
Professions,
MARY
of the Visitors and Governors for
resident in, or out of the College,
whether
competent
proposed
Guardians
or
School"
represent,
Resort
Youth
such
Parents
whose
WILLIAM &
President and Masters resolutions to Visitors
concerning
who
OF
page 190- 194
.. . [
all
AND MASTERS
PRESIDENT
College,
of
2ndly,
in
consists
the
Progress
Pursuit,
natural & moral; &
Philosophy
in
Study,
hitherto
as well as in the Statutes
first,
of Classical
lastly
of such
Sciences as are to become the Business of the Students during the Remainder of their Lives.
That
the
altered
shine
above
for
even
method
the
in a learned
Learning;
of
departed
from,
or
Geniuses,
extraordinary
Profession
without
the Foundation
occasionally
who
are
able
to
of Classical
...
if
That,
be
cannot
Sake
the
the
proposed
Statute
Place,
take
the important Statute which
President &
Professors to judge of the Proficiency of the
Boys in the Grammar- School before they grant them Leave to remove into
empowers
the
the
Schools,
Philosophy
will
lations,
Students
of real
Ibid.,
be
of
in
the
and nominal
a
as well as many other useful Statutes and Reguif not altogether
superseded:
and
great Measure,
College
will
196- 197.
page
at
best
consist
of
Regulars &
Irregulars
Academicks...
June 27th 1770
RESOL:
that a Reward be given to any who will acquaint this society
with the Name of the Berson or Persons who shall presume to deface any
Part of the College the Repairs now making in particular.
July 9th,
it
the
1770
been
has
Person
who
farther
discovers
order'
any
d--
one
that a handsome Reward will be given to
that
has
already
injur' d
or
defaced,
hereafter shall injure or deface any Part of the College Building or
Furniture, ...
or
�S i1
I,
St. George Tucker
12
1
which I am much obliged to you, is nearly what I concluded it to be
I
from a knowledge of Mr Slater' s disposition, which not naturally .the
most
i
and
l'
pitied,
rendered still
now
ill State of Health.
suffers
her in
by
the
from,, his
more
disagreeable
more
Poor Aunt Slater
think he should
would
one
he has involved
she
1
is
amiable
an
to
endeavour
most
have
to
be
Distresses
the
aleviate
Ill
and
hinges,
much
is
Behaviour,
obliging
Impatience
Misfortunes
by
she
OPPOrtt.
but I
Humour
than th
fancy
the Co;
her
than
er
Circumstances!/
narrow
Mr
Starke
Papa
gave
such
a
Care
good
for
that
wou'
Cheapness
the
like it
send
to
d be taken
of it
who
Fund raised for its
have
the
best
takes
use
Masters
per AnnumiI
shillings
till Papa
thinks
proper
Education
of
as
you
shou'
have
may
as
old sch'
passing
heard
best Institution of
the
that
for
the
wou'
d
students
not
to acquaint
I
boarded
are
inconsiderable
the
sum
of
Mr
the
ing dut
sort
Lodged
13
This
must h,'
Of ei g ht
and
pound
ponder
ten
that it t
have you mention this to anybody
The Messenger
you of it himself.
am
your
There
affectionate
passing
Eliza Tucker
and aga
Dear St. George—
final do
Cou' d you have known how much you have employed my
since
your first Letter you wou' d have found little Reason
I have not
altho'
plain
wrote
to
you
I
since.
cou'
d tell
a
thoughts
to
is that
corn-
Just .
long Story
1 do m
of the many Disappointments that I have met with but let it suffice to
i
I
acquaint
you that I have been with my Sister endeavouring
her in taking care of her Children who have been unwell
cross that I have not had an hour I could
call my own.
I
sorry
you
live
so
disagreeably
at
Mr Slater'
to
am
day Of
assist
and
before
so
Octobc
very
but hope you will not
much as I heard Papa but
s
ton,
long in Situation you dislike
a few Days past declaire his Intention of sending you to Virginia.
remain
I have
add
a
a
more
so
UniVCr
great Deal to say to you but have not Time at present to
Than that I long to' see you and am Your ever affects
the
impatient
t
cian.
Nathan
These letters
i
So
the ye;'
Sister E. T.
j.
c•
d you
Students
the
particular Inspection of Lord Bou detourt
great Delight with it. There is so large
Adieu, dear Brother.
waits.
the
it
represents
under the
Governor)
the
a
and
of
I believe he has determined,
Tis probable
there. '
you
Starke speak of it, he
in America
that
c.
Of
neverhis
favourable
account of the College in Virginia as well from the Regulations and
i.
in
must
boy by
have stirred
their
the lits
the
indication
imagination
that
the
of
only E
Henry
doors of
1`
L
si.
M
4
•
�College
of William
and Mary
August
Me
Sing
little ad-
c
I
obliged
much
am
Song of
a
to
you
Lad
a
dear
my
that
19,
is Gone"
St. George for
1
1' i
II
Shoes
the
1770
i
you
tant in
his
bought
estions
we
conclude came from you You will find in one corner of your handkerchief
Can
t$ t
for
Only
to/
for
and
me
which
Mamma desires you will
pair of Shoes for her.
remain
Roll of Pomatum
a
Juba
give
brought
I
which
Miss Bruere for
t,
i
a
r
1
She has wrote you all the News and leaves
i
me only to tell you that I am Your truly affectionate Sister
P.
i Id, with
S.
If you should be without Money at any time don' t Scruple
a
using part of what you sell the Paper for as half of it belongs to me.
lizabeth—
The following year, to his great disappointment, his
father' s finances still preventing his being sent to Lon-
of
brevity
don, young St. George
4 Handkerould be
by
factory
glad
next
the
the
ti
belonged
little
much
and
which
c
forgot
your
so
or
a
wrote
he found
himself.
letters
despairing
surroundings
i
to
amidst
Uncle Slater was in money
was
partly
1
to
as
i,
a
t
cheer by divulging his father' s future plans for him
d My
from
him, St. George
from the former express her anxiety to comfort and
I
r
1
to
with St. George in his discontent. The following letters
something
the Pine
sister
and seemed
lawyer",
pupil boarder to their house.
Elizabeth and her mother were most sympathetic
Sickly
ill with
Your
Though in later years he
pair.
as an " eminent
uncle
assist his sister financially that old Mr. Tucker sent his
us.
son
very
depressing
difficulties and ill- health, and I think it
believe they
to
i
boy. He had set his heart on being sent
his sister , Bet on the uncongenial
of
Their
we
read law with his
to set high value on books and pamphlets which had
i cs we shall
is
to
abroad, and his Uncle and Aunt Slater were evidently a
will tell you
re
all Dead
r
to the
gloomy and
refers
to his
guniea
Very
placed
was
uncle, Mr. Slater, who was married to a sister of old
Mr. Tucker. This arrangement was far from satis-
find you
to
I
Eliz. Tucker
ffectionate
before the old gentleman himself had seen fit to do so.
your
August
19th
t
i
770
Dear St. George
Tucker
Your
Situation
i *'
j
as
described
in
your
long
letter
last week,
for
I I,
i,
Mary Haldane
CITIZEN
pp.
OF
Coleman [
NO MEAN
Mrs.
CITY,
George
P.
Richmond:
ST.
Coleman],
The
Dietz
GEORGE
Press,
TUCKER:
4.
i
1938,
11- 12.
1
a
y;;
•
�198.
BURSAR' S BOOK
The
Cash,
IBID.,
p.
B,
Ledger
Manor
for
pd
1763- 1770,
of
work
p.
89
Drs
Brafferton
done
by
Mrs
Wray'
s
Glaziers
6
1
94 -
88
Sundries
Profits &
Drs
Loss
Fol]
TS] [
[£]
D]
1770
Augsg
Mr John
31
Tyler,
for wood short entered
6 Apl last
IBID.,
p.
6
77
5
-
87
Sundries
Expences
Drs
1770
[
E]
I ]
D]
7
Fol]
[
6
Septr
21
Cash
paid
a
Load
Stones
from
the
95
ferry
MARY COLLEGE QUARTERLY. .
First Series,
Vol.
V,
Printed Announcement of Lord Botetourt' s funeral]
WILLIAM &
Williamsburg,
170
p.
October
16,
1770.
THE Gentlemen appointed to conduct the Funeral of his Excellency
Lord BOTETOURT,
present their Compliments to all Gentlemen and Ladies,
and beg the Favour of their Attendance at the Palace at Two o' Clock on
Friday next.
The Procession
where
be
411
the
usual
conducted
to
to
begin
Service
the
and move
precisely at Three,
will be performed;
after which
College
Chapel,
and
there
interred.
to
the
the
Church,
Corps
will
�199.
LONDON
CHRONICLE,
Copy.
Williamsburgh,
America.
This
day
Governor,
his
of
of
the
Photostat
Papers
College
R.
his
funeral
of
and
for
19.
Lord
our
Botetourt,
late
attended by many
procession,
of Burgesses & c.
to the
House
the
Collection
Huntington Library
Inc.
Williamsburg,
concerning "
226]
interment:...
Brock
A.
October
Excellency
grand
Council,
s
Colonial
Joshua
of
in
Folder
Papers,
Virginia,
remains
carried
Book -
Note
To
the
were
Majesty'
Chapel
Ms.
College
Mary
1770.
18- 20,
December
Wm. &
His Excellency Lord Botetourt' s Estate"]*
Kendall
1770
Oct.
16.
To
17.
a
"
410
"
20.
"
0.
0
0. 15.
0
2. 10.
0
0
and
Cover
a
Vault
for
for
weeps - - - -
-
the
Governor
5.
0.
Bear
the
Corps
1.
4.
0
3. 10.
Pew
of
for
0
0.
0
8.
0.
0
Coffin
Benches
the
up
Do
12.
four
Making
Taking
Governor
Blacking
Black Walnut
with
ToWM
0
2.
for
Cloaks
two
19.
2. 15.
the
Staffs
"
One
for Mr Knight
Coffin
inside
Making
18.
attendance
Coffin &
One
to
in
Colledge &
Planks &
Centers
Do
Floor and making
good Do
for
Arch
to
Do
Waddill
1770
Oct.
To
19.
8 Silver
ship'
1 Large
1770]
The
sterling.
fins,
one
of
black
laid
of
and
16
escutcheons
fully
Lord
in
by
Engrav'
plate
Botetourt'
appear
furnished
ornamented
lutestring
of
furnished
Persian
16 escutcheons
a
Silver
remains
lead,
walnut
with
velvet,
expenses
The
handles
for his Lord-
Coffin
s
to
by
have
one,
one
best
funeral
been
Joseph
Joshua
ornamented,
the
s
d
aggregate
enclosed
Kidd,
Kendall.
in
an
There
inside
The
and the outside
manner.
were
"
about £ 700
three
several
coffin
inside
coffin
one
was
covered with crimson
8 silver handles
and
for his lordship' s coffin and one large silver plE.te engraved,
mattrass
and
He was buried
Oct.
2Oth, L4\ Cpillow,
cap".
shroud
ICM
i
1770.
William &
cof-
and
Mary
College
Quarterly. . .
2nd
Series,
Vol.
X,
pp.
79- 80
�200.
To
Joseph
Kidd
1770
Oct.
attending at the Pallace 6 nights
a Leaden
Coffin No 411 worked up
To
the
Lining
Coffin with
inside
Shroud,
Lutestring
Makg
Covering the outside
a
Coffin
Altar,
32
Escutcheons
28
Streemers
to
for
the Attendance
all
the
12. 16. 102
0
Cap
and neatly
3. 10.
0
0.
0
5.
0.
0
8.
0.
0
0
7. 10.
Velvet
1. 10.
3. 10.
and
0
manner.
Covering
with
the Communion
Superfine
cloth
Church &
Hearse,
the
c
at
5/
2/ 6
Horses & r
of Six Persons at the Funeral and Tying
Hatt
the
ornament
0.
2.
with Crimson
Desk &g
Reading
E3.
ornamented
fully
Pillow
Mattrass,
at
0
10/
7i
Persian
ditto in the best
ornamenting
Pulpit,
his Seat,
hanging
and
Table,
and 6 days
Scarfs & c
Bands,
c
&
To Humphrey Harwood
1770
Oct.
19.
To
1450
building
BURSAR' S BOOK,
at
Bricks
a
2/ 9 &
Vault
William &
Bushels
25
7 days
30/ &
9d
3.
3.
12
2r
2.
4.
0
at
at
Archives,
College
Mary
lime
labor
1770- 1777,
page
Boa,/
Expenses
1770
29
Dr
...
7
Ditto
7
To
Ditto
1
To
Robs
Nicolson
23
To
Cash
paid
25
25
To
the
10
To
14
Novr
47
s
To
Pale
To Ditto
paid
paid Caps
his
Blacksmiths
Necks
duty
on
Glass
pr.
AccI
34
34
6
2
2
72
1`2
67
Accot
11
12
4
9
1771
Feby
March
May
To the
Camm
Johnson
Cash
25.
57
To
THE
REVD &
Printed
Expences,
To
To
the
of
6
34
yr of his
Ditto to
Accot
43
72
Brafferton
23
TYLER'
Honble
a
62 . 10
HORROCKS
S
Virginia
QUARTERLY,
SqL Cap
William
Nelson
State
Vol.
Esgz
52
7
2:
Photostat
Library.
pp.
-
-
s
III,
John
-
9
120- 122)
Randolph,
-
DR
it JAMES MADD I SON
1 Cap & Gown
MSS.
-
Dr
5 Indians
MR PRESIDI
38
33
Layr
10.
72
15
10
54
April
repairs
Brick
of
Apparts
Expences
PAPERS,
in
1
for
board
HONBLE
To
1
Feby
BOTETOURT
Manor
Table
the
24
Decr
for
paid Saunders his
paid Hump{ Harwood
p.
1771
Mr
Gowns
Layer
Revd Mr
The
Mar
Brick
accot Caps &
Revd
327
p.
1771
P.
1770
a
his
C WI
LJan.
Robert
2,
Carter
17717
Nicholas,
12:
-
16: -
�r-
201.
George
and
John
Blair
Junr
till
last
night
receive
Wythe,
Esqires.
Centlemen
I
not
did
the very melancholy
I• understand
of
Letter
your
October
30th. ..
with
Account of Lord Botetourt' s Death...
by a Letter from Marshman to Ld Botetourt' s agent Mr
Conway that his Lordship expressed a. desire sometime before he died to be
bury'
d
hope
the
in
near
the
Virginia,
myself
end
affection
flatter
remembrance
of the
he
where
place
sincere
do
I
that
so
President & c
not
College
buried,
was
regard
it will not
I
be
bore
the
intend
Body to England,
removing
will permit me to erect a Monument
as the only means I have to shew the
him
alive. ..
when
disagreeable
to
the
At
the
same
Virginians
time
to have
of a person whom they held in such high estimation
t, t
I
this
and whose
loss they so greatly lament.
I
am
Gentlemen
Your
most
Obedient
most Oblig' d humble Sert
Beaufort
Badminton
Jan.
2d
1771.
WILLIAM &
Invoice
4111
order
WRY
of
on
COLLEGE
Goods
the
Ship'
Folder
PAPERS.
d
Osgood
by
Co
Banbury &
risk
Account &
proper
260 ms.
on
of & Consign' d
board
the
William &
Hanbury. .. by
Mary College -
a
Barrel - - -
Earthenware - - -
Thos.
Wilkinson - - -
2
a
Case - - - -
E.
Taylor
3
a
Cask - - - -
Braziery - - - -Ironmongery - - -
a
Chest
)- - -
Paint &
W. &
a
Cask
6
2
1.
)
5
6)
7)
Bundles - - -
c - - - --
F.
Co.
Vardon &
J.
Turnery
Nath.
£
3.
2. 15.
1
8. [
5.
Rowlatt - -
Tidd
torn]
torn]
12. [
4. [
torn]
8)
9
10)
a
Case - - - -
Pewter
Watts &
a
Bale - - - -
Upholstery - - - -
Chas
Co
12. [
West - - - -- - -
11
a
Basket - - - -
Cheese
Fry &
12
a
Hhd
Grocery
Davidson &
13
a
Bundle - - -
Sacks
Saml
Walker
14
15
16
17
a
Box
Glass
Jos:
Goodchild
a
Bale - - - -
Woollens
Mauduit &
a
Bale
Ozna. bgE
Langkopf &
a
Chest ...
Tinware - - -
Saml
Hats - - - -
Rickards &
Combs - - - -
Wm
Haberdashery -
Neave &
1. 19.15. 12.
3. -. -
Co
torn]
1.
7. -
2. 15. 2.
5. -
Co
Brotherton &
Robt
Linen -------
Jno
Hose -
A.
Co
10. -
Gyfford
J.
1. 18. -
Bowers
0. &
6
14. 6
24. 11. -
Co
Co
Stationery - Drapery -
411
Co - - - -
Fossick
Books - - - -
Linen
Co
torn]
14. 10 -
6. 4. 11. 6
4. 17. 6
12.
Barclay
Eiger
Wilkenson
London
18th
Feby,
1771
30. 3. 11
�201-
1111
WILLIAM
NELSON
LETTER- BOOK
Colonial
Photostat
1766- 1775
National
Ms.,
Historical
188- 189
p.
Park,
Yorktown,
a
Va.)
William Nelson to Samuel Athawes EsciE of London]
Virginia
Dear
Janes 30:
You
have
made
Nat.
Burwell happy by the Books you sent him by
He seems to be absorbed
in the Study of
Dunsley.
Gwatkin tells me that he will probably be as great
as
in America:
any
for
But
Study;
expect
I
he
Wm.
will
his
be
of
elsewhere
Constitution
married
if
is
soon
he
so
after
would
allow
and
Mathematics;
a Proficient
himself
from
very different
he comes
of age; .. .
in it
another
Yours;
Year
that I
211
p.
Nelson to Samuel Athawes Esq ]
Virginia
Dear
the
To my Son Hugh who is Still at College & will be 22 next April,
to give my Lands Slaves &ca in Frederick &
Fauciuier
Counties. . . .
propose
IBID.,
1111
1771
Sir,
8,
July
1771
Sir,
gee
College
Nat
Burwell,
till
Mr
at
October
Son of Carter
1772,
a
most
is determined
commendable
to pursue
Resolution;
to
his Studies
which
he may have been inclined
by a Doubt, that hath been Started by
Mr Nicholas,
Whether,
Father' s Will,
the Daughters are not entitled
by his
however
to
the
Surplus
not
opinion
go
to
upon
Houskeeping
among
IBID.,
p.
William
of
Profits
defensible;
others,
an
Estate, & not
this
the
Sons:
tho'
I think this
it will:
sure
of
Nat doth not chuse to marry &
which I look
Something beforehand;
Instance
of
his
he
till
as
the
Be
is
as
Prudence &
Good
Sence.
245
Nelson
to
Sand
Martin,
Escaj
Virginia
My
three
younger
Boys,
Bob,
Nat, &
July 2d 1772
William,
are
the Opportunities of Improvement are very good.
I
...
at
College,
where
�202.
BURSAR' S
BOOK,
1770- 1777,
p.
34
Cash
4111
Contra
Cr
1771
Fol]
[£]
[
S]
[
D]
Feby
By
JOURNAL
Expences
OF
23
THE
pd
MEETINGS
1729- 1784],
Brick
a
OF
THE
Layer
PRESIDENT &
of
Meeting
a
OF
MASTERS
WILLIAM &
MARY
COLLEGE
200- 01
pp.
President &
the
1771.
llth,
April
At
6
29
of
Masters
William &
Mary College.
This Day was receiv' d from the Hon: ble the President
and
the other
Gentlemen appointed to take Care of Lord Botetourt' s Effects the following
Extract of
I understand
died
to
be
to
from his
Letter
a
in
Virginia;
hope
but
Monument
near
the
that his Lordship
buried
England,
Grace
of Beaufort,
Duke
express' d a Desire
Vizt
sometime
before
he
so that I do not intend to remove the Body
President &
the
c of the College will permit me to erect
buried,
as the only Means I have of
expressing in some Degree the sincere Regard and Affection I bore towards
him; And I flatter Myself it may not be disagreeable to the Virginians to
a
have
Loss
Which
Assent
IBID.,
the
a
Person
read,
a
Estate
in
held
they
so
high
Estimation,
and
therein
contain' d receiv' d the unanimous
to the Memory
of Lord
Botetourt.
203
meeting
Resol:
whom
the Application
1771.
May 3d,
At
was
Society, who are glad of every Opportunity of shewing their
Regard
p.
of
he
where
they so greatly lament;"
being
of
sincere
Place
Remembrance
this
whose
the
of
President
the
Masters
and
of
Wm. &
Mary College,
unanimously that a Negro Woman belonging to his late Excellency' s
be
d
purchas'
for
the
Use
of
the
College;
if to be had at a moderate
price.
TYLERS
QUARTERLY
Photostat
Letter
to
executors
from
the
in
HISTORICAL &
Botetourt
Duke
of
GENEALOGICAL
Papers,
Beaufort,
Va.
nephew
of
MAGAZINE,
Library
Lord
Vol.
at
III,
Col.
Botetourt,
p.
115
Williamsburg,
Inc.)
frola Botetourt' s
Virginia - ]
Virginia
My Lord
State
27th May 1771.
Duke.
We have been honoured with your Grace' s favour of the 2d of January...
The
President &
Professors
of
our
8ollege
upon
being
informed
of
yr.
Grace'
s
�203.
purpose
to erect a monument
have
Interment,
That
signified
Grace
your
be
not
may
to Lord Botetourt'
to
their
us
at
loss
a
s memory
to
as
near
warmest
unanimous &
Dimensions
size &
the
the place
of his
approbation
of
of
it...
a monu-
ment which will best suit the Chapel we take the liberty of furnishing
you with
to
you
will
enclosed
the
shortly
embark
for yr. farther Information
beg leave
Mr.
College himself,
Commissary Horrocks,
memo. &
of
President
the
the
for England
for the
Recovery
have
We
Nicholas'
Monument
The
spoil
Carter
cannot
two
Yr;
be
most
erected
the
Grace'
hble.
obt.
s
servts.
writing)
be
conveniently
Pews &
principal
who
Health...
to
respectful &
Very
Robert
of his
Honor
the
to refer
incommode
over
as
Grave,
the Chapel considerably
it would
in other respects.
If it is proposed to have it in the form of a Pyr^ rnidf it can be placed
except at the tottom of the Isle fronting the Pulpit,
Ovantage, if the Dimensions should not be thought
in no part,
conveniently
it would appear to
where
much
too
Passage
confinid;
left
width
that
the
five
of
itself
Isle
the
each
on
of
side
monument,
is
about
monument
the
feet
ten
at
least
there
wide;
feet &
two
must
be
half,
an
a
so
feet.
the
which will
form the Fronts can be no more
than
A flat monument may be fixt still more commodiously in the side of the
wall
nearly
brick
strong
to
opposite
Pier
a4d
ceiling down to
of the wainscot-
to
the
the . g,piling
Wainscot
the
to
Grave.
the
feet
six
is
wainscot
floor
tRe
Between
half
an
feet
twelve
eleven
should
feet
there
windows,
is
a
the length of this pier from the
id_ an half,
a
ald
be
not
large
two
wide;
half
an
thought
&
more;
from The Top
if
the
sufficient,
we
Height
from
suppose
there wouldio Inconvenience in leting the monument down into the wainscot
as
low
Front
Floor,
the
as
of
the
Carter
Robt.
JOURNAL
OF
but then the bottom Part of it would be hid by the
Pew.
Nicholas'
Writing]
MEETINGS
THE
1729- 1784],
OF
THE PRESIDENT &
a
Meeting
Resol:
that
of
be
President &
the
Points &
House, &
left
WILLI_AM &
OF
MARY
COLLEGE
205.
p.
1771.
July 30t12,
At
MASTERS
the
to
Conductors
Brafferton-
the
of
Masters
be
fix' d
Mary
College
on
the
College,
that
School:
Rev: d Mr.
Wm &
the
Direction
Gwatkin
Professor
of
the
of
President'
the
s
same
Mathematics.
The Consideration of a Fire Engine is referr' d to a future Meeting.
Purdie &
VIRGINIA
eds.,
Dixon,
GAZETTE,
August
Extract
of
Country
1771.
1,
Clergyman"]
letter
from John
Dixon,
Professor
at
in
Paper
the
College,
to " the
SIR
But
have,
you,
Sir,
unprovoked,
in
your
last
reflected
Letter...
upon
me
as
Rind'
plainly
s
as
if
by
of
the
Name.
13th
Instant,
...
you
reflec7:
�204.
the
on
I am
OF
PROFESSORS
two
Down
to
be
IN
DIVINITY
AND
WILLIAM
COLLEGE,
MARY
of
which
one.
Surely your Parish must lie at a great Distance from the City of
Williamsburg, since you are so ignorant of the present State of the College
as not to know that there are no Students advanced so far as the Divinity
when
that the " Pupils
School yet; and therefore
you speak in a jeering way,
of these Professors will never fall a Prey to a few paltry Unbelievers"...
Not being
to know the Certainty of these Matters yourIt is probable you may have heard
by Report...
what these busy Bodies say of our worthy PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICKS and
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY: "
That many Students under him have but a little Time
to spare,
which might be better employed in teaching them to survey a Piece
a Piece
of Timber,
to measure
or
a Ship
of Land,
to Sea,
or gauge a
carry
of Euclid."
But these are
Cask...
than
in demonstrating the Propositions
as
ignorant
well
as
who do not consider
that Euclid
is to the
busy People,
self,
convenient
for certainly where there are no
intended,
you speak more Truth than you
Pupils none can be corrupted.
have
must
you
Mathematicks
what
them
Grammar
Complaint
Another
enough
taken
is
to
by
made
these
Language...
ill
is,
Meddlers...
judging
" that
after
the Assembly had made a generous Gift of a noble Apparatus for Experimental
Philosophy to the College, these fine Instruments being suffered to lie in
a
Room
like
freely bestowed
ledge."
Lumber,
useless
But
them for
these
in
Universities
the Advancement
forward
England
mistaken
these
are
Men
quently are despised and neglected.
The Country Clergyman is therefore
the
of the Students
are
looked
in
Indignation
great
causes
ignorant
upon
only
to blame
in useful
that
in
Raree-
as
Burgesses,
to hearken
who
Know-
the
learned
Shows,
and
to these
conse-
Tattlers,
when they find Fault with any of the Professors in the College.
As
to
Schools;
of
Professors
the
heretofore
have
they
For
to
them...
as
had
then
the
had
myself,
regularly,
three
can
Times
August
15,
JOHN
that
both
of
them
of both the Philosophy
that any Neglect was imputed
I used
to attend
School
particularly;
as the Grammar
William and Mary College
July 23, 1771.
IBID.,
happened
Times,
and I never heard
speak
Day,
a
has
at different
Pupils,
I
it
Divinity,
Care,
is
the
attended.
School
...
DIXON
1771
THIS Day many Gentlemen honoured the College of William and Mary with their
Attendance,
ment.
to assist in commemorating
in
Praise
in
the
of
Hall
Leigh
S
the
by
Founders
two
of
the
a
Sermon
and
in
the Foundation
the
Benefactors
Students,
Chapel,
of
Messieurs
the
two
of that useful Establishelegant
College,
Edmund
English
Orations,
were pronounced
Randolph
and
William
...
BURSAR'
and
Prayers
After
BOOK,
1770- 1777,
p.
33
The
Table
1771
Octr
Dr
Fol]
31
To
Ditto [ cash]
[£]
S7 [
[
D]
pd George Purdie for
Candles
75
16
-
1
�r
205.
LETTERS
Vol.
TO
IV,
WASHINGTON
05
p.
to
Letter
George
Washington
from
the
Rev.
Jonathan
Boucher,
tutor
of
John Parke Custisj
Nov.
If
all
you
not
to
Princeton.
something
vinced of than
of
the
after
it
that
be
know
Respect.
d
Jerseys,
that
live
You
magnifi'
beyond
I
am
Objections
to
JOURNAL
on
truth:
MEETINGS
p.
is
a
of
meeting
Resol:
That
IBID.,
a
Request
I am more conbetter in every
less
THE
PRESIDENT &
If,
there.
I would
then
MASTERS
OF
often
the
however,
the
recommend
M&
WILLI
New York.
MARY
COLLEGE
the
opposite
1771.
10th,
Masters
of
Nurse'
s
Wm &
(
Mary College,
after
Mr Nathanael
Burwell
be kept for an Infirmary.
210
p.
of
meeting
Resol:
one -
to
it,
every objection
the case with Respect to
insuperable,
January
At
better
a
be
President &
Room
it)
a
209
the
the
leaves
is
this
December
At
add
hear
would
OF
to
it & hear
were
Williamsburg
1729- 1784],
to
'
you
if
I
and there is not anything
College
contiguous
the
all
Pay me the Compliment of believing that I
own
your
Him,
removing
matter;
mistaken
THE
OF
resolve
ye 19 1771
have
Annapolis,
that
the
the
Sum
President &
the
be
Bursar
of four
directed
Pounds
ten
1772.
31st,
Masters
to
of
Wm &
Mary College
pay Messrs
Shillings
each
Henley &
for
Gwatkin
their
expences
in Town before the Rooms in College were ready for their Reception.
IBID.,
210
p.
14th,
February
At
a
of
meeting
Upon
a
President &
the
motion
made
by
Schools
the
Mr.
shall
Masters
Johnson
speak
of
it was
1772.
Wm. &
Mary
College,
Order' d that the
Students
in
Philosophy
and that by two of them in Rotation this Exercise shall be
d in the Chapel,
perform'
immediately after Evening Service, every second
Thursday during Term- time.
Latin
Declamations,
of their own Compo-
sitions,
BURSAR'
S
BOOK,
1770-
1777,
p.
32
The
Manor
1772
of
Brafferton
Dr
Fol]
To
May 13
Cash
paid
Saunders
repairs
[£]
[
S]
83
2
2
76
62
10
1772
March
25.
To
the
Table
board
5
Indians
[
D]
10
1/ 2
�Opposite pAge 206.
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P 1).—...—. it. It.— , •.
4.....
ti„,.,.,......_._,‘,...
A.....
,
, .
.
i... ...
III—-
PLAN FOR AN ADDITION TO THE MAIN BUILDING
COLTFGE
PLAN
SHOWS
ADDITION,
HENRY
BY
E.
THOMAS
THE
WHICH
JEFFERSON
EXISTING
WAS
HUNTIMTON
Ca.
BUILDIM,
NEVER
BUILT.
LIBRARY,
OF WILLIAM AND MARY
THE
LOWER
THE
UPPER
HALF
THE
ORIGINAL
1772.
CALIFORNIA.
HALF
SHOWS
PLAN
IS
OF
THE
THE
IN THE
IIIII
�206.
OF
JOURNAL
OF
THE MEETINGS
COLLEGE. ..[
1729- 1784],
4111
a
of
meeting
llth,
Resol:
that
a
President &
the
be
person
MARY
WILLIAM &
214- 15
August
At
OF
MASTERS
PRESIDENT &
THE
pp.
1772.
of
Masters
d
employ'
Wm &
attend
to
Mary College,
constantly .-. t
the
College,
take particular care that no Damage be done to the Buildings
that if he should
Furniture,
or
see any of the young
Gentlemen
he give immediate Intelligence
any Waste,
President &
the
Society who engage to support
committing
same
to
that
he be
allow'
of
at
Mr.
that
Resol:
d
the
Directions,
to
Rate
and
Apparatus,
for
his
appointed
be
Davenport
Matthew
College
the
any farther
of £ 30 p Ann:
subject
that
&
of the
him,
he
be
Trouble.
to
take
clean &
care
that he be allow' d a Salary
of
10 p Ann:
VIRGINIA
Dixon,
Purdie &
GAZETTE,
20,
August
eds.
1772
WILLIA1MSBURG,
Last
Saturday,
City
and
of
tions
that
Neighbourhood
had
the
Mr.
the
Degree
useful
20.
James
of
a Number
Establishment,
attended,
to
Students,
and
Hundred,
also
of
Foundation
the
August
being the Anniversary held at the College to commemorate
by
of
two
whom (
from
Madison,
Bachellor
of
at
Invitation,
Nathaniel
Mr.
Augusta)
Gentlemen
academical
Burwell,
on
of
the
s
and
Medals,
after
them;
in
ExhibiMartin'
Gold
adjudged
were
conferred
Arts
of
the
which
the whole Company sat down to an Entertainment provided for the Occasion,
and spent the Day in decent Festivity.
BURSAR'
S
1770- 1777,
EOOK,
90
p.
Expences
1772
Dr
Fol]
Aug
28
To
cash]
Ditto [
Purdie & Dixon,
VIRGINIA
laid
to
purpose,
before them
September
Wheel
[ S]
f]
88
Work
and
to
up,
on or before
they
College,
procure
at
their
an
are
of the College
directed
have
exact
next
desired
of
estimate
meeting.
Work,
this
intending
who
us,
are
D]
6
the
Notice
that
a
to make an additional
appointed
is
therefore
Plan*
send
Estimates
their
and
Committee
given,
thereof
who will be ready at all times
to
a
thereof,
expense
is
PEYTON
C.
LEWIS
s
Plan ?
MG
f
RANDOLPH
NICHOLAS
BURWELL
to
all
to show the same,
Proposals,
the first Day of October next.
RO.
for
to be
lodged
DUNMORE
Jefferson'
[
6
5
1772
3,
and Governours
to undertake
persons willing
with Mr. Matthew
Davenport,
whom
Saunders
Mr
eds.
GAZETTE,
THE Visiters
building to the
that
paid
[
JOHN
BLAIR
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�207.
BURSAR'
S
1770- 1777,
BOOK,
76
p.
The
Dr
Table
41111
Fol]
[£]
S]
[
[
D]
1772
Septr
To
IBID.,
Cash
p.
30
12
88
Muggs
1 dz
-
90
paid
Dr
Expences
1772
Fol]
October
Ditto [ cash]
To
19
paid
Brick
the
Ditto
To
Ditto
10
To
Ditto [ cash]
paid
To
Ditto [ cash]
paid Sundry
s
Work
Coopers
17
3
D]
8
10
17
[
4
15
4
88
Accot
39
88
Acct
Blacksmith'
To
6
paid
paid
88
88
lyrs
the
Nov 4
Nov
S]
[
2
88
Candles
Box
a
[£]
12
6
4
9
Decemr
8
111,
The
Ms.
260.
College
0.
to
of
list
-
MARY COLLEGE PAPERS
WILLIAM &
Folder
Books
accot
per]
the
titles
estate
of
of
8,
the
late Mr Horrocks
totalling £ 17. 12. 0]
books
1772
6
000
Recd
Deer
the
Contents
S.
1770- 1777,
S BOOK,
BURSAR'
Henley
76
p.
Dr
Table
The
Foil [£]
1772
[ S]
[
D]
Decemr
To Ditto [ cash]
9
C.
John
OF
Vol.
WASHINGTON,
Washington
George
88
Candles
to
the
From
Sir:
the
2
5 1/ 2
p. 498
Jonathan
Boucher]
37,
Rev.
Mount
Dear
10
ed.
Fitzpatrick,
WRITINGS
THE
paid
best
enquiries
I
could
make
Vernon,
whilst
17,
January
I
was
in,
1773.
and
about Williamsburg I cannot think William and Mary College a desirable place
to
send
of
Hollidays,
spect
it
in.
to
Jack
a
Custis
to;
Inattention
the
is
the
Subject
youth
who
has
...
a
of
good
of
the Masters,
general
complaint;
deal
attain,
to
and
added
to
the number
and affords no pleasing probut
a
short
while
to
do
�208.
LETTERS
Vol.
TO WASHINGTON
IV,
175
p.
Letter
Notes
[
M. F. G.]
from
Washington
George
to
Jonathan
Rev.
Boucher]
Aft
It
is
and
Institution
of
to
And
speedily.
this
sort
his
in
Mr.
remove
own
Custis to some Place of publick
is
there
when
so
it
Country,
noble,
so princely an
lamentable
to Find
is
as
Him
to Another.
I had,
be a Necessity of sending
still
been endeavouring to believe the many stories we are perpetually
should
there
know,
you
expedient
certainly
Education,
1773
19,
January
of the Mismanagement at William and Mary as partial and exaggerated:
but the Carefulness of your Enquiries on the Spot preclude all farther
hearing,
Doubt
about
the
matter.
Purdie &
Dixon,
VIRGINIA
GAZETTE
eds.
23,
Jan.
1773]
Deaths]
CALVERT,
Master MA. XIMILIAN
Students
Mr.
of
JAMES
all
concerned,
following
Father
for many Years
Years,
Offices
after
to
greatly
his
People
by
much
he
in
College,
and Gardener
much
own
Emolument,
what you
Station.
his
and
raking
Steward
discharged
Save
Maxim,
s
Abraham'
acquired
rarely
thirty
and
the
a.
College, . ..
which
College;
Mary
at
His Corps went down yesterday to Nora considerable Way out of Town by the Professors
NICHOLSON,
and
very
the
Students
the
of
seventeen...
and were attended
folk,
and
about
Youth
promising
one
the
to Williarr
Satisfaction
His
Labour
of
almost
to his Relations
in
Scotland.
Mrs.
JOURNAL
MARGARET
OF
THE
COLT. FGE....[
GARRETT,
MEETINGS
1729- 1784],
Housekeeper
OF
THE
p.
216
a
meeting
Pesol:
that
the
Resol:
of
Mr.
Room
the
of
Mr.
Wilson
Jas
College.
MASTERS
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY
Ms.
President &
James
the
PRESIDENT &
January
At
at
29th,
Masters
be
1773.
of
appointed
Nicolson
deceas'
Wm &
Mary College,
Gardiner
of
the
College
in
d.
be allow' d the Gardiner
that a Salary of £ 50 Sterling P Ann:
in consideration of his performing the Offices of Janitor &
Steward,
and as a compensation for his not being allow' d to
sell
any
Seeds
out
of
the
Garden.
of
having amassed a Sum ( by
can,
and what you get hold)
goes
scraping,
to
�fze&
kr
1('
i/
dete- bitezd
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S
BURSAR'
011/
1770- J777,
BOOK,
93
p.
Table
The
Dr
Fol]
1773
[£]
[
S]
[
D]
January
27
To
IBID.,
Ditto [ cash]
1
paid
88
Candles
Box
8
2
11
90
p.
Expences
Dr
Fo1]
1773
[
i'.]
Ts;
[
D]
Jan.. .
12
To
Ditto [ cash]
Mathl
p.
paid
repair&
the
88
The
32
Manor
of
2
13
93
Apparatus
62
10
5
Brafferton
1773
March
To
25
JOURNAL
OF
COLLEGE. .. [
the
board
Table
MEETINGS
THE
1729- 1784],
5 Indians
of
OF
THE
PRESIDENT &
4110
a
of
meeting
Resol:
the
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY
218.
p.
February
At
MASTERS
-
President
and
26th,
1773.
Masters
of
Wm &
Mary College,
that the Room on the South Side of the Library- Door be set apart
for an Infirmary,
the Room formerly appointed being look' d upon
as improper
Resol:
for that Purpose- that
keeper,
not
that
and
Messrs
to
deliver' d
be
Stuart,
Jones,
the Key be left with the Housebut upon particular Occasions
out,
an d Yates have the Room on the North-
Side of the Library Resol:
that
Side
the old Dormitory- Stair- Case.
that
Resol:
Messrs
Messrs
Todd,
Thos,
Shields,
John,
and
and
Burton
Robt
have
Nelson, &
the Room on the
South-
Carter Burwell have
the
Room on the North- Side the old Dormitory- Stair- CaseResol:
that
Messrs
Eggleston,
Fontaine,
White,
and Clay have
the
Room at the Head of the New Dormitory Stair- Case.
Resol:
that four Loads
of Wood be sent to Mrs Wager who has the Care
of some young Negroes
belonging
to the College.
Josiah Quincy.
OF
MEMOIR
Boston:
April
depends
IIIP
the
large
THE
LIFE
1825)
9th [ 1773
pp.
OF
JOSIAH
QUINCY
garden
Williamsburg] It is
on its
being the
The
declining
before
state.
OF MASSACHUSETTS:
124- 5.
altogether
college,...
JUN.
college
it,
is
makes
of
a
a
place
seat
very
ornament
of
of
no
government,
agreeable
and
trade,
u3e...
and
its
importance
and the place of
appearance,
The college
and
the
is in a Tart'
�210.
BURSAR' S
1770- 1777,
BOOK,
90
p.
Dr
pences
1773
Fol]
April
27
Ditto [ cash]
To
paid
Saunders
Brick
the
his
Layrs
Accot
[£
j
S]
[
[
D]
10
6
80
94
2
11
6
i
May
8
To
p.
IBID.,
Ditto
32
pd
acct
of
Manor
The
for
94
repairs
Drs
Brafferton
Fol]
1773
May
To
IBID.,
Cash
p.
8
for
Saunders
93
paid
The
[£]
S]
[
[
D]
6
31
15
Ti£
S]
[[
D]
S]
[
D]
94
repairs
Dr
Table
Fol]
1773
May. ..
To Ditto [ cash]
10
IBID.,
paid
2
Boxes
The
93
p.
5
94
Candles
Dr
Table
Fol]
1773
[£]
[
Ault ...
12
To
WILLIAM
Ditto
AND
paid
MARY
Candles
Raisins &
August
of
Will
Lady
Rebecca
First
XXIII,
QUARTERLY,
12,
widow
Gooch,
94
Series,
10
5
4
174
1773i
of
Governor
William
Gooch]
as a small token of my Remembrance to the place of his education I
give to William and Mary College in Virginia my Gilt Sacrament Cup and
large
Leather
Case
with
Will
and
Codicil)
Administration ( with
Will
and
Codicil)
in
put
a
Red
and
a
Foll:
Bible
of
Fields
bound
25th February
1st September
in
four
1775.
1810.
[
S]
volumes. .."
Administration (
BURSAR' S
BOOK,
1770-
1777,
p.
granted
granted
93
The
Dr
Table
Fol]
1773
"£]
[
D]
Novr
1111
25
See
To
Ditto
letter
of
paid
Mr.
6 Boxes
Athawes
to
100
Candles
bursar -
July 19,
1775
in
these
15
notes.
17
MG
1
1/ 2
�211.
MARY
WILLIii'; &
260,
Folder
Ms.
Cloathing for the Ingen Boys
1773
4111
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Novr
5th
of
Doz
6.
22
of Green
Yards
24.
3.
Small
Doz.
Yd
1/ 2
6 1/ 2d.
buckles
3.
3.
3.
Do
2.
Pare
of
Mens
4.
Pare
of
Womens
e€-
1/ 2
15. 6
- - - - ...
Shoue
1
1.
1. -
buttons ...
Osnabrugs
of
2. 10.-
2/ 1
Pleans
buttons
Large
1. 7 1/ 2
Shees--
pear
2. 8
buckles . ..
of Knee
4. 6
1/ 6
Hatts
8/
Stockings
1. 4
3. 6
1/ 2d - - - -
10
Stockings - -
Chgd
6-- Pare-
before -
22.
3. 1b. 7
1.
5.-
Dowlass
Yds
3. 7
5.
BURSAR' S
1770- 1777,
BOOK,
90
p.
Dr
Expences
Fol]
1773
T [
[£
S]
[
D]
N
6
Ditto
To
cash]
[
Pale [?]
paid
Iron
20
To
Ditto
23
25
To
Ditto
To
Ditto
IBID.,
paid
paid
paid
Brick
the
Accot
100
Saunders
Mr
repairs
of
Manor
1
114
53
26
2
100
Wray Glazing & c
The
38
100
Accot
Layrs
Mr
32
p.
his
Work
100
Brafferton
3
6
1
-
6
17
[
Fol]
To
23
Cash
S]
6
10
[
D]
-
D.
Smyth,
J.
F.
A
IN
THE
TOUR
Mr Saunders
ET-- [
100
1773
Novr
paid
UNITED
STATES
OF
repairs
London:
AMERICA (
1784),
Vol.
I,
pp.
16- 19
1773]
Williamsburg
between
the
There
view
is
college
All
houses
is
is an inland
one
handsome
terminated
by
of
and
William
the
public
are
of
a
on the highest land about the middle
and is healthy for the climate.
in it, just a mile in length,
where the
James.. .
street
commanding
Mary,
edifices
wood...
town
and
York...
rivers
an
are
object
old
built
each
monastic
of
brick,
way;
the
structure,
Capitol...
at
the
and
other
but the generality
the
end.
of the
. ..
�212.
JOURNAL
OF
THE MEETINGS
OF
COLLEGE...[
1729- 1784],
4111
28th,
Jana
At
a
of
meeting
Order' d -
Purdie &
that a fire Engine
and
be provided
be
to
SOLD
Moratto,
Spanish
and
TURNIP. ]
Topped,
Round
White
Brocoli,
Leaf
Skirret,
Spanish,
and
Early
Common
and
Lettuce
different
Norfolk,
Dutch,
Early
and
of
a
Black.--
Solid
fine
Variety
great
Green
of
and
and
Long
Early Yorkshire,
large
Hollow.-Salmon,
RADISH.]
Red.--
Yellow
Green
Mazagon,
CABBAGE.]
Round
Red
Savoy,
White
and
and
White
Beet,
London
Celery,
Sorts,
all
the
Marrohi' at,
BEANS.]
Red,
and
Cauliflower,
Late
Cresses,
Seed
Kinds,
and
Dutch,
Green,
Early
College,
the
Nonpareil,
England. --
Blossom.—
White
at
the best of their Kinds,
Hotspur,
of
White
Loaf,
Battersea,
Purple
Mary College,
Gardener
WILSON,
Golden
Glory
and
Early Hotspur,
Early Sugar
Windsor,
JAMES
jily
Charlton,
best
EARLIEST,
PASS.]
Short
Wm &
for the Use of the College
which are all fresh and
SEEDS,
Rouncival,
Early
of
GAZETTE
following
Pod,
MARY
1774
Imported,
Just
WILLIAM &
Dixon
VIRGINIA
3 March
OF
1774.
Masters
President, &
the
MASTERS
THE PRESIDENT &
224.
p.
Leek,
Early Carrot,
Spinage
other
Cucumber
Seed,
Seeds,
too
White
Mustard,
Seeds
tedious
to
of
mention.
4110
S
BURSAR'
BOOK,
1770- 1777,
90
p.
Dr
Expences
Fol]
1774
[£.]
[
S]
[
May...
9
To
Do [
llth
To
Do
cash]
paid
a
press
The
32]
p.
Mr
paid
04.
Saunders
for
Books &
of
Manor
for
Wheel
108
3
6
108
Work
papers
7
5
Dr
Brafferton
6
1774
Mar
To
25
the
Table
for
Board
5
103
62
10
108
Indians
35
19
Expences
109]
p.
of
1774
May
17
Ditto [ cash]
To
JOURNAL
OF
COLLEGE. .. [
4111
THE
MEETINGS
1729- 1784]. [
paid
OF
THE
Chairs &
PRESIDENT &
a
Order'
meeting
d -
of President &
that
Mr
Edward
MASTERS
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
?]
June
At
Tables
9th
Masters
Digges
be
1774.
of
Wm &
appointed
Mary College.
Keeper
of
the
Chapel -
Dj
�213.
S
BURSAR'
111/
BOOK,
1770- 1777,
32
p.
of
The Manor
Brafferton
Dr
Fol]
1774...
June
To Ditto [ cash]
11
To Ditto
13
IBID.,
paid
Mr Harwood
The
103
p.
Mr
paid
Saunders
1774
June
17
To
July
21
To
Ditto
IBID.,
paid
Storage
for
[£]
8
By
Miss
Digges
for
Sundry
pieces
IBID.,
Cash
To
paid
Expences
[
To Ditto [ cash]
27
paid
112
p.
New
mak& Shirts &
Table
[£]
IBID.,
John
Norton &
[
per]
Journals
To
Ditto [ cash]
[
D]
9
s]
[ D]
5
4
T£]
205
[
8]
[
D]
8 1/ 4
14
Dr
Fol]
1774
8
[
13
T£]
35
Expences
109
p.
as
S]
Dr
Building
Sons
[
5
Fol]
To
6
Clos
1774
8
D]
15
25
111
IBID.,
[
Dr
1Fol]
1774
Septr
6
s]
108
Cooperage
109
p.
D]
Dr
Fol]
Aug 30
1/ 2
2
63
of Linen
Expences
109
p.
[
15
3
Cr
£]
1774
Novr
S]
[
Fol]
IBID.,
Nov.
7
108
Candles
1774
IIIII
32
.
108
Candles
Contra
Augt
.
12
D]
Expences
109
p.
Mr Ingram
paid
18
07
[
Dr
Table
Fol]
Ditto [ cash]
[
79
108
Bricklayr
S]
[£]
108
repairs
T£ il [
S]
[
D]
paid Harwood Brick Layr per
accot
111
29
6
3
4111
IBID.,
John
p. 35
Norton
Esu &
Son
Crs
Contra
Fol]
1774
Nov 9
By
New
Building
as
per
Journl
164- 11- 9
112
[£]
[
205
S]
14
[
D]
8
1/ 4
�214.
Emmanuel
Jones,
PAPERS -
VIRGINIA
Vol.
Collection,
Chalmers
3.
April
At
a
of
meeting
Professors
3, 1775.
William and Mary
of
President,
President &
the
Mr.
College,
Present.
Rev. &
The
HENLEY,
Whereas
we have
JONES,
Mr.
DIXON,
Mr.
MADISON,
Mr.
GWATKIN, &
Mr.
CAMM,
JOHN
Honble
received
from
the Bursar
the disagreeable
news
that his
Excellency Lord Dunmore entertains thoughts of resigning his office of a
Visitor
and
Governor
Resolved
of the
College.
President
the
that
unanimously,
and
GWATKIN
Mr.
do
wait
upon
his Lordship to thank him most cordially for his past favors to the College,
and most humbly to request that he will continue to act as a Visitor and
of
Governor
the
and
College,
to
afford
his
Protection
to
the
President
and
Professors as far as they shall appear to him to deserve his Countenance.
By order of the
Emmanuel
1770- 1777,
BOOK,
BURSAR' S
p.
Society
Clk.
Jones,
113
The
Dr
Table
Fol ]
1775
1
May
p.
Do
paid.. .
S]
[
[
D]
4. 16. 3
Candles £
The
32]
[£]
Manor
of
Dr
Brafferton
1775
Mar
JOURNAL
Table
board
To
25
the
OF
THE MEETINGS
1729- 1784],
p.
5
OF
a
of
meeting
the
OF
WILLIAM &
10
MARY
-
COLLEGE
229
May
At
MASTERS
PRESIDENT &
THE
62
113
Indians
17th,
1775.
Professors
President &
of
Wm &
Mary College,
This day the Society were called together to make Enquiry concerning
the noise made last night by repeatedly beating Mr Gwatkin' s Door in so
violent a manner as to give just Cause for apprehending that the Author or
Authors
of
this
Disorder
intended
to
break
into
this
Professor'
s
Bed- chamber
and do farther mischief.
that all the Arms which can be found in the College be immediately
Order' d taken
into
Only
been
the
One
seen
Possession
Gun and
the
night
One
of
Sword
the
Professors.
were
hereupon
found,
tho
several
Muskets
before.
10111
BURSAR' S
BOOK,
1770- 1777,
p.
109
Dr
Expences
Fol]
1775
May
12
To
Ditto [ cash]
paid
planes &
oznabriggs
115
[£]
4
S]
[
-
[
-
D]
had
�215.
June
To
3
Ditto
OF
a
receipt
book [ per]
Blank
THE MEETINGS
paid
1
115
-
-
1111
JOURNAL
COLLEGE ...[
OF
p.
1729- 1784],
MASTERS
PRESIDENT &
THE
OF WILLIAM
AND
LiARY
232
18th [ 1775]
May
Whereas it appeared in the course of our Enquiry that the Wicket- Door
after having been locked at 9 oClock by the Janitor has been several times
opened,
and left open for the remainder of the night by unknown hands, Order' d that the Locks be changed, that for half a year to come no
not even a Professor have the continual keeping of
person but the Janitor,
a
that when a Professor wants a Key,
he apply to the
Key of the said Door, Janitor
for it, &
return
it to him the next morning. that if any other
have
occasion
for a Key, he do not have one without the knowledge &
person
assistance
of a Professor,
nor for more than one Evening at a time.
WILLIAM &
Photostat
Vol.
at
XV ( 1877),
From
A
of pages
William &
A
on
of
the
principal
with
the
a
greatest
and
in
best
in
writers
large
masters;
the
the
many
of
of
private
of
Sir
in
Samuel
Henley.]
Henley,
Clerk,
Professor
and
scarce
French,
Italian,
engravings,
which
valuable
editions
of the Greek and Roman
were
a
papers;
and
English
and
etchings,
and
proofs,
valuable
the
many
languages.
mezzotints,
rest
picture,
(
classics,
and
choice
very
tables,
table,
apartments,
bed, &
consisting
bureaus,
chairs,
15
Entrance
twelve
of
to
Annually,
Inquiry
9 oClock at
Ibid.
regarding
night
some
without
is
students
Leave"-
the
0
0
0
125
0
0
12
12
0
6
0
library
Statutes
"
and
ls.
Od.
not
Professor,
at £ 1
0
6
desk,
c.
the
0
of mahogany
bookcases,
pupils,
according
to
of the College, £ 1
pupils
0
with
To which the annual loss of the following articles:
Salary for reading public lectures as Professor of
Moral
Philosophy, per an - - - From
0
80
together
whisky and harness,
furniture and saddle- horses
of
d.
Philip Sidney) - - - - £
good
Furniture
s.
0
440
A
im-
a most
350
drawing
of
Virginia.
of
of
1775.]
Lay,
Samuel
by
Historical Society,
Henley, Professor
Samuel
Rev.
Rev.
bindings)
collection
( Exclusive
pressions.
beautiful original
of
consisting
the
the
Virginia
College,
Mary
books,
of
sustained
Losses
the
and
left
who
105- B
of Massachusetts
Sketch
a
Handwriting
William
paper,
Together
the
of
in
collection
large
and
by
in
Specification
From
College,
Mary
Folder
from Proceedings
235.
p.
Document
Philosophy
PAPERS.
COLLEGE
MARY
less
Od.
each - - -
each
than
six
spending Time at a Tavern after
subsequent
behavior
towards
Ivir.
uwatkin.
�216.
for
Allowed
in
officiating
Rent
of
Full
commons,
apartments
with
the
rated
as
chapel, £ 10
college
by
College, £ 10
the
such
privileges,
friends,
keeping of
as
other
10
currency - - -
right
to
0
0
10
currency - -
0
0
enter-
allowed
servant
A
JOURNAL
OF
College,
by
OF
THE MEETINGS
COLLEGE...[
1729- 1784],
Innis,
John
White,
Granville
Maria
To
Mary
Honble &
humble
Petition
2d.
That
in
be
too
Art:
that
4th.
Hall
of
27th,
May
Evans,
1775.
Complts
)
the
Madison
Students
Table
John
of
Professors
Ushers &
scarce &
Jones,
Emmanuel
Commissary,
were
of
part
That
she
has
the
College
of
the
the
sd
at the very
intolerable,
the
Keys
seen
to
in the Laundrey
Digges'
Miss
Stores,
been
have
is
College
public
intrusted
which
since
of
the
they
That the Losses
7th
MARY
is
a
Dixon,
of
College
tine that
Fact
too
Samuel
William
Sheweth,
the
notorious
Her Partiality to her Brother in indulging him in all the
has
to
Art:
Thomas
James
Conveniencies
he
WILLIAM &
Eggleston,)
she has kept a sumptuous
the
d --
deny'
Delicacies &
0
Monroe.
the
Revd
Gwatkin &
Provisions
18
Deft
Thomas
The
to
James
College,
Digges
the
Henley,
Mary.
Art:
and
OF
MASTERS
PRESIDENT &
Joseph
Steptoe,
William
Smith,
0
233- 245
pp.
Yates,
William
0
0
stabling, & c
value
THE
William &
James
0
10
horses,
40
213
tain
s
Management,
well
such
of
the
have
known.---
as
It
can
be
proved
the
Slaves
Candles.
Store-
free
Room
to
Ingress &
Egress.
have been particularly great
and for which no Remedy can be
obtained.
After
for
Copy
to
hear
taken
what
down
Mr.
Art:
2d
Does
was
the
but
supposes
a
into
Miss
the
Ushers &
3d
know
it
of
whether
the
was.
Has
of Dishes
Digges'
Has
a Negro- Boy
4th . ..
Art:
the
above
Students
Support
own
s
seen
Allegations,
should
thereof.
Words,
the
President
be severally sent
The following is a true
Vizt
Mr. Yates -
it
College,
frequently
carry' d
Room.
Carry' d to
Lafong' s more than a Year ago by
Art:
of
Innis.
not
Variety
Consideration
that
they had to say in
immediately in their
provision
seen
41110
mature
agreed
Professors
Meat
2d To the first part says nothingHeard a Negroe- Boy ask for
for
Candles
Woman
for
Ned
answer'
d,
A
Digges.
One would do
him.
3d Says Nothing.
4th
Has
entrusted
seen
to
the
Keys
Negroes
frequently.
�217.
6th
Art:
part.
4111
Says
To
Servants
nothing to
latter part
the
the
6th
first
that
affirms
Miss Digges
him
amiss
in
once treated
the
Passage.
cannot be had to clean his
Rooms.. .
Art
7th
Affirms
he
Lows,
such
siderable
has
received
Shirts,
as
7th
Says Nothing.
8th
con-
The
Stocks
c
Art:
8th
Has
received
frequent
ages
from
the
Boys
Tea &
seen
John
Waddell &
for
MessHas
c
little
Boys
have
frequently sent to Mr Innis
Robt Randolph
himself
for Tea .
neglected a Year ago
B
3
238
p.
Mr Eggleston.
Art:
of
2d
Has
but
not
seen
a
in Miss
Dishes
Mr
2d
great Variety
Digges'
Has nothing to say to Miss
Digges' s keeping a sumptuous
Room
s
White.
lately.
Table:
but
her
Dinners
been
Art:
9th
this
Article,
the
Knows
hall
ed him
except
after
with
that
Dinner,
Mrs
have
been
bad:
into
has
has [
sicj
treat-
coming
Smith
good,
to
relative
nothing
And
that he himself
Indecency...
out
same
nothing
have
when the Hall- Dinners
of
Sas
Ned
Suppers &
Digges
Dinners.
has had
College
Rules:
the
knows
more.
3d Saw a Girl go to Miss Digges' s
House
with something
cover' d.
4th
Has seen Slaves go into the
Store Room frequently.
404
3 C
Mr
Art:
2d
carried
Has
whether
The
Boys
meat
quently
seen
sumptuous
Digges'
by
have
than
Mr
Miss
into
not
Steptoe.
any
dined
hid
Ned
2d
Dinners
Room,
Professor'
lately
formerly.
s
more
s
knows
Digges
greater
better
has
Has seen better Meat go
into Miss Digges' s Room cc in
Order.
and
nth.
about
fre-
Variety.
the
of this
second &
Knows nothing
third Parts
Article.
in Miss Digges' s Room as he
conjectures from not seeing him in the
Knows nothing of his having any
Hall.
Publick- Stores
Art:
3d
...
Art:
4th
Has
or Candles...
Store- Room.
3d
Saw Mrs
of Bacon.
seen
Servants
in the
Good with a Middling
�218.
OF
JOURNAL
MEETINGS
THE
1729- 1784],
COLLEGE. ..[
111
MASTERS
THE PRESIDENT &
OF
27th,
May
Mr
Reverend
Honble &
Madison,
Mr
Henley,
s Answer.
Jones,
Tar
Commissary/,-
the
of
Professors
MARY
1775]
Digges'
Mr.
the
wILLIA M &
241- 247
pp.
Maria
To
OF
the
Dixon,
of
College
William &
Mr
Gwatkin,
Mary.
2dly With regard to this Article contain' d in the Bill of Complaint
she the said Defendant denys she did ever at any time keep any table she
apprehended or believ' d to be contrary to the rules of the said College;
but
doth
admit
the
Wife
of
Page
and
that
a few more
this Defendant
upon
cold
And
this
meat
affirms
the
of
for
that
at his
to
the
the
at
said
Wife
Dinner
College
of
at
the
the
that she has frequently
sent
declares
came
Nelson,
Character
sometimes
Reverend
for his private
she
Thomas
Ladies
Candles
that
first
doth declare
and
Defendant
with
Digges
when
Honourable
the
own
her
out
furnish'
hath
she
d
and
expence,
proper
Gwatkin
Thos
Dinners
has
dined
him
d
did
College
of
John
expence:
Hall;...
brother
her
him
entertain
in her room
the
knows,
she
furnish'
she
Honourable
and
also
r3ward
positively
with
Candles
Studies.
5thly... And this Defendant does insist she has always endeavour' d to keep
the rooms of the Complainants in decent and proper order. ..
bthly
This Defendant doth insist that no more losses happen in the Laundry
than may reasonably be expected in so publick a place except by the neglect
of the Gentlemen' s sending their cloaths in due time....
8thly
This
always
did
she
begs
The
Right
says,
"
leave
time,
was
Chickens,
following
The
Right
The
Revd
Milk,
Honourable
Mrs
the
testimonies
Fincastle
last
and when Phoebe
into
that
not
Charlotte
Gwatkin,
The
Mrs
all
the
Mrs
On the contrary
of MLMr.
that
Smith,
who
well.".. .
find this Defendant
Devit was sick at the same
the Store
Tea,
room. ..
several
Geese
Turkies,
Shelldrakes & c
and
from
Dunmore,
presents
Sugar,
Coffee,
Articles
of
Samuel
Revd
Graves,
sick.
for the truth of which
Revd Thomas Gwatkin.
she has received
said
Countess
the
also
very
consisting of Wine,
Eggs,
Pickles,
Ducks
but
Harris,
of
as
sickness
declares
the
them;
serve
of approv' d fidelity
Persons,
Thomas
to
power
sick,
when
neglected
ever
Lord
in his
Amount,
Butter,
Kemp,
to
this Defendant
the
Mrs
has
considerable
a
she
her
George
treated
she
in
appeal
sent a Negroe
9thly... And
to
to
Honourable
he
denies
thing
every
that
admits
Defendant
each
George
Lord
Mrs
C7mm,
Mrs
Henley,
Eggleston
of
Dandridge
Mrs
from
them,
Vizt
Fincastle,
Burwell,
and
others;
a great Part of which she has apply' d to the use of the said College...
And
lastly
other
Candles
any
rests
Defendant
a.
s
upon
farther,
thing
Name:
the
Students, -
and
that
his
saith,
her
to
the
than
his
she hath given
Brother;
Evidence
that
he
Candles,
of Mr
Yates,
heard
a Negroe
The Defendant declares
is
pp.
the
Indulgences
who does ilot pretend
ask
Sign' d
Supplement,
same
to the
for two
in Ned
to assert
Digges'
with
same
that
Maria
Digges.
that the Butcher' s Meat she eats,
in
the
hall,
Sign' d
Maria
247- 9
May
Thomas
Gwatkin,
s
and Mr Yates' s were lodg' d in the common
Storeroom...
IBID.,
the
and that the Charge of giving him
Clerk,
27,
1775]
Professor
of
Humanity
in
the
College
of
Digges.
�219.
William and Mary is ready to make Oathib the following Particulars.
Vizt
That
frugal
very
Mutton
a
or
Table,
oftener,
Chop,
in
or
a.
sic]
reasonably [
Maria
Digges
often
or
dining
Beef
a
better
d
cold
to
of
and
that
than
the
late
in her
Person
a
the
or
Meat;
Steake;
manner
allow'
housekeeper
upon
said
Meat
College
out
of
keeps
the
a
Hall,
she does not entertain Company
Garrett,
or what mny
Mrs
Station...
that
Miss
Digges
has frequently sent the said Mr Innis Wine to put into his Victuals when
sick,
and
lieves,
the
and
Wine
three
College
Water,
Chickens
and
mull' d
Wine,
and has heard and verily beand that the said Thos Gwatkin hath given
Tea,
Quantities of Coffee,
and some Wine to endemnify
day...
a
considerable
the College from any expence which might arise from any favour she might
shew
to
acts
with
the
said
Edward.
And
he
to
Impartiality
great
believe,
does
Ushers -
the
and is perswaded
Students
and
and
the said Maria
Boys,
giving
them Supper ecc out of College rules when there be any spare Victuals in
larger Quantities and better than what she gives the said Edward. th t he was present when the Dispute happen' d between the said Maria and
Mr Yates
in
the
Passage; ...
the
of
the
Storeroom,
Keys
that
Account.--
that
he
that the Negroes
and
has
that
been
the
are not often
College
inform' d,
has
entrusted
receiv' d
no
and upon his Conscience
believes
that if the young Gentlemen
have receiv' d any abusive
from Mirs
Smith,
going
it
from
arises
their
loss
into
the
Hall,
with
on
verily
Language
Kitchen &
c
and
quarrelling with her for things not allow' d by the College.
Sign' d,
Thomas
Gwatkin.
i
Dixon &
Hunter
VIRGINIA
GAZETTE,
27 May 1775
WILLIAMSBURG,
Monday
last,
an
ounce,
the
others
of
violence
in
with
accompanied
the
afternoon,
hail
an
of
a
ounce.
hail-
on
came
prodigious
May 27.
a
heavy shower of rain from the N.
some weighing upwards of half
Great damage is done to the windows
stones,
W.
size,
and particularly
by the
to those of the Palace
and
College...
BURSAR'
BOOK,
S
1770- 1777,
p.
32
The
of
Manor
Brafferton
1775
July
4110
Dr
Fol]
8
To
Ditto [ cash]
paid
Mr
Saunders
[ i]
p.
109
115
[£]
Expences
1775
[ S]
3
Fol]
IBID.,
repairs
[
D]
7
Dr
[
S]
[
D]
July
8
To
Ditto [ cash]
paid Mr Saunders his Accot of
repairs
115
30
12
9
�220.
WILLIAM &
MARY
of
Letter
COLLEGE
Samuel
lst : series,
QUARTERLY. ..
to
Athawes
Robert
SLondon
Dear
Vol.
Miller,
XX,
210
p.
of
Bursar
Wm. &
Mary College]
19th July 1775.
Sir:
I
am
acquaint
to
now
that
you
Gilt
the
Sacrament
Patten
Cup &
together with the Bible which was left by Lady Gooch to the College of
Wm. &
Mary
are
in
now
my Possession &
when the Times will safely permit
they shall be sent to you a6 bursar of that Seminary. *
S
BURSAR'
BOOK,
1770- 1777,
113
p.
The
Table
2
Groce
Dr
1775
Fol] [ F] [
Augt
To
9
Dixon &
Hunter,
Tuesday
a
last
sermon
two
the
August
( the
19,
15th
President,
in
the
being
Boxes
9
122
candles
4
S][ D]
-
the anniversary of the Transfer
chapel,
by the Rev. Mr. Bracken;
college
and
Masters
adjudged
the
day
ascended
medals
Bottles & 2
1775
instant)
preached
was
the
afterwards
paid
eds.
GAZETTE,
VIRGINIA
Day,
Ditto [ cash]
the
rostrum,
convened
scholars,
before...
in
hall,
the
when
were delivered to those young
Gentlemen.. .
Evans
Mr.
of
the
then
founders
JOURNAL
1729- 1784],
held
Meeting
a
Order' d found
on
OF
PRESIDENT &
THE
a Latin
oration
in praise
MASTERS
OF
Septr
14th,
WIILLIAM &
MARY
256- 7
p.
Brafferton
at
and pronounced
. . .
Thursday
on
1775.
that if a Pane of Glass shall appear to be designedly broken
limits
the
within
benefactors.
THE MEETINGS
OF
COLLEGE. .. [
At
and
the
be
allow'
or
delinquents,
d
of
to
the
the
of
Walls
College,
Grammar
shall
be
orany writing
College.
the
school
or other
that no holyday
for
Month,
and
discover' d,
one
in
unless
that
defacement
excepted
the
he,
case
the
be
stated
ones
delinquent,
or they only who
have been guilty are to be punish' d.
Among the college letters is one from Samuel Athawes to the president
and
of
July 20, 1775, in which they are
tocustody
gilt sacrament
Cup and Patten,
gether with the Bible which was left by Lady Gooch to the College of William
masters
informed
and
Mary,
the
Bursar
Rebecca,
when
John
communion
The
and
college,
that
daughter
Bracken,
of
in
has
which,
of
when
under
William
rector
the
the
Seminary."
of
of
times
Bruton
the
Revolution,
Mary College
Quarterly,
after
will
permit,
Now Lady Gooch,
Stanton,
Esq.; and
college
plate
of
date
his
the
college,
William &
the
" he
that
was
parish,
kept
with
ceased
1st
will
of
there
became
that
to be a
series,
he
wife
Vol.
send
the
church
VI,
Gooch,
to
was
can be little doubt that,
president
of
addressed
Governor
p.
of
the
parish,
college.
40
and
college,
so
the
continued.
�221.
IBID.,
258- 61
pp.
111
At
of
meeting
a
into " a
Inquiry
between
of
Wm &
Mary College, . . .
fray" which occurred on Monday Evening 30th October
the
Christian of the one part , and Mr Wilson,
Dade &
Messrs
gardner,
of
Professors
President &
the
1775.
1st,
November
the
other.]
A little after twelve o' clock on the Day following namely 31st
before
October,
Dade &
held,
Clubs,
Sticks &
of
Meeting
a
the Masters
was,
or could
be
conveniently
Christian with a Number of other Boys fell upon Wilson with
and
beat
him
cruelly.
The Master' s met in the Evening of the same Day 31st of Octr
what
heard
the
the Gardener
Gentlemen &
young
had to say against
each
other.
It appear' d that a certain House belonging to the College had been
several
times
committed,
the
of
30th of
from
Plank
and
that
taking,
In
stealing
heat of their
to
he
had
had
the
his
taken
once,
Plank;
the
They
denied
Wilson
knowing
d Wilson
it.
had
that
seiz'
of his
Boys
the
this
up
Boys
the
with
came
Altercation,
him
hand
or
Plank.
Well. . The
the
convince
in
All
met,
he
hereof; & Dade
advantage
Well,
c and other ravages
of the
same kind
that they drop' d the Plank on seeing Wilson; -
House; -
said
after,
soon
from
taken
411/
the
or
the
Boards &
occasion' d Wilson to watch for an Opportunity of detecting
and that he did a little before eight o' clock in the Evening
October catch Dade & Christian in the Act of carrying of a
Offenders;
the
of
stripped
which
by
it
the
did
accus' d them of
&
told
asserted
Wilson. . .
Error.
same,
He
not
that
the
come
from
Collar,. ..
struck
them, "
they lied."
Plank
was
took
thence,
to drag him to the
Dade
with
a Stick
that
or twice, . . .
also that they
acknowledg' d before the Masters, &
but from the House above
not indeed from the Well,
mentioned.
The
both Sides agreed
are what
particulars
before he struck Dade,
Dade had press'
above
But
in;
Wilson
d him against the
Pails and threaten' d to pink him which the Boys denied.
alledg'
d,
BURSAR'
S
that
1770- 1777,
BOOK,
p.
109
Dr
Expences
[ E]
Fol]
1775
[
S]
[
D]
Decemr
To
15
Alexander
VIRGINIA
cash]
Ditto [
paid
Scales &
a
1
10
-
Purdie
December
GAZETTE,
22,
1775.
WILLIAMSBURG,
TAKEN
122
wts
out
the
morning,
the
hinder
of
a
mathematical
the
large
part,
blue
under
room
of
cloak
the
cape,
at
Bath
thus)
the
college,
coating,.
T. L. L. the
22,
Dec.
The
1775
day this week, in
said cloak was marked on
some
first
two
letters
in a piece.
This will enable the person who, may have taken it for his own to discover his
mistake,
ten
and
shillings
to
return
will
it
to
be given
the
to
owner,
the
who
person
lodges
who
at ors.
produces
it,
VOBE'
and
S.
no
If required,
questions
asked.
�222.
S
BURSAR'
1770- 1777,
BOOK,
126
p.
Cr
Balance
Amount
of Debits
brought
from the other
Side
Foil
1776.
IBID.,
205
The
of
Manor
Dr
Brafferton
S
To
25
as
IBID.,
Board
of
of
Manor
-
5 Indians
46
123
Journal
per
The
32
p.
for
Table,
the
Di
11
Fol.]
Mar
8 1/ 4
14
32
p.
1776
[ Di
[ Si
[£]
112
Building
New
25 [ To]
Mar.
2
Dr
Brafferton
Fol]
[£]
S]
[
Di
[
1776
April
Work
of
Acct
his
for
Saunders,
John
To
13
9
2
27
5
COLLECTIONS OF THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1871.
Charles Lee. . . 1' cl. 1,
1754- 1776."]
The papers of Major- General
New
for
Printed
York:
1872,
Society,
the
436- 437.
pp.
To Doctor
Alexander
Skinner.
April 21st 1776.
Smithfield,
Sir,
You
desire
sick
are
is
as
upon
after having communicated
at Williamsburg (
your arrival
to clear as
General Lewis)
much
Brigadier
to
if
necessary:
a
is
part
not
sufficient,
my
of the College for the
the whole must be taken;
but to put the Gentlemen who at present occupy any of the apartments to as
as
little inconvenience
possible, you are to apprize them four days before
you
in
take
their
Mr.
possession.
Public
orders
reception
as
acting
and
Lindsey who Brigadier Lewis is desired, to announce
Purveyor,
is to' prepare every thing necessary for
provision.
Charles
To
Doctor
IBID.,
Lee
Skinner.
A.
437
p.
Major-
General
C.
Lee
to
John
Page.]
Smithfield,
P. S.]
Gl.
to
Lewis
clear
send
to
the
up
College
the
all
for
a
sick
from
hospital,
it
Suffolk,
is
the
I have
iaost
21st
1776.
requested
commodious
and I think when so commodious a place is ready to our hands to pur-
place,
chase
intended
I
As
April
or
it will
rent
be
would
approved
be
of.
a
wanton
expense
on
the
Continent.
I flatter
myself
�223.
IBID.,
451- 452
p.
From Edmund Pendleton
to Major- General
Charles Lee]
Williamsburg April 25th 1776.
r
Sir,
we
also
on mature consideration
have resolved to use the College for
however as we wish to continue on terms of the most cordial
Hospital;
an
Friendship with you,
or
jealousy between
and that no occasions
Sir,
and
civil
the
may be given for uneasiness
we feel
in this Colony,
powers
military
it an indispensable duty to mention that your quartering Soldiers in the
College & ordering it to be prepared for an Hospital without our previous
which
consent
proper
been
have
might
easily
obtained,
was,
Andrew
Gen.
Lewis
to
Charles
Williamsburg,
The
College
be
shall
prepared
announced
is
making
Lindsey
the necessary
IBID.,
pp.
im-
Leej
April
26th
1776.
acting
for
the
to
the
sick.
Mr
and
will
be
John
Page
to Major- General
Leej
April ye 28th 1776.
Sir,
we [
a
that
answering
where
our youth
from
ourselves
the
as
College
and
into
there
Barracks
or
a
seems
be
no
to
in opinion
Hospital.
one
house
about the propriety
It
is
in
town
true,
it
capable
is
a
of
but as the College is the only place in the Country
can be tolerably educated it seems highly improper to debar
purpose,
that
President &
private
invaluable
Professors,
advantage,
and
indeed
as
it
is
the
freehold
we fear it will look like a violation
of
and induce
property,
the Building with the
should
that
the
building,
commodious
are pretty much divided
committee]
converting
on,
the
Hospital,
455- 457
Wmsburg,
Dear
of
reception
Purveyor
provision...
From
be
an
General,
William
of
opinion,
452- 453
p.
From
of
our
step.. .
IBID.,
Er
in
an
accident
an apprehension of military encroachments thereLibrary & Philosophical apparatus i, so valuable
happen by fire, the expence to the Continent would
incurred.
I would
theregreat & might appear unnecessarily
to you Sir to have the sick soldiers lodged in the public
Madhouse.. .
These are my reasons and not the opinion of the
exceedingly
fore
recommend
Hospital
or
Committee.
April
25th
Since writing the above the Committee have agreed to an answer
in which they acknowledge the Necessity of taking the College
your
for an Hospital.
You will excuse my opinion on that head as it proceeded
from my partiality
to the place of my Education,
and from a desire to give
you a hint as a friend that the steps you had taken had alarmed many people -to
but
Letter,
I
hope
the
concurrence
of
the
Committee
will
remove
their
apprehensions.
�224.
Hunter
Dixon &
1776
1,
June
GAZETTE,
VIRGINIA
11111
THE
Students,
Professors,
the
opened
be
will
Schools
whitewashed,
and
the
it
THE PROCEEDINGS
June
Saturday,
the
Trinity
that
the
and
and
JONES,
OF DELEGATES
the
several
namely on Monday
HELD AT THE CAPITOL...
had
the
of
accordingly
to be physician
accompanied
them
to
the
and
wounded
the
said
William
doctor
committee,
sick
made
the
and director- general
that
the
that,
washed.,
white-
expected
are
large
and
damaged
from
in
adapted
an hospital
JOURNAL
OF
the
all
studies
and
apparatus
on
in
it,
ruined; ...
palace,
and
opinion
without
any
of
next...
scholars,
that
who
there
are
a
which might probably be
totally
the
of
not
necessary for invalids;
been lately repaired,
reception
Monday
it will
therein,
expense,
perhaps
respects,
MEETINGS
THE
OF
THE
pp.
of
meeting
Whereas
of
to the continen-
palace,
of
that
it
doctor
alterations
of
also
appeared,
that
Rickman,
for
consequence,
...
1729- 1784.]
a
their
library
removal,
the
a
to
return
valuable
in
at
very considerable
for the
cleaned,
thoroughly
and
to
examination
is
has,
college
re-
and other places,
has room enough for the purpose
college,
though the college
yet, by reason of the many partitions
of that thorough passage of air so absolutely
he advised,
soldiers,
inquiry; and that,
lately appointed
Rickman,
hospital,
admit
Clk.
51
p.
accommodation
Congress
hospital,
tal
1816),
committee
of
instance
the
by the General
At
be
Reception
from the committee appointed to inquire for a proper hospital
reception
ported,
it
and
Terra,
will
the
1776.
15,
Starke,
Mr.
for
OF THE CONVENTION
Richmond:
Williamsburg (
an
for
17th of next month.
EMMANUEL
at
fit
Servants;
and
of
Beginning
and
cleaned,
render
to
Scholars,
Grammar
at
lately
been
MARY has
WILLIAM &
plastered
immediately
of
of
College
1776]
1,
June
WILLIAM &
OF
MARY
COLLEGE
has
an Enquiry
Masters
of
the
College
June
25th,
1776.
to this meeting that Mr Fmmanuel Jones
No
5. the property of the
President &
Masters as a publick body out of their Store- house in the College
to his own Plantation in Gloster under the mistaken notion that any one of
the Professors is at liberty to borrow out of this Storehouse what Goods or
Master
senr
upon
President &
MASTERS
262- 3
the
PRESIDENT &
remov'
d
it appears
one
Cask
of Nails
Chattels he pleases without consulting the Proprietors thereof; . ..
Agreed Nails
same
the
of
that the Society
such
sorts
specifying
present, &
ordinary Uses,
Information.
as
he
lend out to each person
chuses,
present
10 the
giving to the Steward a Rect for the
Quality, provided that the new building be d rop' d for
the College be not left without a sufficient quantity for
in which point we depend upon the Undertaker Mr Saunders for
the
�1/ 1!
225.
BURSAR' S
1770- 1777,
BOOK,
124
p.
Expenses
1776
Contra
Cr
Fol]
Augst
15 -
Cash,
By
Col.
for
1
Buckner
Cask
had
imported
for
the
MARY
Use
of
PAPERS,
Correspondence
Life &
Folder
from
letter
a
of
the
Rev.
Madison
D.
The
End,
an
be
may
to
ye
many
of
proper
had
resolved
in
difficulties
but
me
a
Sketch
a
without
Plan,
to
of
beg
Country,
with
weighed
are
is
Assembly
approaching
ye
that
ye
way.
to
25,
model
knowing
from
567.]
p.
COLLEGE,
VIRGINIA,
College.
They wd fain
and I wish ye Means to obtain so desirable
which
attention
But there
they deserve.
Not only,
perhaps ye want of a Revenue,
wd
as
you,
if
our
this
suit
it
be
as many here are fond
scarcely what it is...
your'
D.,
1776.
new-
one
especially
Favour of
MARY
Sept.
it beneficial
-
Smith,
Dr.
to
Smith,
William
WILLIAM &
have
10
13
107.
James
Rev.
D]
the
125
COLLEGE
of
Photostat
ST [
[
Nails
Country
WILLIAM &
[£]
I
country the best.
too troublesome
to send
not
of putting
s,
JAMES
this
upon
your Plan,
MADISON.
1110
BURSAR' S
1770- 1777,
BOOK,
124
p.
Expenses
Dr
1776
Fol]
Novr
20
Do [ cash]
To
Order
to
MARY
WILLIAM &
COLLEGE
From minutes
November
procession
and
Interr' d,
returned
then
Va,___
the
Gen.
ORDERLY
H.
Al
125
Series,
Vol.
XXV,
p.
152
Brother
met and agreed
Peyton
Colledge
the
Randolph
Chappel,
on
the
form of the
Grand Master
after
the
of Virginia,
corps
was
Lodge.. .
a(.
0 - l`
1LAd
.-,» . ,-
f
Wynne,
was
of
Government,
in
a
declining
1776.
WILLIAMSBURG,
Documents
from
the
Old
Dominion,
No.
I,
pp.
vi- vii.
compiler
Williamsburg,
Virginia,
5
D]
Andrew
BOOK
Historical
1st
Present...
to
1
[
Lodge of Masons.]
776- ('
26, /
Lewis,
Thos.
repaired
to
Clocks
QUARTERLY . ..
26, 5776 [ 1776].
of our late worthy
[S]
by Presidt' s
repairing
of Williamsburg
Deceased,
4110
to Hokeeper
for
pay
[ f]
where
without
and
of
the
troops
trade,
the
condition.. .
were
quartered,
the
ancient
Capitol
of
and owed its importance tq its being the Seat
venerable
College
of
William &
Mary,
at
this
time
�226.
THE
NORTH- AMERICAN
DESCRIPTION
411/
London:
AND
OF THE
1776)
Williamsburgh.. .
THE
WEST- INDIAN
COLONIES
200
above
contains
GAZETTEER,
AND ISLIiNDS
IN THAT
houses, . . .
CONMINING AN AUTHENTIC
PART
Here
OF THE
GLOBE. . .
is an academy
or college,
towards endowing of which king William and queen Mary gave 200,08 and
20, 000 acres of landr with the duty one penny per pound on all tobacco
exported.
The
college
contrived
and
nicely
W.
of London.
V.
A.
burnt
was
adorned,
down:
but it has been
being not altogether
since
unlike
rebuilt,
Chelsea
college,
Young
HISTORY OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA
1776.
London:
However,
in
America.
Vol.
in
The
I pp.
town [
this
Williamsburg]
are the best public buildings
one hundred and thirty- five feet long in front,
college,
Chelsea
resembling
end,
of the design
199- 200
hospital;
the
of
street,
a
noble
c :.
pital directly
not
unlike
facing
the
it,
college
at
the
in the
other
fashion
and the size of the building...
VIRGINIA
MAGAZINE
From
1
OF HISTORY,
Executive
Vol.
Communications
XXX ( 1922),
1777 -
Dept.
389
p.
of Archives,
Va.
State
Library.]
t
The Committee> appointed
to inquire
reception and accommodation
ly
made
At
the
the
said
for a proper Hospital
inquiry.. . and come to a Resolution
instance
for the
of the Sick and wounded Soldiers have accordingthereupon.
of
Director
General
to
College,
Palace,
your Committee Doctor William Rickman. . . Physician &
The Continental
Hospital,
accompanied them to the
and
other
and
places
he
advised
that
tho'
the
College
has
room enough for the purpose of an Hospital yet by reason of the many partitions therein it will not admit of that thorough passage of Air so
absolutely
necessary
for
invalids.
And your Committee beg leave to repre-
sent that the College has at a very considerable expense been lately repaired,
white washed and thoroughly
cleaned for the reception
of Scholars
who are expected to return to their Studies on Monday next at which time
the vacation ceases,
that there are a large and valuable Library and
Apparatus
in
it
which
totally ruined.
might
probably
be
damaged
in
the
removal,
perhaps
. ..
See page 224 preceding for this same report of Committee taken from
Proceedings
of the
Convention
of
Delegates
under
date
of June
15,
1776.
�226- a
HAZARD'
EBENEZER
S
JOURNEY
TO
SOUTH= [
THE
Ms.
Journal,
1777
in Pennsylvania Historical Society]
Photostat
of portion-
Dept.
Research
CWI)
May 1777]
Breakfasted
31st
the
College,
first
is
high,
has
two
School;
Wings &
brick
this
the
contrived &
badly
Story
at Williamsburgh...
Mad- House,
the
dormer
House,
for
by
At
the
Principal
the
of
Inside
Windows.
one
built
was
the
The
Palace &
Capitol,
it
is
each
of
the
are
of Brick.
The
it is 22 Stories
shabby;
End
East
Front
is
a
the other is for an Indian
President,
Contributions
voluntary
Buildings
all
in
England,
and
is
supported by the Produce of some Lands there which have been set apart
for
that
The
with
Wings
Gravel
Walks,
the
the
West
one
on
are
from
reaches
At this Front of the College is a large
Purpose.
ornamented
to
Pillars:
opposite
Garden: -
there
to
an
the
present
Troubles;-
for
the
of
Addition
Use
North
the
Randolph
at
to
the
have
been
a
on
beautiful
be
may
seen
JOURNAL
End
to
the
a
is
the
Room
in
College, &
Prospect
from
it,
for
of
for
a
Meeting
of
the
large
the
Parade
Lord
Kitchen
which
discontinued
on
is
a
which
by Stone
was intended
Account
small
of
Chapel
Bottetourt, &
of the Congress are buried here: for
pp.
some
30 Grammar
but
School,
Divinity
a
there
Years;
are
Scholars:
there
but 18 Students
the
College
has
Years.
OF THE
PRESIDENT &
OF WILLIAM &
MASTERS
MARY
COLLEGE
266- 7
April
At
a
Grass.-
Parade,
is supported
Randolph,
John
several
about
covered
The Top of this Building affords
of the City & the adjacent
James River
Country;
as may York River in a clear day.
...
MEEl' INGS
1729- 1784],
Eid
allotted
a
Yard &
been
Sir
it
Court
has
late President
a
is
Court Yard,
Forms, &
of a new Building
South
the
Students;
Decline
OF THE
is
but
College,
at
Esq
Students
no
belonging
been
the
them
the Portico
other;
Parade
this
different
into
between
Front,
the
cut
is also the Foundation
for
Peyton
Trees
President &
9th,
Masters
1777
of Wm &
Mary College,
Present,
Mr
Jones
Mr Bracken
having resigned his place
haveing been chosen into
as
his
Clerk
Room,
of
the
the
Meeting &
Book
of
the
Librarian,
Meeting,
�227.
Blank
Leaves &
of
the
A.
G.
the
of
Key
the
were
Library & c,
delivered
into
the
Hands
latter.
I
Bradley,
ed.
York:
NICHOLAS
Press,
JOURNAL
New
OF
Dial
THE
is
This
finest
the
principal street
good buildings,
Towards
other.
and
2000 [
there
has
business
about
HUMPHREY
Ms. &
a
Virginia -
have
long,
mile
Capitol
at
Tuesday,
29th,
April
It
Virginia . ..
in
seen
1777.
consists
of
...
one
very wide and level with a number
one
end
of
the
College,
to
the
street
Wm.
Colonies
other
several
abused.
to
donations
is
it
much
done,
brick
of
I
and
and
the
College
Queen
of
at
the
2000
King
endowing
Mary
acres of land and a duty of one penny per pound upon all
been
is
elegant
1774- 1777
206- 7
this
sic]
Seminaries,
town
the
exported
Tobacco
Capitol
the
Williamsburg,
CRESSWELL,
1928 p.
HARWOOD'
photostat,
S
sinom,
of
support
it,
and
...
B,
LEDGER Col.
the
but,
like all other public
The Capitol is the place where all public
Assembly meets, & c.
They are both large and
Colonial
the
buildings.
towards
it
gave £
16
p.
Wmsburg Archives)
Fol. )
16 )
and Mary
William
Colledge
Dr
to
1777
April
2d
To
Account
May
15
To
60
To
3 bushs
of
21
work
26
To
2/.
June
3
31.
July
Septemr 3
into
Delivered
of
bushels
days
mendg
lime
16
4/ 6, &
6/. &
21
5
Do
plaster& & White
To
Whitewashing
laying Oven harthes
To
Mendin
To
Mrs
Whitewashing
To
Mendin
To
Ditto
2
Diggs
Do
40:
of
labour
Days
C.
Room &
wash ?
C
6
3:
2/
Colledge
Nesesary
7/ 6 --(
at
passages
1/
15
plasterin
at
10/. (
Colledge
Kitching
Per
Mr
7:
1:
20/.
Brackin'
s
2:
5/. &
3
Octobr
20
By
107
Mcllwaine,
R.
M 4d
Nai[ 1]
15: days
10: -
labour
Contra
6i
12:
2/ 6
6
5:
6
Cr
s
@ 16/ 4 - - -
85:
ed.
I,
p.
469
Monday August
The
ing,
6
or
JOURNALS OF THE COUNCIL OF THE STATE OF VIRGINIA
Vol.
6
0: -
th
1777
H.
9: 14: 6
1:
Comesaries)
Mr
5 1/ 2
11: 17: 7/ 6
House
Brafeton)
Novemr
5:
3 do Labr
5/. &
wash
White
labours
work
15/. &
5/.
2/ 6 & Whitewashing 4 Rooms
plasterin
To
of
Amount
9d &
at
hair
C'
@
Governor,
the
Reverend
with
the
Mr James
18th 1777
advice
Madison
of
the
Council,
Captain,
issued
Granville
Commissions
Smith
first
appoint-
Lieutenant,
�228.
William Nelson second Lieutenant and Daniel Fitzhugh Ensign of a Company
of Militia formed out of the Students of William and Mary College.
411/
Dixon &
Hunter
GAZETTE,
VIRGINIA
WANTED
immediately
Salary
The
is £ 75.
Rooms,
Board,
good
It
is
to
the
earnestly
College
J.
ly.
in
of
College
the
and well
Character,
Moral
1777
Oct.
31
Qualified
a Gentleman of good
William &
Mary,
to undertake the
Office
of Head
Usher.
Sterling a Year, with considerable Perquisites, besides
and Access to the Library.
J. BRACKEN,
Clerk of the Meeting.
of all Gentlemen,
recuested
who have any Books belonging
to return the same immediateLibrary in their Possession,
B.
William Waller Hening
STATUTES
THE
AT
1821)
Richmond:
LARGE (
IN,
Vol.
313
p.
1777]
An act for red-ulatin4 and disciplining the militia of the _
city of Williamsand
borough
borough
of Williamsburg,
citizens
of
students
professors
better disciplining
and
and
William
them:
Be
Mary
enacted
it
of
college,
the
of Norfolk,
into
General
and
a militia,
Assembly,
and
fifty years, within
persons
limits
of the said city or borough,
except the persons exempted by
act passed this present
and such of the professors
general assembly. ..
That
the
the
forming
and
the
an
of Norfolk.
FOR
I.
all
between
male
the
ages
sixteen
and students of William and Mary college as would otherwise be part of the
the
and
of not
companies
in which
is situate,
college
the
shall,
county,
be enrolled and
of the said city and borough,
less
than
two
thirty
nor
II.
And
the
students
the
the
said
the
and
JOURNAL
OF
COLLEGE.. . [
the
said
college,
in
shall
respectively
same
of
militia
of
times,
same
thereof
the
be
same
armed
as the militia
orders...
THE MEETINGS
1729- 1784],
OF
pp.
THE
and
city
shall
be
eight,
sixty
formed
rank
a
Meeting
Resolved,
Quarter,
of
the
with the professors
trained,
and
employed,
and the officers and privates
manner,
with
borough,
mustered,
the
same
weapons,
and
be
subject
of a county.. .
MASTERS
PRESIDENT &
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY
269- 270
Dec
At
than
more
by
file; .. .
and
to
City
officers
commanding
into
at
James
of
militia
President &
Masters
of
29 1777.
gm &
Mary College,
Fellows &
That
two Negroe
a Boy be ordered down from the Nottoway
to supply the place of Hirelings in the College.
OVO
Resolved
College
time
of
That no Professor
Library
taking
more
it
out.
than
be allowed
six
Months, &
to keep any Book belonging
to the
that with his Name he enter the
�229.
Resolved
That a Librarian present annually to the Society
Library, immediately after the Christmas Vacation.
the
a State of
Madison
LETTERS
Madison
his
father,
Four
Vol.
1865,
Company,
to
In
MADISON. . .
JAMES
Lipincott &
James
from
Letter
B.
J.
OF
WRITINGS
OTHER
AND
Philadelphia:
Volumes
I,
30.
p.
January 23,
Williamsburg,
I left
have
home,
taken
1778.
I got safe to this place on Tuesday following the day
Sir, -
Honored
Esq. j
Madison,
James
and
at
the
earnest
in
lodgings
my
Mr. Madison ,
on my kinsman,
which is a
President' s house,
invitation
of
room
a
the
much better accommodation than I could have promised myself.
4110
LETTER
Duke
OF
BOOK
ROBERT
University,
p.
Carter
Robert
to
OF NOMONY
CARTER
Vol.
Ms.,
HALL.
III,
1775- 1780.
19
Rev.
James
Madison]
Nomony
hall
Feby 16th 1778
Sir,
Robert
I
whom
as
shall
you
so
cation
Carter
Bladen
leave
beg
to
please
that
if he
put
to
my
second
under
your
direct.
acquires
son
about
Tuition,
19 years old, waits on you,
with,
or without an assistant
The youth has neither
a
knowledge
of
English
Genious nor appliConstruction
words,
practical Arithmetic in the course of two years I shall be for ever
obliged
to
you.
...
The Allowance
I Intend
to give to Robin' s Tutors is
Sixteen Pounds Sterling money of Great Britain per year exclusive of all
College
tor
Expences
Smiths
payable
Harmonies
who have considered
ists,
in
it will
Bar- Iron
afford
rated
at
16£ per
Improvement &
Ton.
delight
.. .
to
I
all
send
Doc-
Algebra-
the Science of Musick.
To
Revd
mr Madison
Professor
The
William
of
Rev.
and
Ma. themntics
James
Madison,
Mary
College."
at
Wm
Mary College.
afterwards
Bishop,
was
at
this
time
President
of
�230.
HUMPHREY
S
HARWOOD'
Col.
LEDGER,
16
B,
Archives)
Wmsbg.
Account with
411,
Down
Mary College continued from 17771
William &
1778
January
Februy
31
To
takein
7
To
Mending
April
25
work
for
Ditto
2
Madisons
2d
To
Closset
2:
1
20/.
bushel
To 4 Days
C
labour
12
June
of lime
C
loads
of
Do
11
To
1/ 6,
C
6
Days
To
3 do of hair C 3/ 9. &
C
12/.
Cartg
4:
@ 6/
13: 14: -
11
to
11
C 8/. &
Do
Days
14:
C
12/.
to
25
To
22
27
To
2
22
To
White
of
bushs
1/ 2 days
wash
White
work
@
2 days
3/. &
Repairing
30/.
work
20/.
C
4:
for
To
6
To
7
Novembr
To
3
washing
1: 10: -
Contracting
Whitewashing
2 passages
@ 10/.
2:
20/. &
Chimney
a
Mr
at
Mr
1
6/. &
Per
6:
7/ 6
6
7:
Sundaryes
20/.
1:
6: -
122: 11: 8 1/ 2
1778]
1777 &
6
2:
1:
6/. -
labour
Days
Brackin
Madasion
for
Total
for
Room
A
Spots
Ditto
7/ 6 &
C
Rooms
Bracking -
Mr
6: -
Colledge,
Landary, & Kitching
October
8: -
8 Do labour
8/. &
9 Do @
6: -
11:
6
do
6/.
@
3
3:
6 Do C
C 12/.
work
days
5
labour
Days
C
of
Do
9
to
work
labour
24
Sand
1/
6
16: -
Madison
C 4/.
8/. &
20
6.
bushs
80
To
15
for
4/- - -
40
3
To
6
2: 12:
5/
Mr
6:
lime
laying floor, &
Observitory 30/
to
pillars
of
5: -
1:
Mr Madison
passages
build. g
5: -
10/.
14: a
mending plastering
bushels
of lime @ 1/ 6.
15
well
4/.
1/ 6 &
May
5/
Madison
Mr
Rooms, &
5
washin
7/ 6
To
Mr
Oven &
labours
To White
for
Grate
a
Cr
Contra
]
1778
Decemr
19
LETTER
BOOK
By
OF
Cash
to
Sir -
sum
My
you
very
beg
37
p.
sets
27£
covers
in
are
advance
out
Sterling
for
hence
from
R B
this
to
that
servant
mention
do
I
is
not
directed
to
you
are
ing
Books -
Gravesands
Philosophical
wanting
Gramer
here
agree
advise,
Revd
to
apply £ 6: 7: 0 part
is
C the Remainder
1778.
Jun.
return
to
M
Wm &
College...
thereof to satisfy the
for his
he
use
rode up
such contracts to all
also
my disavowal
have
or keep any Horse,
that Robin should
bring
for
Natl
back
Robin,
both
Philosophy
Historical
2
Companion
Mr.
Madison
horses,
the
I have
not
by
all
however,
Volls:
Your
To
day
27th
Sightly Gelding, which he bought at W: sburg and has sold him here
is highly blameable,
and is contrary to my Injunction to him .. .
leave
declare
my
Robin
son
Letter
conduct
I
1/ 2
Ms.
Hall
2
University.
This
a
OF NOMONY
HALL.
Nomony
Duke
CP RTER
ROBERT
1775- 1780,
III,
Vo.
6:
37:
Ballance
Preceptor
John
most
Hubner -
Books,
the
he
brings
2
Vols
I
am
obedt Servt
Rcbort Carter
the
to
and
which
follow-
Martins
Sir
this
�231.
JOURNAL
OF THE
COLLEGE.. . [
OF THE
MEETINGS
1729-
17841
Dec.
At
of
Meeting
present,
a
Resolved,
hundred
that the rate
pounds
Resolved,
be
Table,
if
fresh,
IBID.,
At
a
that
oneor
that
Swinton
be raised
to one
thereof, &
President &
1779
of Wm &
Masters
appointed
be
receive weekly from the
the whole not exceeding 14 pounds,
28,
Jan.
Mr
Mary College, .. .
in the College
of meat,
more
the
Wm &
who forego the use of the College
Professors,
consideration
of
of
Masters
275
Meeting
MARY
1778.
24.
of Boarding
joints
if salt 10 pounds.
p.
Agreed,
those
in
OF WILLIAM &
that public notice be given of it in the Newspapers.
Ann. &
pr
allowed,
Housekeeper
President &
the
MASTERS
PRESIDENT &
274.
p.
Mary College
Head- Usher, &
that the Rooms
formerly
occupied by the Mistress be assigned to him.
HUMPHRE!
Ms.
Col.
HARWOOD'
S LEDGER
Bik 16
Wmsburg.)
Account
with
William &
Mary
Dr
College -
continued
from
1777 &
1778]
Continued•
1779
Januy
20
To
To
April
14
6 Bushels
of
lime
Contracting
To White- washing
Nesasary
4/ 6.
a
Gramer
to
School
9 Rooms &
20/. &
Mending Plastering
To
40 bushs
10
August
1_ 18
1
1/ 2
Do
lime
2:
1
Days
labour
8:
1:
2: -
23:
12/ - - - -
2
Do
By
By
By
10
Sand
loads
of
lime
a
Whitewash
work
a
12/.
6/. -
a
2: -
9
of
Sand
12/. &
9
18:
12/.
a
42/. &
15 Do
Steeps
a
34: 10: load
a
a
48: 10: Repairing
Per
Bushels
Cash
a
0: -
6 Do Labour
30/. &
15/.
To
2
th
20
of
Days
a
1779
12/. &
a
bushs
of lime a 6/.
15 Do Whitewh a 12/. &
3 , Z/ 2 do of hair a 12/
To 8 days work a 42/.
9 Do 30/. & 4 do labr a 15/.
Bushs
June
Do
To 40
To
11
4: 18: 96/. 4: 16: 211 ): -
3 1/ 2 bushs of Whitewash
6/ 9. ( Mr Presides House)
Carte
9
layg
12/ -- £
a
Harth
30/
a
To
3
labour
4 Passages, &
To
June
6 Days
Chimney, &
to
mistak
of
2
days
a
labour
6/.
a
Contra
Mortar
Ballance
in
42/. &
5: 14: Cr
taken
of Mr
account
15/.
John
way
Carter
Delivered
3:
Burser - - - -
in net
Charged
0:
0)
160: 17: -
3:
9
�232.
Ford,
Paul
WORKS
THE
Leicester
OF
THOMAS
JEFFERSON,
Vol.
I,
75- 78
p.
Autobiography]
11111
Feb.
1779].
were
The
7.
properr
this
subject
the
Visitors
of
acts
s
work. ..
our
portion
of
College
the
concerning
of
assembly
Pendleton'
Mr.
within
Wm. &
Mary,
thought,
We
that
on
plan of general education should be
undertake
it.
I accordingly prepared three
systematical
and
proposed,
to
I was requested
bills for the
Revisal,
distinct grades of education, reaching all classes...
proposing three
The
second bill proposed to amend
the constitution of Wm. &
Mary College,
to enlarge
it' s sphere of science,
and to make it in fact an University. ...
The College of Wm. &
Mary was en establishment purely of the Church of England,
to
scribe
a
were
required
39
Articles,
it'
s
it' s fundamental
all
be
to
it'
of
objects was declared
Church;
that
Students
s
to
learn
the
it'
Professors
to
Catechism,
s
to be to raise up Ministers
sub-
and
one
of
for that
church.
On
the
1st
of
elected
Being
body,
June
effected
I
organization
two
professorships
of
fessorship
Modern
of
the
and
of
law
Nature &
and Natural
philosophy.
professor,
Natural
institution
one
of
charter
Commonwealth. ..
college,
Mary
that
Williamsburg
a self- electing
year,
a
change
by
Anatomy
confining
Nations, &
history
Goveaar of the
Wm. &
the Grammar
school,
abolishing
Oriental
languages,
and substituting
Divinity &
the
of
at
residence
Police,
Law &
Visitors
the
my
that
of
languages;
added
of
during
the
I was appointed
1779.
one
also
to
us
the Fine
to those
and
Medicine
six
Arts
to the duties
one
of the Moral
of Mathematics
and
el
WILLIAM &
MARY
COLLEGE
from
Letter
PAPERS -
Folder
James Madison,
107
President,
Ms.
Wm. &
Mary,
to
Gov.
Baltimore,
of
Mar;; land]
17] 79.
Augst [
26,
Sir
The
you.. .
Scarcity of Flower in .. . Virginia has induced me to trouble
for a Permit to export for ye Use of ye College in Williamsburg about
great
30 Barrels...
WILLIAM &
MARY
QUARTERLY,
1st
Series,
Vol.
IX,
21- 22
p.
Williamsburg 0ctr 20th 1779
From
letters
of John
Brown,
student
at
the
College,
to
his
uncle,
William
Preston.]
I
in
have
Dixon &
VIRGINIA
4110
At
day
enjoyed
College,
a
at what
Nicolson,
Convention
good state of Health during my
rate at present uncertain.
...
residence
here,
I
Board
eds.
GAZETTE,
of December,
extract.
a
December
of
the
1779,
18,
Visitors
1779
of
the
college
of
William &
Mary,
of
we
professorships,
of the professor
the
a pro-
and
Chemistry,
in
and
on the
a statute was passed, of which the followinE is an
4th
�233.
THE funds of the college being no longer competent to support so extensive
institution
an
large
at
which
be
is
that
as
which
the
and
recommends;
charter
where
science
cultivated,
that scheme of education being most proper,
immediately subordinate to the leading objects of society:
cannot
more
The
scanty stipend lately paid by each scholar for commons having occasioned a
considerable
It
expense:
scholarships
should
the
be
of,
disposed
just, that students inducted
by the depreciation
being
donations,
original
but at
depreciated
a
which
on
of
Grammar- School
a
acquired
in
elsewhere,
the
within
much
a
that
having proved,
of which
may be
And the necessities
time;
shorter
several
in their progress by the mainte-
the learning
same;
the
money, with
cannot
founded,
were
they
Experience
rate:
the rarer parts of science have been obstructed
nance
into
of
affected
equally
the
since
college:
now
be
of the col-
lege rendering it expedient to multiply the sources of revenue by every posbe,
sible
means:
Let
there
shall
be,
and
Police;
Law
and
Philosophy
therefore,
the
Mathematicks;
and
of Nations,
for
The 1st of which
professorships:
the
3d, Natural
Anatomy and Medicine;
the 4th, Moral
Philosophy, the Laws of Nature
Languages;
and the 6th,
Arts;
the 5th, Modern
Brafferton.
The
subject
of
six
shall
of
to
for
tobacco
to
the
several
Professors
Brafferton,
The
college.
male
pounds of
President
and
the
person,
use
of
the
School
reserved
shall
for
be
discontinued.
the
cleaning
A
sufficient
number
and if any remain after
college;
aforesaid,
as
This
of
one thousand
discreet
and
master
committee
and hiring of the slaves belonging to the garden and
they shall be hired out at publick auction.
reservation,
kitchen,
at
cease
sober
the
him,
a
same,
Grammar
be
shall
slaves
some
except
attends
shall
school,
with
Professors,
They shall also hire to him the negroes accusHe shall furnish
taking bond with security.
the different meals,
with
at such price as the President
establish,
from time to time,
to be paid by the students•
the
shall
The
who
each
in
pursued
garden.
students
themselves.. .
such
in
labour
and
of
and
kitchen
college-
to
allow
be
to
President and
Professor,
shall
Commons
shall
the
student
every
annually.
instruction,
of
Each
visitors.. .
receive
Professors
of
controul
the
the
the
method
particular
be
tomed
and
fine
six
2d,
shall
statute
commence
in
force
on
25th
the
day
of
December,
in
the
year of our LORD 1779.
WILLIAM &
COLLEGE
MARY
of
Letter
Series,
1st
QUARTERLY,
Brown,
John
student,
to
his
Vol.
Uncle,
WM &
IX,
21- 22
p.
William Preston]
Mary Decembr 9th 1779.
Dear Uncle
William &
met
the
Mary
has
undergone
a
Revolution;
considerable
very
the
Visitors
Statutes,
4th Instant & form' d it into a University, annul' d the old
abolish' d the Grammar School continued Mr Madison President, &
Professor
of
on
Physick
Mr
Mathematics
Andrews
of
Appointed
Moral
Mr
Wyth
Philosophy, &
Professor
Monsr
of
Belini
Law,
of
Dr Mc Clurg of
modern
Languages.
Each of these Professors have an Annuity of eight Hogsheads of Tobacco.
Students
The
Whatever
have
rate
can
to
be
provide every other
they shall attend.
4110
that
it will
be
out
of
boarding
somewhere
it
will
be
not
so
Steward,
with ',, om thy
re to board at
They are to pay Rent for their Rooms.
necessary &
to pay a Ed of Tobacco to each Professor,
I am apprehensive
that the Expence will be so great
of my power
continue,
to
but shall be under the necessity
a
procure
agreed
in
on
Town;
expensive.
at
least
untill
the
spring,
as
I expect
that
�I4110
234.
I informed you some time past that I had put myself under the
direction
of Mr Randolph,
Our agreement
him
in writing & c as for
enough to think of that,
Mr Randolph
with
him
I
is
to
hhall
great delicacy
Mr Wythts
have
to
Richmond
in
there
move
it might
perhaps
Lectures.
that
I should
assist
he said it was time
when I shall have finished my studies.
to
move
was
further consideration
be
the
also...
If I continue
spring,
as he is a Gentin of
improper
to
quit
him &
attend
Your directions how to proceed in this case
will be very acceptable.
JOURNAL
MARY
OF THE MEETINGS
COLLEGE... [
OF THE
17841,
1729-
PROFESSORS &
MASTERS
OF
WILLIAM
280
p.
Decr. 29th 1779
At
a
Meeting
of the
President &
Professors
College under a Statute passed by the Visitors
of December
of Wm &
Mary
the fourth Day
1779-
Present:
James
Professor
President, &
Madison,
of Natural
Philosophy,
Mathematics.
James
Professor
Wythe,
George
McClurg,
Charles
Resolved,
Anatomy & Medicine.
Philosophy, the Laws of
of Nations, &
Professor
that Mr Andrews
Police.
of Moral
Nature &
Bellini,
Law &
of
Professor
Andrews,
Robert
of
Professor
of Modern
of
fine
Arts.
Languages.
acts as Clerk
of the Society
for
this Day.
that the Lectures
Resolved,
commence
for the ensuing
in the different
Schools
shall
Year on the 17th of January.
For the Encouragement
of Science,
Resolved,
that .. Student on paying annually one thousand Pounds
a
of Tobacco shall be entitled to attend any two of the following Professors;
viz.
of
Law &
Philosophy,
fifteen
hundred
Professors;
Courses
Laws
of Nature &
Pounds,
he
shall
Mathematics, &
Philosophy &
Nations, &
be
entitled
of the
to
fine
attend
of Moral
Arts, & that
the ; laid
for
three
the fees to be paid at that Period of the Year when the
of Lectures
Resolved,
of Natural
Police,
the
that
commence.
Mr
James
Wilson
be
allowed
3, 000
lbd.
of Tobacco pr
�234- a.
Annum,
two
after
Men &
Gardener
that
the
cleaning
Resolved,
retained,
of
IBID.,
a
that
that
the
the
Mr
President & Mr
Andrews
Andrews
be
appointed
to
the
be entitled
hire
the
of
Library,
30.
Resolved,
of Wm &
Name
Mary
together
for
that
Purpose
be arranged
the 30th
Office
of
College.
with
by
his
the
Contribution
Bursar, &
he
shall
according
to the different
that
shall
theLRight
the
shall enjoy a preferable
Claim
College
the
of next Month.
th,rt Applications
Resolved
for
according
Leicester
OF
Rooms
be made
to Priority
Presidt
Property, not necessary for the Use of the
to publick Sale on 7th of January 1780.
Madison,
P.
Ford
THOMAS
JEFFERSON,
Vol.
pp. /, 26- 436
II,
A BILL FOR THE AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION
COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY *
Whereas
Apparently
to
of Application.
personal
be exposed
J.
I.
the
1779 -
his
that former Students
until
THE WORKS
execute
from every Student when he enters the Colle e,
that the Library
who shall determine
4110
not
Literature.
Resolved,
to Rooms
it
Negroes
to the Use of the Library.
Ordered,
Section
retained,
that the Ceremony of Matriculation shall be a pecuniary
afterwards,
on which
annually
shall be entered
in a Book kept
Branches
to
President & Professors
the
Resolved,
Paul
be
Lemon,
Adam, &
Bob,
Pompey,
other necessary Purposes.
College.
of
Meeting
College,
Steward
281
p.
Contribution
1111
as
Winkfield,
College, &
Decr
At
from the Garden
Vegetables,
with
for Tobacco or other Country Produce.
Resolved,
Bursar
he can derive
President & Professors
of ye College.
Resolved,
for
any Benefit
Boy, &
a
the
supplying
this
a scheme for cultivating
bill
was
may have been presented
ton ( the committee
for the
never
by
taken
of
and disseminating
useful
although
by the Legislature,
George Wythe and Edmund Pendlethe Virginia laws) in. 1779.
Jefferson,
revisal
OF THE
up
�235.
knowledge
in
this
minded
411
inhabitants,
ed,
the
by
of
Mary
in
General
fourth
the
found
a
the
to
ing
and
of its liberal
adopted,
and
cherish-
to King William and Queen
then
perpetual
study,
and
hundred
the
to
be
and
royal
more
hands
of
applied
to
like
in
to
Francis
named,
particularly
college.. .
granted
Professors,
form,
due
scholars,
in
then
money,
quitrents,
College;
and also
the
trustees,
or
an
in
license,
gave
other
for
President
the
the
reign,
seventeen
of
sum
a
received
adorning
to
of
their
and
Professors,
trustees
Auditor,
by some
approved,
was
upon whose petition
of universal
six
the
ferred
of
year
place
1690.. .
year
by their charter bearing date the seventh day of February,
Eseuire...
President,
the
Assembly,
England. . .
Nicholson,
which had been proposed
country,
before
to
ccnsisting of a
less. .. granted
or
Byrd,
William
Esquire,
towards
the
erecting, foundtrustees,
to be transas
manner,
before
directed,
part
arising from the duty on tobacco exported;
and also granted to the said trustees the office of surveyor general of
Virginia, with intention.. . that they and their suces ors.. . should receive
the
profits thereof,
be affected,
until
should
should
have
been
revenue,
foundation
the
account
expended
of
and
College,
the
when
for and pay the same or the surplus
in
that
to
work,
the
President
and
that
above what
Professors;
and that thereafter the said office should be held by the said President
and
Professors.
to
Blackwater
neck.. .
And
the
said
trustees
said
the
ten
thousand
and
King
Queen,
of
acres
by
land,
said
their
on
the
granted
charter,
south
side
of
the
and also other ten thousand acres of land in Pamunkey
swamp,
And whereas
this beneficial
was received by
said
trustees,
the
with
thousand
one
pounds,
out of the money arising
sterling,
from the quitrents
granted to the use of said College by Queen Anne,
part
whereof was applied to the purchase of three hundred and thirty acres of land
at the middle plantation,
being the same place where the General Assembly,
by their act, passed in the year 1693, had directed the said College to be
and
built,
whereon
was
the
same
built,
accordingly
and the General Assembly,
one other
act, passed in the same year 1693,
by
intitled an Act for laying an
the
scheme,
imposition
liam
and
skins
upon
furs
to
confirmed
1718,
year
the
sum
of
the
the
said
which
pounds,
of
out
duties
the
sterling,
support
College
College,. ..
said
forwarding
pounds,
of
with
were
the
College
certain
afterwards
And by one other
to
accounted
be
and
of
Brunswick,
ing
the
to
and
act passed
in the
by the General Assembly with
in
funds,
public
General
the
on
enlarged
the
hands
Assembly,
of
the
and educating
from time to time,
Which sum was accordingly paid to the said visiters and by them
in the purchase
sides
for
of Wil-
duties
which was directed. to be laid out for the maintaining
required:
both
on
thousand
one
and
scholars,
invested
of
towards
thousand
for the better
endowed
specified,
therein
use
two
the said College was further endowed
Treasurer,
when
furs,
Virginia,
the
contributions
exceeded
and
skins
in
Mary
and
voluntary
whereof
sum
the
and
of two thousand
Nottoway
seventeen
river,
negro
in
one hundred
the
slaves,
counties
and nineteen
of
Prince
acres of land,
Surrey,
George,
to be employed in tilling and manur-
certain scholarships were accordingly established on the said
funds;
and the
General Assembly, by their act,
and enpassed in the year 1726,
titled an Act for laying a duty on liquors,
further endowed
the said College
with an annual
revenue
of two hundred
for twenty- one years,
pounds,
to be paid
out of certain duties thereon imposed on liquors, and b;
one other act passed
in the year 1734,
endowed
it with the whole of the said duties,
during the
residue
expended
acts,
of
the
to
passed
said
be
to
the
said
of
terra
at
the
to
then
unexpired,
library
for
the
a part
said
or
the
whole
thereof
to
be
College:
And by divers other
subsequent
for
times,
the Assemblies,
the time
being, having
said College
the
whole
of the annual revenues,
arising from
until
of June,
the
first
which shall be in the year 1780,
the
funding scholarships, and other good uses, for the
purchasing
duties,
applied
support
and
the
in
continued
4110
and
same,
a
the said
College,
General Assembly by
and to be accounted
of
for to the General Assembly;
�236.
in
the
gave a further donation to the said College of
out in purchasing a mathematical apparatus for the said Col1e, e,
And
which was accordingly purchased.
the said trustees,
in pursuance of
the
trust
reposed
and
estabin them,
to
erect the said College,
proceeded
lished
of sacred
one school
theology,
with two professorships therein,
to wit,
one
for teaching the Hebrew tongue, and expounding
the holy scriptures;
and
controversies
and the other for explaining the common places
of divinity,
year
to be laid
with
heretics;
therein,
to
of
other
ing* the
religion;
II.
two
one
mathematics;
professorships
and
logic,
rhetoric,
other
and
ethics,
school
for
the
teach-
tongues;
Boyle...
College,
if certain
amply
there is
articles
fixed,
being
endowed
thus
and
expectations,
which
and
with
philosophy,
of
study
metaphysics,
Greek
for
And whereas the experience of near an hundred years hath proved,
said
useful,
the
arithmetic,
Robert
the
their
for
and one for teaching Indian boys reading,
the catechism and the principles of the Christian
which last school was founded on the private donation of the
vulgar
honorable
that
school
other
one
physics,
Latin and
writing,
Sect.
one
wit,
in its
before
as
by
by
bath
that
constitution
recited,
public,
the
hope,
to
reason
would
it
were altered
original
the
not
answered
become
more
and amended,
cannot
charters,
be
reformed by the said trustees whose powers are created and circumscribed
said
the
by
the said College being erected and constituted on the
of the General
requisition
the same is of right subject to the
Assembly ...
direction,
and may by them
be altered
and
amended,
until
such form be
public
devised as will render the institution
advantageous,
publicly
in proportion
as
it is publicly expensive; ...
Be it therefore enacted by the General Assembly, that, instead of eighteen visiters or governors of the said College,
shall
in
future
houses
of
Assembly, annually, to enter on the duties of their office on
day ensuing their appointment...
they shall chuse their own Rec-
there
both
the
new
year'
at
tor,
their
in
like
of
the
High
power
the
be
eight
Instead
time...
and
of
There
year. . .
of
ballot
of
the
both
shall
be
houses,
General
three
Chancellors,
from among the Judges
to
Court, ...
Professors,
the
the
all
of
history,
one
and
oriental
Professors
shall
and
for
them
breach
or
shall
neglect
wit,
of
great
fine
the
and
to
northern;
the
several
the
arising
the said
College
of
of
and
its
of
of
to
endowed,
addition-
in
like
manner,
one of anatomy and
one
time,
and
of
the
a
furs,
ancient
The
languages.
Indians...
skins
an
by the
eight
the ordinary
taking the advice
shall,
history;
modern
time
on
revenues,
There
mathematics;
one
tribes
duties
was
of
from
with
be
and the laws of
philosophy,
one
of law and police;
one of
and natural
appoint,
from
revenue,
arts;
one
shall
President,
concern.
of moral
one
licensed
there
To them shall belong
administration
of
Professors,
six
visiters,
appointed
year...
philosophy
likewise
veracity,
a
ecclesiastical;
of natural
languages,
which
to
be
also
matters
nations,
civil
by
and
former
the
pounds
College,
on
and
President
the
shall
whom,
Professorships,
and
approved
of
hundred
one
visiters
medicine;
is
every
removing
established
of
one
of
government
of
with
in
by joint
Chancery, or
of
who shall be appointed by joint ballot of
only,
But no person shall be capable of being both visiter and Chancellor at
salary
the
five
meeting
of
the
charter,
nature
be
appointed
Court
Professors,
al
first
solely
same
said
s
manner
belong
duty...
the
and
charters,
said
of
missionary,
And forasmuch
as
and
those
on
liquors,
by several acts of General Assembly,
from circumstances
unforseen,
insomuch
that
great fluctuations,
no calculation of foresight can enable the said visiters or Professors to
subject
square
thereto
permanent
revenue
of
use
impost
from
the
expenditures
depend
should
arising from the
the public,
to be
government,
an
to
this
and
that,
of five
in
pounds
commonwealth,
on
of
stable
said
said
the
funds;
duties,
College,
it
Be
shall
which being
therefore
be henceforth
enacted,
regular
that
transferred
and
the
to the
applied towards supporting the contingent charges of
lieu
of
by
thereof,
tobacco,
land
or
the
on
by
said
every
water,
College
hogshead
to
be
paid
shall
of
to
be
tobacco,
the
endowed
to
be
inspectors
with
exported
�tivi
tA.0-, A -/
u'
uoa.
zaJJ$ f
AiT
: qy
aTs - ad
ure
25,
4ToTTsj & iaaa noS g9Trt
enTBj, aq.TuT3uT 3o WI rum can- BT
s
T2aT
eta. oq.uT
2ulrtoaq.
uaui
sl.znoo
2uuoS
STxaat
peu
paw
zo
A4 Toogos
juT '
aTOuTs
aqq. pue : TT
pjoq'
•
Tam pus pe dTouFad TTem s pueq rteu aurTI o'4. auil3 uioa j
uT
ASagy •
pus pogaaui '
• 2uTuasaT
• To . Tduo
jo. zd au
sTgy
uTo
saossa
snoaauznu
sT
Toogoe
s
i
at
A •
aous2aTa
ag.
UT
Liqqm
alndsTp
saTTquiass a
asnsTdds
pus
TssaaeTun
T
2 SBq qopim ssaoons 8 psq ssg a2aTToo agq. qa uoTpa4Tq.suT Mau an0
LOS '
d
uaT BTnoaTo uT rtou 1Sauoui aadsd eqq. uT
2uTTTe0 ao.j TTTct agq. Jo iSdoo s asoTouT I WepTsaad age oq aagTaT Su 14TM
aTs " sag
O
L. T '
9Z ATnr
puouigOTH
uosTM
C\
L0S- 905 • dd
pLog • d
ueTTnr
Al '
saucer
oyu
III ' ToA ( 1561 : ' r• N : uolaouTad)
pa ` Nosda, aar SVNOH, L do sxsaed BIZ
[
90S• d
�r
237.
accounted
10th
for,
of
day
trouble ...
Atheir
by
enacted.,
that
of William
called
and
commonwealth,
on
the
shall
be
authorized
commonwealth,
and
for
its
whereof
the
engage
make
of
and
the
said
erect
said
the
it
David
in
the
said
to
models,
cost and expence
and
further
of making,
be paid by the Treasurer of this
shall.. .
the
one
use,
Be
Ryttenhouse;
to
to
science,
conceived
system,
solar
David
astronomers,
this
from
of
model
or
Ryttenhouse,
the
warrant
GAZETTE,
VIRGINIA
publick
to
Auditors.
1780,
42
p.
the
and well qualihas agreed to furnish breakfast and dinner to any
not exceeding
twenty, at the rate of 3000 pounds of
and at the rate of 2500 pounds if the number be greater.
assured
that
a
person
near
college,
satisfaction,
give
tobacco
Jan.
8
are
of .Dtud.
number
of
erecting
the
Nicolson
Dixon &
fied
part of
and Mary,
then. me
by
transporting
The
on or before
with an allowance of six per centum for
commonwealth may not be without so great an
all
visiters. ..
the
on
of
greatest
the
Ryttenhouse,
be
said President and Professors
year,
representation,
that
executed
College
the
every
And that this
mechanical
the
in
nor its youth such an help towards attaining astronomical
ornament,
as
to
oath,
on
October,
ents,
annum,
per
a order of the society,
Paul
Ford,
Leicester
WORKS
OF
Thos.
THE
Clerk.
ANDREWS,
ROBERT
JEFFERSON,
Jefferson
THOMAS
to
Our new Institution
James
Vol.
3,
p.
Madison]
33
July 26,
Richmond,
1780
has had a success which has gained it
numerous,
they hold weekly Courts
in
The
the Capitol.
Assemblies
professors
join in it, and the young
method &
dispute with elegance,
men
learning.
This single school by throwing from time to time new hands well principled, & well informed into the
universal
legislature,
WILLIAM &
will
MARY
of
Letter
of
COLLEGE
Ezra
Stiles,
July
12.
s
school
is
infinite
value.
QUARTERLY,
2nd
James
Madison,
President
of
Series,
president
Yale,
in
Vol.
of
answer
VII ( 1927)
Wm. &
to
Mary
293- 296.
pp.
College,
latter' s letter
to
dated
1780. ]
first
The
be
Rev.
at the College
Wythe'
applause.
Plan
of
our
College
was
imperfect.
It
consisted
of
a
Pres-
Humanity - of Ethics - of Math. & Nat. Phil. - of
and a Master
of Divinity for the Indians,
and the Oriental
Languages
the
Brafferton
School.
Under this Form it continued from the year 1729
until the Beginning of the yr 1780.
ident. . .
a
Professor
Since
From
on
a
the
Revenue
Articles
of
of
Revolution,
its former
Resources
5 or 6000£. Stg a year,
we
Commerce,
it now depends for
of
have
arose
its
been almost
principally
support
upon
annihilated.
from Duties
the
or
Rent
of
�22000
does
Surveys,
Land,
afford
in
we
of
the
Professors,
Police.
of
3.
become
will
Time
is
and
of
indeed
of
of
also
who
Math. &
4.
Medicine.
Chymistry &
is
President -
a
Prof.
now
but at present
considerable,
There
500E Sterlg -
than
more
but not very considerable.
Society at present consists
qlIlThe
one
of
acres
not
is
Nat.
an
Income
always
Ethics &
the
to
2.
Phily.
be
of
Belles
from
Law
Lettres.
Languages.
...
The
Profp. of Humanity has been abolished, and
Schools for the ancient Languages to be established in various parts
The
of the Country; .. .
It was
Professorship of Divinity is also abolished.
formerly instituted for the Purpose of the Church of England, we was here
established,
but it is now thought that Establishments
in Favr of any
of Modern
5.
proper
Sect
particular
are
incompatible
with
fore,
the Professorship
is entirely
The Doors o;' the University are
in
the
the
Ant.
Languages
a
of attending
April, & from May
until
The
in
The
1st,
Time
depends upon
The number of
the
debated.
then
subjects
are
of
and
Republic,
a
there-
nor
all,
for
is
even
Entrance.
The
a
The
Lectures
knowledge
Students
continue
have
from
October
The whole University assemble
Society presiding.
Questions are preMonthly, for the students in Law.
weekly.
of
one
are printed.
of taking Degrees
deserving,
now
and
when
annually
until
are
to
open
they please...
August.
whom
apartment,
prepared
viously
And
Exercises
public
convenient
a
Freedom
Requisite
previous
Liberty
the
dropped.
2.
given
deliver
to
the
formerly
were
Orations
same
in
as
if
which,
upon,
Cambridge,
the Qualifications
of the Candidate. - . ..
Students is more considerable
than heretofore
and
but
encreases
daily.
We have a well chosen Apparatus wh cost 500f Stg made by the best Hands
in
111,
London. -
some
Our Library may be considered as a good foundation to improve
Before
upon.
of
different
this
best
the
unnatural
War,
Books,
modern
Philosophical
we had formed a Plan of importing annually
and
Societies
among
in
others
Europe,
we
the
we
Publications
shall
resume
of
the
whenever
it
is practical.
The Presidents
have succeeded
Rev.
in the following
James
Blair
order:
1729
...[
list
follows]
I am Sir with great Respect,
Your
August
Dixon &
Most
1-:- 1780
GAZETTE,
September
13 &
20,
1780
WILLIAM &
college
intended
cost
411,
Servt
PDISON
Nicolson
VIRGINIA
THE
Obedt
J.
for
about
WILLIAM &
Letter
an
500
MARY
has
for
sale,
additional
1.
in
the
COLLEGE
of John
a
considerable
building.
year
student
quantity
of
Vol.
at
IX,
College,
1st
to
Series,
his
Uncle
scantling,
1780
20,
originally
27
terms.
83
p.
uncle,
Octr
Dr
August
college,
Any person taking the whole which
may have it upon the most reasonable
1775,
QUARTERLY.. .
Brown,
MARY
Col. ' Wm.
1780
Preston.]
College
�239.
I
wrote
time
some
you
informing
ago
of my bad
you
of
state
Health,
at
present I am almost in the same situation rather weaker owing to my great
uneasiness of mind occasioned by the Invasion of the English who have been
expected
in
this Town.. .
Mr Cocke with whom I board moves away toFamily.. . I am so weak that I cannot leave my Room in College which is intirely deserted by every Studt but one or two who are sick
S.
P.
ed
daily
with
morrow
for
. ..
turnd_. Soldiers &
all
everythin
XIII -
to
PAPERS,
MADISON
Ms .
it is more than probable that the College will be suspendMr Madison talking of resigning his Professorship, &
time...
some
Stuats
the
his
Div.,
Vol.
Letters
Madison,
James
Rev.
the
Madison
first
is
University
invasion. ..
II
-
THE
Gov.
4110
are
some
LETTERS
OFFICIAL
Vol.
Desert.
a
we
Warrior,
the
utmost
Confusion.
f.
31,
p.
Madison,
James
to
18,
Jan.
into
the
487
15,
Library of Congress
From
The
in
OF
Jefferson
now
dispersed..
entirely
GOVERNORS
THE
OF
to
THOMAS
the
1781
We were in a very flourishing way before the
of the professors
LETTERS
Jr.]
Rev.
OF
THE
Madison
Richmond
converted
Richmond:
1928)
461
P.
the
Rev.
31st
1781
and
March
is
to retire...
VIRGINIA (
447,
p.
student
it prudent
OF
STATE
JEFFERSON,
James
The
thought
Robert
Andrews]*
Sir,
The principles
on which
the Boundry
between
Pensylvania
and this
State
is to be run having been fixed it is now proposed by President Reid that
Commissioners proceed to execute the work from the Termination of Masons and
Dixons Line to the Completion of the five Degrees of Longitude and thence on
a meridian
to
the
Ohio.
Of Course it will require one set of Astronomers
and
Fort
at
another
business
the
to
Coadjutor
add
doubt
the
a
one
Pitt.
to
to
go
to
proper
which
we
them.
one
the
place,
of you.
Good
to
other
the
Instruments
other,
meaning
can be furnished no
but for the Pittsburg observations we must sollicit
Instruments
will
the
each
at Philadelphia;
to be at Philadelphia.
We ask the favor of yourselves to undertake this
from
your
to
return
undertake
Corporation [
in
good
the
order,
College
of
William &
or if injured
Mary]
to replace
I therefore beg the favor of you to sollicit the Loan of those Instru-
ments.
...
Gov.
Jefferson
the
to
Rev.
James
Madison]
Richmond
I think in my Letter to you I undertook
April
8th
1781
to assure you that if the Time
piece of the College should receive such an Injury as could be repaired here,
it
On
be
should
June
3,
repaired
1781
at
the
Jefferson
Public
wrote
Expence,
Madison
and
and
if
Andrews
[it]
could
that
"The
not
be
advance
repaired
of
the
season has induced his Excellency President Reid to propose deferring the
final
Settlement
of
be pleased therefore
be
hoped
for
by
the
our
boundary
till
the
first
Day
of
May
1782. ..
You
will
to consider that as the time at which your Services will
public.
Ibid.,
p.
532
�240.
that the Instrument
should
Importations
but
to
us,
be replaced
indeed
be
provided, well packed,
or perhaps swung it cannot
laid
that
the
loan of it is
in a covered
feather
a
on
receive
When it is considered
as soon as peace
if carried
bed...
or
shall
have opened
Waggon which
otherwise
on
shall
Straw,
Injury.
that this Instrument was given by the Public,
now asked
for a Purpose
important
to the Public
Interest and in no small Degree to Geographical Science and that it goes
insured by the Public I hope the temporary Inconveniences which may result
by possibility
HUMPHREY
will not deprive
HARWOOD
LMs.
2Account
LEDGER
Colonial
the State
B 16
William &
THE
h
MAGAZINE
Letter
2
To
of
btu
lime
OF
from
AMERICAN
St.
George
Williamsburg
continued
Tucker
Vol.
to his
n41'11
1781."
Well
5/. &
VII ( 1881) ,
Frances
wife,
1- 1'
from
1778,
1777,
1772/
D
Mary Colledge
Repairing
1/ 6. &
HISTORY,
llth
July
College -
Mary
William &
8.
of it.
Wmsbg, a/
with
1781
June
of the Benefit
14," _
labours
1/ 6
work
pages 207- 208.
zBland Tucker,
: 8: -
dated
they the British force/ remained for some Days...
his Lady ( they have lost their Son) were turned out
Room for Lord Cornwallis.
Happily the College
HereZWilliamsburg/
Our Friend
of
their
House
afforded
Water
From
to
them
from
an
their
MARY
WILLIAM &
and
Madison
Morgan
make
Asylum.
own
They were refused the small Privilege of drawing
Well. ...
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Folder
Autographs
Library.
Letter,
Rev.
William
James
American
Bishops -
of College,
Vol.
Madison,,/
21,
to his
I.
brother,
1781.
William
I
broke
made.
the
224.
the
President
Madison,
July
Dear
of
find
But
most
will.
must
Length
at
remove
from
in my Way at an
how shall I move.
Business
Place.
this
End &
The College
is entirely
of course not a Farthing to be
It is particularly necessary to move
as I know nothing but a lucky accident prevented
of them from joining the enemy.
I shall send them up in a few Days by
to Hanover Town...
If you can assist
me
in this Business,
I trust you
where
Negroes
few
Water
I
all
up,
I
or
have,
we
only 2 horses
have
one
of wch
a Chair Horse for your Sister...
believe me yr affectionate
tho
very
MAGAZINE
Capt.
OF
HISTORY &
John Davis,
of
I
must
use
as
Br
J.
VIRGINIA
indifferent,
BIOGRAPHY,
Vol.
Pennsylvania
Madison
I,
p. 9
Line -
Wayne' s Brigadej/
lay on James Town plains this day; at night we march' d
to Green Springs,
where we pass ' d ye night.
at
halted on the commons,
Marched at day break for Williamsburg;
4th.
Simon.
P. M.,
o' clock
reviewed by Genf St.
was
This night we took part in
4
the City Colledge.
5,th.
Pass' d the greater part of this day interviewing the city ZWilliamslay on our arms
burg/ & its public buildings, which does the State credit;
of
Diary
Sept/
near
town
3rd...
in
a
We
thicket
of
woods.
the
�241.
MAGAZINE
OF
Diary of
du Bourg,
a
AMERICAN
September
Officer -
French
aid
HISTORY,
to
City [ Williamsburg].
have
I
port
buildings
three
in
seen
I. . .
profited
the
is
largest
It
America.
of
worthy
quite
i44.
p.
to be
that of Baron
Cromot
Trans.)
...
It
Presumed
1781. (
Rochambeau.
20- 21 [ 1781]
IV ( 1880),
Vol.
is,
by the opportunity
which
Boston
Capital. . . There
the
moreover,
notice
to see the
Philadelphia,
after
belong
to
a
large
and
New-
are
in
college,
which there is also a Cabinet of natural history; . ..
CADIGiNAN,
CHEVALIER
Lieutenant-
Regiment
at
EXTRACT
Enclosure
No.
26,
and
who
in
the
de,
Agenois
During the War for American
Independence
town),
DUPLEIX
Colonel
to
the
Siege
FROM
THE
of
OF - [
1775- 81]
Memorandum
Series
New
York -
JOURNAL
Translated
from the French by Warrington
At the College there is a professor of languages
be
must
having
to
able
a perfect
teach
knowledge
French,
Italian,
Dawson]
salaried by the province,
Spanish,
and
German,
besides
of English.
He lodges in the College itself and has a very fine garden at his disposal.
Before being installed
in his post,
he is carefully examined to mPke sure
that
he
is
of
capable
these
teaching
different
languages.
The
position
was
held at that time by an Italian called Signor Bernardi.
All
the
French
officers went
to
call on him.
We found him very affable
and
eager
the
had
to
form
English,
to
friendships
had
with
behaved
not
far more
us -
very
well
so
towards
than
him,
he had done
with
according to what he
say to us.
COLLECTIONS
pn.
who
OF
THE MASSACHUSETTS
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY.
1st
Series,
Vol.
IX,
103- 4
Journal of the Siege of York in Virginia by a Chaplain of the American Army
Sept.
I
in
1781]
24,
the
remained
this
town,
some
last
of
in
night
which
are
Williamsburgh.
very
good,
There are about 300 houses
but the greater number are very
mean.
The
wings,
is
College
about
three
ancient
is
about
50 feet
stories
authors,
high;
but
130
by 30,
and
the
feet
have
has
modern
a
in
length
been
added
very
good
authors
are
and
to
40
this
in
Two
handsome
College
building.
and a large library of
apparatus,
few.
breadth.
This
�242.
James,
Thacher,
M. D.
A MILITARY JOURNAL DURING
Boston:
1827, pp. 269- 270
25th. [ Sept.]
hundred
Marched
is
This
burg.
feet
is
the
and
in
forty
is
to
said
of
and
The college
with
breadth,
two
of about
consist
at
the
WAR FROM 1775- 1783.
through the city of Williams-
The
main
street
is
length-- at
in
mile
one
exactly
hundred
three
place
Virginia. . .
capitol.. . and
the
accommodating
institution.
REVOLUTIONARY
from the landing
capital
width,
in
extremities.. .
of
the
THE AMERICAN
is
end
other
more
one
the
of
than
one
the
college,
capable
but the tumult of war has broken up
is about one hundred and thirty feet in length
handsome wings fifty by thirty.
Their library
students,
thousand
three
Near
volumes.
the
centre
of
the
city is a large church...
PAPERS,
WASHINGTON
of
Library
Congress
Wmsburg.
Letter to George Washington
186,
No.
f.
24955.
Photostat
Col.
from. John Blair.]
Williamsburg Octr 15th 1781.
Sir,
Whatever
this
may be the Determination
I know
Address,
bespeak
my presuming to
to a Complaint,
S
Goodness
your
of your Excellency
well
too
of your
Moment
of
doubt
to
on the Subject
of
for
Excuse,
your
however
Time,
precious,
in listening
Complaint
which,
as Rector of the
prompted by
Duty;
Governors
of William &
Mary, I know not how to suppress.
The unhappy Vacation, which the Necessities of the War have made much too
long, has however been attended with the Advantage of supplying considerable
Room for
of
the
the
Official
Purpose
of
Professor
of Modern
College;
all
is
be
from
required
one
the
Library,
Bellini,
this,
a
Hospital; &
a
the
except
whole,
a
the
French Line are now in Possession
the Rooms of Mr
Apparatus- Room,, &
Languages, &
the only Professor who remains in
great a Supply of Conveniencies,
as could reasonably
Place But Mr Bellini has just been with me to inform,
as
that the Commissary has demanded of him the Keys of an out- building called the
Granary &
can
be
be
Measure
Houses
other
removed
no
Prejudice
may
controll
the
Articles
contained
Progress
of
as
the
to
Commissary'
in
s
in
&
it
Army
of
York, &
I
am
with
of
great
must
be,
be
a
be
unless
dispensed
Intentions -
those
is
which
which
will
I
Variety
of useful
lost
the
to
your
with,
inclose
Mr
Articles,
College,
if
which
this
Excellency, judging it
should think proper to
Bellini'
s
List
of
the
Houses; &
Siege, &
the
Master
that
else,
in;
persisted
without
it,
near
where
congratulating You sincerely on the
that a few Days more will see you
his Army,
I beg Leave to assure You
Your Excellency' s most respectful and obedient
ardently hopin ,
Lord Cornwallis
with
Veneration,
Servant,
John
List
A
on
List
adjacent
20.
separate
of
different
the
to
College
the
Rarrils
Blair -
sheet]
of
Articles
of
contained
William &
in the
Granary &
other
houses
Mary
corn
Several Large Ohests with articles for husbandry.
S
good many chests
Planks,
of glasses
Ladders, &
for windows.
different articles for the reparations of the principal
Buildings. ,
a good quantity
the
Pumps; &
minute
College.
to
a
of Seeds
good
deal
describe,
for the Gardenhay, besides
of
a great
quantity
of articles
too
but of the greatest importance and necessity for the
�243.
f.
IBID.,
24971
Letter
1111
Gen.
from
George
Washington
to
John
Blair]
Camp before York Octo 17th 1781 Sir
Letter
Your
of
15th
the
been
has
received -
You may be assured Sir that
could induce me to desire to occupy the
Purposes Buildings for Military
I am very sorry
nothing but absolute Necessity
with
College
to
its
that
say
adjoin
of
the
be
Number
found
Room
cannot
I
persuaded,
am
tion -
of
Wounded are increasing so fast that
Cover &
as I observe
most Lumbersome
the
Sick &
our
their
that Mr Bellini
especially
some
for
will
Convenience -
be ready
In
these
Circumstances
to give up the House
you men-
many of the Articles are easily removeable be
may
abroad -
secured
I
flatter
myself
also
that the good People of this Part of the Country will the more readily submit
to
partial & temporary Inconvenience,
a
when they have Reason
to hope,
that the Close of our present Operations will place them in a State of Quiet
Security-- which I trust will be lasting.
I
am &
c
G W
John
Blair
LETTER
Esgr
FROM
GEORGE
in
Original
WYTHE
TO
Pennsylvania
GENERAL
GEORGE
Historical
WASHINGTON
Photostat
Society.
Col.
Inc.]
WMsbg,
Sir,
The professors
that
so
it will
therefore,
in
to
letter
a
tions
with
until
the
such
preparing
the
to
lodged
and
the
pardon
in
it
it
I
beg
if
more
the
university
upon
to
the
had
are,
a
they
a
of
it.
in
to
who
to believe
removed,
apartment
to
signify
charge
most of them,
will
of
the
return,
the
C.
of the
deposited.
earnestness
motive.
in
this
I am persuaded
business,
de
R.
that you
soldiers
to
be
I have
you will
because I think you will
the honour
to be,
obedient
Servant
G.
Wythe
Oct.
25
4110
a
to prevent any injury to those articles,
Your most
Washington
and
college,
for making philosophi-
apparatus,
have
A
state.
their studies with
as I venture
to
progress,
had resolved,
and were
a
be
one
Last year,
prosperous
Sir,
Gen.
answer,
others
reason
shall
Excellency
are
many
valuable
officers,
in
was
I have
There
subject
the
such
made
obstruction
your
true
The
amy be inclosed
in it were persuing
And
example.
be desired
in which
and
them
pleasure.
another,
the
college,
my freedom
them
in
and,
kindly
the
more.
them.
Excellency,
your
please
by various avocations
convene
Permit me to interrupt your important delibera-
of
some
to
suddenly
two
or
necessary
with
places
attribute
if
me.
invasion,
and
present
costly library,
cal experiments.
take
to
word
given you
follow their
accompanied
will
a
difficult
number of young gentlemen
assiduity,
have
when
be
address,
directed
would
say,
be
their
saying
british
respectable
of William and Mary are separated
perhaps
1781
�244.
Wr. SHINGTON
PAPERS,
Gen.
No.
f.
187,
Washington
25083,
Library of
President and Prof.
to the
Congress
of the University of William and Mary.
4111
Oct.
27
1781
Gentlemen:
I accept
University
The
kindly
of the President
and Professors
of the
of William and Mary. ..
of
seat
of
object
the address
Literature
of
useful
of
National
learning,
Liberty,
at
Williamsburg
has
an
As
veneration.
Institution,
important
ever,
in
my
been
view,
for its
an
Communication
and conducive to the Diffusion of the true principles
be
assured,
that it shall receive every
encouragement and Benefaction in my power towards itls re- establishment.
The sick and wounded of the army which my necessities have compelled
to
me
may
you
trouble
you with,
shall
event which will be
An
permit,
be removed as soon as circumstances
as
pleasing
I
JOURI`-AL
Vol.
OF BARON
II,
On
the
LOUIS
1- 12.
pp.
19th
of
VON
am,
CLOSEN,
Transcript
November, [
to
me,
G.
etc.
as agreeable
will
to you.
W.
1780- 1782.
from Library
1781],
the
of Congress.
of
order
service
was
for
given,
Williamsburg. . .
The first moments of our winter quarters were used to get acquainted
with Williamsburg. . .
One
the
sees
College,
The
and
first
at
a
The
two
three
are
distance
of
Capitol
and
professors
two
there
large
buildings
very
well
built,
which
are:
the Capitol and the Governor' s House.
churches,
is
at
a
now
the
two
mile,
without
a
Instead
pupils.
ends
of the
one from the
large
magistrate. . .
of
that,
street,
opposite
it
other. . .
and the College without
buildings, as well as the
these
will be used for the establishment of hospitals and army
The
warehouses.
city
is
very
populated
now,
but
the war has made
a
lot of people unhappy. . .
In
spite
November,
for
the
of
recommendations
the
made
wings
of
the
was
redeuced
army,
the main part of the
to
ashes;
the
reach
were
of
one
in
this
wing
were
building,
taken
out
to
of
avoid
fires,
on
the
23rd
of
was used as hospital
fortunately, the fire did not
college,
which
and all the wounded officers whoe
it
in
time.
�245.
JOURNAL
OF
CHEVALIER
deCADIGNAN.
DUPLEIX
is
Williamsburg
a
ed and endowed
Lane,
E.,
John
p.
very
the
M.
At
each
Col.
end
Capitol,
the
the
Agenois
Regiment
Wmsburg.]
of
the
street
magnificent
there
buildings
is
found-
III and Queen Anne.
Chief Physician of the French Expeditionary
Revolution
from
Reprinted
(
Americana,
No.
Forces in
Vol.
1,
Y, II,
X
Jan.
1928.)
8- 9
The College
used
as
a
Dr.
of William and Mary was given over to the French
James
the
to
could
and
siege
I
opportunity
was
be
not
In
the
passing
and
they
were
not
more
boasted
and
ease
hospital,
whole
erecting
to
in
pit
a
each
upon
tious
and,
M.
of
were
the
sick
French
and
wounded
in
Americans,
I
garrison,
follows:
Washington
Gen.
cantoned
it
had
some
practice
and management of their
hospital,
their patients appear
their
I had
examples
than
French
aid
to
ever
Even
were.
we
seen.
were
them,
Nevertheless,
. . .
their
with
wounded,
no
more
all
fortunate
large
building, three stories high, by
reaching from the roof down
From this perpendicular conduit doors opened
of
a
boards,
common
hospital;
the
dropped
doubt,
DU MINISTERE
le
of
all
Virginia,
of
and all manner of filth and excrementithrown
and
down
this
common
into
sewer,
the
This sink of nastiness perfumed the whole house very sensibly
without
Photostat,
a
college,
earth.
floor
matters
ARCHIVES
of
hexagon,
the
below.
pit
the
in
successful
the
half
a
of
account
I was led to attribute their failure principally to two causes.
convenience,
they had contrived a common necessary for their
ours.
For
charge
above
dexterity
in
His
troops were
Being thus
the French
wards
clean,
than
in
here.
of Yorktown
and the French
left
of observing
neat
French hospital
capture
moved.
very
the
the
the northward
Williamsburg.
sick.
visited
Tilton
After
who
army and was
hospital.
returned
De
and
Ms.
in
D.
COSTE,
AmeriAan
town...
pretty
College
by William
JEAN- FRANCOIS
the
a
edifice:
public
Col.
Lieut.
during the War for American Independence.
from French by Warrington Dawson.
Translated
Col.
Cte
de
vitiated
DE
LA
all
the
GUERRE.
air
France,
within
Vol.
the
wards.
Fol.
3734 -
177- 178
Inc.)
Wmsbg.,
Rochambeau
au
Ge'nIral Washington.
De
le
Williamsburg
23.
Xbre
1781.
M
J' ai
par
rep
le
public
aussi
nous
etaient
vous
dans
avez
cette
tous les malades
et les meubles
ne songer qu' a arreter
V.
du
E.
10
de
incendie
une
ce
mois.
J' ai
...
a Washington,
nous
appris
en
sommes
ou it n' y a ni eau ni seau pour l' eteindre,
le
secours
blesses
officers
de
eprouve
villa,
les
apportions
nos
lettre
la
soir
que
desoles
quoique
ou
ce
a
plus
commence
Le
prompts.
le
branle,
Pavillion
du
College
apAs avoir sa_
uve
ou a et6 oblige de le laisser bruler et de
la communication
avec le principal
corps
du batiment.
I1 vient d' en arrives de me> e la nuit derniere au Gouvernmment au 4tait
l' hopital
effets...
americain,
Nous
avons
ou
a
remis
sauve
tous
tous
nos
les
malades,
malades
dans
le
la plus grande pantie des
Capitole. . . J' y ai fait
mettre une garde a la requisition du Colonel Menzies pour eviter que cet
accident
ne
se
renouvelle,
et pal fait tripler les precautions que nous
premiceu [?]
deja
pour
la
police
de
l' etablissement
de
l' hopital
du
College.
�246.
PAPERS
OF
GEORGE
WASHINGTON.
Vol.
189.
Photostat of following letter from Library of Congress]
Count de Rochambeau to George Washington.
Decer 24th 1781
Williamsburg,
Sir
I received
I have
learnt
suffered
have
we
this evening
no
the
by
report,
common
fire.
the
by
Your Excellency' s letter of the loth instant.
We
Buckets
that your Excellency' s seat has
likewi3e
are
put it out,
to
with
plagued
it
in
town,
this
where
tho'
we give all the Succours
we can,
with
the
greatest promptitude.
The Wing of the College where we
Lodged
our wounded
officers
has begun to be burnt down,
we carried away all
the
and
sick,
all the furniture,
but could only think about hindering the
of the fire with the main building.
communication
Last night,
the same accident
water
happened
to
saved
well
as
in
sick
the
be
at
be
to
the
WILLIAM &
the
in
which
At
it
Colonel
to
of
tripled,
the
the
s
for the police
COLLEGE
We
of
Count
from
Campagne
have
and
accident,
sick
ordered
I have
of the Establishment
Series,
2nd
QUARTERLY. ..
Rochambeau
Archives
Historiques
d' Amerique,
are
also
General
to
Vol.
having
2,
du
Vol.
the
Williamsburg
Dawson
the
were
a
caused
the
of our hospi-
College.
MJRY
From the
I
requisition,
same
all
We have put all your
effects...
Menzie'
prevent
hospital,
American
the
was
greatest part
round
set
precautions
tal
Palace,
as
Capitol.. .
the
to
guard
nor
XVII,
Washington.
Ministere
de
Tr.
la
234- 237
1781.
Dec.
23
pp.
by Warrington
No.
Guerre.
3734.
page 178.]
one
[
a
fire]
in this city where there is neither
water nor bucket to put it out although we are bringing help as promptly
as
The
possible.
officers
sick and
the
of
furniture,
the
keeping
Likewise
ing].
From
G.
President'
wing [
quartered
were
was
where
the
House]
of the
disaster
College
started.
where
our wounded
After saving all the
we were compelled to let it burn and to think only
from
conflagration
last night
Washington
s
Papers,
it reached
Libr- ry
to
spreading
of
Main
the
Building [
Wren
Build-
the Governor' s Palace...
Congress.
Letter
of -.
ea
to
Washington.]
On
22d
the
President'
s
a
took
pavilion
House]
for
the
fire,
which
officers,
then
was
attached
to
the
hospital
twenty- two, of whom
We had time to remove them elsewhere without
several
were
wounded.
severely
accident and lost only a few goods.
any
6 toises from the large hospital [ Wren
amounting
to
This pavilion was distant only 5 or
building] which, fortunately, was not
reached.
From Journal
the
General
of
de
the
army
Lauberdiere.
under
Ms.
the
orders
French
of
Priv.
the
Count
Rochambeau....
by
Owned.]
July,
1782.
The Governor
of Virginia also had in Williamsburg a very fine palace,. ..
This fine building,
as well as one of the pavilions of the University was
burned down in the course of the Winter owing to the negligence of a few
American
siege
of
soldiers
York.
who
had
been
transported
thither
wounded
or
sick,
after
the
�247.
IBID.,
S
Series,
2nd
Letter
of
A few days
and
after
the
the
soon
it
as
IBID.,
of York I returned to Williamsburg,
on general
Washington,
with an
things,
desiring him to give orders,
waited
Madison,
among
found
employed
we
be done
Series,
2nd
337- 8
pp.
Thomas Jefferson.]
other
which
could
to
the reduction
university,
college,
VI,
Wythe
mr.
accompanying
of
Vol.
George
conveniently.
VIII,
Vol.'
as
an
hospital,
31
.. .
Dec.
might
be
1781.
address
that
evacuated
so
Williamsburg.
246
p.
From a paper submitted to Congress in behalf of the claim of William
on
See
Mary College for damage to the buildings.
Revolutionary Claims, Thirty- first Congress,
Report
No.
report
Second
of
the
Comuittee
Session,
Senate
219.]
Some time in the year 1781,
certainly prior to the 17th day of October
and probably on about the 15th day of September of that year the French
troops
from
took possession
that
to
time
college buildings and used them for a hospital
Whilst those buile ings
May, A. D. 1782.
by them the President' s house and a portion of the buildby fire and some out buildings extensively injured. ...
were thus occupied
ing were destroyed
1110
IBID.,
Series,
2nd
From
in
Expedition
which
At Williamsburg
road
high
the
with
tavern
had
been
a.
he
engaged
was
two
guard
with notices
GRAHAM,
to
1779
18O1...
off;
front,
on
the
other
on
in
at
duty
moved
a
volunteer
ordered
the
shelter
afforded
leaping
suffered
were
is
ditch
unknown,
hurt.
men,
to
begun
to
stand
to
form
which
rain,
the
and
their
was covered
road.
the
the
arms,
As
soldiers
not ,
lieutenant
and
had
by the piazza, when a volley was
fire from the brushwood under the
students
at
the
to creep into
university,
the thicket
composing
a
unobserved.
with great presence of mind moved his picquet across the
the
from
direction
of the blazing
of young
having managed
corps,
men
the ground
to
round
made,
It had
lying.
the
to
company
lieutenant,
road,
were
was
80th
the
them
fire
large
a
in the direction
trees -
the
of
command
just
fired
The
sentinels
on
forming a parapet and serving as a fence to the college
out- picquets,
as
at a point
on one side of the road was a
?
ditch from which the earth
At the fork where the picquet was posted,
garden.
with trees except
where
they had been cleared away
usual
of the
Phillips'
of the 80th was posted
branched
roads
in
piazza
out,
from
1781.]
a picquet
where
thrown
XII,
Virginia,
to
of
191- 2
pp.
MEMOIR OF GENERAL
Vol.
Samuel,
Graham,
campaigne
of the
month
the
and
whence
forming
the
and not
shots
a
came,
British
behind
the parapet, he fired in
but whether any of the young men
soldier,
not even any of the sentinels,
them
�248.
PAPERS,
MA DISON
Vol.
From
I have
be
to
now
a
an
the
p.
1784
f.
15,
501
James Madison
Williamsburg Mch.
returned
of misery
to James
to this place
and
Madison
jr.
1782.
Ruin.
for little
friend
Our
else
indeed
Bellini. . . affords
then
me
otherwi$ e I know not that I could have scarce find a place. . .
asylum. . .
spent
1723,
49;
Rev.
at length
spectator
have
We
XIII,
to Madison,
Letters
the
in Botetourt...
You mentioned in one of your letters
formerly
I have now the pleasure of knowing him
he has been presented with the most honorable mark of distinction which our
University can confer, and promised to be very useful to it, and also to be
active in having a compensation given for our losses here. . .
the
JOURNAL
winter
of
name
Chastellux.
OF THE MEETINGS
1729- 1784.
of ye
PRESIDENT &
MASTERS
WILLIAM &
OF
MARY
COLLEGE
page 289
At
OF THE
Meeting
a
Resolved
the
At
293.]
page
of Doctor
is
following
of ye College
of civil Laws
a
Diploma. [
March
be
7th 1782
conferred
Diploma
in
upon
Latin
Genl
follows,
pp.
Meeting. . . on ye 12th June 1782.
a
Resolved that a Degree of Doctor of Physic be conferred upon Doctr Coste
Physician
to ye French
Army - of which ye following is a Diploma.
first
Diploma
Ibid.,
in Latin
At
301.]
page
December
on
Professors
that a Degree
of which
Chastellux
Ibid.,
Presidt &
Meeting
a
1782.
31.
follows
of
293- 294,]
President &
the
Professors of the University
.. .
RESOLVED that a Degree of Doctor of Law be presented to Thomas Jefferson
Ester of which the following is a Diploma.
Resolved
that
DIPLOMA,
[
Chastellux,
TRAVELS
London:
The
Marquis
NORTH
IN
the
1787,
College
Brafferton
Jefferson'
2,
its
library,
of the
eral
be
who
pp.
of William
I
most
of
ments
with
whore
the
as
add,
characters,
government.
I
was
and
Mary,
still
of £
Rate
50 per Annum.
pages 301- 303.]
as
whose founders are announced by the
which
the
the
zeal
success,
Doctors
Maddison,
at once
of these
does
Bellini & c.,
Wythe,
affording
Professors
precepts
and examples.
has
crowned with
been
and that they have already formed many dis-
ready to serve
Amongst
and
the edifice is surpassed by the richness
by the distinguished merit of sev-
books,
living
Williamsburgh,
embellishes
farther,
these,
their
it
connected.
particularly
of Williamsburg;,
University
the
209- 10
such
that
distinguished
tinguished
of
Professors,
may
must likewise
the
and that,
regarded
at
follows
1780- 1782
is a noble establishment
very name,
honour to Virginia.
The beauty of
of
rented
Latin
in
de
AMERICA,
Vol.
be
House
Diploma
s
for
is
country
with
in the various
pleasure
I
mention
After doing justice
such
is
the
College
departMr.
Short,
to the exertions
of William
and Mary;
290- 92]
�249.
if
it
be
for
necessary
observe
WILLIAM &
Copy
1848 -
for
cite
I shall only
miracles,
of Laws.*
1782.
PAPERS,
of
Resolutions
to
glory
me a Doctor
May,
COLLEGE
MARY
of
of
1st
Williamsburg,
further
its
that they created
Folder
of
Board
to
presentation
13- A Mss.
certified by Richard Randolph
Visitors -
College'
on
committee
s
against
claim
U.
S.
Government for damages during Revolution]
At a meeting
3d June
Andrews,
of the President
1782.
and
1st
2d
Charles
Resolved
that
from
received
That
Bursar
French
be
and Professors
of the University
President.
Madison,
George
on the
Robert
Wythe,
Belleni.
the
the
house
a
James
present
be
authorised
army,
rented
in
to
negotiate
for the destruction
for
town,
the use
of
the
Bills
of
of the Presidents
the
President
and
Exchange
house.
the
rent be paid out of the interest of the money due for the above Bills.
is
This
MARY
JOURNAL
in
also
COLLEGE. . . [
IBID.,
Folder
OF
THE MEETINGS
1729- 1784],
13-
P.
I4- STERS
PRESIDENT &
OF
OF WILLIAM
292.]
Ms.
A,
An account of Samuel Beall with the college for the rebuilding of the
president'
4111
1782.
June
s
house,
14 -
June
1782]
To a bill of exchange on the Treasury of France given for)
the
Mr Beall has paid at different
has
furnished
Articles
the
PAPERS,
MADISON
From
the
Vol.
Rev.
XIII,
for
President'
the
s
house
house
the
amount
in
same
is
the
)
Cash
752. 14. 6
paid College debts to )
purpose, &
of ----
Letters
to
613. 3. 5
1365. 18. 1
Madison,
59,
p.
f. 15,
505. [
notes
MFG]
James Madison to James Madison jr.]
Williamsburg,
to
1542. 13. 6
times for the Purpose of rebuilding
Presidents
And
of
destruction
June
15,
1782.
We had the other day the satisfaction of seeing the greatest Respect paid
our
Dr.
University.
Coste the first Physician to the French Army and who
great
a
favorite
of
Gen.
Chastellux...
d.elivered
a Latin
Oration
upon Medi-
cine in general with application to this country and you will probably soon
see
it
degree.
which
in
Print
Philadelphia.
He was presented at the same time with a
and principal officers attended upon this occasion
All the general
made
flagration
Degree
in
a
very
brilliant
of the house
conferred. March
occasion.. .
I
have
not
a
book
left
since
the
con-
in which I lived...
1,
1782.
See
Faculty
Journals.
MG
J
�250.
WILLIAM &
MARY
PAPERS -
COLLEGE
James
from
Letter
Folder
Madison
to
13
Ezra
Stiles,
Pres.
of
Yale
College.
Typed copy]
iJune
The College
of the
Students
deed
is
French
1782
Williamsburg
still an Hospital and has been such ever since the Arrival
Army;
as it was entirely evacuated both by Professors and
of this Part of the Country.
took Possession
Inlittle will be done,
the war, from it' s exposed Situaduring
the
when
fear
but
tho'
I
tion;
19th
we
Britons
to
mean
attempt
of
revival
a
and
it,
I
hope
with
new
Ardour,
as soon as Circumstances will permit.
I• shd
been
have
for
an
Use
of the
President
have
to
able
which
Accident,
I
shall
has
you
given
been
unfortunately
every Book and Paper which
for
ROCHAMBEAU
several
the
consumed
House
last
but
Auroras -
destined
and
winter,
to
the
with
it
I had.
CORRESPONDANCE
of
acct
an
regret,
always
Arch.
DU
Historique
Notes
W.
by
CONTE
DE
de
Ministere
de
Dawson -
la.
1781- 1782
his
with
enclosure
No.
Guerre.
3734
259
p.
Memorandum,
New
[
July 1782]
No.
Series
61,
April
18,
1931]
Adresse des Professeurs de l' Universite de Williamsburg a
M.
Nous les President
adresse
depart
au
mais
cour,
Nous
avec
de
le
Cte
de
Rochambeau
et professeurs
V.
non
de
la voix
qu' a
dans
F.
de Guillaume
la verite
home
langage
le
brave
et
la
et de Marie
prostitue
sincerite
une
presentons
flatterie
une
de
republicaine.
et meritant,
it ne peut arriver de plus
de ceux qui ant senti le prix de ses
et ont appris
a les
vertus
apprecier.
Permettez- nous de vous assurer que
pendant que la Virginie en general est penetree d' estime et de reconnaisance
croyons
grande recompense
vous
pour
et
un
que les applaudissems
braves
vos
pour
troupes,
son
universit' e
se
rejomit
en
cette
occasion de porter temoignage de beaucoup d' autres excellentes vertus qui
ordkent
votre
dignite,
et nous rendent encore plus cher le nom de votre Royal
maitrenom sacre en Amerique aussi que la Liberte et les droits du genre humain
seront
de
un
objet
de
sa veneration.
Nous desirons aussi plus particulierement vous exprimer notre reconnaissance
mani re
enereuse dont vous avez ordonne le ren:boursement a notre Universite
la
de la perte causee par un accident qui elude souvent toutes les precautions
possibles et quoique nous ayons regrette la necessite qui pour un tems court a
suspendu 1' application
de nos bltimens aux nobles desseins pour lesquels
ils
Nous avons ete heureux en reflecehissant que nous avons donne
asile aux gens qui ont verse leur sang dans la cause de l' Amerique.
Parmi beaucoup d' avantages substanciels que cette contree a deja eprouves
sont
et
designes.
qu'
elle
persuades
eprouvers
que les progrs
un nombre de caracteres
heureux
mains
nourricieres
Souffrez
glorieuse,
nobles
la
presages,
que
inferieur,
que
ainsi
la
de
nous
est
victorie
vous
avez
de
encore
sa
connection
des connaissances
distingues
aussi
science
votre
France,
utiles ne seront
nous
sommes
pas les moindres,
dans votre arme'e nous en produit les plus
bien
la liberte aquerra vigueur des
que
que come votre
entree
dans
cet Etat a ete
Vous avez moissionne les lauriers les plus
donner,
et ce qui n' est pas peut- etre un triomphe
depart.
puisse
obtenu
la
nation.
ajcutions,
votre
avec
la
sincere
affection
d' un
peuple
reconnaissant.
�William & Mary
THE
VIRGINIA
Vol.
I No.
GAZETTE,
34.
CR THE AMERICAN
Saturday,
August
College.
ADVERTISER
10,
1782.
p. 3. c. 3
WWC
Williamsburg,
THE
VISITORS
meet
at
into
consideration
the
said
of the
college
a
College
on
Monday
variety
August
of William
and
the
day
second
1782.
3,
Mary
i±*±
are requested
to
of September next,
to take
of business,
which the situation of the country
for some time past has not permitted to be attended to.
JCHN
Ibid.,
Vol.
I,
No.
37.
Saturday,
August
William and
THE
and
Mary
Public
to
is
PUBLIC
now
Lebtures
afford
time
are
open
hereby
for
the
is postponed
for
those
31,
Mary,
informed,
BLAIR,
Rector. "
1782.
August
9,
1782.
That the University
of William
reception
of Students:
The Commencement
until
first
in
the
to assemble
wish
who
Monday
to
profit
October,
by
in
them:
of
order
But
the
Professors will give instructions privately to those who attend before the
above- mentioned
time.
upon
terms.
reasonable
William &
Mary
College
Many
The
respectable
families
inconveniences
which
in tarn will board
have
Students
ormerly felt make it
necessary also to inform the Public that the
usual
fee will
be expected
upon entrance,,
over]
�THE VIRGINIA
Saturday,
GAZETTE,
September
CR THE
ADVERTISER,
AMERICAN
1782.
7,
[
William & nd
AS
Mary
as
the
few
NOTICE
many years,
convenient
as possible
27th
day
of
October
is
hereby
to them,
next
Mary
College,
I
No.
August
sett led with the College
have
SURVEYORS
for
Vol.
38
WIC)
to the
given,
the Bursar
2d
day
20,
1782.
of William and
That to render a settlement
will
attend in Richmond from
Suits will be
of November:
immediately commenced against those who shall not then bring or send in
their accounts...
ROBERT
ANDREWS."
�251.
IBID.,
Address of the Professors of the University of
Williamsburg
to the Count of Rochambeau
We the President and Professors of William and Mary are presenting an
the
at
address
departure
flattery,
court
of
Your
Excellency,
not in the
servile
language
of
but with the voice of truth and with republican sincerity.
We believe that to a brave and meritorious man there can come no greater
reward than the applause of those who have felt the value of his virtues and
have
learned
to
them.
appreciate
Permit
to
us
assure
while
that,
you
Virginia
as a. whole is filled with esteem and gratitude for you and your brave troops,
its University takes deep pleasure on this occasion to bear testimony to many
excellent
other
which
virtues
adorn
and ( which)
dignity
your
render
still
more dear to us your name.
Translated
General
de
Journal
of
Campaigns
W.
by
Dawson]
Lauberdiere,
the
of
Army
Under
1780,
1781,
Ms.
the
French.
Lauberdiere. (
of
Orders
1782,
the
Count
Rochambeau,
During
the
and 1783 in North America by the General de
Notes &
Trans.
by Warrington
Dawson.)
1782.
July,
Before
town.. .
leaving Williamsburg,
Its
street
main
is
a
I nevertheless wish to say a word about this
and
long...
mile
leads
at one
end
to
the
Capitol
and at the other to the University.
The
is
Capitol
built
so
and
building
the
front.
JOURNAL
OF
is
as
a
and
have
a
two
pavilions
which
THE MEETINGS
Meeting
it
appearance.
are
of
OF
THE
joined
not
PRESIDENT &
pp.
as
It
to
a
hospital.
is composed
it,
and
Tie University
of a large
which
are
that
the
President &
MASTERS
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY COLLEGE
Professors of the University on September the
1782
the Plank now in possession
of to
Mr
Saunders,
at
the
rate
of
of the Steward be disposed
a Penny
The
per foot;
Steward to reserve as much as will be necessary for repairs
in & about
Resolved
main
towards
295- 6
2d
Resolved
used
We
spacious.. .
handsome
Before the War this University was famous.
1729- 1784],
At
vast
to
that
the
the
the
two
Garden
be
College.
Houses
between
disposed
of
by
the
Mr
College &
Saunders.
the Barn adjoining
�252.
IBID.,
296- 7
p.
28.
Septr
4110
Resolved
that so many of the Negroes
1782
not employed
about
the College
be
Sold to defray the Expence of repairing the Buildings.
Resolved
each
that
Student,
of
privilege
use
of
the
on
Librarian &
the
pay 10/ per annum
matriculating,
one
Library,
for the
third of it shall be for the
the other two thirds
laid out in purchasing
Books for the Library.
HUTMPHREY
Ms.
HARWOOD
B Folio
LEDGER -
16
Colonial Williamsburg]
William &
Dr]
College -
Mary
1782
Septemr
28 To Account
Ordered
LEE
BOOK
LETTER
No.
4,
Virginia. Historical
of
Letter
Oct.
110
Delivered
in and Received,)
paid
be
to
95:
7:
9
92- 3
pp.
Society
William
Brussels,
Lee,
brother,
his
to
R.
H.
Lee
in
Virginia,
1782]
1,
The plan you seem to think best adapted for my son I know is utterly
to any good purpose,
therefore you can easily judge of my
embarrassment
to determine what is to be done,
in my present situation.
impracticable
A good seminary for the education of Youth being so very essential to the well
being,
happiness, &
government
vigorous
must
measures
ever
HUMPHREY
Ms.
be
prosperity
the
permits
dependent &
HARWOOD
LEDGER
Colonial
taken
not
are
of a community
of W. &
college
to
inferior
Folio
B-
and
1782
Decemr
18
By
By
astonished
neglected.
If
some
yt yr
wise
and
remedy yt. evil tis evident that your
to the Northern
and Eastern
States.. .
state
16
College-
Mary
PER
21
I am greatly
be
to
Williamsburg]
William
Novemr
M.
Cash
a
hhd
Recd
of
of
the
Tobacco
Per
Contra
Cr ]
CONTRA
Reverand
Weight
Cr
Robt
9791b
Andrews
Neat
in
part - - £
C. 20/
30:
0:
0
9: 15: -
1783
January
Novemr
21
1
By
By
An
Order On Matthew
Cash
of Mr
Robert
Anderson
Accepted
for
Andrews
15:
2: -
20: 18:
9
75: 15:
9
By An Order Given Mr John Bracken on you
for £ 20:
0:
Q&
accepted
20:
0: -
95: 15:
9
�253.
OF
JOURNAL
TIIE
From
CHURCH,
three
In
S
FRANCIS
REV.
THE
1771,
7,
August
Wednesday
11 [
Church,
Episcopal
of
seat
from
it -
The
and
some
building,
and
is
few
to
or
ell
are
JOURNAL
OF
THE
MEETINGS
At
of
Meeting
a
p.
the
mad,
equally
it
that
the
is
and
of
might,
the
suffering;
burnt. -
The capitol
the
not
college
the
palace,
is no great
and
splendid,
but whether because none are
desolate,
be difficult
MASTERS
to
OF WILLIA' I &
perhaps,
tell.
MARY
COLLEGE
301
Professors of the University on
President &
December
Resolved
the
Williamsburg --
never
THE PRESIDENT &
OF
for
formerly the
thus the worldly glory is
had any.
I preached in James-
to
rode
exterior
is
Mason,
T.
and
352
Richmond;
houses
the
ruin;
I
to
EPISCOPAL
1815.
Bangs
p.
glory it
suffered
Bedlam- house
insane,
1729- 1784],
has
good dwellingthe
students;
divine
place
going
I,
1782i.
removed
now
to
as
house.
court
barracks,
but
but
7,
N.
by
1821,
December,
government,
departed
city
of
December
Pub.
York;
New
volumes,
Methodist
BISHOP OF THE METHODIST
ASBURY,
to
Brafferton'
1782.
31,
s House
be
rented
at
the
Rate
of
E50 per Annum
Abbe Robin
VOYAGE
NOVEAU
DE L' ARMEE
DANS
DE M.
Philadelphia &
At
the
is
other
LE
L'.
NERIQUE
COMTE
DE
EN L' ANNEE 1781
ET CI MPAGNE
Paris: 1782)
end
is
of
the
library
of experimental physics.
There
SEPTENTRIONALE
ROCHAMBEAU
a
some
College,
3,
000
with accommodations
for
and a fairly
volumes,
300
students.
complete
laboratory
Thomas Jefferson
NOTES
ON
STATE
THE
Philadelphia:
1825)
OF VIRGINIA [
P.
205- 7,
in
Written
corrected
1781,
enlarged
&
in
1782]
208- 9
The college of William and Mary is the only public seminary of learning
in
this
state...
The
buildings
of perhaps
government of
accommodation
under
have
to
a
the
a
of
the
Greek
philosophy,
a.
president
representative
sixth
the
and
and
in
of
twenty
six
the
of
the
brick,
divinity,
who
and
were
Under
their
by
be
to
an
indifferent
its
it was to be
legislators,
incorporated.
this
of
established.
donation
for
By its charter
were
professorship
were
considerable
Indians,
who
assembly.
a
sufficient
students.
professors,
languages,
a
of
visiters,
general
professorship,
instruction
are
hundred
and
Latin
two
an
charter,
conversion
a
mathematics,
these
To
Mr.
It
Boyle
to
were
of
was
and
allowed
professorship
one of moral
annexed,
England,
Christianity.
for
This
for
�254-
called
was
of
the
and
Latin
of
professorship
filled
Greek
the
The admission
Brafferton. ..
with
college
of the learners
This rendering
children.
it dis-
agreeable and degrading to young gentlemen already prepared for entering on
the
sciences,
they were discouraged from resorting to it, and thus the
for
schools
of
in
the
the
objects
and
that
the
of
the
the
revenues
the
acquire
in
which
philosophy,
The
visiters,
confined
of
for
to
only
constitution
therefore
being
moral
little.
very
ing those who came
present revolution,
stances
and
mathematics
became
service,
too
might
were
of
rudiments
science.
of
number
For
it
And
is
the
schools
and
change
for divinity,
others;
Nations,
and
to
so
the
that
Fine
Arts:
Languages:
the
Brafferton.
so
proposed,
soon
as
the
legislature
shall
have
leisure
to
take
to desire authority from them to increase the number of proas well for the purpose of subdividing those already instituted,
up
fessorships,
of adding
for
others
of
branches
other
science.
the Brafferton institution would be better answered
mission among the Indian tribes. . .
The purposes of
by maintaining a perpetual
208]
p.
The
111,
some
subject,
this
as
After
undertook
professorships,
at present they stand thus:
A Professorship
for Law and Police;
Anatomy and Medicine:
Natural Philosophy and Mathemetics:
Moral
Philosophy, the Law of Nature
Modern
of
in accommodat-
-
Greek
the
been
having no power to change those circumwhich were
fixed by the charter,
college
They excluded the two
professorships.
substituted
and
languages,
and Latin
the
have
exhausted
only
the
The
college
and
would
roofs,
WILLIAM &
be
MARY
Journal
buildings
public
and
college,
the
hospital
hospital
taken
COLLEGE
are
for
the
Tuesday,
rude,
are
all
misshapen
of
piles,
the
capitol,
them
in
the
palace,
Williamsburgh. . .
which,
but that they have
brick- kilns.
1st
Series,
Vol.
XI,
p.
186
Macaulay]
25th [ Feb.
1783]
Genevese . . . We
unfortunate
lunatics,
QUARTERLY,
of Alexander
mention
worthy
for
At
stept
into
A.
nine
the
M.
took
our
leave
of
the
Carriage...
Thus was our time spent until we opened the spires of Williamsburg, &
could
discern
the
remarkable
plainly
Colledge,
branches
ferent
Musick;
Theres
for
walking
the
of Literature;
all the liberal
the
JOURNAL.
Geese
the
Law,
Arts
on
excellence
Theres
top of the Capitol!
of its Professors in all the dif-
the
Physic, &
are here
Philosophy; Poetry, Painting,
cultivated to the greatest perfection;
Capitol ...
OF
THE MEETINGS
OF
THE
PRESIDENT &
MASTERS
OF
WILLIAM &
MARY
1729- 1784]
At
a
Meeting
of
the
President &
Professors
March
Resolved
that
the
new
wooden
work
25th
sent
of the University
on
1783
to
Richmond
be
disposed
at the Price they cost the College with an addition of
10.
p
cent.
of
COLLEGE
�255.
IBID.,
At a Meeting
of the President and Professors
July 12, 1783
The Society
the
with
being
of
works
Resolved
presented
father
his
that the Society
of the University
by Dr Wilson
Late
the
express
of Bath in Great
of
Bishop
in a letter
Sodor &
on
Britain
Man
to Dr Wilson
the Sense
they have
of so valuable an Addition to the Library of this University.
PAPERS,
MARY COLLEGE
WILLIAM &
Folder
105- B
Photostat of pages from Proceedings of Massachusetts Historical Society,
Vol.
1877)
XV (
Moral
of
left
Philosophy
Virginia
Letter
232
page
to
from
the
James
in
England
to
return
Rev.
Middlesex,
seq. Sketch of the
College of William
et
at
Madison
Mary,
harrow
Henley,
Henley
on
the
Hill,
Eng.]
Va,
Williamsburg,
Dear
Professor
Henley,
1770- 1775.
1775.]
May,
Professor
to
Samuel
Rev.
and
6,
Aug.,
1783
Sir, -
I
have
taken
first
the
since the restoration of peace between
to inform you of the misfortune which has befallen
the two boxes of books
I assure you. . . that everything
you left in the college.
was done by me to secure them against the calamities and confusion to which
this
exposed
The boxes
part of the country was particularly
during the war.
in which they were packed were too large to be conveyed into the public
I then ordered
them to be carried
over
library, as I found upon expepment.
I lived.
s house,
But
that
to the President'
in which
house,
with everything
consumed
furniture, &
was
it contained,
c.,
shared an equal
My books,
by fire.
fate with your property.
our
respective
There
indeed,
was,
complete,
some
of
Bracken,
Mr.
opportunity,
countries,
a
the
few
volumes
of
volumes
to
of
Locke,
take
yours saved
and one or
of
from
two
the
flames, -
other
books.
Tacitus
will,
this,
should you meet
inform you more particularly...
to the fire,
about £ 30 stg.
Fortunately, Mr. Jefferson had taken, previous
a
law in
worth of your books.
this country,
By
they were subject to confiscation.
It appeared more prudent to part with a few than to expose the whole to
certain
loss.
He will,
I am persuaded, after having the books
valued,
transmit
a bill according to their amount...
who
promises
charge
him,
former
Your
well.
are
college,
it has
Mr.
now
friends
dignified
been much
in
place-- except Mr.
of law;
Dr.
M'
professor
is
Wythe
this
with
injured
the
name
of
The
Clurg
University,
friend
J.
4111
COLLECTION -
Pennsylvania
James
AMERICAN
Historical
Madison
Being informed
to
the
of
physic, &
begins
to
more--
c.
Our
flourish,
though
and
servant,
Madison
BISHOPS
Society
Governor]
the Executive
Williamsburg, Sept. 1783
has purchased the Ficyclopedia I take
( relying upon your dispostion to give every encouragement
cution
of useful Science)
to request
the loan of that work for
erty
is no
by the war.
Your
DREER
who
Everard,
the lib-
of the Prosea
short
time.
�Letter.
Thomas
Anne Hume
1783.
Lee
Shippen
D. C.
Shippen,
Livingston,
Papers ,
Family
Photostat
[
to
Pennsylvania] .
of
Library
Research
copy ,
Foundation.
liamsburg
Williamsburg [ Virginia]
Philadelphia
i
1:-.
1 1641-
1/
4
Congress ,
Department ,
The
Mrs .
October
29 ,
Washington,
Colonial
Wil-
3 pp.
Octor
Williamsburg.
29 .
1783 .
My dear Nancy,
I
I
which
wrote
suppose
letter
a
you
have
you
from
Richmond
received ,
Col.
by
I
tho '
Monroe
fear not
of
answered .
In it I promised to give you an account as soon 1 was able
of
Ladies
the
tual
in
tired
almost
one
to
the
my
Booth & Miss
subject
it
of
I
saw
her
to
in
situation,
her
to
now
Peggy '
but
her
I
find
you any
first
time
information
that
her
mien,
and
she
looks
to
I
on the
deal of youthful
in
she
have /
would
She hears
own.
to
seems
it
the
bloom
the
most
conquer ,
she
with
no
objection
pleasure
of
little
and wishes she had such a play thing.
Miss Burwell has what may be called a wicked
other ,
she
is
manners ,
fancy
accomplishments ,
The
most
this
grace
her
one to Grand papa and
She tells me she knew you when you were
enslave.
changing
s
look [ ; ]
often
in
elegance
speaks
face ,
tho '
now,
Last night
for
you.
admired Belles ,
a Miss
of these has a great
in
me
address
to give
my power,
beauties .
induces
promises ,
letters ,
the
that
in
innocence
attractive
of
so
A desire of being always punc-
to
sic]
two
Burwell ,
The first
and
two
writing
Arthur) [
time
had
this
with
Uncle
first
have
of
place.
of my
performance
the
court
abstracted
but
admiration,
from
I
imagine
does
not
desire.
I am sure Miss Nancy Tollive[ rj' would frown very severely
upon
if
me
Wmsburg ,
she
knew,
I
did
not
for my neglect
as
has
Mr
Wythe
come
generally
there
is
which
at
proceed
within
whose
supposed
a
want
prevents
that when
mention
of
my
Taliaferro.
my
first .
to delineate
own
house
to
speaking
her
I
be
have
animation
giving
her
once
She
dined
prettiest
in
the beauties
will
lives
with
girl
[ interlined:
the
now with
of
sorrow
as much of her character
observation.
the
of
I
preference.
now
with
her.
in
her]
She
her
She
town,
uncle
is
but
countenance ,
has
however
�Shippen :
fine
eyes ,
extremely
counted
give
to
play
Ludwell
her
upon
travelled
sorily
to
friend
our
little
a
not
features , and
diffident , but very
good
Williamsburg
a
this
slaves ,
/
conquests .
over
You
spacious
imagination.
your
She
her
among
it
&
see
field,
The
she
complexion,
charming
well bred.
I
2-
1783
-
is
who
prides
have
is
has
herself
most
cur-
with a design merely
next
time
I
write
upon
it I will endeavour to do it more justice.
In the mean time farewell and be happy.
You
have
always
best
my
wishes ,
and hopes
that you
will never omit an opportunity of contributing as much as
to
possible
the
comfort
ease ,
&
happiness
of our
common
bene-
factress and very dear Mamma.
Please
next
Door ,
regards
remember
me very affectionately
to my Cousins
and to any body and every body to whom you think my
will
be
acceptable
your very dear brother and true
friend
Thomas
Lee
Shippen
I forgot to mention Mrs Beall ' s very affectionate
ies after
my dear Mamma
and her politeness
and attention
inquirto me .
I am to dine with her today by invitation and to carry as many
friends as I please.
Ludl [ Ludwell] goes with me .
Addressed : ]
Mrs
Anne
Hume
Livingston
Beeter- William-
Shippers-
PHILADELPHIA
Postage : ]
4
Transcribed :
CSS -
24
July
1978
3nnr
�256.
The College has intentions of importing it but if that belonging to the
Council Library could be spared untill an importation of the best edition
411/
could be effected
your Favour...
JOURNAL
OF
it would be esteemed
THE MEETINGS
OF
by the
PRESIDENT &
THE
Society
MASTERS
OF
as a singular
WILLIAM
AND
mark of
MARY
COLLEGE
1729- 1784]
At
of
Meeting
a
President &
the
Professors
October
Resolved
of the University
14th
on
1783.
that every Student who takes a Room in College
shall repare all
Damages done during his continuance in it.
IBID.,
At
a
313- 314
pp.
Meeting
The
of
Society
the
being presented
of
Professors
President &
Chevr.
General
by
the
University
de
Novr.
on
Chastellux
with
25,
1783.
an
elegant edition of the work of De La Felicite publique.
Resolved that the President express in a Letter to him the high sense they
have of the favour conferred by so valuable a Testimony of his esteem for
4110
them.
WILLIAM &
COLLEGE
MARY
PAPERS,
Folder
Mr
James
in
account
13-
Ms.
A
Madison
with
Samuel
Beall
Dr
1783.
Sept
Currency
To
John
To
29.
ditto,
Greenhow,
Cash
2.
To
500.
6d
9.
Octr
To
Cash
paid
3/,
James
To
100
8d
5.
To
50 10d
nails
Decr
10.
To
John
To
Humphrey
To
John
with
3. 12. 6
6
13.
5. 2.
6. 6
him - - - [£]
300
ditto
2/
Wray
nails
Novr
exchanged
him
pd
nails
Goods
sundrys
Greenhow
1.
8d ( 10th)
your
Harwood
Saunders
8
3
6
8. 11.
0
ditto
order
ditto
Cash
0
16. 13.
10d
6.
1. 11.
600
paid
him
34.
I do hereby
certify
that the above
Expence
was incurred
in
the necessary Repairs of the House rented by the College of
Mr
Blair,
for my use.
James
May
Endorsed]
Mr.
Blair'
14th
1789.
s
May 4.
house.
Madison
1789.
Mr Beall' s Acct
with Mr Madison
for repairs
to
0. 11
�257.
Schoepf,
Johann David
TRAVELS
IN THE CONFEDERATION,
Trans.
411/
Alfred
by
We
Williamsburg.
One
count
may
larger,
the
buildings
the
high- street
arrived
dosed
the
called
William &
as
days'
two
towns
journey
of
about
them
comely.
Capitol...
Exactly
230.
The
in
east
honor
end
of
the
Capitol,
this
opposite
College,
the
stands
from Richmond. .. .
even if not among
. . .
All the public
America,
only
the
78- 81
pp.
of
several
street,
1911)
being
and
by
high-
in
there
houses
of
brick,
Philadelphia:
handsomer
the
among
number
of
is
of
end
west
this
are
1783- 1784.
Morrison. (
J.
of
the
at
royal
the
founders
former.
the
JOURNEY
A
Ms.
HORSEBACK
ON
State
Virginia
Note:
A
sudlichen
We
Williamsburg.days journey.
two
and
in
honour
to
a
its
of
its
behalf.
vereinigten
two
Schoepf'
but
storeys,
CHARLESTON
TO
S.
CAR.
Reise
s "
not
so
tasteful
IN THE YEAR 1783.
durch
einige
der
Staaten . . . 1783, 1784."
nordamerikanischen
royal
a
63
town,
this
has
only
end
it
of
Western
Blair,
the
houses .. .
Street,
same
William
and
patrons,
Scottish clergyman,
had
Richmond,
Directly
stands
the
College.-
Mary
who
from
distant
miles
230
some
a
opposite
College
It
opened
in
owes
the
named
its
existence
subscription
in
...
Blair,
Mr.
filled
and
PHILADELPHIA
reached
.. .
the
at
James
Mr.
of
building
1788]
Enlargen,
Capitol
FROM
A
Library, pp. 124- 131)
of part of Vol. II of
trans.
and
mittlern
a
College.
Mary
himself
who
bequeathed
large
to
sums
it,
was its first President,
The object of his individual
post for 50 years.
donation was the establishment of an educational institution for Indian Children,
which plan was really put into execution and pursued for sometime,
but
as not
to its
aim and
Experience had
finally relinquished
purpose.
responding
taught
that
had
time
and
this
Indian
been
their
still
every opportunity to elude the discipline
and with intense pleasure to return to
native,
semi- barbarian,
and careless mode of life. .. Notwithstanding
this
enterprize
was
given up as fruitless,
the real or proper College
exists
in its halls are taught the advanced sciences.It is the only
College
in
exercised
treatise
on
lodge
of
the
of
students,
city
the
Medical
The
comfortable
for
Medicine,
school
present
rooms
languages,
is
Dr.
of
number
in
the
author
is
students
College,
and
Philosophy,
Maclurg,
while
the
of
Mathematics.-
a valuable
about
Some
50.-
rest
lodge
Doctor
men
young
after
degrees
having
of all
ended
the
their
various
course
of
schools
are
studies
here,
of
and
36 to 40 Virg. pounds per annum.
The total annual
including lectures need not to exceed 100 Virg. pounds ( 333
from
Dollars). -
most
used
them,
colonies at this time and has a corp of Profes-
Law,
Gall.
the
in
in
Spanish
over
all the Southern
Professor
them
invariably
teaching Theology,
sors,
The
on whose education and moral training much labor and
youths,
spent. ..
supervision
that
yet
honourable
board
expenses
awarded
here,
prefer
finishing their education at some English or Scottish University and there to
with
graduate
J.
F.
A
TOUR
honours_
1
Smyth
D.
IN
There
THE UNITED
is
commanding
William
high
and
one
STATES
handsome
object
Mary,
each
an
street
way:
old
OF AMERICA, (
the
monastic
in
London:
1784),
I,
p.
it. ..
17
where the view is terminated
Capitol...
structure,
at
one
at
end. ..
the
by a
and the College of
other
end.
�Letter .
Thomas
father,
Shippen,
William
of
University
February 5 ,
Colonial
[
Williamsburg, Virginia] to his
Jr. ,
Professor of Anatomy ,
Shippen,
Philadelphia ,
1784.
[
Shippen
Washington,
ress ,
The
Lee
Doctor
D. C.
Philadelphia ,
Family
Photostat
Williamsburg
Library of Cong-
Research
copy ,
Department ,
4 pp.
Foundation.
11
Pennsylvania] .
Papers ,
OClock.
Feb !
5.
1784.
My dear Papa ,
I am just returned from visiting my good friends and
Mr
masters
and
Madison
Mr
Wythe
Mr
at
Madison'
I
s .
had
the
pleasure of spending an hour with the Attorney General who
is
a
on
you
which you
that
my
he
dear
He was exceedingly
is .
always
was
remember
stranger .
letter
here .
visit
know
as
Mamma
He
mine
meant
soon
For
put
certainly
though
as
out
nose
my
we
me
left
I
when
say in
of joint
and attentive
in
the
opinion
Pa [ Pennsylvania]
to introduce
Why have you not mentioned
?
polite
confirmed
us
to a
little
him to me in every
vulgar
, yet
he
phrase ,
I assure
will
you I feel
myself very much interested in his behalf.
received
I
of
and
6.
the
last
by
of JanY
post
the
your
one 4 the
letters
other
of
the
5 weeks
of Decr
30.
on the
road.
This delay was I suppose occasioned by the badness of the roads .
Your
letters
tho '
of so old dates were very pleasing to me
as they informed me of yours and my dear Mamma ' s health and
happiness .
I want much to hear what sort of a winter you have
had as I should suppose from the complaints of the people here ,
have
you
never
in
provided
they
to
feel
cold
more
I
For
so.
such
for
it
a
one.
against
place
sensibly than we
from cold to heat .
ever
my political
assumed
the
oration
cold
so
more
and
variable ,
Country
known
this
And
Indeed they are so illy
inclemency of weather , that
the
changes
sudden
indeed
I
think
from
the
travelled
if
of
character
first
always
I
/
through.
Last Saturday was the day of
day on which I first
may call so , the
a
Legislator,
for
time
appears
to
then
I
delivered
very
erected,
propriety
an
in our grand and august Assembly.
me ,
but on that day particularly
I have in a former letter told you its constituent
but
heat
climate
and the transitions more sudden here than in any
birth,
the
any
do
parts ,
lately Mr Wythe has had a lofty presidential Seat
which adds very much to his dignity and may with great
be
called
his
hobby
horse,
this
entre
nous .
This
�Shippen:
Williamsburg -
1784
-
2-
throne has a greater effect in throwing damp upon the spirits
of
the
to
be
than
speaker ,
but
sure,
having
Facundak
Horace "
imagine .
can
you
applied
calices ,
quem
in
I was prodigiously
small
a
degree
fuere [ fecere ?]
non
alarmed
line
this
of
disertum" [ ?] ,
I surmounted the difficulties which were opposed to me by my diffidence ,
than
I
and the solemnity
of the occasion,
my youth,
myself or any of my friends
expected.
And the
with tho '
I did not
think I deserved
it , repaid
and anxiety I felt on the occasion.
The subject
met
pain
Impost
recommended
in
its
all
to
make
It
such
troyed ,
for
which,
for
I
the
the
attacked
and was supported by
violence,
to find that I had made many
committed ;
now
in
in
last
then
effort
be,
probably
is
alterations
and
final
bill
the
and
me
was
to my opinion among those who had been warmly attached
bill.
the
warmth
I had the satisfaction
proselytes
to
Congress ,
by
with
parts
Ludwell.
a
much better
applause
I
the
throw
that
it
those
to
who
and we mean in the Committee
Bill,
the
stage,
out ,
that
its
end
will
be
des-
viz at the third reading make
the
consequence
supported
it ,
in
of which will
its
original
shape ,
will join us in throwing it out under its then modification.
I
am
very
sorry
oblige
you
derive great satisfaction
of
a
be
as
friend,
and
desire
you
set
Latin
which
apart
at
curtail
to
me
letters .
my
I
used
to
from unburthening myself in the bosom
lengthened
single
of
for
ones
bottom
much
so
could
page ;
letters .
my
But they shall
future.
the
Word
be " June"
or
illegible
possibly
a
word
resembling " fuere ( above) .
The Latin quote may not be
does not appear
in Black' s Legal Dictionary ,
and cannot
correct ;
find individual words in Latin dictionary . ] /
My
with my Landlady,
quarter is finished,
and the time come when
should pay her 9 guineas ;
I owe
10 to the professors [ ; ]
my little
debts
begin to accumulate
and
know that
I have
no
you
money.
King
I
has not made his appearance nor is there any probability that he
will.
ever
So
that
which
I
I
have
not
heard
from
I
all
have
had
since
I
left
Richmond
40
from
my
received
understand
the
from
Mr
H.
Grason [
Brown,
sic] ,
has
been
20
Uncle, &
or
60
from
Baylor.
Drs
[ Dollars]
I
you.
can ' t
of
your Quare [ query ?] ?
Did you not know
had lent me 60 Drs and that I had lived upon it 2 months ?
It gives me great pain to be obliged to write so often on this subject .
But I ' m sure you ' ll forgive me.
Mr
that
nature
H.
My very dear Mamma ,
May I congratulate you on having given birth to another image
of yourself and on a happy recovery from the dangers which attended
it
of
a
?
May
dear
thing
postage
ged
me
a
Pgr,
about
expense
as
tr,
if
An
brother ,
you
-
t ' were
1 ,-
joy
who
will
friend ?
constant
and
Tr.
his
of
the
anticipate
little
fortunes ,
every
I
him.
note . ]
dying
I
be
am [
being
in
welcomed
life
eager]
My dear Papa
a
[
with
by
the
[ sm] iles
part] ner of my
impatience
fearing
to
know
the dread 3/ 9
which a double letter exacts has begwish
to
write
small
letters ,
hoping thereb
�Shippen:
to
least
at
save
the
attribute
let
me
make
you
will
you
would
of
sure
a
one
be
a
write
her
to
this
in
which
it
grant
letter
to
correspondence,
letter.
I
am
without
my
1784
3-
To this circumstance you must
pence.
of
request
able
18
whole
shortness
Williamsburg -
dear
thanking
But
much
Mrs
her
before
much
very
I
difficulty .
Bird ,
for
conclude ,
concerned.
It
I
is
trust
that
soliciting the pleaher
politeness
[
to]
me and informing her with that delicacy which always distinguishes
your writing
amiable
that
I write with so much rapture
daughters ,
of her and her
that you fear they have taken from you my heart .
A letter of such complexion couched in your language is the best
return I can make her for her extreme kindness to me and I entrust
you
not
close
vanced ,
take
to
it
in
and
it
deny
as
I
if
me
letter
a
to
have
you
me
love
me.
unsealed.
determined
to
I will thank you to en-
/
The night is very far adseal
my
letter
tonight ,
I
must
leave of you with an ardent wish that your happiness may never
know an alteration.
With
regard
the
most
heartfelt
affection
I sign myself as in truth I am your
dutiful
son
Thomas
Lee
Shippen
Addressed: ]
Doctor William Shippen Junr
Professor of Anatomy in the University of
PHILADELPHIA
Postage : ]
1/ 10
Transcribed:
4
CSS -
love &
24
July
1978.
�dJ
iG -[
Letter.
Thomas
of William
Shippen,
ily
[
Papers ,
attending law school at the College
Virginia]
Mary , Williamsburg,
Professor
Jr.
Philadelphia
of
of
Library
to
Anatomy [ University
Pennsylvania] .
Research
copy,
Shippen [
Lee
and
j
February
Congress ,
Department ,
19 ,
Doctor
William
of Philadelphia] ,
1784.
Washington,
Shippen
D. C.
Fam-
Photostat
The Colonial Williamsburg
Foundation.
3 pp.
Feby.
My
very
dear
and
Papa
Mamma ,
The
last
the
60h
of
JanY.
feel
at
not
dated
I
1784 .
19 .
always
letter
I had the pleasure
The
pain and
from you
hearing
to receive
from you was
however ,
mortification
[ interlined :
is
at
which
present]
considerably alleviated
winter rather than your
by the reflection that the severity of the
forgetfulness has been the cause of your
late
found
has
been
mail
no
have
I
as
silence ;
all
at
from
for
several
weeks
Northward.
the
past ,
that
there
Very few circumstances
indeed could induce the painful belief that my dear Papa and Mamma
had
forgotten
so long and so sensibly have I experienced their
me ,
kindness .
I am very
reached
much afraid
received,
No
the
to
able
of my
folio
letters
have
prolixity
you taught me to expect
send me some very soon,
be
none
I
find you are already heartily tired
of my letters , ) ] I wish you to have
as they contain an account of my situation and necessiKing or Brown had then, or have now [ , ]
sent me the money
you,
of [ interlined:
ties .
that
which ( though
from
my
I was prevented
say.
shall
What
them.
creditors
I
do,
better
perhaps
from writing
unless
than
I
you
can,
last week by some
may
un-
expected business on the morning of the post day until which time
I
deferred
had
don
For this however I dare say you will parYou tell me in your last letter what delighted me not a
that
be happy to see me in May.
you would
I was pleased
it for two reasons , because I should dread to pass the
me.
little ,
hear
to
Summer
for
here
months
that
writing.
wish
reason
pleasure
greatly
enhanced
I
wish
would
and
to
this
place ,
horses
I
please
to
you /
the
you
here
send .
prefer
by
come
to
at
enjoy
handsome
any
same manner
prevail
until May:
enough]
Northward ,
the
of
intensity
rate
participating
can
This
the
in
it
the
and
seeing
[sic]
.
heat ,
because
and
the
will
you,
You ask
be
me
how
I answer that my desire is to come by land ,
come ,
in
if
have
interlined :
would
to
travel
to
shall
I
that
of
account
on
on
that
my
I
travelled when I
Uncle
A.
to
came
let me keep
to
the
if not with any horses you may
mention
thou[ gh]
you are well
acquainted with your son to know that he
a
to
fly , matched to unmatched horses .
much
I
may
�Shippen:
The
its
in
first
ported
next
to
bill
which
and
stage ,
without
had
my last ,
committed ,
has
been
so
amendment ,
an
and then we are
meeting,
it
into endless
night.
attached
first
were
at
have
been
be
able
that
again
to
instructors ,
my
breakfast
dinner
to
dinner
friends ,
if
or
a
good
Blackstone ,
attentively
until
or
11,
event .
which by the ad-
Hume
or
From
to.
attention
Montesquieu.
or
violin ,
myself
Virgil
read
some
to
recurring [ ?]
and Terence
I have
or 12 oclock according
feelings
my
the
shall
At night again I very often read very
to .
10,
of
the
Horace ,
author.
attended
know
we
I either walk out to see my
musick on
piece
or
in french,
amuse
principally
on,
reading
lectures
every /
deal
of
Roman
am
in composition
a
home ,
at
shall
of them
trust
Before breakfast ,
your request .
half,
sometimes
two hours
in
a
pay
read
dine
I
play
book
entertaining
some
favorite
I
I
I
more
Legislature
so many
that
you
force
people
our
rethe
letter to inform you how I spent my
and
hour
end ,
since
united
of
However
already ,
the
with
comply
an
known
members
bill .
or else am employed
of
After
now
never
the
2-
attacked
engrossed
I have
in
last
been
be
out
opinion
point
your
read
generally
our
will
exert
abominable
to
our
in
me
Blackstone ,
vice
this
carry
will
I
time.
I
to
it
had
to
than
thing,
any
converted
desired
You
to
I
in
you
cast
warmly
I
informed
I
1784
Williamsburg -
at
the
to the subject
But
time.
as
Mr
Wythe
and Mr Madison every Thursday and Sat-
Tuesday,
urday ,
between
you must conceive that I can read very little on those days
and
live
Breakfast
we
and
dinner,
a
near
very
necessarily
gives me
enjoyed so uninterrupted
done
I
find
I
a
are
we
from
mile
this
have
as
of
of
state
the
good
from
College
at
College .
The
10
exercise
greatest
health
I
service .
in
12 ;
to
which
never
life , as
my
days ,
I
Williamsburg .
hospitality of my acquaintances carries me to dine abroad , I
generally give myself up to mirth and jollity from dinner time to
since
to
came
On
those
too ,
when
the
I
might .
was
lingsworth
he
that
tered
my [
this
therefore
until
remembered
sister,
receive
sister,
ington
letter
knowing
aunt
very
from
who
time
with
for
has
& c.
long
and
of
to
out
aversio[ n
have
I
at]
and
duty
all
as
and
a
my
has
yet
of
to
my
either
dear
dear
them,
to give
of my
Unin[ ten] ti[ on] -
P &
me
M
dear
sex.
Mamma ,
length,
the
upon
me
very
Thomas
affect
Lee
G. [
I
rand] Papa ,
expect
to
from my good
by my friend Wash-
post
3
times
your
Please
assure
flat-
to
affection
called
always
con[ sider] able
you my
papa from Hollingsworth & c
here in March.
man
had
long letters I must reserve
communicate.
I beg to be
to]
from
Adieu
I
happiness .
Grand
comes
my friend , Holalmost
as much
so
confidence ,
both,
to
friends
my
letters
his
complete
spun
and
subject ,
them
their
been
your
wh[
great
part
torn]
that
engaged ,
the
on
hear
to
were
me
some
ms .
pra] yers
another
Shippen
shared
I
astonished
written
missing,
[
much
Sally
never
myself
constant
ally
and
had
word
very
Son
Shippen
�Shippen:
Williamsburg 1i
111
Addressed : ]
Doctor
William
Professor
Shippen
of Anatomy
PHILADELPHIA
Postage : ]
1/
10
4
S
Transcribed :
CSS
-
21
July
1978 .
1 i81*
- 3-
�257- a.
William
Vol.
Waller
XI,
pp.
THE
Hening,
STATUTES
AT
LARGE, (
Richmond:
1823) ,
405- 407.
8. Q certain tublia
e
diTe9V ne
And fan oth@r nur29qes.*
Aa#C
BE
I.
be
sold
except
III.
the
for
fectually
A
,,.
the
public;
so
lands
far
with
the
ed
as
the
palace
the houses
with
Jamestown,
public
all the lots
interest
and houses
public
shall
be,
the
ef-
lands
com-
the city of
the
thereon;
called the Vineyard;
in the county of James
therein
extends;
city,
together
in the said city which are
and not already grant-
of this commonwealth,
property
or appropriated
to individuals,
uses,
shall
for the more
r enacted, That
lands,
adjoining
together
near
and
fuxt h
the
in this
act into execution,
lands near the said city commonly
the
lands
mentioned,
this
i ja
Williamsburg,
hereafter
those
of
use
carrying
called
monly monly
That all the public
it epact4pd,
commonwealth,
at this time to some
and the same are hereby
vested
in
the president and professors of William and Mary university
for
professors
with power to the said president and
to sell or dispose thereof in any manner they
ever,
shall judge best for the interest and advantage of the
said
university.
and professors
respecting
the
P
pYided
alwayg,
That the president
of the said university
said
property,
and direction of the visitors
said university.
...
shall in all things
be subject
appointed
to the controul
to govern the
Passed by the General Assembly of Virginia in 1784.
A
�258.
WILLUM &
COLLEGE
MARY
Madison
J.
to
PAPERS,
107,
Folder
Photostat
Jefferson.]
Thos.
Jany 22 1784
4110
Dear
Sir
here
at
I wish
we
had
England - &
Barometer-
The
present.
Books
heard
of my Ther. &
me
to you for your Goodness
deserve
as
of
robbed
Bar.
We
have
sent
to
expect a Return by the Spring:
I am much obliged
new
but there is no Possibility of getting one
British
before.
it
ever
that
this
But will
in his
have
I
attention.
for
send
in communicating
never
it
by
ye
Treatise
on
Accts
Crawfords,
seen
nor
first oppy.
I
.. .
Vapours has led
of such
indeed
think
how-
Doctrine. ..
Hamilton
ingenious
ye Way to
We have availed ourselves of the Information you gave concerning the
Encyclop.
is
I have
Meth:
have
what
put
Bill
a
compleated,
already
of £
50 llsin ye Hands of a Mercht to
by Spring, & ye Remainder as soon
imported
as finished...
JOURNAL
OF THE MEETINGS
1729- 1784]
At
a
p.
of the
Meeting
Ordered
OF THE
PRESIDENT &
MASTERS
OF WILLIAM &
MARY
COLLEGE
316
President &
that
to
drinking
of the
Professors
and
excess
every
University
kind
of
on
May
28,
1784-
rioting & obcenity
be prohibited in College under the penalty of Banishment.
2.
That no Student
Inclination
HUMPHREY
Ms.
of
the
HARWOOD
attempt
to go into the garden
contrary
to the
Gardener.
B- 61
LEDGER -
Colon&al Williamsburg]
William &
1784
May
28
Colege
Mary
Dr
th
To
To
June
10
8
Bushels
To Rebuilding
Drain
of
in
Garden
10/. &
to
repairing
Lumber
House
Lime
8/. &
2
the Presidents
1/ 2
repairing
2/ 6
days
House
labour
underpining
12:
5/.
13: -
by Agreement
as per Art-)
Iles
Per
1784
3
by
4-616: 10: -
Contra
Samuel
- - - -
rd
June
6
Cr
By
an
the
Order Accepted
Reverd
Mr James
Madison &
7 from
the Revd Mr Robert Andrews
Beall
for £ 210:
0:
in part for the Rebuilding the Presidents House near the
College ( for which
Hundred &
Sixteen
When
Completed
Twelve
Pounds
I am to Receive
Shillings,
Six
Specie
April
22
By
July
28
By Cash Reed of Mr. Samuel Beall in pat of Above)
Cash
of Mr Saml
Beall
Note £
9:
17:
3:
6
2: -
17:
3:
70:
0: -
Septemr
21
Octobr
11
By
By
Cash
a
of Mr B.
Quarter
Cask
Holms
of
on
Mr
wine £
Saml
12: 10: 0
Beall
12: 10: -
6
�259.
17
Novemr
Cash
By
in
of
pert
0: -
24:
do
By ditto paid Capt Anthoney Singleton for Wm Whitakers)
1110
Part
By
Cash
9
By
ditto
11
By
By
By
ditto
do
for
By
do
of
By
cash
of
lot
a
Ball.
to
Adjoining
On
mine
the
Side
N. W.
) 13: -: -
Beall'
6
64:
Note
s
4:
50:
Samuel
Mr
0: -
1785
August
of Mr
Beall
1786
March
4
May
20
June
30
August
of
Revd
the
of
Cash
MIr.
Rot
Andrews
in
part
in
Mr Robt
Revd
54: 0:
47: 19:
14: 4:
part
do
8476
Andrews
Mr
of
received
in
pr
full
account
College
the
Robert
Andrews
100:
8
6
7: -
10:
Andrews
Robert
-
5:
4
By do paid the Revd Mr James Madison my order for one
THE
LITERARY
Entry
There
of
the
under
his
apparent
the
the
College
THE
Vol.
X,
School
present;
pp.
has about 20 students
Phil.
themselves
however
of Div
from
College,
--
College ( and
the
besides
Grammar
for
the
r
from
B.
FRANKLIN, (
New
College
Canterbury
would
Franklin
Messrs.
to
Weems
of
receipt
not
letter,
your
permit
be
to
you
and
but
dieted
Putnam' s
P.
Sons
18
July, 1784.
acquainting me that the Archbishop
ordained,
unless
you
I applied to a clergyman of my acquaintance
subject
of
not
be
ordination
here.
His
your obtaining
and
that if it were done,
you would be
done;
to the Archbishop
hundred
that
at
instruct
had
made
old
4110
of
Gant]
the
gentleman
a.
lived &
G.
1904)
allegiance,
and
consisted
which almost broke up
Scholars
London:
York &
Passy,
On
for
made great
they separated
Commons--
Scholars),
GrAmm=
these
at a time
then [ 1779]
ed.
Gentlemen:-
A
the Atto
367- 69.
Letter
wondered
and they study under
House. ..
OF BENJAMIN
WORKS
at
The Professor of Law is
chuse.
Professorship
the
ostensible
Bigelow,
John
of Math. &
Scholars,
Undergrad.
sixteen
in
Grammar
Bracton
the
they
as
Visitors
abolished
They
125
p.
and he makes more by his Professorship than as Attorney.
Tuition. . . The
Altera.
III,
Students
Undergraduate
Professor
as
Vol.
0: -
7:
Wm Harwood - - - -
1784]
Professors
or
State,
Presidt
STILES,
EZRA
8,
Eighty
Professor
Gen.
1111
June
are
such
The
OF
DIARY
under
of
tuition
year
at
the
oath
for information
opinion was
of
of
on
that it could
required to vow obedience
of Paris.
hence,
years
men
in
their
voyage
took
of
when
America,
thousand
Canterbury,
more
it
enlightened,
will
be
qualified by their learning and pety to pray
should not be permitted to do it till they
neighbors,
six
are
people
who
miles
seems,
out
by
and
your
home,
to
account,
ask
to
leave
have
of
as
a cross
little
regard for the sc4.1s of the people of Maryland as KinL William' s Attorney:
General,
who
Seymour,
projected
Seymour
was
never
the
had
for
college
Attorney
those
of
of
that
General.
Virginia.
province,
Sir
Edward
The Reverend
and
was
in
Commissary
England
to
Blair,
solicit
Seymour ( b. 1633- d 1708)
was,
for
a time after the Restoration, Speaker of the 10 se of Com.- ons. AfteV the accession of
a Lord
of the Treasury, serving until
appointed ( Lurch 1691/ 2)
YWiaSeeM r , Bhe w
�260.
and
benefactions
having
thousand
was
engaged
and
S
two
he
did
a
in money,
pounds
in
the
see
least
in the king' s absence,
to
was
saying
that the money was wanted
war,
expensive
an
not
draw
to
that the queen,
which
up the charter,
he opposed the grant,
relates
charter,
Seymour
ordered
for
occasion
college
a
in
be
with
given,
that the nation
for better purposes,
Blair
Virginia.
repre—
sented to him that its intention was to educate and qualify young men to be
ministers
of
consider
that
of
people
be,
to
he, " damn your
said
be
Mr.
Attorney would
as
saved,
well
Make
souls!
as
the
tobacco: HI
etc.,
gentlemen,
COLLEGE
MARY
to
souls
B.
WILLIAM &
begged
and
there,
had
Virginia
people
" Souls:"
England.
the honor
have
of
the
wanted
much
Gospel,
the
MAGAZINE,
HISTORICAL
QUARTERLY
Franklin.
2nd
Vol.
series,
XIII,
138
p.
From:
Pennsylvania
The
General
and
Packet
20,
July
Advertiser,
1784.]
A well chosen collection of books is arrived at New York in the French
they are sent by order of the King of France
packet le Courier de l' Amerique:
to his consul
general, to be presented to the Universities of Philadelphia
and
They have been given at the joint request of the count de
Williamsburg.
Vergennes,
of
and
the
chevalier
and
(
his
since
brother'
death)
s
Marquis
de
Chatellaux.
110
IBID.,
Series,
1st
Article
About
books
L'
the
came
the
MI`: RY
Vol.
XV (
from
Letter
L'
of
Louis
King
There
Le
XVI.
of
France
After
such
hundred
Vol.
de
I.
and
Platon
Vol.
et
sur
M.
Pennsylvania,
Folder 105—
B
PAPERS,
PROCEEDINGS
OF
THE
MASSACHUSETTS
Sketch of the
233.
p.
to Rev.
Thomas Jefferson
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY,
Rev.
Samuel Henley.
Samuel Henley]
Mar.
3,
1785.
Sir,...
to
either
those
two
Flmersley et Paris chez les
MDCLXXIX.
The King made a similar gift
and many of that collection are preserved.
chez
Paris,
Dear
of
only two preserved:
tretise
sur L' Allantiade
are
A Londres,
Asie,
Augustines
des
COLLEGE
1877)
from
Baily.
de
Quai
From
Photostat.
49
p.
editions.
Historic
University
WILLIAM &
gift
a
of Mr.
works
Debure,
XIX,
Vol.
Library of the College of William and Mary"]
"
beautiful
Ancienne
Freres
to
1784
in
of
II.
on
as
I
from Virginia,
Mr.
your departure
dispose of your books generally,
wished
mentioned
wrote
you
from you,
to
in
possess,
the
information
I
have
submitted
catalogue
of
doubted
this
any voucher of his valuation...
arises
from. . . my having
enclosed
me
you will
be
pleased
to
decide
my
being authorized by you
or to let me in particular have
them
to
and
annexed,
transaction...
whether
Madison,
letter
examination.
my
he
set
the
price
I
selected
on
Having never received
I
got to your hands...
them...
I
any answer
have
not
with
My being able to furnish you with the list
with me the catalogue of my library.
.. .
either
for
the
money
or
[
the]
books.
If
you
�261.
should
1110
prefer
myself
with
the
the
latter,
I
wish
would
In
here.
while
same
know
to
it
case,
either
that I may supply
it gives me pleasure
soon,
that this circumstance was the means of saving you so much from that general
destruction
house
Celts,"
involved
which
burnt.
was
2
the
From Miss
12
vole.
I
Digges
books
your
Gwatkin
of
Paradise
s
Pierce
Plowman.
Observations
2
Lost.
Modern
on
12
Walpolianae
Hoole'
s
The
3
OEuvres
Il
of
Theatre
16
Poems.
de
Dispendary.
2
Cowley.
s
Poemata.
Clarke'
s
s [
12 mo.
12
12
mo.
mo.
S vo.
of
Specimens
sic]
Royal
Greek
Grammar.
Port
Royal
Latin
Grammar.
vieux
Larigue
Types. (
Printing
Pamphlet) '
bvo.
2
vols.,
8vo.
la
de
Comte.
12
des Monogrammes.
Dictionnaire
12 mo.
Red morocco.)
Port
du
vols.,
bvo.
bvo.
Webb on Poetry and Music
Moor'
An
s
Essay on Tragedy
Essay on Design in Gardening
In
1
vol.,
12 mo.
Jennings on Medals
Harris'
s
Hermes.
Three
Warton'
s
Essay
on
Jones'
s
8vo.
Observations
Shakspeare.
Poeseos
Suidae
Lexicon.
s
Taylor'
s
3
View
of
12
Hickes'
Elements
Tournefort'
s
de
8 vo.
vols.,
of
Eva. (
Unbound)
Pamphlet)
folio. (
Injured)
mo.
Barbadoes.
Dictionnaire
Comment.
Books. (
vols.,
s
2
8vo.
of
Foulis'
of
History
Spencer.
on
Asiaticae
Catalogue
Wotton'
Evo.
Treatises.
London
Sallust,
Thesaurus.
s
4to.
12mo.
Civil
Chymie.
2
Institutiones.
Law.
4to.
12mo.
2 vols.,
4to.
vols.,
Pacosta' s Mineralogy.
Linnae
Flora
Farms. (
Pamphlet)
vols.,
Vegetius.
Calson'
Diet.
of
Unbound).
12 mo.
s
Bourne'
Size
and
Provisions
mo. (
Diderot.
mo. (
Garth'
s
of
12
4to.
Philip'
Hurd'
Patent binding)
Warkworth. (
Pectrarca.
s
binding.)
12 mo.
vols.,
de
8vo. (
12 mo.
Tessa.
Hermit
Patent
4to.
4to.
Price
Duelling.
AEdes
Dante.
small
Lapponica.
Critica
Philosophia
Fauna
Genera
8vo.
bvo.
Plantarum.
Planterum.
Emzntisea
8vo.
Botanica.
Sueciea.
Species
8vo.
Botanica.
Altera.
8vo.
2
8vo.
vols.,
8vo.
s
History of the
Jefferson
books,
ten
in
Gardening.
mo. (
between
of
Edition
Chronicle.
vols.,
Connection
History
Madison'
"
bvo.
Saxon
s
Junius.
s
Books]
Milton'
Gibson'
Mr.
.. .
Th:
List
when
Pelloutiere'
purchased
to Mr.
belonging
mo.
of
residue
Pamphlet)
�262.
2
Naturae.
Systema
Clayton'
s
Saxon
Coins.
MARY
WILLIIM &
4to.
4to.
COLLEGE
of
Letters
Series,
2nd
QUARTERLY,
of
President
Madison,
James
8vo.
vols.,
Virginica.
on
Clarke
Flora
Vol.
V,
81
p.
College,
the
to
We
ruined
Ford,
have
recd.
in
they
came
to
Leicester
WORKS
OF
Thos.
THE
Jefferson
The
the
THOMAS
for
preparation
of a Mr.
Wythe,
subject
the
to
address
future
an
of
Ford,
Emily
ON
Paris,
the
there
of
unequivocal.
are
to
are
those
and
I am satisfied
that
would
question
be
it' s plan,
is
Virginia) under
direction
characters,
men.. .
young
of
men (
the
under
1785.
of
remodelling
young
They
virtuous
7,
Aug.
the
since
all
important
this
F. (
LIFE
Mary,
most
slavery
of
E.
THE
the
448
p.
together
life.
of
one
exhortation
decision
NOTES
William &
public
4,
Price]
Richard
Dr.
collected
are
of
Vol.
JEFFERSON,
to
college
where
place
on
1785.
of some valuable Books from the King of France.
complete.
But unfortunately many of them were
us.
We did not however beg for more.
.. .
Quo.
before
Paul
a Present
Buffon
others
Jefferson]
10th,
April
Williamsburg,
Among
Thomas
it' s
most
(
whose
of
them)
sentiments
if you could resolve
influence
great,
on
the
perhaps decisive.
compiler)
OF NOAfi
N.
uiEBSTER (
1912)
Y. :
Vol.
I,
pp.
143- 144.
Diary1785.
Dec.]
230
2.
Ride
to
Wait
on
Mr Andrews,
introd
me
to
This
Williamsburg...
is
a
pleasant
City,
containing about
houses ( 2)
3.
He
man.
Chancery Judges.
4.
Sunday.
Botetourt'
7.
Dine
public
Andrews,
Walk
to
the
Philosophy,
good man,
a
Capitol...
a sensible
one
view
polite
of the
Lord
Begin with 6 gentlemen only.
with Mr
little
Footnotes
Mary
Mr
of Law,
professor
Pass evening with some Law Students.
a room in College for reading Lectures.
Procure
2)
with
of Moral
professor
Wythe,
Statue...
s
5.
6.
pride,
Dine
Mr
from
This
is
money
Carter;
on
hand,
Webster'
s
Lesser
the
most
large
and
elegant,
bell
of
The Virginians have much
my 2d Lect.
contempt for Northern people, &
amazing
great
Journal:]
beautiful
is
clock &
read
as
city
also
consequence
in
the
in
Virginia.. .
Church &
Virginia.
The
College
Capitol.. .
He[
re]
of
William
is the only
�263.
fondness
for
Dissipation.
8.
Read
9.
finish
2)
(
Lectures.
3)
them.
. ..
4111
MARY
WILLIAM &
Dr
President'
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
A Statement
1785- 1786]
showing
s
s
Acct
for
s
Acct
for
Lewis'
s
Estate
Saml
Beall
for
To
John
Drewidz'
To
H.
Sepr
14.
14.
April 5.
To
James
To
Wm
To
John
12.
To
13.
20.
1786.
June
1.
July
Lenox
To
J.
To
John
28.
To
Wm
Sepr
12.
To John
the president' s house,
Wm
COLLEGE
of
James
5. 18.124.--.-
imported
for
Oil & c
for
red
s
6. 5 1/ 2
2.
bricklayer'
616. 10.-
painting
work &
s
c
3. 17. 3
2. 6
9.
for Carpenter'
Acct
s
work &
s
774.
c
lead & c
Acct
for
7. 4 1/ 2
e
oil &
Paint,
18.
8. 7
for Nails
3. -.-
for
sundries
3. 12.1579. 11. 8
2nd
Series,
Acct
s
QUARTERLY. . .
President
Madison,
7. 12.-
sundries
for
Acct
for
Carter
Lewis'
10. 17. 6
glazing
Grates
s
Greenhow'
James
painting &
do
for
Acct
s
Saunder'
To
MARY
Letters
for
Carter
To
WILLIAAM &
Ms.
articles
Acct
s
Prentis'
Augt
9
Wray'
Hornsby'
Harwood'
To -
25.
Octr
A,
13-
of rebuilding
House
Deer
1785.
Folder
the expense
the
of
Vol.
V,
84, 86, 87.
p.
College,
to
Thomas
Williamsburg,
Jefferson]
March
1786.
27,
see
I must not forget to thank you for your kind offer with respect to the
We have however
Encyclopedia.
Fall
20 Vol.
of
the
contracted
Method,
Encyclop.
with a Person who
sent over last
and who is to supply us with them as
they come out.
Williamsburg,
I have lately imported the Philosophical
for
forty [?]
astronomical
curious
the Transactions
If
us?
Your
so,
Book
greatest
some
we
in
past,
years
which
Discoveries
I
Transactions
find
were
you
a
so
of the Royal Academy at Paris
wd.
import them annually.
is
here
read
by
every
one
who
can
to
be a valuable
get
a
view
of
of
some
of
the
Wd.
communicate.
acquisition
it,
with
to
the
I flattered myself you would favour our University with
avidity.
and I have not yet relinquished
copies,
as
obliging
1786.
28,
of the London Society
Acct.
particular
Dec.
the hope.
2)...
Read
for
this
3)
for
Lecture
&
I
little
a
with
my
sensible
Footnotes
from
am
to
a
the
same
great
Several
number.
Stranger, &
money &
dissipated
Proceed
Virginia,
second
have
Virginians
fondness
my
inattention.
a
pride,
Yankee,
contempt
tho
of
causes may be assigned
well
introduced;
Northern
men &
the
a great
life.
Pass
Lectures.
man
a
few
hours
anywhere.
Webster'
s
Lesser
Journal:]
with
Mr
Wythe -
a great man for
�264.
HUMPHREY
LEDGER -
HARWOOD
Ms.
Colonial
411
61
B-
Williamsburg]
Account
with
Mary College
William &
continued
from 1784]
1786
1
May
600 Bricks C 3/. &
18 bushels of lime C 1/. labours work
Repairing Drane in Garden 18/. &
To 25 bushels of lime C 1/. &
1885 bricks C 3/.
Kitchen 22/ 6. ( for Mr Madison)
To underping
To repairing Kitchen Chimney & Oven 6/.
1: 16: -
To
To
8
9
To
turning the Arch
Landary 12/
12
To
8
bushels
18
To
6
days
of
work
&
mending
C.
lime
days
1/. &
bushels
To
45
To
6 days
To
repairing
To
4
of
28/. &
Hall
20
IBID.,
B-
1786
24
2
3/ 9 &
18/. &
Steps
days
do
7/ 6
do
labr
6
3
repairing
5/.
6` (
well
4: 10:
1: 16:
6&
12/
for
the
1:
president)
C 2/ 6 &
10
bushels
labour
of
lime
4: -
1:
10/
0: -
96
th
May
days
well
Repairing
steps
South
steps )
up North steps
South
repairing
C 2/ 6 &
labour
front
2: -
18: -
1: 16: -
building
1/. &
to)
6 ----
2/
C
Wall &
C
6
lime
6
6: -
6/. -
College
to
7
2:
1:
4 days labour
foundation
repairing
1:
1:
2/ 6
C
3: -
4:
the Back of the Chimney
labour
4
1:
5/ -
WILLIAM &
Brought
from
To
668 Bricks
To
laying
To
200
folio
MARY
COLLEGE
Dr
( 61)
638:
6 days labour
20/. &
2/ 6 ( for
C
out
floor
Kitchen
Co
15/. &
for
of
plastering
To
1077
88 bushels
of
lime
To
bushels
of
lime
To
1
July
6 bushels
repairing
To
14
To
To
June
plastering
lime
1/.
C
arch
Hall
over
6d &
hair
2
1/ 2
1: 15: -
days
6: -
labr
C
2/ 6
15/ 6 ( in
boards &
24
To 600 Bricks &
at
labr
1/. &
bushel
of
Hair
2/.
24/. ( for
4d Landary &
steps
president)
at
5
To
200
To
To
To
over the
Great Door
to the
rubing & setting arcr
6 bushels of lime 6/.
1 1/ 2 days labour /
9
20 bushels
of lime C1/. & 480 larthes C 1
To
850 Bricks
C
9
To
To
To
th
Bricks
C
3/.
C
3/.
to
to
rub
4/ 6 ( presidents)
for
the
underpining
10/. &
underpining
Necessary
White- washing
Necessary
4500
House
Smoke
bricks
C
30/ -
174
2:
3:
6
6
College)
Hall
40/.
up
the
of
Hair
bushels
of Lime
Stairs
Kitchen
4/ £ 36:
C
1/. (
9:
for
6:
1: 17:
1/ 6
do
to
6: 6: -
2: -: -
1:
12/ 6 ------
plaster
Septemr
15
6
6: -
1:
door ( in
3/.
6
To
Hall
repairg
repairing
Larthing & plastering
days
labour C 2/ 6 & 2 bushels
To
1:
Little
C 3/ 4 day labr 10
whitewashing 3 Rooms in Kitchen
2/ 6. &
2
2: 15:
2/ 6
a
1
To
a
6:
8 bushels of Hair C 2/. &
rebuilding North
182 Yds in Kitchen
labour
6
House)
Room
days
15:
1:
s
5 day' s work repairing Larthing
C 1/. &
7 days
9
Chimney
Presedent'
the
12:
6:
Chair
the
30/.
8
6
1: 17:
door -
2:
around
peices
do.) &
for
Larthes (
6/.
College
4
small
7/ 6
Room
Bricks
Houses)
a
15/. &
Landary
1:
Presidents
36/.
11:
3: 1: 16: -
3
College)
19: 15:
9: -
9
9
6
6
�265.
To
335 Larthes 4/ 10 &
82 bushels of lime
To
taking
To
building
To
25
11
days
C 1/.
labour
hair
1110
down
old
36/. &
Oven
Cleaning
oven &
Repair&
Do
To
Repairing
To
16
days
labr
To
28
1/ 2
bushels
Kitching
C
334 bricks
1: 12:
6 bushs
5:
bricks
10/.-
10/
30
larthing &
2:
lime
12
1/. &
C
C
To
Setting
To
17
days
To
5 bushels
C 7/ 6. &
Grates
17
up
October
To 10
5
To
15
days
of Hair C
mendg
Whitewashing
7: 13:
2/ 6
20
7
Rooms
10: -
10 days Labr C 2. 6
plastering C 6/. &
17 Rooms 4/ 6 & 5 passages C 5/ 6. &
4/ 6. &
C
5
Closets
in
5: 16:
June
Septemr
Octobr
Ill/
17
Novr
Contra
18
Cr
3:
6: away
1
37/ &
Do
hair2/.
6
8
1: 19: -
2
By a Grate for Majr Jas Quarles weit 56 lb C 8d &
freight
WILLIAM &
6
2: -
483: 16:
By
By 120 Bricks taken away
By 6 bus Mortar 6/.
By 37 bushels of Mortar taken
486: 5:
14
25
2:
61
folio
5: —
3 Cealings C 3/ 6 College
Per
from
Credits
4:
Garrot
73: 2: 1 --
1786
3
1/ 2
12/ 6
ditto
6
wash
2/.
do
To
6
6: 12:
White
0
2: 12:
do
2/.
plastering C 6 . &
days labr C 2 6
Repairing
6
0:
laying 2 Harthes
C
work
plaster£
2:
3:
6
of
6: -
2:
do
36/.
2/
C
4: -
1,10: -
to Kitching
underpin
7/ 6 &
4
of
C 2/.
old.
Shead
Chimney
2/ 6
10/. &
MARY
2nd
QUARTERLY,
Series,
Vol.
VIII,
p.
1/.
1: 18:
4
246
The
of the President' s house [ after the fire of 1781,
rebuilding
while the
occupied as a hospital by the French troops] was not completed
until
sometime in the late fall of the year 1786,
anu the income of the College was so
was
lowered
by the Revolution
other buildings
by
the
French
that it was unable
rendered necessary
until
the
year
to complete
the
repairs
of the
by the injury done them whilst in occupation
0: ...
178/
Until the President' s house was rebuilt the college was obliged to incur a
heavy expense for the rent of a house for the President and for repairs that
required
put upon it, and the College not only lost to a great exuse of that portion of the College building proper which
had
above
been
obliged
to
be
tent the beneficial
were
injured
as
stated
whilst
to incur a very heavy expense
it
was
undergoing
repairs,
it
was
in making those repairs.
From a paper submitted to Congress in behalf of the claim of William and Mary
College
401
for
Claims,
31st
damage
to
Congress,
the
buildings.
Senate
Report
Report of Committee of Revolutionary
No.
219
Col1F
�Wednesday July 12th 1786.
4:
568
Journal
of
the Council
tinned on the List of Pensioners,
the
twelve &
latter
the Stoic
of
of
I' i.:.. inia
the former with an allowance of
fifteen pounds per
ann.
Trese
Jack & Butler two Negros belonging to Colo. John Svme, &
Bias a negro man Slave belonging to General Lawson bein.c un,: c:
as proper objects (, i
for felony; &
they appearing
to pardon the said Negroes.
mercy— His Excellency is advised
The
Governor is advised to give orders to the Militia
condemnation
Kentucky
District to hold themselves
federal."''
troops of
troops in such operations as the Officer commanding the
of
of
the
the
United States
Frontiers,
June
may
to
agreeably
in readiness
Mr. 7
Mr. :
Mr.
judge
the
to Unite with
On
for the protection
of Congress of the 30th
necessary
resolve
recoir
missions of th
and William B
last.
further advised to send a few blank
Excellency
each of the Kentucky counties to he
to
Military Commissions
in the Militia.
Courts in case of vacancies
filled up by the respective
that
the
The Board being informed
Journals of the last
Assembly arc not yet printed; It is advised that his Excellency
late public Printer, informing him that it is
write to Mr. Hayes
Excellency to;
expected he will finish printing the said Journals, as they ought to
have been done during the time he held the office of public printer.
Court of Frede
And
Captain
pension
is
his
Robert
List with
an
White
a
allowance
disabled
is
Officer
con.
inued
on
Ned Gray
being charged
meethouse
thereout;
accomplices &
The Gove:
from
the
of half pay.
Kate be pardo
recommendation
The Boar(
Campbell &
T
missions
skinned
forwarded—
representing
its
being
a
human
body;
and
orders
requesting
as
next pursuant
court— Wherct
usual form a c
years;
and
th;
Friday in next
to
The
Tames
against
u
pence to John
securing the li
Colo. Meriweth
reception.
of the charges exhibited
til further orders.
it
Continge
The Board advise his Excellency to give orders for the said
to
be deposited in the
for ' Williamsburg
Statue to be shipped
here, at present, for its
there is no proper
as
place
University,
The Consideration
Campbell is postponed '
the Exec
poison Wm. C:
Sundry persons] are added to the CoinTerminer for the County of
oyer &
of the peace &
Accomack ( See their names entered in the Commission book.)
from Pr. De
laid before the Board a Letter
The
Governor
464
of Philadelphia, informing that Mr.
Heyder Veyet & Co. [. . .]
Houdon, one of his most christian Majesty' s Sculptors had consigned
to them, as a present to the State of Virginia, a Statue in plaistcr
On
of
and
Arthur
Also to iss
thousand nine 1
tobacco
law.
Wood
lent th(
On recomr.
Jas. McClurg
missions of the
Spencer Roane
Miles Selden
See Comissio
It appearin
the following
Or faderal, the ligature probably being intended.
464
Papers in .'. r::.. ,
The letter in E recutiv.
Blank in orginal Journal.
Division of Virginia State Library seems to be subscribed " Pr. [ i.e. Par) .
Heyder Vcydt & Co.", followed by the uncertain name or names of rcl)resentaof which evidently accounts for the blank space.
Di the firm, the omission
tires
and cf. +'- '.
The text of the original letter is given in Calendar. v. 4, p. 152;
Division of :. r
228, and the original account in Executive Papers in Archives
463
hundred & sixt,
name for deore(
dated 24th June
of Stafford Ligi
No. 657, & date(
ginia Library.
THE
Wilmer
L.
Hall,
Richmond:
The
ed.,
JOURNALS
Virginia
OF THE
State
COUNCIL
Library,
1952,
OF STATE
III,
OF VIRGINIA (
568.
1781- 1786),
�i .
152
. .•
y:;•,
4,---"'"°
r•
Ali
Richmond.
1786.
OF
CALENDAR
j
STATE
18$ 4,
IV,
1785- 1789,
PAPERS. :
152.
length Turn' d out and faught them— that Several Hundreds was Kill' d
lime 25th
and forced to retreat into the garison.
Mr. parberry says the Indians have Done a great Deal of Mischeif on
all the frontiers in the Kentucky Country— that it is Certain that the
Shonies
have
Join'
of the poor Setlers
d the
in
other
powcl'
s
Indians.
Valey.
I am truly Distrest on account
I had possitive orders from Gover-
nor Harrison to settle that station, who promised them protection, and
without
immediate
aid I fear they will all be cut off.
I am willing to Do
an) thing in my power for them, but as the power is Taken lntirely out
of my Hands, I am Totally at a loss what to Do, without your Excellency
can point out some method
by which I can be serviceable
to them.
I shall wait your Excellencie' s answer with Great Impatience. If nothing
can be Done, I must Brake up the Station Immediately.
I have the Honor to be your Excellencie' s
Most Humble and most obedient Ser' t, &
P. S.—
c., & c.
I hope the Express will be paid.
J. M.
PR.
June 2Sth
DE
HEYDER
VEYDR &
CO. TO Gov. HENRY, OF VA.
Sir:
Mr. lioudon, one of his most Christian Majesty' s sculptors, having
Fhitadelphia
consigned to us severall of his pieces of Sculpture, with directions to
dispose of them, among with is one Statue in plaister, who represents
a skinned human body, he desired to keep it as a present for the honourable states of Virginia.
It is said that same peice deserves the admiration
of all amateurs.
We beg your honnour to favour us with your instructions and orders,
how we are to proceed in the expedition of the said Statue. Your honnour
may depend on the exactitude in executing the same.
We are respectfully, Sir,
your very humble
RESOLUTION
June 3oth
and obed' t Servants, &
c., &
c.
OF CONGRESS,
Informing the Executive of Virginia that the United States had ordered
their
Commandant
on
the
Ohio to detach
two
Companies
to the "
rapids
of Ohio,"
with request that the militia of that district be required to
co- operate with them in the defence of that Frontier; that Congress have
also under deliberation a plan for extending to the Frontier security against
the
designs
of the Indians.
�266.
WILLIAM &
MARY
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
from
Letter
Jedediah
Folder
Morse
13.
Stiles.
Ezra
to
Typed
Charleston ( So
is
Williamsburg
hugh [
a
West
and
a
Capitol,
the
200
end
east
the
at
elegant
pile
of
of
Main
a
Marble
30th 1786.
Dec.
C2)
houses.
decayed
ill- constructed
deposited
Capitol
of about
place
irregular,
sic],
copy]
College,
The
buildings
street
a
which
stands at
-
in
mile
is
the
length.
of Narbone
In
Lord
is
Berkley:
There are about 30 Students belonging to William and Mary College,
The Professors,
most of them Law Students.
They have six Professorships.
lecture
once
a. day the Students attend or not as they please.
successively
When this Lecture is delivered the business of the day is done both for Professor and Student.
They have no public Prayers Morning nor Evening no recitathe
an
statue
Botetourt...
tions,
no
dead
of
Lectures
Year...
a
once
In
The
they
when
excepting
languages -
Sett
a
no examinations to determine the proficiency of
speaking -
public
Students
the
short,
the
his
upon
business
of
the
Student,
control.-
without
exhibits
Lectures
a
of
number
however
is
Apparatus
Ancient
Ms.
that
because
has
is
any
of
to
to
the
compose
them over to the Students
is not
one
in
reading...
if
or,
the tavern at the Gaming
Divinity, but he never
of
Student,
of making
his
Divinity
Mary College.
Library, like ours,
nor hasn' t been
Study. Their
William &
Their
complete-
Professor
is
there
idea
State
the
tolerably
Authors.
HUMPhfEY
it
upon
years,
incredible,
Madison
Doctor
is
is to attend daily on these Lectures,
he
table
attention
business
and read
The
rest
part of his time he may spend
pleases...
in dancing, or in
disposed,
he may spend it skeiting,
if
No
Professors'
the
Science,
particular
of
degrees -
their
receive
whole
is
well
for
Such,
Philosophical
stocked
with
...
LEDGER -
HARWWOOD
Colonial
96
B-
Williamsburg]
Account
with
William &
Mary
College - cont' d
from
1786
Dr]
1787
building
To
20
6 bushels
To
Deer
To
7
May
150
To
of
4
Bricks
C
1/. &
for
1
14/-(
4 bushels
4/ 6 &
Kitchen
repairing
Per
lime
steps
Chimney
1/ 2
the
of
days
labr
President'
lime
7/ 6 &
s
a
2/ 6
9:
House)
8:
4/.
labours
work
2/.
9:
Contra
Cr]
1787
April
24
By
7
November
WILLIAM &
Cash
of Mr
Robert
Andrews
do
of Mr
Robert
Andrews
By
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS
Honble
1111
1783.
July 6th
John
Folder
in
15: 19: 4
9: 1
21:
part ----
13- A
Ms.
Blair
By the rent of the house
occupied
last
by Mr Madison
50.
year
84.
July 6th
By a years
85.
July 6th
By a years rent of the house occupied by Mr.
rent of the house
occupied
by Mr.
Madison
Madison ------- -
9
14: -
50.
50.
6
6
�267.
86.
July 6th
Mr
4111
By
Hump.
1786
June
20th
1787
June
6th
of
rent
years
do
35.
Harwood
By
By
for rebuilding
the President'
for repairs to October
acct.
acct
your
house £ 616. 10.5th 1786. 105. 4. L.
s
The above is correctly stated as taken from the College Ledger commencing
January 1778 kept by Robert Andrews, Bursar, - this memorandum, is for
in
Robert
DIARY
Saunders,
OF
President ...
SAMUEL
Photostat
in
28.
To
VAUGHAN,
1787.
of
Library
Congress) .
the Governors
Williamsbourg City.. .
Palace
lately burned,
Court
house,
Goal
lege,
Liberary, Apparatus &
duty on every hhd of
July
small
named
VANDERGRIFT
PAPERS
M.
Miss
Letter
Magazine,
47- 48
pp.
this City was lately the Metropolis,
has a good State house going to ruin,
for
hospital
School &
a
Col-
John
of
MSS.
F.
Goodwin]
T.
Mason
to Mann
Page]
William &
Dear
Gram
Lunaticks,
was w 11 endowed until deprived by Act of a
tobacco,
it has now but 27 Stud.ients 4 professers-
Mary) the City contains 3 parallel streets...
Wm &
Notes
1847.)
31 Dec.
Mary
11 Agt
1787.
Sir
If you are not using Hawkin' s abridgment of Coke Littleton yourself,
you will
I
wish
confer
a singular
exceedingly
to
favour on me by lending it to me a short time.
it, and know of not a single copy but the one
read
you have.
Our
members
five
but
are
Students
enables
those
The place
much
reduced
you left us,
This renders
since
at William &
that please
Mary.
to be very industrious.
from which my Letter
is addressed
will
there are at present
us
very dull,
sufficiently
but
apologize
for my writing to you on such a scrap of Paper.
I
am
dear
Sir...
John
Mann
Page
WILLIAM &
Jr
MARY
Letters
T.
Mason
Escr
of
COLLEGE
James
QUARTERLY,
Madison,
2nd
Series,
President
of
Vol.
William
V,
and
p.
88
Mary
College,
to
Thomas Jefferson]
1787]
...
I have
Travels
just been honoured
thru
N.
America.
I
by Gen' l Chastellux
find
it
is
but
little
with a copy of his
relished
by most here.
�268.
COLLEGE
MARY
WILLIAM &
Expenditures
Repairs & c,
HUMPHREY
of College
c,
&
HARWOOD
Ms.
PAPERS,
Folder
13-
A,
Ms.
for 17tj
194. 14. 1
f]
& c,
LEDGER -
96 con' d.
B.
Colonial Williamsburg]
Account
William &
with
College,
Mary
from
continued
Dr]
1787
1788
19
May
To
bushels
40
of
lime
1/. &
C
labour
To
12 days
To
white
To
do
do
To
do
Repairing
worst
Long
12
washing
9 do &
600
To
bricks
@
2n00
21
To
do
Mr
To
do
College
well
folio
25
Ledger
3: 12: -
2: 14: -
of Wht
2:
of lime
&
C
1/. &
laying
4: -
hall
5/
2:
4: -
days
3
7/ 6
labr
7:
250
15/. &
bricks
3/. &
6
6
1: 10:
6
19:
2
7/ 6 &
days
3 bus
labr
57.----
C
Total
Per
4/ 6
7/ 6
well
Lime
See
C
larthing in Old Dormontory
12/
13
do
3: 6: 3: 12: -
6/.
@
C 2/.
harth
Repairing Plastering &
days
Story)
7 bushs
30/. &
bus
To
June
for
4 Passages
@ 4/ 6 ( Second
to (
8
Garrott
Clossets
3/. &
Presidents
in
Plastering
wash
26
2/. &
C
6 ---------
Rooms, &
4
Passage
3do hair
C 2/
1786,
1787,
1788]
748: 17:
Contra
7
Cr ]
1788
10
4d Nails of Mr Beall @ 4/.
By 50 M 22 M do
@ 4/.
By
By an order given Mr Brian 15
July
By 4 Pieces of Linnin of ditto
August 25
By Cash of Mr Robert Andrews in part of Account
Septr
6
By Cash pd Mr Andrews for County Levy 6/.
By Cash pd by Mr Andrews to Revd James Madison
Decr
5
By Mr Matt: Anderson for negro Clothing & c
581: 6: 10- 3/ 4
Cash reed of Mr Robt Andrews in pt of above acct
30
By
By Cash pd by do. to Doctr McClurg £ 1: 2: 6
May
IBID., -
C-
50
[
Ms.
Colonial
WILLIAM &
To
amt of acct
to
By
By
By
an
Sam:
order
on
cash
of
S:
cash
of
the
June
COLLEGE
13th
1788
Beall,
Bursar
Augt
Esc
-
4: 19: 3:
21:
10 1/ 4
10: 12: 10 1/ 2
6: 5:
-
18:
7:
June
9th 1785
1786. March 11
Dr
748: 17: 7
3d 1784 -
Per
C[
ontra]
2:
Cr
210: -:
50:
54: -
3
6: 10
6
2:
1:
Williamsburg]
MARY
Beall
10:
-
�269.
411
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
do.
of
do.
of
do.
do.
of
do.
47: 19:
1786
May 4.
do:
Augt
J.
a
for
5:
4
7:
Wm
2:
8:
8
4
6
488:
cash
of
Ro:
20th
Andrews
Apr.
15:
19: 4
9: 1
21:
8: 10
10: 12: 10
6: 5:
7
577: 18:
£
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
Matt:
the
Cash
Decr
John
Bryan'
Cash
Feb.
Sam:
Dpctr
Beall'
s
James
Moir'
order
s
in
cash
my
for
illeg.]
March
favr
of
Apr.
J.
in
19:
15:
1
12:
3
R.
Andrew' s
6: ?
6: ?
6:
30
' 90 cash 30/
Jan:
"
"
5: 6: ?
"
1: 10: ?
1790 ---- -
3rd
blur]
8
acct.
"
subscription -----
Cash
2
2: ? [
7:
22:
24th
Deer
May 16.
omitted
3
4
10: 19:
24.
Moir
10:
6:
1789.
Cash £ 2: 6 Novr
16. &
Euclid
a
1789
7:
3:
5:
5:
81:
order ------- ----
19: 18: 7 &
Tob: £
order
10th
May
s
Hhds
18:
McClurg
order -----[
Booker'
an
170: 19: 6. 1788---------
order -----
18th &
By Cash £ 4: 15.
By
By
By
Sept
pd
30th
s
-
order
s
Richd
By 2
By
Anderson'
Harwood
Mr.
1788 ----
Novr
23
of
Estate
7
Cr]
Dr]
due
-
14: 19: 748: 17:
balance
3:
21:
1787
By
7 Novr
By do of do:
of linnen
By 4 peices
July 15. 1788
Cash
By
25th
Augt
By Cash for County Levy 6/.
his
Lectures
do to J. Madison for attends
By
Beall in 1784 @ 4/
72 M 4d Nails of Sam:
By
To
-
1: 18:
away
James Quarles
sold
grate
10:
30
Madison
taken
materials
4:
7:
4:
do.
pd
100:
1786
20th
June
do.
8
6
170: 19:-
i170: 19: -
1793
March
26th
To
accts &
Cash
omitted
By
WILLIAM
Some
and
Hire
AND
time
probably
overpaid
agreed
to
of
MARY
in
in
settlement
of
by Mr Holmes
be Largeded
to be reimbursed
untill
that day ----
6: -: -
Sam -----
COLLEGE
3:
PAPERS,
the year 1781, the
15th day
about
Folder
13-
certainly
of
A,
-
Ms.
prior to the 27th day of October,
September
in
that
year -
the
French
troops
took possession
of the college buildings and used them as an hospital from
A.
of May,
D.
1782.
that time till the month
Whilst those buildings were
thus occupied by them,
the president' s house and a portion of the collegebuildings proper
were destroyed
by fire, and the latter building otherwise
extensively injured.
The
the
president'
college
s
house
part of which,
by the government
greater
was
afterwards
viz.
of
the
France,
sum
re-
built
at
the
of £ 1542. 13S. 6D -
leaving
the
sum
of £
cost
of £ 1579..
11S. 8D,
was paid to the
36. 18S. 2D. unpaid.
�270.
The rebuilding of the president' s house was not completed until
the
latter part of the year 1786; and the income of the college
in
reduced
by the revolution
buildings,
the
other
the
occupation
Until
the
of
the
French
president'
for
rent
done
the
rebuilt,
was
of
by the injury
of
them whilst
in
till the year 1788.
troops,
house
s
the
necessary
time
so
the repairs
that it was not able to complete
rendered
some
was
for
house
college
the
president,
was
obliged
and
to
for
incur
repairs,
heavy
And the college not only lost to
they were required to put upon it.
a great extent the beneficial use of that portion of the college building
injured as above stated)
proper, ( which had been
whilst it was undergoing
repairs,
but was obliged to incur a very heavy expense in making those ree
expense
a
which
pairs.
Bergh,
E.,
Albert
WRITINGS
THE
editor
THOMAS
OF
JEFFERSON,
7,
Vol.
71
p.
17,
July
Dear
1788
Sir
Williamsburg is
very genteel
remain,
professors
Jefferson
Thomas
WILLIAM &
MARY
of
Letters
Thomas
a
healthy
remarkably
I know no
society.
I would IS soon
where
affords
Mr.
to
COLLEGE
James
I
Izard
in
place
a
the
Series,
President
V,
Vol.
pp.
Mary
and
present
13
00)
88- 89
College,
to
Jefferson]
Williamsburg,
Dear
Uvt
44. p
William &
of
reasonably cheap,
world, while the
son. . .
4" a,"
"
e
2nd
QUARTERLY,
Madison,
situation,
place
Feb.
10,
1789.
Sir
I
were
have
so
recd.
good
as
your Favour of July last as well as the valuable Books you
to
send
to
the
care
of Mr.
Wythe.
I cannot
sufficiently
express
the obligation I feel myself under for these continued marks of your
kindness.
The Books were such as have afforded me the greatest Entertainment as well as Instruction.
Fourcroy' s Chymistry was a great acquisition
to me especially as he has
other
general treatise
highly esteem, ...
any
HUMPHREY
Ms.
1789
Octor
HARWOOD
Colonial
t_
z
13
LEDGER
concentered
I have
C- Folio
45
Even
Notes
on
I
Virga.
bushels
of
25
MARY
lime
at
COLLEGE
@ 9d &
1288
Dr
bricks
27/ 6
To repairing ye foundation
3:
9:
of large Chimney of
College -
the
president'
s
Kitchen
Well
50/
buck - &
than
shall always
Williamsburg]
WILLIAM &
To
more of the modern discoveries
seen.
ye
2: 10: -
2
�271.
IBID.,
folio
B-
96
Cr
Contra
Per
]
1789
Feb.
16
May
14
3
June
Novr
24
Decr
Cash
30
of
Cash
By
By
By
By
By
By
of
3:
do.
£
7:
7 --
3:
7:
2:
purser £
ye
8:
6
2:
8:
6
in
favour
81: 12:
3
Purser
an
order
do
in
favr
ye
of Richd
do
in
favr
of
2
an
in
favr
S.
Beall -
6:
Booker
J.
of
2:
4 1/ 2
10: 19:
7 )
of
order
of Mr
Moir
James
Tobacco £ 19: 18:
cash £ 2: 8:-
Kids
By
By
on
7
£
5:
704:
5[
sic]
4 1/ 4
6:
22:
Moir
7
6: -
7:
See posted folio 50 Ledger C.
fully settled)
WILLIAM &
MARY
AMERICtN
EARLY
Folder
PAPERS -
COLLEGE
Pamphlet -
80
OBSERVATORIES
I.
Willis
by
1937]
Milham.
20]
p.
The Observatory of the College of William and Mary
The
College
of
at
observatory
150,
of the
a
and
William
very
Mary
date,
early
possessed .
apparently
least
at
n
astronomical
In
1789.
to
prior
Vol.
3,
page
Transactions of the American Philosophical Society occurs the
following:
Astronomical
Observations,
communicated
of
eclipse
Observations
of
transit
Mercury
year, made at the
Dr.
James Madison.
a
lunar
the
over
of
University
Feb.
Read
2d,
and
William
and
1789,
Nov.
disk.
s
sun'
by David Rittenhouse
Nov.
5th of
Mary,
the
of
the
same
by the Rev'. d
1791
4th.
As the observatory in which the transit instrument had been
I was not enabled
formerly placed, was not, at this time, rebuilt,
to
the
to attend
going of the time- keeper, by means of such observations
I
as
wished
double
correspondent
to
have
I
made.
therefore
taken
altitudes,
with
a
had
recourse
It is supposed that Bishop Madison had very good scientific
for
the
then
time
that
Littleton
AN
1789]
the
Yorktown
the
the observatory
Waller
ACCOUNT
Ms.
until
AND
...
I
of
1781.
.. .
equipment
It may have been
was destroyed.
Tazewell
OF
HISTORY
in William &
Copy
campaign
to
sextant.
continued
THE
Mary
to
live
TAZEWELL
FAMILY (
Archives. (
with
Mr
1774- 1860)
NOT to be used
Wickham*
without
permission.)
as before but attended all
daily.
When I entered college I had just attained my fifteenth
and as their courses were then more than half finished by the several
professors,
I did not derive much benefit from any of them save only the
professors
year,
Mathematical
me
to keep
Mr.
on
Wickham
Nicholson
with• whom my previous studies with Mr Wythe enabled
professor,
up very
well.
occupied
Street,
what
is
adjoining
now
the
known
as
Tucker
the " Archibald
House.
MG
Blair
House,"
�42)
JAMES
ANDERSON
LEDGER
The
1790
Feb
Dr
College
Brought
18
from
To
one
1/
To
two
To
Mending
a
To
Mending
a
5
To
thirty
6
3. .-
the bar of a door 3/
10d
pd.
key
key
3.
10
for
a
lock
1. .
for
a
lock
1. .
8
Strike
of
Clouts
for
two
twenty
To
Repairing
large
Nails
10d
Nails
for
a Cart
a
lock
tier
ox
1. .
for
a
and
1. .
9d
gate
fitting
6
7
1. .
linchpin
3
1. .
Cart
One
Iron
an
To Repairing
infull
3
a
mending
-
3
tier
To
to
for
1/ 6
@
Staples
two
To
18
A hoop
21d
To
9
2. .-
6. .
5
@
bucket
Cr
7h
15. .
8
2..
Nails
11
Nov
a
1/ 3
Ditto
half
To Repairing
May
for
105
3
large
five
folio
A.
bale
a
for
Eare
Ditto
9
Leager
lengthing
To
Apr
1789- 1799
C
3
key
2..
lock
`
22
To
11
To
a
23
To
an
6
To a joint harsp 3/ 9 four Nails &
20
6
1. .
Ditto
putting
wards
in
a
door
1791
Jan
Revets
Clamp
6d
for
4. .
a
Cart
Wheel &
6
1. .
c
3
1. .
6
f
Feb
Iron
knee & Nails
for
Ditto
1. .
6. .-
l
f
I.
I'.
r
�272.
contemplating a removal from
year 1789 Mr Wickham,
Richmond.. .
it became necessary for my father to provide
Williamsfor me some
In the
to
burg
home.
he
This
did,
and
placed
special direction of Bishop Madison...
other
Ms.
LEDGER -
HARWOOD
HUMPHREY
Colonial
of,
house
the
and
under
the
25
Williamsburg]
with
Account
C-
in
me
WILLIAM &
COLLEGE
MARY
from
continued
Dr
1789.
]
1790
March
60 bush:
To
25
of
To mending
@ 9d- 2100
lime
the foundation
Arch &
the
turning
27/ 6
@
Bricks
5:
a
mending
of the Hall Chimney - )
laying the
3:
the
grate,
9/ ---- -:
well
plaistering - &
6
16
Cr
th
April
9: -
PER CONTRA
1790
9
Trimmer -
Hearth & c
To
2:
Cash £
By
May
By
By
Cash
4: 15
4: 15: 1: 10: -
Cash
6:
omitted
in
R.
Andrews
private
Euclid' s Elements
By Cash
MARY
WILLIAM &
R.
by
The
COLLEGE
from
Extract
J.
Morrison,
Society
this
College
of
a
was
burg
his
in
LETTER
FROM
Folder
of
informed
lost,
intention
March
Faculty State Library.]
by
EDMUND
M.
Bellini
that
26,
the
1791.
Ms.
original
charter
of
was some years past seen by him in the possesion
to deposit
Resolved
55
the
Karjavina,
Russia,
Historical
is
6: -
Virginia
certain
it
being
which
11: -
PAPERS -
Proceedings
5: -
acct for
a
the
of
native
same
Muscovy,
among
the
who
archives
declared
of
St.
that
Peters-
etc.
RANDOLPH
TO
ALEX. ANDER
ADDISON,
ESQ.
Pennsylvania
Orig.
Society [ Photostat Colonial Wmsburg.]
Philadelphia
July 29,
1792
Sir
to
S
1:
A variety of public and private business has prevented me from attending
your
request,
concerning
the
college
of
William
and
Mary,
in
Virginia,
at an earlier day.
The
origin
charter,
and
and
the
endowments
of
bill,
the
which I now put into your hands show the
college,
in
the
most
ample
manner.
. ..
�273.
Until
liam
the
and
successful
The
and
the
in his
examples
studies on the other
at
tuition
college
three
dollars
and
more,
and
defrayed
was
of
opening
suppressed,
ing
went
favor
of
thoughtlessly
on
incurred.
the
because
well
as
in
unimpaired,
was
troubles
and
At
the
in
this
funds were
ceased,
laws,
support
it
that
as
on
its
ancient
the
as
1779,
an
immense
year
consequences
of
this
of
It has
has
received
enough
no
indeed
philosophy
of the
sor
and
the
belles
lettres,
low
to
lecturer
mathematics,
living,
invite
maintain
a
professor
and
of
men
a
a
a
genius
and the
to
its
old
in
the
of
debt
of
dead
and
and
in
the
extensive
for by the new
continues
poor.
languages,
logic,
philosophy,
But
different
made
a professor of natural
the
law.
except
payments,
impossible
to
professorships,
and a more
resources,
was
with
to be called
president,
professor
of moral
professor
of
depression,
as seeming
to
accession
to
load
sold off all the property
Changes
footing.
learning was introduced,
political order of things.
scale
impos-
expenditures,
the
The
the
however,
professors,
if the collegiate
fortune
the visitors
were
salaries
It
expired.
and
fora.per- money;
from this
united
cause,
institution
in depreciated
it became
Currency,
the
the
the most productive
lands,
to
On
revenue.
taxation
all
in
annual
the
America,
their
period,
of
redundancy
in
college
hence,
very cheap,
not exceeding forty
But the real expence was much
annum.
per
the
by
side of the water.
formerly
was
third,
a
late
our
duties
most of our leading men were the alumni of Wilwere
few indeed,
of a Virginian being
revolution,
Mary;
the
chairs.
a profesmetaphysics and
emoluments
are
too
Dr McClurg was the
but the office
theory and practice of physic,
had not pecuniary allurements to detain such uncommon abilities in the
functions of mere, abstract
science.
I might perhaps venture to challenge
the United
States with the talents of bishop Madison,
the president, as
a natural
philosopher.
But he lingers at college for very peculiar
reasons,
and
cannot
be replaced by any successor,
whose literary merit
would not be questionable.
The
number
of students is greater
now,
than at any time since the war.
But they go from no distance;
the people on the high lands being afraid,
that
the
is,
where
college
will injure
the constitution
of
Williamsburg,
their children by the moisture and heat of its atmosphere.
I suspect
that the day is not very far off, when the remaining property will be
transferred by some violent act of legislature to the erection of an uniin
in
versity,
and well
most
the
neighbourhood
adapted
to
their
of
object;
Richmond. ..
.. . The
gems
of
ancient
learning,
easily
be
removed
to
rare
can
phy
anatomy
the
The buildings
.
admirable
library,
are spacious
containing the
and the apparatus for natural philoso-
spot,
which
shall
be
more
favored.
. ..
Edm. Randolph
Littleton
AN ACCOUNT
Waller
AND
1774- 1860) .
Tazewell
HISTORY
Ms.
copy
OF THE TAZEWELL
in
Wm. &
Mary
FAMILY
Archives. (
Photostat) .
Not
to
be
used
without permission.
I
lived
with Bishop Madison...
of all the classes,
In the spring of the year 1792 after
Mr Madison being much pleased with
my performance,
advised me to prepare myself to apply for a degree. ...
The mode of obtaining a degree at William and Mary was very different
an
4110
Nothing particular occurred to me during the residue of the year 1791.
still
examination
then
from what
it
was
afterwards.
The
course
was
this
-
The
student
who
�Letter.
Ralph
Mr.
Wormeley,
Harwood,
College
Ms . :
Library
Manuscripts
Microfilm
frames
Reference
from
ment,
The
Middlesex
Master,
Virginia .
Williamsburg,
Original
Rosegill,
Assistant
College
November
of
County, Virginia
of William and Mary,
8,
1791 .
Congress .
Collection
to
Source :
( Records ,
William and Mary
1710- 1818) ,
MSS
16- 470,
88- 90.
Jonathan
Colonial
Poston,
Architectural
Williamsburg
Foundation,
Rosegill,
Research
July
Novr
8th
31,
Depart-
1791.
1979.
Sir,
Nothing but necessity induced me to keep Ralph so long from
I think you have improved him in his reading in a short
College.
time.
some
to
I
he
may be taught
knowledge.
I
grammatical
write
talents ,
deavour
ceive
hope
-
render
well; &
he
to
turn
his
aspire
mind
to ;
tuition
penses ,
but ,
how
of
it
him:
has
should
as
to
anxious
fail
these
objects
to have
order
as
he
least
at
attain
him taught
of education
him,
can
one
had he
must
con[ ?]
ess
en[ con-
though he never may be brilliant yet
inform me what I owe you for your parI have Sent money to pay his school ex-
conjure ?] ;
grasp a
him
useful man. --
ticular
am very
such
to
so
the higher
arithmetic :
should
Latin;
&
been
disposed
of,
I
informed --
not
am
make
my best respects to Bishop Madison.
I
remain,
with perfect esteem
Sir
Your
most
humble
obedt
Servant
Ralph
Wormeley.
�Letter
[
4,
1772-
University
Reference
ment ,
of
Ralph
1802 ,
of
Rosegill,
Williamsburg,
Wormeley (
Manuscripts
Virginia,
from
Jonathan
Colonial
The
V,
You
sic] ,
without
I
bar
Robert
have
horse
County,
S
1783- 1802) ,
Wormeley Family
Alderman Library,
Collection,
Charlottesville ,
Poston,
Williamsburg
Virginia .
Architectural
Foundation,
4th
To :
Middlesex
Virginia.
1792 .
Letterbook
Papers ,
Wormeley,
Greenhow,
Robert
to
September
Ms .
Ralph
excerpt] .
Virginia
Research
July
Septr
31,
Depart-
1979 .
1792 .
Greenhow]
been
too
from
such Items :
in
your
knee buckles
whips ,
orders
large
me,
.
.
to
have
credit
to
my
Son,
and shoe buckles
been
supplied;
and
perfums
ought
in
.
Signed:
Ralph
not
future,
Wormeley. ]
410
�274.
wished
to
his
Professor
to
from
him
directed
to
some
all
of
these
When
other
from
the
an
occupied
were
to
days)
several
President
the
President.
the
student
Upon
a new order
for examination
who pursued the same course as the first.
Professor,
reports
for
the President immediately gave
When the examination by this
directed
report
he received
this,
receiving
sealed
a
applied
the Professors.
completed ( which usually
was
received
of
one
some
and
President.. .
the
This order
examination.
directed
him,
notified
degree,
a
obtain
for
order
if a majority of them were
presented,
unfavorable to the applicant he was told by the President that he was not
considered
favorable
then received
college,
an order to attend
for the purpose
of
each
degree.
a
receive
from
received
were
to
prepared
suffuciently
reports
the
a convocation
of undergoing
So
...
soon
the
professors,
of all the faculty
a new examination
Es
student
of the
by this convocation.
At this meeting the President presided and the examination wat conducted
by each professor in turn who did not confine himself to his own branch,
but in the course of his examination ranged through all the collegiate
studies.
When this examination was over the student retired and on the
If this l: as favorable
next
by the President of the result.
day was informed
he was then directed to prepare a thesis upon any subject he thought proper,
and
deliver
the
same
exhibited
was
found
to
when
directed
the
when
entitled
its
on
always
to
thesis
to
subject,
in
amend
to
or
President.
the
to
objectionable,
another
Prepare
prepared
when
which
that
If
style
he
this
or
had
thesis
he
matter,
was
And
prepared.
he was then informed
that he was
finally approved,
which would be conferred upon him in the College Chapel
before a public assembly which
day, the first of August,
was
degree,
foundation
convened
there
on
such
Hews
occasions.
therefore
directed
to
commit his thesis to memory to be delivered by dim as an oration on that day,
and to apply to each of the professors for a list of questions and duties
as they would propound to and impose upon him at his public examination
to the end that he might be fully prepared for this last experiment.
I
of
which
for
applied
the
for my
orders
necessary
private
My examination before the convened
passed. . .
My thesis was approved by the President...
I
examinations,
faculty was also
And
satisfactory.
of August 1792 I received my diploma
hands
the
upon
me,
assembled
each
on
the
first
in the Chapel of William and Mary from
it with a high eulogium
Bishop Madison, who accompanied
delivered before a large concourse of persons who were there
singular
spectacle.
then
witness
to
this,
I say singular spectacle,
of ...
because such was the difficulty of obtaining a degree in this seminary at
that
I
time
believe
had
no
such
honor
the
that
was
last
conferred
been
in
for
conferred
this
mode.
many
years
before,
and
. ..
STATUTES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WILLIAM AND MARY
Richmond:
Photostat
Davis,
Augustine
in
William &
STAT.
4.
IV. -
OF
Student
No
1792
Papers,
College
Mary
GOOD
ORDER
shall,
in
AND
any
Folder
DECORUM, &
way,
injure
4)
5
p.
C.
or deface
the
building
the
time
or the property of the College.
p.
4110
6]
6 •
The
Student
shall
attend
prayers
in
at
chapel,
appointed. . ..
STAT.
1.
V. -
Each
OF ROOMS.
Student,
before
he
shall
be
admitted
to
a
room
in
College,
�275.
which
the
shall
room
the
Bursar,
shall
be assigned
of
sum
President,
the
by
twenty
for
shillings,
shall
the
pay into the hands
of
purpose
repairs. . .
of
this
be
paid annually, otherwise the room inhabited by the person or
failing to comply with this injunction, shall be allotted to the
first applicant who will comply with it
sum
persons
2.
Students
Two
sum of twenty
No
3.
shall
shillings
fuel
other
allotted
be
each
to
may be equally
than
coal,
pit
if
room,
and
necessary;
then
the
divided.
shall
be burnt
in the rooms
inhabited
by
Students.
STAT.
OF
VI. -
1.
No
who
hath
Student
not
THE
LIBEiI.
shall
first
privileged
be
paid
ten
to take any books
to
shillings
the
from the library,
which
Bursar.. .
sum
shall
entitle the Student to the use of the library for one year.
2.
Student
No
shall
receive
than
more
book
one
at
time;
a
the
value
of
which he shall previously deposit with the Librarian.
3.
Student
Every
in
STAT.
1.
VII. -
OF
Student,
No
taking
THE
book,
a
Chamber,
Council
the
within
month
at
hath not first advanced
shall
be
one quarter
admitted
the
bell
be
to
rung
the
public
table,
who
charge for board.
room where the table
and
notice,
give
at
of the yearly
No one shall attempt to come into the
3.
until
return it to the Librarian
farthest; ...
TABLE
Scholar,
or
shall regularly
one
the doors
be opened
is kept,
by the
Steward.
No
4.
said,
shall
person
by
either
shall
persons
uncovered,
be
and
shall
5.
No
Student,
ted
to
board
Rev.
THE
leave
Jedediah
Boston:
the
who
of
trade -
very
but
little
no
observe
the
the
table,
Student.
until grace
At
strictest
table
order
be
all
and
decorum,
be permit-
College.
and
GEOGRAPHY
miles
fast
in
to
ed.
public
but
of
of
of this
the
dull,
The
It, consists
1400
about
infArnous
seat
550- 551
the
and melancholy no industry,
of
gaming unprosperous
state
of
At
college and the capitol.
forsaken
one
of about
inhabitants. . .
government,
have
of
the
and
college,
contributed
much
city.
accounts
Philosophical
Vols.,
the
pp.
Richmond. . .
has
appears
the
I,
buildings,
religion.
removal
Vol.
of
and
decay,
Williamsburgh
the
4
1789),
eastward
two
are
amusements,
identical
London: 1795),
from
senior
or
so soon as they rise from the table.
the table
to board
in town,
shall
1st
appearance
to the decline
Almost
retire
quit
60
is
principally
Commercial
or
shall
ed.
street
thing
Every
no
in
2nd
going
this
to,
Master,
Morse
1793. (
houses,
ends
shall
UNIVERSAL
Williamsburg
200
hall,
again
AMERICAN
down
sit
Professor,
a
Vol.
in
Winterbotham'
View
III
of
the
s
AN
American
Historical,
United
Georgraphical,
States
�276.
elpColleges,
Academies, & c.)
The college of William and Mary was founded
in the time of king William and queen Mary...
The
college
roof,
a
would
about
were
of
which
C.
John
THE
30
OF
misshapen
pile,
kiln."
brick
a
which,
"
but
Jefferson) .
of
memlers
gentlemen
students.
law
Fitzpatrick,
George
hugh
a
for
taken
young
were
WRITINGS
is
edifice
be
this
In
college,
that
1787
a large
it
has
there
proportion
ed.
WASHIvGTON,
Washington
to
Vol.
34,
William
45
p.
Augustine
Washington]
November
Philadelphia,
1794
23,
No doubt you have enquired into the reputation of the Colleges at
and
Williamsburgh
well
spoken
Thomas
GAZETTE
from
Extract
of
first
WEEKLY
ADVERTISER,
from
AND
Williamsburg,
letter
a
dated
be not entirely
of
the
able
of
similar
French,
gallant
The
whole
We
arms.
which
were
made
cupola
of
a
Telescope
mile
. ..
LETTER,
mond:
in
IIIPMr.
Capitol,
COLLEGE
II,
the
p.
By
length.
1794-
has,
TUCKER,
from
slight
if
which,
TELEGRAPH,
a
it
an
the
The
upright
with
signals
observer
was
shaft
small
a
were
with
model,
made
stationed
two
move-
the
arms
from
at
the
the
college,
40.
about
were
of
yesterday,
whilst
taken
The distance you know as nearly a
down,
in a very few minutes...
QUARTERLY,
186
Jedediah
Rev.
GEOGRAPHY. '
a
A.
Morse,
citizen
of
M.,
of
Author
Williamsburg [
the '
AMERICAN
George
St.
Tucker]
UNIRich-
1795
Indeed,
one
to
in
inches
magnifying
Vol.
consists
experiment
sentences
MARY
Series,
VERSAL
old
Three
WILLIAM &
A
the
16,
to that which announces so rapidly the victories
must,
I think at least equal it in simplicity and
apparatus
an
7
only
with
1st
heard
latterly,
1794
December
Judge
professor,
worthy and ingenious
afforded in the public
just made
papers,
dispatch.
have,
20,
December
Our
hints,
I
these
ed.
Nicolson,
VIRGINIA
The
Annapolis.
of ...
the
instance,
describing
J
author'
have
to
certain
s
s
veneration
made
him
edifices
authority
no
for
forego
[
College
doubt),
Mr.
the
c4
to
Jefferson'
use
of
Capitol]
be '
s
his
rude,
taste,
own
he
appears,
optics,
pronounces
mishapen
in
since
them (
piles,
upon
which,
�277.
they have roofs,
is confessed that neither
but
Inigo
or
might
such
p.
195J
weathercock,
college,
to have
and
resignation
been designed
It
by Palladio,
that a less refined
architect
characteristic
distinction from ordinary
surmounted
a pediment and
a cupola,
to
each.
brickwith
of most
of thrsejourths
disorganized,
wholly
of
the
a
...
though divested
revolution,
brick- kilns. '
common
windows,
The
..
of them appears
some other
doors,
as
and
spire
for
taken
it is however not impossible
Jones;
discover
kilns;
be
would
that
that
at
has,
professors,
of its revenues
the
since
at the
by the removal
rtod,
e-
been
peace,
or
success-
fully revived and generally the resort of from thirty to forty students,
in
there
two
by
and
belongs
an
exceeded
the
the
or
ann.
in
revived
instructed
and
philosophy,
law,
parents choose
including
of which,
expense
twenty
at present
been
who are
if their
scholars,
college,
per
school,
has
guineas.
To
...
the
college
The college is so far from being
that the number of students is now considerably
the
state,
before
than
greater
28
this
students
Grammar
in
in
to be encreasing
discontinued,
library, and an apparatus which is probably not
upon
any
The
usher.
lodged
time
a
boys
sixty
town.
is
for
was
or
an
tuition,
declining
a
fifty
extensive
by
Their number appears
which
and
and
boarded
are
washing
in
about
are
law.
school,
professors,
and lodge in
board
it,
in
or
philosophy,
The grammar
the
continent. ..
the
At
revolution.
end
of
the
last
term,
about
viz.
the beginning oI' the present month their numbers were between forty and
Williamsburg,
fifty.
1110
William
A NEW
28th,
1795.
Guthrie
SYSTEM
OF
Philadelphia:
6.
May
MODERN
GEOGRAPHY
Mathew
1795, ) Vol.
Carey,
II,
L.97- 8
pp.
0
in
Every thing
little
trade
the
principally
Williamsbueg appears dull,
The unprosperous
industry.
or
removal
of
the
sec-
t
of
forsaken,
of
state
have
goverment,
and melancholy
the
but
college,
contributed
much
to
the decline of this city.
OOO
Colleges,
c.)
of William & Mary was founded in
The college
king William and queen Mary, who granted to it twenty thousand
acres
of land, end a penny per pound duties on certain tobaccoes exported
from Virginia
and Maryland...
The assembly gave it, by temporary laws,
a
From these
duty on liquors imported, and on skins and furs exported.
the
Academies, &
of
time
it
resources
of
are
received
brick,
hundred
twenty
Under
By
students.
and
visitor.s...
corporated.
upwards
its
to
charter,
have
of
established.
To
these
by
mr.
Indians. ..
4110
This
called
learners
a
name
of
The
pounds.
it was to be under
president
and
in
was
England,
Latin
it disagreeable
and
and
annexed,
were
of
Boyle,
the
buildings
purchased
Greek
filled
degrading
to
with
the
young
the government
professors,
who
of
were
in-
in the general assembly.
Latin languages,
and
a
philosophy,
and two of divinity,
for a sixth professorship,
a con-
England,
professorship
six
Greek
a
donation
that
thousand
of the
professorship
mathematics,
one
of moral
charter,
siderable
or
three
It was allowed a representative
this
professorship
were
of
sufficient for an indifferent accommodation of perhaps one
for the instruction
of
monies
college
Brafferton,
given.
with
gentlemen
from
The
admission
estate
of
the
This rendering
prepared for entering
children.
already
of the
an
�278.
the
on
sciences,
for
schools
service,
modating
those
of
became
late
in
the
the
of
came
only
of
of
the
Greek
a
which
of
number
it;
might
and
have
thus
been
too were exhausted
of
rudiments
to change
fixed by
were
the
of
some
in accomAfter
sdence.
the
those
circumstances
charter,
and being
undertook
professorships,
to
change
divinity, and that
others;
and substituted
languages,
so that they at
for law and police-- anatomy and medicine
professorship
excluded
They
Latin
thus--
which
having no power
college
the
them.
and
stand
present
the
to
the
acquire
to
resorting
philosophy,
The revenues
to
the visitors
confined
objects
moral
little.
constitution
therefore
and
very
who
revolution,
from
discouraged
were
they
mathematics
two
the
of
schools
the law of nature
philosophy and mathematics-- moral philosophy,
fine arts-- modern languages-- and for the Brafferton.
the
nations,
natural
and
The
a
college
roof,
about
of
Scott,
were
pile, " which,
( Jefferson).
In
but
misshapen
brick- kiln."
a
of
this
that
it
has
there
1787,
were
a large proportion
college,
Joseph
GEOGRAPHICAL
end
in
this
street,
this
William
one
professorships;
lettres;
one of
humanity.
of
and
house,
of
Philadelphia:
DICTIONARY,
each
At
state
or
huge,
a
for
taken
young gentlemen members
law- students.
...
thirty
whom
is
edifice
be
would
and
of moral
has
s
buildings,
public
college
The
. ..
the
college
capitol,
has
natural
philosophy,
of law,
one
mathematics;
It
two
are
Mary'
page ( Wil)
1795,
one
and
philosophy,
of modern languages,
6
the
belles-
and
two
library, and an apparatus equal to any
on
the continent.
There are usually about 40 students in the different
A grammar school annexed
branches.
to
the college;
there are generally
school
an
50
about
extensive
or
60
Few
boys.
colleges
in
the
United
States
,
have produced a greater number of men eminent for talents and learning.
One thing generally characterizes
the gentlemen educated at William and
Mary' s college, is, their great liberality of sentiment; their minds are
never cramped by local prejudices.
...
Isaac
and
Jr.
Weld,
TRAVELS
THROUGH
the
AMERICA. ..
DURING
THE
YEARS
1795,
1796,
95] ...
at
OF NORTH
1799)
April. [ 1796]
Williamsburgh,
p.
STATES
THE
London:
1797. (
The
Jefferson,
Mr.
kiln,
end
I
excepting
number
when
I
of
college
opposite
of
think,
that
was
it
William
the
main
says,
has
of
young
the
just learning
professorships
The
place.
ural
of
boys
conseuently
and
Half
these
professorships,
moral
Virginia
ings.
deterred
for
it
is
it
a
termed
since
still
called,
stands
the
school
present
revolution,
more
now
of
Greek
advanced
languages,
they
one would
grammar
rudiments
two
as
The students were about thirty in
a
the
others
as
is
heavy pile, which bears,
a very close resemblance to a large brick
roof."
a
as
Mary,
from their appearance
there:
ought
rather to
be
seminary
I understand
the visiters,
which
"
and
street;
and
stand,
than
and
imagine
a
Latin,
going
established
are
for
law,
the
yet
it full
finding
from
that
college;
a
circumstance
there,
dropped
others
in
medicine,
their
nat-
mathematics,
and modern languages.
philosophy,
The bishop
is president
of the college,
and has apartments in the builda dozen
or more
of the students,
the eldest
about twelve years
�279.
old,
dined
or
to
help
and
table
his
at
at
themselves
some
oyster
the
A couple
board.
side
were
without
shoes
they constantly
of dishes
of
I only mention
dinner.
the
some
there;
was
During dinner
coats.
formed
soup,
I
that
day
one
without
others
stockings,
rose
salted
meat,
this as it may
convey some little idea of American colleges and American dignitaries.
COLLEGE
RY
M
WILLIAM &
American
From:
Series,
2nd
QUARTERLY,
Gazette
General
and
XV,
Vol.
199- 200
pp.
Norfolk,
Advertiser,
1796.]
9,
Aug.
To the visitors of William and Mary Colledge
Gentlemen:
the students of William and Mary Colledge not less zealous for the
WE,
prosperity of this Seminary than desirous of promoting its welfare take
on
to you our sentiments
liberty of presenting
to merit your most serious attention.
the
which,
subject,
a
we
conceive,
The regulations
been
have
seems
to
have
dents
to
reside
of
Colledge
ade]
perv[
with
d
for the government of different
the
whole,
Mary
determined,
your
in
permitted
subjected
have
the
statement
of a few facts
In
what
no
this
others
but
thereafter
which,
accomodations.
and of those
we
have
will
furnish
Of
.. .
the
be
been
evils
which may hereafter
ample
which
be felt,
testimony.
The boarding houses are actually inadequate
First,
the
not,
know
we
should
of
consequence
to the stu-
respect,
till within a few
'
authority
student
however,
which could possibly result from a dif-
necessary
experienced,
been
already
colledge.
the
procuring
by
In
to every inconvenience
of
all
that
approbation,
seminaries,
One,
numerous.
seminary.
resembled
has
to
ficulty
the
been
a general permission
viz;
of
walls
was
reside
have
seminaries
and
it
when
the
the
within
William
years past,
we hope
not
adopted
as
various
as
for the accomodation
Secondly, Their situations are extremely unfavorable to
and
others
the most
of them being too remote from colledge,
some
of the town.
most extravagant prices are exacted
Thirdly, .. .
parts
of the
students.
study;
public
for board.
facts,
These
sity of a re- admission
In
to
the
which
is
almost
cultivated
at
knowledge,
colledge
It
are
to
of
that
other
It has
also
this objection
in
to
the
stated
expense,
no
favor
dwell
students
all
of
evince
the neces-
into colledge.. .
we
facts,
might
unoccupied,
totally
derives
urged,
refractory
suppose
above
considerable
a
been
has
too
those
of the students
addition
building
must sufficiently
persuaded,
are
we
from
mention
the
immense
and the spacious garden,
to
which,
profit
of
above
the
best
of
our
whatever.
the
under
this
the
that
regulation,
same
colledge
the
students
roof.
Have we any reason
more ungovernable
than
are
colledges? . ..
been
said,
that
is too absurd
colledge
cannot afford
to merit a confutation.
VIRGINIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY &
Coles
A.
Letter from Isaac
BIOGRAPHY,
to Dagid
Vol.
Watson
XXXX (
to
support
a table,
...
1922),
p.
231
of Louisa]
William &
Mary
College,
Novb.
1797.
04
Most
several
of
new
our
old
ones
friends &
five
or
fellow students have
six &
twenty
of
us
board
returned together with
here
with
Mr.
Moir
the
29th.,
�280.
live
rest
at
S
Letter
as
ever,
are
now &
&
in
all
about
forty.
We are as merry &
then take a trip into the Blue room.
There
College.
mischievous
from Garrett Minor
to David
Watson]
Wmsburg,
Well
of
part
compliment
of
sundry interrogations
further
trial.
...
into
the
which
to
Blue
they
tremendous
1797
redoubtable
A. party made of about 15 drank
Room
Hornsby to fire a gun at them,
of
about
before
received
257- 259
pp.
Michie
to David
rdher
over the morals of some of the
provoked a Mr.
returned by a salute
they
us
the
change,
a
Room.
town,
the
called
Madison]
IBID.,
way
Blue
the
end by some taunting reflections
freely...
reputable
Mr.
by
seen,
of
insides
terrifying
which
have
I
sir,
2C,
Dec.
50
brick
bats.
...
the
who
professors,
answer,
condemned
no
He
after
us
to
XXIX ( 1921)
Vol.
Letters
of
Robert
Watson]
Wm &
Nov.
Mary,
1797.
3rd,
I have taken your room as its called in college and have the happiness
to
tell you that there is an alteration considerable
in the Brafferton
but far are they yet, from the Heliogabelan
proficiency.
diet
Wm. &
411
21,
Dec.
Mary,
1797.
Respecting news or occurrences that which engrosses the attention of
every one at present is the setting of Hornsbie' s House to rights in an
Eggnog
engaged
Common
fit.
Hall
has
set
Blue
Room
and
Lemon
with
a note
has
been
ever since the inability of Tucker to attend has caused them to
go to his house to say they wish to proceed legally now, the question
being put in the Blue.
Whether were you present or not?
MARY
WILLIAM &
From La
fait
en
Ce
COLLEGE
1795,
1796
mille
quarts
Le
college
et
it
est
de
de
considerables.
classiques;
volumes
n'
des
de
darn
X,
les
81- 82
pp.
Etats- unis d' Amerique
286- 296.]
pp.
cent
dans
pieds de large,
extremite aboutit au
soixante
l' autre
de
trois
college.
par
Il possed. e une bibliotheque
presque
plus
et
IV,
Vol.
Series,
Voyage
les reparation; annuelles,
pas assez riche pour faire
la legislature quand it est necessaire,
d' en faire
est
secouru
Vol.
rue
une
long,
2nd
Liancourt,
1797.
et
termine
capitole
de
QUARTERLY,
Rochefoucauld-
tous
sont
et
beauxu
neeociantadreL icomond' quil
g
des
de
vieux
meilleurs
taint
livres,
assez
Bien
fournie
a 1' exception
ouvrages
fran.
pais,
dnia.rgeieriesdfamirelgqas
F
de
de livres
deux
envoys
ertauucolie
cent
en
ge
a
oublie assez longtems dans sa cave milieu des barrils de sucre et d ' ruile,
avoir remis
absolument
pour les
Les founds du college ne permetgates.
tent
aucune
addition
a
cette
bibliotheque,
tres- mal
tenue
d' ailleurs
pour
1' ordre et la proprete
The Brafferton has long been used as a boarding or rooming house
for
students.
�281.
VIRGINIA
MAGAZINE
William
OF HISTORY &
Brockenbrough
to
Vol.
BIOGRAPHY,
David
XXX,
237
p.
Watson],
Jan.
Williamsburg,
Dear
I
have
in
a
in
Minor'
hard
s
the
old
and
all lost our characters
C.
John
to
Town
The
more
I
more
and
David
doubtful
I
36,
Vol.
Jos.
of
utility,
OF
MAGAZINE
S.
Watson
Doings
brick-
the
Blue
we
have
and
137
p.
Vernon,
its
HISTORY &
to
David
Parke
Washington
could
he
be
placed
on
the subject of oral communications
VIRGINIA
to
and
Stuart]
unless
am
induced
twice,
.. .
of his [ George
think
Mary, (
met
Terrible
Mount
William
be
of
the
occasion...
by it.
OF WASHINGTON,
Washington
the
of
ed.
Fitzpatrick,
WRITINGS
Council
on
supping on a plenty of egg- nog
march up and down Town with
out,
turn
drunkenness
the
by
The
times
six
but
do
we
House.
s
met
Last month after
length
at
would you think that I have been engaged
Watson;
.. .
must
what
Hornsby'
Council
Room
frolic?
Room,
Fiddle,
bat
here,
luck
nocturnal
THE
1798.
14,
Watson:-
many
in
January
Custis]
the
which
than by letter.
BIOGRAPHY,
Vol.
Feb.
Watson,
9,
29,
1799]
entering
s
Bishop'
accounts;
1798.
22,
at
family)
had
the
better
be
...
138- 40
p.
February 9th,
Williamsburg,
Rep.
Anno
25
Brother Davy,
there
was
for
enquired
I. believe
numbers;
of
and
of
genius
and
and
promising.
our
called
a
man
down
I was
me.
I have
that,
at
before
with
industry.
here
from
Louisa.
College.
He
told you that our College
the
numbers,
But
.. .
of
to Mr.
came
Moirs
she
our
possesses
60,
was flourishing
a
considerable
about one
fourth are
genius and industry is
liberal profession,
a
I
believe
industrious
employed
in
the
of
study
the
law.
Law,
he
teaches
tho
is surely one of the greatest enemies of general
almost
professes to teach Modern Languages,
the knowledge
of them.
.. .
i
in
portion
It is unfortunate for me that far the greater quantity
.. .
and liberal learning.
As for Mathematics,
that
Philosophy suffers by it.
you know,
Mr. Andrews pretends to have
long out of fashion at this place.
But
and
.. .
as
much
which
of
Hebrew.
amounts
to
...
a
Old
total
has
been
----[
torn]
Bellini
exclusion
of
�282.
Letter
Series,
QUARTERLY,
MARY
WILLIAM &
2nd
Charles
Bellini
from
to
Vol.
V,
p. 11
Jefferson]
Thomas
April
Williamsburg,
1st,
1799.
Our poor village affords nothing worthy the ear of a philosopher.
William &
pleasure
Mary the most important object here has long been in a declinbut I am happy to inform you ( and I know that it will give you
to hear)
that it is at present rising very rapidly ...
VIRGINIA
MAGAZINE
ing
state,
Letter
from
OF HISTORY &
Chapmen
BIOGRAPHY,
Johnson
to
Vol.
David
XXIX,
265- 266
pp.
Watson]
Wmsburg
19th
Deer. [
17] 99
My Dear Friend,
My situation in College is as commodious and agreeable as I could
have
reasonably
floor,
I
I
a
occupy
habitation,
I
convenient
very
believe.
promise myself half
Lectures on Magnetism &
not
do
The
ophy.
expected.
former
your
the
on
room,
the
third
...
I
pleasure
Central
Forces
receive
were
from N.
Philos-
particularly
pleasing to me for altho the theories of Magnetism are extremely chimerical,
yet the phenomena are so curious beautiful and interesting that they
truly
are
of
any
of
one
certainly
But
entertaining.
with
obscured
most
the
the
of
doctrine
fancifal
these
Central
theories...
beautiful
that
machines
the illustration of Philosophical phenomena.
WILLIAM &
MARY
James
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Madison
Thomas
to
Folder
is
Forces,
The Whirling
was
not
Table
so
is
invented,
ever
for
...
107
Photatat]
Jefferson.
1800
January 17th
Williamsburg
The
in
Professorship
McClurg left
its
stead. -
answered
could
of
Dr
after
a
the
This
Chemistry &
of
be
able
been
not
Grammar
the
The
to
has
a
the
Professorship
visitors
obtain
School
of
Patrons
the
had ...
revived...
advantageously
We have not been
of ye
Revival
Expectations
Visitation
c
actually
abolished;
but
two Professorships of Humanity were instituted
us,
seem
to
of
meeting
has,
however,
Scheme,
of
Chemistry
have
them
that
for
so illy
I am persuaded,
be,
might
abandoned
5 years.
the
very
College.
Such
is
the attention paid to Science!
Paul Leicester
Ford,
WORKS
OF
Thos.
THE
Jefferson
We
have
THOMAS
in
that
JEFFERSON,
to
Joseph
state
a
Vol.
IX,
96
p.
Philadelphia,
Priestly]
college
( Wm.
&
Mary)
Jan.
18,
1800.
just well enough endowed
to draw out the miserable existence to which a miserable constitution has
doomed
it.
It
is
moreover
eccentric
in
it'
s
position,
exposed
to
bilious
�2 g3.
lower
country
is,
as that part of the
country
itself
diseases
care,
it'
the
all
as
inhabitants.
s
more
J.
the
Madison
to
an
University...
Folder
107
Photostat]
Jefferson.
T.
therefore abandoned by the public
is in a considerable degree by
in
the upper &
healthier country,
establish
to
state,
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
WILLIAM &
wish
We
for
centrally
&
March 30th 1800
Williamsburg
Some preparatory Steps were
on
the 411. of July.
that
Day... but I fear, the
taken
I
Business,
on
School
should
be
once
mit us to indulge
more
Books
Bayle'
FROM
411
Locke'
s
s
Ground &
6
collection
s
abolished,
PAPERS -
TUCKER
3
works
Fortescue'
of
Doubt
the
which
of
a
College,
I do
not
of Collegiate
meeting [ of
unless
the
expect,
Visitors]
Grammar
will
to you for forwarding Dr Priestly' s Book.. .
bought by Mr Tucker
s
genl dicty
Ruehworth'
Funds
no
in Mrs.
of the estate
Coleman' s possession
of James
Innes 8- 10.2.--
vols
1. 16.--
vols
reports
rudiments
Jr
Kalling' s reports
Yelverton'
s
Vaughan' s
reports
Finch'
State
A
reports
3. -. -
s do
Carthew'
do
s -
1. 16 1.
7. 6
trials
tent ---
18.
Wmsburg
April
Reced
Acct
of
the
30th.
1800.
above
Sum
Books
bot
at
March
26.
of £ 18. 9. 6.
in full
Elizabeth Lanes
1800
Col.
18. 9. 6.
paid
April
per]
rect
not
per-
the hope of a Revival of the chymical Professorship...
I am greatly obliged
PHOTOSTAT
for a full Discussion
have
30.
1800
within
Innes'
s
Sale.
9. 6
�a;
w`
t
478z
aRed
94tsoddo
�284.
VIRGINIA
OF HISTORY &
MAGAZINE
Letter
of
J
S.
Shelton
BIOGRAPHY,
to
David
Vol.
XXIX,
159- 160
pp.
Watson]
Williamsburg January
17th.
1801
Bro tree r Davy,
Wm. &
In
Mary
prospers.
The number of her
Political Course we are advanced
the
of Nations].
We
dissertation
WILLIAM &
upon
COLLEGE
St.
Henry
his
George
the
far
is about
sixty.
Smith [ Wealth
as
read Paine' s Rights of Man and a short
subject
St.
to
of
2nd
QUARTERLY,
Tucker
as
The Bishop has introduced Locke
Rousseau.
I have also
of
MARY
read
have
Government...
upon
students
Government...
Series,
George
Vol.
Tucker
X,
in
164.
p.
Winchester]
Williamsburg
Aug.
8.
1801.
My dear papa.
the
Among
moval
the
of
nose
which
of
411,
the
and
been
has
now
cuts
measure
a
by
broken
pedestal
it
some
plug
was
Indies,
the
our
to
statue
little
the
and
bishop
almost
flat
were
Moody
face
II.
In
It was purchased by
in
His
conjunction.
if it had
been
of the
stuck
cut
off in
dispersed,
son
with
the
warmest
St.
affection
George
Tucker
American
to
the
in
and
in
of
credit
founded
EIGHTEENTH
THE
the
Colleges,
there
William
incorporated
is due
OF
CENTURY [
L.
C.]
1803
Virginia
1.
The
as
re-
very handsome figure
rendezvous
to the curious...
a
RETROSPECT
York:
Vol.
the
Miller
BRIEF
New
is
by Mr. Madison and the parts
have been carefully collected together,
indeed.
It has already become in
Henry
Samuel
boast,
can
renewed
scientifically
which
Mr.
to his
Your
A
town
College.
the
professors for L,100.
and is placed in the center
facing the town.
His head has been very dextrously
iron
an
s
and
walk,
with
which
improvements
Botetourt'
president
College
on
Lord
are
Colleges,
College,
Mary
by King
1693,
obtaining
Rev.
503.
p.
two
James
American
the
at
William
Charter,
Blair. (
See
viz.
Williamsburgh.
and
This
Queen Mary,
and of organizing
p.
335.)
This
institution
whose
names
was
it
bears.
the establishment,
was
the
second
College
Colonies.
The governing powers in this College are vested in a Board of Visitors,
not exceeding
kladison,
who
is
The
Officers
are,
a President ( now the
Rev.
twenty.
Dr.
Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of Virginia),
also
Professor
of
Moral
and
Natural
Philosophy;
a
Professor
of
�285.
Mathematics;
Languages;
411/
In
Logic
Philosophy
Reid,
Duncan,
In
Dr.
of
s
Wealth
In
Desaguliers,
and
not
are
compelled
attend
to
of them is necessary in order
No particular
at
period of residence
students who are prepared to go through
its
The
S
cost,
stant
The
Funds
monies
of
to
lands;
tain
at
a
this
to
Chaptal, &
former,
the
College
this
yet
is
the prescribed
degree.
required.
All
examination
may
1768,
in
than
2000
of the year
The
volumes.
Philosophical
and tolerably complete.
3000 dollars.
Having been in con-
and
it
3000
well
was
30 years,
in the beginning
about
chosen,
in
stands
need
of
repairs,
and
is
less
first.
this
about
College
4500
certain
much
were
dollars
per
of
proportion
diminished
annum --
by
derived
Surveyor'
s
fees;
the
from
and
Revolution.
the
the
rents
They
of
interest
cerof
There is probably no College in the United States in which political
so
is
studied
pre- eminently
2.
Hampden
VIRGINIA
THE
Richmond:
with
so
much
favourite
a
College,
Sidney
GAZETTE, &
the
4111
the
Visitors
Council
and
Chamber,
in
this.
Edward
County. .. .
ADVERTISER
printer.
Vol.
XVI,
No.
970.
February
2,
1802
CONVOCATION
Governors
within
and in which it is considered
as
in Prince
GENERAL
Davis,
Augustine
ardour,
object,
AT A
Of
tue
of
said
William
and
College,
Mary College, held at
the 25th day of November,
1801.
THE
SCHOOL
Convocation,
in
c.
a competent
of a regular
loaned.
science
the
Helsham,
Rowning,
Lavoisier,
the taking
College,
contains
between
time,
more
than
in
Library
procured
that
for
amount
Students
The
when
at
complete
now
of
53.
use
of
course
course,
honours.
number
was
Apparatus,
It
this
takes an extensive view of the
to
knowledge
1801,
In
government; comments on the great work of Judge
the structure and principles of the American governof Virginia.
of the
particularly
government
In teaching the
Languages,
the usual course is pursued.
modern
Though all
Students
receive
Adams,
Economy.
is a regular
those
are
Cavallo,
the Professor
Law,
Political
there
experiment.
recommended,
and
Law.
and Martens.
explains
and
ancient
of
Philosophy
necessary
Moral Philosophy.
Vattel
7.
c.
of
Belles
of
principles
Blackstone;
ments,
to,
3.
works
and
Natural
4.
Nations.
Rosseau, &
every
Rhetoric
used.
Paley.
of
Law
Muschenbroeck,
department
the
general
the
referred
is
In Natural
with
attended
generally
Martin,
5.
c
of Nations.
chiefly
studied
2.
1.
the
subjects,
studied.
are
Lectures
s
author
these
of,
consists
course
On
are
Stewart
Montesquieu,
Locke,
Lectures,
works
the
the
Mind.
Human
Burlamaqui,&
and
Politics.
Smith'
Blair'
College,
this
the
of Modern
and a Professor of Chemistry.
Law;
Professor
department
Rutherforth
6.
and
Here
Lettres.
this
of
a Professor
Languages;
Ancient
in
School,
Moral
and
of
of
Professor
a
the
Professor
a
tle
said
taking under consideration
College,
cu.
a.
e
to
the
the state of the GRANT‘
following
Resolutions
thereupon:
�286.
Resolved,
That
the
of
May
6
410
first
Clock
to
8,
o'
in
be,
first
the
in
attendance
of
be,
October,
School,
Grammar
the
in
the
from
from
morning,
And
and from 9 to 12;
and from 2 to 5 in the evening:
of attendance from the first of October to the first of
that the hours
May,
to
of
hours
the
the
from
morning,
7
8,
to
and
from
and
12;
to
9
from
2
to
half past 4 in the evening.
TUCKER- COLEMAN MS.,
Beverley
Folder
No.
330
Tucker to John Randolph
of Roanoke
in Congress
February
Williamsburg,
these
By
down
to
tion
which
torn]
present
of
Students (
whom
your
This
myself
as
a
remove
me
from
present.
It
is
a week
WILLIAM &
MARY
to
as
4110
Newspaper
11—
York,
New
We
and
I'
Mary,
at
In
u'
+
all
of
ill
cflf
4
the
his
his
pelted
of
AND
true,
in
as
much
I might
Papa
him
in
no
longer
has
been
to go upon
so
conkind
for the
hand, . ..
Folder 14
Connecticut
Courant,
April
12,
1802.]
the
of
is
that
Virginia,
completely
present
least,
at
this
extraordinary
difference
between two
a
both
assembled,
they
cut
down
the
professor
house,
which
expelled,
of
abused
went
to
pulpit...
law
in
him, ...
the
broken
so
College
and
up,
of
the
William
system
of
entirely discontinued.
are
affair,
of
the
enraged
the
as
follows:-
students. ..
all
Church,
a duel
was
the rest of the
broke
and
destroyed
from thence proceeded to the house
the
broke all his winUniversity,
The judge it is said has resigned
Professor...
MARY
COLLEGE
2nd
QUARTERLY,
Series,
Vol.
V,
pp.
61, 62
To the Editor of the New York Evening Post:Sir,- In your paper of the 3d of this month you published two short
paragraphs
4111
that
Tucker...
office
WILLIAM
for
were
windows,
Judge
dows,
That
cards.
body,
give me Old Coke
took
from
gentleman
of
they
I
disipa-
3.
a
circumstances
Collegians,
v
The
Williamsburg,
consequence
fought...
since
however
respectable
and
COLLEGE PAPERS,
there,
education education
The
by
this
college,
clipping
April
learn
of
member
The
This you may
is now exchanging Mint Julip in
and
of the day, & Wine at dinner
contemperaries,
the morning,
Gin Twist in the middle
of
with the accompanyment
at night,
sider
is
1802.
now dwindled
depart.
preparing
that
of your day.
impossibility.
an
of
has
75)
formerly
to
are
exceeds
prevails,
as
revelry
of
number
many
sixty,
at
regard
perhaps
the
means
about
21,
respecting
the
College
of
William
and
Mary...
they contained
the following errors:
1.
Instead
of
the
College
with its usual regularity
being
completely
15,
1802.
From
up,
it is proceeding
the
riot. .. not more
in every department;
2.
Instear' e all i, he students
being
than 5 or 6 out of 72 were concerned. ...
April
broken
concerned
An inhabitant of Williamsburg.
the Virginia
Argus,
Wednesday
in
May 5,
1802.]
�287.
WILLIAM &
Virginia
The
of
Extract
The
from
College,
at
number
Va.,
30,
1803.]
dated
Williamsburg,
the
during
April
Sat.
at
Gentleman
a
Ms.
14,
Folder
Richmond,
Argus,
letter
a
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
has
term,
present
April
been
19.
between
50 and 60 ...
T.
Barry,
in
student
a
Vol.
Series,
1st
QUARTERLY,
of William
Letters
his
COLLEGE
MARY
WILLIAM &
XIII,
in
to
1804,
brother.]
Williamsburgh,
Dear
112
p.
College
the
January 30,
1804.
Brother,
I arrived in Williamsburg the day after I wrote you from Richmond...
I did not find the College of William and Mary in so flourishing a condition
not more than
There
as
I anticipated.
fifty students, besides twelve
are
or
thirteen
law
February 6th,
attend
I
and
students.
Mr.
highly
:..
1804]
s
lectures
I
Madison'
gratifying.
thought
they are at once improving
Friday;
on
at
first
but
them,
attend
not
would
I
all my attention to Law,
as Natural Philosophy is a subject not so
... I imagine no person is better qualified to
immediately interesting.
lecture on Natural
Philosophy than Mr. Madison, and there is no college
give
the
4111
continent
February
that
15th,
is
College
Wren,
who
of
ties
apparatus
has not manifested
Mr.
Jefferson
but
that
which,
brick- kiln."
It
is
it
in
has
certainly
an
2nd
Series,
Letter
student
this.
of Dr.
Vol.
XI,
Lynde
B.
at William
exquisite
of
speaking
a
not
roof,
an
easily distinguishable from a brick- kiln.
IBID.,
as
on
...
that Williamsburg makes now is not very pleasing ...
Sir Christopher
but rude building.
The person,
it,
planned
pile,
extensive
large,
a
architecture.
misshapen
common
such
1804]
The appearance
The
has
taste
it
for
the
it
calls
a
beau-
" rude,
would be taken for a
elegant
structure,
but
is
...
263- 6
pp.
Oliver
of Salem to Benjamin
Crowninshield,
and Mary.]
Salem 9th May 1804.
I was much pleased to hear of your safe arrival in the hospitable &
This gene [
polite City of Williamsburgh,...
his
his urbanity
than
less distinguished
by
ease with which he illustrates
As
would
the
Reverse
ours.
Madison
Professor
him
request
This,
to
of Newton, &
I
has
repeat
believe,
the
an
the
excellent
which
had
apparatus,
made &
which you thought overturned
arose
from
the
not
the
of Philosh ...
optical
you
seems
I have witnessed
science;
obscurities
Expt
Madison]
Bishop
imperfection
I wish you
with
the
result
his theory of Col-
of your
apparatus.
...
�L
288.
Letter
from
Folder
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
WILLIAM &
122- A
Crowninshield
Benjamin
to
Ms.
Dr.
B.
L.
Oliver
at
Salem,
Mass.]
May 30-
Williamsburg
Dr
1804.
Sir,
I
As
Bishop
pleased,
The
as
the
from
much
the
of
manners
pleasing
but
College
of
advantages
attention,
this
place,
College,
the
in company with
garden,
me
in
the
yesterday walking
brought
a little
Madison,
boy
letter.
was
your
I was
extremely
as receiving a letter from home. would be sufficient to keep one here,
think,
I should
would keep one here
forever.
Folder
IBID.,
Bursar' s Accounts.
255,
of
Account
Receipts
and
1804
Expenditures -
1804
1
May
...
Jones
for
A.
W.
Green,
C.
Mercer,
Paid
8
June
"
8. 33
Rails
for
for Brick
23. 50
Shingles
Poles &
Work
to
the
Gate [
Repairs]
18. 84
1. 09
Bucket
Paid
for
"
"
John
Bowden
John
Bowden,
July
5
9
19
Augt
14
Paid
Charles
Sepr
7
Paid
Geo.
29]
John
Bowden'
a
making
Abrams
Chaplan
s
Octr
3
Ditto [ Carver
Octr
6
Ditto
Decr
4
Paid
John
for
for
Holt
a
6. 84
4. 08
c
Cart
Plank
cartg
for
Acct
p[ er]
2 Loads
45. 10
Acct
Plank
1.--
15. 63
28. 41
Repairs
in
Moran]
Bowden
Rpwland
Shingles &
for
full
for
Whitewashing &
c
for
repairs
4. 01
for
Shingles
60. 16
RECAPITULATION
a-]
Repairs
IBID.,
Folder 255
Account
do [ rent
Or
98. 64
of
Receipts &
from]
Mr
Expenditures
Bracken
for
10 March -
Brafferton
House
31
for
Dec.
1804
1804]
80. -
�289.
IBID.,
Account
of
Receipts
1805
Expenditures.. .
and
1805
Jan.
20]
Jan]
30
Jos:
[
Jno
Mar
John
paid]
Paid]
Moody [
18
F.
his
Hankins
C.
Paid
for
6. 15
Repairs
Repairs
35.-1. 00
reps timepiece
for Plank
Henderson
Wm
June
per]
for
Account
Acct
Houston
James
29]
Bowdens
for
Acct
bala
Abrahams,
2. 45
7. 88
Kitchen
his
acct
for
a
for
332. 45
repairs
000
Sept
7
for
Billy
1. 17,
work
Nov]
Mr
Dec
Paid
31
P.
for
Greenhow
J.
9
Basserer
for
for
paints
5. 62
per]
Books [
Bucket
for
75
Bill
Music
on
Well
7. 54
107. 83
4th July last
4. 00
Recapitulation
383. 88
Repairs
WILLIAIM &
MARY
Letter
of
COLLEGE
W.
1st
QUARTERLY,
Radford
to
Series,
of
Reid
Andrew
Vol.
VIII,
Lexington,
December
Williamsburg,
Dear
219
p.
Va.]
26th,
1805.
Andrew,
A
of dissipation
scene
night before
blue
at
length
commenced
at
this
The
place.
christmas
moned
has
ness
to
the
a great deal of mischief was done and we were sumWe have
The smallonly forty- five students.
is occasioned by the riots and dissipation last course.
room. ..
of the number
IBID.,
1st
Series,
Vol.
XX,
p.
19
7College Notices from the Richmond Enquirer]
An
salary
lege...
to
usher
£100
is
the
per
annum,
School
Grammar
with
in
board
William
and
a
and Ma-. ry
convenient
March
IBID.,
2nd
From
Series,
Richmond
Vol.
III,
Enquirer,
p.
Aug.
28,
College...
room
in
The
the
col-
1806
204
19,
1806.]
and Mary College,
August, 1806.
that there will be established
William
It is hereby made known
in
College
a
plain,
but
to the public
decent
table,
upon
the
lowest
terLis. ..
It is also notified that all junior students will be compelled to lodge
in
College,
to
board
at
the
public
table,
to
devote
certain
to study. ..
J.
Madison,
Pr.
stated
hours
�290.
IBID.,
Vol.
Series,
1st
J.
Edwin
Harvey
VIII,
220
p.
to Andrew Reid]
Richmond,
Oct.
30,
1806.
My dear Reid,
You will receive by the stage driver Smith' s Wealth of Nations in 2
Cavallo' s Philosophy
be procured in Richmond.
...
such as is used at Williamsburg
Volumes.
MARY
WILLIAM &
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Account
Folder
Receipts &
of
Bursar'
255,
s
cannot
Accounts
1806
Expenditures.. .
1806
20.
Jany
Paid
to the following
Semple [
James
for Posts &
Coleman
Josiah
Moody [
Viz
35. 73
50. 50
Acct
McCandlish [ per]
Anderson
Wm
for Repairs
perj
Acct
rper]
Rails
Acct
39. 88
18. 84
Accts
per]
144. 95
40
28
Jan]
"
to the following
P.
Edward
Lindsay [
for
Negro
A
Edward
1
Paid
May
31 _ "
May
5
"
July
Henderson [
Davis
Lively
John
P.
Bearer
Nov
Dec.
Tho
24
"
Edward
"
Mr
24]
for
Sands
"
do
---
Lock
for
2. 66
for Ladders
Rounds
Lauder
6. 33
Coopering --for
75
Music
on
Well &
cleaning
4
inst
4. 00
3. 00
c
Repairs
to
Organ
4.--
for. putting
up
Shelves
9. 69
Hackaday
9th
Dec]
for
Basserer
John
July] 19 "
for
per]
a
Warburton
Bearer
J.
for
3. 4. 12
12. 41
50
Account
per]
Richd
"
25. 88
15. 67
Work
Lindsay [
James
11]
Viz
Acct
do
per] ----
James
Mar
for Repairs
Denoufeville [ per]
R.
Lindsay
Geradin
for
for
Repairs
per
3. -
Accts
Books
102. 25
Recapitulation
OVO
Repairs
CABELL,
J.
Notes -
C.,
M.
209. 53
COLLECTION.
University
of Virginia
Library.
G.]
F.
Letter
from
Bishop
Madison
J.
to
Cabell]
Williamsburg,
410
The
and
of
old
library
will
make
our
infant
an
room
is
admirable
Museum). . .
now
fitted
apartment
up
for
according
an
to
extensive
Mch.
his
21,
plan
Collection
1807.
[ John
Cocke],
�1
291.
WILLIAM
AND MARY
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Accounts
of
and
Receipts
Burs:—:',
255,
leoloer
yccounts
Expenditures. . .
1807
1807
000
21]
Additional
11]
Paid
Mar
Prems
Buildings [ per]
College
on
rect
248. 50
060
Apl
Doctr
28
Aug
Septr
"
Wm
"
15
for
Bowden
Mr
Jno
Jones
Safe ----
a
Sundr
for
Miller,
for
Plk &
1
Paid
12
J.
Donaghey,
Bowden [
for
Box
Glass14.
1. 62
1
Bladder
1/ 2
15. 62 1/ 2
Account --- ---
for
1. 50
lecture
per]
frame
a
11. 66
Apparat
36. 11
Putty
Octr
5. 96
Coll:
c
for
----for
3.--
Room
000
26]
Oct.
"
Wm
for
Jones
6
"
Mrs
Decr
20
"
Wm
Decr
24
Paid
for
31]
Paid
Mr Madison
Novb
Decr
Shields
for
[
perj
Acct -------
27. 33
38. 79
Pales
Books
for
Yoke
a
Shingles
Planks &
Eggleston
Oxen &
this
8. 25
Making
Years
Table
of
Hire
Cloths
Cato
a
42. 25
Carpenter --
70.--
Recapitulation
SrRepairs
LETTER
334. 74 1/ 2
OF ELIZA
Webb
Typed
PRENTIS
letters
TO HER BROTHER
of
i-: Dept.
JOSEPH
PRENTIS
Research &
Record]
Green
I
suppose
Students.
indeed
Men
the
town,
refused
who
some
of
this,
some
time
the
ago,
dreadful
and
2
conduct
Mr
Madison'
join
to
and
in
the
s
house,
of the
suspended,
was guarded
or I am sure
Conspiracy,
9, 1808
they have
expect
militia
by those young
they would have
mischief.
WILLIAM &
Letter
Written
4110
ere
expelled
March
Williamsburg,
for their frolick,
pretty dear,
but surely they could
better.
The town was guarded several nights, and all the
out,
done
heard '
9
was
SUFFOLK
paid
nothing
were
you have
There
Hill,
AT
MARY COLLEGE PAPERS,
Folder
of Samuel Myers,
student,
from
125- A
to his Brother John Myers at Norfolk.
Williamsburg " Sunday April 10th 1808"]
I cannot but be sensibly struck with the justice and correctness of
your
Studs
observations
e
is
now
on
pretty
the
late
well
expulsion
pruned
now here are unusually
of
of
those
some
of
Students.. .
our
dissipated
characters,
orderly and attentive. ..
the
and
the
�292.
I thank you much for procuring for me Cavallo' s Philosophy
spent
I
to
the
last
in
the
course
of
the
sitting
in
this
tea,
court
the
there
were
who
now
together,
however,
time
with
s
Wirt
Mr.
evening
short
some
Henderson'
I rose
city.
him, he. ..
saluted
and
Mr.
at
evening
a
large
party,
invited
in,
who is attending
the rest of the Students
came
with
merely returned the bow to all of us
after. ..
he
and
came
up
Vol.
to
spoke
VIII,
and
me,
we had a long conference...
COLLEGE
MARY
WILLIAM &
of
Letter
Albert
1st
QUARTERLY,
Almond
Series,
Andrew
to
Reid,
Jr.
122
p.
]
Williamsburg, April 15, 1808.
With respect to the riot which has taken place at college it is my
the
opinion
President
threatened
who
the
Before
it has been
WILLIAM &
The
for two
and
Folder
Letter
from
on
The
cause
reverned
and
of
this
the
Bishop
was
a
Princeton...
125A,
Folder
his
a
the
many
brother
student
amounted
to 60 but since
17th;
Ms.
started
John,
at
on
Wed.
college.]
there are now here about Forty five
but as they continue to flock in
scholars,
the
beginning
seventy Students...
107,
The
.. .
destroyed,
. ..
to
is
as
after
shall have about
IBID.,
50.
Myers
commenced
months
is
the number of students
Samuel
perhaps
happened.
windows.
PAPERS,
Samuel
1808.
course
property
of his
dismissed
to
COLLEGE
ever
college
breaking
expulsion,
from
that
thing
the
been
diminished
26,
Students,
the
had
MARY
Letter
Oct.
insulted...
with
man,
young
despicable
most
is
of
the
it is
course,
conjectured
we
Ms.
from James
Madison
to
St.
George
Oct.
Tucker.
31,
1808]
My dear Sir,
It has never been our Custom to find a Bed for any Youth living with
us
but I thought it adviseable,
particularly,
Sandy had lodged with Albert;
has
not
as Albert
that
yet got entirely free from a Kind of Testian [?],
I have purchased one,
with all the
should have a separate Bed.
Sandy
immIE procured,
When
except
Furniture,
necessary
for
sufficient
additional
Pair
of
Sheets,
which
Reflection,
to
Sandy
that
it
to
get
would
a
be
Bed
sent
for himself,
to
Yr
him
from
I
Sandy was always
Bed
in
another
entreated
Room
Friend,
to take
whenever
Albert
was
unwell.
supposed,
Norfolk.
J Madison
a
shall
be
30$ , & paid the Amount.
recommended
I
an
without
�293.
IBID.,
Folder
Bursar' s
255,
of
Account
410
Accounts
1808
Expenditures..
and
Receipts
1808
Paid]
28]
May
"
John
Houston,
Benjn
Septr
W.
Mahon
21.--
Clock
repairing
Shingles
44. 84
Plank
11. 63
1
for
Harwood
16. 67
Posts
for
John
Hockaday
for
John
Donaghey
for
Glass '' 16.
Box
Putty
Dec
31]
Paid
Mr
Madison,
for
Hire
this
Year,
Bladder
1.
50 -
for
17. 50
Cato
Carpenter
a
40.--
Recapitulation
163. 78
Repairs -060
FROM
LETTER
SAMUEL
TYLER,
SAMUEL
to
Williamsburg,
GREENHOW,
Richmond.
Photostat Colonial Williamsburg]
Wmsburg April 8th 1809
Dear
Sir
I will
of
professors
danger
it
show your letter or at least a portion of it to the
Wm &
Mary; I think with you that the house is in constant
touch
was
and
with
go
it
but
a
few month'
s
since.
If
the
Society should not think them selves authorised to apply the funds of
College to the purchase of an engine and buckets it might be a question
whether your Society had not better furnish them.
WILLIAM &
M. RY
COLLEGE
from
Letter
PAPERS,
Littleton
Folder 125- A
Tazewell,
Williamsburg,
to
Samuel
Myers
in
Richmond]
15 Novr 1809 Wmsbg
At
College
IBID.,
Folder
there
are
between
Bursar'
255,
Account
s
50 &
60 Students...
Accounts
of
Receipts
and
Expenditures .. .
1809
1809
Jan
12
Paid
Lucy Gamble
Hockaday
J.
Feby
10
"
Edwd
12
Paid
G.
Lindsay
for
cart
of
Shingles
for Plank
putting
3. 36
4. 79.
up
Ladders
1. 50
040
Octr
Ratcliff
Wheel
Wright
5. 37 1/ 2
�294.
21
Dec]
Dec
31]
"
Robt
Ratcliff
"
Mr Madison,
for
plaistering &
for
Hire
this
Year,
c
41. 77
-------------
for
Cato
a ----
Carpenter
40.--
Recapitulation
Repairs ----
97. 45
000
Folder
IBID.,
Bursar'
255,
Account
s
of
Accounts
Receipts
Expenditures. ..
and
1810
1810
Jan
25]
"
10
Feby
Oct
"
Mathl
Dietz. ---------- ------
25.--
Box IVinerals --- -
30. 34
for
1
Box
Glass ---------
16. 20
"
Wm
30]
Dec
s
a
10
"
George
Novr
Hutton'
for
Paid
31]
for
paid]
[
for
Hankins
Lang
Timber [
for
per]
1/ 2 Dozn
Account
40. 51
Chairs
9.--
Recapitulation
238. 76
Repairs
J.
Morse
THE
AMERICAN
The
tion
GAZETTEER,
buildings
of
WILLIAiM
AND
are
100
perhaps
MARY
pub.
July 1810
brick,
of
sufficient
students,
COLLEGE
Account
an
indifferent
accomoda-
but there are not generally more than 40...
PAPERS,
of
for
Folder
Receipts
255,
and
Bursar'
s
Accounts
Expenditures. . . 1811
1811
Feb.
25]
"
Max]
15
"
Richd
"
for Mammoth
July]
10
Aug 9
Nov.
[
for
12
"
for
pd]
a
Filis
Settee
for
Plank
Bones --
Posts
Repiton
for
10--
13 83
1. 50
2. 17
Paints & c
10.-
�295.
ZNo2
Dec
15
Robert
"
Russell
2.--
Well
cleaning
Room
F.
Henley,
for
Lecture
for
37.--
Library
for
Blackburn
Mr
Stove
Books
297 "
53. 75
12 --
Clocks
repairing
Recapitulation
289. 14
Repairs
Setter
Folder
Ms.
14,
Richmond
25
N. CJ
Warrenton,
Mordecai,
Ellen
Miss
to
Mordecai
Samuel
from
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
AND
WILLIAM
May 1812
The College buildings fare better 2Than the Capitoi7 but if not
will
it
reorganized
twenty students in it...
Kennon requested
Mrs.
College
the
from
There are not more than
college -
a
one of the Students
for
museum
be
to
cease
soon
to steal a piece of asbestos
I am entrusted
you - -
with the delivery
of it.. .
41106
fetter
of
XXXIV,
p.
123
Kennon to Samuel Mordecai
B.
Elizabeth
Vol.
BIOGRAPHY,
HISTORY &
OF
MAGAZINE
VIRGINIA
Williamsburg
June 4th 1812
I suppose you have seen the death of Grory Page in the papers...
browned
up
while
the
under
degrees,
their
place
and
students
his
deposited
there;
their
deliver
the
where
they had the pavement taken
Mary Colleg/ ...
and
William
at
body
it
is
and
orations,
said
he was
receive
extremely
he was striving to get a degree the next time they were distributed;
clever,
and there is no doubt but it would have been conferred on him at the
age
of
sixteen;
instance
and
in William
WILLIAM AND
MARY
have
would
it
and
of
Mary
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Account
1812
Paid
)
Jany
8)
fieb
2.a/
John
James
Apl
1.
Joab
frlugt 1j/
Benjm
"
oc/
Wm Vass
22
for
Mills
for
for
Repairs
s
a
first
1812
171. 41
15. 24
4. 25
Shingles
1st
a
Stove
Math :
the
Accounts
Expenditures ...
Vol :
Endy
Encyclopedia
Pipe
s
account
4.-3. 33
29. 08
3.--
Board
Recapitulation
IIIP.
informed,
Plank
Blacksmith'
Powell,
for
been
being thus honoured; ...
Bursar'
255,
Receipts &
for
Webster
LMar 22/
have
young,
Bill
Ellis
Coke
so
Folder
of
to Brafferton
Richard
I
been,
one
226. 88
�296.
TUCKER
MSS.
On deposit
Setter
Colonial
Tucker
George
St.
of
Williamsburg
Robert
to
Archives
at Law,
Attorney
Wash,
Warminster,
Octo :
2d
St.
Louis.
1812.
you may perhaps not even yet have heard of the death of our excellent
the Bishop TMadiso.
W, early in March; followed by Chancellor Tyler
friend
a
fortnight
the
to
successor
chosen
and
after,
by Mr Russel in about
Bishop, as president
annext)
within an hour after
professorship
been committed to a vault in the Northwest
Bracken
had,
not
respectable
Chappel
to
the
discontinued
been
College (
Bracken
was
without
any
the good Bishops remains had
corner
Chappel.
the
of
of Frederic
was
Campbell
in his
chosen
whom
To
M.
room; ...
you knew) a very
return to the
It is proposed by the Society to place a monumental
College...
the
Gentleman
young
Mr
the
of
resigned his place as Master of the grammar
before,
long
Mr Campbell ( Brother
school, &
month.
a
memory of the
and Mr Campbell
is
now
tablet in
The grammar school has
good Bishop...
of Mathematics,
professor
Mr Blackburn who has removed to the College in South Carolina.
vice,
...
THE ENQUIRER
Virginia,
Richmond,
March
Friday,
Mary College deeply impressed with a sense
William &
We
the
Students
of
our
loss
in
in
this
college...
Law
of
1813
19,
the
of
death
the
Hon.
late
professor of
Nelson,
Judge
that the students in procession attend his remains from his
Resolved...
late residence to the chapel the place of interment
4110
MARY
WILLIAM &
faculty
State
QUARTERLY,
COLLEGE
Minutes,
From
1813.
7,
July
Vol.
Series,
2nd
Ms.
VIII,
J.
R.
of
p.
247
Morrison in Virginia
Library)
The Society took into consideration the general conduct of the students
during
last
the
manifested
course,
during
the
and also the proficiency which they respectively
the public examinations having been interrupted
same;
by the occupancy of the College as Barracks for the Militia.
G.
Lyon
Tyler
LETTERS
THE
Mr.
THE
1884,
TYLERS,
2 Vols.,
I,
278- 279
Vol.
p.
The
at
stairs
in
the
Williamsburg...
College building,
how,
on
one
occasion,
glee
militia
groundless
to
OF
Loh0 Tyler' s company served with the Fifty- second Regiment of
Virginia
up-
TIMES
Virginia,
Richmond,
21:812
AND
get
dark,
ground
out,
rumor
that
at
British
that
the
men,
officers
and
night,
and
company,
Mr.
Tyler
the
were
all,
whole
entering
while
used
company,
the
Williamsburg, slept
to tell with great
alarmed by a
at
town,
made
such
haste
not able to see their way in the
stumbled and rolled down the long flight of stairs leading to the
floor.
�297.
WILLIAM &
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
of
Account
Bursar'
255,
Folder
Expenditures. . .
and
Receipts
s
Accounts
1813
1813
21
Jan]
"
[
Ja
Feb.
5
Apl
for
pd]
Prentis
coal
21.
"
for
. ..
a
20.--
1
Octr
"
J.
Revd
4. 52
3. 75
for late
Prest
247. 00
Acct
pr.
10. 17
for Plank
Jones
Wm
24] "
12. 25
Blowers
Glass
panes
for monumt
Madison
Aug.
2 large
for
Coleman
77,d 20
Christie,
James
12.--
Encyclo
Brewsters
cow
paid
Postages
Paid
Volumes
3 half
for
Wilson
a
of
pair
120.--
Globes
I
which
old
the
by
that
alas,
the
want
the
WILLIAM
of
prosperity
lies
body
of
days;
rule;
and
but
bend my course
now
that
of
to that
Republican
College
the
was
his
chief
care;
then
it
and turned out the greatest men our country ever produced. ..
flourished;
his
few
a
Royal
1814
but where now scarcely a student can be seen gliding
which heretofore rung with the voices of the scholars;
when Botetourt was our
...
is that once proud edifice.
fallen
how
10th
Dominion;
building,
Governor
Jany.
170- 5
pp.
in
city
seat
the
1928),
where learning of old reigned supreme over all other Seminaries
hospitality;
in
this
once
was
Kennon
B.
E.
leave
to
expect
town,
Mrs.
of
Letter
HISTORY &
XXXVI, (
BIOGRAPHY, Vol.
to Rachel Mordecai]
Richmond.
OF
MAGAZINE
VIRGINIA
AND
the
under
spark
which
COLLEGE
MARY
him.
of
graces
the
yard;
but they
.. .
Folder
PAPERS,
Account
Statue
his
and
Chapel,
animated
255,
and
Receipts
Bursar'
s
Accounts
Expenditures. ..
1814
1814
0 .
6
Jan]
16
Feb
4]
Feb
" [
25]
"
April]
Rodwell
Wm
"
"
Jas
pd]
M.
Benjn
Jno
WEbster
for
Dilk
for
2
Ehcyclop
s
acct
Blacksmith
Powell,
Jas
Wm
James for Gard Pales
for Quick Silver
Rodwell
May
5]
"
for
Webster
Graves
for
Dilk
4th
Vol:
3. 84 1/ 2
6. 67
4. 50
of
plank
for
8.
3. 42
Dufort
May 5
dia
16.
Rails
Blacksmith'
Moody,
of
Vol:
Rails
Enclya
8.-1. 12
1/ 2
1. 25
Jno James for Rails 3. 33 • ••
I
�298.
for mending
June
2]
"
June
29]
"
June
29]
"
James
for
Well
Lemons
making
for
Ja.s Webster
18
Augt
Cloths
for
ditto
"
Greenhow
[ Pd
J.
Dr.
Mason
6
Novbr
O
R.
A.
12.--
Enclya
Putty
Smith]
144. 74
Locks &
a
Stove
bought
69. 50
84
him
for
painting
for
Travis
B.
3.---
Vol:
Glass &
by
George
14.--
Pales
half
3
Geo:
18]
Aug
for
Henderson
1. 06
Bucket
Glass &
-freight
46. 50
60
6]
Nov
James
Scalion
Wm Pearman,
P.
R.
Nails
for
for
Denoufeville
for
Deverger
Peter
provisions & Cloth --
Mary
Folder
for
Brafferton,
from
following
William &
attention
of
our
Legislature...
the
war
believing
cause
of
the
10.--
from Mr Nelson --
100.--
of
habits
at
are
we
state
Williamsburg,
the
22,
the
the
I must,
in which
in
Nov.
from
College
Mary
depressed
present
Houses
Boarding
dissipated
Cloths ---
Servts
reed
extracted
remarks
of
the
45. 84
Courier.
Petersburg
President
in
16. 52 1/ 2
Cloth
14
Clipping
The
for making
Rent
31
IBID.,
for
Sweeney
30. 87 1/ 2
15. 32 1/ 2
c
Blankets & c
Wm Patterson
Decr
25. 50
Clocks &
repairing
of Doctor
address
Commencement...
however,
engaged
of
1814]
to
the
differ
be "
with
from
the
the
the
Doctor
the most prominent
College."
together
Smith,
deserve
the
The
expenses
luxurious
of
and
will ever prevent that seminary from
place,
flourishing...
THE ENQUIRER
Richmond,
Virginia,
November
24,
We
requested
to
that
are
Philadelphia
to
the
young
are
his
articles
Students
elsewhere
Professor
of
state
Chemical
at
and
the
already
in this respect
to
be
Law
met
with.
1814
Mr.
Jones
Philosophical
College,
equal,
has
presents
if not
brought
Apparatus,
on from
which
advantages
superior,
to
in addition
to
those
the
which
We hail these improvements with delight. ..
�299.
Part
of Pres.
Smith'
from
that
the
1782
the
period
four
but
year
average
speech].. .
s
to
number
the
of
I have it from the best authority,
present time, being 32 years, during whihh
Students
were
60,
about
there
have
been
and two only of these were from the complaints peculiar
deaths,
to this lower country. ..
MARY
WILLIAM: &
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Folder
255
Dr
Repairs
1814
To
cash
Augt
To
Do
pd
pd
G.
for
locks &
George
6
Nov.
Robt
Mason
B.
James
for
Greenhow
c
for
Painting
for
Travis
for
46. 50
Glass
window
for
Scallio [ Scalion]
Wm Pearman
144. 74
69. 50
84
Glass & Putty
stove
25. 50
Nails
Clocks
repairing
30. 87
19
317. 95
WILLIAM &
MARY
COLLEGE
From manuscript
R.
J.
Series,
2nd
QUARTERLY,
by
Morrison,
in
Vol.
Va.
VIII,
p.
1
248
State Library.]
1815.
Memo:
down
the
on
WILLIAM &
The Dial post
15th day of
MARY
the
By
Folder
4 July 1815.
of
establishment
appiratus. . .
of the President'
1815.
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
of Visitors,
Meeting
adequate
in front
April,
new
a
and
chemical
J.
A.
s House was put
S. "
49
Part of an address
chair,
important
ordered
and the purchase
sources
of
knowledge
published.]
of an
have
been
opened. . .
440
ILIL ,
Folders
Letter
Papers,
from
122- 2;
Wm.
University
W.
of
123- 2,
Donaghe
Va.
2nd
to
Arr.
Not
Archibald
catalogued.
Stuart,
Library.]
Williamsburgh
we
myself
4110
have
Lodge
upwards
in
one
of
room.
Stuart- Baldwin
sixty
Students
Mr.
Decr 18th 1815
Coleman.. .
we study altogether
Jefferson
in our rooms. . .
and
�
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ddfcfd8a74bced2966357cf16dbe72e4
PDF Text
Text
300.
Bursar'
255,
Folder
IBID.,
of
Account
411,
s Accounts
and
Receipts
Expenditures...
1815
1815
Jan
26]
Jan
26]
pd]
Smith
Doctr
for
of
transportation
for
May]
So much
for
for
pd
Chemical
Hinges &
fm
Appar
33. 81 1/ 2
c --------
156. 40
Pha
2 Demijohns
5.--
SO
June
Paid
10
for
Bearer
June
for
Bearer
10]
Paid
Doctr
Paid
July]
Sepr
Bearer
Work
done
Travis
Sam
Captn
to
Work
done
P.
Ths
Oil &
purchase
at
College
at
Chemical
for
Jones,
5.--
College
to
150.--
paint
Coll [
3. 50
sic]
Apps [ per]
Acct
Well
for cleaning
1225. 87
3. 56
16.--
for Painting
Sept]
Geo:
Sept]
Ann Ratcliff on acct building kitchen to Prest
Mason
200.--
hse
Dec
110-
100.--
from Mr Nelson
Recd
Rent for Brafferton
31]
IBID.
REPAIRS ...
1815
6
Jany
Cash
To
Ro.
Jno
pd
Cash
paid
Roscow
Robt
Jno
b.
A.
for
Semi
P
Wm
Glass
Deneufville
Nails
Putty
for
for
4. 75
95. 38
33. 81 1/ 2
71. 48 1/ 2
Glass
Locks
Hinges &
c
10.
Mc -------
5
2. 75
Nails
5. 0
Painting
Travis
for
oil
Graves
per
150. 0
acct
in
Work
for
Roscow
Cole
Bearer
for
George
Mason for
Ann
pr Acct
Acct
pr
Work
for freight
Travis
Bearer
Oct
for
Hinges
for
Cole
George Mason
June
Bowden
Bricklayer
Ratcliffe
and
746. 36
3. 50
145. 82
College
Hinges
for
paint
Oil
Whitelead
3. 56
work
Ratcliffe
on
16.
Paints.
acct
of
building
a
0
200.--
Kitchen
1488. 47
Diary
Wm &
June
they
126- B.
Folder
IBID
of Powhatan
Mary
Ms.
Robertson,
Quarterly,
15] ...
serenaded
A
2nd
serenading
the
Chanel &
student.
Series,
party Ma - -
Vol.
May- July, 1816] (
67)
p.
Also
in
XI,
I joined them in the College yard where
A
�Col►2. e. a
d
�301.
16
Sunday- ...
till
411
I came
to my room immediately
after
breakfast
July]
4th . . .We
not
to
we
sleep -
at
moment
a
stop
Raleigh -
the
in
repose
Old
the
leave - &
take
again
for
College
a
the
which
in
room
to
staid
row
most
I had
of most
there
to bed but
I
could
a sigh of regret -
a window to the south opened in
many hours ...
trees - whose shade & beauty always
called forth
spent
elegant
so
Elm
ideas -
pleasurable
retire
hour & depart ...
an
not shut the door of my room for the last time without
a
and
2...
the
on
opened
it
east
to
College
the
yard -
the
a
more beautiful view it could not well present-
THE
AMERICAN
BEACON
August
Norfolk,
1816
2,
WILLIAM &
absolute
Two
correctness
70 young
of
wards
years
MARY
of demeanour
Virginians,
have
only
COLLEGE
56of
elapsed
could
scarcely
whom were
its
since
re-
be expected
members
among up-
of
the Freshman Class.
organization,
and the Univer-
sity already flourishes beyond all expectation...
WILLIAM
AND
COLLEGE
MARY
PAPERS,
Folder
Bursar'
255,
of Receipts
Account
and
s Accounts
1816
Expenditures...
1816
18
Jane
Jan
Paid
18]
"
Jas
for
Webster
Anne Ratcliff
1/ 2
Vol:
in full
Encyclopedia
for building
4.--
a kitchen
Prest
Feb
i]
for
Admr
April
8]
"
Mr
April
8]
"
Doctr
April
20]
Paid
Brick
Campbell
Work &
a
for
Wood
John
Pearman
on
Geo:
B.
for
for
2 Bladders
32
July 1]
"
1]
"
Hill
Doctr
Gals
26. 12 1/ 2
c
6
Putty
25.-for
bot
acct
Linseed
Jones,
of
Kegs
18D
Oil
built
Chimney
Lead
white
a
a $
Garden
Lemon,
12
Roscoe
Wm P.
J.
Oct]
11,
Oct
25
25]
Cole
Graves
Pritchen
15
50
120.--
5
30.--
1/ 2/
1. 35 [ per]
c
2. 25
43. 2G
Gal
for iron mongery for his lectures
for
Nails
for
1
for
rec' d] J.
Cole
" [
G Lang
"
"
c
[
per]
timber & Work [ per]
1/ 2 dozl locks
for
for
Glass &
4 Boxes Window
Self & for
G.
to
Norfolk
and
from
2
119. 74 1/ 2
118. 43
bill
accts
acct
1057. 90
11. 25
Glass
B.
freight
Philadelphia
hud [?] &
him
by
a $
per
July
122. 06
Stove
for
Smith
to
House
Hill
of
34. 00
for
Stone/
thence
to
tthS
ro
this
place
77. 10
J
�302.
rOct
2,
from
Sundt' fees
Ths Dobson
Reed
Paid
pqa
2—
to William
of
Pill
North
of Pha for
hi• Dec/
for
Hall
M
bot
Stone
Presidents
12
400.
library
Books
acct
on
the
Frederick
for
Students
of
him --
Steps
1500 --
for
350.--
Shingles
3 feet
House
240.--
Remitted Thos Dobson of Pila on acct Books bot
of him
37
Dec
Rent
for
Brafferton
from
reed
Mr
500 -100 --
Nelson
Recapitulation
Expenditures
Income
FROM
Translated
LETTER
this
me
to
the
The
which
is
collegial
another
these
with
a figure
of
The
I
tenants
The
to
1816) ,
brought
letters
is
were
Library
so
not
a
house,
worth
pages 124 126.
I
fine
honour
statue
at
led
in
Norfolk,
are
in
yard
a large
front,
house
called
...
appropriated
on either
side of
large,
of
the
for the use of the professors.
I was pleased,
centre
of the yard,
which is
a
description.
...
thro'
the different private rooms,
forbidding, that I didn' t wonder the
home.
The public rooms are not much better.
about 3000 volumes tolerably well chosen;
now
dark
contains
find,
as
nearly
the
from
a walk to the College.
handsome
Botetourt.
Professor
found
I
buildings,
with
the
Lord
whom
and proposed
morning,
however,
which
Baltimore:
publisher,
C---,
students,
of
None
French)
XV
Professor
on
2000.--
VIRGINIA*
from
Lucas,
Fielding
2242. 14 1/ 2
Library ----
LETTERS
Repairs ----
400.--
Library
and
me
�302—
a
but
it very
deficient
are
in
modern
and
numerous,
particularly
soiled.
I noticed
The works on Divinity
being very little
authors.
in
good
order,
with great pleasure a donation of many
History, presented
chiefly Natural
XVI.
is quite an ordinary
The Chapel
volumes,'
by our unfortunate
Louis
mom,
none
the
better for the many strange hieroglyphics
drawn upon the walls.
It
slab
contains,
late
the
large
botanical
well
stocked
curious,
tTadisgn/
in
garden
with
which
things,
other
among
President
of
the
the
College.
of
rear
and other
cabbages,
the
a marble
Professors
no
the
There
buildings,
plants
doubt
inscribed
...
find
to
is
a
apparently
equally rare and
useful
upon
occasion.
Attributed
Elkanah
MEN
Ed.
be
Maxwell
and
George
by
to
J.
Tucker,
K.
and
Paulding,
not
as
a
See catalog card.)
(
Watson
AND
TIMES
OF
Winslow
by
W.
to
said
also
translation.
to
variously
translators;
THE
C.
REVOLUTION;
Watson,
New York,
OR MEMOIRS OF ELKANAH WATSON
1816, p. 257.
1816/
n
On
river,
by
at
William
and
the
a
not
this,
for
the
but
Watson
Mecklenburgh
could
an
savage
and
perfect
strolling
of
residue
speak
visits
English,
Catawbas.
Visits
chief
who
Sends for interpreter
he lithe chief dispatched a runner across the Catawba
interpreter.
an hour his cabin was thronged
College,
Mary
Indian
through
the
In about
and among them one who had been educated
a sensible and well- informed person;
warriors,
in
his
the
day.
appearance
village
with
and
habits...
In
the
educated
Indian,
this
council,
I
spend
�William. Fry
STATUTES AND CHARTER OF THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MAO03•
THE OFFICERS,
Philadelphia: 1817,
Mary
p. 55 ' Printed
Papers, Folder 4]
College
pamphlet & photostatic
copy in Wm.
Laws of William and Mary College
411
9th.
The College buildings are not to be disfaced or disfigured in any
manner
particularly
whatever,
WILLIAM &
by writing
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
of
President
Smith
Report
First
as
figures
on the walls.
57
Board
the
When
Buildings.
the
regards
Folder
to
or drawing
of
Visitors.
the President
11,
July
first
1817]
entered
on
the duties of his office there was not a single Lecture- Room properly
fitted
up in
Three
ruin.
in
for
rooms
complete
been
the
structed. &
taken
whole
of
the
be
rendered
tight
be
required
on
Chapel.
roof
The
at
the
The House
Kitchen
has
the
a Chemical Laboratory has been con-
College
but Mr.
leaks
of
repaired
Gave
very/ D !
with
is
the
exception
confident
ts.
it
can
now
Some shingling will
The Brafferton is nearly unhabitable but
most of the materials are procured for giving
expence
North
a
side.
by the Prest will not require
some
been
of
yet
the
occupied
though
sum
rebuilt,
down &
interior
are making &
preparations
that a thorough
repair.
large
the whole establishment was tending rapidly to
one for the apparatus have now been put
Lectures &
a very large stack of chimnies the base of which was
order,
have
rotten
College &
the
to
reparations
built,
it
are
the expenditure
On
necessary.
the old one being thought
that
too rotten
of a
lot
a new
to be put in
order.
the
For
last
the
year
have
repairs
been
immensely
In
costly.
consequence
of the demand for materials in Petersburg Richmond and Washington they rose
20 or 30 per Ct ...
required & this item
Many
for
are
the
now
on
last
hand.
year
Little
more masonry
to $ 600 &
amounted
will be
upwards
so
that
the repairs for the year commencing the 5th Inst will not cost as much by
1000
or
1200$
as
a comparatively
order
IBID.,
The
Folder
Statutes
Be
it
moderate
which
after
suffice.
sum
the
ordained
be and they are hereby
last
expense
annual
an
for
paid
49, Ms.
concerning
further
of
those
equal
the whole
expenditure
is $
repairs
fees
that
In two years more & at
period.
will it is expected be put into
of 2
300 $
or
5619. 35
for use of library
the
President &
authorized
will
it
is
imagined
...
15 July 1817]
masters
or Professors
shall
to receive
Such Fees from the Students for the use of the Library as will not only
to
the
College,
for
the
library
afford
Books
the
Books,
but also
Interest on the principal
and
incidental
to reimburse
the
charges
of
College
expended in purchasing
for
purchasing &
preserving
the deterioration
of the
Books.
410
next piece of paper]
Whereas it appears to the convocation
of
that during
the last course of the
Mary a fee of five dollars was required of each of
the Students of the same for the use of the Library of the said College
College
which
fees
benefit
of
the
William &
amounting
the
to _ he
College, &
demanding &
sum
of $ 500
has
been
applied
to
the
use &
that there is no Statute in force authorizing
receiving
of
such
fees - - -
�304.
IBID.,
411/
Folder 49.
Meeting of Visitors,
that this
Resolved,
3.
15 July 1817.
convocation
Resolutions
passed.]
does not approve
of the extraordinary
Expenses which have been incurred by the Prest for repairs not absolutely
Folder
IBID.,
been
have
to
necessary
made.
of Receipts
Account
Jan]
" [
Pearman
John
pd]
A.
John
James Webster
"
Jno
acct
on
Denerfville
"
Jan]
to
Bursar' s Accounts
255,
1817
disagrd
—
for
Expenditures...
and
of
1817
120.--
Chimney
8. 75
Nails & c
16.--
for Encyclopedia
000
Jan]
Jan]
Mar
Robert
"
12
Apr
Recd
1]
" [
for
Robinson
cleaning College
Students
for library
from
James
Teagle,
Jno
June]
"
Pearman,
for
For
"
1
Ths
" [
July]
" [ pd]
Novbr
Dec
"
31]
"
Rent
of
Encyclopidia
Bricklaying &
c [
Books,
d]
for
Repiton
Books
Sold
freight
in
Bot
the
for
per]
acct
938. 53 1/ 2
Course
35. 15 1/ 2
Shingles
Ratcliff for hooping Boiler
John Pearman for plaistering [ per]
reed
Brafferton,
from
362. 50
32. 00
797. 40
of him
1. 58
G.
for
8.-6.--
painting
for
of Pha
J.
rec'
3.
60.--
Sett of Books
Dobson
July]
2 Numbers
for
Webster
for
Edwd
May
4.--
Russell,
fees
pd]
Book
a
53. 06
Acct
Mr Nelson
100 --
Recapitulations
Expenditures
Income
Repairs
Library
IBID.,
Cash
4111
Folder
Account
1863. 06
1008. 40
1038. 53 1/ 2
Library ---
255
from
Jany
1,
1817...
Cr
Contra
1817 ...
Jany
John
Pearman
on
Acct
of
Chimney
120. 0
�305.
John
A.
Webster
for
4 Vol:
Robinson
for
a
James
John
Robert
Apr.
Nails &
for
Deneufville
for
Russell
c
per
8. 75
acct
16. 0
Encycloa
4. 0
Book
3. 0
Well
a
cleaning
...
Dobson
Thos.
remitted
to him on acct of Books purchased
900.-
Webster
James
June
for
8. 0
Encycloa
2 Vol
for
Teagle
Edward
the ---- [
painting
table
approximately
Cash Account
account
same
another
on
barn?]
6. 0
College
in
the
or
sheet]
1817
Credit
1817
John
A.
"
June
of
120. 00
Chimney
8. 75
per Acct
Nails
16. 00
for Encyclopedia
a
67. 25
Book
for
for cleaning
Encyla
4. 00
Library
3. 00
Well
8. 00
6. 00
for
Teagle
Pearman
Jno
Acct
acct.
per
2 No
for
Edward
"
for
on
Webster
for
Russell
Robert
James
May
Cole
Robinson
John
Apr
James
pd
Roscow
paid
Pearman
Deneufville
Expenses
Feby "
Jno
pd.
Expense
By
Jany
Painting
Bricklayg pr
for
362. 50
acct
...
Library
do paid
paid]
for
Book
for
Books
remitted
freight
Mr.
to
5.37. 00
Dobson
Thos.
on
acct.
Books
797. 40
July...
Roscow
Nov.
Cole
for
paid]
Josh
Repiton
Gideon
"
Ratcliff
John
Pearman
Folder
IBID.,
Nails,
for
Glass, &
for ----[?]
24. 30
c
of
Shingles &
35. 15
c
1. 58
Hooping boiler
laistering & c
for
t'
53. 06
255,
REPAIRS
1817
. ..
To
Cash
Mr.
A.
Cole
Roscow
F.
411,
pd
Mr.
for
Teterel &
Jno
Pearman
Deneufville
Pearman
do. $ 150
for
Hinges &
Co.
for
on
acct
nails
120.
0
8. 75
c
26. 50
Nails & c
49. 23
on
Acct.
60.
20 &
30
200.--
Edwd
Teagle
for
Wm P
Graves
in
painting
part
table [ barn?]
0
6.-1100.
0
1570. 28
1/ 2
�306.
in
$ 317. 95 1/ 2
1814
1815
1488. 47
1816
2949. 64 1/ 2
1817
1570, 28
Dear
I
not
as
Accts
have
come
you the Account of repairs
in full & have not the amot.
paid
some
are
I believe
others,
as
Folder
Report
of
think
sed
have
the $
rent
expenses
BOOK
OF
by the sale
of the year...
PROCEEDINGS
THE
OF
of
THE
to
examine
expended
been
cf
College
the
the
Graves'
is
it
Acct.
s
I
between $ 12 &
have
1300$.
to come in of no great amount
Yours very respectfully
Committee
College...
Library
110
3000
sum $
in
1830],
paid
Coleman
Ms.
52,
of Visitors'
this
Mr
above.
I
Wm
IBID.,
in &
Sir
send
There
far
as
to
in
this
WILLIAM
AND
for the permanent
937. 83 has been reimbur-
sale &
Books $
Students &
OF
SOCIETY
for
Books
expended
3000
Books
in
bursar' s accounts]
sum expended in the cur-
MARY
COLLEGE [
1817-
30
p.
At a Meeting of the Society 20th Jany 1818.
The College gates having been pulled down and one of them: broken on the
Night
of
the
18th
Inst
--
Resolved that the President be authorized to take such Steps as may
be deemed necessary for the Detection of the Offenders.
IBID.,
At
a
Letter
and
16- 18
pp.
Ms.
Faculty
Meeting
Minutes
of
the
July
Society
from
Wm R.
Allison
of
Judge
Semple
gate
the
duties
would
1817-
28th
January
Feb:
who had been
while
I looked upon the Period
College
12,
be
Ball;
suspended
intoxicated
between
resumed,
12,
on
the
for breaking
Feb.
examination
in
1830.]
1818.
same
22,
and the first
Light
windows
1818]
with
Lecture
when
the Nights
Night?
and surely you would not punish one for Intoxication on that
Not that Intoxication is proper or right on that occasion but
because
it
of
the
is
to
be
expected.
�307.
IBID.,
25
p.
Ms.
Minutes
Faculty
July
1817- January
12,
1830.]
12,
At a Meeting of the Society 14th March 1818.
The following request on behalf of the Citizens was laid by the President before
the Society.
Gentlemen
On
and
Pr.
a
Ball
of
behalf
of
be
Citizens
of
this
we
Place,
request
of
the
Mary that the Students may be permitted to attend
Win &
to
Facultyproposed
the
given
the
on
17th
An
answer
is
requested
this
Evening as an opportunity now offers to Richmond.
With
Respect
we
Yr
remain
obt
Servts
The Managers
Whereupon
Resolved
present
under
the
that
inform
President
the
Managers,
that
it
is
not,
expedient for the Society to grant their re-
circumstances,
quest.
J.
WILLIAM &
MARY
COLLEGE
of
President
Mary
College
Report
Wm and
In
obedience
to
the
PAPERS,
Smith
Folder
the
to
Smith
Aug.
Prest
57.
Board
of
July 4,
Visitors.
1818]
July 4th 1818
Resolution
of
the
Visitors
the
President
has
to
report
That the interior of the College Building has been repaired with the
exception of the Chapel which it is expected will be fitted up in the
of the next summer.
When that & the garden are put in order the
course
annual expense of repairs will be diminished although much is yet to be
done
the
to
Brafferton &
the
Prest
resides.
something is required to the house in which
The roof of the College is as tight as roofs usually
are.
With regard to the Students out of upwards of 90 one only has been
sent home for an act malum in se.
...
J.
IBID.,
Folder
Meeting
Resolved
49,
Aug:
Smith
Ms.
of Visitors]
that
the
Bursar
of
this
College
pay
to
Dr Hare $ 700
for the
Chemical apparatus he brought on with him and to reimburse him for the
employment
of an assistant
apparatus &
c.
who
has
been
engaged
in the
repairs
of
the
�308.
IBID.,
Folder
1818
4110
Bursar'
255,
of Receipts &
Account
10]
Jan
Remitted
Feb]
Dobson
Ths
Mr
pd]
Cole
1818
Expenditures ...
Pha
for
for
Corbin
Jesse
May]
s Accounts
acct
on
of
Books
500 —
40 ---
Bricks
for
13 50
Books
400
June]
Wm
Pearman
June]
Mr
Weems
for
AS
Engraving
ep ]
Novbr
Chambers
for
a
for
5. 50
Clock
10.--
Map
for
Plate
Nails,
Books
of
cleaning
95. 61 1/ 2
Diplomas
2. 83
Locks
Glass,
White
Lead &
161. 94 1/ 2
c
302. 55
Sold
Dec
31]
Recd
for
Dec
31]
Rent
for Brafferton,
reed
from
150.--
Mr Nelson
Recapitulation
Expenditures
Income
Repairs ----
1501. 77 1/ 2
707. 55
Library ---
583. 50
Library ----
IBID.,
Credit
Account
Cash
1818
1818
Jany
By
May
Cash
remitted
to
Dobson
Thos
Acct
Jesse
1
June
Cole
Cask
paid
of White
Books
500. 00
July
for
Books
50 lb
13. 50
$ 8. 50
35 Galls
of
Oil $
49. 4 57. 54
for
cleaning &c
of
clock
5. 50
...
Wm P.
Augt
him
lead
...
Wm Pearman
Graves
per Acct
1173. 01
...
paid
James
G B Hill
Hay
for
for
nails
glass &
101. 94 1/ 2
c
22. 87 1/ 2
Blacksmith Acct
Deduct
4110
of
..
on
paid
for
Books - - - -
500 ...
�309.
Folder
IBID.,
In
the
in
Accounts
1816.
Bursar' s
255
are
for
Accounts
included
Books
bought
2000 —
1817.
"
--
ditto
958. 40
1818.
"
--
ditto
583. 50
3541. 90
And for Books
in
Sold
1817
1818
938. 53 1/ 2
1242. 08
Expended
IBID.,
Folder
to
of
than
received
1/ 2
57
of
Report
more
1/ 2
2299. 81
303. 55
Pres.
Smith
Board
Visitors.
That in consequence of two of the Chairs
students was diminished nearly one half ...
July 5,
1819]
being vacant
the number
As regards the Library nothing has been done the orders
for books not having been as yet executed.
of
which were
igiven
As
done
relates
except
to
the
buildings &
c nothing very material
remains
to be
repairing of the Chapel.
The greater part of the timber
this purpose has been bought & after this year an annual
the
for
necessary
of 400$
expense
will it is believed
keep the establishment
in proper
order.
BOOK OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE
1817- 1830],
At a meeting
Resolved
and
other
p.
37.
of the Society
held July 7th 1819.
that a strong Box be purchased
valuable
papers
of
the
College.
for the preservation
of the Bonds
�310.
BOOK OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE
1817- 1830],
111,
Dr Edmund
Christian,
1820
March 8 [
27
58.
p.
Bursar
Contra
By
the
of
Wm &
Mary College.
Cr
Crump for Iron chest
Wanton for conveying same from
Sum]
Joshua
"
38 --
Richmond William
Apj
1
IBID.,
"
51,
p.
At
a
of
Dr
W.
Ice Bills - for Books - - -
4
38. 85
Hennings
Jno
Aug:
Smith
held
27th
April [ 1820]
235
--
54
the
of
Meeting
the
Society
Resolved that a Room be provided with a Fire for the Accommodation
Students
between
Lectures, that Stoves of sufficient power be
for
procured
and
that
those
Lecture-
Summer,
every
Rooms
that
are
not
adequately
supplied
(
C)
the President cause a sufficient quantity of
good oak or Hickory to be stored in the Cellars of the College and secured by sufficient doors and locks. -
Resolved that the Treasurer pay to Dr Smith two hundred and thirty
five Dollars in payment for Books transferred to the College by the , said
Dr Smith.
It is to be remarked that the above Books were priced by
Mr Dobson and 1/ 3 being struck off the amt was reduced to the above
Sum including Interest as the Books had been in the use of the College
for four years.
WILLIAM
AND
A Statement
MARY
COLLEGE PAPERS,
of money
paid,
for
Folder 256,
expenses...
Bursar' s Accounts
from the first day of
July 1820 to July 1st 1821.
Do [ to this
paid]
sum
Wm P Graves
Carpenter for
repairs
acct -----
128. 50
000
Do for
a
Stove
for College
28. 30
000
Do William
H.
Do for Books
Fitzswylson
for
use
of
for
Books
10. 50
Library
8. 00
000
Do John M Pearman for
Do Thomas H. Mitchell
repairs
acct
for assisting
7. 12
in repairing...
000
Do Burr &
Ustick
for
paint &
oil &c
5. 93
000
Do
Burr &
Ustick for paint & oil
3. 75
�311.
Do Richd
4110
Do
Allen
Wortham &
for
Smiths
Cary
14. 84
for glass &
McGurder
Ditto Samuel
work
for
Books
for
33. 87
putty --------
26. 25
Library
Ditto Biography of the signers of the declaration
of Indepen-
dence
John A Deneufville
Ditto
Do William
BOOK
OF
Pearman
THE
for
3. 00
for
to
repairs
PROCEEDINGS
OF
Glass
nails &
THE
43. 05
11. 50
Clock & c
SOCIETY OF WILLIAM
AND
MARY [
1817- 30],
p.
71.
COLLEGE
At a Meeting of the Society held 30th March 1821.
Resolved that the Buildings
belonging
to this Institution
be insured
on the Town funds and not on the Country funds in the Mutual Assurance
Society
against
fire
on
Buildings
in
the
State
Virginia -
of
and that
the
Re- valuation lately made viz on the 8th day of March 1821 be perfected by
this Society -
WILLIAM
AND MARY COLLEGE PAPERS,
Folder 57.
Report of President Smith to Visitors.
July
1821.]
4,
the President is sorry to state that during the last year irregularity
confusion
have
existed
in
the
College.
...
The
Lectures
Nat:
Phily
May & those on Chemistry were interrupted for
about a fortnight...
It may be proper to add that the Lectures on Nat:
Phil1 closed perhaps for want of a class...
ceased
about
the
middle
on
of
The number of students was 45...
J.
IBID.
Folder
Meeting
Resolved
by
the
as
a
that
Aug:
Smith...
50
of
Visitors,
in
Students
addition
on
6,
to the
entering
fee -
matriculation
July
the
1821.]
fees
already
college
they
by
pay
Stat an
required to be paid
additional
fee of $ 5 -
which fees shall be exclusively applied to the
purchase of Books for the Library
IBID.,
Folder 256,
receipts,
and
Bursar' s Accounts
expenditures...
from the
second
day
of
July
1821.
to
�312.
second
of
July
1822.
inclusive
1821
10]
July
"
do [ to
this
to] William P Graves
sum
to
c
college
on acct for repairs
124. 31
1822
July
do [ this
1]
for]
sum
of Brafferton
Rent
for last
year -
100
BOOK OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE
1817- 1830],
122- 123.
pp.
At a Meeting of the Society held 31st May 1822
The President submitted the following Statement to the Society that
he was roused during the past night by the Continued and violent ringing
of the
that
College
his
on
persons whom
Umbrella)
as
strike
then
the
Bell:
upon
which,
slipping
in the large passage,
advancing
he took to be Students and one
if
to
That
strike.
they
on
his
raised
Calling - "
something (
Sir,
do
probably
an
you mean to
retreated:
that
upon
on some clothes he went over:
he discovered three or four
Some small pieces perhaps of plaister were
That the Bell still ringing the President proceeded towards
me?"
thrown.
Bellfry,
his
arrival
at
the
Door
leading
to
the
Cock -
loft
he discovered a person with a Lantern who made some violent and threatening
Motion with a stick or some other substance which he held in his Hand...
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE PAPERS,
Folder
256,
Bursar' s Accounts
The Library Since July 4h 1821
1822
April
22
To this sum paid for three Volumes
Gilmours
reports -
and 3. do )
1
40 --
by Doct
July
5th-lunfords reports this sum for Books ordered)
50.
Smith ---
IBID.
receipts,
inclusive
and
expenditures...
on account
of the
from July 1822 to July 1823
Income.
1822
Aug]
Feb
7
27
"
" [
to
Ditto [
this
by
sum]
this
F Wicker
sum]
January
for
Plank
207 --
Rent of Brafferton due 1st
last...
100 --
�313.
IBID.
1823
Library
March
6
Dr
To this
T&
Contra
Cr
sum paid
J Swordes
for Books
ordered by Dectr Smith 361. 62
BOOK
OF THE PROCEEDINGS
1817- 1830],
p. 147
OF THE SOCIETY
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY COLLEGE .
At a Meeting of the Society 6th July 1823.
From
printed " Annual
Report,"
pasted into minutes on page 147.]
The President is extremely happy to have it in his power to commence
with
for
stating,
half
near
at
length
ed,
and
that
a
the
leaks
have
century,
sufficiently
accordingly
the
in
the
been
secured.
workmen
roof
a
of
source
the
of
which,
College
annoyance,
probably,
and expense are
The plastering consequently can be repairare
engaged
about
it.
New sashes are
ordered and in a short time the buildings will be put and kept in proper
order.
111
IBID.,
148- 9
pp.
At a Meeting of the Society held 27th October 1823.
Resolved that a Librarian shall be appointed and that a Compensation of
fifty dollars p Annum to be paid out of the Library fees be allowed him
for his
Services.
Resolved
WILLIAM
that Wm Simpkins be appointed
AND
Librarian.
MARY
COLLEGE PAPERS, Folders 122- 2; 123- 2, 2nd Arr.
of a letter from Wilson Miles Cary to Mrs. Va.
copy
from Harrison Papers, U. Va. Lib.]
Typed
Williamsburg
I
shall
Library &
read
study
a
good
very
hard &
deal...
shall
avail
myself
Not
Cary,
28, 1823
of the College
Oct.
catalogued.
�314.
WILLIAM &
2nd
Series,
MARY COLLEGE QUARTERLY HISTORICAL MAGAZINE
Vol.
XI ( 1931)
136- 7.
pp.
Letter
Wm.
of
Garland,
H.
student
at
the
There
you
be
which
on
is
would
to
ing
6th,
his
sister]
1823.
unless
nothing here that would interest
you in the least,
amused with falling walls and decaying houses.
This spot,
have
actions
many noble
the imagination,
but
engage
been
performed,
the recollection
now presents nothof what it once
The regular tolling of the College bell and the students attendits call, presents the most animated scene that I have witnessed
was...
to
ing
so
to
November
Williamsburg,
College,
since I have arrived at this place. ...
WILLIAM
AND
COLLEGE PAPERS,
MARY
Library
256,
Dr
To
1823
Folder
this
sum
for
Rodgers
100
Contra
Doct
paid
Bursar' s Accounts
1823
Pam-
Cole
150 --
phlets
Cr
By this sum of Jesse
Octo:
on
acct
150
Books sold by him
1824
2 "
July
do [
to this sum paid]
for sundry
IBID.
Books
44 --
Folder 57
Report
the
small
most
number
of
President
the
to
the
Board
of Visitors.
July
5,
1824]
disagreeable circumstance attending the College,
is the
of pupils who have this year resorted to
the
Wmsburg, &
still smaller number who have remained until the close of the session.
There
but
were
reduced
were
to go
into
to
35 Matriculations in all, & at the
8 ...
The University of Virginia,
Examination
which
these
is just about
can not but affect us...
operation,
the Prest is quite satisfied there is but one possible expedient,
that is a transfer
of the establishment
J.
Aug:
to Richmond...
Smith
BOOK OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF WILLIA.M AND MARY COLLEGE
1817- 1830],
At
a
p.
Meeting
163.
of
the
Society
held
20th
Oct.
1824
The President
Stated,
that General LaFayette had announced his
Intention of visiting the College: Whereupon it was resolved that the
Faculty would receive him in the large passage and that the President
be
desired
to
deliver
a
suitable
address,
and
to
confer
on
the
�315.
General the Honary degree of Doctor of Laws.
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
New- York
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Observer, [
Folder
15,
Ms.
November
Clipping]
13,
1824,
Vol.
II. .. No.
William
and Mary College. - ...
It has six professorships,
a library
a valuable
and
3 and 4000 volumes,
philosophical apparatus,
buildings
of brick sufficient
for the accommodation
of 100 students.
46
of
between
With
all
these
the institution has been for many years past
advantages,
and at the
of decline,
of students was reduced to six...
in
a
state
IBID.
of
close
the
last
the
session,
number
Folder 57
of President Smith
Report
a revision
of the
Statutes
to
has
of Visitors.
Board
not been
complied
26,
Nov.
with
in
1824]
consequence
of the indisposition of Mr Saunders...
The number of matriculations
for the present term is 18.
J.
IBID.
Folder
15,
...
Smith
Aug:
Ms.
Memorial & Remonstrance
of
citizens
of
Wmsburg.
against
removing
the College]
of
Meeting
Citizens
9 Dec.
evening,
To the Honorable
Virginia.
to
the
at
court
house,
Thurs.
the Senate and the House of Delegates
of
represents,
had
Having
unable
Wmsburg
The memorial and remonstrance of the city of Williamsburg,
respectfully
are
of
1824.]
to
access
state
786;
to
some
only, of
yet,
they
the
the
satisfactorily,
books
true
of
the
condition
College,
thereof,
they
prior
with some degree of certainty,
a period of twenty- six years,
about one thousand and twenty- seven students matriculated...
that
yea
from/
h
ime
From
ten
than
years,
the
fifty- six
College,
of
the
year
can
1812
state,
inclusive,
to that of 1823,
year 1814,
five hundred and sixty- seven
about
for the
the
to
per
annum,
inclusive,
students,
a period of
averaging
more
entered the College...
year
1822- 3,
there were forty- seven students
whom
fifteen
graduated;
attending
a number equal to the graduates
of the eight preceeding years...
Statement of the annual number of students attending the College of
William
book
and
Mary,
from
of Matriculations,
the
b
year
1786,
Robert
M'
to
the
Candlish,
taken
year 1823,
Chairman
of the
from the
town
meeting.
�316.
Years.
Numbers.
IIIYears.
Numbers.
Years.
Numbers.
1803
56
65
1807
49
45
62
1786
30
1794
1787
1788
34
9
1795
1796
1789
8
23
19
32
25
35
1804
1805
1806
1790
16
1797
1798
1791
22
1799
43
1808
63
1792
8
1800
44
1809
1793
42
1801
71
1810
57
66
1811
44
1802
all,
In
1812
59
thousand
one
32
and
1813
twenty-
for twenty- six years.
seven,
19
In two years of President Bracken fifty- one.
1814
21
1818
50
1822
47
1815
1816
75
1819
1823
33
95
92
1820
49
44
1821
61
1817
In
IBID.,
of
the
of
years
15,
Folder
Report
of
ten
Mss.
the
Smith,
of Schools &
Committee
1824,
College,
President
five hundred and sixty- seven.
Colleges,
on the
subject
of theraemoval
25- 26.]
pp.
Information furnished Ix President Smith.
The
They
books
in
called
are
the
old,
library,
means
of
consists
is
by
no
cipally
for
the
institution
of
the
to
belonging
The
education
and
and
new,
works
rich.
the
of William
College
the
for
divided into three rooms.
The first or old
libraries.
College.
the
having
clergymen
are
Mary,
law
Except
in
been
the
divinity,
intended,
originally
Episcopal church,
it
prin-
particular
provision was made for their instruction.
The scientific part of this library is not very valuable in consequence,
of many of
few works,
part
and
or
of the
consist
four
the
it
new
net,
of
approved
dollars
increased,
as
each
the
of
the
is
as
library,
thousand
salary
being
volumes
was
and
lost.
all
modern
has
studdnt
librarian,
Even
the
first,
with the exception of some
law
library,
worth.
The principal
have been recently added,
selected.
The
carefully
expended on them,
and they are
authors,
been
pays
is
at
of any great
believed,
the
sum
applied
of
five
to
their
dollars,
which,
augmentation.
sum of three
gradually
after deducting
�317.
The
three
four
of
chased
Europe
not
belonging
the
to
volumes.
thousand
statement
in
books
of
number
or
It is impossible
many years
The chemical
extensive.
and
philosophical
the
chemical
Part
ago.
College,
of
The former was pur-
apparatus.
it
is
very
has been
apparatus
may amount probably to about
to give a very accurate
valuable,
but it is
and
purchased,
recently
from
time to time such additions are made to it as the professor reports necessary,
and
the
funds
will
All
afford.
in
and
good state of preservation,
such a series of experiments and demonstra-
are
enable
the professor
tions,
that no complaints have been heard of any deficiency.
The
Brafferton
Besides
is valued
College
the
mentioned,
already
and sundry
acres
General
of
Assembly
building
the
to the
books
to
which
to
is
very
large,
and the Brafferton
the
institution.
There
are about 350
College.. .
of the
library
are
stamped, "
The gift of the
of Virginia."
TYLER' S QUARTERLY HISTORICAL
LIBRARY,
1, 500
appertaining
attached
few
at
there is a dwelling house in which the president resides,
out- houses
of land
Some
to exhibit
a
ENDOWMENT
MAGAZINE,
FUND,
Vol.
II,
pp.
243- 244.
AND LANDS OF WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE IN 1824.
In 1824 the College of William and Mary petitioned the General Assembly
be
to
from Williamsburg to Richmond.
remove
The petition was
referred to a committee which proposed various questions to the College
authorities.
Among the papers filed in answer and preserved in the State
permitted
Library is the following:
The
Books
in
the
Colledge
of Wm &
Mary are divided into three Rooms.
the old, the new & the Law Libraries.
The first, or old
They
Library consists of works belonging to the Colledge.
Except in Divinity
it is by no means rich.
The Institution having been originally intended
are
dalled
for
principally
provision
the
Education
of
Clergymen
of the
Episcopal
Church,
particular
was made for their Instruction.
The scientific part of this Library is not very valuable in consequence
of many of the
some
few works,
volumes
prinBipal
of
part
it
added, &
consists
of
or
three
gradvAlly
after
being
not,
was
the
of
new
increased,
the
as
Even
of
at
believed,
first,
of
with
any very
the
exceptions
great
worth.
of
The
all the Law Library have been recently
Authors carefully
selected.
The sum
has been expended on them, & they are
modern
Dollars
each
salary
is
Library &
approved
four thousand
deducting
lost.
as
student
the
which,
pays the sum of five dollars,
Librarian,
is applied to their augmentation.
�318.
The number of Books belonging to the Colledge may amount probably to about
three
or
four
thousand
statement
of
chased
Europe
in
the
and
chemical
Part
many years ago.
chemical
apparatus
The
extensive.
It is impossible
volumes.
philosophical
has
of
to give a very accurate
The former was pur-
apparatus.
it
been
is
very
recently
but it is not
from time
valuable,
purchased &
to time such additions are made to it as the Professor reports necessary
will
the
funds
the
Professor
afford.
to
no complaints
is valued
the
in
are
such
a
have been heard
The Brafferton
Besides
All
exhibit
a
good
of preservation, &
state
of
series
enable
demonstrations
experiments &
that
of any deficiency.
at 1, 500
Building, which is very large, & the Brafferton already
dwelling house in which the President resides, & sundry
out Houses appertaining to the Institution.
of the Library are stamped " The Gift of the General
Some few of the Books
Assembly of Virginia."
mentioned,
BOSTON
College
there
EVENING
is
a
TRANSCRIPT,
A New Englander'
November
21, 1934
Williamsburg,"
by
of
Picture
s
F.
S.
T. (
Photostat,
Ms.
Dept.)
1824]
Papers,
eapttt1
Lord
of
Boston
of
the
which have come to light in the hands of Miss Mary
Brookline,
Virginia,
through
state
unread,
long
Patterson
give
a
new
picture
Williamsburg,
which has been restored to a semblance
of
work
John
D.
by the viewpoint of an early New Englander,
by her father, Daniel Walker Lord of Kennebunkport,
journeyed through the Southland in 1824.
them.
Flavored
the record is
Maine,
as he
kept
one
I took
liamsburg
Mary
The
wrote
the late
gig,"
the ninth of March.
a
on
College.
steps
broken
than
mostly
and most
out
three
been
It has
panes
of
of
out
are
all
or
glass
Mr.
Lord, " and came twelve miles to WilHere I visited the ruins of William and
very much neglected,
their place.
Some
of
in
them
them.
one- time
of its former
Jr.
Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn,
and supervised the work on
Rockefeller,
designed the new buildings
architects,
of
more
The
less
or
cellar
and will
soon go quite
to ruin.
of the windows are entirely
broken,
is
used
some not having more
for
a
barn,
and the
building has more the appearance of a gaol in ruins than the remains of a
In the
college.
broken
through.
body
of
the
wing
at
each
In this
seems
college
end,
wreck
to have
apparently.
chapel
The
is
a
mislaid
For:
seats
about
fifty
of
the
college
feet
is
are
about
broken
150
sixty- six feet
long,
down,
and the panels of the doors
the
long and has two wings;
long, and to add to that, one
feet
from the main college."
college
delineated
sixteen
feet
so
somewhere,
carefully
by
Mr.
Lord,
there flourished
who yet
learning,
�319.
There
three
thirty
are
at the
belonging
students
he
college,"
continues,
only two of which room in the building."
The
surprising
part is not the
two,
in view of the remarkable
the
A
the
walk,"
wide
front
twelve
to
feet
in
back
In
the
the
WILLIAM
base
AND MARY
of the
Report
to propose
In
east.
carved, '
is
COLLEGE
the
The
which
college
base
is
52,
into
would
for
a
barn,
or
their
about half way from the
marble,
facing, as
of
about
is
used
now
yard,
statue
Folder
enquire
as
but the presence of
extends through from
had any doors.
It is ten
never
white
six
de Lord Botetonis
PAPERS,
measures
rest,
historian, "
it
full
and
Baron
Committee to
such
informal
cellar,
large
a
the
ventilation.
arched;
the
done.
you meet with
college
does,
the
Upon
and
side
width.
formerly
was
cooking
street,
the
continues
the
of
absence
feet,
and the,,man also
MDCCLXXI. 1"
six.
Ms.
the
state &
its
advance
condition
prosperity,
of the
college,
1824.]
The philosophical apparatus is esteemed to be in as good if not better
conditio,
for
than
some
past -
years
and
the
Library,
heretofore
extensive,
has been annually augmented...
IBID.,
Folder
from
Letter
15,
Z.
Ms.
Jacob
to
Archibald Woods]
Col.
Richmond,
December
31st,
1824.
There is a proposition before the House to remove the Ancient college of
William &
to
think
60
a
or $
from
Mary
it
ought
70 Thousand
good library,
Williamsburgh
to
be
to
removed.
with
dollars -
apparatus,
The
etc.
a
Richmond.
college
yearly
I am at present much inclined
has
income
a
large
foundation,
of $ 6000
or $
7000,
say
with
at this time it has only 18 students and has
not had more than about 30 on an average...
IBID.,
Folder
Excerpt
of
January
12,
The
111- B
letter
from
John
Campbell
to
his
brother David.
Richmond,
1825]
Subject
of
the
removal
of
William
and
Mary
Coledge
has
produced
a
�320.
great
deal
of
excitement
in
the
They
Legislature.
hate hdd
Dr.
Smith
the
President a very smart fluent little fellow frequently before the Committee. ..
The opponents to the removal say the coledge has declined in consequence of
Some of his philosophical opinions...
WOK OF, THE PROCEEDINGS
187.
OF
SOCIETY OF WILLIAM
THE
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
p.
At a Meeting of the Society held 14 Feb 1825
Resolved that the Faculty shall hold a regular weekly meeting in the Blueon
every Monday at 12 o' clock, and that the several Books of the Society
Room
be on the Table at every meeting.
IBID.,
At
a
188- 189.
pp.
of
Meeting
the
Society
held
Feb 1825.
21st.
Resolved that the Carpenter of the College be requested to examine minutely
into
the
state &
ment
and
report
the probable
condition of the several Buildings belonging to the Establishto
the
Society
what
repairs
they
require,
and what will
be
cost of said repairs.
The President stated to the Society that by the Regulations of the Visitors
he was entitled to a Garden and Gardener and that Ned who has heretofore
cultivated the Garden for the President is no longer competent to the Task.
Resolved
therefore,
the
the[
sic]
President
be authorised
to hire
such additional Labour in aid of the present Gardener as may be necessary.
IBID.,
At
a
p.
190.
Meeting
Resolved
that
be practicable
for
its
of
the
the
Carpenter
such
immediate
Society
held
be
repars[ sic]
preservation.
14th
March.. .[
requested
to
to[
1825]
sic]
commence
as
early
as may
in and about the College as may be requisite
�321.
Resolved that one fourth of the Rent of the Brafferton
to Repairs
of the said Building and that the Occupant
be now appropriated
direct such as he may
deem most necessary.
Resolved that the pailings and Gates in the front of the College be repaired-
IBID.,
p.
191.
At a Meeting of the Society held 4th April 1825
Resolved
that Mr Roscow
College -
One
procured
IBID.,
Concave
according
p.
Cole be requested
Mirror -
the
one
Instructions
to purchase
Convex
of
do -
the
and
Profr
of
one
for the use of the
Barometer
Chem. &
to
be
Nat Philosophy -
197.
At a Meeting of the Society held 23rd May 1825.
Resolved
that in future no meetings
in the College
IBID.,
p.
of the Students
of any kind beLipamtttted
after Candle- light.
198.
At a Meeting of the Society held 22nd June 1825.
The president
stated that the Mechanic had come from Richmond to fix [?]
the Tin upon the Roof of the College agreeably to the Direction of the
Society that charcoal was necessary in his operation which had not been
that
Cart &
a
WILLIAM
being Known that it was necessary - Resolved therefore
Horse be hired and sent immediately to obtain it...
it not
provided
AND MARY
actual
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
receipts,
and
256
Folder
expenditures...
Bursar' s Accounts
July 1824 to July 1825. ..
1825
June
July
do [ to
16
2]
" "
this
Thomas
Chain
sum]
Sands,
and
For
four
Carpenter
Compass
boxes
60 --
85. 79
25. 00
�322.
IBID.,
Folder
57,
Ma.
of President to the
Report
Board of
Visitors.
4th July 1825]
the most prominent object is of course the unsuccessful effort which
has
bade- to
During
to
end
the
remove
the
the
last
of
the
Institution...
21
course
term
the
matriculated.
Students
Law- Students &
pp.
OF THE
OF
THE
hold
its
PROCEEDINGS
SOCIETY
all
continued
Aug.
OF WILLIAM
bmith
AND MARY
COT, T, EGE,[
1817- 1830],
200- 201.
Tuesday
Committee
The
for
these
one young man excepted...
J.
BOOK
Of
will
WILLIAM
Visitors
in
AND MARY
the
COLLEGE
the
July 5th 1825 -
Session
College,
PAPERS,
on
tomorrow
in
the & oom
set
apart
and will be in Session by half after 8 oclk.
Folder
55.
Ms.
At a Meeting of the Society held the 6th day of July 1825
The President laid before the Society the following letter of John Tyler,
EKE chairman & c
resolved that it be respectfully recommended to the convocation to
provide by law for the establishment of a boarding house for the students so
as to reduce the necessary expenses of a student...
Resolved that the Faculty respectfully renew the recommendation formerly
made by them of establishing a Grammar School in College...
IBID.,
Folder
Visitors
50,
Meeting,
Ms.
6 July 1825]
The Committee to whom was referred two Resolutions from the faculty submitting
to this board a question of construction on a Resolution of the visitors
allowing
IIIThat,
a
as
specific
far
as
Sum
for the
appears,
no
of chemical
agents Report purchase
Resolution of this Board has been passed
for
an
�323.
directly
allowance
of
purchasing
believing
in
necessary
that a former
75 to DoctrqHare
Rogers of seventy five dollars forthe purpose
Doctor.
to
agents
as
Resolution
Chemical
Chemical
the
of the Visitors
was
professor,
But,
School -
the Faculty
an allowance of
making
intended
for
that
department,
have heretofore caused the same Sum to be paid to the present professor
of
Agents
considered
out
growl
Your Committee are of opinion that what
purpose. under this allowance
purchased
by Dr. Rogers ought to be
for
Chemistry
ever
the
were
and
his,
as
of this
same
not
College
but,
property: -
from the
appropriation
as inconveniences may
in which
manner
it
is
used,
now
they
recommend the adoption of the following Resolution Resolved,
that a Sum not exceeding Seventy five dollars be annually
appropriated by the Faculty for the purchase of Agents necessary to be used
in the
and
of
course
expended
accounted
IBID.,
for the use of the College
lectures,
direction
of
the
professorship
of
professor
of
to be supplied
and
Chemistry;
to
be
50.
a
establishing
it
Be
the
for by him -
Folder
STATUTE
Chemical
under
ordained
the
by
Governors
and
July 6,
humanity.
Visitors...
That
there
1825.
shall
be
and
hereby is established a Professorship of Humanity in this University...
let the Professor
of such scholars
keep a boarding house for the reception...
or students as may attend his class other than the children of those persons.. .
in
the
BOOK
OF THE
202-
PROCEEDINGS
204.
The following
meeting
so to be furnish' d include Board,
fire candles and washing. ..
Lodging,
pp.
Let the accommodations
vicinity...
were
[
Also
OF THE
SOCIETY
in William
Statutes
directed
and
and Resolutions
to
be
OF WILLIAM
Mary
recorded.
College
AND
MARY
Papers,
COLLEGE, [
Folder
made by the Visitors
1817- 1830],
50]
at their late
and are as follows --
William and Mary College July 6th 1825.
A Statute
Be
it
establishing a Table in the College.
by the Governors & Visitors
ordained
of William and Mary College-
That a Table for the victualling of the Students who may attend the Lectures
delivered
at
this University
be
established
within
the
Said
College -
let
a
man of unquestionable Respectability be engaged by the Faculty for this purpose let him be placed in possession of the Brafferton House and appurtenances for
of his private
the accommodation
let him have the
family free of charges -
use of all the Rooms in the College as well above as below ground which shall
not
otherwise
be
appropriated
together
with
the
outhouses
appurtenant
to
the
�324.
College
building. He shall have laid off to him and placed under his Culture,
so much of the College Garden as may be necessary to furnish the Table with
Vegetables,
but let the Faculty take care to reserve of the Garden a suffiof
ciency
Ground
to
for
Vegetables
supply
the
president.
He shall
be per-
mitted to obtain a supply of firewood of pine for the use of his Kitchen
from such parts of the College Lands adjacent thereto as may be selected
by the Faculty:
... let him furnish to each Student at the College ( other
than those whose parents or Guardians may reside near the College and may
board
to
prefer
their
Sons
or
Wards
home
or such Student
or Students
of a Sound
discretion
elsewhere)
and
and let him also if required by
a
Student
in the exercise
with Bedding,
board
at
as the Faculty
fire -
shall permit
supply washing and Candles.
Let his Table be
with good substantial
and wholesome
food Let
supplied
boakdiTizabdCfittebe
each
paid by
the
student
Sum
of
one
to board
neatly Kept and
him for bedding,
Hundred
Dollars,
and
washing & Candles the Sum of Twenty dollars for the Course, and so in
for any Shorter or longer period...
Let them [ the Faculty] for
proportion,
for
misconduct
gross
let the Faculty
decorum
IBID.,
remove
assist
the
Steward
and appoint
another
in his place,
so far as it can in the preservation
of order
and
and
at the Table within the College...
209.
p.
Resolutions
adopted 6th July 1825
Resolved that the Bursar procure for the College two dozen chairs such as
are used in the General
Resolved
that
the
Court Room in Richmond.
Bursar
to
pay
the
of
Profr
Chemistry $ 75 for the
purpose of purchasing Agents to be used in the Chemical Lectures and the
further
IBID.,
of $ 50
sums
pp.
to
be laid
out
in Apparatus
198- 199.
At a Meeting of the Society held 27th July 1825.
Resolved
that
the
of
rear
Resolved
the
Cattle
the
that
passages
the
and
shall
College
not
be turned
at
weeds
in
the
back
Rooms:.
in
the
College
into
the
Inclosures
before
or in
night.
yard
be
of
the
College
cleansed -
be
removed,
that
and that the president
be requested to procure at the expense of the College Labour necessary for
these
purposes.
�eillilk
P)
h
u
TT^^
ma
NE:'
P''''
M
74,...
s_ .., .
bi
1F`
a
g
I....
0
0
0
cam._
tm
up
lb, . .•
z
O
A,.
,
rms .
tom
m
am
Lei
:-
1-
t.
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-
T
I.
7...,•
r•--..
y
li,, p,'
2) ---- !„.
i.
I
l
5
ti
1
ir..'
a
D
rr3
3i.
-
r
6>
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1
H•
txj
t
w' L
1
m
I'
ff L7 t;,
is
f
t
V
W
W
fV
VI
�325.
AND
WILLIAM
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
256,
Folder
Bursar' s Accounts
Contra
Dr
Library
To paid
1825
for
Cr
66 75
Books
July
1825 "[
by
of
sale]
Books
21
Nov:
To
this
sum
Books
Ditto
BOOK
THE
OF
3. 75
for
14 00
ditto
22 --
OF THE
PROCEEDINGS
SOCIETY
OF WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
210.
p.
At a meeting of the Society held 5th Sept 1825
Resolved
that
Mr
Edward
Walker
be
appointed
Steward
that
there
be
allowed
him on the part of the College S10 for every Room occupied by a Student
or Students and the further Sum of S100 towards enclosing the College Farm:which appointment was accepted of by Mr Walker.
TUCKER- COLEMAN
from
Letter
MS., (
John
Archives
to
Page
St.
at
In.)
Williamsburg,
Colonial
Warminster,
Tucker,
George
Oct.
Williamsburg
Va.
Nelson.,
12th 1825
My very dear Sir
Perhaps you may wish to know my opinion of the University of Virginia.. .
much pleased with the Professors
I heard,
and with the orderly and quiet
behavior
of the Students,
which character however I understand they have since
I
was
forfeited.
I
not
were
at
The
Professors
be much
should
be
to
found
in
time)
in
the
Professorships
in
that
and
this
Modern
are
mortified
this
doubt
no
learn,
to
country.
University
than
institution
Without
Languages.
of talents
men
that
their
The
in
which
fact
Wm &
we
questioning
equals
is,
Mary
have
the
acquirements,
even
there
is
in
taught
are
two
of Medicine
viz.
first,
but
superiors
less
There
this
of the
their
much
College.
not
use
and
and
I
will
off
with regard to Languages
in believing they can never be
generally I think you will agree with me,
Having disposed of the subjects which are
properly taught by public lecture.
peculair to the University let us examine those which are common to them both.
set
it
by
the
of
Professorship
Law
in
this
College. . .
Here the Ancient Languages are taught by lesson and by an application of many
hours
in
of half
each
a
Philosophy &
except
Law
a
day.
dozen
c.
small
lectures.
There it is by lecture or by attending to the recitation
young
men
There,
once
no lectures
metaphysical
Dr
Emett'
in
s
class.
Chemical
two
days.
Here
are delivered
I
have
lectures
have
lectures
on any Moral
before
are
we
hinted
inferior
on
Moral
Science
if we
that,
there
to
Rogers' ,
Dr
were
no
however
�326.
Mr Bonnycastle' s Lects on Natural Philosophy are much superior to Dr Rogers'
but
he
is
if the
badly provided
very
with
informed
well
were
public
apparatus.
of
the
.. .
actual
I am clearly
of
condition
of opinion
each,
and
dis-
posed to patronise Literature equally where ever it was to be found in the
William and Mary would have nothing to fear from the University.
State
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
256,
Folder
Bursar' s Accounts
Statement of receipts and expenditures from July 1825 to July 1826.
1826
May 29]
to]
July 3]
1826,
two
dom.
Expenses
Jan
7]
"
do. [
by
chairs &
Garden &
of
this
sum
for
cushions
133 --
c
50
rent]
Brafferton
to
5th July
last -
62
51. 40
s
IBII .,
Folder
Report
of
the
Also
Ms. [
57.
to
Faculty
in
the
of the
Proceedings
of
Board
Visitors.
Society. . . [ 1817-
1830],
pp.
229- 39.
July 1826]
004
To
into effect the views of the convocation [
of Visitors of July,
the Faculty caused a sufficient number of rooms for the accommodation
carrying
1825],
of
students
by
the
to
repairs,
be
fitted
that
and the College
up;
had
commenced
and
were
was put into a better
continued,
condition
than it had been in
before for many years;
which appeared to be necessary to render it comfortable
and to preserve it from decay.
The
Grammar
School
opened
at
the
time
appointed
by
the
Statutes,
and
from
the first was well attended. . .
The
Higher
Schools
students
that
resident
Graduates
The
been
Library
added
to
were
attended
opened
any
time
at
the
during
time
the
appointed. . .
course,
The
amounted
number
besides
of
two
to 19.. .
fund
the
at
has
been
Library. . .
regularly
applied. ..
and
some
valuable
books
have
�327.
The Faculty deem it proper to state on the authority of the Professor of
Chemistry, that althol the present Apparatus is adequate for the illustration
of general chemistry,
and that no inconvenience has been experienced in
the
experiments,
conducting
yet there is one subject. . . Galvanic Electricity,
which
be
cannot
taught
successfully
present no useful arrangements
without
expensive
There
means.
are
at
for the purpose in College. . .
The Philosophical Apparatus is upon the whole in good order for the Faculty
need
old
scarcely notice
instruments.. .
what
permanent arrangements
of Hydrodynamics
and
might
appear
a
large
the great number of
exception,
The Professor of Natural Philosophy has fitted up several
for additional experiments illustrating the Theories
He has also constructed about twenty six
Pneumatics.
permanent pieces of Electrical apparatus,
with pleasure add th-:t the whole Apparatus
at his
own
has been
expense. . .
so arranged
and the Fauulty
and ordered
at but a trifling expense as to give it a highly creditable appearance.
BOOK
OF
THE
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
SOCIETY
WILLIAM
OF
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
231.
p.
At a Meeting of the Society held 1st July 1826
To carry into effect the views of the Convocation the Faculty caused a
sufficient number of Rooms for the Accommodation of Students to be fitted up;
and the College was put into a better Condition
commenced
appeared
WILLIAAM
Roll
BOOK
p.
of
OF
and
to
be
were
continued,
to
necessary
AND MARY
Grammar
COLLEGE
render
PAPERS,
School -
THE PROCEEDINGS
than
had
it
comfortable &
Folder
July 1826-
OF THE
been
by the Repairs that h,. d
it
146,
Total
SOCIETY
OF
in
before
for
many
years:
-
which
to preserve it from Decay.
Mss.
of
number
WILLIAM
AND
students
IMIARY
-
40.]
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
243.
At a Meeting of the Society held 31st October 1826.
Resolved
Session
and
that
Mr Walker
that
a
Hawes, -
Compensation
Student be appointed Librarian for the present
of $ 50
be
allowed
him
for
his
Serviees.
�328.
IBID.,
247- 48.
pp.
At a Meeting
of the Society held 4th Decr 1826.
OOG
Resolved
that the sum of S40 be allowed to Dr Rogers for two Iron Grates at
and also $1 50/ 100 for two Irons for the Chemical apparatus.
Brafferton,
the
Resolved
Wells
that
Resolved
Malte
the
Steward
be authorized
and
requested
to have
the
College
cleaned.
that the Bursar be requested
to furnish the College with a Copy of
Brun' s Geography.
Wm H.
IBID.,
248,
p.
At a Meeting
Wilmer,
Presidet
249.
of the Society
held llth Decr 1826.
400
Resolved
that Mr Christian
the Bursar be required
to procure two stoves for
the use of the College.
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Folder
256,
Bursar'
s
Accounts
Library
Dr. . .
1826
July
20
Octo
11
To
this
sum
"
paid
for
Books
819
00
Ditto
ditto
12. 00
Ditto
ditto
26. 00
1827
January
"
Statement
of
and expenditures from July 1826 to July 1827.
receipts,
1827
March
14 "
BOOK
OF THE
pp.
do [ to
this
PROCEEDINGS
sum
OF
pd]
THE
for
a
stove
SOCIETY
OF
and
23. 88
pipe - - -
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
259- 260.
At a Meeting of the Society held 20th March 1827.
044
The
Students
gave
into
the
Society
a
remonstrance
against
the
Steward
complaining
�329.
of
Food -
their
of the
informed
recently
very
of
that
taking
the
found
cooked --
was
1'
their
and likewise
of great
4hereupon the Steward being
1eals.
But as it appeared that it had been
good.
Steward
and
it
offered to produce specimens of Bread and Tea;
Complaint,
e) D- mined
were
which
in
manner
in the hours
irregularity
which
the
had
employed
a
good
might be reasonable grounds of Dissatisfaction
and
Cook --
that
there
sometimes on the Subject of
fresh
in a great Measure
of
attributable no doubt
provisions,
the Market,
but not entirely without
a remedy on the part of the Steward.
It
was
that the steward be desired to use every exertion in his
determined,
power to furnish his Table with an adequate
and that after the 1st
provisions:
half past 7 -for Breakfast,
be -Tea
to the Badnes[ sic]
supply of fresh as well as salt
of April
for
the hours
two
Dinner
o'
for
their
Meals
and
P. M. --
clk
shall
for
6 otclk.
IBID.,
260- 61.
pp.
At a Meeting of the Society held 21st larch 1827
The President reported that last night between the Hours of 10 and 11 o' Clk
the Door leading to the Belfry was broken open by Students and the College Bell
for
rung
happened
of
the
which
as
if in
Noises &
a
second
be
was
the
in
Robbins
that
and
the
and
Taylor
Creed[?]
Interval
which
and
Laws,
the
Faculty,. . .
that
they
Robbins
the
personal
Bell:
upon
half an hour however,
accompanied
with
boisterous
but as none of the Faculty visited the Spot
and
Taylor
Correctness
agency
in
of
being
the
breaking
retired.
When
summoned,
open
entered
young Men. . .
equally implicated with
the
the
Door,
before
the
denying only that
althot they acknowledged
of getting at the Bell --
under discussion
Council
Messrs
appeared
statement,
above
their Case was
twelve
were
the
ringing
of about
the latter party was as yet undiscovered.
Messrs
they
who
and a Light taken into the Belfry,
violence,
that they Knew that this was done for the purpose
upon
of Law,
Professor
went to the College and discovered two
in the
rung with great
of the Professors
admitted
any
himself,
That
Neighbourhood,
exclamations:
profane
Time,
Society;
had
again
defiance
Whereupon
they
Time.
considerable
young Men viz Messrs
they returned home:
Bell
the
a
to
before
the
Chamber;
Robbins &
told the Society
Taylor in ringing the
Bell.. .
IBID.,
pp.
262,
263.
At a Meeting of the Society held 26th March 1827
Resolved that the Steward shall bd required to inspect the Room occupied by any
Student,
and in case of Damages being committed on the same during his residence
in
it,
he
Steward. ..
shall
be
accountable
therefor
to
the
Faculty,
upon
the
report
of
the
�330.
The
Committee
to have
appointed
had
they
before
performed
the Society.
IBID.,
pp.
263,
that
duty:
Statutes &
the
transcribed
c.
reported
that
and laid the Book in which they were contained
264.
At a Meeting of the Society held 2nd April 1827
464
The
Profrs
were
laid
Absent
WILLIAM
of
COLLEGE
Minutes,
RESOLVED:
That
be
students
the beginning
Moral
April
three
270,
on
the
PAPERS,
1827 -
21,
from
Folder
which
it
appeared
that
regulate
the
there
55.
typed]
copies
printed, and that
of every course.
OF
Table
Class. . .
hundred
OF THE PROCEEDINGS
BOOK
pp.
Rolls
the
MARY
AND
Faculty
their
from
of
each
the
laws
student
THE SOCIETY
which
be furnished
OF WILLIAM
AND
MARY
conduct
with a copy at
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
271.
At a meeting of the Society held llth June 1827.
Resolved
what
that
Repairs
estimate
IBID.,
either
are
be obtained
p.
Dr
Wilmer
requisite
in
or
Judge
College
Semple
and
be
about
a
the
Committee
to
premises,
and
ascertain
that
an
of the lowest Amount for which they can be made.
271.
At a Meeting of the Society held 16th June 1827.
The Accompt
settled;
was
Dr'
s
Hands
due
of Dr Rogers for agents and apparatus during the last two ye< rs,
from which it appeared that there was a Balance remaining in the
to
the
College
of
3. 06
1/
4.
�331.
WILLIA. M
AND MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
146,
Folder
Mss.
Rectors report of number receiving instruction at the College during the
session
July 4,
ending
1827]
the number of those who have received
collegiate
IBID.,
instruction
during the past
80"
course - - -
Folder 52.
of
Report
to
Committee
Study
what
Statutes
in
nre
force.
1827.]
July 5,
On the 6th of August 1788 a Statute was passed repealing all former statutes,
except
those
they
have
that
to the office of President,
and the Indian School. . .
relating
found it necessary to look at any of the Statutes. . .
prior to
except in relation to the office of President,
and the Indian
time,
not
School. . .
Of
the
Convopation.
that Tor
1111
few
been
it
that
is
the
of
commencement,
to
Indians
by
its
report
a
war
between
Great
a small
educated at Brafferton
that
since
believed
of the
very little appears in the records of the
which was made on the 4th of July, 1786, . . .
before
years
maintained &
But
School,
find
time
some
within
a
Indian
They
from the
Location
of the
America, &
of Indian
untill
boys
had
Charity school in Williamsburg. ..
nothing had been
limited income
of the
period
the
Britain &
number
done
the
with
school,
endowment, &
the
owing
gradual
as
recession
College
Ro:
McCandlish)
Committee
Wmsburg
BOOK
pp.
5th July 1827
OF THE
274,
PROCEEDINGS
THE
OF
SOCIETY
OF WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
275.
At a meeting of the Society held 7th July 1827.
Resolved
to
the
accts
of
104. 62 -
by
the
that
Cole
much
so
Steward $
10
and
for
each
Sheldon
of Thomas
Society.
of the
Sands
Resolutions
Room
occupied
for
F318.
Jur
559.
passed
by
two
on
30th
1826
Oct.
Students
56, & $ 18. 64 of Thomas
and
of Mr Webb $
7E 1/ 2 -
be
as allows
repealed -
Sands
The
Senr
13. 12 were passed
�332.
Resolved that Mr Sands be employed by the President
the
College
contained
in
an
Estimate
laid
before
made under the superintendance of the Professor
to the Society when they are completed,--
to make the Repairs
of
the
Society, that they be
of Humanity who will report
Resolved that Wm Davies be employed to do the painting in the President' s
house;
the
and
necessary
on
glazing
the
Terms
proposed by
him -
Whether
two
or three Coats of paint be laid on shall be decided by the president.
Resolved that the President be requested to purchase Glass which may be
necessary for the use of the College-
Resolved that the President and Professor of Humanity determine on the
that may
Repairs
make
be
for
Hall,
the
and employ the Carpenter to
and that they be made under the Superintendance of the Profr
them,
necessary
of Humanity who will report to the Society when they are completed.
IBID.,
278.
p.
At a meeting
Resolved
that
if
Faculty
deposited
Resolved
in
[?]
be
communicated
compatible
same)
MARY
her
Wilmer,
wishes,
that it is the desire of the
that his remains should be
be procured at the expense of the College ( the
and the President' s house be painted under the
of the Professor
Minutes,
to Mrs
with
chapel.
paints
the
AND
Faculty
in
the
that
Inepeetien
WILLIAM
it
not
for
paying
of the Society held 24th July 1827.
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
July 24,
1827,
Bursar
of Humanity.
Folder
55.
typed]
Whereas the manuscript copy of the Laws which were to have been published
under
the
inspection
a transcript
of the
of
same
the
late
be made
President
at the
cannot
expense
be
found;
of the
Professor of Law have three hundred copies of them printed.
1111
Resolved,
College
and that
that
the
�333.
TUCKER- COLEMAN
from
Letter
MSS.
John
(
Colonial
Archives,
to
Page
Inc.)
Williamsburg,
Tucker,
George
St.
October
Williamsburg
31st
Va.]
Co.,
Nelson
Warminster,
1827
My very dear Sir
The College opened on Monday with a greater number of students than
Grammar
the
is
at
here
were
there are
any time last course;
School the number exceeds
forty.
and
good,
consequently
the
are
professors
In
already more than thirty.
The prospect of full classes
all in high spirits.
They
were all present at the opening of the College except Mr Empie the president,
expected
is
who
have
to
reason
which
in
seems
hope
to have
TYLER' S HISTORICAL
from
Letter
John Adams
C.
month.
next
all
he
will
been
La
De
MAGAZINE
nothing
satisfaction,
in behalf
Professor
Pena,
know
entire
give
enlisted
QUARTERLY
We
Vol.
certainly of
and secure
of the
interest
164- 5.
pp.
of Modern
at the
Languages
College,
to
Smith]
Williamsburg
Dear
the
college.
3,
but
him,
Novr 3rd 1827
Sir:
According
time
to my promise
which
exile,
former
in
destroys
every
and
thing,
I write you from this sad place of solitude
better
nothing
times
was
remains
the
Capital
of
Virginia.
and
As
here that would ascertain its
english general. . .
and many half ruined
but an old statue of an old wretched
glories,
to be seen on the College' s yard,
Lord Botetourt]
past
wooden
houses. . .
Cole' s family in which I board is a very agreeable
Doct.
one.
interesting
I will on Monday next open my french class at the College as I
imagine.
think
I
will
have
in
OF
THE
about
to
it.
I
have
also
several
town.. .
scholars
BOOK
and
My situation here is a great deal better than I could
PROCEEDINGS
40
students
OF THE
attending
SOCIETY
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
291- 292.
pp.
At a Meeting of the Society held 19th Nov 1827.
The Faculty were prevented from making their weekly report this day on account
of
a
hour,
fire
that
took
and adopted
place
the
in
College:
following
after which they assembled at a late
Resolution:
�334.
0
Resolved that the steward be directed to pay the strictest attention in future
towards
eight
Rooms
the
securing
small
additional
in
College
be
ones,
from
fire:
th: t
immediately procured
two
by
large
him, &
Ladders,
that
all
and
the
Chimnies be swept and scraped as far as may be practicable with a Holly Bush
immediately and as often thereafter as may be found necessary.
IBID.,
306.
305,
pp.
At a Meeting of the Society held 29th Jan 1828
Resolved
that
the
Sum
of $ 40
be allowed
for the Hire
of a Gardener
for
the presidentOrdered
that
the purchase
Bursar pay
of the following
Sismondi
Republiques
Constant
B.
the
Cours
from
Works
the
fund $ 411.
Library
for the
Politeque
10. 20
Total
WILLIAM
MARY
AND
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
for
f34 --
Italiennes
de
20/ 100
College.
Folder
44. 20
256,
Bursar'
s
Accounts
Dr
Library
...
1828
do[ to
Feby
BOOK
pp.
OF THE
306,
PROCEEDINGS
the
OF THE
for
SOCIETY
of the Society held
Society being
broken
paid
sum]
Books
44. 20
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
307.
At a meeting
The
this
the
Sash
of
satisfied
the
large
that
5th February
Mr
Window
1828.
George
I. [
in
upper
the
J.?]
Byrd had yesterda. y, wantonly
passage,
and
some
of
uhe
Glass
he was sent
for,
and asked if he
folding doors in the same passage;
had any thing to say why the Society should not proceed to enforce the Laws
of the College in such Cases provided.-He said that it was true that he had
in
�335.
to
nothing
further
say
on
the
Subject.
Whereupon the Society Resolved that
the Injury committed on the College property by said Mr Byrd be immediately
repaired,
IBID.,
pp.
and the expense
defrayed
by him . . .
312.
311,
At a Meeting
thereof
of the Society
held llth March
1828
Resolved that Books be purchased for the use of the Library by the respective
Professors and to the following Amount
soon as the Works shall be procured.
Mr
Browne
Mr
Campbell
Dr
Empie
Mr
Dew
Judge
IBID.,
At
a
p.
on the same as
50
70
Rogers
Mr
and that they report
50
50
85. 80
Semple
81.
315.
Meeting
of the
Society
26
held
Mar.
1828
The President laid before the Society an account of several great Irregularities
which
had
been
committed
in
the
College
on
Saturday
at
Evening,
which
Time
the
Black- board in the large Lecture- Room was broken to pieces. . .
IBID.,
pp.
323,
324.
At a meeting of the Society held June 3rd 1828.
Resolved that the President and the Professor of Humanity be appointed a Committee
what repairs
are necessary
in and about the College,
and that they be
to
examine
authorized
to
employ
a
Workman
to
make
them,
and
procure
the
necessary
Materials. —
�336.
IBID.,
327.
p.
At a Meeting
of the Society
held 24th June
1828
040
R.ESOLVED
a
that the president
Scaffold
large
sufficiently
be authorized
to
to have erected in the Church
Visitors
the Faculty and
the
accommodate
the graduates.
Commencement
IBID.,
exercises
328,
pp.
were to be held in the Church on July 4th.]
329.
At a Meeting of the Society held 28th June 1828
Resolved
hired
as
that a Negro Man named
for
Carpenter
a
the
Abram
at
College
belonging
the
rate
to Mr Holt
of
S160
Richardson
p[ er]
be
with
annum.
the privilege of returning him if he should be found not to answer our purpose.
The Steward made
College;
injury
with
which
done
the
to
a report
was
on the Subject
ordered
Room,
each
to
and
be
of the State
re- committed
make
a
with
Statement
of the Rooms
directions
against
the
to
in
estimate
Students
the
chargeable
damages -
IBID.,
pp.
Report
of
335- 336. [ Also in William
the
Faculty
to
the
and
Visitors.. .
1`
lary
College
Papers,
Folder
57]
July 4th 1828.
Of the Students about 20 have boarded at the Stewards 4 the rest in the
City
fall
Last
subdued &
to
Ladders
well
did
be
late
in
Season
the
a
fire
to
the
occurred
in
College
But
it
was
soon
The Faculty have caused
provided & have ordered that the Chimneys should be frequently
very
little
injury
building
swept.
The College needing many repairs a Committee has been appointed to purchase
to hire
by the month or year & to direct as well as superintend
their labour persuaded that upon this plan we shall save 2/ 3 of what it would
otherwise
cost
us. . .
The building remains now much in the same condition in
which
it has been for several years past exhibiting
many marks of decay & dilapidation
But we hope by the plan now adopted within the space of two or three
yers to put it into a very good state of repair at a price less than our
materials
current
annual
workmen
expenses
for
Carpenter &
Masons
work-
�337.
The brick work above the North & South doors & in some other places that
need it has not been repaired because since the weather permitted no bricks
sashes
are suffered
to remain
a
could be obtained in the City & the window
little longer in their present condition untill we are provided with a
Carpenter of our own & until we have procured such glass as will suit our
Sashes
without
the
expence
We take pleasure
Session
voted
us &
State & a valuable
of
cutting
also in stating
have
we
of
the Legislature
received. . . two
recently
Collection
it
that
Law
at their
elegant
Maps
late
of this
books
The number of Graduates this year is but three. . .
IBID.,
330,
pp.
331,
332.
At a Meeting of the Society held 8th July 1828.
The
a
Garden
examined
were
Shelden
and
allowed
and
Amt $
Co:
T.
viz
69. 44 =
C.
Lucas
for preparing
To Dick for President' s
62 1/ 2 cts
that
purchase
of
Safety
the
that
all
Brafferton
the
the
furnish
Bursar
Materials &
Resolved,
and
of
5=
Ordered
to
Acfts
following
Rostrum $
C.
be
required
Buildings
the
the
of Repairs
Committee
the
sum
of $ 100,
for repairing the College.
Steward
College
during
to
to
exercise
the
a
Vacation,
watchful
and
of
Care
the
of
the
College
during
that he shall suffer no one to carry
also,
session
off any Kind of Fuel from the College Lands. -Resolved
that the Rooms
be Kept
shall
and
up,
occupied
returned
at
by Students
the
End
of
the
in College and in the Brafferton
Course,
by the Steward in
they were at the Commencement of the session;
he shall be indemnified for the Specific damages done by the Students.
the
same
IBID.,
P.
State
of
repair
as
and
345.
At a meeting of the Society held the 25 October 1828.
Resolved
open
that
precisely
that Professor
oClock
in
the
the
at
President
12
oClock
give
notice
by
next,
Advertisement,
large
Lecture
Room. . .
that
the
College
will
that he will then address the Students,
Monday
Rogers will deliver an Introductory
on
Lecture
on Tuesday at 11
�338.
IBID.,
348.
p.
At a meeting
of the Society the 29 October 1828.
that Mr Fitzwhyllsonn or Some other Agent to be determined upon
be instructed to furnish the College regularly with the following periodicals
Resolved =
The
The
The
review =
Edinburg
American
London
quarterly =
Taylor &
Phillips
chymiques
des
Bulletin
review =
quarterly
North
The
Sciences
The
Southern
review =
The Philosophical magazine
American =
mathematiques,
by
-
IBID.,
=
Le
physiques, &
350.
p.
At a meeting of the Society the 4th day of November 1828.
Resolved that in addition to the periodicals directed to be procured the
following shall be procured for the College to wit The
London
Journal
Philosophical
Legislation.
de
la
Science
la
RC
Academia
francaise
langue
and the
Litterature
New
Arts,
York
Medical &
The Jurist or Quarterly journal of Jurisprudence and
and that the following Dictionaries be imported for the College.
de
Diccionario
of
Journal
Gatel
par
7
Espanola:
3
ma
edition
eme
edition
Paris -
Madrid Diet.
Dictionaire
of
the
Italian
language by the Tuscan Academy of literature Arts And Sciences Resolved
the
that
College
IBID.,
pp.
a
cheap
passages
Laterns [ Sic]
untill
be purchased for the Purpose of Lighting
10 () Clock
at
night.
350- 51.
At a Meeting
of the Society held the 6th day of November
1828.
ordered that Gattels French Dictionary be purchased for the use of the Library.
Resolved
the
that
purchase
$
of
50 be paid by the Bursar to the Professor of N Philosophy for
Apparatus
to
be
made
by
the
Profr
�339.
AND MARY
WILLIAM
THE
BY
PHOENIX
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
BOY.
PLOUGH-
Folder
WILLIAMSBURG, (
WEDNESDAY
VA.)
MORNING,
of
prospects
moment informed
upwards
different
MARY
12,
I -
1828.
NO.
COLLEGE
College are indeed brightening every day.
We are
can
authority, that the institution
by unquestionable
of 60 students who have arrived for the purpose of attending
The
enumerate
NOVEMBER
Vol.
WA. &
its
Mss.
REPITON.]
i3RUFF &
this
15,
our
Professors.
-
There
-
is
reason
every
anticipate. . . that
to
our
College will ultimately be able to enumerate at least 80 young Gentlemen. . .
In
this
making
BOOK
THE
OF
we
computation,
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
take
no
notice
SOCIETY
of
OF WILLIAM
the
Grammar
AND MARY
School . . .
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
353- 54.
pp.
At a meeting of the Society held the 24th of november 1828
The Prest
for
laid before
Browne
D.
reed
Mr
Campbell
Mr
the Society Mr Campbell'
to
amounting
$
30. 25 [?]
Christian
of Mr
1
Bursar
s Ac/ c for books and maps bought
Dictionary $ 7 75/ 100 - $ 38. 00;
Greek
Mr Empie Laid before
for the Library U.
Pitkins
Cury'
of
Memoirs
Jacobs
American
Catalogue
of books
of
3
Gen:
Life
of
Richd
Life
of
3
Vols
2
4 00
Jackson
1
00
Lee
Scott'
3
00
Journal
Philos.
of Nepoleon
of
2
Mrs.
Montagues
of
Vols
5
00
Carter
2
50
Discourses
Morses
Letters
by
Indian
Gymnastics
Comstocks
3
Vols
2
Harper
Green
2 50
Youth
2
Grammar
50
3 00
3
Minoralogy
Eng:
25
2 50
2 50
affairs
South
Latrobes
Coopers
of
Dr
Polyglot
Barnards
2 50
Goodloe
Ro
00
4 00
Narratives
Porters
Works
5
&
Memoirs
Penningtons
Mrs
2 Vols
2 50
Math:
Life
s
H.
Lunaria
s
Ellicotts
00
3 50
Fulton
Arnold'
00
3 50
reader
Mechanics
of
purchased
6 00
Econ:
Politi
on
Pyrotechny
s
Memoirs
the following
Rittenhouse
Greek
Cutbush'
Leaving $
2 Vols
States
Essays
s
the Society
8100
62 in the hands
Campbell-
00
2 50
Africa
Grammar
70. 00
The
above
Library -
books
were
reed
by
the
Society
and
ordered
to
be
deposited -
in
the
22.
�340.
IBID.,
At a Meeting
Resolved
the
355.
354,
pp.
of the Society
the 1st day of December
that the President
College
pay the
will
may hire a negroe
hire
so
that
man to cultivate
does
it
1828.
his
exceed $ 50
not
in
garden,
consideration
that the College shall be exempt from any further charge for the cultivation
of the garden far the President --
IBID.,
355- 6.
pp.
At a meeting of the Society on the 8th December 1828
resolved
would
be
that
serviceable
Resolved
President]
he [ the
that
in raising
Judge
Semple
be
required
the College
be
requested
to purchase
Ladders
to
such
in case
procure
as
a rope
as
of an emergency.
shingles,
many
as
may be sufficient to shingle the eastern front of the College.
Resolved that the President be authorized to purchase Buckets for the
use
of
the
College.
Resolved
directed
LAWS
OF
the
erect
T.
a
AND
WILLIAM
Richmond:
Copy
that
to
W.
College
Battery
COLLEGE,
MARY
White,
under
the
somewhere
IN VIRGINIA (
date.
printer.
Mary
in William &
Carpenter
Fire [?]
No
College
Papers,
direction
near
by
in
the
it,
he
shall
Steward.(
No
p.
5]
be
admitted
or
used
at
No
permitted
be
to inspect
be
H.
Wilmer,
Pres'
t.
4]
1828]
the rooms
occupied
by any
damage being committed on the same during his residence
therefor
accountable
to
the
Faculty,
other
member
upon
the
report
of
1827)
other
person
as
other
than
boarder
a
table,
to
be required
Browne
College.
Wm.
ca.
2]
p.
The Steward shall
Student,
and in case of
Mr
Pamphlet)
Signed
Folder
the
of
except
person
lodge
at
Student,
the
beer,
than
within
a
a
the
or
College
cider,
Student,
College.
toddy,
a
of
No liquors
table.
or
spirits
Professor,
or
the
College,
shall
shall
be furnished
and water.
the
Usher
shall
be
�341.
Evdry
19th
damages
o'
clock
at
on
on
the
shall
shall
or
specially
no
more.
deface or disfigure the building,
under pain of restitution for
property,
in
at
play
of
any
us'.
in
the
front
( May
any
the
whatev
game
of
streets
r. . .( 19th
1796)
December,
Williamsburg,
after
ten
reasons.
College
who
(
into
go
for
a
16th
and
orderly
either
sports,
yard.
are
play-
studious. . .(
and
ground,
between
no
16th
Student
the two western
or
Scholar,
wings
of the
1795)
July,
garden,
contrary
to the wish of the
saunter
the
1795)
July,
away his
time,
1784)
be
shall
boy
the
Fil
shall
28th,
those
assigned
be
shall
the
Student
No
permitted
be
or
steps,
to
seen
during
playing,
or
school
lounge
upon
hours. . . ( September
1754)
Whenever
good
order,
to
p.
and
shall play upon any instrument of music during the forenoon. ..
on Sundays...
or any loud noises be permitted at any time
where it
in the passages,
College,
or in
any part of the
on
or
gardner.
of
be
interrupt
place
No
any
7th,
or
or
carry
College,
Students,
premises,
stairs,
A
College
unless for satisfactory
night,
disturb
may
two
injure,
any way
bet
shall
No Student
the
or
such as may be otherwise
done. . .
Student
No
except
if necessary,
other
any
Student
No
in
shall
or
statue,
College,
contain,
1796)
Student
No
all
shall
December,
the
or
in
room
appropriated,
a Professor
after
to
retire
his
LIBRARY.
11]
shall find it necessary for the preservation of
in College,
he may direct any Student or Students
light
candle
their
or
rooms.. .(
19th
1806)
February,
...
2dly.
No book
3dly.-
No books presented by the late King of France shall be lent
out
WILLIAM
AND
Statement
MARY
of
to
so received
Students.
COLLEGE
receipts,
PAPERS,
and
(
shall
be kept longer than a fortnight;
18,
November
Folder
expenditures
. . .
1806)
256,
Bursar'
from
July
s
Accounts
1827.
to July 1828.
044
1828
July
16]
" [
to]
the amt of Subscription
for a monument
Doct.
Wilmer
in memory of
20
00
�342.
Feby
8
Apr]
this
24
paid
for
a
sum]
sum
for
tube,
do [ this
"
to
conveyance
IBID.,
256,
Folder
Bursar'
s
62 87 1/ 2
Stove
and
box
for
maps
and
for
Dock
the
2 50
Accounts
Do ...
Library
1828
July
do [ to
"
this
sum
to]
for
Dew ( for
79 75
Books)
Books
Mr
1829
20 "
Jany
"
Cottern
BOOK OF THE PROCEEDINGS
pp.
OF THE
12 50
OF WILLIAM
SOCIETY
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
360.
359,
At a Meeting
of the Society
on the
5th Jan' y 1829
The following account for Books presented by Judge Semple was allowed by the
Society
Thomas'
Law
of
Edition
Martins
Randolph'
Law
s
Coke &
Term
Reports
29. 00
1. 50
5. 00
Nations
of
Reports
Register $
6-
Chetty
on
Bills
Blackstone $ 6 potticer ( pothier ?]
Newland' s Chancery practice
$3
on
obligations
An
account
Lexicon
of
Doct
was allowed
Jesse
Cole
of $ 6.
7----
9. 00
13. 00
4. 00
62. 50
Money
Balance
$
due
for
to
rec'
d---
80. 00
the
College
18. 50
Parkhurst'
s
Greek
and
[?]
English
by the Society
Resolved that Mr Page be allowed to cause the publication of 50 Copies
of professor Campbells treatise on Sphericks for the use of the senior
Mathematical
Class.
�343.
41111
IBID.,
361.
p.
At a Meeting
Upon
the
of the Society held 7th of Jan' y 1829
of
application
a
committee
of
the
students,
requesting
permission
to employ certain apartments in the College for the purposes of a Ball to
be given on the 22nd of Febry next In consideration of Economical motives
presented by an Committee
that they be permitted to
It
use
is
resolved
Hall
the
that
of
their
the
be
petition
Grammar
granted,
and
School,
the
and
Philo-
Lecture Room with this view;
provided that the Managers of the
the students individually shall during the period of recreation observe
the same attention to propriety of deportment es is required at other periods
sophical
Ball &
of the
Collegiate
course
A.
IBID.,
368- 9,
pp.
At a Meeting
E api
Prest
350.
of the Society
held 19th Jan' y 1829
Resolved that the President write to the Bursar and request him to procure
from
the
the
North
putty required
glass &
for the College.
411
IBID.,
pp.
371,
372.
At a meeting of the Society on Monday Febry 2nd 1829
Resolved
College
that
Mr Dew
to
windows,
be
sizes,
and the number
IBM,
pp.
At
a
378,
meeting
appointed
ascertain
which
the
a committee
total
require
to
Number
repair
with
examine
of panes
their
the
in
Condition
College;
of the
with
their
sizes --.
379.
of the
Society
on
Friday Feby 27. [ 1829]
Mrs Mary M Peachy having presented the Society with the portraits of Comissary
Blair
the
411
formerly
thanks
President
of the
society
of
be
this
and of his lady, It is resolved that
to her for this highly acceptable donation.
College,
tendered
�344.
110
IBID.,
At
a
388- 9,
pp.
of
meeting
On
Saturday
391.
the
Society
the
while
evening
Monday
on
6 [ 1829]
April
Society
in
was
Session
by
Candle
light -
it
was discovered that a quantity of water had been poured against the door of
the
Blue
passage
Soon
room.
and
fell
after
had
this
nearly
been
the
opposite
observed,
door.
a
brick
was
After endeavouring
thrown
in
without
the
Success
to discover who had been guilty of this disrespect the Society resumed its
with
deliberations
the
door
bricks were discharged
the
table
their
at
which
business
then
forced
open
and
noises
were
made
The
the
disorders
in
through
Society
the
Before many minutes had elapsed several
the windows of the Blue room which fell near
open.
were
adjourned.
bell
and
were
was
The Society having
completed
During the ensuing night the belfry was
for
rung
about
seated.
the
dontinued
several
hours,
and loud and boisterous
College.
on
Sunday.
The bell was rung for a short
time about 10 o' clock in the morning and again in the evening and at night.
On the following
Morning
lamentable
of
Scene
several
and
havoc
of the Apartments in College exhibited a
During the night the Blue room
Confusion.
and the Lecture rooms of Profs Semple and Pena had been forcibly entered,
the doors
of two of these
apartments
had been dragged
from their hinges,
and much of the Furniture which they contained had been broken injured or
defaced,
and several of the benches and a portion of a Stove thrown out at
the
Windows.
Morever after the adjournment of the Society on yesterday evening he*
discharged a quantity of water from the College porch as the professors were
descending
IBID.,
a
a part
of which
Some
Clarke]
Mr.
At
the Steps
pp.
A,
of them received. . .
Empi
Prest
392, ? 93.
meeting
of
the
Society
on
Tuesday
April
7 [ 1829]
After Subscribing the above promise they proceeded individually to state
the extent to which they had been engaged in the disorders of Saturday night
Sunday
Mr.
and Sunday
Syme[?]
Night -
stated that he rung the bell repeatedly and threw two pieces
of Brick into the Blue room on Saturday night Mr Clark that he had rung the bell on Sunday
Mr Adams that
Mr Fauntleroy
Mr
in
Simmons ]?]
Prof:
Pena'
s
he had rung the bell.
do --
dO--
do --
do--
Lecture
room.
and assisted
in breaking
the furniture
�345.
Mr Jones -
that he h d rung the bell
Mr Haskins--
rung the bell and assisted in injuring the College property.
Mr Willison
rung the bell -
Mr Boyd
Saml
Mr
IBID.,
At
A
Wilson "
did as much as any one- named- man".
413.
p.
of
meeting
4Resolved
the
that
Society. . . June
roof
the
of
the
8th
1829.
College
be
painted,
and that
the
Committee
be authorised to sell the old shingles for any reasonable price.
IBID.,
420.
p.
At a meeting of the Society on Monday June 29th 1829.
Resolved that the following works be purchased for the Library of the
Institution.
Rousseau'
Follen'
Works
s
de
Lecciones
German
s
Demosthenes
Dic.
Darby'
lectures
s
s
Spanish
Condoicet,
Histoire
Schlegel'
Guizot.
2.
vol
3
"
1 "
volume
of
25
1
50
1
discovery
1
vol
"
1 "
America
de
Charles
Siecle - -
eme
l' esprit
humain
75
s
Lectures
on
1 "
1 "
of the
the
t
1 "
South
History
l' histoire
II
1 "
d' Espagne
Literature
1 50
1 50
1 "
12
s
Sur
vol
1 "
du 18
l' Histoire
Essais
1
1 "
de
50
1
grammar
progres
de
Sismondi'
the
francaise
Litterature
Resume
one
Espa
book
plan
on
in
complete
Acad.
la
S S0 "
volume
Marchena -
per
Espans
Estraetos
Cubi'
de
command
American
one
1
a
grammar
Orations
portatil
in
complete
filosofia &
de
of Europe
of
Literature
France
2 "
2"
1 "
1
n
1 "
1 25
3 50
3
50
2 "
g 35. 25
411
�346.
IBID.,
422- 3.
pp.
At a meeting of the Society on Monday July 6th 1829
Resolved,
confine
That the Steward in cuting fire wood for the Kitchen fire place,
himself
to the pine
large
enough
for firewwod
growing
on the South
Side of the road leading to the Mill within forty yards of the road Resolved th_. the President and Profr Browne be authorised to employ such
t
hands
are
as
for
necessary
the
repairing
and
College,
to
cause
Such
repairs
to be made as havd been agreed upon by the Society.
IBID.,
pp.
Report
of
Also
430- 432., [
the
to
Faculty
in
the
1°
William &
Visitors
Prest
Empi
A.
College
Wm &
of
lary
Mary
Papers,
College.
Folder
57
Ms.]
July 1829.
The number of Matriculated Students this year is 67 which exceeds the last
this
were
year
The
by 13.
number
years
these
in
is
the
Classical
Scientific
Students. . .
Department
so
only to 46.
aggregate
number
amounting
that
the
Ten
of
of
Pupils
103.
As a multiplicity of small repairs were necessary throughout the Coll.
a whole years work of one carpenter has been bestowed upon them
although
one
can scarcely
discover what he has been doing.
There is, however,
The flat roof of Coll.
one
important
item in the account.
has for many years
past leaked in defiance of all endeavors to make it water tight, and this
means the building has been materially injured and several rooms were rendered
unfit to be inhabited.
This roof has been covered with long and broad shingles
water proof.
it is believed
to be perfectly
so
as
Not a drop has as yet been
buildings,
discovered
which
unsafe
newed
to
dormitories
the
rest
of
prosecute our
the Coll.
permit
as
inform
it
is
the
The
it.
was old and leaky
to
but
through
leak
likewise
we
is
in
also
roof,
the
the
we
whole
eastern
range
of
the
Coll.
Roof
and rendered some of the subjacent rooms
of being reshingled;
way
After having re-
shall
be
able
of
with
more
propriety,
and
effect,
the
Did the funds of
building.
it we should deem it important to press this work vigorously
to proceed
are compelled
We deem it proper to
gradually.
repairs
Convocation
in
the
that
we
interior
have
written
for
and
received
through
Mr Barbour
bur late Minister at London a certified copy of the original charter of
Wm &
Mary Coll. as cases may occur in which it would be an important legal
Document.
Our
Library
recently
independently
law
library
too,
for many years has been in a State of disorder,
Books have all been marked
and numbered
and
which
arranged.
library
has
The
of the
been
contains
law
[
300]
the
volumes.
present
number
of
volumes
is
3260.
The
�347.
WILLIAM
AND MARY
of
Statement
COLLEGE
receipts,
PAPERS,
and
256,
expenditures
Bursar'
from
Folder
July
s
1828
Accounts
to
July 1829.
of
Income.
1829
Jan
17]
"[
to]
Apr
6]
"
Glass
for
the
College
49 82
Apr
6]
"
Nails
for
the
College
35 --
June
Ro.
Copy
for
Riddick
of
freight
the
Charter
nails,
Shingles
of
the
glass & c
drayage
Folder
Statement
of
256,
Duvall
Bursar'
Income=
College
to
40 14
Wmburg
2 25
25
2 57
do
McNeman &
IBID.,
180.--
s
for
putty
Accounts
received,
and
paid
away,
from
July 1829,
to July 1830
1829
July
8]
"
do [ to
pd.
Mr.
Empie]
to pay
for
120 --
repairs
00 .
BOOK
PP.
OF THE
437,
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
SOCIETY
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE,
QI81.7-,1830],
438.
At a meeting of the Society Wednesday Octr 28th 1829.
Resolved
that
three
that
a
yards
of
green
baize
be purchased
for the Philosophical
room -
Resolved
blackboard
000
Modern
Language]
be
made
for
the
M.
L.*
School.
�348.
IBID.,
At
a
441,
pp.
443,
of
meeting
444.
the
Society;
Monday Novr 9th 1829-
Resolved That the following regulations in reference to the Library be adopted1st
The Librarian shall keep a book in which he shall regularly enter every
taken
volume
out
together
the
with
name
of the
and the time when.
receiver,
He shall annually report to the Society at the meeting before the public
Examination
in
all
done
damages
of
the
June,
to
Society;
the
the
State
of
books,
the
Library,
he shall keep an account of
and exhibit it at the first Subsequent meeting
and he shall keep a Catalogue of Such books as the Society
of the Students.
may recommend to the perusal
Shall be arranged under different
heads,
In
this
Catalogue
the
books
According to the different Subjects
treated
of in there.
2d
None shall be permitted to take books out of the Library but the Profrs
and
Matriculated
volume
3d
at
Students;
nor shall
any Student
take out more than one
a time.
No Student shall enter beyond the Librarian1s Counter when the Library
for the
is
open
delivery
any book from its place.
4th
The Members
books
they
of
books,
nor shall any be permitted
of the Society may through the Librarian
and
please
keep
them
long
as
find
they
as
it
to take down
take whatever
necessary.
Bur all
books must be annually returned to the Librarian by the first of June that
he
have
may
time
to
make
out
his
report
to
the
Society.
No book belonging
j3o the Library shall ever be carried away further than the City of Wmsburg,
except by Special permission.
Resolved
That
quarterly
in
the
Sallary
advance
out
of
of
the
the
Librarian
shall
fund,
Library
be $
30 per annum payable
being the Ampunt paid to the
Librarian for the last two years.
Profr Pena resigned his office of Librarian.
A.
IBID.,
At
a
p.
of
the
Prest
444.
meeting
Resolved
Empi
that
former
of
the
Dabney
Society.
Browne
Librarian
who
tuesday,
be
Nov.
appointed
resigned
his
10th
1829.
Librarian
office
at
of
the
the
College,
last
meeting.
in4lace
�349.
WILLIAM
AND
Faculty
MARY
COLLEGE
Minutes;
PAPERS,
Resolution
56,
Folder
to use
chapel
Ms.
instead
of blue
room
for meetings
of visitors]
Resolved
the
That the
Chapel
be assigned
and Set apart
for the Convocation
of
Visiters,
Should they prefer it to the Blue room in which their meetings
are usually held By order of the Society - C. de La Pena Sect
ROBINSON
Letter
There
BOOK
Folder
Eustace
Robinson,
John
at
are about
445,
a
3,
Ms.
Richmond
fifty
10 Nov
Vault]
Lcollege]
at
students
OF
College
[
Robinson,
OF THE PROCEEDINGS
pp.
At
PAPERS,
from
Williamsburg,
to
his
father,
1829.]
in the College. . .
THE
SOCIh' 1' Y OF WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE, [
1817- 1830],
446.
of
meeting
the
Society;
tuesday Novr 17th 1829.
The Frankilian Society reque:' ted through their Committee that they might be
permitted to appropriate an apartment in the College for their permanent and
exclusive use,
and having desired the Assistance of the Faculty in fitting
it up as a hall of debate.
Resolved that the Frankilian Society be allowed the selection of a room from
the
to
three
employ
unoccupied
the
apartments
College
Carpenter
on
for
the
a
upper
period
floor
not
of
College;
exceeding
two
be permitted
weeks,
and
be
furnished with from two to three hundred feet of plank to be applied in suhh
manner as they may deem proper.
IBID.,
At
a
p.
449.
meeting
of
the
Society;
tuesday
Novr
24th
1829.
�350.
C.
Hall' s Account for reviews
allowed
furnished to the Library was presented
Resolved that the reviews ordered
procured from January 1828.
Resolved
That
Silliman'
Resolved
That
the
the
of
the
a
s
Journal
of Sciences &
c be taken
by Hall be
from January
1830-
Americana,
a work lately translated from
and those
Edinburg Encyclopedia:
and London Quarterly reviews be procured -
Encyplodia [
remaining
Quarterly,
a year ago and not furnished
sic]
numbers
of
the
451.
of the
meeting
Dew.
the
the
Edinburg
p.
Prof.
on
and
German,
IBID.,
At
and
$ 30. 00
Monday Novr 30th 1829.
Society:
having presented to the Library of this College a Copy of his Lectures
restrictive
Resolved
That
IBID.,
System.
453.
At
a
p.
meeting
a vote
of
Resolved
That
read
ordered
the
of thanks
Society:
be accorded
and
IBID., [
no
page
At a meeting
to
be
last
laid
Dew for his
donation.
tuesday Decr 8th 1829 -
Map of the U.
price $ 10 be purchased
for the Library.
The Steward having presented the Statement
TannerTs
to Profr
on
the
S.
and
memoir
required
on
of him
the
17th
recent
ult.
Surveys
it
was
Table.
number]
of the Society held the 29th day of December
1929.
Ordered that the Comee of Repairs furnish 100 feet of scantling for Desks for
Frankn
use of the
Society, and the carpenter may be employed for that untill
the
Christmas
�351.
Mr Empie according to order made a report on the subject of laying out the
Library fund now in hand in the purchase of Books for the Library which was
ordered
to
be
laid
on
the
Table:
SOO
SHELDON
PAPERS,
Folder
2,
William and Mary College Archives]
Ms. [
College of William and Mary
Jacob
To
Sheldon &
Dr
Co,
1829
Jany
Feb
March
June
3 lb putty
14
16
6
1
stock
4
lb
5
4
a
1
29
Sept
7
16
12
30
1
1
2
10th
1
23rd
order
p
do
2
order
G.
38
87
knife
drawing
"
" --
6/
brush
scrubbing
lb bar Iron
4
at
white
wash
lb Spanish
brown
quires
4. 6,
ditto
1
d
1/ 2
gallon
linseed
p
75
87
order
It
9d
oz.
30
1
phial
2
2
bladders
5
1
Keg
1
p de
g linseed
Ink
24
1q
1. 13
50
3. 00
19
Pena-
a
order
shoes
Prt
4. 00
do
3 1/ 2 $
oil 1. 25.
1 pr
p
of
do
5. 75
do
do
lb
lead
do
1. 70
1. 60
1$ )
10)1
a
Rogers
do
40
Putty,
white
17 lb putty
do
16 "
17
50
1. 25
50
oil - - -
Prussian
blue a 1/ 6 - - Spool Cotton 9d p Professor
4 yds R Diaper 6/
5 lb chalk a 10/ - - p order of Prest
Profr Rogers
3 yds floor- cloth a 6/ - p
28
89
1. 88
order
p Joe
p
a
69,i
paper
soap 9d
brush
4
27
1. 28
5/ 3
40
20/
1
26
Nov.
4QJd
J.
per]
5/ 3
do
2"
13
16
Aug
Oct
nails
pier]
2/ 3
lock
"
27. 44
1830,
Cr
19th
By
Cash
reed
July
Jan.
last
AND MARY
per
Bursar
former
for
bill
amit
due
rend6red &
COLLEGE
at
1st
)
5. 70
allowed )
1830
due,
Balance
WILLIAM
of the
PAPERS,
Folder
256,
Bursar►
s
21. 74
Accounts
Dr. . .
Library
1829
July
Deer
8.
24
To
this
sum
do
to Mr
De
paid
La Pena
for
Books
for
Books
35. 25
43. 75
�352.
1830
Jany
Feby
14
do
Mr
27
do
Collins &
Mar:
30
do
ditto
Folder
IBID.,
A
CATALOGUE
Empie
do
do
45. 00
106. 88
do
Co
208. 73
61.
OF. ..
AND MARY
WILLIAM
COLLEGE
FOR
SESSION
THE
OF
Printed)
1829- 30. (
5] . . .
P.
The Scientific
and
October,
Courses of the Institution
the
with
exception
of
Law
the
commence on the last Monday of
terminate on the 4th of
Course,
July of every year.
at the opening
6] The Law Course commences
on the Sunday before the last Monday in April.
p.
of the
and
College,
terminates
7] . . .
p.
Students
Law
are permitted
The
are
not
required
to
to do so if they think
School
Grammar
on
opens
attend
any
of
the
but
classes,
other
proper.
the
first
of
and
October,
closes
on
the
first of August.
The
but
his
may board
to exceed
Scholar
board
is
not
p. 8]
107.
Whole
IBID.,
of
with
one
the
of
Professor
hundred
dollars
Humanity,
for
the
or
elsewhere,
Course.
pages 6- 7.
number
The necessary expenses
of which
113-
matriculates,
there
are at present
in college
of a regular Junior Student for the whole Course are as
follows:
Board
and
Washing,
Three
One
Lodging
Fuel,
Candles, &
Fees -
entire
half
for
Fee
Matriculation
for
the
Fee,
100
the
Moral,
Metaphysical
which entitles
Mathematical
and
Courses - -
Chemical
Course
00
20
c
00
60 00
10
00
the Student to the use of the General
Library
5 00
195 00
The
above
The
expenses
amount -
expenses
Board,
Tuition
of
a
regular
inasmuch
of
Washing,
a Law
Senior
Student
as he is required
Student
Fuel, &
are
as
are
ten
dollars
less
to enter only three
than
the
classes.
follows:
90 00
c.
Fee
Matriculation
20
Fee,
which
entitles
the
Student
to
and
the
Law
use
of
the
Library
00
5
00
115
00
General
�353.
BOOK
OF
At
THE
a
of
meeting
Resolved,
AND
At
a
works
MARY
Governor
W.
of
B.
this
so
the
WILLIAM
purchase
of
many
459.
in his report,
will
All
purchase.
are to be procured.
MINUTES [
Wednesday
Society:
1817- 1830],
1830.
fund
that
as
COLLEGE, [
P.
the books contained
them
FACULTY
COLLEGE
AND MARY
January
5th day of
in the list
COLLEGE
of
meeting
Library
or
OF
SOCIETY
the
Socidtty
fund
Library
the mathematical
WILLIAM
the
that the President
the
with
OF THE
PROCEEDINGS
1830- 1836],
10- 11.
pp.
febry 17th 1830 -
Giles having through Professor Dew presented to the
Resolved
University a Copy of his political miscellanies.
unanimously That the thanks of the Society be tended to his Excellency for
his
and
valuable
very
acceptable
Resolved,
present.
That a Copy of the
foregoing resolution be communicated to him by the President.
The
President
reported
books and periodicals
the
which
of
amount
whole
a/ c be approved
directed
that
he had
received
from
Collins
and
Co
several
in compliance with the order lately sent them the
as
account
per
and
copied
$ 106. 88 -
is
into
our records
Resolved
whereupon
and that
the
Bursar
That
be
to pay the same.
Richmond feba. 6th 1830 Wm &
College
Mary
Revd
by
A.
Fmpie
Bought
1.
Websters
1
De
1
Ferguson'
s
1.
Irving'
English
2.
of
Collins &
calf
24 "
Federalist
Lome
Dict.
on
s
in
1 "
Constitution -
English
l
1
Gummere'
arround[
sic]
1
Life
Patrick
Henry
1.
Moore'
1.
2
vols.
1
Long' s Expedition
Irving' s Columbus
3
vols
1.
Arnolt'
Physics
1.
Life
Box
Surveying
Life
of
1
38
Roman
History (
cents,
Cash
- "-
1
and
attlass
-
7
Sheriden
Elements
-"
2
Hawaii
.
3
3
1st
vol.)
carriage
per
"
"
50
13
4
stage
75
cts
1
review
5 "
do.
5
N.
No
or Quarterly
1 March
Sulliman'
Cash
s
journal
Carriage
American
journal
1827.
6.
Ii
5
Edinburg
Jurist
63 [
5 "
Quart.
London
to
Subscription
Southern
American
for
50"
66 "
Dr
62.
8
Ledyard
1 Nieburks
-
4
Tour
s
75.
"
50-
Composition
1.
s
5088-
Institutes
1
s
Co
of jurisprudence
vols.
commencing
No
1.
vol.
17
commencing
9 .
6 .
25.
bundle
40 .
25.
106."
88
sic]
�354.
That the Librarian
Resolved
and ascertain
purchased.
IBID.,
a
of
meeting
The President
from
of the books
ordered
examine
the condition
by the Society to be
13.
p.
At
the prices
and the President
Society:
reported
19.
whom,
the
March
that he had received
8
vols.
tuesday
the
vo
of
Laws
the
2d 1830 -
from Washington
S. (
U.
Journal
not knowing
of the House
of Rep) .
Ordered that the books proposed by the President
library, with the exception of Skakespeare' s works
IBID.,
that
about
meeting
of
between
a
for the
to "$
188- 75-
15- 16.
pp.
At
be purchased
amounting
eleven
the
the
Society:
and
entering the building
discharging missiles
twelve
the
and
College,
tuesday March 9th 1830.
bell
o' clock
was
noises
That
rung:
were
three
and
door
the
of
records
nearly
Blue
the
of
of
in
of
and
are
thrown
door
one
room
Society
destroyed
among which
College by
panes
furniture
of the
the
at
door observed
of
and
the
one
lecture
the
broken
kept
of the
windows
of
rooms
in
and
Professors
presses
the
persons
President'
on
the
in
records
fire
s
second
therein,
open;
the
in
three
made
the
in disguise
house,
by
which several
of glass were broken. . . Tha.t they met the same indivipanes
duals. . . in the main passage near the foot of the Staircase. . . upon Ascending
to the Belfry the Professors found that a number of Students were collected
there. . . That the Professors.. .
heard the rioters engaged in breaking the
windows
by the north
loud
floor.. .
which
the
mutilated
three
of
the
and
maps
place;
heap
is the large and elegant 14ap of our State presented to the
the General Assembly torn and otherwise much injured.
all the
in
glass
this
a
department
eighty
in
number
broken
to
the
pieces:
tables and two of the books of the Society defiled with human ordure and
filth; .. . and
other
less
polluted.
Pena'
s
Lecture
of
glass
broken:
whole
found
of
the
the
furniture
in
the
broken;
said
the
room
door
more
or
of Profr
lamp
one bench destroyed and thirteen panes
the door of the Belfry torn from its hinges and partly
four panes of glass in the Belfry and two half- sashes
They
room
broken;
Seventy
destroyed
the
forced
passage
open;
and the black board in the large lecture
room thrown down and
broken.
IBID.,
At
pp.
22- 23.
A meeting
of
the
Society:
tuesday-
March 16th 1830 -
Professor Dew having delivered to the Society the works of Bentham which
he
had
be
refunded
purchased
to
for
him
by
the
our
Library
Bursar.
for $ 11- 25;
it
was
ordered
that
this
Sum
�J55IBID.,
24.
p.
At
a
of
meeting
SResolved
the
Society:
tuesday
march
23d 1830 -
thLt the President be allowed to keep his cows in the back yard
of the College
Resolved,
that
that the Steward be not permitted to put any of his Stock into
and that he be required to move his Stable yard out of the
yard,
College
Resolved:
enclosure.
that the South gate of the back yard be locked and the key
deposited
IBID.,
p.
with
the President
28.
At a meeting of the Society tuesday Apl 13th 1830 64
Col B Bassett having through Profr Steward presented to the Society
two pamphlets on the Subject of rearing the silk- worm Resolved
IBID.,
p.
That the thanks
of the Society
be tended
to him -
41.
At a meeting of the Society tuesday June 29th 1830 moo
The President informed the Society that he had received for the College
Library from the General Assembly of the State the following works Hening'
s
of the
Senate &
Statutes
at
large -
House
of
Randolph'
Delegates -
s
reports -
amounting
in
Virginia.
all
to
27
reports
volumes
Journals
-
Where-
upon it is Ordered that the Same be deposited in the Library.
IBID.,
At
p.
a
42
meeting
of
the
Society:
Wednesday
June 30th 1830 —
eGlip
Resolved that the Carpenter at present employed by the College be hired for
the ensuying six months in the same terms as heretofore
IBID.,
p.
51.
At a meeting of the Society July 6th 1830
Resolved that the chapel be assigned and set apart for the convocation
visitors,
should they prefer it to the Room in which their Meetings
are usually held
of
411
the
�356.
OF THE
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
Thos.
Richmond:
Folder
for
the
Let
1.
and
Lodging,
to
of
use
the
day
Brafferton
wise
appropriated,
have
the
of
use
to
cause
Masters. ..
a Table
called
be
to
man. . .
enable
of
part
for
cultivation
for
the
rent
a
and regulating
the
1830.
to
be
kept
at
College,
to furnish Board,
Steward.. .
from the last Monday in October in each
Let the Steward so appointed have the
July. . .
House,
and all rooms in the College building not other—
College
use
the
(
to
him
and
Board
Garden,
College
and a sufficiency
of his
Kitchen)
the
as
Lodge
Let
Students.
him
also
and so much land adjoining
of pine wood from the land around
Faculty may direct. .. free from
therefor.
Let the Steward receive from each Student who may apply for Board
2.
and
Papers,
of
College
any
Coll.
Mary
accommodations. . .
other
fourth
the
and
of
Steward,
July 6th,
Passed
President
the
management
the
under
the
of
government
Table.
College
year
VIRGINIA
. ..
Statute
A
Wm. &
Pamphlet,
IN
AND MARY,
WILLIAM
OF
5]
5]
p.
1830. [
White,
W.
COLLEGE
and
Lodging,
fire,
for the
whole
one
course,
hundred
dollars...
If any Student shall require the Steward to supply him with candles
course,
he shall pay the Steward twenty dollars
3.
and washing for the whole
for the whole course...
as
Students
written authority from their parents
produce.. .
permit them to board elsewhere than at College, be allowed
except at a tavern,
to board within the City of Williamsburg,
which is
expressly prohibited...
Let
4.
or
such
to
guardians
No servant
9.
College
10.
after
from the Brafferton
House
shall be allowed
to go into the
except when sent by the Steward to wait on a sick Student.
night,
Let the Faculty
require the Steward to keep the Brafferton House and
by his boarders in decent order and repair, without
And if injury shall be done to any room in Brafferton
any expense to College.
occupied by Students,
House,
College,
or in
the Student or Students occupying
the same,
shall cause such injury to be repaired as soon as it is discovered
by the Steward. . .
p.
8]
p.
9]
College
in
rooms
occupied
List of text books used in the several courses at College.]
'
Resolved,
That the
Chapel be opened for religious
exercises a.t
such
hour each day of the week as the Faculty may designate. ..
p.
11] .. .
7.
Grammar
The
terminate
on
the
School
first
day
shall
commence
of August.
on
the
[ Passed
first
day
6 July,
of
1825.
October,
and
Remaining
unrepealed.]
8.
and
The Professor
accommodation
of Humanity
of
such
shall
Scholars
or
keep a Boarding
Students
es
may
House
attend
for the reception
his
class,
other
than the children of those persons who may reside in the vicinity of the School.
The
accommodation...
shall
include
board,
lodging,
fire,
candles,
and washing,
and the professor shall receive therefor the sum of one hundred dollars from
each
Scholar
boarding
with
him... [
Passed.. .
1825]
�357.
REGULATIONS
17]
p.
5.
and
Every
room
OF
in
THE
SOCIETY.
College. ..
shall
if necessary,
contain,
two
Students,
no more.
14.
The Grammar Scholars are forbidden to go up stairs in the
except in the necessary discharge of their duties.
College
Building,
17.
No Student or Scholar shall engage in the usual sports in the public
between the two western wings,
or apartments,
or in the front yard.
passages
19.
20.
or
Ringing the College
No
the
Student
Statue,
shall
Bell is strictly prohibited.. .
in
any way
deface,
injure,
The Students who do not room in College
23.
or disfigure
the building,
or any other College property. . .
shall not be there
after
candle—
light without permission from. a Professor.. .
28.
of
No Student
the
or Scholar
shall
go into the garden
against
the consent
President.
Morning prayers will take place in
before the first Lecture in the morning.. .
the
32.
Chapel
day,
every
immediately
004
p.
LIBRARY.
20]
1.
The Library shall be open from 12 to 2 o' clock on every Saturday,
when
Students
book
and receive
attend,
from the hands
of the Librarian
the
desired.
may
2.
3.
to
No book so received
No
presented by
every
The
Librarian
volume
6.
No
taken
Student
for
shall
out,
shall
the
delivery
book from its place.
open
STEWARD,
2.
he
late
the
of
King
France,
shall
be
lent
out
Students.
4.
is
books
shall be kept longer than a fortnight.. .
No
of
be
book,
a
with
beyond
enter
books,
BOARDING, &
shall
meals
keep
together
sent
in which he shall
the
the
name
of
the
Librarian'
s
regularly
receiver
counter,
and
enter
the
time
when.
when the Library
nor shall any be permitted to take down any
C.
into
the
private
room
of
a
Student,
unless
sick...
3.
in
be
The Steward shall cause every lodging room to be twice swept and put
order
All the passages and steps
daily, and scoured once a fortnight.
stairs
shall be swept daily,
and scoured
once a month.
good
abovd
Note:
printed
Laws
and
copies
Regulations
in William &
for
Mary
year
1835,
College
1837,
Papers,
1840
folder
almost
5.]
the
same--
�358.
MARY
WILLIAM &
COLLEGE
PAPERS -
the
Faculty
to
of
Report
Folder
the
57
Visitors-
ms.
July 1830]
064
The
classical
of 105.
of
number
has
matriculations.. .
our
department
exclusive
of scientific
been
64.
students
The
number
41 making
in
the
an aggregate
. ..
The repairs
better
now
in
the
Chapel
a
admitted
of the college
have
been
though we may be permitted
completed,
be
to
again
to
for
than
condition
fitted
many
but are not yet
years
building
is
The Society has ordered
past.
Every stranger that visits us asks to be
up.
And its condition
it
slowly progressing
to say that the college
for some
time past has been
such as to
shock not only transient visitors but the religious sense of the community.. .
our Library has this year received an addition of 180 volumes consisting
Our library together with our philosophical and
chiefly of modern works.. .
chemical apparatus stand greatly in need of some augmentation. . .
IBID.,
Folder
Ms.
50,
S July 1830]
of Visitors,
Meeting
R&solution
Ms.
relative
exercises
such
the President
may
WILLIAM
service
that the
torn]
ous
to
as
in Chapel]
chapple be open
at
the
such
fac.
may
or such others
in
approve
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
FACULTY
MINUTES [
1830- 1836]
pp.
52- 53.
At a meeting of the Society held the 14 July 1830.
Resolved,
that the steward present to the Society at their next meeting a
report of the actual condition of the rooms in College occupied by students,
dpring the last Course and also of the state of his dwelling house. . .
IBID.,
p.
59.
At a meeting of the Society on the 2d day of November 1830.
Mr.
Gresham the Steward according to order made a report on the subject of
the state of Brafferton House and the Rooms in College used by his Boarders,
which was on motion laid on the Table.
Same
report
in William &
Mary Faculty
Minutes,
18,30 L36,
pages
45-
46.
�3596
IF
ID.
64- 65.
pp.
a
At a meeting of the Society the 7th of Decr 1830
Mr Greshamthe steward having applied to the society to assign him some
to
cut pine wood,
it is ordered that he be permitted to cut pine wood
place
to burn in his Kitchen fire place off the College lands laying within 80 yards
of
road
the
from
leading
Town
the
to
on the
Mill &
College
south side of the
road,
but he is to cut wood for one fire place only and not to cut wood or
timber from any of the College lands for any other purpose or from any other
place.
of water
road
the
that
Resolved
on other
ferton &
the
Resolved
gate
with a view to promote the health of the tenants of BrafHouse & c.
Presidents
that
report by what means the Ponds
can be effectually drained and the
enquire &
side of the College
firm,
rendered
of Repairs
Comee
the
all
when
materials
obtained &
are
necessary
in place
the
Comee of repairs may allow the College Carpenter to erect a Battery for the use
of the students at some
nated by the Comee
IBID.,
a
of
meeting
the
Soc
that
the
Society
Resolved
that
the
Soc --
WILLIAM
Monday
on
Resolved
gardener
place
in the College
back yard to be desig-
68.
p.
At
convenient
for the ensuing
the
PAPERS
Library "
Jefferson'
s
Memoirs".
45 dolls for the hire of a
Pres.
year --
COLLEGE
1830
the
for
purchase
allow
27.
Decr
AND
MARY
Dr
Folder
257
BurEar'
s
Accounts
Library ...
1830
To
Sept
this
for
sum
Books
furnished
do
pd
1831
do
for
Jany 14
do
for Mr
Decr
7
WILLIAM
At
a
AND MARY
meeting
COLLEGE
of
the
Mr
by
Collins & Co
Books
FACULTY
Society
for
furnished
Jefferson'
on
65. 94
Empie
122. 81
do
do
Ditto
s
78. 70
Books - - -
by
Mr
12 50
Empie
10 --
Memoirs
MINUTES [
1830-
Monday
Jany --
1836],
p.
69.
3rd 1831
Jefferson' s Memoirs were purchased of Mr Dew at the original subscription
price
viz.
--
S10- 00
�360.
IBID.,
70- 71.
pp.
At a meeting of the Society on Monday Jany 17th 1831 The
to
upon
of Mor
Professor
deliver
ludicrous,
proceeded
in
the
behind
table
a
manner --
He
him --
llth
the
on
inst
Geo.
Morrison whan
F.
called
--
after having mounted the Stage -to pull off his gloves and place them on
unbuttoned
then
that
reported
Philosophy
speech
a
coat --
his
drew
out
his
ruffles
so
as to make a full display of them and having adjusted his vest and brushed up
a blunder
at
he
hair --
his
in the
last
first
bow much
his
made
sentence
which
than
lower
was
corrected
was
proper --
he
assumed
Having made
a voice
add
gesture so outre and ludicrious as were calculated and seemed obviously intended to excite laughter by giving on air of ridicule to the whole performance -that
resolved --
Whereupon
Profrs
Rogers
Browne &
be
appointed
a
committee
to confer with Mr Morrison in reference to his deportment as above described --
IBID.,
73- 74
pp.
At
a
of the
meeting
to
Previous
the
of
meeting
the
this
faculty
1831 -
31 -
Jan
Society, Monday
one
morning --
of the Profrs
having observed that several of the chairs expressly intended for the Blue
had
room,
the servants
to
ferred
them
the
to
all
Chapel --
and being informed by one of
of the college that other chairs of the same set had been transremoved
been
of
rooms
Blue
the
to
College
the
certain
students
commanded
--
servant
the
when
room:
applied
the
servant
for
them,
to
those
return
in whose
rooms they were placed did not restore them but stated that they would hold
themselves
Proft
servant,
back
the
the
with
together
said
for
responsible
but
chairs
to
which
one --
member
was
a
chairs
of
chairs
the
request
the
injury,
any
another
retained
the
present,
sent
He
returned
with
time --
Mr Wm
Whereupon
suffer.
then
Faculty
second
by
might
M Robinson --
all
The Faculty
being now in session sent the servant again with an oral message for the
in Mr
chair
to
refused
a
written
apartment —
Rs
into
signed
to
belonging
6hairs
it
deliver
order
by
the
The
his
the
Blue
Whereupon
Mr
R in
it
reading
the
-
Faculty
to
relation
reported
that
Mr
R.
had
Whereupon the Faculty gave the servt
stating that they wished all the
hands --
room --
to
be
appointd
Mr
restored
to
that
Apartment --
The
this order to Mr R he tore it in pieces
at the same time using
the
and
Secretary --
servt reported that upon presenting
without
retd
servant
which
circumstances
threatening
language
towards
him-
Mr Browne a committee to confer with
Dew &
had
transpired --
The
committee
having sent a verbal message to Mr R desiring his attendance in the Library -he
refused
with
to
The
violence --
purport
as
the
the
admit
servt
who
committee
This
message --
conveyed
the
message --
and threatened
him
then addressed him a sealed note to the same
he refused to read and threw from him without
opening.
He
of
subsequently
copy --
statement
and declz:red that his deportment was the result
He was afterwards
misapprehension.
written
a
appeared,
in
explanation
of
his
requested to transmit to the society a
conduct-of which the following is
�361.
On
111
Abraham
monday morning
for a Chair belonging
to
he
said) by the order of Judge
the chair being then in use
and supposing
the servt was acting only by a general order,
I refused it He came again saying that the Judge said he would come for it himself if it
was not
immediately returned.
This manifest falsehood confirmed me in my
first impression and I sent the fellow away.
He returned with a paper Semple
which
handed
he
probable [
affair
and
that
the
me
without
a
came
to
me (
the
word.
as
College --
did
I
not
read
it,
but tore it supposing
that some of the students below had become apprised of the
sic]
wished
of
rest
to
the
at my
be merry
had been
chairs
Abraham says he informed me
expense.
returned
by
the
other
students --
it
is
possible he may have done so in his unintelligible way but I really did not
hear
and
him.
I
or
I was afterwards informed by one of the students that Messrs Dew
Browne
would
sombre
have
mute
I
which
waiting for me in
gone down to them
were
handed
me
supposed
that
Finding
hand
another
would
the
be
was
Library.
immediately.
billet.
in Mr
not
the
This I utterly disbelieved
On my return from dinner the
I merely looked at the superscription
Rogers'
his,
hand if it was from the Faculty.
I treated as another attempt to quiz me.
This is all that I recollect of the matter which I passed over very carelessly
at
the
time.
I did not know until Profr Browne called on me that the Faculty
viewed my conduct in a serious light and I was sorry to find that they suspected me of wilful and deliberate disrespect towards them.
IBID.,
At
p.
a
75.
of
meeting
the
Society
Questions asked Mr. Morrison
before the Students.]
4—
Tuesday Feby
on
1.
1831
regarding his conduct on making a speech
In mounting the Rostrum and while there was it your effort and intention
to acquit yourself in as appropriate a style as your knowledge and skill in
recitation
the
would
enable
you to do?
Whereas during the session of the Faculty this afternoon a noise resembling
report
passage
of
or
a
some
pistol
was
apartment
heard
near
twice
the
Blue
successively,
room --
as
Resolved
if
in
that
the
college
Profr
Semple
and
Rogers be appointed a committee to confer with the students residing in college
as well as such others as were then in the building in reference to the Cause
of said noises -
IBID.,
75- 76.
pp.
At a meeting of the Society on Thursday Feby 3- 1831
The committee appointed at the last meeting having completed the investigation with which they were charged made the following report The
com:
proceeded
to
summon
before
them,
individually,
the
students who
reside in college and such as were present when the noises alluded to in the
Record
of
the
1st
inst.
,
occurred
�362.
next
The
first
twice,
pistol
lower
summoned,
was
who
the
in
Mr
Jas
upper
M
stated that he had fired
Scott,
afterwards
passage,
nec--.
r
the
door
of
a
the
and that no one else had any concern whatever in the fact;
passage,
he further stated that when he first fired he was not aware that the Faculty
in session,
but that the second time he knew they were, .. .
was
IBID.,
79- 84.
pp.
At
a
of the
meeting
Society
on
2nd [ 1831]
March
Wednesday
The President stated that the Society had been convened for the purpose
of inquiring into the noises and disorders which have recently occurred in
The following is a recapitulation
College.
the
to
come
of
Knowledge
the
Society,
of the circumstances
indicating
a disorderly
which have
disposition
on the part of some one or more of the Students -
On Monday afternoon loud and boisterous noises were heard in the room of
Wm M Robinson and at the same time 8 or 9 panes of glass in one of south
windows of that Apartment were broken successively and as if with deliberate
intention.
On the same day much noise and disorder
the
both in the lecture
Class,
Rhttc
occurred during the meeting of
room and in other parts
of the
college
building.
On Tuesday afternoon several Ladies in passing through the College
and as they ascended
to the Belfry their delicady was shocked by the indecent exhibition of the
utensils
door
of the Bed chamber
Wednesday (
On
of
the
the
with
insulting
noises,
which had been intentionally
while
and
a
Musical
the
Profr
approached
instrument
was
nearer
engaged
the
was
in
door,
placed in their view.
played
upon,
the
the
the
Profr
Lecturing,
after
near
and
had
that they should be stopped.
that
Resolved
Whereupon
above
room
and
loud
morning)
continued,
sent to request
confer
this
Lecture
were
sounds
with
greeted
were
enclosure
students
Messrs
residing
Dew
in
and
Rogers
College,
in
be
appointed
reference
to
committee
the
to
occurrences
enumerated.
IBID.,
80- 81.
pp.
At
a
Meeting
of
the
Society
on
Saturday
March
5 [
1831]
The Committee appointed to confer with the students in college on the
in the last record,
and disorders
specified
of the noises
presented
subject
the following
report -
1
Mr Jones
participation
concerned
When
they
situation
stated that he was in the Rhetorical
in
the
noises
and
disorders
which
class
occured
on Monday and had no
there,
neither
was
in the noises which were made while the ladies were in College first entered the college building, he placed a chamber pot in a
where
it might be observed
by them in passing, but afterwards
he
�3636
reflecting upon the
reached
the spot in
substituted
for
the
stair,
college
it.
by
the
instrument (
musical
it
was
he removed it before they had
act,
the
He
placed.
further
stated
that
the
article
broken,
and finally another
He also stated that on wednesday
while descending
morning,
and walking through the passage,
he played upon a little
replaced
afterwards
was
of
impropriety
which
one
some
then
else,
not knowing that any one was Lecturing at
Eolina)
the time
but that when he was requested by a messenger from the Profr to
discontinue the sound he immediately obeyed.
Another person then took the
from him & played upon it. . .
instrument
Mr Robinson stated that he assisted in breaking the glass of one of his
but had no concern in the noises which were heard at the time . . .
out on tuesday, and partaken
of Champaign until he had become
windows,
dined
Having
he returned to college and meeting with one of the
intoxicated,
quite
and afterwards
replaced
his
it by a Kick,
way he broke
This he
procured from a student who was standing by.
did because murmurs had arisen in consequence of his having broken the former
and because although he understood that there were some women on the top
one,
After the ladies had
of the College he did not know that they were ladies.
it
by
in
utensils
chamber
which
one
he
left the College and while they were in the yard he threw one of these
utensils
out
of the
in
window
of
front
the
The committee
college.
further
stated that previous to the present meeting Mr Robinson informed them that
the day after the glass was broken in his room he procured the materials
for restoring it.
WILLIAM
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
AND
Expenditures
Bursar' s Accounts
257
Folder
July 1830 to July 1831]
1831
March
WILLIAM
At
AND MARY
this
FACULTY
COLLEGE
Empie
and Browne
MINUTES [
the committee
inquire into the practicability
of the
Mr
pd]
sum
front
After
college
enclosure
1830- 1836],
14-
of repairs
purchase
pp.
Shingles - -
150 --
82- 83.
1831
having
been instructed
to
of draining the ponds in the neighborhood
report
examination
attentive
an
to
Empie
meeting of the Society on Monday March
Report of Committee
on repairs]
a
Messrs
[ to
ditto
8
as
follows -
of the
ground,
the
committee
think
that
the
pond on the Brafferton side may readily be drained by opening a communication
from
it
to
the
channel
the
on
south
of
side
the Main
Street --
This
communi-
cation as it would traverse the street which passes immediately by the college
gate
are
would
require
disposed
to
to think
be
covered
may
be
for
drained
short
a
by
The other pond they
distance.
conducting
the [
sic]
water
into
a
subterranean passage which they have discovered in the rear of Mrs Daybrooks.
This
channel which appears
to be similar in structure
to the main
college
sewer leads from the cellar of the Prests house to the ravine in the rear of
Jno
Dipper'
s
and
was
originally
built
for
the
purpose
of
discharging
the
water
�364%
which
collected
there
in
but if repaired
would
furnish
north
of
side
leading
street
the
of
College
it would not
Whereupon
the
the
into the passage
large
quantities.
It is pt present chocked up
a ready means of draining the ponds on the
enclosure.
Only a short ditch would be necessary,
above described and as this would not traverse the
require
Resolved
that
to be covered -the
committee
of
repairs
endeavour
to
ascertain
cost
of opening the above mentioned passage and of draining the ponds in
manner
they recommend -also the expense of repairing the main sewer
the
College.
IBID.,
pp.
83- 84.
a
meeting
At
of
the
Society
on
Monday
March
21 - [
1831]
The Society requested Mr Browne to engage the Steward to superintend
the drainage of the ponds in the manner recommended.
IBID.,
88.
p.
a Meeting of the society held the 16 of May 1831
A[ t]
MrEmpie
for
of
January
the
Amer:
N.
WILLIAM
Report
reported
the
that
he
Quarterly
review,
AND MARY
of
the
1831,
all
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Faculty
to
the
had
received
of
review
of which
were
Folder
Board
the
the
Edinb:
same
review
date,
delivered
to
and
the
No
the
104
711
Librarian.
57 ms.
of Visitors
July 1831]
00.
The
as
might
opening
of
reasonably
the
Chapel. . . has
have
been
been
anticipated.
attended
with
as
much
effect
No
�365.
The number of Scholars in the Classical
37 -
of
44. ..
total
Students
the
a
of
variety
the
Department
in
the
this Course has been
other
Scientific
been
has
at
engaged
faithfully
his
irs & miscellaneous work the Chapel
rep_..
with Benches & he has for some time past
painted &
furnished
preparing
posts & paling
W.
the N.
wing
shingling
12 &
Departments
Students at the Institution 93. . .
Carpenter
smaller
Course
Law
Scholars &
Coll.
of
in
the
of
Yard.
Coll.
Coll. &
the
He will afterwards
duty &
besides
has been repaired
been
occupied
be engaged
in
in
in repairing the interior of the
Building particularly the Students lodging rooms.
IBID.,
257
Folder
Bursar'
Expenditures
s
Accounts
July 1831 to July 1332]
1831
2.
July
REPORT
To
OF THE
Ms.
this
sum
FACULTY
William
TO
Mr
paid
THE
Rogers
VISITORS
and Mary College
OF
for
Chimical
WILLIAM
58. 92
agents
MARY
AND
COLLEGE [
1831- 1835]
Library]
July 1831]
1- 2
pp.
The opening of the Chapel considering the terms on which it was opened_
has been attended with as much effect as might reasonably have been anticipated. .
p.
5
It is proper however to observe that the lectures
regulated by the prescribed
text- Books because
been
on Government
Locke &
have not
Rosseaus
Social
Compact could not be obtained although every effort was made in due time to
obtain them The Professor believes however that his lectures
have
been
full
as
subject
the
on
any
other,
almost
time
as
by
in the
exclusively &
Prof.
being quite
above
Prof.
Languages
cited
the
on that subject
the 1st Book of Vattel treating of that
original
matter
introduced
copious and comprising
from
time
to
every thing important
text- books
Pena having resigned no lectures
during the last Course
have
been delivered
on Modern
Oee
Some
of the
members
fall & there
being
Presidents family having
reason
to
believe
that
been
this & the
long & very ill last
other
cases
of
sickness
usual here from year to year have been caused in part by the ponds of water
constantly collected on the Jamestown, & Richmond roads in the vicinity of
the Braferton and President' s House the Society have thought proper to
cause these ponds to be drained
p.
6
With the exception of two months during which the College Servant was
sick & Abraham
faithfully
miscellaneous
benches &
periling
was
engaged
work
obliged
at his
the
to
take
his
place
the
Coll.
Carpenter
wing of
the Students
the
coll.
Chapel
He
been
has
been
a variety of smaller repairs &
repaired painted & furnished
with
he has for some time past been occupied in preparing
the
has
duty & besides
will
yard
Coll. & in repairing
Lodging rooms
afterwards
be
the interior
engaged
in
posts &
shingling
of the Building
the
N.
particularly
W.
�366.
WILLIAM
At
MARY
AND
a
of
meeting
Resolved
the
FACULTY
COLLEGE
that,
the
those
1830-
ofi Wednesday,
society
of
members
be a committee
summer,
MINUTES, [
the
1836],
94.
P.
July the 6th 1831.
who remain in town during
society,
to superintend and direct the repairs
of the
College.
Ordered
repairs
direction
that
the
Committee
of
a
The
the
of
Wm
in
society
repairs,
the
Oct:
be provided
of
the
Society
appointed
the
to
of the
sta.ted-
Smith. ..
one
the
report
s
which .. .
wine
room
of
meeting
to
be
cause the fire- places in the
1831.
29."
for the stoves,
101- 102.
committee
Mr
the
that Elbows
Steward'
vited
of
meeting
pp.
At
s house
House to be Rumfordized
Ordered
IBID.,
President'
97.
p.
a
the
the
of Mr Gresham.
presidents
At
near
road,
the
the
Ordered
IBID.,
of
that
under
completed
in
rendered
15
confer
night
College. ..
him
so
certain
students
mentioned
in
presented the following Statement: --
the
on
1831
with
13 Inst.
that
rooms
Dec:
sick
of
8th
the
Inst.
he
was
that he had dru} k a small
as
to
compel
his
return
in-
quantity
to
his
own
Brafferton. ..
he returned
to his
chamber
before
the ringing
of the 10 oClock
Bell.
which facts were confirmed by the testimony of his room mate Mr Jarvis.. .
The
them
state
of
committee
and
of
intoxication
drinking
IBID.,
At
p.
a
likewise
wine
reported
He
interrogated at
stated
the
that Mr Jno Jones
that
Steward'
porter & bounce,
s
on
the
own
of
the
Society
Decr
20.
1831.
was
also
instant,
table. . . that
in his
102.
Meeting
8th
room. ..
he
had
he
called
before
was
a
been
in
in
the
habit,
�367:
The
of
accounts
Holt
timber were presented
The
account
likewise
IBID.,
a
Doct. [---
Mr Huletts [?]
of $ 160
hire
for
Abram, & $
65 for
tin]
for
account
100
of $ 9.
posts $ 20.
cedar
was
allowed
for plank.
108.
p.
At
of
Richardson
and allowed
of
meeting
but
Mr
the
Society Jane
24th
1832 -
present
all the
members
Dew -
The Profr of Law at the request of Society having conferred with Mr
Bucktrout
Mr
on
the
Subject
of
the
Carpenters
work
required
in
college,
and
B.
having agreed to give his own labour together with that of a negro
carpenter
for $ 50 per month the Society accepted his proposal,
requiring
that he should commence in May next.
IBID.,
111.
p.
At
a
meeting
Resolved
411,
of
the
Society
on
that Joe be permitted
Tuesday
Feby
to cultivate
28 -
1832
for his own use one Square
of that part of the College Garden which is not appropriated as a garden
by the Steward.
Mr Empie reported that while the quarterly examination of the Junr
Moral class was going on a rude assault was made on the door of the Large
lecture [ room ?]
as though some one was attempting to kick or burst it open.
IBID.,
pp.
111=112.
At a meeting of the Society on Tuesday March 5 1832 Mr
a
Empie
horse
but
College,
through
also
Chas
reported
into
Byrd,
T
M.
the
that
on
the
5th
inst,
some
of the
At
pp.
a
Burfoot,
passage
of
the
college,
and
of
Society
that
afterwards
Messrs
and M T Dickson mounted the same horse barebacked
112- 115.
meeting
introduced
and escorted and paraded him not only through the lower
upper
and then rode with him through the streets of Wmsburg. . .
IBID„
students
on
Thursday
8th
Mach
1832
�368e
Mr Byrd stated that on the 5th Inst he brought a horse up to College,
led him into the building and rode him repeatedly up and down the passage
and that he rode the same animal
and into the College porch,
stairs,
barebacked through the Streets of Williamsburg above
000
IBID.,
115- 117.
pp.
At
a
of
meeting
the
Society
10th [ 1832]
March
Saturday
on
Mr Rogers stated that the following circumstances had occurred on the
preceding
evening.
While on his way from the college to the Brafferton he was met by Chas
Byrd one of the students upon whom sentence had been passed by the society
at
former
the
After
meeting. . . .
Byrd]
parley [ with
short
a
Mr Rogers
retired,
and as he closed the Brafferton door Mr Byrd brandishing his stick cried out
to
he
that
him
had
a
to
mind
cowhide
A few Minutes
him -
afterwards
while
Mr
Rogers and a friend who was staying with him at the time were seated in his
apartment
the
in
Mr Byrd knocked at the door which was opened
Brafferton -
by Mr Rogers .. .
of
the
time [
this
During
in
students
Jno
W Jarvis
of
passage
from an
residing
Thos
Jones,
the
to
his
which
interpose
of
apartment
without
did
the
locking
others -
Robinson
collected
apartment,
of Mr R'
door
a
viz
pistol]
Wm
several
Smith,
Jno
in the upper
but apparently
none but Wm Smith and Thos P Giles attempted
danger,
they
Alfred
the
near
with
Rogers
and
Brafferton
the
Giles &
P
Brafferton,
apprehension
to
threatened
Byrd
while
door
on
Mr R retired from the passage
success...
the
The
inside.
supper
bell
ringing
Mr B went down stairs where by the statement of the Steward he exhibited
by
the
Steward
in
still
to
his
room
and
Mr
IBID.,
At
swearing
Soon
time
with
god
of which
damn
was
Wm
Rogers...
locked -
in the lower passage was
After Supper Mr R being
Mr B returned
and knocked
He was afterwards heard speaking to persons in the
that
afterwards
observed
he. ..
would shoot the damned Scoundrel through the
Mr
T
Mr
Byrd
retired -
Jas Scott
Dickson &
Mr Gresham who was below stairs at
descending the stairs in company
Byrd -
pp.
a
door
the
supper was over a student
exclaim
Several other voices were heard in the passage and near his door by
R. . .
the
to
admittance. . .
obtain
passage
heart.
Mr
Before
excitement.
great
heard
117- 118.
meeting
of the
Society
on
Monday -
March
12
1832-
In view of Charles Byrd' s conduct]
Accordingly the following order was transmitted to the Prosecutor for
the
Commonwealth -
�369.
Ordered that the Prosecutor for the County of James City be requested to
institute a prosecution against Chas W Byrd for an assault committed on
Wm B Rogers in the college yard on the evening of the 9th inst and against
the
said Byrd and Mallory
T Dickson
for assault
committed
by them on the
said Rogers at his room in the house of Joseph Gresham in the said county
on the evening
IBID.,
of the said 9th inst -,
120.
p.
At a meeting
of the Society
on Saturday March 17 1832
Judge Semple reported that during his Lecture on the 15th some person
in the college passage made a loud noise by Screaming and holloaing and
continued
this
until
annoyance
arrived
he
Second
the
on
floor,
after
which
a loud thumping or Stamping as if in the upper passage or Blue room was
Subsequently a great noise was made at the large Lecture room door
as though some heavy matter had been thrown against it and at length the
heard.
door forced open by a broom which fell on the floor of the Lecture room.
IBID.,
120.
p.
At a meeting of the Society on Tuesday March 20th 1832 The
statements
of
the
Steward
in
his
report
for
the
last
week
as
well
as other circumstances which had come to the knowledge of the Society being considered the following Resolution was adopted Whereas
on
the
there is reason
15th
Inst
and
was
to believe
under
Table, -
that he was concerned
and in making loud noises
Day,
the
large
Judge
Lecture
Semple
room
and
Mr
while
Browne
the
of
liquor
had been
at
the
drinking
Stewards
in breaking glass in the College on that
in College and throwing agst the door of
the
be
that Mr Lightfoot
influence
Profr
in
was
appointed
a
Lecture, . . .
committee
to
Resolved
that
investigate
these
irregularities.
IBID.,
121.
p.
At a meeting
The
of the Society
committee
appointed
to
on Thursday
examine
March
Messrs
22nd 1832 -
Lightfoot &
Jones
reported
as follows Mr [ P
in
a
C]
Store
effects
of
Lightfoot
stated-
on
the
15th...
it
but
was
not
When
that he recollected
at
the
intoxicated.
Stewards
He
having drunk
Table
broke
an
afterwards
old
Sash
some wine
he
felt
having
the
some
�370.
in
glass
room,
it
[
belonging
to
it
the [ lower]
through
College
and some pieces
from
the
the
upper
College
and
passage
of Coal against
that the Professor
Resolved
of
one
by throwing
-
which was lying
windows]
porch.
in his
He made some noise in passing
the
ascending
Stairs-
threw
the door of the large lecture
a
broom
room not knowing
was lecturing -
that he be required
immediately
to withdraw
from the Institution,
that he leave the College premises and Brafferton within twenty four hours and
that he quit town by the earliest
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS
opportunity.
Folder
257
Bursar'
s
Accounts
Library
1832
Dr
April
To
7
this
sum
paid
Ro
J
Smith
ditto
May
AND MARY
COLLEGE
Books [
per]
ditto
ditto
WILLIAM
for
Mr
FACULTY
...
acct - ditto-
-
Empie
MINUTES [
100. 24
67. 08.
15.
1830- 1836],
pp.
128- 129.
At a meeting of the Society on Tuesday May 8th 1832
Mr
Saunder'
Mr
Smiths
IBID.,
p.
s
Acct
Acct
for
of $
64. 00 for plank was allowed -
Books
amounting
to $ 70. 00
cts was allowed.
129.
At a meeting of the Society on Tuesday May 15 1832 The following is a copy of the Statement made by the President to the
Students
in
College -
The Society
according
to the Resolution
from information
reed have
reason
of the 8th.
to believe
that there
has been among the students boarding at the Brafferton a good deal of drinking
of gambling in their rooms or elsewhere .. .
IBID.,
p.
130.
At a Meeting of the Society on Tuesday May 29 1832004
Whereas the Society understand
at the
parties
recently
given
at
that many of the Students have been present
the
vacant
house
of Mr
De Neufville -
�371.
IBID.,
At
133.
p.
a.
of
meeting
Resolved
the
Society
that the Main
Tuesday
on
college
The following Regulations
gate
June
19 -
be forthwith
1832 -
repaired
were adopted
Whenever the Society inflict upon a Student boarding at the Stewards
the
punishment of suspension or any other of a higher order, Such Student
Shall before sunset on the day this punishment is announced to him ciuit
both
the Brafferton &
The College
and take his board
and lodging,
in the
City.. . In_ all the above cases the Steward is hereby forbidden to furnish
the Student with either board or lodging after the time above mentioned. . .
IBID.,
At
137.
p.
a
of
meeting
the
Society
on
Tuesday July
2 [
1832]
The Society authorised Mr Rogers to have the Copper- plate of the
Diplomas
so altered
both
the
Mr
for
Law &
Stewart,
presented
by the omission
of certain words as to be suitable
Arts.
formerly Profr of Mathematics
the Society
with an inkstand
in this Institution
having
to be used at their meetings--
Resolved that the thanks of the Faculty be tendered to Mr S for this very
handsome &
appropriate
IBID.,
138- 139.
pp.
Number
evidence
of his friendly
of Pupils in the Several Departments
at William and Mary College]
Junr
Mor -
22
Junr
Maths
19
9
Senior
Maths
Junior
Po1it
c )
Senior
Polit
c )
Chemical
NatL
y[]
Philos.
34
23
12
Law
12
Classical
37
Total
Srs
Grand
Total
or
Scs
53
86
recollection.
for the Session
of 1831- 32-
�372.
ORDER
OF THE
COLLEGIATE
INTRODUCTORY
EXERCISES
ON THE
FOURTH
OF JUI, Y
PRAYER.
ORATIONS.
ORATION
1.
Day - la Ro. B. Somervell.
present prospects of our Country
ON The
la Ro. K. Irving.
on the effects of Enterprise on the condition of Society -
2.
on
3.
the
by
EULOGY
7.
ORATION
the
Glory
on
4.
5.
6.
Sam' 1 H.
on
the
Nature
Patrick
on
of Ancient
and
on
the
Time
of
on
the
Ruins
10.
on
the
Benevolence
Creation
11.
on
the
by
Love
of
S.
of
John
D.
Murdaugh.
Stubbs.
our
and
of
WA H.
Martin.
Maclin.
History
9.
Wm.
Happiness -
of William &
Influence
Political
of
John
Liberty -
and
Greece -
Value
Henry - by
by Wm J.
on
8.
Early.
the
the
Mary College
Country of
Mutability
Deity,
as
on the Literary
Lemuel
J.
Bowden.
Tho.
Empires
displEyed
in
the
Works
Wallace
of
Wright
Robert
la
Country -
DEGREES DELIVERED TO THE CANDIDATES
H.
Armistead
BY THE PRESIDENT.
BACCALAUREATE ADDRESS.
CON6LUDING
PRAYER.
WILLIAMSBURG,
July
BY T.
PRINTED
G.
VA.
FACULTY
OF THE
Ms.
Library
1832.
BROUGHTON,
NORFOLK,
REPORT
4,
TO
OF
VISITORS
THE
of the College
WILLIAM
of William
COLLEGE [
1831- 1835]
and Mary.]
28
p.
AND MARY
July,
1832]
February, the students began
almost universally to relax their studious and literary efforts while the
For,
ball,
of
Some
together
interest &
became
tasted,
the
22-
of
with its preparations
conversation,
once
before
weeks
only
pleasing
more
last
and enjoyments
became
anticipation.
the cup of pleisure
enchanting -
the main topic
The ball of the 22nd in one way
or another produced private parties tending to keep up the foster the spirit
of
amusement
and
dissipation
for
weeks,
and gradually
led to those
indulgences
and irregularities which the society were several times compelled to visit
with
more
were
so
or
less
guarded
satisfied with
themselves
to
severe
as
to
simply
study
animadversion.
escape
the
escaping
until2about
severer
them,
six
Yet while the students
penalties
of
the
laws,
generally
they seemed
nor did they again ser1ouslk, devote
weeks
before
the
close
of
the
Session -
Jr
�it is according
Besides,
to our law Sufficiently
ascertained
for the moral
that in consequence of some misunderstanding
originating
purposes
in the Ball room on the night of the 22nd four of our students were tempted
to act in such a manner as to leave them no alternative but that of withdrawing
of
from
the
discipline,
Institution.
We would
therefore
again
respectfully
suggest
to the
convocation
the ex-
pediency of abolishing the February Ball p.
31
The
have
delayed
to
arrangements
Carpenter &
College
of the
sickness
somewhat
the
Necessary
four
employ
repairs,
the inclemency of the winter
but the Society have made
from this time forward until all the
hands,
repairs immediately necessary have been completed -
WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS
Folder
57 ms.
Report of the Faculty to the Board of Visitors
the number
of
number
in
the
it may be
85. . . .
Ins.
of Scholars
students
Law
worthy
in the
Class
of
Classical
Department
has been
37
the
the entire number of pupils at the
14...
remark
July 1832]
that
at this
time
there
are
35 [
sic]
youths training in the Classical Department whereas during mapy years of
Mr Madison' s Presidency there was no Grammar School in the College.
4,
41,
4
The
of
sickness
delayed
somewhat
the
the
College
necessary
the inclemency of the winter have
Carpenter &
repairs.. .
the Society have made arrangements
to employ 4 hands from this time forward until all the repairs
necessary have been completed.
WILLIAM
At
a
AND MARY
meeting
Resolved
be
IBID.,
At
in
p.
a
of
the
Society
on
MINUTES [
Monday
that as but few Students
dispensed
lating,
FAULTY
COLLEGE
with,
the
Blue
1830- 1836],
Octr
29 -
immediately
141.
p.
1832 -
have arrived the usual
opening Address
and that the Faculty receive those desirous of Matricuroom.
141.
meeting
Mr Warren'
s
of
Acct
the
for
Society
on
Wednesday
bricklaying,
Nov 1 [ 1832]
amounting
to $ 3300
was
allowed.
�374.
IBID.,
143.
p.
At
a
Society
30 dolls --
to
amounting
the
from
Resolved
the
8.
Jan/
Tuesday
on
having purchased
Mr Bright
said
of
meeting
1833-
a quantity of plank
College --
that
Mr Browne
be
empowered
to regeive
Sum.
IBID.,
155.
p.
At
a
Meeting
of
the
Society
the
on
of
25th
June [ 1833]
A copy of Morrisons Grammar of the Chinese Language presented by M C Ralston
EsqL
of
Phila
to
the
of
Library
the
College
was
recd &
the secretary
requested
to convey the polite acknowledgements of the faculty to the donor.
IBID.,
155.
p.
At a meeting of the Society July 3rd 1833
Resolved
that
the
AND MARY
WILLIAM
of
the
number
of
scholars
no
of Pupils
at
Cholera
was
For
raging
to
Faculty
The Law Course
suspended.
been
PAPERS.
COLLEGE
Report
entire
sell the Lot in
likewise the Lot in Wmsburg -
Richmond &
The
requested to
authorised &
be
Bursar
the
which
two
all
Institution
57 ms.
of
Classical
the
in
Folder
the Board
Department
around
before
us,
and
July 1833]
has
been
39.. .
the
58 -
last year added
months
Visitors.
the
as
14 to our number
College
it
was
opened
deemed
has this year
last
almost
year. . . Asiatic
certain
that
it
would visit Wmsburg the friends of the Institution were deterred from sending
to Wm &
wards
Mary.
as to the repairs of College they have to observe that besides smaller
improvements,
the North West Wing of the College has been shingled and the
their
children &
large Apartment on the ground floor of that wing has been divided into two
for
the
better
accommodation
of
the
Classical
making to shingle the rest of the buildings
411
Schools.
Arrangements
are now
as all of there much need it.
�373.
COLLEGE
AND MARY
WILLIAM
FACULTY
1830- 1836]
MINUTES [
July 1836,
p.
157
At a meeting of the Society on Monday July 8- 1833
Mr
Professor of Mathematics,
recently appointed
appeared & took his seat with the faculty -
Present
all --
Resolved unanimously
this
having duly
Saunders
Ro.
qualified
that Judge James Semple formerly Profr of Law in
be waited
Institution
by
upon
respectfully
committee &
a
requested
to
of Lectures on Law in Wm & Mary College during the ensuing
of 1833 & 34 & that he be informed that the members of his class
deliver
a
Session
course
will be entitled to all the privileges
College
soon
as
they tkatriculate - &
as
of regulor Law Students in this
that
Fac:
bhe
of
course
will
lease
him to regulate the fees according to his discretion -
TO THE VISITORS
FACULTY
THE
OF
REPORT
COLLEGE [
1831- 1835]
Library of the College of William and Mary.]
Ms.
July 1833]
52- 53
pp.
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
Of• the conduct of the profrs the Society express the Same favorable
opinion
college
west
havd
they
of
wing
to
College
the
in
contained
is
as
shingled,
been
and as to the repairs of
report -
besides
that
observe
has
last
Smaller
and
the
improvements,
large
apartment
the
in
north
the
ground floor of that wing has been divided into two for the better accommodation
the
of the
a
meeting
of
as
all
of them much
FACULTY
COLLEGE
the
arrangements
schools -
buildings
AND MARY
WILLIAM
At
classical
of the
rest
Society
MINUTES [
Tuesday
on
are now making to Shingle
need
it -
1830- 1836],
Oct.
p.
161.
29. [ 1833]
Resolved that the profr of mathematics be authorized to have the
black
boards
WILLIAM
AND
Albany
William
are
but
put in order.
Argus,
and
four
or
COLLEGE
MARY
Nov.
Mary
five
15,
PAPERS,
Folder
16,
Mss.
1833]
College
students
seems
in
fast
going
attendance.
to
decay.
It is
said that there
�AND MARY
WILLIAM
At
a
of
meeting
COLLEGE
the
FACULTY
Society
Dec.
Saturday
on
1830- 1836],
MINUTES, [
21,
164- 65.
pp.
1833
The profr of mathematics was authorized to purchase a copy of the
Cambridge
IBID.,
Calculus"
165- 166.
pp.
At
a
The
for the use of the Library -
of
meeting
president
AND
WILLIAM
the
allowed $
was
MARY
of
Petition
Society
COLLEGE
for
50.
PAPERS,
a
governors
additional
endowment,
of
to
the
just
year
closed.(
1833)
50.
Legislature asking for an
Va.
printed]
The
for
gardener
Folder
visitors &
31 [ 1833]
Dec.
Tuesday
on
nearly
number
100
are
now within
her halls approximates
150,
of whom
youths
in the higher walks of science. .. But the revenues
engaged
of the college are annually exhausted in necessary and indispensable expenses.
The
buildings
require
alterations,
institution more independent
The
professors.
want of means to
Finch,
so
additions,
it
about
are
necessarily
as
to
make
of students
for the
neglected,
the
and
actual
them...
I.
TRAVELS
IN
London:
I
grounds
improve
and
repairs,
of the town for accommodations
THE
UNITED
1833.
STATES
James
crossed
the
AMERICA...
268- 269
pp.
Williamsburgh,
OF
River
ancient
at
ferry, and pursued my journey to
the
capital
of
Virginia,
the
seat
of
William
and
Mary' s College...
William
of
the
I
called
the
s
College
is
a
fine
building,
and
has
a
statue
court-
yard.
The number of students has lately
in consequence of the establishment of Charlottesville University.
King[
declined,
from
and Mary'
in the
on
sic]
of
one
the
delapidation
Professors
of the
to
obtain
building,
or
a
some
view
of
other
the
College;
cause,
I
could
but
not
gain a view of the interior.
04.
11
WILLIAM
At
The
a
AND MARY
of
meeting
president
represented
by
COLLEGE
the
was
him
FACULTY
Society
authorized
unfit
to
on
to
serve
MINUTES, [
Tuesday
7.
p.
166.
1834
garden fence repaired,
purpose of an enclosure --
have
the
Jan.
1830- 1836],
the
it being
�3771
TRID.,
167.
p.
At
a
of
meeting
the
Society
on
Tuesday
Jan.
21 - [
1834]
The president was authorized to receive the money for which the old
shingles
which
(
were
taken
from
the
president'
House)
s
have
been
sold,
from the persons who have purchased them. -- . . .
IBID.,
168.
p.
At
a
of
meeting
the
Society
Tuesday
on
Jan.
28. [
1834]
Mr Gresham was allowed to remove a grate from one of the College lodLing
to
a
rooms,
in
room
the
Brafferton,
on condition
that it
be replaced
when
required --
IBID.,
p.
At
a
169.
of the
meeting
Society
on
Tuesday
Feb:
25 [
1834]
The president was authorized to havd put up the enclosure between the
back
yard &
IBID.,
At
p.
the
beyond -
to
consist
of posts &
railing -
171.
of
Meeting
a
field
college
the
Society
on
Tuesday
March
18 [ 1834]
On motion it was resolved that the president be authorized to employ
a man to put in order the two clocks belonging to the College -
IBID.,
At
A
be
p.
a
172.
meeting
request
permitted
of
of Mr
to
the
Society
Stewart,
on
late
borrow
Taylor'
of
Society
s
Saturday
March
27 [ 1834]
in
profr of mathematics
mathematical
tables for
this
a
College,
limited
t
period,
o
was
granted -
IBID.,
At
p.
a
172.
meeting
the
on
Tuesday
april
8. [
1834]
The prest was authorized to employ a carpenter to repair the roof of the
South
wing
of
the
College
�37g,
IBID.,
At
186- 187.
pp.
a
of
meeting
On motion
the
it was
resolved
Society the precise
the
storm
of
the
Society
on
Monday
that the
June
23 [ 1834]
Steward
be directed
to report
to the
extent of the damage done to the College premises
21st
by
inst -
060
IBID.,
187- 189.
pp.
At
a
Thestew_ rd'
of
s
and
out
on
damage
received
done
and
is
to
as
25 - [ 1834]
June
Wednesday
as directed in the proceedings
College,
follows -
large folding door and frame with some brick work,
one window
sash & 36 panes of glass
with new work;
replace
on the south side of the same building -
likewise,
East
to
Society
of
House -
Brafferton
blown
the
report
was
inst -
23.
of
meeting
of
end
blown
sashed
3
same,
in
(
or
half
50 panes
windows)
of glass
wanting
North
broken;
west
of
side
&
of
end
Brafferton
of
a
do -
8
Kitchen
whole
blown
windows
of
panes
glass
in -
broken &
glass &
sashes
chiefly
cellar cap started -
a small part broke off by the fall
shaft;
chimney
Lrge
ends
door
folding
End sic]
Front broke) -
1
4
sash
broke &
4 small sashes
of glass besides -
school
a part
large
down,
room
of which
windows &
in those
to make
window &
2
sashes
with
some
half
brick
work -
also
ones
the
to put up again blown
ones
up the deficiency
or
glass
and one and a half large
may answer
small
3
47 panes
windows
in glass enough
in the other windows in that end-
blown
in:
(
some glass not
also 22 panes besides in windows not blown in -
President'
besides -
to
therein -
North
1
wings -
also 43 panes
partition
enough [
of
end -
south
building -
side &
broken -
also
7
besides -
tree -
College
West-
do -
7 panes
s
House -
cellar
cap
one
thrown
window &
down -
one
one
sash
door
broken in
the
24 panes of glass
garret, destroyed- privy
destroyed-
The
broken,
privy to the College
in the College -
also
destroyed-
and
one
door
frame
thrown
down &
�379.
43
of
panels
around
paling
the
blown
garden,
down -
profr Saunders was appointed a Comee to receive proposals
from workmen,
to do the repairs above mentioned -
IBID.,
191.
p.
At
a
Professor
It
reported
with
an
that
dollars
that
the
be
paid
he
had
assistant,
30 - [
contracted
1834]
with
Mr
Deneufville,
a
for fifty dollars a month -
contract
to Mr
June
Monday
on
be
confirmed -
Deneufville,•
On
motion
it
was
resolved
to pay his expenses in going to
to purchase
there,
materials
necessary to make
be taken & an account
required from him of
repairs &
the
c -
and
disbursement
-
Mr. Galt, (
permission
the
Society
receipt
a
it
work
resolved
was
Norfolk &
of
to
fifty
that
the
Saunders
Carpenter,
that
of
meeting
dam
The
is
who
in
possession
to cut a few pine trees
of the Mill -
president
was
of
the
Mill
the
near
on the College
College
land)
requested
land to repair a breach in
which request was granted authorized
to
employ
a
workman
to
plaister & to
do
the
plain brick work necessary to be done about the College -
IBID.,
At
p.
a
193.
of the
meeting
MrBrowne'
acct
s
for
Society
on
Tuesday
Salary
as
Librarian
July
1- [
1834]
to $30-
amounting
was presented
passed The
Bursar'
acct
s
presented & passed
IBID.,
p.
the
fund
Library
amounting
1834 ]
of pupils
in the Several
1
classes
A. _ Enpie
1833- 4 -
Senr
political
Junr
Moral
7
Junr
Mathl
13
6
Historical
Law
of
to $ 134. 42
Nations
cents
was
leaving in bursar' s hands a balance of S103. 92 cents -
196.
July 3,
Number
with
7
9
Prest]
�3gc:
Chemical
11
Senr
Mathl
Nat.
philosophical
2
8
Rhetorical
14
Classical
40
Total
18
Scientific
58
NB.
7 of the regular students attended the Classical dept Making the whole
No47 II
IBID.,
At
of
201.
p.
of
Meeting
a
the
Society
Monday July 14 - [ 1834]
on
The president was authorized to have the trees cut down at the Western end
the president' s House & of the Brafferton,
which ovdrhang the roofs or those
buildings.
203
p.
The
to
remaining
profrs.
superintend
care
of
such
terms
WILLIAM
the
of
the
The
to
them
entire
of
Repairs
of
the
anew.
WILLIAM
Presidents
than
AND
At
a
It
was
MARY
meeting
of
have
house &
200
of
resolved
the
that
been
an
was
referred
the
in such Manner and on
economical -
Visitors.
has
4 belong
58.
been
July 1834]
18 &
the
to
prosecuted
the Kitchen
as
the
of Pupils
No.
Scientific
heretofore &
of the Brafferton
from the recent
among
have
Tornado
in
Classes -
other
been
cannot
so
shingled
be repaired
Dollars
FACULTY
Society
committee
a committee
57 ms.
of
Students
whom
however
to 250
COLLEGE
Board
Pupils. ..
sustained
from
expedient &
Folder
the
44 of
College
The injury
for less
to
Scientific
number
things
PAPERS,
were appointed
back yard enclosed
garden &
most
seem
Faculty
Department
and to that
affairs -
may
COLLEGE
the
number
Classical
that
College
College
AND MARY
Report
the
the
the
having
as
in Town during the vacation
on
MINUTES
11830-
Wednesday
application
be
1836],
July 16 - [
made
to
the
pp.
203, 205.
1834]
executive
of
the
State
�381.
for
of
copies
such
been
having
same
profr.
Saunders
REPORT
OF THE
Ms.
law
granted
to
FACULTY
TO
the
the
ascertain
the
as
works
THE
College
College
books &
not
has
law - &
by
received -
The
Resolved further that
be
authorized
OF
VISITORS
yet
a
WILLIAM
to
AND
receive
them -
COLLEGE [
MARY
1831- 1835]
Library of the College of William and Mary.]
July 1834]
72- 73
pp.
GOO
The
the
anew -
The
for
less
It
The
to
COLLEGE
of
meeting
been
the
the
FACULTY
Society
that
land
in
shall
divide
Steward
3 divisions,
only
from
as
heretofore,
of the
the
Brafferton
recent
and among other
have
Tornado,
Sept
Monday
Steward [ John
the
the
College
C.
land
shall
1- [
been
cannot
shingled
be
repaired
be
205.
p.
1834]
Apperson]
Manner -
following
of which
one
1830- 1836],
MINUTES [
on
the
College
the
prosecuted
Kitchen
$ 250 -
resolved
was
cultivate
least
from $ 200,
MARY
have
House &
s
sustained however
injury
AND
a
College
President'
than
WILLIAM
At
of
repairs
things
which
be required to
viz -
is
in
cultivate[
into
cultivation,
d]
at
in corn in any one
and he is further required to Marl the whole land in such time as may
year -
be conveniently practicable From the situation
of the College land the Steward cannot be permitted
to use any timber or other trees on the land for the purpose of Making or
repairing
fences -
except
cedar
chestnut &
chengnipin -
The president was authorised to have a partition fence made in the yard
belonging
made
about
to
the
the
president'
House &
house;
s
&
also
to have
various
slight
repairs
yard -
It was resolved that the gate leading from the yard of the Brafferton
house
to the College yard be closed &
to have the
president was authorized
the gate now is,-
IBID.,
At
The
pp.
a
209,
Meeting
professor
alterations &
It
of
the
was
law
a
stile
steps
or
or
steps
substituted,
stile
made, &
27 - [
& the
placed where
1834]
211.
of
of
the
Society
on
Monday
law [ Nathaniel
Oct.
Beverly
Tucker]
was
authorized
to
have
repairs made in the law lecture room as may be necessary -
resolved
library -
that
the
College
subscribe
for " The
Jurist"
for
the
use
such
�382.
1 01 /
Professor
6.
Browne
was appointed
Librarian
for the
course -
0
IBID.,
213- 214.
pp.
December
Tuesday
2,
1834.
The Society met . . .
Ordered that President be authorized to purchase six chairs for the use of
the
Lecture -
Rooms.
A De Neuf Ville for $ 214. 43.
allowed and ordered to be paid...
Ordered that the professor of law be authorized
An
IBID.,
John
of
account
work
done
for
the
College
to purchase
Stephen
on Pleading.
13.
was
much
noise
cradkers
were
exploded
214.
p.
16.
December
Tuesday
1834-
The
in
for
President
reports
that
and
about
College
buildings,
the
Saturday
on
night
hundreds
of
Dec
squibs &
there
there would seem from appearances
to have been a supper or some entertainment at which liquor was used and at
within
which
and
of the
some
IBID.,
p.
of
outside
the
town &
Walls
of
the
College, &
some of the College
students
partook. . .
217.
Friday January
30.
1835.
400
from July 1834 to January
The bursar presented his account
and a further balance of two hundred and eighty three dollars
cents due the College on account of the Library fund.
IBID.,
30.
1835. . .
and ninety
two
218- 219.
pp.
Tuesday February
The
board
The
President
met
17-
1835.
present
the
reports
that
President &
he
has
of
Professors
late
frequently
heard
at
night &
often
till very late in the night loud and riotous noises in and about college,
accompanied
that
these
reports
generally with much profaness & occasional
disorders have recently much increased & are growing
of pistols;
worse,
&
that
�he has learned upon inquiry that the Students in college have frequent
small
supper
as
supper
there, &,
parties
Resolved
that
the
faculty
that
suppers
the
servants
either
Steward
from
in the
occasions
on
a
night,
Saturday
every
large
seated
and?-1 that liquor forms a part of these entertainments -
[
be informed
frequently
the
that
in
occur
it has
Stewards
residence
or from
building
College
come
college,
attending
as
to
the Notice
that
the
of
Town
&
are
which
waiters,
of
course
on those
is directly
against the Statutes passed to govern the conduct of the Steward.
Resolved
that
responsible
IBID.,
should
the
Steward
will
be
considered
219.
p.
board
3 1835
eight
ordered
spread
to
be
feelings
against,
and
of
on the
the
the
far
as
prest &
record
of
sake
in
us
and
to
we
honour,
will
hinder
lies
the
which
faculty -
is
is as follows -
own
our
that
Society,
as
profrs
presented
was
students]
for
1st
Resolved
the
present
met;
A letter[ from
the
continue
by the faculty so far as his omission to do his duty extends.
Tuesday March
The
this
the
benefit
henceforw;= rd
any
shooting
of
use
the
college
all
our
of pistols,
or
influence
explosions
of powder in any manner whatever within the walls of College.
Resolved
walls
of
2nd for the same
against, &
influence
that we will henceforward
as far as in us lies hinder any public
use all our
suppers
within
the
College.
Resolved
influence
the
reasons
the
for
3d.
College
same
that we will henceforward use all our
reasons;
and as far as in us] iea hinder any unlawful ringing of
against,
bell.
Resolved 4th that a copy of the above resolutions together with the preamble,
be handed to the Society.
IBID.,
221- 222.
pp.
Tuesday March
4,
An
account
The
President
through
the
came
from
their
yard, &
was
shot
College
up
the
Street
fire-
through
the
Steps
with
large
into
into
arms
the
on
amounting
noises,
the
would
Mr Richardson'
Saturday the 14th Inst. after
a party of Students were passing
assaulting
various
committing
College yard.
seem
s
to
sign
have
broken
the
of
gate was
second
Story
several
other
houses -
disorders.
with
This party
They fired off a pistol in the
been
board.
College
to 480. 75 allowed.
of
night
after Midnight
riotous
Missiles, &
other
for books
that,
before &
Streets
down
Smith
reports
both
brick- bats &
J.
Robert
of
oClock &
10.
1835.
17.
00
loaded
with
ball,
for
a
bullet
Among other disorders about the
a poor old horse was forced
open &
College &
introduced
into
one
of
the
�occupied
bedrooms
College
laws
the
at
boarders
the
by
outraged &
were
In
Brafferton
fine
a
dozen
of
the
there is reason to believe that all the Students
boarding at Mr Manns are implicated that among his boarders there has been a
good
deal
both
have
been
concerned
that
Resolved
foregoing
IBID.,
March
Armistead
a
making
supper,
know
cerned
One
in
John
first
172
a
committee
to
enquire
into
the
night,
saturday
was
not
concerned
in
aided in carrying the horse into College proposed the scheme - he had been at the
but
a frolic.
Two parties were out on Saturday
The party with which he was was not con-
-
breaking
The small college gate was out
gates -
He
he
been
kind
he
has
serenade
the
at
Two
no
the
the
joined
had
were
parties
or
away gates
been engaged
aided in carrying
-
supper -
ad
#
out.
no
His
party
houses.
stoning
in &
intention
hopes
to
be
the horse
to
was
do
mis-
not,
to
is
the
This
excused.
225.
7.
April
Bucktrout'
Mr
nothing
pistols engaged in taking
of
party
Tuesday
first
mechanics
says
floor -
fired
He
p.
of
on
patty
pistols
he
houses &
Henley
knowledge
IBID.,
be
the large gate was open when his party arrived.
the
first
37
party
stoning
Mr.
his
the
with
firing
or
whether
a
of place, &
chief.
Browne
1835
contemplated
&
Night.
and
and report.
19.
was
noise
not
does
Dew
Messrs.
as well as Students
222- 223.
pp.
Mr
& that grammar boys
disorders - Whereupon -
drinking & gambling
in the foregoing
disorders
Thursday
to
of
cents
-
It having
1835
acct.
for Carpenter'
which was passed s
been ascertained
s work
with tolerable
amounting
to fourteen
dollars.
certainty
that Mr Daniel
Jones
h. s ne rly destroyed the door leading to the balcony resolved that prof Saunders
be
a
committee
injury
p.
confer
with
him
that
on
on
subject, & require
the
him
to
have
the
repaired.
IBID.,
to
Monday
The
of
April
13.
President
several
street,
226.
was
& late
reports
seen
at
1835.
into
going
night three
the
were
seen
of
Sunday April 12 . . . A party
A similar party was seen going down
Night
College.
returning
to
college.
Before
one
oClock the paling around the Statue of Lord Botetourt was discovered to be
torn
down.
�385.
Resolved
That
of
meeting
the
the
president &
professors
tomorrow (
faculty
expect
at
Tuesday)
two
that
oClock
at
or before
p. m.
the
any of the
Students who may have been concerned in tearing down the paling around the
Statue of Lord Botetourt will make to the president or any professor an
acknowledgment
of
the
fact;
selves from any suspicion
to disclaim
Mr.
the
them-
it in like Manner.
Daniel Jones appears and voluntarily acknowledges
the
down
while those who may wish to exonerate
of having engaged in such an outrage are invited
to
means
paling, &
it,
repair
alleging
that he alone pulled
that he was intoxicated
at
time.
IBID.,
p.
228.
At a meeting of the President and Professors of William and Mary College.
April
23.
1835. .
The Following preamble and resolutions were adopted
Whereas a communication has been received from the Reverend Scervant Jones
a minister of the Baptist Church representing the advantages which might result
to the College from the location of a Baptist Theological and manual labour
Seminary in or near Williamsburg In consideration of the general subject
alluded
to
in Mr Jones' s Communication
Resolved;
1.
will
freely
that
our
fee
without
structions
the
we
to
receive
or
President
several
reward
and
Masters
of William & Mary College
and impart the benefit of our inStudent
of Theology,
who,
bona fide,
classes,
to
any
and with a view to the Ministry of the Gospel shall be engaged in the study
of Theology at any Seminary located at or in the immediate neighborhood
of
Williamsburg.
2.
Resolved;
farther that
should
the Baptist
Association
locate
their
Manual
labour &
Theological School in or near the City of Williamsburg we
engage
to admit
without
fee to our several
scientific
courses
of lectures
all such Students of the Seminary as shall be professedly Candidates for the
Ministry of the Baptist
Murray,
Hon.
TRAVELS
IN
Vol.
I pp.
April
Charles
NORTH
Church
Augustus
AMERICA
DURING
THE
YEARS
1834- 36. ( New York:
1839)
128- 9
1835]
The train of reflections naturally arising from the comtemplation
of this
scene probably prevented my paying due attention to the Oollege situated in
the
neighbourhood
Mary.
without
I
did
any
iaisit
of
it,
it,
built
however,
architectural
and
endowed (
as
is well
known)
by William
and
and found a large irregular pile of building,
pretentions.
I
also
paid
my
respects
to Mr.
T[
uckerl,
�380.
of the
one
that,
the
principal
to
belonging
professors.. . He
establishment;
and
the
such
under
decline,
left
would
the
men,
and
revolution,
the
soon
which had for many years subsequent to
college,
consequent
its
regain
introduced me to two other professors
my impression from the interview was,
diminuiation
former
of
its
On
celebrity.
funds,
the
been
29th
of
on
the
April
I
Williamsburgh.. .
WILLIAM
June
Friday
COLLEGE
MARY
AND
19.
FACULTY
MINUTES, [
1830- 1836],
p.
233.
1835.
see
The President
was
in
nailed
reports
has,
up
the
another
place
opened into
passage
two
Students
the
IBID.,
about
lathing &
belfry;
3.
days
or
days
4.
plaistering
the
three
or
unscrewed
that in the third Story of the College
within
has
hass
been
been
broke
taken
a door that
down.,
down, &
a
that
secret
that by means of that passage some of the
got to the inside of the Belfry passage &
ago,
234.
fastenings
put upon the belfry door, that in this
way all the fastenings lately put upon the door have been rendered useless,
that the bell was repeatedly rung last night in the midst of the night &
even this
at the hour of 9.
morning
oClock by the hands of a Student.
p.
recently
Wednesday July
1.
1835.]
The Bursar appeared in the faculty and settled the following accounts
up to this day the
and
92
IBID.,
a
bal.
amounting to two hundred ninety eight dollars
remaining
of $
178: 42 cents ...
235.
p.
July 6,
acct.
library
cents -
1835]
It was resolved that the following communication be sent to the Norfolk
the Richmond Enquirer and Whig -
Herald,
The
4th
ceremonial
the
of
Church,
pendence
was
appropriate
oration
July
and
a
was
celebrated
exercises -
Thos
Martin
of
the
law
class,
prefaced by some
Mr Robt Tyler of the senior classes then delivered
subject of the influence of commerce on the civilization,
remarks -
intelligence &
Mary College by the customary
prest professors & students being assembled in
offered
The declaration
of Indeby the President.
prayer was
then read by Mr
on the
at William &
The
Happiness
of Man.
an
�387.
The following
Junior
Nat.
is a recapitulation
of the numbers
Moral
in the respective
7
19
philosophical
Chemical
Jun.
mathematical
Sen.
do
Jun.
27
f, 0
7
20
political
Sen.
do
8
6
Law
Grammar
School
50 -
of
whom
7
attended
the College
Total
classes -
20
Sciences
Grammar
Classes -
48
4)
Sch. - - -
91 -
OF THE
REPORT
Ms.
Library
TO
FACULTY
THE
of the College
VISITORS
OF WILLIAM
of William
91- 92
pp.
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1831- 1835]
and Mary.]
July 1835]
In repairing the injuries sustained by the college in the storm of June 1834,
the expenses incurred have swelled far beyond what they were estimated in our
last report.
They have already amounted to about $ 600, and one heavy item of
damage remains still to be repaired,
viz.
the large folding door at the west
of
end
the
north
arch
by
been
replaced
was
last
be had except
At
prof.
a
meeting
At
pp.
a
-
was
but
both
of the
been
together
with
the
away in the storm
and since
suitable
then
prices
have
which
the
society
made
recently
to
Saunders
&
1830- 1836],
FACULTY MINUTES, [
Society
re- appointed
rooms
which
swept
frame
and
would
have
could
not
workmen
thought
repair
were
on
Oct.
Monday
26.
p.
the
it wrong
injury,
to
soon
239.
1835 -
Librarian
appointed
confer with
the
a
Committee
Steward
to
examine
thereon -.
239- 240.
meeting
brick
These
-
school has been dismissed:
COLLEGE
was
Browne &
Lodging
IBID.,
1111
AND MARY
Browne
Messrs
the
fall,
however
after the grammar
WILLIAM
College,
surrounded
at very exorbitant
Arrangements
give -
of the
wing
it
which
of
the
Society
on
Tuesday
Oct -
27 - [
1835]
the
state
of
�386.
Ordered that the Steward be informed that the Society expect that he
the windows in those rooms in College
immediately cause to be repairdd,
or which are now so
which were during the last course occupied
by Students,
will
occupied -
and also such other repairs as are necessary to render them
comfortable
...
the
that
Also
cause
it to be
health
of
the
Should
rooms
done
in all
have
all
cases
where
and
been whitewashed;
it
can
be done
without
that
he
danger
should
to
the
Students -
Also that he be reminded that it is his duty to have the passages &
IBID.,
At
daily &
scoured
once
a month -
3- [
18351
240.
p.
a
swept
stairs,
above
stairsteps
of
meeting
the
Society
Nov.
Tuesday
on
egg
Mr.
Moore'
for
acct
s
1/ 2
doz.
chairs
and
cushions -
amounting
to $ 22. 50
was passed 4.
It was resolved that Mc Pfullock' s Commercial dictionary
for the College
Library - also a copy of Rollin' s ancient
Europe ( Jones'
Modern
The Librarian
in the Library -
IBID.,
The
and
was authorized
the
of Nov:
16th
Philosophical
the
& Russell'
Edition) - -
to have additional
book shelves
put up
242- 245.
pp.
Monday
be purchased
Hist:
buildings
The College
1835.. .
Apparatus
require
building
requires
repairs,
considerable
neither
is calculated
of which
repair
can
to accommodate
be
and
addition,
afforded.
40 to 50 students.
There is a house on the premises the property of the College intended
for
and
occupied
furnished
the
by
in
apartments
the
by
the
President.
College.
College
The
other
Profrs
have
no
accommodations
They have indeed the right to make use of
but this right has not been exercised
building;
it being more convenient to them to reside in the town.
This right too if exercised would necessarily abridge the capacity of the
for
many
building
years,
to
accommodate
students.
s
�38g,
WILLIA:M AND MARY
John Millington,
Professor
About
the
natural
year
2nd
Millington
and engineering
Vol.
Series,
1776- 1868.
M. D.
Dr.
1835,
philosophy,
and Mary. . .
William
QUARTERLY. . .
COLLEGE
By
28pp.
Holmes.]
30
III,
George
F.
was elected to the chair of chemistry,
in the ancient and honored College of
In his pleasant
and roomy dwelling
on the Palace
Green
he
largely reciprocated the attentions which he received...
Mary, Dr. Millington himself
Without this service,
by him.
chair would have been very meager and wholly inadequate
at William and
professorship
of the apparatus
required
his
During
constructed
much
the equipment
of the
for the proper illustration of the rapidly advancing sciences committed to
his care.
He fitted up one of the rooms of his home as a carpenter' s shop
and general
work- room. . .
AND MARY COLLEGE
WILLIAIM
the
Monday Febz
Resolved
that
1836.
8"
president' s house on
the act to the president.
IBID.,
at a meeting
it is expected
the
1830- 1836],
MINUTES, [
FACULTY
that
the
of the society
individual
will
saturday
257.
p.
who
forward
come
fired
and
the ball
and
avow,
into
explain
260.
p.
Monday February the 22d 1836 The
President
inst.
17"
cowhide,
at the
act
as
he
alleges)
to
the
of
kicking
engaged
room
at
in this
the
College
in
unexceptionable
drive
Jas
away
appeals
Semple
him
his
to
had
man
word
been
Mrs
beat
with
body
stairs
the
free
to
Two
negro
of
man
the
Students
named
Macklin
on
the
Wallace,
pistol if he should make any out-
him
unmercifully
while
there,
with
his
The
steps.
John
was
flogged.
The
and
other
students
Armistead
alleged
to
have
and Mr Oldham,
in
whose
deed,
are
negro
asserts
that
his
behavior
Resolved
on
because
Ware
Witnesses.
as
drinking ,
that Mr Empie
this
was
and that he only refused to allow them to
his business in town was not yet completed.
There are reasons to believe
and indeed that he has repeatedly done so
since he was placed upon his good behavior.
students
a
and when the president arrived
Mr. Jas Semple was just in
rescue
wounds,
Mr.
affair,
steers,
Mr &
down
a
dirk &
with
college,
covering his whole
foot of the College
report.
following
assaulted
M.
up
been
He
P.
him
forced
cry,
the
submits
Clock
him (
threatened
the
0.
4
subject -
be a committee
to
confer
with
the
above
named
that
�30,
IBID.,
264.
p.
At a meeting of the Society on Thursday the 3d of March 1836 The
society took under
John Armistead
Semple
that
Messrs
Semple,
Jas:
will take no farther
of
approbation
the
consideration
and.
and
Jo:
to the
came
Armistead &
notice
of Messrs
case
Oldham,
Jas:
determination,
following
Resolved
Oldham be informed that the Faculty
of this occurrence
than to express
decided
it,
Commission
and that its impropriety was very much enhanced
of the act within the College building.
IBID.,
dis-
262- 263.
Pp.
March
Tuesday
by the
5th [ 1836]
the
040
Mr
he
Jo:
Armistead says in brief that he knew by his talk that the negro
drunk, .. .
was
did
says
improper
Oldham
or
the
whip
of
and
the
to
him 15
or
gave
him
gave
in
while
25 lashes.
his
room
A.
whipped
him
only
was
Mr
negro
in began
him
and
language
any
that
he
that
states
use
offensive,
states
brought
who
Mr A.
not
brought
into
his
The
in
negro
College,
in
his
room,
own
that
however
that
was
room.. .
Mr
the individual
and that he ( Mr 0.)
therefore
took
whip him, .. .
20 lashes. . . Since Mr S.
admits that he took
charge
him
when
dismissed
to
was
seen
rushing
from
the
room,
and as the negro in attempting
balcony, there was quite time enough to
inflict that number,
before the period at which the president saw him in
the act of flogging him down the steps.. .
escape
IBID.,
p.
into
the
270.
March the 29 1836]
Resolved
themselves
that
[ Samuel
forthwith
Stewart
from the
and
C.
W.
Bell]
be
directed
to
withdraw
College -
As the law requires they will while they are making preparations to deprt,
remove immediately from the College Building and Brafferton and find boardifg
in the City. . .
Whereas great destruction of the windows of the College has lately taken
place,
which
is
not
believed
to
be
the
result
of
accident,
therefore
resolved
that the Society expect that the windows will be repaired by the next meeting
of the faculty by those who have been concerned in breaking them -
IBID.,
p.
272.
April the 5 th 1836.]
Ro.
I.
Smith'
s
ac
for books
amounting
to $ 186. 25
was
allowed.
�391.
IBID.,
p.
April
26.
277.
1836.
Whereas it has been represented
went
to Mr
Cabaness'
of Mr James
Semple,
taken
has
who
that on thursday evehing last Mr Oldham
armed
house,
s
with
in
pistols,
shelter
there,
pursuit,
and
at
whom
as
it
Mr
Oldham
was
said
had
shot;
that Mr 0.
endeavoured to get into the house and being shut out,
hovered around it for some time presenting his pistol at such as shewed
themselves
at
the
windows.
with Mr
on
the
charge
IBID.,
May
0.
3d
IBID.,
1836.
that
Ordered
a committee to confer
stated -
280.
p.
the
Dew was appointed
Mr.
above
A.
Cousin'
Empie,
of
History
s
Pres]
Phil:
be purchased - . . .
290- 291.
pp.
July the 2d 1836.
MrBucktrout,
Mr.
E
t: s
Ac/
Resolved
from
the
56 1/ 4 was allowed.
Meeting -
the following
was adopted -
Faculty of Wm. &
Mary College remember with affectionate
the pleasure they have derived from their connexion
with
the Rev:
Adam Empie,
who has just resigned his office as Prest of the
College They owe it to themselves as well as to him, to tender a proper
Testimonial
to one whom they have found always urbane,
kind,
always
eminently
qualified for all his Duties, and devoted to their performances with a zeal
which regarded no consequences;
and beg him to believe that he carries with
and
that
to $ 29.
amounting
retired
having
npie
c
respectful
the
regrets,
him their most profound
respect
Mr.
committee
Dew
was
appointed
a
and best wishes for himself and his family.
to
hand
the
Mary
College
to Mr
above
Enpie,
who
reported
the following answer.
Wm &
July
the
6"
1836
My Dear Friends
Permit
to
me
lay
aside
the
formalities
of
style &
of
office,
and respond
in the untrained simplicity of my feeling to the very kind and flattering
communication
which
you
have
this
day
made
to
me
by
the
hands
of
Profr.
Dew,
I have no Language adequately to express the mingled emotions of pleasure
gratitude & affection to which it gave birth,
and I feel that any thing short
of these would be frigid and out of character with the cordial and fraternal
411
spirit
that
breathes
through
it
-
�392:
Though
sensible
that your partiality
and friendship
have prompted
a
style of Eulogy far above my humble merits yet the cordial approbation of
rest assured my dear
friends and Collegues that the gratifying Communication I have just received
will ever cause me to rank this day among the happiest of my life With
of
feast
to
Virtuous
the warmest
is
feelings
and
intelligent
the
of attachment
a
soul, &
the
and with
the highest
sentiments
respect.
I remain as ever Gentlemen your very sincere friend
humble
A.
IBID.,
The
1836.
5.
Ac/
Library
IBID.,
At
p.
a
Empie
289.
p.
the
July
St
up to
c
date
this
to $451.
amounting
67 [ was
settled.
292.
Meeting
of the
6th -
the
July
Society
1836
The Election of a Steward which had been postponed until this Day was
made,
Mr John
and
R.
Pierce
was
chosen -
The Society was informed by Mr Tyler committee from the board of Visitors
that Profr Dew had been appointed President of the College -
IBID.,
At a Meeting of the Society July the 8th 1836.
Resolved
that Mr Guthrie
that,
WILLIAM
AND MARY
from
to do the work at College
Profr Browne be a committee to employ a bricklayer -
Ordered
Letter
be employed
Thos.
COLLEGE
R.
Dew
PAPERS,
to
Folder
Prof.
J.
Dews
98A
Millington.
Philadelphia]
Near
Ville
King & Queen
Va
New
Sep
7,
Town
1636
My Dr Sir;
When
I had
the
pleasure
of
seeing you
in
Philad.
I
entirely
forgot
to
mention
�393.
you the
to
which
works
bought
h. d
I
for
As
Library.
our
perhaps
you or
may stumble on the same works I will mention some of them from memory
Mr S.
1st
Hunns
into
3rd Dutin'
into
s
of the
of
Crabbe'
7
Say'
With
Synomyms
two
works
stand
in need
of one.
2v.
in French
cannot
I
which
books
other
should
Nations
6 vols.
lv.
Miscellaneous
s[?]
or
one
s
African
Republics -
French
4th Durand' s Essays on Morals lv.
5
Burton' s Anatomy of Melancholy
6
Asiastic &
Grecian
if we
2v.
Rome
2v.
Econ.
the
of
History
History
Pol.
s
the
the
Politics
Researches
of Antiquity, &
2nd Neihburt'
lv.
now
to mind.
call
I got Cousin' s
History of Philosophy but it is so small I do not care about its going into
the
Let Saunders know of my list if you please that we may not clash.
Library.
There is one work for which I felt a strong inclination but did not purchase
Pavo[?]
of Doct.
It is the writings
May I call the attention of yourself
it.
to
Saunders
will
one
take
to
agree
if
work &
this
you
to
choose
J.
for the
I
Library,
for
though you may transcend your limits. . .
it,
Thomas
Prof:
it
purchase
R Dew
Millington
Philadelphia.
WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE ACCOUNTS 1836- 1846•
T.
p. 29]
Mary
Bob
Paid
Russell
Paying
books
To
0 .
to
College
Wm &
1836- 1837]
Dew
R.
on
T
a/
c
1836- 7
Debtor
R Dew
two
cleaning
Betty for scouring Prest
purchased for Library
Oct.
wells
8
12
House
7. 00
1. 87 1/ 2
18
58. 37
18
38 58
1/ 2
0
To
Mr
one
for
Bucket
for
Mil.
well
Nov
To,
12 $, 50
15, $ 37. 58
Nov
Laboratory
50
cents
to Morris,
to
Nov
IBID.,
p.
29]
ete
To
Feby]
one
for
Bucket
well
in Prest
yard
62 1/ 2
04
April
To
8]
To $ 21. 45
To
To $
To
with
3 locks
paid
W.
S14 paid
1.
me [
for
2
T
Dew]
R
bolts $ 2. 25
D.
Galt
Edloe
Barrels
a/ c
for
for
of
a
2000
lime
3 at $ 2 a piece for Prest
of Lime April 241
...
piece &
10 bars
bricks
20th
gardener $ 50
3rd• June ...
June .
House
12. 75
�394.
IBID.
30]
p.
Wm &
0 .
to
College
Mary
T
R
Debtor
Dew
4
N.
B.
up
to
the
Of
sum $
Jan' y 17,
195.
1837 $
95 1/ 2 disbursed
20. 75 were paid to
Prof Saunders
on account of books &
Dew Making on a/ c
58. 37 to Prof:
79. 12 1/ 2
Library up to 17 Jany 1837 Of Which
added
to $ 67 allowed
Makes
disbursed
by
Prof
67
146 12 1/ 2
Millington
Prof.
Dew
Library
a/ c
on
to July 1
WILLIAM
AND MARY
of
Catalogue
COLLEGE
Folder
PAPERS,
61.
1836- 37,
Session
College -
printed 1837]
4
8- 13
p.
Whole nOmber
0 .
of
of which there are at present in college 107.
113 -
matriculates,
4
p.
TABLE
15
of
Expenses
a
OF
EXPENSES.
Student, (
regular
JUNIOR
Board,
Fee
including
to
Fees
to
three
the
$
20
studies
for a degree.
130
half
Law, (
course.)
10
- - - -
00
5 00
S205 00
fee,
Matriculation
00
60 00
each,
of National
Professor
one who
e.)
fuel, & c.,
washing,
Professors,
i;
YEAR.
SENIOR YEAR.
Board,
Fees
as
to
130
before,
three
5 00
Matriculation,
195
fee
The
to the
Civil
RECORD
At
e
Professor
of
is
Law,
20
20
Classics,
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
meeting
of the
AND
Society
MARY
COLLEGE , [
held
Tuesday
Mr Dews account for Books purchased
58 Dollars
and
00
$20
Engineering, -
Higher
00
60 00
Professors,
Thirty
eight
cents
was
1836- 7- 1846],
18th
page 1.
Octr [ 1836]
for the Library amounting to
allowed
and
ordered
to
be
paid.
�395.
IBID.,
2.
p.
At a meeting of the Society held Tuesday 25th Octr 1836.
Ordered that Mr Millington be requested to write to Fredericksburg
to
enquire the price of a cast Iron Pump for the yard.
IBID.,
4- 5
Pp.
At a meeting of the Society held Tuesday 8th Novr 1836
The account
was examd
IBID.,
of Judah Dobson of Philadelphia for books purchased
the College Library dated Septr 1836 amounting to
and passed for payment.
for
Saunders
by. Profr
20$
75 cts
6- 8
pp.
At a meeting of the Society held Tuesday 15th Novr 1836
p.
8]
Mr Morris'
to
37
Bill
s
58
Dolls
Professors
for
cents
Browne
Bricklaying & Plastering
presented, examined &
was
and Millington
were
done at the College
ordered to be paid
appointed
a committee
to
amounting
investigate
the expence of altering the Classical School rooms for the Chemical Laboratz
and
Philosophical
IBID.,
and
rooms,
to
report
thereon.
10- 12.
pp.
At a meeting of the Society held on Monday the 28th Novr 1836
p.
11]. . .
The Steward
except
that
explained
reported
Mr Watkins
to
the
one
faculty-
that nothing
had occurred
in his department
of his boarders had left him for a reason
vizt thEt Coal smoak disagreed with him.
Mr White of Richmond presented an account amounting to 10 Dollars
for
250
printing
account
IBID.,
Copies
was ordered
pp.
of
the
new
Supplement
to
the
College
Laws;
which
to be paid.
13- 14.
At a Meeting of the Society held on Monday the 5th day of December 1836
Present -
Mr
President
Dew,
and
all
the
faculty.
�The Steward reported all well in his departmts and requested leave to
have
built
Privy
a
hitherto
house,
Brafferton
to the
without
on[ e]
-
Same
ordered.
Millington having been appointed a Committee on the
15th Ulto to report upon the expence of altering the N W wing of the College
into a Chemical
Laboratg & Philosophl Lecture room, They this day reported
Browne &
Professors
that
they
to
him
had met
an
make
Mr Bassett
Builder
the
of the
estimate
the
upon
of
expence
such
Premises,
alteration.
-
and
had
His
requested
estimate
was
according this day produced in writing and amounted to about 175 Dollars for
furnishing the necessary Lumber and boards for making a floor over such rooms
including Pine Columns to support the same, and all charges for Labor Nails,
Millington
reported
M
Plastering and fixing and finishing the same. -
Laths
verbally that Mr Bassett in the above had made no allowance for pulling down
old
for
work -
for moving the Benches and Furnaces
heavy Timbers -
the
raising
out of the present LaboratZ and for some necessary Brickwork and that in his
opinion the alteration
It
it
that
Resolved,
was
could not be completed under between 400 and 450 $.
this
expedient
is
alteration
should
be
made
-
But
from the shortness of the present days and the expected cold weather the work
should not
untill
commenced
be
the
ensuing
Spring -
But
in
the
mean
time
Professor Browne was requested to obtain the price of the necessary Timber
according to a bill to be made out by Mr Bassett and to have it delivered upon
prevent delay when
price was approved of by the Society.the
premises
IBID.,
pp.
so
as
to
the
work
should
proceed, provided
the
20- 21.
Tuesday 27th December 1836.
The
morning
fine.
proving
The Faculty met at the College at 1/ 2 past
9 oClock. . .
Resolved that the Thanks of the Faculty be presented , to the Honble Burwell
Bassett Escgr for the acceptable and valuable present which he has made to the
Library of Wilin & Mary
United States.-
IBID.,
pp.
College
of
Statistical
0@yberts
Annals
of the
22- 23-
Monday 9th January 1837
Jame
Mahone®
c
Guthries
James
W.
Vest
W.
The
Jana
and
Steward
9th
1837
account
accot
Cos
made
for
for
accot
the
Blacksmiths'
Carpenters
amounting
following
work amounting to 316: 85 was passed
amounts to $ 141: 49 was passed
81: 41 was passed. -
work
to $
report
To
the
Faculty
of
Wm &
Mary College
�397..
On the night of the 4th of this month the follow damage was committed
on
the
College.
The Blue room door was injured
One Pannel knocked out of the following doors
The
room
opposite
the
Library
One ditto out of each of the doors on the cross passage
The former law Lecture room broken open and the door injured.
A
part
In the
and the Glass broken
broken,
occupied
room
by
and
Jones
Mr
Crump,
out in the cross passage.the Bricks over the fire place
Also in the room occupied by Mr Henley and Semple the fire
down,
fallen
have
Sash
of the
place has partly fallen down both of which I believe to be natural decay and
want
By whom the damage was done on the 4th I know not.
repair.
Jno
Signed)
Whereupon
it
that
resolved
was
the
R Pierce.-
following
notice
be
given,
vizt
It is expected by the faculty that the Students who committed the damage
in the College building on the night of Wednesday the 4th Inst will report
themselves
to
President,
the
and
the
pay
expence
of
repairing
the
same;
a
bill of which will be made out by the College Carpenter.
T
Adjourned.
IBID.,
pp.
R
Prest
Dew
25- 27.
At a meeting of the Society held Monday the 23rd Janes 1837
A
Letter
from
John
J
Jones,
John Tyler and Jno Finney as a Committee of
the Franklinean Sock was received and read requesting the Faculty would
speedily put the Society in Possession of a comfortable Hall for their meeting.
It being thought that the present Library might be moved occupied, with
upstairs This
advantage,
and
that
the
Society
might
have
the
room
it
now
letter was referred to Profr Browne to treat with the Society thereon.
The following accounts were examined and passed for payment vizt
Cole
for
Blacksmiths
Richardson
for
repairs
Jesse
Albert
Southall
IBID.,
pp.
At
a
for
32- 34,
meeting
of
of
work
to
end
Stationary
and
16: 56
of 1836
S13: 20
Stoves -
last
to
end
of
Monday
the
20th
Postage
year--$ 6: 88
37- 8.
the
Society
held
on
FebFebLaL 1837
�38:
34] . . .
The Steward
p.
for
sickness
been
broken
the
Garden
pp.
reported
last
in
37- 38]
3
the
Paling
that
he had been
and that
weeks,
front
pasaage,
had been taken
unable
in the mean
but
he
away
not
did
but,
to leave
time
as
his
know
yet,
room thro'
some window Glass
that
had
some
by
could not say by whom.
whom,
of
At a meeting of the Society held on Monday 13th March 1837
The Steward reported to the meeting the necessity of having doors with
Locks to the cellars under the College as that place was becoming very filthy
disagreeable
from
the
use
now
made
of
it .
39- 40
pp.
At a meeting of the Society held on Monday 20th March 1837
Resolved
That in conse;juence of the large number of Students and the extra
trouble of moving the Library into the Upper South Room the Salary of the
Librarian for the present year ending 4th July next be Seventy five Dollars.
p.
At a Meeting of the Society held on Monday 3rd April 1837
42]
Present
The
President
and
all
the
Professors.
SADO
p.
45]
---
An accot presented
by Mr Dickie Galt for Freight & pur: base of Sheet
Lead for Coll roof and other articles furnished from 27th 0ctr, 1834 to Mar
29th 1837 amounting to 32 $ . 10 was examined
and ordered for payment.
At a meeting
of the Society
p. 47]
A Bill
from Septr 1836
of Mr Thomas
to
5th
held
on Monday
Wise for Hauling
FebIL
1837 amounting
10th April
1837
wood for the use of the College
75 was examd and ordered
to $ 16:
to be paid.-
At a, meeting
p.
52] . . .
An Account
with
was
freight &
ordered
p.
of the Society Held Monday 24th April 1837
from
presented
expences
upon
sound
Mr
D Galt
amounting
for
Ten
to $ 21:
Casks
of
Lime ()
10/ 6 [
sic]
45 wch was examd &
to be paid.-
57]
At a Meeting of the Society held Monday 15th May 1837
P.
59] .. .
A Bill of Jno Morris for Plastering
to
6$
75
cts
was
presented
examined,
work done in the new Library amounting
and
ordered
to
be
paid.-
�399•
WILLIAM
of
Minutes
Resolved:
Faculty.
May
Folder 55.
22,
1837]
That the Society subscribe for 100 copies of the printed list of
BOOK
8
I
Smith
for
Smith &
o
Mess-- rs
Sheldon &
Johnson
James
Guthrie
The meeting
Palmer
dated
Mr.
A.
G.
Southall. . .
78- 79.
pp.
on Thursday
29th June
&c
to
June
1837
29th
Glass &
Carpenter
June
to
c
work
64: 03
Servant*]
Cloath-)
11: 13
April
6: 83
1837 -
1836 --
to
untill
27: 50
1837
15th
repairs
Carpenters
1836 -
June
for
6: 25
1837
Joes [ College
to
then adjourned
1st
and ordered
31st Jany last
1st
to
Richmond
Do
Maupin -
for Window
Sands
held in the Library
blacksmithing
Paint
ing
Co
1836- 7- 1846],
COLLEGE [
due from the Society were examined
Bookseller
Messrs
Vest &
MARY
published by
just
a m
Bills
Cole
College
the
of the Society
oClock
The following
payment vizt
Mr Jesse
AND
WILLIAM
OF
at
Robt
of
particul;irs
At a meeting
To
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
the
and
students
RECORD
MARY
AND
1: 62
time
present
95. 73
after the Public
exa:minn of the•
Chemical Class which commenced at 9 this morng.
At half past
in
the
Blue
one oClock
on the
same
day the faculty
resumed
its Session
room.
Ordered that a long Table serving the purpose of a Book case be made for
the Library under the Directions of Profrs Browne and Millington.
Joe-
IBID.,
College
pp.
Servant-
see
Faculty
for
Minutes
July 6,
1837]
85- 86.
At a meeting of the Society held Thursday
6th July 1837
The following orders were passed in respect to repairs
and were to be attended to during the Vacation.
of the College
Premises,
That Joe the College servant is required to cut four cords of wood weekly
during
the
recess,
and
that
Mr
Pryor
the
constable
measure such wood and see that this order
Likewise that Joe whitewash and clean the
be
employed
is fulfilled.
College chambers
to
and Lecture
rooms
Professor
Carpenters
Browne
and
is requested
Brickwork
repairs
to take
about
charge
the
of the Sundry
to employ
College,
necessary
such persons
obtain such materials as are necessary for them and to see that they are
done
Likewise
ground
to
raised
have
the
walks
round
the
Presidents
in
the
front
House.
court
raised
and
marled,
and
the
�400',
That the Presidents
applied
pipes
to
it
for
house
have painted
the
collecting
Tin Gutters
of
water
with proper
roof,
the
which
water
matter
Proffessor Saunders undertakes to see properly executed.
Professor Millington
flue
Iron
pipes
sufficient
Lecture
for the
quantity
was requested
and
Chemical
to purchase
Philosophical
two new Stoves with
Lecture
of new flue pipe for the present
and
rooms,
a
Stove in the great
room.
Ibid.,
Oct.
23.
Monday.
90]
p.
At a Meeting of the Faculty
1837-
...
Mr Millington presented accts for purchase of Stoves &
stove
to $ 74:
amounting
pipes,
G.
Ro:
63 -
Richardson'
which was passed
acct
s
blackboards &
for
c,
amounting
to
7: 63 was passed-
At
94]
D.
of
the
J.
Meeting
a
R.
faculty
Monday
on
Nov.
20-
1837]
[
OOD
Steward,
The
wood & -
At
a
An
99]
p.
acct
Special
of
From
a.
n
itinerant-
The
In
Charles
College
front
knocked
of
of
First
the
is
Mary
College
marble
stands
is moulded
a
gutters
Series,
Thursday
on
Vol.
XXI,
III,
antiquated
an
1837
s House,
136- 7
Notes by
pp.
which
structure,
Mr.
a roof on it.
statute
by
Dec.
7
to President'
pages 237- 8.
historian.
1837]
Vol.
to a brick- kiln with
the
The
and
held
Faculty
for putting
was passed-
Campbell,
William
compared
Botetourt. ..
Stone
COLLEGE QUARTERLY. . .
Literary Messenger,
MARY
Southern
Jefferson
F.
Presented his acct for hauling marl,
which was passed-
of the
meeting
C.
cents
to $95: 60)
amounting
WILLIAM &
Pierce,
to $ 92: 90
amounting
age,
of
and
Lord
Berkley,
Norborne
the
Governor'
s
nose
has
been
off.
The College Library contains somewhat less than four thousand volumes,
of which many are theological.
Some of the books were presented
of
affixed,
arms
In
others
another
the
vas
Governor
Some
of
the
were
an
inscribed
of
the
Assembly
crest,
of
the
eagle,
name
by
the
of Major
and
Dinwiddie,
Robert
and
motto,
"
General
Ubi
have
his
libertas,
Alexander
ibi
coat
Patria."
Spotswood,
Virginia.
gifts
of
Virginia.
the
former
Presidents
of
the
College,
and
others
�401.
Catesby'
Natural
s
of
History
Florida. and the Bahama
Carolina,
from a note on the
given ( as appears
Thomas
Jefferson)
on condition that it
first
were
of
This work
WILLIAM
AND
of
Catalog
Whole
The
at
in
London,
1754,
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Folder
printed
was
MARY
College,
of
number
of
number
Students (
the
NATURAL
color
in
plates,
two
volumes. ..
61.
1838,
printed
last
of
the
8. ]
p.
of Ancient
school
Languages)-
113.
The greatest
at the session of 1816- 17.
96;
was
should never go out of the College.
with
exclusive
at
students
session,
any previous
1837- 38,
Session
Islands,
in the handwriting
page,
session
was
111. . .
number
PHILOSOPHY.
11]
p.
In the Physical department two new lecture
preparation and nearly completed;
lecture room;
both more capacious
every modern
improvement
viz.,
than
rooms are ih the
a chemical
the
laboratory
former
rooms,
and
course
of
and Philosophical
replete
with
and convenience
09
Very extensive
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
T.
30]
p.
Wm &
Mary College
To
$.
To
$
To
25cts
2
to
Joe
To
for
to
Hunt
Guthrie
TBxi
Pin?
for
1836- 1846
ACCOUNTS
R.
to
Thomas
Oct.
of
stove
for
lime,
V.
61 21st
F.
have been made to the apparatus.
Dew
R.
to $ 1. 75
Class
in
Debtor 1837- 8
Dew
of Maps
postage
4$ for Manual
25cents
2
for
additions
2nd
July
for
Lit.
1837.
50
College
scouring
$
to,
cts
for
6th Oct.
box
of
books $
.
75
3. 75
2. 50 for paper. . .
pipe, put up. . .
25cts
for sand. . .
Dec
to,
25
for
stove
cleaning
4 86
pipe
Alley $ 40 Dec 27
31]
p.
To
$
To
$.
6. 50 to Edloe for bricks Jan' y 19. . .
62 1/ 2 to Cole' s Wm for sand Jan' y 31. . .
To
$
1. 25 to Tucker' s Canady for 2 loads plank May 25. . .
To
$
3. 12 1/ 2 to Tuckers
Kennedy
for
5
loads
plank
June
18
3/.
121/
2
�402:.
To
Cole'
Deduct
Add
s
Wm
6. 50
Amt
on
for
on
2
plank &
of
2
lime $ 2. 50.. .
books & paper
a/ c
a/ c
of
loads
6/.
Library
50
44/. 75
31]
P•
for
account
Library
Session
of
1837- 8 Wm &
College
Mary
Debtor
1st+ 10) 14, 12th Vols Washington' s writings
Dec 27 $ 16. 25
9,,
J.
G.
Shelton for Thiers F.
Revolution
March 25th $ 22
To
To
RECORD
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
At
104- 5]
pp.
expended
a
AND MARY
of
meeting
to
Library
on
faculty
2
1838
44 75
1836- 7- 1846],
COLLEGE [
the
July
on
116,
104- 5,
pp.
136.
117,
1- 1838.. .
Jan.
Monday
00
38 25
6 50
6. 50
Add
Amount
16 25
22
00
The following
Johnson
John
116- 7]
C:
F:
p.
136]
Meeting
s
acct
Edloe'
MARY
AND
1838.]
Aetna
for
College
was
Mutual
in
the
41
the
Faculty
for
lead
Faculty
timber & c.
on
Sink &
on
2nd
against
Company
Monday
s work
12 -
March
1838
c was passed.
Monday
amounting
QUARTERLY. . .
25.
to $ 141.
Series,
loss
June
or
96
1838]
[
cents -
Vol.
VIII,
damage
by
was passed -
pp.
fire,
259- 60.
to
the
on the College Building and Wings attached
the
about
amount
and a part
erected
furnished
their
suburbs
108
about
in
Policy
Assurance
Office
a
century
ago
of the
best
English
materials,
is
preservation-- is valued by the MutuLl Assurance
at $ 70, 000.
$ 20, 000 is insured on the building in
good
of Virginia
description
of
which
Countersigned
at
Richmond,
a
to $ 104: 29
156: 70 for bricklayer'
amounting
to $
of Williamsburg
in James City County,
of brick
by 140 feet and covered with shingles-- being entirely
having no buildings nearer than at the distance of more than 100 feet.
plaistered
Society under
Ct.,
of
dollars,
high
and
the
of $ 5.
COLLEGE
situated
stories
detached
of
Insurance
thousand
thereof,
This
bill
bill
s
amounting
meeting
a
At
of Ten
a
acct
s
Stone'
WILLIAM
two
At
were passed -
Carpenter'
Morriss'
p.
Henry
accts
Sands'
furnished
Ro.
and $ 10, 000
Anderson
office.
Fifth
of
May,
1838.
in
EsLA.
the
Protection
of
Hartford
is on file in this
�403.
RECORD
p.
137]
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
At
Meeting
a
Library
At
137- 9]
a
Faculty
of
137- 139.
Monday July 2 [ 1838] . ...
following accounts
on
-
vizt
C] 1017: 62
acct
Meeting
pp.
settled the
and
appeared
Bursar
The
pp.
MARY
the
of
The
1836- 7- 1846],
COLLEGE, [
AND
the
Faculty
on
Tuesday July 3- [ 1838]
006
Also
his
Library
p.
142]
At
[ President'
amounting
of
Meeting
a
The following
Dew'
acct of disbursements
s]
for the
75 was passed.
Faculty
July
Thursday
on
5.
1838]
[
accts were passed 45. 82
Carpenter
Sands
Johnson
pp.
the
s
$ 44.
to
142- 3]
At a Meeting of the faculty on Saturday July 7- .. .
Mr Richard Bassett was appointed College Carpenter for one year
vizon the
the 1- July just passed;
following terms
from
Whenever
to
he
is
pr
day
His
or his
for
the
apprentice
short
in
he
receive
$
workmen
are
engaged
His
pr day.
days of summer;
1. 25
long
62
1/ 2
-
cents
pr
at work
journeyman
1.
& $
day
in
for
is
to
the
be
College,
paid $, 1. 25
pr day for winter days-
summer
days &
50
cents
for
days-
Profr Browne was appointed a Committee to have the lodging rooms
repaired;
College
as also the paling to the front Yard-
SOO
p.
145]
Session of 1838- 9
At
a
of
meeting
the
October
Faculty
8.
1838.
40 .
Ordered
the [
purchased
for
sic]
the
Professor
College
Saunders'
amounting
s a/ c for hoop
iron
to $ 5.-
Ordered that the Bursar pay Professor Saunders fifty dollars
on account of Money paid by him to Richard Bassett on account
of
the
October
College, & charge
22.
Thomas
410
Present
1838.
Lindsey'
allowed & ordered
said Bassett
to
s
the whole
account
be
paid.
for
with that
amount
board.
Smith'
s
work
amounting
to $85.
�404.
IBID.,
146.
p.
1838
29.
October
Present the whole Board
An
of
account
John Tunis
passed and ordered to be
to $ 149. 41.
amounting
paid out of the library fund.
1838.
5.
November
Resolved unanimously that the thanks of the Faculty are due to the Editors
of
American
the
for the handsome and acceptable present
Register,
quarterly
of a series of Volumes of that work this day received, ...
IBID.,
149.
p.
account
An
ordered to
be
books
for
account
amounting
257
Folder
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
AND
WILLIAM
board.
[ Tredegar Iron Works]
paid.
s
the whole
presented by the Tredegar Company allowed and
for $ 6. 79.
Dobson'
Judah
Present
1838.
17.
December
to $ 334. 06.
Bursar'
s
allowed.
Accounts
Library. ..
Dr
1838
To
2
July
this
sum
paid
for
ditto
ditto
Aug
21 "
Deer
for
Books &
for
of
Map
Sundry
44 . 75
paper
the world
12 --
334. 05
Books
1839
ditto
May 18 "
21
ditto
"
do
ditto
"
83. 15
ditto
"
104 -7 50
do
"
WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE ACCOUNTS 1836- 1846
T.
p.
12
To
Two
1/ 2
Kennedy
loads
cents
of
for
broom
load
for
Dew
Mary
Wm &
33]
R.
timber
by
College
Oct.
Cole'
s
R.
5 ...
Nov
coal
to T.
Wm $
7,
50. . .
1. 25 . ..
S1. 25 to Jesse Cole for hauling books. . .
To
James
pd
for
plank
Kelly 30 '
pd Kelly
14. 96. . .
May 6 Library. . .
22. 50
Library May
28. . .
Dew
Debtor
1838- 9
�405.
AND MARY
WILLIAM
of
Catalog
COLLEGE
College,
Folder
PAPERS,
Session
1838- 39,
61.
8 ...
p.
January
p. s]
1838- 39]
Total
RECORD
1839,
printed
of
number
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
10.
that
the
of
exclusive
AND MARY
the
whole
Bursar
pay
Richard
the
school
of Ancient
1836- 7- 18 . 6],
COLLEGE [
Present
1839.
Ordered
Students (
Languages)
132. ..
150.
p.
Board.
Bassett [ College
w3OO.
Carpenter]
on account.
IBID.
p.
156]
March
11.
Present
1839.
the
whole
board
A Communication was received from the Franklinian Society Announcing
a resolution of the Society conferring on the College the Library of that Society:
whereupon resolved that the thanks of the faculty of William Mary College[ sic]
be presented to the Franklinian Society for the acceptable and highly valuable
present
made
to
the
College,
of
the
Franklinian
Library.
&
that
the
President
be requested to communicate this resolution to the Society
p.
158]
May 6.
Present
1839.
President & Professors
the
Browne
Saunders &
Tucker
Resolved unanimously that the thanks of the Faculty be presented to
Professor Millington for the valuable and acceptable present made to the College
Library, consisting
Engineering.
p.
160]
20.
May
of his
1839.
work
Present
Mechanical
on
the President
Philosophy,
and
and his treatise
Professors
Browne
on
Tucker &
Millington
account
An
of B.
Tucker
for
furnished
books
amounting
to $ 104.
was
passed and ordered to be paid by the Bursar.
SOUTHALL
Mss.
PAPERS-
Wm. &
Papers
Johnn
re
Folder
165.
Mary College
John
EsqL
Millington
regarding
Legal
estate.
bill
in
Letter
amount
of $
Williamsburg,
But
even
admitting
and
Cases
Estates.
James City County.
Archives)
that
the
account
from John Millington
to Fayette
111. 96]
Va 27th May 1839
was
all
right,
It
is
quite
out
of my
�406..
to
power
it
settle
at
the.
this
You
are
aware
that
we
have
way of repairs to the old College in the full expectation
which we believed
of 15000 [$]
would
and
of
be
in
this
paid
our
due from the
State
claim is however
have
professors
in
the
of receiving upwards
of Va and which we expected
completely
pay for
to
much
the
knocked
on the head
alterations
repairs &
out
this will more than absorb all the salary I have to take
funds &
private
That
Spring.
the
consequence
was
done
next July ...
May 29,
1839.
and ordered
June
of
The
1836- 7- 1846],
COLLEGE [
p.
160
S.
T.
for
Bowman
plaistering
amounting
to $
47. 75.
was passed
to be paid by the Bursar.
Present
1839.
3.
MARY
...
account
An
AND
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
RECORD
bill
of
the
all
but
Professor
Company
Tredegar
for
Tucker
the
Bell,
new
amounting
to $
136. 39.
was passed and ordered to be paid by the Bursar.
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Faculty
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
1
Minutes,
Folder
55.
typed]
July 1839,
Edmund Ruffin' s account amounting to 039. 49 for printing catalogues was passed
and ordered to be paid.
RECORD
p.
161]
BOOK
OF
July
AND MARY
WILLIAM
1.
Present
1839.
1836- 7- 1847]
COLLEGE [
the
whole
board.
The Library account was settled ascertaining
p.
161]
July
a balance in the Bursar' s
of $ 185. 35.
hands
2.
Present
1839.
and
Smith
Palmer'
the
account
s
whole
for
board.
books & c.
amounting
to $ 65.
37 w was
passed and ordered to be paid by the Bursar.
p.
167]
July
6.
and Maupin'
be
paid;
P
Pierce &
be
p.
169]
paid;
At
a
Dew
$
Armisteads
$ 26. 56.
Prest
20. 25
whole
account
board.
for $ 25. 3;.
was passed
and ordered
to
s
account
Faculty.
professors
ac/ c
passed.
for $ 41.
56.
was passed
and ordered
to
part thereof being charged to the Library fund.
of the
and
Kelly'
was
the
s
part thereof being charged to the Library Fund.
5.
meeting
Jo:
Present
1839.
Sheldon
for
Oct:
Saunders,
painting
the
the
28th
1839.
Millington &
Cupolo
of
the
Present-
Thos:
R.
Browne.
College &
amounting
�407..
p.
18th
the
171]:__ ; ovember
N
Present
1839
the whole
board-
4
Bassett'
Mr
7364.
amt
p.
[
Carpenter]
College
Present.
1839.
30th
Dec:
179]
s
c
ac/
up to
1'
July
1839,
passed,
2•
Dew
Thos, R.
President
and
Professors
Browne.
Millington &
Saunders,
Tucker,
The faculty are concerned to see that the indulgence lately extended
to the Students has been attended with a consequence which they had not antiThe destruction of the doors and windows of the building is alluded
cipated.
which
to,
seems
have
to
taken
place
the
during
late
The Faculty are
recess.
indisposed to recommence the exercises of the College with an inquiry which
might end in Censure.
They therefore announce to such as it may concern that
the author of the mischief is only expected to direct the allege Carpenter
to
it
repair
at
his
This,
expense.
it must
be
he
remembered,
is
honor
bound
to do.
p.
At
180]
a
Jo.
of
meeting
James
Ac/
c
the
for
January the 6th 1840.
Faculty
plank
amt. '
4..
85
passed -
was
...
and ordered to be paid.
IBID.
Note:
On page 143 of the RECORD BOOK OF WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE is
pasted
an
courses
a
text
books
used
for
advertisement
similar
the
College
in
for
various
of the
advertisement
and
Departments.
the
session
1839- 40.
session
1838- 39,
listing
On page 166 is pasted
These
are
clipped
from
MMG]
newspapers.
WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE ACCOUNTS 1836- 46
T.
P.
To
Dew
William &
34
To
R.
Wm Tyler
on
Mary
a/ c
Crew
College
for
to
pump
Thomas
1st
R.
July 1839
75 to Well Sign L& dgate 6th July
$$3. 50 for cleaning well in Prests Yard...
To $
30 for Grates
1. 55
for
timber
March 17 Prests
May 26. ..
Dew
House
in 1839-
40
Dr
1. 50
�408..
WILLIAM ,
of
Abstract
An
COLLEGE
ND MARY
PACERS,
Students
Year
the
for
attendance
Folder
living
144
in
source not given 1
1835- 1840- -
years
Total
College
number
1835- 1836
1836- 1837
12
69
18
113
1837- 1838
17
112
1838- 1839
30
23
students
132
1839- 1840
Folder
IBID.,
140
Bursar' s Accounts
257
Dr ...
Library
1839
To
July 9
Sum paid
this
for
Smith & Palmer
65. 37
Books
1840
this
May
sum
paid
paid
for
Co
for
draft
a
forwarded
to
Swords.
Stanford
144. 16
Books
for Books
Mr
by
6. 50
Dew
Dr ...
Income [ Expenditures]
1840
Janl
RECORD
po]
BOOK
February
OF
Tunis
Jno
WILLIAM
for
AND MARY
121. 24
plank
COT, T, F,GE
room
occupied
until
IBID.,
1836- 7-
18461,
p.
187.
10th 1840.
Ordered that Mrs Carter be permitted
not
1
for,
by,
the
22d
pp.
in her own house
to lodge such students
in such of the College
rooms
as she has
as may not be
nor wanted for the use of the students boarding with the Steward,
of Feb
-
222- 3.
At a meting of the Society held Monday 26th October 1840
004
The President produced certain printed papers and Pamphlets which had been
presented
his
Late
to
the
Library by
Col
Hugh
Mercer,
relating to the life and Deeds of
father.
Ordered that the Thanks of the Society be presented to Col Mercer for the
same.. .
�409.
The
Bills
following
been
having
were examined and ordered
presented,
for payment vist
Mrs Byrd
for hire
at
Ditto
the
of her Servt
of
House
Reuben
Plastering
at the College- 4 50
2. 25
President
the
6: 72 [
Ned
for
Holt
Bowm
days
like
The Steward
the
work
that nothing
had occurred
But that
College.
38: -
14
24
House
the
sic]
6: -
College - -
chapel
at the
Brafferton
the
reported
of
opening
at
at
whitewashing
for
Bricklayer
n
the
the
8
that
Kitchen
required
and Smoak
notice
House
since
of the
Brafferton House stood in great need of repairs. Ordered
that Mr Richd Bassett the College Carpenter should examine
same, &
do what was necessary for preserving the said Buildings.
IBID.,
226- 7.
pp.
Monday 9th November 1840
Mrs. Colemans
for
Bill
College
the
5
of Waggon
hire
for
1/ 2
days
3$ =
a
horses &
16$ - -
Man for hauling in wood
and ordered to be paid.
examined,
was
Ordered th:;t Mr Richd Bassett be directed to execute such repairs to the
out Buildings of the Presidents house as may be necessary.
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
from
Letter
Vol.
XV,
1st Series,
QUARTERLY. . .
p.
Upshur to Thomas Walker Gilmer]
COLLEGE
Judge
Abel
Richmond,
There :
now
re
one
four
hundred &
expected,
229.
P.
27,
the
in
students
in the present
Novb
condition
1840.
which
College,
is
more
of the country. .. .
than
could
ti.Tm &
Mary College has educated most of the distinguished men who have done
honor,
only
she
needs
received
repairs,
p.
to
not
But
RECORD
be
little
&
the
system
is
to
from. the
aid
the
United
remarkable
of instruction
that
Legislature.
ought
COLLEGE [
to
States; . . .
Wm. &
Mary
College. . .
.
The
College
be
pp.
233- 4]
require
231- 2, 233- 4.
for
Bill
the
of Messrs
Library
Smith &
by
Judge
Palmer of Richmond for Law and other books
to $238: 50 cents was audited
amounting
Tucker
and ordered for payment by the Bursar out of the Library fund
p.
has
extended. . .
1836- 7- 1846],
edifices
At a meeting of the Society held Monday 7th Decr 1840
A
purchased
no
It
OF WILLIAM AND MARY
BOOK
231- 2]
help.. .
or
but
Virginia,
At
a
meeting
of
the
Society
held
Monday
14th
Decr
1840
�410.
111
Phil
and ordered
IBID.,
for 25
Bill
A
of Natl
Lecture
of Antracite
Bushels
room
8$.
to
amountg
coal
a
and hauling
2
96 was presented
for use
by Mr Albt G Southall
to be paid, .. .
234- 5.
pp.
At a Meeting of the Society held on Monday 21st Decr 1840
It was agreed with Professor Millington
that he should provide a servant
for the College for the ensuing year commencing 1st Jana next on the usual
of
terms
WILLIAM
the
Cutting
AND
MARY
Lecture
COLLEGE
room
PAPERS,
wood & c
for
Dollars
Bursar' s
257
Folder
150
Accounts
Library .. .
Dr
1840
To
Decr
this
paid
sum
do
238. 50
16. 50
Palmer
Smith &
Swords &
Stanford &
Co
1841
128 --
do
July
5 "
Folder
IBID.,
Catalog
of
Judah
do
"
Smith &
do
Mar:
Smith &
Palmer
Session
1840- 41,
Palmer
61. 79•
Dobson
11. 07
62.
College,
p.
8]
Total number of students
p.
10]
In the Physical Department
printed
1841]
110; ...
two new lecture rooms have been constructed. . .
and furnished with a very extensive apparatus for illustration.
RECORD
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE [
1836- 7- 1846],
pp.
242- 3.
4onday 25th January 1841
It appearing that Mr Richard Kennon Smith on the night of Friday last the
22nd
glass
Inst
and
Society,
was
one
Sashes
therefore
of
of
party who got
Windows,
several
a
resolved
that
he
drunk,
came
and broke
be
into College and broke the
open
dismissed
the
from
door
College.
of the Tau Chi
�411.
II3ID
248- 50]
P.
Monday 1st March 1841.
At a meeting of the Society . . .
404
Judge
Tucker
presented
a
of
bill
Smith &
Messrs
Palmer
for
five sets of Law books purchased by him for the Library when last in Richmond
to $ 78:
amounting
252- 3]
p.
00 when the same was examined and ordered for payment.
Monday
15th March
Bill
1841
to $454: 49cts
amounting
which
upon
a
of
Ballance
69$.
81
was claimed by Mr Judah Dobson of Philadpa for Books furnished to the Library
in
the
1836,
years
Secretary
37,
38 &
to
ordered
was
being the said ballance
the
to
Bursar
after deducting
examined.
and
presented
was
transmit $
Whereupon
S8. 02 charged for interest; . . .
Mr Dew Paid One Dollar for the hire of Mr James Leets
the whitewashers
260- 2]
p.
before
Monday
The
for
supplied
was passed
the
College
26th April
of
Ballance
of the
use
and ordered
264- 6]
p.
the
61. 79 to Mr Dobson
Monday 19th April 1841.
259]
p.
39
direct
1841.
of
bill
a
College
up
to be paid
24th
Monday
May [
boy assisting
opened.
John
to
Tunis
for
Lumber
1841
19th
Janes
by the Bursar
Sheet
Lime &
amounting
Lead
to $ 112: 23
1841]
4. .
Mr Jno Peirce having applied to have the charge of Mr Bassett
for repairs of damage done by certain Students and which he had failed to
collect
Resolved
remitted.-
that
this
charge
must
stand
against
Mr Peirce, . . .
276= 7.
IBID.,
pp.
Monday
5th July 1841
The following Bills were examined and ordered for payment Vizt
John
M
Anderson
S.
T.
Gregory
and
Bowman
for
Bricks
Ward
for
2
supplied
for Bricklayers
fitting
Sheldon & Maupin
during
of
Casks
for
College
work
to the
2: 75
back
entrance
up the Chapel & c to Novr 1840
for Nail;, locks and Sundry articles
the
22: 75
repairs
Lime
Steps &
7:--
supplied
19: 89
Session
4 •
It appearing that the Turret Bell of the College was cracked and unfit for
use,
Profr
Company
who
Millington
had
having
the
of
College.
the
Bell
was
furnished
recast,
appointed
the
same,
a Committee
and to make
to confer with The Tredegar
the best arrangement he could
for
and put in order before the opening of the next Session
�412,
IBID.,
of
acct
of
Carey &
An
p.
meeting
An
p.
acct
of
Frank
At
282]
a
At
283]
a
hundred
p.
to
dollard
At
285]
a
eight
dollars &
287- 8]
pp.
At
of
50
a
to $60:
amounting
of
Hart
for
books,
amounting
to $20
for
books,
amounting
to $
faculty
the
meeting
for
In
the
-
of the
c
WILLIAM
AND MARY
Catalog
of
on
Monday 29.
1841]
Nov-[
1841]
stove pipe amounting to twenty
Copper &
was passed.
faculty
recasting
on
Monday
College
the
20.
Bell ( of
Dec. [
1841]
D.
Burr &
I.
Co.)
1836- 1846
to T
College
Mary
for
books $
Randolph
a/
held
for
28. 50)
($
Wm &
above
Nov. [
was passedwas passed-
Dew
R.
69]
R.
1.
47.
80 cents was passed-
T.
to
Monday
on
faculty
WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE ACCOUNTS
p.
1941]
Taylor
Mr Millington
cents
A bill
Oct- [
confirmed
meeting
An Acct
12.
Monday
on
Tucker & Millington for two
given by Profrs Saunders,
on the
Bursar; & which
College Carpenter,
Richd Bassett,
was
him,
paid by
was
order
faculty
of the
meeting
An
the
R Dew
1841- 2
Debtor
6 Jan' ry 24. ..
35. 03 were on a/ c of Books
$
COLLEGE
College,
Folder
PAPERS,
Session
1841-
42,
62.
printed
1812]
SUMMARY.
p.
8]
Whole
IBID.,
number
Folder
students
97...
257 Bursar' s Accounts
Account
Dr
of
of Income
Received
and expenses
paid
1842
Jan]
12
"
do [ to
pd]
Carpenters
bill
to Mr Millington
12 --
�413.
1836- 7- 1846],
COLLEGE [
MARY-
OF WILLMAILAND
BOOK
RECORD
316.
p.
Monday 25th July 1812
A Special meeting of the Faculty was held this day at the request of Mr Richd
the
for
Bassett
Bills
several
The
Materials
inclusive
werd
and
Copper
70 -
and
1,
2 3&
wok.-
4 for Carpenters
work &
had
cash
him
by
four
thirty
and the charges wch the College had against
examined;
and $ 200
Shingles
hundred
One
passing his Bills for Carpenters
numbered
Bassett
of Mr
audited &
for $ 30. - :
examing &
supplied to the College from the last Settlement to this day
done &
him
of
purpose
paid
being
and
Dollars
four
and for Sheet Lead &
of
same,
it
a/ c
on
deducted;
appeared
cents
amount $
AND MARY
a ballance
him;
for
of
which
134: 04 an order wc:.s given on the Bursar.. .
WILLIAM
that
to
due
was
of the
Report
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Committee
on
Folder
Ms.
52,
6 July 1842.]
funds,
college
There is still a balance in the hands of the Bursar due to the library fund
of $ 545.
last
the
to
be
69
The
Comtee,
liable
to
no
productive.
The Committee
into
put
good
again repeat their views presented
This
Convocation.
fund,
commission,
would
order,
like
to
improved
the
see
College
Bursars
buildings,
ought
hands,
to
yards, &
be
ought
made
inclosures,
and it is hoped that the faculty,
beautified,
and
by their report to
go into the
out in Books,
be
laid
not
if
&
not
ought
proceed to take some decisive
steps to attain an object so much to be desired
will
so
as
soon
the
college
will
funds
allow,
R M Candlish Ch. m.
6 July 1842
BOOKS
OF
WILLIAM
meeting
of
the
RECORD
At
a
Pn
acct
of
Ths
An
acct
of
Monday
An
Oct.
for
Dobson
Monday
books
for
1836- 7- 1846],
COLLEGE [
held
Faculty,
Green
Jud.
AND MARY
Oct.
to $
amounting
books
l7111, [
amounting
320- 21.
pp.
1842]
36 ordered
to $ 114.
to be paid.
72 1/ 2 ordered
to be paid
24th
acct
of
Kay
acct
of
Prof.
t?] &
Brothers
for
books
to
the
amount
of $ 166. 50-
passed
this
day.
An
day.
Millington
for
books,
to
the
amount
of $
16. 50 passed this
�414.
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Bursar'
257
Folder
s
Accounts
Dr . ..
Library
1842
To
15
October
27
do. Smith,
do.
J.
114. 72
7. 37
Books
Morriss
Dunker &
do
do - - -
21. 37
do
Pennington
166. 50
do - - -
Brother
Key &
do.
22
Nov:
for
Dobson
Judah
paid
"
24. 37
1843
do
Jany
17
Dobson
Judah
do Mr
"
Judge
do
Wiley &
81 --
do
Putn- dm
16. 50
do
Tucker
do
May
do
Millington
55. 72
006
AND
WILLIAM
Dew
R.
65]
p.
Wm &
to
1836- 1846
ACCOUNTS
COLLEGE
MARY
T.
from
$5
Amt
for
Minnegerode
to T.
College
Mary
books &
R.
property
1842- 3
Dew
charged
to
College
Creditor
of which $
IBID
59]
P.
Wm &
Mary
for
Green
To Thos
for
To Phthias
College
books $
cleaning
T.
to
R.
Dew
1842- 3
Dr
36 Oct 17. ..
5 Nov 18 . . .
well $
400
1. 56 for 39 bushels charcoal Feby 3 .. .
33. 16 1/ 2 to Minni , rode for book Mar 20.. .
72 to Harris for shingles May 30 .. .
IBID
p.
69]
To
Wm &
Ths
Green
Mary
College
books $ 36
for
to
T
R Dew
Oct 17 , . .
004
Freight $, 50
to
Phthias
37
1/ 2
on
for
for
books
Nov.
cleaning
Lock
Feby
9
well $ 5
21 . . .
Nov.
00
at640. O0
July 1843
377. 50 was on a/ c Library
3hd
5
5th May
18 . ..
1842- 3
Debtor
�415.
IBID
p.
Wm &
70]
25 for wax. ..
33. 16 1/ 2 to Minnegerode
books
for
T.
to
College
Mary
Debtor
1842- 3
Dew
R.
20...
Mar.
472 to Harris for shingles May 30
O
4 *
e10. 78 to Sheldon and Maupin for books Jany 31
Of
the
above
expenses]
college
[
377. 50 were rec' d on a/ c Library
$
91. 02 1/ 2 paid out on a/ c Same
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Catalog
of
Folder
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Session
College,
1842-
43,
62.
printed
1843]
SUMMARY.
p•
7.]
Whole
RECORD
pp.
BOOK
327- 8]
number
of students
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
1836- 7- 1846]
COLLEGE [
2d 1843.
Jan.
Monday
80. . .
At a meeting of the r'aculty, . ..
0.
4
Shandy was permitted to occupy with his family the College
Kitchen,
pp.
328- 9]
Jan.
An
9th. [ 1843]
acct
Monday
of
amt
the
pp.
330- 1]
of $
to
Monday
Dobson
for
ordered -
books
to
the
amt
of
amt
the
Jan.
Millington
for Coal
delivered
to the
College
8. 12 1/ 2 passed this day.
of Mr.
acct
An
year-
of Mr.
acct
An
Judah
passed this day
24. 37.
to
instead of the previous occupant.
23. [
Millington
of $
for Carpenter' s work in the passed
22. 87 1/ 2, passed this day.
1843]
At a meeting of the Faculty, . ..
An
acct
10. 86 -
An
acct
Dollars,
of
R.
Bassett
for
putting
in
glass- panes,
amounting
to
passed this day.
of
B.
Tucker
passed
this
for Law- books to the amount
day.
of Eighty one
�416.
337- 8]
At
a
An
pp.
acct
three
At
342]
a
acct
45]
of
20th [ 1843] . . .
Minnigerode for Books amounting to Thirty
cts passed this day-
16
the
of
March
Faculty Monday
held
Faculty
Wiley & Putnam
dated
the
17th
8th [ 1843] • ••
the
Monday May
of April
for
books
55. 72 passed this day
to
5th [ 1843]
June
Monday
the
of
Smith
acct
An
the
Prof.
meeting
amtg
P.
of
Dollars
An
p.
of
meeting
for
Morris
Drinker &
books
to $
amtg
6. 50
passed this day.
P.
346]
1843] . ..
12. [
the
June
Monday
edre
Resolved that the thanks of the Faculty be tendered to Judge
W.
of
History
p.
At
353]
a
Maine
Putnam'
Wiley &
the
before
for
Society
of
very acceptable
of
the College
Wm &
1843.
passed
books
amounting
Do
Do
Do
135,
printed.
by
5 July 1843
Alumni,
the
8.
Oct
Folder
PAPERS,
of
library
for
Do
COLLEGE
AND MARY
Address
valuable &
the
Faculty
a/ c
s
Do
WILLIAM
his
to
presented
of
meeting
for
of Maine
Williamson
D.
Wm.
to
83. 84
to
20. 94.
W.
Crump.]
At a meeting of the Society of the Alumni of William and Mary College,
held
After
the
Chapel
the
Wm.
5th day of July,
the
on
transaction
of
the
Crump,
of
Esq:
Folder
W.
of
College,
1843,
its ordinary business,
the Society adjourned to
to hear the Annual Address to be delivered by
Richmond.
62
400
IBID.,
CATALOGUE
ID-
of
the
College
of William &
Mary,
Session
1843- 44.
Printed 1844]
SUMMARY
7
Whole
The
number
number
of
of
Students
students
at
[ 1843the
44]
session
86 ••of
1836- 37
was
-
113
do.
1837- 38
112
Do.
do.
1838- 39
132
Do.
do.
1839- 40
140
Do.
M.
�417.
41
Do.
do.
1840-
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
1842- 43
T.
65]
Wm &
26
Feby
97
80
TD MARY COLLEGE ACCOUNTS 1836- 1846
L- 11. 1i, i
p.
110
1841- 42
$
Dew
R.
to
1. 50 refunded
Haliburton'
May 3
to
College
Mary
s
T
Library
pd
for
to
stones
T.
fund
Cr
1843- 4
R Dew
Minnegerode
by
00 56
College
by
1 50
IBID
Wm &
70]
p.
College
Mary
Dew 1843- 4
R.
21 for Pump 7th July ...
to
3. 73
Vaiden
for
Wire
Oct.
20 . . .
004
for
23 to Goldsmith
Jany]
7/ 29
Nails
IBID
15
May]
Of
the
25 for carriage of books ...
$.
above
WILLIAM
Mary College to T R Dew 1843- 4
Wm &
71]
p.
[
postage] $
AND MARY
COLLEGE
1. 13 was on a/ c Library.. .
PAPERS
Folder
Bursar' s
257
Accounts
Dr. . .
Library
1843
July
18
To
21
Sept
this
sum
Putnam
paid Wiley &
do
Nov
for
Drinker &
do
Franklin
Book
20. 94
83. 84
do
do
do
"
do
Morris
103
1844
It
Jany
Feby
do
11
Mara
4
27
"
"
for
do
Drinker &
do
do
do
Wiley
and
of
Books
Morris &
Putnam
do
do
expences
5 -50
Institute
drayage
of
Books
Smith &
M.
37 --
5. 61
15. 24
1.
13
�418.
RECORD
BOOK,
361]
p.
OF WILLIAM
1.
Jany
R. &
J.
D.
361-
2]
Blacksmith
Lindsey
Brown
Hunt
T.
Jany
8.
Minnigerode
8. 48
15
16. 10
work
Carpenter
15. 45
1844 ...
C.
Stone
F.
for
Edloe
for
Same
accounts
Institute
William
for
subscription
Stove-
for
Lime &
were passed
$
5
Pipe
14. 20.
Shingles
28. 25.
7. 62.
Postage
365.
p.
18/,/,.. .
12.
Drinker &
Smith
Millington &
22. 44
work
bricklaying
James
Franklin
February
Saunders
bricks
The following
TBID.,
Dew
Messrs
accounts were passed
for plank
T.
E.
1836- 7- 1846]
COLLEGE [
Ward
J.
J.
MARY
Present
1844.
The following
pp.
AND
Drinker &
a/ c
$
a/ c
28.
allowed
9.
Morris
Morris
allowed
004
1 9,
Wyllie
18 44•..
and
February
Putnams
account
$ 5. 61
allowed
004
Doubtless
WILLIAM
MARY
AND
Report
for
books,
although
COLLEGE
of the Committee
PAPERS,
do
minutes
Folder
on college
52,
funds
not
to
statement
make
that
effect.
mmg]
Ms.
5 July 18/ 14]
044
There
is
then
ought
which
to pay
fund to improve
There
The
1
is
also
foregoing
July
a
184 ,
of profits amounting
expenses,
repairs
contingent
the appearance
a
to
surplus
balance
the
shews
your
of the college
of the ;
state
Committee
2778. 35.
& c,
and
building
serve
as
a
and grounds.
ibrary fund now in the hands of the Bursar of
of
will
funds
of
the
now. . .
exhibit
College
on
250. 76.
the
a view of the
funds of the College on the 1 July 1844.
2729. 83
excess
This
a
balance,
fund
Balance
to
of
will
improve
Library
all
pay
the
contingent
College
fund
expences,
buildings &
&
ought
to
serve
as
grounds.
261. 81
�419.,
still
They
the
entertain
that no Comn ought to be paid on
opinion,
the Library fund.. .
R McCandlish
Chr
5 July 1844
WILLIAM
from
Letter
COLLEGE
MARY
AND
to
Tucker
B.
N.
Judge
1st
QUARTERLY.. .
Vol.
series,
of
Silliman
Dr.
XII,
Va.,
Williamsburg,
Conn.]
Haven,
New
154- 5
pp.
1844.
29,
July
Sir:
The
is
and
same,
preys
attacked
yellow bug with
half an inch in
small
then
worm
days
the
at
trees
the
the
We
told
are
are
remedy
is? . . .
this
lays
p.
379
At
a
all
meeting
the
the
Lecture
p.
380
AND MARY
of the
same
that
two
an insect
hop
There
year.
that
It
vine.
from which proceeds
egg,
about
tree
is
a
a worm
the
of
first
and
July,
in
ten
at New
faculty
Stoves
held
the
discovered
to let us know what
1836- 7- 1846],
Tuesday
President [
should
have
Haven, &
Tucker
COLLEGE, [
except
Professors
Resolved
last
Will you have the goodness
pest.
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
an
climate)
B.
RECORD
time
first
the
is
the
...
have
you
this
but
years old.
that I know of
The bug itself attacks and injures the leaves.
stripped.
that
for
some
in
There
else
which
length.
(
Sheldon,
hundred
for
College
wings,
appears
trees
C.
Jacob
I am a professor
Between my
a row of the
growth.
extends
They are of the kind commonly called the Dutch elm,
probably more than one
and on nothing
this tree,
on
about
neighbor,
all
are
The
by
which
venerable
of my next
and larger.
older
and
at this place,
of
and Mary,
old elm trees of a noble
William
that
house
it
of
College
overshadowed
be
15th
pp.
Octr [
379- 80.
1844]
Present
Deq.
purchased
for
the
Law &
Classical
rooms
At a Meeting of the Faculty held Monday 28th October 1844
Present
President
Mr Millington
Dew
Profrs
was authorized
for the use of the
Minnigerode
to order
Millington
a pair of 12 inch
Globes
College
IBID.
p.
3801
At a Meeting of the Faculty Monday 4th Novr 1844
Do [
be
Bill
paid]
of]
Profr
Minnigerode
pd
for
Books
13$. 99 -
Ditto[ ordered
to
�420,
p.
At a meeting of the Faculty held Monday 11th Novr 1844
381]
Blunts
Mrs
382- 3]
pp.
Bill
7$.
Bricklayers
Coleman
for
60 ordered to be paid
$ 8. 50
Hauling
Monday 25th Novr 1844
040
A/
P.
c
of Jno
Decr
Monday 9th
384]
Penington
for
Books
1O00 ordered to be paid
At a Meeting held this day.. .
1844
406
Ordered that the Treasurer do pay profr Millington Twenty four
Dollars and 50 cents for disbursmts made by him in Philadpa on
a/ c of the Library
AND MARY
WILLIAM
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
257
Folder
Bursar' s Accounts
Dr .. .
Library
1844
To
Augt
Novr
amt
paid Wiley &
do
Jno
do
M.
do
Wiley &
do
"
D.
Putnam
for
do
Pennington
59. 81
53. 30
Books
28 --
Books
1845
Jany
Feby
May
"
"
11
WILLIAM
AND MARY
July
72]
Wm &
Recd $
7
C.
COLLEGE
T.
p.
Hunt &
E.
Son
for
do
King
ACCOUNTS
56. 81
do
Putnam
35. 50
1836- 1846
Dew
Mary
College
4. 55 for
650
to
T.
shingles
of
Cr
1844- 5
P. Dew
Bassett
4/ 55
04 .
From
Tucker $ 1. 25
March]
11
March]
31 Refunded by Minnegerode
Judge
on
books
on
a/
c
books
n
May 29
N.
B.
There
was
recd
during
1/ 25
this
75
II
95
year
on
a/
c
Library
296/ 45
�421..
IBID.
Wm &
73]
p.
11
To
12
Nov]
Mrs
10
"
paid]
Dr
1844- 5
13/ 99
Books
8/ 50
25
25
books
for
Disbursed
B.
Dew
books
on
porterage
R.
wood
hauling
Porterage
For
N.
for
Coleman
T.
for
Minnegerode
Prof:
" [
26
Mar.
to
College
Mary
24/ 49
Library
IBID.
Oct.
College
Wm &
74]
p.
Refunded
13
Bible $ 7 An.
Refunded
1
Dec
Rectts
AND
WILLIAM
of
Catalog
MARY
4$
Library
a/ c
Session
a/ c
on
Cr.
Dew 1845- 6
to
for
3. 23
books
11.
books
1. 15
330/ 38
fund
Folder 62.
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
College,
R.
Coll-
charged
Millington
by
on
Tucker
Judge
by
T.
to
1844- 45,
printed
1845]
SUMMARY.
7]
P.
Whole number
RECORD
of students
AND MARY
WILLIAM
BOOK. OF
69.. .
COLLEGE [
1836- 7- 1846],
pp.
385- 6.
Thursday 9th January 1845
A Special meeting of the Faculty was called this day on account of the
arrival of Major Christian to audit and settle accounts.
The following Bills were examined and ordered for Payment by the Bursar,
vizt
Sheldon
Wm
for Postage,
Edloe
Vest
and
Bill
of
of
for
and Maupin
Co
for
Editor
J T
James
one
years
Coals & c
goods
Goods
of
Whig
for
Newspaper
Carpenters
for
work--
advertising
54: 35
26: 93
3: 26
3: 50
1: 91
�422,
Likewise
Globes
the
Bill
of
ordered
was
Uriah
to
be
Hunt &
Son Philadpa for a pair of 13 inch
of the
out
paid
fund - - -
Library
28: --
IBID.
388- 9]
pp.
Mond€ ly
3rd
Feb= [
1845]
090
The
of Messrs
Bill
from
26th
to
July
Wiley & Putnam of N York for Books
31st
Decr
last
to
amounting
.55: 81
supplied
ordered
to be paid by the Bursar.p.
390]
of A
Bill
p.
10th
Monday
392]
1845
for
Dunlap
3rd
Monday
Febr=
March
repair & putting
1845
a meeting
up
Stoves
1: 75
of the Faculty. . .
Ordered that 10 Dollars be paid for 2 years Subsn for the
Southn Quarterly review up to Oct- last ...
i
Ditto
pp.
393- 4]
Monday
for
Thudium
Foering &
17th March
2
Stoves
29: 97
1845
Off
Bill
of
John
Bill
of
Ferguson &
Tunis
for
sheet
Milhado
Lead
for
for
Trees - - -[$]
Sheeting
17: 50
Boards
and Scantling had for Shingling of College Chapel
in
July &
Interest
p.
395]
Monday
Geo
Da[?]
Audt
not
1843 $ 28: 38 &
Int. 1 98 but the
allowed.-
31st March 1845.
ugherty
be
paid
26: 75
for Tin work
and Lead rings
round Trees - -
IBID.,
p.
Monday
7th
all
the
406.
July 1845
a meeting
of the Faculty was held this day present
members-
Ordered that Mr Saunders be a committee to have the Brafferton House Shingled,
and
the
floor
empowered
to
of
draw
the
College
upon
the
repaired,
passage below stairs
for the funds necessary
Bursar
and
that
he
be
�423.
IBID.,
pp.
Monday
14th
407- 8.
July 1845
A Meeting
convened
of the Faculty . . .
the
President [ Dew]
for the purpose of taking
into consideration the Resolutions passed at convocations of the Visitors and
This
of
Governors
A
dopy
the
College
of
the
Resolutions
things
a
of
surplus
its
It
income
resolved
repaired,
house
to
all
repairs
Two
of
read-
Which
should
the
contain
forthwith
College
thousand
be expended
of July instant
among other
appropriate $
buildings
Dollars,
or
in the necessary
and
so much
repairs
2000
inclosures
thereof
as
of the College
But inasmuch as the Faculty had already ordered the
be
shingled,
and the Floor of the passage below to be
shall be considered as parts of such reparation.
re
that these works
that
Morever
4th & 5 days
having been
the Faculty
of
sun
shall
buildings-
Brafferton
the
that
be necessary
its
that
to
by
the
on
recommendation
was
shall
and
was
meeting
the
Sashes
and external
Frames
wood work
of the College,
and such internal
parts as may stand in need of it shall be painted with at
good Oil paint.
And the Professors who may remain in Town,
are hereby constituted a committee to attend to the progress of such work &
give the necessary directions respecting it.
least
two
of
coats
Ordered that the old Chemical
Lecture
the
to
and
room,
that
Profr
same and to procure
a new Stove
An A/ c of John T James
47$. 3lcts was examined
Profr Millington
the
Subscn
same
when
to the
being
Journal
Five
paid
Laboratory
Saunders
be
shall be fitted up as a Mathematical
constituted
a
committee
to
about
to
for such room.
for Carpenter' s work done at the college
and ordered for payment .. .
of the
attend
to write
Franklin
to Philadpa
Institn
amounting
was authorized
to Decr
1845
to pay
and to
charge
Dollars .-
RICHP4OND
ENQUIRER
July 16,
1845
Valedictory
address-
William &
Mary
THE
College,
July 1845]
004
Our
class
of Chemistry
apparatus
lofty and well ventilated.
and Natural Philosophy are furnished
rooms
than
can
arranged
and
thousand
volumes,
of
purchase. . .
The
are
be
displayed
found
in
a
almost
anywhere
recently
many of which
Physical
Department
with a more extensive
Our
library, now beautifully
else---
finished
room,
from their antiquity
contains
some
are almost
several
incapable
�424.
RECORD
21st
Thursday
at
a
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
August
of the
Faculty
Granite
Steps
Likewise
from
now
a
for
of
Bill
a
A Bill of Mr Richd Bassett
and
foot -
51$ 10
Amt.g $ 52: 7. 0
per
payment -
Philadelphia
408.
p.
Henry
Minnigerode
Millington &
Saunders
in Town
4s/
1836- 7- 1846],
COLLEGE, [
1845
of Messrs
meeting
ordered
AND MARY
B Reardon
to
amounting
51 feet
carpenters
and
freight
for
8$ was
for
1$
the only members
for
work
on
expenses
also ordered
run
was
of
signed
Stoves &c
for payment
IBID.
411- 12]
pp.
Monday
MrHurt'
At
413- 14]
pp.
a
pp. /{ 1/,-
At
15]
s
for
for
of
brickwork
the
faculty
to $ 57.
amounting
held
on
Monday
for
of
Meeting
35 3/ 4 was passed-
10.
Nov
1845. . .
Nov.
1845
148: 00
painting
Pennington
a
Present The Faculty
[ 1845]
bill
meeting
Porter
Jno
Oct
27.
74: 41
books
the
Faculty
held
on
Monday
17.
0 .
An'
of J.
acct
B. &
H.
L.
for
Ege
book
binding, & c amounting
passed, & ordered for payment.
An acct of Wiley & Putnam for books amounting to
ordered for payment
32: 75
IBID.,
At
a
pp.
of the
H.
bill
Gun -
B.
Reardon -
held
Faculty
for
for
for
packages & c
Quincy'
Semple -
Foering &
Thudium -
for
stove & c
Milhados
for
freight
These bills were ordered
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Catalog
of
COLLEGE
College,
s
$
PAPERS,
Session
number
of
1845.
8. 64
of
Harv.
14. 50
to be paid.. .
Folder
1845-
students
63.
46, printed 1846]
7]
Whole
Dec.
$ 2
SUMMARY.
p.
$
history
Churchill
Ferguson &
1st
Monday
on
$ 3. 13
Lathes
bill
to
was
416- 17.
meeting
Jas.
cents
68. . .
Un.
$
5
$28.
was passed
�425.
Howe,
Henry
HISTORICAL
It is distinguished
Union.
have
the
S.
C.,
1845,
pp.
324- 25.
principal support of the town, it, with
the oldest literary institution in the
for the very large proportion of its graduates
exception
who
Charleston,
and Mary College,
now the
of Harvard University,
William
the
OF VIRGINIA.,
COLLECTIONS
arisen
The
college
of which
General
the
of whom
have
held
the
highest
stations
in
of
History
from
a
London,
that
The
of
100
buildings
MARY
AND
T.
the
crest,
and
eagle,
an
w: s inscribed
the name
the
Bahama.
in
the
go
out
hand- writing of Thomas
of the college.
This
in
plates,
of brick,
ACCOUNTS
COLLEGE
R.
Wm &
16
Paid
to
20
Mary
two
Islands,
volumes
was
folio,
and sufficiently
given (
in
as
for
for
freight
to T.
R.
Dew
and
1845- 6
Dr
1. 60
books
25
2
for
Ladder
7. 50
Chandler
for
posts
6. 40
27
May]
Saunders
25
Feby
green
for
5
Posts
10
for
Expended
RECORD
At
a
of
meeting
An
was
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
of
acct
the
J.
passed & ordered
An
of
acct
and ordered
absent
the
faculty
5/ 50
1836- 7- 1846],
COLLEGE, [
on
Tuesday 13.
for
carpenter'
s
Jan.
work,
p.
423.
1846
amounting
to $ 177: 58
for payment.
some
for
for payment
Prof:
fund
MARY
AND
James
T.
Library
Millington.
timber & c
amounting
to $370. 54.
French."
for the accommodation
Coal
on
on
work was printed
English
large
of
appears
Jefferson)
1836- 46
College
Minnegerode
Tucker
the
of Major-
Dew
75]
Oct]
are
volumes,
students. . ."
WILLIAM
p.
In others
and
never
colored
with
1754,
than four thousand
Some were the gift of the former presidents
Catesby' s Natural
Assembly of Virginia.
page,
should
it
the
Florida,
first
the
on
less
affixed,
arms
patria;
of
others
Carolina,
note
condition
ibi
Spotswood.
Alexander
and
somewhat
Some of the books were presented by Robert
of
coat
his
libertes,
college,
contains
theological.
have
and
Ubi
'
eminence;
library
are
many
Dinwiddie,
motto,
to
some
nation.
was passed
�426.
acct
An
of
to $ 77. 75
Present
The
Prof.
Prof
Bursar
income
The
appeared
work
of
his
70: 02
cents
is
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
and
to
c.
amounting
COLLEGE
for
receipts &
disbursements
of
4308: 02 cents-
settled,
also
the
acct
his
to $
amounting
was
due
settled
by which it appears that an amt of
Bursar.
PAPERS,
Folder
13-
Ms.
A,
Feb
Dear
Carpenter &
ordered for payment.
last,
acct
Library
for
Millington.
July
since
Millington
passed &
was
1846 ?]
2-
Sir
Last winter the President and Professors of William and Mary College
presented
occupied
whilst
a
for
claim
the
by
U.
by
occupied
S.
rent,
the
and
troops.
for
damage
They
French
that nothing had
rebuilding it:
done to the other buildings.
Their
the
that
had no idea that
ment,
or
They
are
the
sent,
paid,
claim
could
their
the
buildings
Presidents
either
rejected,
was
house
conclude
and
evidence;
any
been
Presidents
the committee
suppressed
now
of
rent
to
that
whilst
house
was
burnt
and that the French General had paid
officers,
for
conclude
done
stated,
was
that
therefore,
for
or for damage
rent,
because,
The
the "
committee
memorialists
paid."
they had made
a false
state-
did not send the vouchers.
and I request you to present them to the committee.
I salute you most respectfully.
Richard
Randolph
Washing 2d February
To.
The
Honbl
W.
S.
on
Endorsed
back.]
Archer.
For
Honbl
The
Senate
Letter
RECORD
At
a
acct
of
of
An
ordered
acct
to
be
the
a
AND MARY
faculty
Professor
At
434- 5]
Randolph
Richard
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
meeting
An
pp.
from
of Wm
paid-
Palmer
of
the
for
Archer,
Congress
COLLEGE, [
Saunders
meeting
29th
Monday
on
S.
W.
Chamber.
of $
2.
trees
1836- 7- 1846],
Feb.
held
amounting
Sess.
pp.
425- 6,
435- 6.
1846
7. 50 cents
faculty
1.
on
for a ladder was passed
Monday 30.
to $ 73:
March
1846
20 cents was passed &
�427.
435- 6]
PP-
At
a
of the
meeting
faculty
Wiley & Putnam' s acct. for books,
passed & ordered for payment
Monday 6.
on
April
65.
to $ 41.
amounting
1846.. .
to
up
1
Jan.
last-
IBID.,
436-
PP-
At
7]
a
An
445- 8]
of
acct
At
a
All
Drinker &
meeting of the
the Professors-
An
acct
of
J.
An
acct
of Wm
An
acct
An
acct
of
Jno
of
D.
T.
for
1846
amounting to 043. 73.
cases
glass
July
$
1846
14:
iron
Carpenter'
14. 49
2. 75
work
work,
s
Present
was passed.
Sundries
Lindsey for
severally passed.
for
Friday 3.
on
for
Millington
James
books,
April
for payment.
faculty
Edloe
20.
Monday
on
for
Morris
of Thos
were
held
faculty
passed & ordered
was
pp.
of the
meeting
amounting
to $ 86.
52 cents
was passed.
An
acct
CAMPBELL
S.
PAPERSik
of
Diary( ms)
for
Coles
and
William
Charles
rails
amounting
College
Mary
to $ 29.
was passed.
Archives ( Box
2)
1846]
Campbell-
Wednesday June 3d 1846. . .
Reached
dinner
the
Chemical
the
the
chapel &
hall
looking
queer
about
Wmsburg
visited
tombs
Archimedes'
3d.
the
college
portrait of
Saw Catesby'
that
Sun
she
is
s
of
One
month.
In
in
P. M.
saw
Sir
Stopped
Botetourt'
John
when
descended
the
Hospital.
Got
off
about
6.
the
wife &
saw
according
are
runs
12
Henley'
the
of
out
s
Hotel.
Brafferton,
Bishop
of
After
the
sorts.
Small
Another old
philosopher.
portrait of Commissary Blair.
the
black
Natural Philosophy
to the college by
that
to
elms,
The
Madison.
hours.
presented
compass,
by
Capt
retorts
college
s
at
statue,
original
model. . .
clock
View
of
Another
younger & of his wife.
history of Virginia.
from
Dr.
Stage
in
made
apartment
background,
natural
trip
two
s
Randolph &
Gavallo'
only
another
to
describes
of
screw.
the
the
him,
s
clock
Two of
very small.
clock Cooeval with the
room.
a
O'
is
George
runs
2
College -
boat
him.
Galt
Took a glance at the Library.
name scratched outJ says
Hurried away from the College in a broiling
donducted
well
packed-
down
York
us...
rode a mile to landing on queen' s creek
River
to
GConcord",
where
spent
night.]
�428.•
Thomas
President
at
At
Dew
R.
a
died-
the
Saunders
Robert
for
Faculty
of
meeting
1846- 1879],
MARY COLLEGE, [
had
of
meeting
opening
2- 3
pp.
AND
BOOK. OF WILLIAM
RECORD
held
Faculty
was
1846- 47,
session
2- 3.
pp.
" Prest
acting
on
Oct.
Wednesday
Pro- tem."
1846.]
12,
Oct.
held
14 [ 1846]
Experience having proved the great difficulty of preserving the
library,
the faculty find it absolutely necessary to adopt more strict
regulations
than
it
concerning
Therefore
existed.
heretofore
have
they have resolved that if any student shall tyke from the library
any book without giving notice of it at the time to the Librarian,
he shall be considered
WILLIAM
Typed
AND
copy
Lucy
Miss
MARY COLLEGE
of
F.
Folder
PAPERS,
from
letter
as guilty of an offense of the highest
C.
Mathews
LLunpkin,
C.
Woodson
125- A
in
I
immediate
lodging
of the
the
at
in the " haunted
is
alone,
stairs,
winding
but, once reached,
and " Nova
the
of
day
that
old
get
for
obliged
necessarily
bewildered completely
am
I
a light
RECORD
At
410
a
little
BOOK
meeting
supper,
spiral
obliged to
was
with
from
returning
the
Dr.
or
else,
It
is
24th 1846
Oct.
night,
long
a
to
steps
retrace
conduct
OF WILLIAM
of the
my
to
do
the
that
in
run
the
steps
is
known,
and very
house
and
choice,
my
and
house,)
the
building. . . My
and
the
room,
occupied
by the inmates
difficult
route,
up
of a young bachelor' s bed- room.
ground
in
once
after,
of
to
collateral
inform
being
not
been
name
but
Henley;
to get to it-passages,
comfort,
entire
ensures
being warmed by
to " burn down",
and containing every-
and
Scotia"
is
wing,
has
the
College
North
direct
or
for
.(
of the
from
say it is a difficult route
when
I
conceive,
will more readily
ago,
by
boarding
private
The latter
the School.
I
I
kept
Hotel"
City
thing necessary to the ease and convenience
as
College,
house
Scotia.".
through
permitted,
never
the "
at
walls"
as " Nova
College,
fire
Mary
and
to
Brafferton,
floor
third
the
on
and,
a
with
connection
boarding
now
am
to
Va.]
" Lu"
little
My wish was to board
faculty.. . restricted me
the
Mary,
William &
at
student
Moody,
H.,
William
My dear
grade.
you
the
to
able
and this,
you
up to my room,
that,
coming up after night,
twenty- four
hours,
distinguish
doors.
to " Nova
up
best
I
Scotia", " Nova
could,
sometimes
A few nights
in a collateral
feeling,
vain,
I
passage,
Zembla"
Va.,
and require a servant
me.. .
COLLEGE, [
AND MARY
Faculty
held
Monday
1846- 1879],
Oct.
pp.
3- 4.
26 [ 1846]
Judge Tucker having presented the College with a copy of his book on pleadingResolved
that
the
thanks
of
the
faculty
be
returned
to
him
for
the
same.-
�429..
An
to
four
fifty
IBID.,
At
of
account
of
meeting
75
the
President
the
Present
for
Hurt
H.
brickwork
and
plaistering
done,
amounting
was passed.
cents,
11.
p.
a
E.
dollars
held
Faculty,
Monday
1846]
21. [
Dec.
Saunders] & Professors
temjRobert
pro
Millington &
Minnigerode
Prof.
Saunders was appointed a Committee
to have the necessary repairs
of the President' s house done.
IBID.,
p.
pp.
12- 13.
At
12]
a
AA account
pp.
At
12- 13]
0 .
a
held
Monday
of John T James for repairs
to
amounting
Faculty,
of the
meeting
Hundred
One
of the
meeting
and Eight
4,
1847.
in the College- buildings
Dollars,
was passed.
25/ 100
held
Faculty,
Jan.
Jan.
Monday
11.
1847
4
of
account
An
Thos
done
work
for
Lindsay
as
blacksmith,
amounting
to One 67/ 100 Dollars, was passed.
of
account
An
Jno
Penington
for
books,
amounting
Monday
Jan.
to Eighteen
64/ 100 Dollars was passed.
p.
At
13]
a
An
83/
100
acct
IBID.,
pp.
acct
the
of
meeting
of
Dollars (
and $ 6. 87
18.
1847.
amounting to fifty five
of which forty- eight 96/ 100 Dollars are on Library
B&
J
held
Faculty,
to
H L Ege
general
for
acct,
binding & c-
was passed.
17- 19.
At a meeting of the Faculty held Tuesday March 16 1847
An acct of Wm Hamilton
Franklin
An
Twelve
Institute
acct
of
Dollars
at
$5,
for 3 years
amounting
Griffin & Millington,
37
1/ 2
cents,
was
subscription
to
for
passed.
fifteen
books
to the Journal of the
Dollars,
on
was
passed. ( Library- acc)
Library- account,
amounting
to
�430.
IBID.,
At
a
27- 29.
pp.
held
Bursar
pay Mr.
the
of Mr.
portrait
Faculty,
the
that
Ordered,
the
of
meeting
Dew,
1847
Monday May 3
purchased
G.
Wm
Brown
One
Hundred
Dollars
for
by the College.
IBID.
p.
39-
At
p.
41]
The following bills were presented and passed
a
Mr.
of
meeting
Millington'
the
s
held
Faculty,
for
acct
Wednesday
amounting
paints & c,
30.
1847.
to One Hundred &
Tweffity five Dollars
J.
B.
Fgets
Wiley &
p.
42-
p.
44]
49 1/ 2 cents
acct for Bookbinding,
June
Putnam'
At a meeting
An
acct
s
for
acct
of the Faculty
of
J.
T.
James
Seven
Dollars
held Saturday
for
13
cents
Ninety Three 56/ 100 Dollars
books,
Carpenter'
3 July 1847
work,
s
amounting
to
69: 62 cts was passed.
An
acct
of
Thos.
for
Lindsay
11.
First Meeting of the
s
work,
amounting
to
6 cents was passed
The
Black- smith'
IBID.
p.
47]
Faculty
was
holden
on
Tuesday,
12th
1847]
October [
President
Present.
Minnigerode,
and
Saunders,
Professors
Tucker,
Millington,
Holmes.
The following Resolutions were communicated to the Faculty by
the Rector of the Board of Visitors:
It
was
Resolved:
tendered
PP.
54- 55]
to
Robert
3d January.
Monday.
The following
Mr James
Thos.
1st That the Presidency
Prof.
for
Lindsey
for
1848.
accounts
Carpenter'
s
of the College
be
Saunders.
At a meeting
were presented
$
37. 96.
of the Faculty. . .
and passed.
work.
blacksmith'
s
work
$
1.
38
�431.
WILLIAM
MARY
AND
Folder
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Letter from John Millington
108.
to Bernard
Peyton
at Richmond]
Williamsburg Va 16th JanDI 1848
I am glad to find the idea of establishing a University in Richmond meets
approval. . .
your
My
Saunders
Messrs
colleages
Holmes
Minnigerode &
as
sic]
were
willingness
declared there[
it at first,
very warm about
furniture &
fuel & Servants. . .
But
We must have a Building &
Apparatus & a Lib= & fight be dispensed
for purchasing
charge
and
Apparatus, &
Collection
my own Chemical & Philosophl
is very large and complete,
Specimens
Geological
and
to
also
move. . .
the most heavy
inasmuch
with,
of Mineralogical
my Library of above
4000 volumes on all subjects should be at the services of the Institn
without any expense. . .
IBID.,
13-
Folder
and
Senate,
the
To
Mss.
A,
of
House
of
the
Saunders,
President
That
a claim
years ago,
dond to the
damage,
some
and
rent,
troops,
the
after
of
Representatives
United
the
Robert
States.
and Mary, respectfully
of William
states:
presented to the Senate, for indemnity for
college,
whilst it was occupied by the french
college
was
troops
british
of the
surrender
at
York
in
Town,
October
1781.
In
the
took
the
to
present
the
by
the
MrPhelps,
until
the
and Mr
chairm,
the
offered to sustain
proofs
to the President
of Gen Washington,
letter
occupied
Rochambeau,
the
by
french
General
to
injured
ings
was
Your
memorialist
once
more,
by
troops
whilst
committee
the
the
and
of
committee
At the
probably
told the
favour
present
assented
the
Honbl
made
its
COLLEGE
411/
Jany 7
Feby 31
26
Mar.
Folder
To
"
"
paid
"
"
Richard
Randolph
Drinker
and
Wiley
and
seen
The
justice:
and the letter
statement,
and
solicits
of Count
257
for
Atty for the
Bursar' s Accounts
Putnam
Books
for
Morris
"
"
a
refference
claims.
Randolph.
Library Accot. . .
Dr
1848
report.
have
by his troops
this
on revolutionary
PAPERS
no
H.
but,
is proof that it
eollege,
25th January 1848
AND MARY
or
Thomas
claim,
chairman,
to
lost,
either
shews that a portion of the college buildoccupied
Richard
WILLIAM
on revolutionary
commencement of
of the
session,
1781.
October
submits
respectfully
to the
in
Washington,
fire,
of
close
Bright,
claim,
the
was
are
examining the papers,
in
that he would report
sickness
late
and
returned,
after
representative,
confined
of the
examination.
Mr Colquitt was requested to return the papers
not
are
for
house,
congress,
they
Colquitt,
his
a member
Colquitt,
to
papers
of
session
Mr
our
Mr
the
committee:
mislaid.
Bayly,
being
1846.
of
summer
claims,
Do - -- - - -
10 "
33 50
70 25
college
�432,
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
RECORD
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
59- 61.
pp.
1848]
Monday.
7.
At a regular meeting of the Faculty. . .
Feb.
Bill
Morris'
s
of
Drinker &
Same
for $ 35.
account
general
on
was presented
and
passed.
Also
Bill
the
in
the
with
acc/.
for
Library
S33. 50.
was
also
presented and passed.
Also
the
of Messrs
Bill
was presented and
for $ 70. 25. -
Putnam
Wiley &
passed.
WILLIAM
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
AND MARY
16,
Folder
Mss.
Williamsburg Virga 10th March 1848
To Profr Henry
Sect of the Smithsonian Institn . ..
As
of
Librarian
Institn
to
of Visible
work
which
Occultations
Institution
( thro'
for
medium)
your
during the year 1848 as calculated
deposited
is
Mary College I beg to offer the thanks
William &
Smithsonian
the
College
the
in
And
Library.
I
am
The
of that
Catalogue
by Mr Downes further
directed
by the President and Faculty to say that the Society will be gratified by
the receipt of any future works that the Smithsonian Institution may publish.
110
I was chosen
Librarian
in this
of
knowledge
extensive
rather
Books
institn
John
WILLIAM
That the buildings
Resolved:
ought
to
hereafter
that a committee
visitors
part
for
of
the
whether
it
and
Second
QUARTERLY,
MARY
AND
at
be
occupied
be appointed
a
dining
cost
what
accommodation
room
of
a
by
Minutes,
March
of
Not in bound vol.
dated March 4, 1848,
4,
of my possessing
a
and Languages. ..
Millington
8;
Vol.
p.
261.
called the President' s House and Brafferton
President
and
one
of the
professors,
and
to inquire and report to the next meeting of the
and in what
College,
be provided in the
can
it
can
steward
be
can
done,
be
and at what cost suitable building
erected,
and if the funds
of the
for these purposes.
184844-
minutes
in
Series,
the
College can justify the expenditure
Faculty
on accot
editions,
under
William
this
and Mary
date.
College
There
is
Papers,
a
draft
folder
of
55.]
it,
�433.
WILLIAM
MARY
AND
from
Letter
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
John
Millington
Folder
to
Prof.
108.
Joseph Henry of Smithsonian
Williamsburg
twelve
Above
Natural
Since
taken
our
a
the
place
former
means
resign
the
I
live
RECORD
p.
a
peace -
checking
which request
Library
Philosl
of
this,
has
thousand
and
BOOK
OF
to
likewise
Monday.
3.
two
AND
WILLIAM
other
[
of Mr
of
Hurt
Monday.
Prof
that
he
Mr
Jul
10.
have
disturbed
complete
very
John
July.
Millington
&
Visitors
extensive
Chemical
10$ 000 it will put me to great
1846- 1879]
for
S10. 75.
was presented and passed.
was presented and passed.
1848]
[
from
the
$ 7. 68.
for
James
account
account
Nepotism
1848]
account
An
92- 3]
a
COLLEGE, [
MARY
July
Tuesday.
of
the
especially as I also own the house & land
of ,, he best houses
in Town. . .
move,
An
pp.
and
Volumes
inconvenience
upon,
91]
between
and as
Faculty &
the Visitors have requested the whole Faculty to
been complied with. . .
4s I possess a very extensive
An
p.
acts
College -
our
exists
schism
Appars which has cost me at least
and
90]
our
affairs
of
of many
expense
of
death
in
1848.
William &
in
PhilosL
30th May
I was an applicant for the Chair of Chemistry and
Mary College.. . which I have filled ever since.
late esteemed president Mr Dew, a great change has
ago,
years
Virz
Institution.]
Wiley
[
85.
was presented and passed.
1848]
sent
entitled
for $ 12.
in
to
a
communication
to
for
the
faculty,
submitting
belonging to
himself,
used in the illustration of his lectures from the year 1837
to the year 1848,
amounting in value to upwards of Three thousand
dollars,
according to an a/ c of particulars enclosed in his communication;
Whereupon it was moved by Prest Saunders,
that Prof.
Millingthn' s letter and acct of particulars be communicated to the Visitors
with an expression of opinion on the part of the faculty. . .
An
for
was
account
the
amount
Another
for
the
a/ c
amount
of
Prof.
some
compensation
Holmes,
of
twenty
of
Prof.
of
One
eight
Holmes'
hundred
apparatus,
for books was presented
dollars.
for books was presented
thirty nine dollars.
and
and passed,
$ 28. 00
and passed
$ 139. 00
�Opposite
page 434.
II
ilii0
g?
4") •
0*
t*
-
1
f7!
u
l
rl
E
ilk
bI
g
i'
1
4'
1,
44'
11q
I:
/
1 i
r
III
v.
Ir
1
s
I
J
Watercolor
of Brafferton,
said
by
to be
C.
Thomas
the
Wren
and the President' s House,
Building,
Millington.
r
fir
Vi i
i.
_
1
•
6,
i
1
r
Lithograph
of
the
House,
after
a
Colored.
drawing
(
In
by
Wren
by
Building, Brafferton,
L.
Ludwig, Richmond,
C.
Thomas
William
--.
and
C.
Millington,
Mary
College
ca.
and
Va.,
1840.
Library.)
the
III
�434:
IBID.,
95.
p.
13.
Thursday.
Account
An
from
Coll.
College.-
a
of
[
Prof.
AND
MARY
from
1848]
At a Meeting of the Faculty...
Millington'
Heath
Jas.
for
presented by
printing view of Wm &
Prof. Millington
to the
M
and passed
COLLEGE
Lexington,
for $ 7. 50
s
costing $ 20. 00.
plate
was presented
WILLIAM
Letter
July.
PAPERS,
to
Benj .
Folder
S.
99 ms.
Ewell,
Professor
at
Washington
College,
Va.]
Richmond,
1848
July 14,
My dear Sir
As
President
the College
500 -
you will
yard which
receive $
they have
1000
ordered
an
salary, -
excellent
to be repaired
house
at an expense
in
of
and a spacious garden . . .
IBID.,
Folder
Photostats-
224,
CWI
Balt
Professor
Hewell [
Bevan &
To
To
Marble
Repairing
Aug 15th 1848
sic]
Son
Dr,
Mantels
S 5. 00
Receive
Paymt
Bevan &
IBID.,
Folder
Letter
from
108
Geo.
Sons
ms.
Southall
W.
to
Visitors
of
College
of Wm.&
5th October
Williamsburg
Mary]
1848.
I beg leave to call your attention to the accompanying documents sheaving
the
claim
consumable
of Professor
materials
Millington
& c
furnished
period of his professorship
The
inventory
which
I
Medical
expended
shews
suppose
Class
for
the
should
the
the
item
be
by
the
himself,
amount
of $ 1350
deducted.
of
being
This
College
at
for illustration
total
College. . .
against
account
expense,
of apparatus
during
the
of the subjects taught by him. . .
expenditures
for
on
great
to
expenditures
would
leave
the
be $
5056:
of Mr.
sum
of $
00,
from•
M' s private
3706: 00
�74
Letter.
[ Rear
Admiral]
R[ alph]
Boston [ Massachusetts]
of " Manskin
Lodge",
Mss
W
1
89456 ,
Richmond,
cousin
[
Wormeley, Royal Navy,
Carter Warner Wormeley
King William County, Virginia] .
14 FebPapers ( 1671- 1944) ,
Wormeley Family
Section
four,
1849.
ruary
R[ andolph]
his
to
470- 477 ,
Virginia .
Reference
from
3
Virginia Historical Society,
pp. ,
Not to be reproduced without
Jonathan
Poston.
26,
June
1978 . )
Boston
My dear
Tomorrow I commence
now
[ interlined:
sic]
purpose [
the movements
Party
14th
1849 .
February
Cousin
I
where
.
permission.
my journey to Washington
to remain] a
fortnight and see
of the Drama there to be enacted by the Political
in
the
eral Journals
I
ascendant .
have
duely [
received
sic]
the
sev-
you have been so good as to forward and hope that
you have in like manner received those I have sent you from this
quarter.
I take with me several Books which I desire to present
to
the
on
you
Agriculture
of
England
and
France ;
written by an
American after four years examination of the system of those
You
countries .
and
point
out
must
to
address
the
me
a
letter
of
mode
their
to me
Post
Office
transmission
to
Washington
On my
you.
homeward Journey I passed dear Old Rosegill without landing owing
the
to
long intermission
and
Baltimore.
The
of
descent
the
of
Steamers
the
between /
Rappahannoc [
Fredericksburgh
sic]
was
charming
and while at the Wharf at Port Royal and under the windows
of Mr
Lightfoot ' s residence I felt the cordiality of my reception therein
had
I
gone
on
The Rivers of Virginia and rich Soil of their
shore.
borders offer the greatest advantages of good living and a happy
life with
no
believe
is
other
drawback,
destined
to
be
and that a black one which I fondly
obliterated.
Let
me
but
see
a
Plan
adopted which would promise a successful issue in the long period
of
Century [
phrase
Williamsburgh
residence
sic :
of
in
my
probably
correct
its
?]
mournful
--
I should
then die happy .
delapidation
affected
great
Grandfather [ interlined :
means
John
Randolph (" The
Sir
Tory") ,
me
deeply .
John]
who
The
Randolph
lived
at Taze-
well Hall and whose property was confiscated by the Commonwealth of
Virginia
when
found
perfect
in
he
left
for
England
preservation
as
during
well
as
the
that
Revolutionary
of
the
1st
War. ]
I
President
�R.
of
the
Congress
of
Wormeley
U.
the
R.
S.
his
Brother
Raleigh Tavern where so many political
Revolution
the
Pile
/
found
of
the
on
to
in]
my
names
its
of
Wormeley (
Peyton.
The
1849)
-
it
the
as
Family]
Old
celebrated
is
v
[
a
sic ]
venerable
first Directors appointed by the Crown I
Ralph
land
of
Apple
and
Wormeley
which
of
Randolph.
William
your
local
a
Our
is
Property
your
and
eye
preserve
dominion.
The
first
let
our
habitation
has
Winter
here
in his
native
composed .
now
rare
and
a
[
sic ]
name
in
[
Hold
interthe
interlined :
been
passed [
variety of dinners and balls to the heart ' s delight of
daughters .
My Son joins us from England in April next to seek
his
great
Professional
with
his
such
Lady
and
career
Credentials
Pray
success .
and
present
to all relatives
under
such
me most
and
land
and will
auspices
as
affectionately
friends
around
to
you.
R R Wormeley
111
CSS
(
July
Department
The
3,
1978)
of
Architectural
Colonial
Williamsburg
Research
Foundation
come
ought
Always your own affectionately
Typed :
2-
events had passed before
College
The
W.
large estate to the College and which I believe was a part
original
lined :
dear
closed .
among
the
a
gave
and
is
C.
to
to
your
armed
insure
dear
�435.
RECORD
BOOK
11. [
Oct.
WILLIAM
OF
1848]
At
Ewell] President]
M.. RY
AND
called
a
1846- 1879]
COLLEGE, [
of the
meeting
Page
Faculty -
not
Present
numbered
Professors
Smead
Tucker &
In pursuance of an order of the Board of Visitors directing certain repairs
to be made to the College buildings and constituting the President and Professors
together with Messrs McCandlish and Christian a committee for that purpose Resolved,
that President Ewell be authorized to contract with proper workmen
and
of such work as may be decided upon by that committee,
for the performance
for the purchase of the necessary materials for the same.
Ordered that the Bursar pay to the order of Professor Smead one hundred
and fifty dollars from the Library fund to be expended by him in the purchase
of
for
books
his
account
An
department. - [
rendered
and
dollars
Drinker
by
sic]
Morgan
and
Smead,
Morris
Prof.
for
Professor Ancient Languages. mg]
books & c
amounting
to
fifteen
allowed and ordered to be paid out of the Library
fund.
Page not numbered.
IBID.,
1848.
21st
Nov.
At a called meeting
Secretary was directed to
for fifty five dollars,
Camm,
the
Benson
THE
J.
of the Faculty. . .
write
in
order
an
on
for
payment
the
paints
Bursar
behalf
in
for
etc.,
the
of
Fd-_ , r:
Dr.
College.
Lossing
FIELD- BOOK
PICTORIAL
REVOLUTION (
York:
New
Vol.
1859),
II,
p.
262.
Williamsburg at noon, and proceeded immediately to
of that ancient
and earliest
interesting : localities
incorporated town in Virginia. . . .
Iffirst took a hasty stroll
and Mary College,
the oldest
the spacious
upon
green in front of William
The entrance
to
literary institution in America.. except Harvard University.
live oaks,
the green is flanked by stately
cheering the visitor in winter with
their evergreen foliage.
In the center of the green gtands the mutilated
20,
Dec.
I
1848
statue
statue
its
arrived
OF THE
search
of
Lord
the
the
Botetourt,
erected
was
present
at
out
in
old
the
position.
I
did
best
capital
not
of
beloved
make
in
a
the
1774,
sketch
colonial
This
governors.
and in 1797 it was removed to
of
it,
because
a
student
at
the
college promised to hand me one made by his own pencil before I left the place.
He
neglected
Robert
A
R.
HISTORY
PRESENT
to
so...
Howison
OF VIRGINIA,
TIME (
William
do
and
FROM
Philadelphia:
Mary
College
ITS
DISCOVERY
1848),
Vol.
continues
to
AND SETTLEMENT
II,
p.
BY EUROPEANS
TO THE
471.
flourish
with
strength
apparently
not
�436..
abated.
411
It
regular
and
professors,
MARY
AND
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
RECORD
four
has
an
average
of
one
hundred
Its library contaihs about five thousand volumes. . .
students.
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Not paged.
In 1848 the dissensions among the friends of the College involving the
of
Board
from
the
the
Visitors,
the
Buildings
College
to suspend
and
Faculty
of
administration
citizens
affairs
of
need
such
in
were
the Exercises
the
College
excepting
those
had
of
Williamsburg, springing
and
such a pitch,
readhed
it
repair,
was
of the Law Class
deemed
advisable
for one year to
give time for the excitement and prejudice growing out of the transactions
of
the
two
habitable
Report
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
AND
WILLIAM
William &
subside,
for the Buildings to be put in
&
of Visitors. . . August
Board
the
to
made
to
years
preceding
condition.
Mary
Folder
W.
W.
1865)
Photostat
224,
with
College
2nd
CWI
Vest & Co.
1848
Corn Brocm 1/ 6
2 Wall Brushes
5/ 3.
9
Mr James
31 200 # Nails 5.
p
1 5 gl. Tin Canister
11 gal Jug 1/ 10 1/ 2
19
Octo
1849
April
Recd
2. 00
10 "
6/
1. 31
13. 31
Payment
Vest &
Co
5 July 1849
Folder
IBID,
CWI.
Photostats-
224,
William and Mary College
Dr
1848- 9
August
Patching
2
1/ 2
7
doors
chairbord
Naling
days
of
in
off
top
putting
boy cart
on
carting
rails
room
Jos
door
glass & glazed / 7
P house
and fixing
locks
at
1/
6
and washbord
jobbing
pulling
of
P house
in
Old
smoke
at
9/
house
and
horse
with
fence
up
Jan
panes
of
7 1/
days
at
' 1.
37
cart
Ox
and
2
putting
glass
in
gates
T
James
00 75
1. 25
1. 75
50
3. 75
2. 00
lock
putting
14
blue
repairing
10
panes
October
to
a
way
library & glazed
at
18- 3/ 4
25
10. 31
1. 75
50•
2. 62
�437.
411
426
ft
putting
floor 3/
in
4/
Man
Token
boy
35
at / 6
21
75
Privy
horse
off
taking top
putting
button
set
on
2. 00
grooved
1. 50
and
well
of
1. 00
landing
at
it with
from
covering
in
shelves
1. 88
day
one
up post and gate
four loads of plank
carting
1. 50
2. 50
door
for
screws
cart &
putting
[
sic]
6/
casing
tongued &
10. 60
Privy
each
6
of hinges
for
for
cts
& petition
and
doors
petition
seats
1 pair
2 1/ 2
boxes
sleepers
2
clanking
2
at 2 1/ 2
bords
2. 50
plank
3/ 9
50
63
library
13
38
door
Henry naled up pales
Moving 172 pannels of pales
Moving carage house
and
putting
up
on
road
at 9/
21. 50
5. 00
1
78. ; 1
Brought
78. 41
over
Henry naled up the road moving 160 pannels of pales round
the
garden
end of
and
putting
of 160
up
20. 00
at / 9
6. 40
ct
at 4
rails
pannels
cutting
in 16 inch post in Old pales at 10 ct
putting
12 fa--- s in pales at 6- 1/ 4 cts
in 20 rails in the old fence at 5 ct
putting
62 pannels of plank fence capt at 45 cts per pannel
naling
pales
on
1. 60
75
1. 00
27. 90
1. 50
fence
each
125 pannels of pales at 37
90 pannels of pales planed post headded
5 post headded at 65 cts
9/
2 gates planed and hung
one
gate fitted and hung
2 pair of gates fitted at 15/
14 pannels of pales with wash
gates framed
road door
repairing
at
S1. 35
pr
pannel
121. 50
3. 25
3. 00
50
5. 00
bord
at
7. 00
3/
7/ 6
at
4 plank
46. 87
5. 00
1. 00
taking off 21 doors fitting and hanging with carpet strip at
3/
1 pair off doors
sill to door
piecing
floor
wash
hailing
moving
Silling
four
post &
Privy
loads
rails
10. 50
8. 00
1. 00
1. 00
bord
2. 63
7 steps in P house at 37 ct
16 ft w ash bord at 8 ct
34 st- ps in College
15 Steps at 37-
each
65
at
1. 28
22, 10
ct
5. 62
of
plank
with
52 at / 9.
my
from
cart
landing
2. 50
1. 50
6. 50
399. 51
�438..
Brought up
PuttingPutting on 3
putting
2 window
2
to
sills
locks
P
1/ 6
at
H.
75
25
6/
benches
with
sills
in
windows
against
post
putting
in
bolts
on
in
4/ 6
2. 00
1. 50
road
on
pales
College
room
lecture
altering
one
seller
door
frame
altering
one
sellar
door
frame &
2. 50
2 pair of
kitchen
fitting
sellar
framing
trimmer
trimmer
at
16
case
stair
casing
round
stair
3/
large
putting
jams of
at
21/
19. 60
50
place
case
25
of
8. 00
stair
1. 50
case
hailing 5 loads of plank at 3/ 9
hailing from Sands shop
Casing 9 windows in P H with jams
4 doors jams & architraves
casing
Making 3 doors hanging at 22/ 6
2
1. 00
60 ft
scrs
3/
steps
head
5
fire
round
of
head
doors
floor
Brafferton
50
1. 00
casing
3. 13
25
and
at
architraves
at 10/ 6
each
18/
27. 00
14. 00
side
11. 25
doors
12. 75
4
on
large
at
locks
mortice
2/ 3
1. 50
doors
2. 00
piecing floor
2 set of architraves
fitting
and
rabiting
hanging
in
sills
11
a
at
14
in
molding
under
cutting
windows
lights
7
25
of
pair
at
windows
with
blines
hanging
stiles
6/
1. 84
1/
1/
pockets
4
50
2. 33
1/
windows
7
4. 50
25. 00
1. 50
at
windows
in
Privy
20--
and
1. 80
1. 50
50
casing
sash
5/ 14. 21
Brought
40
ft
jams
1
strip in
to closet
set
of
544. 21
75
over
single
chapel
door
in
P
H
75
1. 75
architraves
piecing round 4 haths at 3 each
1 set of double
archetraves
putting
splicing
down
wash
passage &
w.
1. 37
1. 50
75
room
closet
in
fitting
and
putting
on
putting
strips
putting
in
door
Shelves
patching
bord
2. 00
1. 00
with
hanging
2
locks
strip
1/ 6
at
round
carpet
wash
bord
in
rooms
and
passage
floor
lock
mending
and
studdy
door
door
cutting
on
putting
up
three
chimney
pieces
1/ 6
each
up
stairs
40
50
1. 50
1. 25
25
25
75
�439.
ft wash bord
112
wash
piecing
bord
putting cant
10 sheet of tin
cant
Casing
works
at
9/
15. 25
25
piece
50
and
50
door
and
1. 00
tinning
34
25
door
25
folding door
jams and
with
on
shingles
Shingling
ground
at / 6
strip at
out door
patching
chimney
road
over
road
at
bord
carpet
and
molding
chimney piece
bord for Mr Taylor
post
making
the
at
Old
an
altering
with
rabited
bord
2. 25
architraves
4. 00
stable
weather
patching
hording
on
2. 50
Privy
585. 57
Brought
585. 57
up
house
Braffiton
the
framing
old
the
up
pulling
one
girder
floor joist
of
floor
passage
2. 00
and
joist
the
up
p-- ssing
and puting in
at
bord
string
8
altering
Architraves
5. 00
4. 00
3. 60
12. 00
1. 92
75
cts
carpet
door &
road
case
12. 25
3 1/ 2 scjrs of floor at 21/
90 ft washbord 4 cts
24 steps at 3/
24 ft
stair
strip
1. 00
shelves
in
putting
1 lock
on
2
25
closet
door
frame
piecing
door 21/
putting
on
three
floor
2
dresser
old
fitting
20
in kitchen
2 battern
one
fastening
each
ft
long
up kitchen
hanging 2 doors
hinge
one
hanging old shutter
in kitchen
steps
5--2 door sills
4/ 6
door
sills
putting
20 ft sills
locks
6
doors
and
House
1/ 6
locks
frame
under
1/ 6
63
3. 75
75
1. 50
50
50
50
3. 00
1. 37
33
1/ 6
3/
molding
in kitchen
petition
25
25
2. 50
1. 50
25
1. 00
2. 00
in Presidents
Splicing jams
stares
bline
old
75
50
2. 00
washbord
stripping
6
shutter
2 boad [ sic]
putting
latch 1/ 6
one
lock 1/ 6
on
putting
2
1/
locks
1/
3/
sash
fitting
P.
on
cutting & hanging
and hanging 1/ 6
2/ 3
fitting
patching
6 piecing doors
1/ 6
dairy
1/
architraves
9/
floor
fixing
1
kitchen
on
at
locks
of
house
at
75
25
2/ 3
door
653.
22
�440.
brought
S653. 22
over
1 lock
repairing
Blue room
on
1/ 6
1. 50
50
house
of
top
window
1/ 6
jam
piecing
2. 00
in kitchen
making dresser
44 ft shelves at 5 cts
fitting and hanging door
for
cutting
2. 50
7/ 6
17
and
Privy
wood
bording
post and stud
cutting and hanging
weather
room
window
of
out
sill
25
chemical
the
making 2 draws
2 beads in college
2. 20
putting
trap
75
75
50
37
25
door
room
door
door
lock
putting
on
fitting
and
piecing
sill
jams
to
39
P.
to
Building porch
seiling porch
old
3 dormant
jointing 700
36 sheets of
laying floor
altering
45
stable
and
steps
putting
4. 00
16. 00
6. 00
scaffold
9.
3.
3.
2.
2.
3 dollars
cts
loft
stable
petition
and fastening
dressing
college
5. 00
35. 00
at / 6
tin
in
putting
building
Raising
on
windows
shingles
in
50. 00
house
portico
taking
Shingling south end of
6/
16 sgrs Shingling
at 10 cts
60 ft hip
dressing
50
25
stable
door
loft
down
in
doors
2
hanging
planking
studding
1. 00
front
gate
4 posts at
putting up
at Brafferton
1. 00
gate
50
house
repairing doors and putting shelves in a press belonging to
P house
to
banister
turning
84
porch
00
15
00
50
25
1. 00
7. 00
at / 6
812. 44
Brought
812. 44
up
and
posts
altering 1 pair
putting
of
jams jams[
altering
putting
Sleepers
rails
on
lock
doors
2
in
gate
college
sic]
1/ 6
bolt /
brick
in
at
7
privy
plats and rafter and sheeting
and barge bord
cornice
Shingling
jointing
door
shingling
frame
window
fitting
frame
and
and bline
door
hanging
6/
2. 00
1. 00
25
37
1. 00
1. 50
1. 25
1. 50
45
1. 50
1. 50
38
laying
floor
1. 50
fixing
seats
1. 50
32
ft wash
bord
at
4
cts
1. 28
�441.
frame
well
to
at
end
south
covering
casing
putting pump down
2 pannels fence planked
2
in
of
sistern
plugs
1000 Shingles
2. 50
1. 25
capt
&
1. 00
3/
40
pipe
7. 00
1. 00
colurn
piecing
making 5 battern doors 6/
1/ 6 putting
hanging 5 doors
6 lights of sash at / 7
framing
piecing
hanging
bar
new
1. 25
college
well
and
2
on
locks
5. 00
1. 75
1/ 6
75
2. 50
25
casing well
house door
carage
and
1/
stile
and
1/ 6
door
hanging
42
19
25
33
50
hook
putting lock on Stable door
1/
door
2 latches on kitchen
led
in
pipe
sistern
1 . 25
putting
57. 31
856. 01
Brought
857. 31
over
866. 01
Spout
to
carry
2 old
Altering
Making
3
windless
off
and
chimney
for well
putting
up
75
cts
50
1. 50
each
75
75
50
post
seder
in
putting
frame
door
door
making
water
75
putting
on
putting
seller
1/ 6
1. 00
25
lock
in
in
hangigng
cts
door
frame
and
hewing; post for coved
framing coverd way
63
way
1
45
4
100
casing
1. 25
shingling
at
5. 50
1. 50
1. 25
87
3. 00
door
cutting
hanging
at
man
door
and
latch
3.
carting marl and ---loads of sand 1/
horse
four
300 ft bords
at
3 1/ 2
4 1/ 2
plank
200 ft flooring at 4 cts
ft
6/
shingles
6 Steps
140
3. 57
1. 87
sqr.
2. 00
sqrs
carting
pr
door
jointing
cart
hording
cts
cornice
over
5 1/ 2
1. 20
84
2/ 3
sheeting
ft
hood
1. 25
weather
sqrs
sqrs
2. 00
8. 00
sash ---
lights
1/
up
cased
window
12
naling
at
3 days
at $ 1.
37
ea.
4. 13
10. 50
6. 30
8. 00
�442,
411
topping
fixing
house
smoke
in
locks
50
1. 25
college
925. 91
By
To
Balance
Jan.
pd
14th
and
IBID.,
Folder
pd
259.
and Mary
William
1850
in
error
Due
15th
Nov.
To
Edwin
H.
Credit
addition
1849
full-
in
370. 62
554, 29
1, 00
555, 29
450, 00
105, 29
ms
College
Hurt
Dr
1848
to
24
Octo.
4 days work a 9/
3 days
hireling
per
6. 00
day
3/
a
1. 50
paid for ma.teriLls
1 painted Bucket
27
1/ 1/ 2
"
3]_
work
days
1
hireling
1. 50
1/ 2
2. 25
days
a
3/
75
1849
6]
Mar.
0 .
III
April
"
Moving
Houses
bargain
per
30. 00
0
11]
" $
17.
"
5.
May]
"
li
paid
3
12.
"
Buckets
painted
1
Sperm
paid
for
Joe
days
a
Job.
a
94
37 1/ 2
turfing
around
riming
2
round
bricking
pointing &
for
31 1/ 4
Candles
Houses
Walls
around
job draining
9. 00
.. .
College
6. 37 1/ 2
13. 00
June
6.
180
9.
Cash
It
June
9]
[
11.
feet
Scantling a 2 1/ 2
paid for 11 posts
paid Mr Childress workman 6 days
paid Mr Moore workman 6 days a 9/
6 days a 3/ 9
to] paid Apprentice
for 7.
Posts
paid
1
1/ 2 Barrels
1 Waggon
li
Nails
10
••"
II
li
a
Kitchen
Building
It
Mr.
IT
IT
II
rr
Lime
for
pointing
5/
1. 00
a
5,Z
10
li
a
9/
5/
59
75
00
00
75
75
25
62 1/ 2
50
38696
50/ 100
135. 43
pillars at front Gate
for 3 days pointing
Childress
12. 00
Bricks
layed
a $
3
paid
do
paid Mr. Moore for 3 days
do
do
Albert
Mahone
3
paid
Cutting out for Door & cleaning
3600
a
load Sand
10
16
of
4.
2.
9.
9.
3.
1.
2.
Bricks
a
5. 50 100 per 1, 000
away
rubbish
4. 50
4. 50
1. 87 1/ 2
2. 00
19. 80
�443.
18
10
1
30]
"
Nails
li
Barrel
1
Load
do
pointing &
li
10/
a
12
li
a
5,i
1. 60
1. 62 1/ 2
c
62
16.
Grates
out
Materials
...
Setting
3
10
Sand
Setting
taking
July . . .
5/
for
a
Lime
timber
for
3
9/-
a
in
24. 00
Chimneys
2. 00
pointing
Grates
1. 00
9/-
a
4. 50
006
July]
tto]
4
6
• •"
136 ftt.
112
plank
ft.
plank
2
"
Setting
Grate
7
"
32 ft.
11]
Mending
17]
"
21
"
Laying
Running
cts.
pr.
ft.
3. 40
1/ 2/
2. 80
9/
plank
a
front
Repairing
2
a
1/ 2
2
a
1. 50
1/ 2
2
Steps
to
in
plastering
80
College &
College
fastening
211
Measuring
Hearth
end
up Stairs in kitchen
Stpps & platform
to College
stones
yds
a
25/
6. 50
52. 75
50
10. 00
000
24]
"
3
running
Augt.
3]
"
Houses
9. 00
Porch
to
pillars
5. 00
Grate
resetting
about
helping
111
3 Small
Underpinning
1. 50
Mantel
piece
1. 00
SO
8
•"
Kitchen
315 Yds
plastering
for Cleaning out privy
a
25/
78. 75
paid
10]
"
11]
"
It
Augst
14]
18]
"
"
plastering
Laying 3 Hearths
Setting 2 Grates
2
Laying
Setting
24 Yds
privy
in
3
Grates
in
Chappel
Small
Yds
Paving
in Kitchen
plastering
in
25]
"
1
Work
27]
"
1/ 2
Setting
Setting
2
Grates
Stove
in
Stuff
of Self
about
in
do
25/
15. 00
7. 50
3. 00
Brafferton
"
Self
a
25/
6. 00
Inch
Days
a
House
ft plank.
Days
60 Yds
House
50 Yds
Stable
24]
a . .
4. 50
Presidents
in
48
"
1. 50
3. 00
1. 00
56
29]
3/
9/-
plastering
1/ 2
a
9/-
a
6. 00
Hearths
Underpinning
Underpinning
20
25/
Braffeton
a
plastering
Augt.
a
50
a
2
a
25
1/ 2
14. 00
125 Yds
on
Mantle
1. 20
Mantle
25/
31. 25
piece
2. 25
a
piece
Presidents
House
75
a
9/-
3. 00
1. 00
1/ 2
�444.-
1]
Sept,
"
in
plastering
Presidents
in
Kitchen
8]
Sept.
to]
[
Repairing
a
18. 75
yard
a 254
75 Yds.
tops of Chimnies
of President' s House
12. 00
6. 00
East
Mr
paid
houses &
whitewashing
fence
at
Brafferton
0]
Sept.
Brick
"• . •
18]
about
work
"
for
paid
door
for
"
Scowering Brafferton
Cleaning &
27]
"
for
paid
Flours
fire
2
Repairing
6. 50
3. 00
9/
a
places
7. 00
College
in
rooms
cleaning
Brafferton $ 1. 00 . . .
to
Windows &
21.
3. 00
Kitchen
Presidents
out
Cutting
12
8. 00
Laying hearth 3/ .. .
29]
"
1]
"
9]
"
Oct.
pavement
Laying
of
feet
192
.
67 feet
House
s
8. 80
...
50
Stove
Cooking
up
putting
President'
a
Scantlin
2
Flooring plank
1/ 2 /
4. 80
a
a
3/
2. 01
00
IT
12]
•
13
1. 10
44 feet Scantlin a 2 1/ 2 /
106 do Flooring plank a 3/
25 feet plank a 3/
plastering
Rebuilding
done
Work
3. 18
75
Yds
pantry passage &c 40
Kitchen fire places
in
on
Self
Cistern
a
10. 00
25
4. 50
6. 00
Days
3
f •
Oct.
13]
"
Repairing
36
rebuilding
fire
in
place
paving
40. 00
5. 00
4. 50
32 Yds
Yard
furnished
to
Sand
Bricks &
paid bawling 500
a $
Landry
privy in College
Sand
Landry 20Yds.
plastering
It
3900 Bricks a 3. 50 13. 65
privy in College Yard
of College
8 Chimnies
Building
D.
a
25/
20/
H.
8. 00
4. 00
0
Mahone
f•
18]
Work
"
20]
40
"
feet
ft.
96
Work
20
13]
ft.
to
paid
Wm
Well
at
South
side
flooring plank
Scantling:_a
ft.
409
Augt.
on
61
19
Weather
2
on
Boarding
Hooker
Well
for
at
of
1. 50
1. 83
College
3/-
1. 00
1/ 2
Flooring plank
done
a
a
Presidents
10000
10. 23
2 1/ 2
2. 88
3/
a
M
1. 00
House
Shingles
per
a:.
cct
45.
00
�445.
IBID.,
Folder 260
Wm &
Mary
6,
Dec.
and
IBID.,
Wm &
Coledge
To
1848 -
garden
Folder
April
paling .
224,
amounting
Photostat
College
Mary
1849:
14,
R. &
itemized
to $
J.
Ward
account
for
rails,
posts,
147. 62]
CWI.
WmsBurg
Dr
To
Jno
Innis
1849
18.
Janry
1032
ft
In
Bds
clear
3, 172
ft
1/ 2
In
clear
a
306 "
May
307
4
Flooring
a
In
w
a
2.
"
clear
w
clear
608 "
Flooring
301 "
June
new
p pine
with caps
2
4
7
1541
feet
204
7
July
4
3 90 ft 1/ 4 Inppine plank
3. 317 ft 1/ 2 in
pine
"
Colums
In
Clear
ft
304
Boards
and
w
a
new
200
mouldings
Cart .
a
plank 2
49. 04
6. 52
3.
feet
49. 69
36. 13
13/
25 feet P pine
123
pine
11. 20
21. 28
Cart
Bds
Flooring
3
50/
900
$ 37. 84
321. 89
pine
Steping
a
21/ 4
w
46. 98
3
Clear
11.
pine 4
04
58. 02
192. 88
4. 50
188. 38
RECORD
BOOK
Wednesday
OF WILLIAM
17th
Jany
AND
1849.
The Bursar appeared
Library account amounting
hands.
Income
MARY
account, &
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Meeting of the Faculty.
and settled
to $302. 97-
Page
not
numbered
.. .
his accounts as follows: leaving a balance of one cent in his
showing a balance remaining the hands of the Bursar
2899. 92.
The
services
April.
cents-
Nov.
Apr.
for
Bursar
to the
was
ordered
to
advance $
to Mr
James,
Carpenter
for his
Dr Camm presented an account for paints of S176 dollars and 76 1/ 2
ordered to be paid. #
This sum includes the order passed
passed &
21st
1848.
25th [ 1849]
carpenters
The Faculty ordered Fifty dollars to be paid to Mr James
work
A letter of thanks was ordered
in
70.
College.
return
for
a
donation
to be written
of Mineralogical
Specimens
to Mrs Cornelia
M Griffith,
�AND MARY
WILLIAM
In_ this
COLLEGE
folder
PAPERS,
Also
dated
specimens
IBID.,
is
April
letter
Ms.
1849,
from
letter
a
Ewell,
a
99
W.
F. Hopkins to President Benj . S.
enclosing a long list of chemical apparatus
and books which he would like purchased for the College.
dated
Ewell
3,
Folder
F.
April
to
the
Folder
N.
18,
from
of
Page
Gloucester
to President
County, Va.,
that he is sending some mineral
stating
1849,
College.]
260
Ms.
In this folder is a list of philosophical
and
322. 4. 0 No dateAlso
itemized
22,
1949,
for
Air
Pump No. 5;
Whirling
Machine;
IBID.,
99,
from
Benj .
not
complete.
philosophical
4367.
totalling
Folder
Letter
for
bills
May
list
25
has
dated
apparatus
been
21,
May
totalling
restored.
1849
and
including
respectively,
Press & fixtures;
30 unit Electric
Magic
Lantern;
charges
& c.]
Ms.
to
Ewell
Major
Christian,
Bursar]
Williamsburg
Dear
for college
and $ 203. 75
Hydrostatic
table;
apparatus
Manuscript
June 17th 1849
Sir
The
portion of the policy
College buildings
is- " The
written
the
insuring
of [ Protective]
President
and
Insurance
Masters
or
Company
Professors
of William & Mary at Williamsburg
Va
Ten thousand
dollars
Building, & wings attached and a part thereof situated in the
Williamsburg in James City County, of Brick Two Stories high about
feet,
and covered with Shingles being Bntirely detached, havigg
of
the
College
on
the
College
of
Suburbs
108
no
140
by
buildings
other
College
erected
was
nearer
about
than
a
at the
Century
distance
ago
of
the
of
more
best
than
English
100
feet -
materials,
This
is
plaistered & finished, and in good preservation is valued by the Mutual
Assurance
Society under their Policy a.t $70, 000 - $ 20, 000 is insured on the
Building in the Mutual assurance office of VirgL and $ 10, 000 in the AEtna
of
Office
Hartford
Ct -
a description
of which furnished by Ro Anderson EsaL
buy Philosophical & Chemical
apparatus for the College have resolved to direct purchases to the amount of
81600 I wish to transmit what has not yet been spent to Professor Hopkins,
that you will make a deposit to my credit at the Bank of
beg, therefore,
is
on
file
in
this
Virginia. of $ 400 -
hundred
dollars
enclosures. . .
for
office"
-
The
Committee
to
and I will ask you to deposit in like manner from 1 to 2
expenditures
in repairs
of the
College
Buildings &
�447.
IBID.,
Folder
Photostat,
224,
William &
CWI.
Mary College
To Thos
Dr
Lindsey
1849
Feby
17th
To
Apl
2nd
To
repairing
hooks and
11
To
2
To
clamps &
25
26
To
To
pair
2 Scrapers
1st
To
one
10th
To
hooks
hinges
50
To
12
To
repairing staple
4 hinge hooks
To
21
To
altering
17th
To
latch
18th
To
2
May
16th
crow
nobs
bolts
for
for
24
75
50
for
1. 00
hinges
Ketch &
2
2
Ketches
staples
and
nails
staples
hinges
for
48
25
hinges
for
clamps
hinges
for
nails
post
and 2
24th
To
hasp
13th
To
To
to
putting bottoms
for same
4 blowers
To
altering
To
June
42
25
75
1. 50
25
staple
2
nails
To mending
2
75
1. 75
post
gate
hinges
and
hook
To
To
for
for
scraper
nails
20
63
1. 00
nails
latches
To
25
Roler [?]
barrs
hinges
To
23rd
brass
40
50
25
7. 18
staples
grate
12
putting
bottoms
repairing
3 blowers
To
2
drills
for
stone
50
To
6 Clamps
for
stpps
1. 00
To
To
putting bottoms to 6 grates
6 blowers & nobs on 2 barrs
To
26
hook
To
23rd
turning
To
To
16th
for
3. 00
1. 25
barrs
2
4 grates &
57 1/ 2 lbs at 9d
Colums
repairing
to
3
grates
51
1/ 2
lbs
at
9d
6. 43
3 grates
1. 25
for
2. 25
same
76
lbs
at
9d
9. 50
4. 75
6 grates
2. 00
51. 51
3[ sic]
Amount
brought
51. 51
over
for
To
2 hooks
To
2
To
28th
13 coal shovels at 3/
13 pokers for grates
To
straps
Credit
for
31
grate
for Machine
50 Pounds
oald
38
6. 50
each
3. 25
361. 95
iron
at 2
cents
1. 00
60. 95
Oct.
14th
184h
Repairing
75
locks
61. 70
Received
July
the
payment
5
1849
Thomas
Lindsey
�448.
IBID.,
Folder
Photostats
224,
CWI.
1849
Wm &
to
from
boards
inch
L
at
Norfolk,
4, 50
15/
2, 00
4 large columns
poach
cement at 1/ 6
4 bls.
20th
Aug
of
ft.
Wm.
Sch.
Lively,
for
8th
June
Chas
1800
5th
May
Dr
College
Mary
1. 00
7, 50
Folder
260
STOVE WORKS,
MARYLAND
3 No.
1
2 "
2
1
Sett
Carbon
fire
200
2
1 No.
IBID.,
11• .
33. 00
12
24. 00
1. 25
Stone
Brick
Iron
a
3 1/ 2
7. 00
21
4. 00
1. 05
Pump
Pipe
Folder
College
The
May 26th 1949
a
Do
5 ft Lead
Baltimore,
a
Grates
"
Soap
Hert,
E.
Lively for Chas Lively
Wm E.
IBID.,
of
payment
R.eciteved
a
Photostats
224,
of
Wm.
CWI.
and Mary
In Acct:
Edwd.
with
Dr.
Camm
1849.
Ma.y 21.
To
Green
15 lbs.
Paint
62 1/ 2
a
4th
June
1
9
"
19
June
1
"
1
put:
Keg
Brush
"
"
20
31
1 Tar
2 No.
1/ 2
37
20th
in Oil $ 1. 75
Pt.
5.
Br:
at
10th
at
July
10
"
Aug.
Aug
4
"
4th
1
18- 3/ 4
at
Tools[?]
2 ----
gal.
1
lb.
Litharge
1
lb.
Cemt:
5 Kegs
Sp. Turp.
1016--- Pt:
16
"
12
1/ 2
62 1/ 2
1 Pt:
Brush
68)/
2
$ 1.
1 W. W.
1 lb.
Aug. 23.
57 1/ 2 1/ 2 gal
1
2. 67- 1/ 4
13. 74
Br.
pt.
5. 65 1/ 2
60/
Lead
9. 85
1. 31- 1/ 4
1 Pt
[ sic]
Lead a
at $ 2. 22- 1/ 4
12. 08- 3/ 4
57 1/ 2
Br:
Lead
Br
W.
Brushes
No.
25 lb. W.
2. 22- 3/ 4
July
spts.
pt:
31- 1/ 4
6 Kegs
22nd
at $ 2. 22- 3/ 4
Lead
W.
2
31- 1/ 4
a 38/
Brush
pt:
Grd:
63/
Brush
2 Kegs
25/
Br:
Span:
Brush
1
gal.
57 1/ 2
Turpent.
6th
6 Kegs
at $ 2. 22- 3/ 4
1 W. W.
Brush 75
Whiting 6- 1/ 4
Turp:
gal. Sp:
Varnish $
Sap:
W.
14. 46 1/ 2
Brush
1. 50- 1/ 4
1. 50
2. 75
1/ 2
�449..
27.
2 W. W.
"
at
6.
Sep.
"
1
gal.
at
Brushes
Sp:
"
1 Var:
12
"
4 lb.
1 lb.
13.
"
6 Kegs
15.
"
1/ 2
W.
in
87 1/ 2
lblb.
Oil
1 lb.
"
1/ 2
lb.
1
"
5 lb.
Putty
at
24.
"
5 lb.
Chr:
Green
25.
26.
"
"
7-
a:
3 Kegs
1
4. 75
Green
62 1/ 2
W:
2
10i
Lead'
19th
at
Paper
Wrap:
28- 3/ 4
28.
"
1/ 2
62
lb.
7. 60
37 1/ 2
1/ 2
25
75
16
1. 02
1/ 21 lb Litharge
1/ 2
3. 38 1/ 2
4a
3. 13
57 1/ 2
gal Sp:
7. 05- 3/ 4
Turp:
68- 3/ 4
10
Litharge
Turpent:
28- 3/
1
4/
lb.
Litharge
10/
38- 3/ 4
drayage
Freight &
83
Comm-
15
1/ 2
10
at 4
ochre
28th
40/
1 lb.
Spts:
gal:
1/ 2
25
Varnish
Cop
Turpent:
4 qrs
15. 86 1/ 2
Turp:
gal Sp:
2 Var:
Brushes at
glass $ 2. 25
1 gal:
Lead at $ 2. 22- 1/ 4
Sp:
8x10
1/ 2
8x10
29th 1 gal Sp Turp 57 1/ 2
4 In Red
25th
Box
Box
1. 82 1/ 2
pt:
1 lb Litharge
1
1
62 1/
at
Yellow
Chr:
21.
50/
1. 72
62 1/ 2
87 1/ 2
Oil
in
12
2. 32 1/ 2
at
10/
at
S20
1 Brushes
Varnish
Pink
Rose
Green
Chr.
2 No.
Varnish
Jap:
gal:
lb.
12
gal Jap:
Br:
glass $ 2. 25
at $ 2. 22- 3/ 4
4 lb. Chr:
at
Lead
57 1/ 2
2. 03
Varnish
Litharge
Verdigris
Turp:
1/ 2
172
62
S.
57 1/ 2
10th
Br:
1 3 qts
Litharge
Sep:
1 lb.
Turp:
87 1/ 2
10
75/
57 1/ 2
123. 02 1/ 4
By
2
kegs
lead
white
7. 75
returned
1/ 2
118. 56- 3/ 4
Receipted
back]
on
Feb.
Received
2.
Ed.
IBID.,
Mr
Folder, 224,
Ewell
Photostat
of Wm &
President
8th
Whfge &
Mary
hauling
To
15th
To
16th
0ctr
Waggon
To
hauling
hauling
hauling
20th
To
B.
Carom
S.
per
Ewell 118. 56
Bunting
J.
CWI.
load
Dr
College
To Jno
June
of
Coke
1849
boxed to Town
of
window
waggon &
Shutters
tumbrell
window
blinds &
waggon
load
of
load
Mantle
of boxespiece - -
Castings
1.
2.
3.
3.
50
25
00
00
2. 25
12. 00
Recd
Wn2g,
Nov
15th
payment
1849-
of
Benj,
George
H
S,
Coke
Ewell
�450.
RECORD
MARY
AND
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Page
not
numbered.
July 4th 1849
f
Ordered
year, and
out of the
not
that
the Bursar be informed
the expenditures
enough
of
out
AND DIARY
WILLIAM
the
interest
the
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARYLAND
cost
of apparatus
that
he
be
No.
Photostat
224,
B.
24 Light
1
14.
1 "
1/ 2
184-
1 No
1
Grate
14. 00
14. 00
10. 50
1. 00
Drayage
10. 50
75
Grate
1
1 "
Drayage
Ret
21. 00
39. 50
11. 25 _
50. 75
10. 50
do
do
2
CO.
1
Boxing &
2 "
BARTLETT &
Grate
Boxing &
31.
CreditBy
to
Street
Stove
Chandalier
No
1
HAYWARD,
of
1
July
authorized
Ewell
S.
Bought
1849,
within
CWI.
Baltimore,
Mr
bought
be collected.
Folder
WORKS -
STOVE
and
due,
previously
until such interest
fund,
principal
of
revenue
th t the
Brick &
31. 50
19. 25
2. 60
Box
21. 85
Payment
Recd
Aug.
Folder
49.
Bartlett & Co.
Hayward,
IBID.,
15th /
Photostat
224,
J.
Per
T.
Beebe
CWI.
William &
Mary College
To
1849
July
25th
222
16th
feet
clear
1
1/ 2
6000
feet
one
inch
1032
August
feet
per
J.
hauling 6000
feet
white
plank
T.
order
landing
Co
Dr
8. 88
4/
pine
per
James "
"
from
Cowles &
S16
96. 00
16. 49
at
3/-
121. 37
3. 00
124. 37
Recd the above in full by a check
Bank
Wb
Oct
5th
of
on the
Virginia
1849S.
the
on repairs of the Buildings and grounds are to be defrayed
and if this be
College for the year ending
July 1. 1849.
Cowles &
Co.
use
the
�
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PDF Text
Text
451.
IBID.,
Folder
Photostat
224,
CWI.
Baltimore
S.
B.
Mr
Elwell [
30,
July
1849
sic]
of
Bought
Manner
Waesche [?] &
Locks
75
3. 00
4 Mineral Knobs
7 Brass Keys
50
2. 00
25
1. 75
4
Mortice
1
1. 37
Rim Lock
In
4
8. 12
Paymt
Waesche [?
per Thos
jc& Manner
R Watkins
Receipt
IBID.,
Folder
Photostat
224,
CWI.
Wm and Mary
Bevan &
1 Egypt,
Lefever
Mantle
Gothick
Do
1
Plain
1
"
Dr
Sons
1
To
July 31
1849
College
To
July 14
14th
Aug
Balto
50. 00
37. 00
Do
20. 00
Black
Do
Do
20. 00
127. 00
Payment
Recd
check
by
on
Bank
of
Va.
Richmond
Bevan &
IBID.,
Folder
William &
224,
Photostat
Shingles
August
CWI.
Mary College
Dr
10000
Son
13th
to Mr William
Hooker
45. 00
at $ 4. 50
Received
payment
of Mr.
Edward
Wm
1849
Hurt
Hooker
IBID.,
Charles halled two loads of shingles from landing for College at 3/ 9 pr load
August
13th
49
J.
T.
James
�452.
IBID.,
Folder
Photostat
224,
CWI.
Balto
Mr
B S
Bt
Ewell
Mineral
2
1
Hdle
Flush
pr
Rn
62
Locks
15
Aug
of Wayche
1849
Manuel [?]
1. 25
88
1/ 2
Bolts
2. 13
Wayche
Payt
Recd
IBID .,
Folder
Manuel [?]
Photostat
224,
CWI.
August.
Baltimore
Mr
B.
S.
1849
Ewell
Bot
10
15.
lb
C
of
F J
Holthaus
37 1/ 2
Green
2
2
2
gal
gal
8
lb
Box
Hafe [?]
Copal
2. 37
9x11.
1.
Var
3. 75
4. 75
3. 50
1/ 2
75
50
Cane
Grund
Black
12
1. 00
1/ 2
1. 20
30 lb Putty.
1
12
No
1
10
No
88
1 W Brush
1
50_
16. 08
1
50
Case [?]
16. 58
Recd
Paymnt
F.
IBID.,
Folder
Photostat
224,
CWI.
College.
To
Wm &
2
6
"
Mary
To
1849
July
Holthaus
J.
Screw
1
1 pr
2 "
Driver
Butt
Sheldon &
Maupin
50
3/
Hinges
1/
6
25
24
Augt 14
"
"
17
"
2/ 3
75
Large Ditto
3 doz Screws d 6 2 Locks 13/ 6
4. 75
Nails
74 1/ 2 d
1/ 6
Glue
41/ 6
1 Litharge
1 Iron Pot
7/ 6
23
"
1 Paper
9
"
Septr
"
2
27
"
3 pr Large
3
"
99
yds
1. 50
38
50
1/ 6
Ditto
1/ 2
44
1. 00
2/ 3
B--- [?]
24
5. 50
Butt
Hinges
Cotten
at
10/
1. 13
2/ 3
Paid
for
Coal
1.
44
�453.
1/ 2
4
"
doz
"
15
"
28
"
Paper
Nails . ..
"
24
10
20
7
1
Gr
2
Stock
Door
8
1
Stock
"
13
"
17
"
1
19
"
1 pr
"
-
2
1
7/ 6
2/
1
Hinges
1/
"
"
1
doz
1
1/ 2 "
8
"
1
"
1 pr Hook &
Eye
4 doz Screws -
9
Rec
Pay
Screws
at
0
Folder
William &
at
Lock
Photostat,
224,
14
to
24
to
29
30
3/-
17
Screws
1/ 2
doz
at
54
Screws
21
1/-
41
17
26
4 1/ 2d
4/ 6
1
lb Wrot
Nails
1/-
75
Hinges
1
3/
1/ 2 doz
Screws
9d
4
1/ 2
d
.
69
50
37. 76
Maupin
CWI.
to Thomas Lindsey
1849
to puting
screws
To 5 clamps for
August
1. 75
Mary Colage
6
the
at
doz
Do
Nails
Jany 12 1850
Dr
July
2. 50
1/-
Sheldon &
IBID.,
1. 25
63
9d
Do
1/ 6
2. 08
Knobs
3
3
5
Stock
B
3---[?]
Mahogany
Butt
Paper
3/ 9
Lock
Lock
1. 00
1. 88
d6
at 776
Locks
doz
11. 77
at
Latch
Pad
11. 39
38
4/ 6
10-
6/
Putty
2"
22
Nov.
4/ 12
at
Buckets .. .
Screws
1
Cotten
Tacks
24 1/ 2 "
6 [ To]
Oct.
Spools
to
to
to
to
in
By Henry
By Hunt - - - to 50 nailes
for hinges
By Mahone - - 12 nails
for hinges
By James
two hooks for hinges
By Sam - - 50 nails for hinges
By Sam - - 6 clamps for Balastra. te
By Sam
16 nailes & one clamp By Sam - one
long Brace for Balustrate
By Sam - -
to
two
to
20
to
4 latches;
September
8
Pair
of
for
hinges
Gates
two
clamps
221bs
at
1. 38
1. 00
25
50
1. 00
2. 00
63
75
2. 75
9d
- - - -
4 ketches & 4
make
nailes
50
steps
hinges
for
nailes
to
t, o 8
pump
stone
for
staples
for
gates - -
Portico - -
50
&
mending
clamp - - - Braces for Portico
12
to
13
to
24
26
to
laying
to
13 ketches
altering
drill
make
two
for
puting hooks
hoes[?] - - - -
for
window
Blines
40
3. 00
28
25
in windows
By
Taylor
25
1. 00
By
Taylor - -
1. 00
�54.
October
1
to
to
10
8
two
make
to
make
to
hooks
hooks &
tap
1/
to
18
to
make
to
repair
locke
for
shovel
By
By
By
for kemicle
stove
pipe
-
-
38
1. 00
12
same
James -
hinges
-
Taylor
By
gutters
for locke
repairing
12 nailes
By James
staples
for
-
-
same
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
roome
-
-
-
-
-
24
75
25
-
20. 43
Nov
5th
hinge & making
Repairing
bolts
for
88
pump
21, 31
Recd
in
full
of
the
from
account
above
Received
IBID.,
16th
Nov
W421.
Folder
Pay
S,
Ewell
Thomas Lindsey
1849
Photostat
224,
Benj,
CWI.
MARYLAND
No.
STOVE
24 Light
WORKS
Street
Baltimore
Mr.
B.
W.
Ewell
Bought
1849.
Aug
17
Paid
Oct. 13
2
Freight
Large
161 "
Paid
1
30
Iron
Bartlett &
1
1
No
1
Dutch
2. 00
at $ 10. 00
20. 00
11. 27
7
50
1
Drayage
25
1. 75
Pump
8. 33
7
HB &
Co
5. 00
87
oven
freight
33. 02
10. 00
Pipe
119 "
Co.
Firebrick
on
Pumps
Pipe
Freight
Cistern
Paid
of Hayward,
2. 00
Drayage
2. 25
25
26. 45
61. 47
Deduct
6. 56- 1/ 4
54, 90- 3/ 4
IBID.,
Folder
William &
224
Mary College
To
N
August
Dr
1849
Sept
24
To
furnishing
1 " Universe
Cooking Stove"
Packing
Complete
55
1
56
Oct.
25.
Reed
payment
N
August
�455.
IBID.,
Folder 224
D.
5 1/ 2 days
William
in
work
H
H.
Mahone
Brafton
assistant
Mahone
c
1/ 2
5
Daniel
H Mahone
one day haling
2 days haling Sand --[?]
5. 50
days - - -
yeard
4. 13
1. 25
Bricks
Sistpen
2. 40
Albert haled 3 lbs of Sand at 20 pur
lode
William
Brickes
2. 85
H Mahone
horse &
Note]
of
2
cart
Mr
Hurt-
up
to
half
3&
3. 50
day
Please pay the above account taking a receipt in full
there
as
yesterday
are
dates
no
in
the
account-
Benj,
S,
Ewell
Oct llth 1849
Wrnbg
19. 63
bL. ck]
On
16th
Oct.
1849
Received
of
payment
the
Daniel
within
H Mahone
William
IBID.,
Folder 224.
1849
October 17
Williamsburg
Williams
Detr
to paper
to
9
hanging
of
pieces
4 match
puting
To
nailing
up
at
94 yds
laths
on
and
To
65
1.
Velvet
Borders
to
paid
paid
Bolts
of
-
William
at
20
at
50
Each -
2
muslin
-
-
at
H Taylor
per Bolt
Each
cts
-
-
-
6- 1/ 4 -
-
College
-
-
-
-
-
on
paper -
-
-
-
-
-
4. 50
-
-
-
-
for
freight
33. 00
cts.
-
Border
62 1/
Marys
sewing muslin - -for 200 laths
5 papers of tack and 9
paid for washing the 2 parlors Igo 30 Bolts of sealing paper at 40 cts -
to
H Mahone
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
lb
of
2. 50
5. 87 1/ 2
-
-
-
nails
-
-
.
.
-
-
-
75
62 1/ 2
1. 35
50
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
12. 00
50
61. 62
to
52 days
work
to
traveling
at
1. 75
per
day - -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
91. 00
152. 62
Expences - -
to
Baltimore
7. 75
160. 37
Recd
the
above
in
full-
Wbg
in a check
Oct
17th
1849
on the
Bank
William
H.
of Virginia
Taylor
�45hm
IBID.,
Folder
224.
411
Baltimore,
Right
For
Rev.
John
Mary
College,
19
1849
Johns
Wm &
October
of
Bought
Importers
No.
40
9
Bs.
Gold
20
B.
Sat.
4
B.
Match
69
B.
and
Brothers,
Manufacturers
of
Baltimore
Paper
Hangings,
Street. . .
Paper
Sat.
Plain
B.
207
Va-
Williamsburg
Howell &
40
novel
vel
Border
Entry
Paper
16. 00
1. 00
9. 00
8. 00
40
Border
75
Paper
20
Lining
3. 00
13. 80 _
49. 80
Balto.
Octo.
Recta
30/ 49
Paymt.
Howell &
Per
IBID.,
M
Bros.
D Mettie
Folder 224.
Richmond
William &
Octo
20th
1849
Mary College
Bought
2-
4 in Elbow pipe
4 " Straight "
1-
of Jas.
R.
Anderson
340
960
1300
Hauling &
at
52. 00
4/
Wharfage
50
52. 50
IBID.,
Folder
William &
Mary
260.
College
to
E.
Hunt
Dr.
Oct.-
Dec.
044
Oct.
27]
to
Laying
Nov.
5]
to
57 feet
Dec.]
800
to
s
to
Laying
pipes &
of
step
sundry
stuff
8
ct
2. 50
1. 71
6. 60
brick
25
jobs
yards
paving
6. 25
1849]
�457.
RECORD
BOOK
A
6th
Nov:
Tuesday,
the following
Resolved:
time
in
the
in
attendance,
College
in
conform
1846- 1879]
At a regular meeting
Judge
by
the
in
Tucker,
College.
consideration
to
respects
the
Dear
numbered.
of the Faculty, . . .
in behalf
This petition
of the
small
number
laws &
regulations
COLLEGE
students
of the Law Students,
was disposed
of by
of students
at this
governing
the Academic
PAPERS,
may render it necessary-
Folder
224.
Richmond
S.
not
that they may be called upon to vacate their rooms whenever
of the academic
AND MARY
Benj
Page
the Petition of the law students to be permitted to room
First,
granted on the following conditions.
that they
Second,
an increase
WILLIAM
be
all
Students.
room
COLLEGE, [
resolution.
That,
in
MARY
1849-
to
permitted
AND
presented
was
petition
be
to
OF WILLIAM
Nov
7th
1849
Fifty
two
50/ 100
Sir
Ewell
Esqr
Williamsburg;
Your
favor
3d inst
check
Enclosing
for
dollars
in full for my Bill for pipe has been duly Received for which please accept
my thanks
I
am
Sir,
J.
By
IBID.,
1849
Folder
Wm &
Respectfully
Anderson
S.
R.
Archer
224.
Mary College
to Wm
To
R.
Dr
Durfey
49 Days work of negro man Jack at 3/ 9d per Day- - 50 Laths at 9d
9d
pr Do
15 feet white oak Sill at 10 cts
1560 Shingles
at 6. 50 pr M
To 900 at Same
To
2 month &
5
Day
Board
of Mr
Taylor
Cr.
by
at
-
25
1. 50
15. 92
/
2
48. 30
21. 66- 2/ 3
69. 96- 2/ 3
$10
1. 66 -
S30. 62 1/ 2
-
-
1. 66
68. 30
Omitted
6 1/ 2
68, 36 1/ 2
Red
Pay
of
Professor
B.
S.
Ewell
Wm Durfey
Williamsburg
Nov
21st
1849
�458.
BOOK
RE66ttB
llth
Deer:
Tuesday
AND MARY
6F WILLIAM
1849-
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
At a regular
meeting
Not paged.
of the Faculty. . .
It was resolved
that the Reviews,
subscribed to by the Faculty, be
left in the Blue Room for two weeks after the date of their receipt.
LAWS
AND
REGULATIONS
Richmond:
1.
the
exceed
shall
the
He
Damages
The
5.
to
shall
students,
No other
9.
The
graduates
and have the
on
the
decorum
p.
VIRGINIA
Papers,
Mary
Folder
5] .
the
their
direct,
to
number
College
buildings,
in
conjunction
including
the students'
rooms
to
the
students.
enclosures
or
done by
grounds,
to them generally. . .
shall
required
be
to
room
in
be allowed
but
College;
them to room at a private
shall
the
to
the
settled
have
yard
month
a
it
and
for
under-
by
the
for
special
house.
to room in the College
while
free
garden,
building.
rent.
He
shall
not
charge
and washing for such as board with
He shall also purchase fuel for
graduates,
them.. .
to
of
He shall have the privilege of
meals.
Faculty.
delivered
among his boarders
18]
He
shall
preserve
order
and
at his table.
LIBRARY.
1.
The
Library
the Librarian
5.
two
it,
be
and
students,
of
one
of
may permit
than $ 10
to
terms
IN
Wm. &
ROOMS.
buildings,
College
furniture
room
[
in
to furnish meals to such of the undermay elect a Steward,
board elsewhere.
He may reside in the Brafferton House,
of
use
more
students
assign
students
do not
AND MARY,
Pamphlet-
provided the expense in any one session shall not
graduates
Faculty
as
AND
appoint
be charged
under-
6.
him,
the
the Faculty
reasons,
hiring
shall
OF WILLIAM
1849.
repairs
enclosures,
8200.
2.
the
President,
and
rooms
BUILDINGS
Faculty
The
with
COLLEGE
Colin,
COLLEGE
14]
p.
OF THE
and
Shepherd
be
twice
open
a
week
for
one
hour,
at
such
time
as
may prefer.
Students
volumes
shall
at
shall not be permitted
a
time.
to borrow
from the library more
than
. . .
7.
Students shall not go beyond the counter of the Librarian without
his permission. . .
046
p.
SERVANTS
21]
AND
COLLEGE
FEES.
640
Students
3.
sick,
unless
and
their
twice
a
boots
day.
shall be entitled to no other services
than
or
to
have
shoes
their
cleaned
rooms
once
cleaned
a
day,
from the College
a
their
servants,
lighted,
day;
and fresh water put in their rooms
up
once
fires
�459.
WILLIAM AND
111
MARY
and
Receipts
and
itemized
and
chemical
RECORD
COLLEGE
Folder
for
statements
philosophical
OF THE
BOOK
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
of
purchase
in
apparatus
WILLIAM
OF
1848- 54] •
260, [
this
also
materials,
books-
some
1846- 1879],
MARY [
AND
building
paints,
-
Page
not
copied.]
not
numbered.
and
Ewell.
At a meeting of the Faculty July 5th 1850Present -
Dr Totten -
John -
Bishop
Smead -
Hopkins -
Professors
eSe
Resolved-
That the sum of seventy
Philosophical &
Professors
Chemical
Hopkins &
Smead
of Mr Ewell for expenditures
The
of
sum
to the
were
chosen
a
Committee
to
examine
on repairs to the College Buildings
the
account
and Grounds-
dolls-
58, 25
was directed to be paid by the Bursar to Prof Hopkins of the following Philosophical Instruments-
for the purchase
1 tourmaline
Polariscope-
1
Reflecting
Polariscope.
1
Crystal
Calcareous
1
1
five dollars be appropriated
paid to Prof Hopkins-
Departments - &
Simple
Groves
of
Microscope-
12
Battery
1
1
set
of
Spar
for
double
Claude
Figures
of
Polarization-
RefractionGlass -
Lorraine [?]
1
Guage [
Rain
sic]
Cups-
IBID.
At a meeting of the Faculty July 6th 1850 . . .
The following
report
of Mr Ewell
on the repairs
to the College
Buildings
and grounds during the latter portion of the year 1848 and the years 1849 &
1850
directed
was
of
to
be
recordedand
Apparatus,
the
Report.
of
The
the
Committee
College
entrusted
with
the
Buildings,
and grounds
has been laid out in the purchase and
repairs
of the Chemical & Philosophical apparatuschiefly by the Professor
of Chemistry,
and Natural
The whole
sum expended
in repairs
is
Philosophy28 dollarsThe repairs have been extensive4903,
A considerable part of
purchase
report that the
the
moved
built-
the
the
frames,
a
made
new-
the
the
and enlarged- out
aBd up,
grounds clea.
kitchen
attached
to the Brafferton
house re-
cleaned
the
Presidents
house-
College
Building -
well
as
and
porch,
been
repaired -
of the
inside-
painted-
and
wells
of
yard
sum of 2000 dollars
has
enclosure
houses
repairs
doors
and
as
the
of
covered
Presidents
House
repaired &
the
the
wqr
out-
the
pumps
the
cellars
palings
Brafferton
built
the
painted-
to
the
House
the
in them -
drained-
is
front
but
yard-
repaired -
President'
plastering
This
put
a
the
cistern
made
woodwork-
in
outside
The Brafferton and the President' s houses
round
refitted-
latter
and
of
an
the
s
the
flooring, window
the plastering mended-
HouseCollege-
outline
of
the
and
the
interior
the
of
wood
various
the
work
repairs-
�460.
Many of them were actually necessary for the preservation of the BuildingsA
proper
to
attention
and to the comfort of those residing
neatness,
on the
College Grounds would have justified the expenditure of a larger sum-
...
That the resolution of the Faculty of Nov 9th 1849 permitting
to room in the College Building be repealed-
Resolved-
Law Students
A bill
for the
subscription
of the
Franklin
1849-
IBID.,
allowed, &
was
Pagd
not
An
Called
Ewell
Account
be
to
paid -
Institute
from
June
1848
to
to 7, 50 dollsPrest
Johns
numbered.
23d [ 1850]
Dec.
Professors
ordered
amounting
J.
June
Meeting
Tucker
of the
of
Totten &
Southern
the
Present
Faculty-
Bishop
Johns
Prest
Smead.
Review amounting
Quarterly
to
S5.
was passed
ordered to be paid.
An
Account
the
of
Sil7.
ma.
n'
American (
Journal
s)
of
Science
of $ 5-
was passed.
410
WILLIAM
AND MARY
BURSAR' S
COLLEGE
BOOK
1850- 1875
14]
p•
1850
Oct]
27
To
Steward'
year &
28
Do
pd
Sands &
s
Dr]
uninvested
Fund
Capital
House -
New Building
of
as
out
Coles -
Capital
balance
per
a/ c
House &
erected
order
for
this
661. 00
...
Steward'
s
1046. 25
c
IBID.
20]
p.
1850
Income
Sept]
21]
To
do.
pd
p.
18
to
paid
M.
Rowland &
J.
Fund
Smead'
Bros.
amounts
Dr
as
brot
s
account
per
up
order
for
Cr.
music-
21. 75
Dr
Cr
�461.
April
21
7
RECORD
regular
of
price
pd
David
do
pd
John
of
the
Cowles
T.
the
of
S.
James
of
for
a/
for
the
bowling
ten
Page
Reviews -
be
At
the
fIt
regular
was
of
the
Faculty. . . [
that
the
College
become
of the
Faculty
April
meeting
resolved -
but
date,
No
not
numbered.
this being the subscription
was
presented, & ordered
paid out of the Library Fund- An account of Drinker
furnished during the past year was also presented- . . .
to
36. 13
12th [ 1850] ...
dollars -
English
90. 65
alley &c.
carpentry &c
1846- 1879],
March
Faculty.
Woodhouse
Nash &
republications
for
a/
COLLEGE, [
MARY
AND
meeting
account
An
do
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
the
At
To
To
Feb]
& Morris
after
a subscriber
March
for
12
Reviews
above]
to Sillimtan' s
journalAt the
regular
meeting
At a previous
discontinued
MARY
from
Letter
Protection
Etna &
Insurance
ARCHIVES-
COLLEGE
George
F.
Holmes
to
George
Gov.
old
is
Williamsburg
not
Frederick
Holmes
Papers.
Ms.
Floyd.]
B.
J.
Burk'
Poor
of the College
companies was ordered to be
.. .
AND
WILLIAM
.. .
special meeting of the Faculty the Insurance
in the
Buildings
[ 1850]
16th
Garden,
s
They
quiet yet.
Tazewell
had
a
Co.
severe
fire
20th
April,
there;
1850.
add
the whole place is in commotion to turn out their present pester and put Dr
the
Totten
Brother!
There
are
12
The
Dec.
that
of
desecration?
twenty
are strangely
students
AND MARY
in
It
the
reported
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
the
College
is
College,
his
in
worse
after
place.
all
than
Shade
the
d--
of my
d
foreigner!
of whom three are non- paying,
as deformed.
Folder
13-
A,
Ms.
1850]
United
To
not
only
and two more
WILLIAM
Vice- President
Yankee
is
the
States,
College
of William
and
Mary,
Dr
000
For
rent
of
the
Palace,
say)
houses &
six
years,
c
from
at
May
35000
1776
per
to
July
annum
1782)
___
hj0 000
�462.
the
value
of the
For
one
years
rent
of
the
For
one
years
rent
of
a
For
of
the
The
the [
Equal
in
to
College
and
per
of
the
War, (
house
his
Doxhill
the
annum;
for
Williamsburg,
College;
for
say)
of
yielded
these
seven
the
IBID.,
Folder
A
13—
Printed
Ms. [
use )
burnt
being
estates
rents
000
5 000
buildings
in
rent
annual
were
equal
years:
1. 000.
)
an
estates
the President and Professors have an equitable
sum,
2d
the
10
mansion
house
Brafferton
sic]
c1800.
consequence
31st
of
president
Palace
lost
to
of .£ 367. . 12. .
the
to $ 12. 600.
for which
claim on the United States.
report].
SENATE]
CONGRESS,
REP.
NO.
Session.
IN
SENATE
OF
THE
December
Submitted,
Mr.
1.
College,
UNITED
COM.
219.
STATES
1850.
12,
and ordered to be printed.
WALKER made the following
REPORT:
Committee
on
president
The
and professors
praying
compensation
r volutionary
That
this
Committee
war,
claim
to
Claims,
Revolutionary
of William
whom
and
Mary
for the destruction
ask leave
appears
to
was
referred
College,
of certain
the
in
memorial
the
buildings
State
of
of
the
Virginia,
during the
to report:
have
referred,
been
Claims,
on
a
former
occasion,
to
the
reported adversely on the 29th of January,
the 6th of February,
1845.
by the Senate,
referred-The claim has since been repeatedly
the list reference being on the
14th of January,
1850;
but no favorable report has ever yet been made.
committee,
The
after a full examination of the additional papers submitted,
can find no reason for coming to a different conclusion from that to which the
on
and
1845;
committee
Revolutionary
this
came
additional
report
in
1845.
papers,
was
which
concurred
Indeed,
for
to
in
the
committee
the
same
find
additional
reasons,
in
the
coming
It is to be presumed
taken by the committee in 1845 were known to the memorialists
the
date of the present reference;
yet nothing is submitted
conclusion.
that the objections
from
to
that
the
and
time
to
committee
conclusions
to
of
obviate
the
those
committee
objections,
of
1845
no power to draw any other inference
were
or
to
show
that
the
deductions
leaving your committee
objections cannot be obviated,
erroneous—
than that those
and that those deductions and conclusions are fully supported by the facts
Your
same
a
committee,
part
of
therefore
their
present
adopt
the
report.
report
above
referred
to,
and make the
�463.
JANUARY
The
Committee
on
president
and
29,
1845.
Claims,
Revolutionary
to whom was referred the memorial
of William
professors
and
College,
Mary
in
the
State
of the
of
Virginia,
praying compensation for the destruction of certain buildings during the
of
rent
for
the
memorialists
" that,
state
the
to
prior
Revolution,
which they preside was endowed with funds sufficient
of the
founders
the
by
and
of
the
College."
that
war;"
the
State
Theyallege "
of Virginia
houses
called the palace,
commonly
memorialists
then state,
and show
The
have had the
same,
same under
and beg leave to make the following report:
consideration,
The
and payment
war,
revolutionary
the
institution
over
to carry out the intention
that their income was annihilated
to
gave
the
institution
with all the public
by an exhibit marked
" the
lands
interest therein."
No.
2,
that the palace
was given up to and occupied by the United States troops for a number of years;
that
that
during
from
troops
The
object
and
the
the
the
and
palace
1781,
to
application
college
July,
1782,
is
obtain
to
house
large
a
that the
state,
October,
of
in
houses
the
park
burned.
were
were occupied
The
by the French
for which occupation no rent was paid.
the
rent,
in
the
park.
and payment for the palace
The memorialists further ask indemnity for a loss
the
war
of
Revolution,
house
sustained
in
time
further
memorialists
by
the
by the confiscation
of some landed
estates
England.
The
after
committee,
conclude
that,
and
property
that
that
it
was
now
ask
mitted
destroyed,
that
by
given
the
remunerate
by
it
of the
belonged
State
for
college
It
compensation.
the
investigation
facts
submitted
in
this
case,
at the time the palace was occupied by the continental
the
to
that
the
on
the
Commonwealth
in
college,
for
very losses
be observed,
will
memorialists,
the
to
in
part,
to
reference
1776,
June,
troops
Virginia;
depreciated
its
which,
by
15th
of
add
to
condition,
the
memorialists
No.
voucher
2,
the legislature
sub-
set
apart
the palace and out- buildings
for a public hospital;
and,
while thus possessed,
as
stated by the memorialists,
was
burned.
palace,
There are no dates specified,
in any of the papers
submitted,
showing the periods at which the segeral
the
transactions
to
which
they
Department,
accompanying
property then belonged
the
conceive
sustained
injured
of
the
transpired;
refer
them,
that
shows
to
the
but
the
a transcript
took
burning
Commonwealth
of
from the
place
Virginia.
The
in
State
1781,
and
committee
that
cannot
with what justice the memorialists
claim compensation for this loss,
by Virginia during the war, and which was given by the State, in its
and
depreciated
losses
to
condition,
sustained
that
by
the
college,
institution
by
the
after
of
reason
war,
that
in consequence
Nor
war.
can
the
committee discover the propriety of the claim for the burning of the president' s
house,
that
to
the
the
of
claims
is
the
set
No.
admitted
legislature
amount
voucher
rent
it
since
passed by
for
given
president'
up
by
the
s
it
was
rebuilt
which
that
was
submitted
4,
that
of Virginia,
purpose
by
house
the
was
is
three
memorialists,
paid,
memorialists.
The
the
by
not
French
dated,
thousand
the
From
King.
the committee
pounds.
committee
That
the
prayer
of the
act
By reference
conclude
that
the
and that there exists no pretext for the
committee
therefore
recommend
ought
to
the
adoption of the following resolution:
Resolved,
an
infer
memorialists
not
be
granted.
�464.
BOOK
RECORD
OF WILLIAM
6th [ 1051]
Jan
bill
A
allowed
James
and ordered
1651]
account
An
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Page
not
numbered.
Regular Meeting of the Faculty: . . .
of Mr
January 14. [
AND MARY
of
of $ 11-,
for
to be paid.
Regular Meeting
Griffin
Barnes
done
work
the
in
President'
of the Faculty.
for
ten
s
house,
was
...
pins & balls
amounting
to $ 21-
was allowed and ordered to be paid-
IBID.,
Feb.
Page
3. [
not
1851]
Called Meeting of the Faculty.
of
Board
The
numbered.
Visitors
annually an Adjunct
struct such classes
the
College
having . . .
authorized
of Mathematics,
Professor
in Mathematics
.. .
be
shall
as
them [
the
to
Faculty]
appoint
whose duty it shall be to inassigned
and to render such assistance
as
Institution
the Faculty may require therefore
now proceed to such appointment.
Building,
to
him,
to
reside
in the government
in
of the
Resolved that the Faculty
IBID.
Feb.
9. [
27. 50
Feb.
1851]
Account
An
18.
Bill
cts
Regular meeting of the Faculty....
furnished
by the late J. M. Maupin amounting to
presented .. .
and ordered to be paid.
for wood
was
1851.
of D.
Regular Meeting of the Faculty.
for
Cowles
S.
making
...
Alley
Bowling
to $ 90.
amounting
65 cts.
was ordered to be paid.
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
1851
Feb
PAPERS
Income &
By
Cash
To
13]
"
pd
pd
By
John
T
Jno
Folder
257
Expenditures
M.
David
Maupin'
S.
s
Cowles'
of
a/ c
a/ c
Bursar' s
Accounts
College]
for
for
wood
to
bowling
R.
H.
Armistead
alley &c
Exor.
27. 50
90 65
X. .
April
7
James
pd
his
account
for
carpentry & c
36
13
�465.
RECORD
OF
BOOK
h
llt'
March
AND MARY
WILLIAM
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Regular meeting of the Faculty.
1851.
Not paged.
...
Professors Totten and Ewell were appointed a Committee for superintending
the
on
repairs
upon which they were authorized to expend a
House,
Brafferton
sum not exceeding
Six hundred
dollars.
Another bill of J James amounting to 634. 13 cts was passed and ordered to
be paid
30.
May
Special Meeting
1851]
[
A bill for lumber
bought
of the Faculty
of Ferguson
...
and Milhado
amounting
to Sixty dollars
thirty seven cent was allowed and ordered to be paid.
Also
of
bill
a
AND MARY
WILLIAM
from
Letter
H.
South.
the
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Folder
to
Washington
A.
Review
Quarterly
( Benj
99,
1848.
22
Campbellton
I
be
not
it
him. . .
Totten
Doct:
presume
would
Should
the
will #
determine
faculty
my Department Political
Economy -
of
Ancient &
Nases
IBID.,
Folder
Modern
15
the
copies
1851.
June 22nd 1851
again
s
this
books
on
Summer.
there &
Should
of Vatel
of Tytler'
copies
Atlases
North
June
procure our text
that the Doct:
fifteen
for
procured
of Say' s
to
o
for him to
better
allowed.-
Ms.
Ewell)
.
of S5. 00 was
the
get
Law of
Universal
If
so,
bring them with
Books,
I
History &
wish
15
Nations -
15
copies
copies
each. . .
260.
William &
Bot
College
Mary
of Maupin &
Hansford
1851
1
gal
Best
Lamp
Oil
1
Pad
Lock
3/-
1
1
doz Boxs
Feby
15 "
25 "
6 "
2
Bed
April]
24
1
Box Glass
June]
13
2
Lights
January
3
8 "
To
12
20• . . . . 1
Panes
Box
Matdhes
Glass
Cords
10x12
8 by 10
Glass
13/ 6
1. 50
9/2
5/-
10x12
2/ 3
9/-
a
Ditto
7th
a
2. 00
pr Tongs & Shovels
12 Panes Glass
6d 29th
a
1
Bed
13/ 6
Cord
2/ 3
3/ 9
10x12
1: 75
a
6d
2. 00
1. 13
2. 25
08
�466.
IBID.,
To
108,
Folder
from
Letter
the
Ro.
Ms.
to
Saunders
of
Bd.
Rector &
3 July 1851]
Visitors,
Rector,
and Visitors
of William and Mary College,
Gentlemen,
At
friend
my
Professor
of
formerly
following
the
be
of
which
you
detail of facts to explain his apparent
of
the
the
Chemistry
apparatus
chemical
and
Natural
so deficient
to be altogether inadequate
of
as a debtor of
he conceives
been
driven
evil;
in
to
himself
extent
of
constructions
their
shifts
which
and
Millington
College
in
so defective
and
to
took
1836,
in
he
found
character
as
a coursb
had for fifteen years within my knowexpedients
for
they employed being
which never lasted
hands,
own
the
to the necessary purpose of illustrating
various
the implements
Professor
in
philosophy
His immediate predecees3ors
lectures -
ledge,
or
delinquency
as well as to state the ground whereon
When
this
request
creditor.
chair
of
the
now of the university of Mississippi and
the Guardians,
are
I lay before you the
Millington,
College
the
College,
its
John
the
purpose
of remedying
bungling and temporary
beyond a very short period
using.
Mr Millington was unwilling to encounter the labor of this daily and imperfect
manufacture,
aided
by
only
and resolved not to risk his reputation by proceeding in his course
He found,
at his command.
the scanty materials
on applying to
that the funds
of
faculty for a pecuniary appropriation for his purpose,
the College did not admit of the usd of more than a trifling sum in procuring
what he wanted The funds were not then so prosperous as they became afterwards. . .
Mr Millington therefore determined to devote a portion of his own funds to
the procuring of such apparatus as he thought necessary to enable him to perform
the
be
not doubting that whenever his connection with the College should
duties;
his
he
severed,
terms
upon
at
in
professor
would
once
be
just
able
and
to
the
satisfactory
matter
with
the
and
both;
to
to moot the question
institution,
the
adjust
not
College
authorities
caring,
whilst
of compendation
a
for the use
of his property.
He
until
proceeded
according
he expended thirty
inferred
from
lectures
on
the
end
WI ThIAM
p.
of
AND
the
chemistry
his connection
COLLEGE
hundred
the
with
s
time
to
and
philosophy,
and continued so to use until
the whole period being twelve years.
College -
Book
time,
purchases of apparatus
gathered together,
as may be
collection,
which he used daily in his
dollars
superb
a
natural
on
Bursar'
1850- 1875
22]
1851
Income
July
1110
from
make,
expenditure,
and
MARY
to
six
3]
0
July 4]
To
do.
done
To
in
do.
pd Bishop
at
Fund
Dr]
Johns. . his
Presidents
a/
for money paid for work
11. 00
house
pd Dr Totten by order of Faculty to be expended
repairs
of
Brafferton
House
600. -
�467.
RECORD
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
4th1. 1851.
July
Resolvedin
that
WILLIAM
the
that
income
any
in
Bursar
the
his
MARY
AND
1846- 1879]
COLLEGE, [
pay the
to be appropriated
Resolved
of
MARY
Not paged.
Called Meeting of the Faculty . . .
hands,
his
AND
be
Bursar
hands,
Dr Totten ;
Rev
to the
repairs
directed
to
600 out of any income
of the
Brafferton
to Prof
pay
Ewell - $
House.
500
out
to be appropriated to the purchase of Apparatus.
COLLEGE
Bursat'
s
Book
1850- 1875
4]
p.
1851
Cash
July 3]
do [
By
July 5]
" [
be
WILLIA:M AND MARY
for
do " [
by]
to
fund -
Income
viz]
pd
money
Dr
work
COLLEGE
Bishop Johns for
at
President'
for
repairs
PAPERS,
of
B.
To
Oct.
A.
BOOK
James
of
OF WILLIAM
22nd
[
of Morris &
Resolved
1851]
Folder
600. 00
House
260.
4 Sept.
1851
Dyke
Van
chemicals
AND MARY
Stewart,
for
Dr.,
College
Chemist...
1846- 1879]
COLLEGE, [
69. 66]
to $
amounting
Not paged.
Regular Meeting of the Faculty . . .
Brothers
for
books
$
37. 50 . . .
ordered to be paid.
That the Bursar be requested to pay Mr Ewell two hundred and forty
dollars
Stewards
Res.
list
bill
00/ 100
11. 00
Ewell
S.
Itemized
RECORD
house.
Brafferton
Baltimore
Mr.
s
pd Dr Totten per order of Faculty
as]
expended
done
Cr
out
of
the
capital
fund,
to be appropriated
to paying for the
house.
That a vote of thanks be given to Mrs Drew of Richmond for a box of minerals
College,
presented
to
of marble
and coal.
Oct.
An
house
the
25th [ 1851]
Account
of
was allowed
Meeting
Sands &
and
also
to Mr
J.
D.
V.
Stewart
of Baltimore
for specimens
of the Faculty.
Co
to
and ordered
the
am'
t
of $
1045. 89 for building the Steward' s
to be paid out of the capital
J.
Johns-
Prest
fund.
�468
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
411
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
William &
Folder
224.
Mary Colage
Dr to Thomas Lindsey
August
the
1851
7
to
September
down
taking
5
to
make
19
to
make &
to
put
up
to
house &
stewards
repairing
38
Rodd
Frankling
Stuard
to
house
7. 00
put
1
to
to
make
pair
of
3. 00
same -
2/ 3
repair
to
November
hinges &
for
nails
Colag
75
25
13
1. 50
13. 01
gate
Folder 224.
William &
Stuarts
Sept
Rodd
Rodd
4/ 6
pump handle - - 1/ 6
damper in stove pipe repair ---[?]
for library
9d
7
11
October
IBID.,
Frankling
stove
Mary
College
to
House
20th
Dr
Samson
5. 00
5. 00
1851
paid
paid
paid Dany
llth
paid Samson
17th paid J Sands
paid J. B. ---[?]
25th
paid M. East
paid Simson
Oct
Hunt
E
4th
NicholasMitt
10. 00
5. 00
5. 00
16. 25
36. 88
143. 25
96. 38
Nicolas
paid
5. 00
101,
Receipt
back
on
IBID.,
Folder
Mr.
S.
signed
by
E.
Hunt
Oct.
30,
1851]
224.
Baltimore
B.
Ewell
Williamsburg
Bot
Parlor
Furnaces,
Office,
1
14 in Sheet
1
No
1
Iron
1
Iron
Salamander
Pot
Funnel
College
of HAYWARD,
Stoves,
2
38
BARTLETT &
Grates,
Registers, &
No.
Radiator
24 Light
2
1851
Octr
Va.
CO.
Hollow
c. &
St.-
c.
Founders &
Ware,
Also,
Foundry,
16. 00
2. 25
38
75
Manufacturers
Ranges,
Hot
of
Air
Cooking
House and Ship Plumbers.
corner
of
Pratt & Scott
Sts
�469.
1
damper
9"
Pipe
Iron
1
for
do
12
1/ 2
12
1. 13
Pump
10. 00
Lead
133 "
6f/
Pipe
7. 98
25
Drayage
Dr
Sir
We
have
forwarded
the
above
directed
as
Yours
Hayward,
Note]
Cash
WILLIAM
for
paid
MARY
AND
pump $ 19, 23
COLLEGE
Bartlett & Co.
1/ 2
Bursar'
Book
s
1850- 1875
23]
p.
1851
Income
Oct]
Nov
8
1
llth
to]
account
An
at $ 3. 50
per
of
Res.
that
C.
apparatus
Morriss
AND
MARY
Ag'
Amounting
t
500) . . .
($
books
Hansford'
for paints & oil
a/
54. 26
Not paged.
of the Faculty . . .
for
to $
s
37. 50
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Meeting
West-
Dr]
for
a/
Maupin &
Regular
ton.
9th [ 1851]
Dec.
pd
pd
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
4th [ 1851]
Nov.
Cash
To
RECORD
of
purchase
Fund
Coal
Company.
Baltimore.
for
65
tons
of
coal
227. 50 was allowed and ordered to be paid.
Regular Meeting of the Faculty. . .
That the occupants of any room are responsible for any defacement of
room,
unless
they can
satisfactorily
establish
the fact
of the defacement
having been made by other person or persons specified
Res.
damage (
Res.
That the occupants of any room are responsible
other
That
than
the
ordinary
Secretary
wear
and
inform
tear)
Messrs
done
Nash
to the
to the Steward for any
furniture
and Woodhouse (
in that
Richmond)
the Westminister Review will be discontinued after the present year.
Res.
That
the
Librarian
procure
covers
for
the
books
taken
out
roomthat
...
from
the
Library.
�470.
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
William &
Foldet 224.
Mary College
To
S T
Dr
Bowman
for work done at the Stewards house
2800
to
well
hailing
bricking
at $ 8
brick
at
Do
1/ 2
23. 80
3/-
1. 40
4. 00
of well
top
40 yds of
paving
ploughing
walk
in kitchen
3/-
20.
00
2. 50
051. 70
Nov
1851
20th
Reced pay
S
IBID.,
Folder
Income &
T
Bowman
Bursar' s Accounts
257
of
Expenditures
College, ?
July
1851-
1
July
dates
1852,
illegible]
600
for
to
Mar]
done
work
be
Pres:
expended
To " " [
10
at
for
income
House
to
repairs
fund]
pd
11. 00
Brafferton
to
order
to
pd
frght:
&
drayage
Dr
House.
Totten
Brafferton
600 00
further
repairs
250
00
House
on Law Books from Allen Bangs
box
for
Gallan
reports
1 37
pd Allen Bangs for Law Books purchased by Judge
Scarburgh
To
1852 . ..
"
S.
pd
Contingent
T.
Bauman
Expenses
Repairs
to
waggon
Charged
House.
in above
Hansford
s
00
17 60
a/ c
Brafferton
Bishop'
Maupin &
for
295
950. [ ins
House
ms
for paint
54. 26
LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE
Richmond:
p.
10]
1.
pp.
Bernard,
shall
students
11- 12]
1.
D.
1851. [
Wm. &
Mary
College
Papers,
Folder
6]
Prayers and Church
There
Academic
40
P.
The
be
daily
shall
prayers
in
the
Chapel. . .
when the presence of
be required.
College Buildings
Faculty
shall
appoint
one
of
their
number
to
direct,
in
conjunction
torn]
torn
�471.
the
with
President,
the
of
repairs
the
and
buildings
College
He
enclosures.
shall assign rooms to the students.. .
The
4.
key to the
agent
Academic
The
5.
special
Facult;
the
end
the
of
each
deliver
session,
the
or pay fora new lock.
r,
required
be
shall
students
at
shall,
room
a
of
to
in
room
College,
unless,
for
the Faculty permit them to room in a private house.
reasons,
No other
6.
of
occupants
proper
students
shall be allowed
to room in the College building.
Library
The Library shall be kept open once a week for two hours at such time
2.
as the
Librarian
Students
6.
two
of
from
taken
7.
the
books
and
be
by
presented
the
others
any
Louis
of
XVI.
Librarian
books
France,
designate,
may
shall
but may be consulted by students.
room,
shall
books
No
The
time.
a
dictionaries
reference,
be
shall not be permitted to borrow from the Library more than
at
volumes
not
may prefer.
kept
Library. . . for longer time than two
the
of
out
weeks. . .
Students shall not go beyond the counter of the Librarian without his
8.
permission. . .
Boarding and Steward.
13- 14]
pp.
1.
Law
and
students
resident
graduated
board,
may
and
academic
students
take their meals with any respectable family in Williamsburg.
The
3.
academic
House,
it,
may
do
as
some
unless
room
of
and
furniture,
designated
be
free
of
shall
be
such
by
rent.
garden,
to
may be required
them. . .
to
annually elect a Steward,
not board elsewhere.
He
other
yard
the
hire
Faculty
students
fuel
purchase
for
the
His
as
the
furnish
and
l`
aculty,
for
charges
the
meals
may reside
to
such
at Brafferton
have
board,
the
use
of
and
washing,
He
may. . . prescribe.
and have it delivered to
Faculty
students,
Servants
Students
3.
servants,
shall
be
entitled
than
sick,
when
unless
to no
other
services
from
to have
their
boots
shoes
fires
lightdd
put in order, and their
fresh water carried to their rooms twice
rooms
and
swept
WILLIAM
AND MARY
Account
of
expended
Oct
Oct
2nd
the
1851
Mr
with
Ewell
Steward'
Cash
30th Paid
making
110
S,
Benj,
on
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
s
paid
Hurt
Nov
20th
Paid
Mr
Dec
22nd
Paid
for
Jan.
Jan
3d
6th
Jan
20th
1852-
Paid
board
of
Mr
a
pump (
A)
bricks ( C)
walk
$
13,
12
and
their
to have
for money
1/ 2
51, 70
10, 62 1/ 2
77, 24
E)
6, 75
F)
36, 44
for
carpenter
(
Oct
27th
from
D)
Durfy
hands
for
College -
Mary
101, 38
t) $
for
Cole &
Hurt
day;
a day.
well
c-
Paid Mr Christian
Paid
a
College
cleaned,
224.
William &
digging
for making
Bowman
once
the
house-
for
enclosures- &
Folder
or
297, 26
the
By Cash Received
Bursar
240, 00
�472.
240, 00
to
Transferred
received
IBID.,
from
222,
Folder
Fr om The
S 57, 26
for money
Bursar
account
Southern
Printed.
and College
Repertory
COLLEGE
Review.
and
Mary
College,
Williamsburg. .. 5,
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
Bursar'
116]
Book
000 " [
vols.]
1850- 1875
5]
p.
Oct.
Cr.
deposited in Bank of Va to
By Income Fund credit of Professor Ewell for purchase of
order July 5 1851
apparatus as
per
8]
Oct
27]
"[
by]
for
Nov
Dr.
Cash
1851
0 .
p.
LIBRARIES.
William
s
1851,
Oct.
11,
no.
1
by]
1707. 25
House.. .
s
Income
Paid on a/ c New Building
Fund -
Capital
Steward'
500. 00
fund -
pd
Morrison
a/ c
for
books
37. 50
6
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Folder
224.
1851.
Wm &
Mary College
to
Decr
Wm
Dr
East
To bilding 4 foul houses at Stewards house
at $4 each 016 - - - - - - -$
Screen
To
To
for
Garden
house
. 50
50
washing 67 Pannels fence
Kitchen 75 cts
whitewashing
at
white
Do
Smoke
Do
Garden
Do
4 foule
house &
house
houses
16. 00
cts
-
-
38
dary
-
25
cts
6- 1/ 4
-
cts-r
-
-
Each -
-
Each
-
-
-
-
-
.
.
75
75
25
.
-
4. 18- 3/ 4
-
-
1. 00
23. 43- 3/ 4
�473.
RECORD
16 [ 1851]
Dec.
Res.
of
Stun
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
AND MARY
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Regular Meeting
Not paged.
of the Faculty. . ..
That the Bursar be authorized to pay tb Dr Totten the further
00/ 100 for repairs
S100
Res.
to the Brafferton
House.
That the Librarian be empowered to procure Scott' s Novels for
the Library.
WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Folder
224.
Mr Turner Christian for College
1851
to
to
5
850
to
Decb
G.
10
ft
Strips
Garden
"
2
12
"
311 ft
"
ft
360
2
at
Com
at
Rails
at
pr
M
8. 50
1. 67
1/
1/
Lumber
33
at $ 13
p M
4. 04
67
---[?]
5. 60
1/-
at
plank
Sheating
Rails
$10
at
do
Garden
4
Dr
Rails
do
9
15
Co
Durfey &
at
1/-
33
21. 14
Reed payment
G
WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE,
Durf ay &
Co.
Bursar' s Book 1850- 1875.
24]
p.
1851
Income
Dec]
27
To
to
do -
pd
Repairs
Fund
Brafferton
Dr
House -
Cr
order
Dr Totten
100. 00
IBID.
6]
p.
1851
Dec]
110
Cash
27
" [
by]
House
do [ cash]
pd
Dr Totten -
cr]
Repairs
Brafferton
100.--
�474:
AND
WILLIAM
COLLEGE PAPERS,
MARY
Wm &
To
27th
Dec
for
work
Mr
paid
E Hunt
East
Mr-
paid
Dr
College -
Mary
1851
Folder 224.
for
done
T.
23. 43
13. 01
house
Stuarts
do.
Lindsey
do
36. 44
Jan
17th
1852
Received
BOOK
RECORD
Feby 3d [
1852]
the
Law
Not paged.
Prof.
Salary of
general
the
to
the
the
during
300 00/ 100 be allowed
summer
uses
of
of
recess,
LLw
for
the ,
1851.
the
NAG]
to Judge Scarborough
Session
College.
[
Judge
Resolved.
to purchase
books
the money to be paid out of the first balance remaining
of the Bursar at the end of the fiscal year
Regular Meeting of the Faculty-
24th [ 1852]
February
applied
died
Library -
in the hands
1846- 1879],
of the Faculty. . .
of
portion
been
of Law,
of $
sum
the
for
larger
has
1852
Prof.
Tucker,
That
Regular Meeting
the
Whereas
of 1851 &
COLLEGE, [
AND MARY
WILLIAM
OF
36. 44
Hunt
E.
paymt
The Bursar having reported that the funds will easily bear the immediate
of
payment
the
of
sum
for
Scarborough
the
hundred
three
that the Bursar be directed
That
Res.
be allowed
DAILY
the
REPUBLICAN
P.
Oliver
hundred &
for further
Friday Morning,
ed. ,
Baldwin,
every
a
reason
permanent
had
its
state
to
periods
a
be
step
be
revived,
which
justified
of
Judge
ordered
($ 250
00/ 100)
February
dollars
on the Brafferton.
1852
27,
College a few days ago it gives us great
prospects
under
its
It is well
depression
AND MARY
that
this
disaster,
and
known
and
and
highly encouraging,
present auspices, not
are
only
like all
College,
that,
a
few
years
that
there
rapid,
a
is
but
has
others,
it
since,
had
declined that apprehensions were expressed that it would not
and propositions were even made to remove it from Williamsburg--
would
in
its
anticipate,
growth.
so considerably
again
that
to
it was
Library -
00/ 100
fifty
repairs
OF WILLIAM
Having visited this venerable
to
the
Richmond.
COLLEGE
pleasure
for
to pay that Sum/
of two
sum
to Dr Totten
books
00/ 100)
dollars ($ 300
00/ 100
of Law
purchase
any
be
in
way
direct
except
violation
upon
the
of its
total
and
charter,
entire
and
which
failure
could
of the
not
institution
�475.
for which
it was established. . . the College,
about
purposes
declined.
ago,
had apparently irrecoverably
When the present
years
appointed,
the operations of the College had been entirely sus-
accomplish
to
two
three
or
Faculty
was
for
pended
and
now,
are
the
one
fifty
having
of Judge
is
who
about
to
names
hundred
There
to
both
or
students
are
attend
his
at William
and
Whigs
the
with about
and
entered
the
counting
able
duties,)
on
law
will probably
fifteen
the
students,
third
the
which,
class,
of
successor
There is little
year, there
under the
lamented
add fifteen
Tucker,
or twenty
doubt that there will be a
and Mary at the commencement of the next term. . .
in the
Faculty, but politics are not taught
Democrats
the
is
Nor
to
commenced
term,
without
institution.
required
church
second
Scarborgh,
indirectly.
directly
the
commence
the
students
are
new Faculty
students,
collegiate
instructions
more
year.
The
completed
attend
but
institution
degree
any
College,
of
prayers
the
in
at
churches,
morning
The
sectarian.
and
of which
night,
there
and
are
to
three
Sunday,
and Baptist,)
is left to themselves.
Methodist
Williamsburg-- Episcopal,
We have never met with a body of young men by whom we were more favorably
on
choice
(
in
impressed,
in
than by the students of this College.
respect,
every
P.
Baldwin,
Editor,
Oliver
DAILY REPUBLICAN ,
Monday Morning,
photostat clippings on file in Research Dept.]
A
TO
VISIT
WILLI . MSBURG.
Jamestown,
1,
March
and
Williamsburg,
...
1852,
Yorktown. (
continued.)
044
College]
The
in
thickness,
interest
is
a
fine
in
and
beautiful
trees
is
about
by
the
a
glazed
with
brick,
We were
cupola.
buildings.
College
once
surrounded
it,
walls
of
two
feet
and
a half
shown many objects of profound
square,
fronting the College,
The
though it has been deprived
one,
which
of
built
surmounted
of the ornament
and which were so injured
of the rows of
by worms
that
they have been cut down.. .
004
There
President,
are
Rev.
benefactors
principal
a
open,
dxamined
with
ruddy
buildings
manly,
The college
of
them
is
a
in
his
works
bust
own
of
of Chancellor
049
Gen.
the
are
Blair,
the
firm
of the College
for
library,
antic,
uity
and
hand,
in
good
and
of
preservation,
of Mr.
one
Boyle,
of
the
first
the
The portrait of the Pr[ e] sident exhibits
marked by intelligence and refinement. ..
countenance,
sufficient
Washington,
and
still
of Mrs.
Institution.
English
considerable
distinct
College
Blair,
interest
much
of
of
the
in
portraits
Dr.
James
the
accommodation
which
and
suspended
rare
frame
a
100
5000
students.
volumes,
We
some
In this library there
value.
in
of
about
contains
a
letter
of
Gen.
Washington,
accepting the office to which he had elected
of William and Mary. . .
�476.
Bursar'
COLLEGE
AND MARY
WILLIAM
s
Book
1850- 1875
25]
p.
10
March]
do
To
pd
order
to
Dr
Cr
Dr
Fund
Income
1852
Totten -
to
repairs
250. 00
Brafferton
466
25]
March
April
to]
" [
Law
pd
Allen
S.
T.
Bowman' s account for Bishop
on
shelter
do
3
1. 37
295. 00
Books.
on
Expenses
Bangs
for
Law
books - .. .
006
May 26
Cash
paid
Johns
was
for
s
Bishop'
House ( omitted)
17. 60
IBID.
7]
p.
10
March]
"[
do
by]
to
4 •
Cr]
Cash
1852
pd
Dr Totten -
to
order
further
repairs
250. 00
Brafferton. . .
" [
25]
" [
by]
do -
Allen
April
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
23d [ 1852]
1. 37
295. 00
Scarburgh
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
Regular meeting of the Faculty. .. .
That the books furnished as a library by the American Tract Society be
Res.
purchased
for
the
College
Library -
cost $ 40
00/ 100,:
Regular meeting of the Faculty
13th [ 1852]
April
from
Bangs. . .
Judge
March
of Law Books
By do pd Allen Bangs for Law Books purchased by
3
RECORD
drayage
Freight &
...
044
A
Bill
for
books
from
Vickery &
Griffith ( Norfolk ,
amounting
to $ 29
00/ 100
was ordered to be paid out of the Library Fund.
IBID.
June
1st [ 1852]
Regular Meeting
of the Faculty .. .
066
The
Committee
on
the
account
of
Dr
Totten
for
repairs
of
the
Brafferton
�477.
House
report-
S950.
00/ 100 -
the receipts
Dr Totten
that
he
has been paid by the Bursar for these
77/ 100 the expenditures
of S17 77/ 100.expended $ 967
has
by the amount
repairs
exceeding
That the Lecture Room for the Law Professor be fitted up.
Res.
July
that
1852.
5th
Called Meeting
of the Faculty
.. .
o •
eThe
following
Bursar'
summary
report,
s
with
of the annual
some
expenses
was
amendments,
of the College
ordered
of Buildings &
COLLEGE
the
session,
Students. . .
the Class usually
list
beyond
the
the
a
the
in
room
of the
another
College
those preventive
by
Folder
57
Visitors.
five
for the
connected
average
of
the
the
Fifty
but
repairs
residence
PAPERS,
to
Faculty
this
During
Academic
from the
75. 00
WILLIAM AND MARY
of
derived
recorded:
400. 00
c
Fuel
Report
be
0_ 00
61.
Insurance
Repairs
to
ms.
July
Students
unavoidable
2,
were
1852]
matriculated. . . These
intermission
with that Department
of the
were
all
Law lectures,
would have increased
our
number. . .
Brafferton
Professor
House
on
Adjunct
the
have
been
completed.
This
secures
the
premises,
and with the occupancy
Professor
of Mathematics,
adds happily
of
to
influences which it is our policy to employ.
The new building for the Steward has also been finished,
convenient for the purposes for which it was erected.
the
of
and proves very
Library, the Prof. Elect represented
Faculty at his request appropriated $ 300
as
he might select.
Besides the works thus procured,
240 vols of a miscellaneous
character
have been added by purchase,
and 87 donations
from Congress
and other sources.
The only funds available for the purchase of
books,
are those furnished by matriculation fees. . .
On
it
examining
Law
Department
defective;
exceedingly
00/ 100 to purchase such books
and
as
During
the
present
Session,
the
the
Cabinet
has been made in the Collection of
we purpose arranging in the antethe Library and we trust that they will prove the nucleus of a
worthy of the College.
IBID., [
Meeting
Mineralogical
room
of
Resolved -
the
sum
Speciment -
a beginning
those
of Visitors,
2
obtained,
July
1852],
Folder
51,
Ms.
that the Faculty be requested to expend out of the Revenue of the College.
of
three
hundred
dollars
for
the
current
year
in
addition
to
the
matriculatim
�478.
fee,
for
appropriated
now
that
in the purchc. se of books
purpose,
for the
College library -
BOOK
RECORD
19th [ 1852]
Oct.
A
allowed
form
to
granted the
Nov.
a
6th [ 1852]
Chapel.
Not paged.
. . .
Special
of Bishop
freight
wrapping, &
Dec
1846- 1879],
Resolved that the new Society be allowed to choose a room from those
over
A
COLLEGE, [
Regular meeting of the Faculty . . .
presented from Messrs Lee, Clark & Custis praying to be
new
It was resolved that the petition be
Debating Society:
was
petition
AND MIRY
WILLIAM
OF
Johns'
bill
That
the
of the Faculty .. .
for purchasing 9 Office Chairs LJnd Cushions,
was allowed. . .
amt' g to $ 32 62 1/ 2 / 100,
from Baltimore,
Regular Meeting
7th [ 1852]
Res.
meeting
Prof
of Law
of the Faculty
be
authorized
...
to
dispose
of the
surplus
copies
of the Virginia Reports for other books connected with the Law Department.
IBID.,
January
It
was
direct
Bursar)
March
was
one
that
in
Publishers
James
ain'
t
allowed
29th [ 1853]
Res.
Meeting of the Faculty .. .
1853]
[
of Mr
of which
100 (
and
the
18th
Bill
A
ordered
from
January
1853.
7th
future
in
the
New
Foreigh
Blackwood
Reviews &
be
taken
York.
Meeting of the Faculty. . .
for
$
150
and
Carpenter'
s
work
on
College
Premises
amtg
to $ 382
15 1/ 4/
00/ 100 had been previously paid by order of President on
ordered
Regular meeting
to be paid.
of the Faculty.
...
That the Librarian be directed to procure 2 Copies of Bethune' s Addresses
of International
Law.
of Wheaton'
s History
copy
�479.
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS
Income &
Folder
257
Expenditures
of
Bursar'
s
Accounts
College]
1853
Jan
To
25]
RECORD
do [ cash]
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
7th [ 1853]
June
pd Bishop
MARY
AND
for
Johns
9
office
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
32 62
chairs
Not paged.
.. .
44
Regular
Bill
of
and ordered
Res.
Faculty-
[
no
for
Griffith
Vickery &
to be paid.
That
the $
date]
books
g to $ 20
amt'
25/ 100 was
allowed
disposal
50 00/ 100 relinquished by Mr Gatewood on acc' t of salary
to
buy books
the Faculty.
appropriated
the
the
2nd [ 1853]
July
be
of
Meeting
of
30 00/ 100 in books
for
the
connected
Library,
That
Res.
with his
Dr
and that the am' t be placed at
Totten
be
allowed
to
expend
department.
IBID.
July 4th 1853.
Res.,
that
Meeting of the Faculty the
stun appropriated
Res.
building
Res.
coal,
not
Res.
the
funds
Res.
the
board
that
Bursar
directed
be
for the covered
Professors
of an ice house
Totten
to
pay
to
Dr
Totten $
way at the Brafferton
and Ewell
75-,
being the
House.
be a committee
to Superintend
the
for the use of the College-
that the Bursar be directed to pay Mr Ewell' s order for the purchase of
exceeding
60 tons,
for
the
use
of
the
College.
that the Bursar be directed to pay to Mr Ewell as soon as the state of
permits,
That
of
the
the
sum
Bursar
students.
be
of $ 50-
for College repairs-
directed
to
pay
to
Mr Ewell
the
sum
of $ 150-
for
�480.
AND
WILLIAM
of
Report
the
PAPERS,
been
which
85 -
has
19
only 20
Library
57
Folder
ms.
1853]
Faculty -
has
the
COLLEGE
Session
the
During
attendance
To
MARY
in
just
the
been
number
of
Students
and 66 in the
Class,
have
volumes
the
closed,
Law
Academic
16 by donation -
added,
in
Departments. . .
4 by
purchase. . .
of
The Faculty desire the opinion of the Board of Visitors as to the expediency
the
as a residence
for a
on
College premises,
another building
erecting
It is extremely difficult to find suitable accommodation in the
professor.
town. . .
IBID,
Folder
Resolved,
224.
that
the
sum appropriated
Extract
be
Bursar
directed
to
pay to
Dr
Totten $ 75--
for the covered way at the Brafferton
from
the minutes
July 4, 1853
M.
I.
Smead
Secretary
On
reverse
Silas
1853.
Augt
side
of
Totten
13,
covered
for
way at Brafferton
Silas Totten
75
$
1853
Wm
AND MARY
COLLEGE
Bursar'
s
Book
to the credit
V.
Asst
p.
pro tem
above]
Tazewell Taylor has dhis day deposited
Silas Totten Seventy five dollars-
WILLIAM
being the
House.
of
Taylor
Cas.
N.
Savings
Instn
1850- 1875.
13]
Cr]
Cash
1853
446
By
Aug 13]
"[
do
by]
pd
B.
S.
Ewell
do
pd
Dr
Totten
for
for
college
covered
50.
repairs
way
at
Brafferton
74.
�481.
WILLLIAM
AND
that the
Resolved
of
state
COLLEGE
MARY
the
PAPERS,
be
Bursar
funds
Folder
directed
the
permits,
to pay
the
reverse
1853
B.
Ault
13,
as
College
1853.
$ 50
for College
Tazewell
S.
B.
repairs
Taylor has this day deposited
Fifty dollars
to the credit
GAZETTE
Thomas
between
RECORD
Nov.
of
time
this
in
students
ed.
Martin,
WILLIAM
understand
of
Ewell -
Taylor
Cashier
Savings
N.
bumber
the
July 4th 1853
Sec pro tem
Asst
We
as
Smead
I.
Wm V
VIRGINIA
soon
repairs
side]
Ewell
S.
Mr Ewell,
for
minutes
M.
On
to
of $ 50--
sum
from
Extract
224.
13,
1853,
p.
2.,
Wednesday. . .
c. 2.
The
COLLEGE
institution
besides
attendance,
Oct.
Williamsburg,
AND MARY
honored
Instn
opendd
those
who
on
are
resident
here,
being
fifty and sixty. ..
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
1st [ 1853]
AND MARY
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Not paged.
Meeting of the Faculty.. .
A petition from the students living in the part of the College called Nova
Scotia,
Nov.
4
A
received
was
[
bill
1853]
of
asking
that
be
lantern
a
hung
to
light
the
stairway-
Granted.
Meeting of the Faculty
Geo.
West &
M.
Bro.
of Richmond
for
1 Sett
of Anatomical
Plates -
amt' g to µ9. 00/ 100- was allowed and ordered
to be paid.
A Bill of Prof Smead
Empire
for a map of the Rom.
amt! g to $ 11 00/ 100and a bill of the Norfolk
Beacon
for circulars/. . were allowed and ordered to be paid.
Messrs
with
Mr
House]
to
Nov
give
Ewell &
Washington
Christian
now
up
25th [
for
the
occupied
by
house
him.
Jan.
1853]
on
Meeting
were
appointed
surrender
[
See
1,
the
the
minutes
1854]
of
of
Faculty.
a Committee
house
Nov.
on
15,
the
1853-
to make
arrangements
College
premises [
Mr.
Christian
Steward'
agrees
s
�482.
Ordered
to
that
the
eight
Fifty
bill
for
from
books
procured
be paid.-
78/ 100 dollars
Co. (
Appleton &
N. Y.)
amt' g
IBID.
6th 1854.
January
Morris of Richmond for a book amt' g to S1 75/ 100 was allowed
to be paid.
of A.
bill
A
Regular meeting of the Faculty
and ordered
13th [ 1854]
Jane
Regular meeting of the Faculty.
amt' g to Nineteen
Johns
Bishop
VIRGINIA
38/ 100 dollars.
resigns
GAZETTE,
in March.
Thomas
Dr.
A
correspondent
Mary
this
was
After
that
were
college
it
has
number
same
College
massive
BOOK
Bill
A
which
was
OF
A
bill
that
ordered
Meeting
of
Leonard
Nine
1854.
p.
MMG]
2,
c.
1.
the
students
at William
re-
present
increased. ..
stood
to
organized
its
before
long
survive
the
1846- 1879],
a
few
the
flight
ago. . .
years
But
numbers.
Revolution,
of
and
the
still
centuries. . .
Not paged.
of the Faculty. . .
for
Messenger
amt' g
to
Seven
00/ 100
dollars ( of
and Three 00/ 100 in advance for 1854)
1853,
paid.
of the
Scott & Co
00/ 100
fair
Literary
were
be
was
reached
COLLEGE, [
meeting
to
it
which
bid
AND MARY
dollars
to
but
to be greatly
and
Southern
00/ 100
and
ought
Regular
5th [ 1854]
amounting
of
tem.
COLLEGE.
states
it has
buildings
walls,
WILLIAM
of the
Four
allowed
July
23,
number
pro
74,
till
revived
26th [ 1854]
May
Enquirer
Feb.
Williamsburg,
AND MARY
suspended,
entirely
of its Students
their
RECORD
is
session
gradually
The
rear
the
president
being 14 more than there were at the same time last
The greatest number of students ever in attendance upon William and
during the session of 1839-' 40, when the matriculates numbered 140.
and at one period,
the operations
of the
time,
there was a decline,
session.
Mary,
of
elected
Totten
ed.
Martin,
WILLIAM
and
. ..
That the College pay Mr Lucas the balance of the bill for the Gymnasium
Res.
dollars
Faculty.
of
New
was
President
York
allowed
for
and
Ewell
3 Foreign
ordered
in
the
Chair.
Reviews &
to
be
. . .
Blackwood
paid.-
�483.
Oct.
17th
The
1854.
of
Bill
dollars
Nine
WILLIAM
of
Leonard
meeting
the
of the Faculty. . .
Scott & Co.
( $ 00/ 100) . . .
9
MARY
AND
Report
Regular
COLLEGE
for Reviews for the year 1853 omttg to
ordered to be paid.
PAPERS,
Folder
57 ms.
3d July 1854]
Faculty -
000
The number
is
83.
these
has
were
been
of students
The
...
also
the
in
connected
the
in
number
law
with
the College
department.
The
whole
during
has
department.. .
academic
been
number
in
the last
76.
the
session
Four
law
of
department
11.
see
It
The condition of the building is such that it requires continual repairs.
badly constructed in the beginning, and now owing to the effects of time
hard usage, the part occupied by the students,
is in a condition hardly
was
and
tenantable.
It
of
interior
the
whole
so that
in
be
now
it would
country
spared
from
of
compare
would
the
the
thorough
needs
the
in
comfort
an
require
funds.
little less than the entire
repairs,
building.
. . . To put the building
End
outlay
appearance
of
at
least
renovation
in complete
with most
of the
$10, 000.
This
repair,
Colleges
amount
cannot
. ..
Under these circumstances the Professors ask the advice of the Visitors,
as to the propriety of attempting to raise a sum of money by subscription to
be applied to the renovation of the College building...
IBID
Folder
Resolutions
51.
of
the
Visitors -
passed 4th July 1854]
Resolved:
That the Faculty be authorized to take such steps as they may
deem expedient to carry out their recommendation to raise by subscription
a fund
for
permanent
VIRGINIA
on
the
repairs
of the
College
buildings
and the
enlargement
of the
funds.
GAZETTE,
Thomas
Martin,
ed.,
Williamsburg,
July 6,
1854,
P.
2.,
c, 2.
The commencement of Old William and Mary came off in the College Chapel
the morning of the 4th of July.
There was a large concourse of people in
attendance. . .[
speeches,
There
etc.]
follow
several
columns
describing
the
exercises,
music,
�484.
VIRGINIA
GAZETTE,
ed.,
30 November
Williamsburg,
1854.
Peep at the Old Dominion
A '
WILLIAMSBURG,
Va.,
Oct,
1854.
EDITORS-- . . .
Messrs.
The
College,
in
street
of
once
Mary
and
windows,
old
look,
English
from
the
hand
of
a mischievous
in
brick
substantial
popular
thrown
founded
University,
a
stands,
before it, is
in the green
city- whilst
which,
however,
Lord Botetourt,
the
brickbat
Harvard
only to
still
age
and
dormer-
roof,
of
the
second
of William
palmy days
its peaked
a
Neel
Peyton &
pile,
fronting
the
the
with
down the main
beautiful
marble
statue
at one time lost its head by
student.
Viator.
THE
GAZETTE (
VIRGINIA
A.
A.
8,
February
Williamsburg,
Neel,
ed.)
Vol.
1855
LETTERS
I
FROM
THE
No.
No.
14
COUNTRY
3-
Editur.
Fortytwoitus
Circumstances
in towne.
my rival
started from Sweet
a
right
smart
prominent
house
formin
3
in my
school
bad, &
is
i
pricked
with
a
bilden
approached
more
ole
my
grate
you. . . Arter I had
horse)
jogged along at
houses
sot
long lookin
at
told me afterwards
had
the
crowd
a
towne
of
the
each
back
most
brick
end,
they were kalled
windows
side
The
houses. . .
many
was a grate
of
to
the
it,
some
main
the
flat
bilden
but was arched like the picturs of London bridge
On the top of this bilden which I afterwards herd was
larged
a
of
sized
slew
thar,
house,
pigion
it
put
pl€ ce,
David
up
as
Tom
Thumb'
in
the
no
doubt
some
at any rate it looks
night
s
cap,
would
be
kollegers
dreadful
bible.
on
the
head
when out from the
easy & was just enterin towne,
crowd of fellers
came rushin & hollerin
out.
hole
ears &
gan
to
snort,-&
the more he galeled
front part
Old sleepy
the more the fellers
shouted.
Ole
Sleepy never
pranced & ran tite
all
me
geeses, &
kept
geeses
but those
I
two
a kolleger
This
somewhars &
out
along
his
up
books
As
with
rode,
squa.r:
whom
kollege
splatterin
of
roun
much
as
rode
the
disapint
to
Sleepy (
ole
any doors,
t
Goliah,
king
of the
and
from
it
longer
no
me &
by and by, I seed a
distracted my attention
geographe.
thar we. s sot
kollege,
stole
a
out.
hadn'
I,
have deterred me from writing to tell about
intend
hill,
edifice.
juttin
some
the
of
i
till
that
jam by
the
now
tater
gate,
sides
of
trwards
But
objict
setting
pinions
of
Va.
Rivur,
Chickenhominy
Mr.
they
up
liked
over,
kept
the most
darned
noise
no
how! &
middle
of
spilt
all my
biskets &
up
such
racket.
kollegers
another
a
to
a
as
the
in
green
do,
nataral
puddle
cakes &
that
i
consequence,
of
started
dent
I wouldn' t have minded
yelled &
haw
hawed,
like
water,
they
know
the
&
up
hadnt
a hole
which
losein
any
he
rared
besides
flock
flock
of the
sense.
of
cakes,
�Opposite
page 485.
41
ft
0
c+
H
M
H
y0cE
' •
-
a-
tat..
i
i
y- ..
J
F
1
o•
t
m
y
tx.
5
Fq
d
a
•
N ..
IN
04
a_.
H
w•
i
r
1
k'
w
t:
•'
1
i
wr .
id' t* ^ `
ii
c+
411i
ON
0
�485.
And
as
an
that
keep
pud
of geeses, for
down
I
the
street
act
they
of good breedin.
Old
that'
it,
got
s
he
a
of
a
i
spose
he
to
got
in
Well Old Sleepy struck for
to herd the kollegers
shouten, . . .
but jest from a little lack
malishousness,
clock
it is for the accommodation
towne.. .
yore
mad. . . You ought
when
with
steeple
in
urn
was
out
so
slackened,
sleepy,
of
plenty
like
jist
don' t
reckon
by
theres
for?
kollege
the
what upon yearth does the sitty kounsel
editur,
mistur
episode,
muddle
with
the
church
i
grave yard,
that wants white washin mighte
the
it,
n
bad. . . .
JOBE
Mr.
RECORD
6th [ 1855]
March
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
GREEN.
1846- 1879],
BOLLEGE, [
Not paged.
Regular meeting of the Faculty.-
That Dr Totten be a Committee to attend to the repairing and framing
of the picture of Dr Blair.Res.
March
20th [ 1855]
Res.
from
viz
00/ 100)-
of the Faculty.
That the bill for subscription
1852 to January 1855be ordered to be paid.
the
repairing
in
.. .
to Southern
amt'
g
to
Quarterly
Fifteen
Review for 3 years-
00/ 100
dollars ($ 15
Regular
B.
Mr William
expended
meeting
January
8th [ 1855]
May
Regular
meeting of the Faculty. . .
of $ 250 00/ 100 for
having sent his subscription
Resthat a portion of this subscription be
building-
Harrison
College
the
painting
Chapel,
and refitting the Ante- room of the Library
and the Library.
July
12th [
1855]
Resolved
Meeting of the Faculty.. .
that
subscriptions
the
Bursar
be
requested
to
collect,
without
the
delay,
made for repairing the College building.
004
VIRGINIA
GAZETTE
J.
Hervey Ewing,
ed.
MARY
WILLIAVI &
Williamsburg.
April
26,
1855.
COLLEGE
The question may be asked of what advantage is this institution to the city
Williamsburg. . . .
Indeed the history of the College and the history of our
city are so firmly incorporated. . . that no one can be a true friend of the one
without regarding the other with affection.
...
of
The
amount
20, 000.
expended
Add
and
expended,
to
we
have
say by sixty
about $' 5, 000
this
a
total
of money put in circulation
Besides
cost
not
all
this,
a
exceeding $
citizen
75
per
of
students
the
of $ 25, 000.
annually
income
The
of
the
advantages
does not fall
College,
of
so
among our citizens
are too apparent
of
can
Williamsburg, . .
annum.
. . .
now
educate
short
of
necessarily
large an amount
to be mentioned. . .
his
son
at
a
�486.
April
IBID.,
The
12,
of
members
the
conceived
1855,
of
3.
c.
a.
establishing
and
of William
Society
Phoenix
the
idea
2.,
p.
Library. . .
t.hey
a
Mary,
few months
hard
went
to
ago,
and
work,
have through their own exertions and the kindness and liberality of their
collected
friends
hundred
two
over
are rapidly being filled.
AND
WILLIAM
Faculty
RESOLVED:
That
Virginia.
Williamsburg,
in
Gazette
Folder
directed
be
bursar
the
and
their
shelves
56.
typed]
5 June 1855,
Minutes,
volumes,
. . .
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MARY
fifty
and
the
to
sum
pay J. Hervey
of one hundred
Ewing,
Editor
of the
dollars
MOO)
on
account of printing College Catalogues.
J.
Williamsburg:
Hervey
List of scholarships
COLLEGE. . .
MARY
OF WILLIAM &
CATALOGUE
Ewing),
1855
2.
p.
and foundations
at College]
040
These are the only donations known to have been made to the College before
the
gilt
a
Revolution,
Portrait
of
and
additions
some
the
and
Spotswood
and
cup
the
to
Dinwiddie.]
Library*
made
presented by Lady Gooch of England,
the gift of his brother the Earl of Burlington,
[* A few books were presented by Governors
a
Bible
Boyle,
Robert
Hon.
Blair,
Dr.
by
principally
being
excepted.
IBID.
Historical
The
in
and
two
sides
Philosophical
taken
200
to
build
re-
to
having
feet
in
it;
entire
an
built
square
was
destroyed
of
the
when
completed,
together
fire.* li*
The
by
. . . 1705,
it
rear
but,
be
been
apparatus,
about
workmen,
3- 6]
pp.
designed
building,
1700 -
stood
of
sketch,
present.]**
when,
was unfinished
with the Library
first building
Measures were immediately
owing to the want of available
means and the scarcity
the present building was not finished till 1723. . • •
004
The
number
of
Students
in
1703
was
about
30.
tion the average number was not much below 60.
This
does
not
seem
to
have
been
the
case.
From
...
that
time
to
the
Revolu-
�487.
page 6.
IBID.,
p.
6]
Within the last few years large additions have been made to the Philoand
sophical
all
Chemical
of
the
both of which
Apparatus,
instruction
purposes
and now
enlarged;
contains
are now amply sufficient for
The Library has also been
volumes;
among which are many
these
in
sciences.
5, 000
nearly
curious and rare books.
IBID.
19]
p•
The
room,
and
belonging to the
Library,
student is allowed constant
Law
the
A Moot
Court
is
established
in
The
1.
fees
for
Academic
Servantrs
Students
access
connection
CHAPTER
College
20
Tickets,
60 00
Board
from
Total
expenses
140
from
shall
to
00
each.
180*
225 to 260
fees,
matriculation
Librarian,
constitute
for
fees
graduation,
the Library
and fines collected by the
Fund.
The Faculty shall have power to require payment from the students at any
5.
time
7.
school. . .
4 00
5 00
fee,
Tickets,
The
the
4 00
3 00
Three
4.
with
are -
rent,
Room
in the Law lecture
it.
V
expenses,
Matriculation
to
Fees.
hire,
Contingent
is kept
College,
during
Those
the
for wilful damages to the College
session,
joining
the
of Natural
department
and
Philosophy
or grounds.
Chemistry,
shall
pay an additional fee of five dollars for the use of apparatus.
Students
furniture
VIRGINIA
boarding
uan
be
GAZETTE
in
J.
looking
over
in
Hervey
WILLIAM
In
College
obtained
the
AND
are
expected
Williamsburg,
Ewing,
MARY
General
ed.
at
to
furnish
their
reasonable
Williamsburg,
May
Suitable
rooms.
rates.
17,
1855.
p.
2,
c.
3:
COLLEGE.
Catalogue
of
this
institution,
which
we
printed
�488.
time
short
a
find
we
since,
the
of many,
distinguished
students
names
recorded
in
American
history. . .
From
no
1720
been
3 have
1,
Tyler)
Chief
Presidents
2,
Judges
1
Speaker,
and
10,
1,
of
members
of
9
the
of
House
one
Gen.
Ministers
and
Ambassadors
who
distinguished
and
and many officers
in the
1,
of Maryland
20
officers,
other
Judges,
One President
of
in the Revolution,
courts,
and many
foreign
to
themselves
each
cabinet
Representatives,
Council,
individuals
the
other
Monroe, and
of Independence,
U.
S. (
Scott)
3,
one
of Appeals,
several
besides
8
State,
Court
the
of Va, (
Goys
of
4 Secretaries
of
Gen.
Lieu.
8
catalogue
Randolph.)
Congress, (
of the Declaration
Senators,
S.
States ( Jefferson,
American
Signers
in the
these:
United
the
Harrison)
U.
of
the
of
3,
Court,
Supreme
1362
Colonial
old
the
of
President
Florida)
20
are
extant],
Marshall.)
(
and
there
alumni
Presidents
Braxton
Jefferson,
Missouri
of
first
the
Justice
Vice
to 1826
list
complete
Convention
and Legislatures
of Va.
000
TYLER' S
from
Letter
Folder
Stringfdllow
S.
Charles
1909.
24,
July
of portion
Copy
VOL.
MAGAZINE,
HISTORICAL
QUARTERLY
of
to
VI,
Walter
letter
in
68- 72.
pp.
A.
Richmond,
Montgomery.
Mary College Papers,
WM. &
127- B.]
1855]
enough,
I have somehow
Curiously
of it is
On the back
July 4, 1855.
four
there
that
shows
of
graduates,
whom
a
memorandum
(Academic
nine
and
delivered
all
in
were
preserved my graduating address of
made
addresses.
Law
at
the
time,
included)
schools
Of these
which
twentytwo
nine,
Bishop Randolph and the writer hereof. . . The following is the list
of those elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society .. .
The meeting at which we were initiated was held in the celebrated
were
old " Blue
This
the
" Appllo
meetings
and
Room",
room
of
Hall"
a
lasted
pannelled
was
in
the
somewhat
but
in
old
a
few moments.
blue,
Raleigh
different
in
the
same
Tavern,
style
and
color
as
was
where I have attended many
I
character.
remember
the
inscription
in
great gilt letters . . .
VIRGINIA
GAZETTE
MARY
WILLIAM &
The
dark,
we
never
and
OS
morning
with
tive
of the
strong
before
H.
J.
COLLEGE
4th,
assembled
gallery, even the
faces while many
windows
went
Williamsburg,
COMMENCEMENT
the
indications
saw
ed.
Ewing,
great
July 4,
of
day
the
of
rain.
in
the
College
the
chapel,
of
away,
and
. . .
many
July 26,
1855.
1855]
Commencement,
was
somewhat
such an immense concourse of people
The
seats,
aisles
building.
were
more
crowded
amused
with
eager
themselves'
and
lounging
attenabout
�489.
the
in
lecture
the
and
rooms
At
yard.
10
Speeches &
piazza,
clock,
o'
noted.
c
and in the shade of the beautiful young
the exercises of the day were opened. . .
"A.
M.
Randolph
on
visitors,
citizens
Human
and
"
Progress"
trees
carried
off
"
the palm" . . .]
In
the
piazza
to partake
VIRGINIA
L..-
delightful
The
how
being
of a repast
GAZE1' TE
venerable
and
the
afternoon
of
we
sanguine
excellent
an
health,
like
washing
IBID.,
August
DAGUERREOTYPE
Secure
would
the
the
at
William
that
are
in
oasis
the
ed.,
the
Mary,
City
for
the
of
various
is certainly
council
will
the pride
it
2,
p.
near
crossings,
let
and
1855,
c.
of our city,
remain:
Besides
geese
and being for
it answers an excellent purpose for
which are necessitated to pass through
desert,
Shadow
e'
er
inform
taken
has
the
Substance
the citizens
rooms
and
swine,
short
variety
of
M.
P.
SIMONS,
of Williamsburg
will
All those in want of a GOOD picture
on
fade.
remain
it.
of
Richmond,
and the surrounding
Mary College
at William &
of themselves
or friends
can be
notice.
Plain
and
Fancy
cases;
also
some very fine Jewelry
kept
constantly on hand.
Pictures
Ladies
Aug.
Dr.
of deceased
and gentlemen
persons
at their
are respectfully
residence
invited
on reasonable
to call and examine
terms.
specimens.
2. . .
E.
G.
Swem states
that this may be the artist who made daguerreotype
See William & Mary Quarterly,
2nd series,
Building ca. 1855- 1856.
VIII,
p.
224 for picture.
of Wren
Vol.
taken
4.
the
NOTICE.
respectfully
Every
in
1855.
that he
country,
a short time.*
accommodated
July 19,
Williamsburg
ducks,
and other vehicles
9,
assembled
by the Faculty . ..
intersection
and
resort
summer
carriages
an
Hervey Ewing,
pool,
cshllege
furnished
students
. ..
�490.
IBID.,
August
23,
p. 2,
1855,
5.
c.
WILLIAM &
Will
begin
the
2d
MARY
COLLEGE
of
October. ..
10th,)
Wednesday (
4 .
It' may not
be
improper
prevailing
the whole
in
Norfolk
in
all
summer,
to
remain
Same ad in subsequent
BOOK
1855.
6th
0 .
so.
papers]
WILLIAM
OF
Portsmouth,
remarkably
probability,
RECORD
AND
November-
MARY
An
paged.
of
that
Resolved
be
Dr
Blair,
paid
1855
to
Dr
ordered
the
Literary
to be paid.
of
amount
by
the
motion
of
AND
Editor
Fifty
One
Messenger
Regular
Profr
MARY
meeting
w-ls
Dollars &
for
Totten
about to be published
p.
College
Southern
Decr
WILLIAM
the
repairing,
framing &
which amount was paid by Dr Totten-
llth
On
the
allowed &
to
against
of
the " American
was presented.
account
Dollars
presented &
25/ 100
be
Bursar'
ordered
transporting the picture of
of the Faculty.. .
it was resolved that the Quarterly
in Richmond Virginia be subscribed to-
COLLEGE
Three
allowed &
Minor,
s
Book
Income
Fund
Law Journal
1850- 1875.
85]
1855
to]
3.
pd
Dr
RECORD
22d
Not
Regular meeting of the Faculty.
claimed
account
Register"
The
1111
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
4
Law
Dec
in view of the alarm created by the epidemic
that Williamsburg is now and has been
healthy, and in the opinion of physicians will,
say,
and
BOOK
January
OF WILLIAM
1856-
Silas
Totten
Blair'
s
AND MARY
Regular
for
Dr]
Expenses
framing &
c
51. 25
picture
COLLEGE, [
Meeting
of
the
1846- 1879],
Faculty.
Not paged.
All
the
board
present.
�1
491.
Resolved (
11111
upon
of Mr
motion
that the Librarian
Washington)
be appointed
to make inquiry about the expense of printing a partial catalogue of the
Library.
The Faculty then adjourned
S,
Benj,
VIRGINIA
GAZETTE
J. Hervey Ewing,
ed.,
Ewell-
Pres-
February
Williamsburg,
21,
1856.
WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE.
The
College
the
United
in
of William
States -
and
was
the
Mary -
chartered
oldest,
except Harvard University,
in 1693. . .
But little is known of the history of the Institution previous to the
The Records of the proceedings of the Faculty are still extant,
time.
extending from 1729 to the present
The early records are very meagre,
relating mostly to pecuniary transactions.
Revolution.-
The
site
was
when
square
completed,
From
this
when
together
by
fire.
want
was
of
not
RECORD
12th
the
time
with
Measures
available
firithed
BOOK
the
were
of
till
in
Burgesses. . .
Library and
immediately
and
means
two sides having been built.
held its sessions in it till 1705,
Philosophical
taken
the
scarcity
MARY
COLLEGE, [
designed to be an entire
1700-
to
of
re-
apparatus,
build
workmen,
it;
it
was
but,
destroyed
owing
to the
the present building
1723.
OF WILLIAM
February
unfinished
was
House
1693. . . The building,
in
purchased
AND
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
1856- . . .
Resolved that the Bursar of the College be directed to pay Mr James Woodhouse
Six
Twenty
Resolved
March
50/ 100
The
for his
that the Norfolk
25th [ 1856]
Ewell &
Dollars
Subject
of
that
for the repairs
the
Rev.
books
to
this
time-
to be sent to the College-
of the Faculty.
...
the
Totten were appointed
Resolved
for
Argus be directed
Regular Meeting
repairing
bill
College
building having been brought up.
a committee to examine and report upon it.
Messrs
Edmund Murdaugh be appointed agent to collect money
of the College
building
Benj,
S,
Ewell-
Pres-
�Opposite
page 492.
4111
rE
0
Ir.
r
0
4 0., . .
ni.
414 6
e..
S
J„.....,..,
i...
.
10 . "
r,
..,
,
f., k,,, 11.
L.
. ..,.
i;% Mtia3.,
W_
1,:
7
'.:
4,-...
t' •.•`.
Z1: '
.,„
..'
' '' -:
,
b; f; - ';'''. .
',-...
dr
A
STUDENT'
Frank
S
ROOM
Leslie'
s
picture of this
of Roanoke,
must
Judging
the
from
extensive
ON
THE
THIRD
Illustrated
the
FLOOR
Newspaper
OF
THE " WREN
for
August
BUILDING."
17,
1866.
From
The
said to have been occupied by John Randolph
have been made sometime prior to the fire of 1859.
condition
of the room,
it was probably made before
room,
repairs
of
1856.
�492.
1st [ 1856]
April
After
some
Regular Meeting of the Faculty.
conversation
of "
subject
the
upon
...
adjourned-
repairs" -
IBID.
1856]
15th
Apr
All the Faculty
present
Resolved that the Bursar be requested
scriptions for repairing the college
The
committee
appointed
reported &
building
to
examine
recommended
it
to collect
into
the
condition
expedient
as
immediately
to
of
all sub-
the
repair &
college
remodel
the
interior of the building the present season
that
Resolved
Washington
Apr.
be appointed
22ond
After
of
committee
a
three
consisting
to superintend
of Messrs
and direct
Ewell,
the proposed
Totten &
repairs
Regular meeting of the Faculty . . .
conversation
some
about
adjourned
repairs -
4410
WILLIAMSBURG
J.
GAZETTE
WEEKLY
ed.
Hervey Ewing,
Vol.
No.
III,
Williamsburg. . .
24
April
17,
1856.
Page
2,
Col.
5
PROPOSALS
WILL
be
received
by
Faculty of William & Mary College, until the
down deveral
Chimneys,
taking
cleaning and laying the
brick for framing and putting up several hundred yards of Partitions for taking up,
levelling and re- laying from fifteen th twenty thousand
25th
instant,
the
for
feet of Flooring and for lathing and plastering from six to eight thousand
yards -
the
materials
The successful
of
performance
by the 15th
the
day
of
to
be
bidder
work,
furnished
all
cases.
will be required
and
August,
in
for
and
the
of
to give bonds for the faithful
of the Flooring,
and Partitioning,
bricklaying,
and plastering by the 15th
completion
the
of September.
Williamsburg,
RECORD
May 6th
BOOK
April
17th 1856
OF WILLIAM
[ 1856]
AND
Regular
MARY
meeting
COLLEGE, [
of
the
1846- 1879],
Faculty. ..
not paged.
�493.
of
account
An
Bros having been presented resolved that the Burs-_
ir
Hardy &
be requested to pay the same from the fund appropriated for college repairs
the
that
Resolved
contracts
for repairing
be appointed
Ewell]
the Agent
for making
the College.
Regular
meeting
of the faculty - . . .
lime having been presented amounting to
for hair &
of Marshs
account
An
President [
the
13th [ 1856]
May
being an account for flooring plank.
being $ 360. 20 -
amount
264. 32 resolved that the Bursar be requested to pay the same.
May 20th [ 1856]
Resolved
elegant
the
for
it
Regular
that
Resolved
8400.
WILLI/ M &
the
From
fund
be
2nd
Phi
to
for
be
to Mr.
Kappa
taken
out
H.
B.
Grigsby
Society & that
of the
Library
ty to Mr Ewell the sun of
repairs
Vol
Folder
Norfolk,
Beta
College
series,
Papers,
Argus,
the
to .
requested
appropriated
College
Mary
before
forbidden
QUARTERLY. . .
Southern
the
the
books
those
COLLEGE
MARY
his
Bursar
the
from
in William &
Copy
address
among
that
00/ 100
of the faculty. . .
faculty be presented
of
of
copy
deposited
be
meeting
thanks
the
X,
May 30,
Va.,
83- 84
pp.
236- B]
1856.]
The following improvements are to be made at the College:
The front portico is to be widened so as to include a window on each side
and a new flight of steps are to take the place of the well worn ones that
performed their office
and refitted after the style
have
devised
will
be
them.
given
since
The lecture rooms are to be painted
chapel and every convenience that can be
1723.
of the
They
will
situated
be
on
first
the
and the
floor,
chemical and philosophical apparatus will occupy the right wing.
the
On
long
with
a
same
dimensions
for
will
be
from
the
is,
Hall
one
first
of
up by
to the
be
be
made
ante- room
Society
hall
and
second
story will also
pulled down, and the
up
more
and
rafters
taken
40
handsomest
with
more
Halls.
will
rest
by
two
an
new
22
hall
end of the
ft.
in
width,
of about the
roomy
platforms,
" Blue
Room"
venerable
The
etc.
portraits,
the
at the side,
entrance
the anteroom being
with,
of the
rooms
airy
be
-
The
by
dispensed
convenient
story
style,
historical
its
The
society
etc.
convenient
being
and
length
in
end another
the
At the south
made.
feet
chandeliers,
decorated
still
the
a
in
up
carpets,
will
the
hall
area
for
on the
stairways,
second
The
students.
broad
floor
ascent
and
oon-
located.
ancestors,
bulky
be
in
fitted
third
The
our
be
through
taken
veniently
will
it
society
to be
are
changes
At the north
feet.
to
Library
comprised
a
libraries,
as
entrance
great
be
will
of 17
the
remain
College
old
there
pitch
cases
will
floor
second
hall
by
for
show
chimneys.
larger
and
undergo
an
internal
transformation.
All
the
walls
rude arches and corpulent chimneys placed there by
for use,
will give way to more useful and less
than
The flooring will be relaid and the whole area will
more
convenient
dormitories
for
students.
The
old
�494.
will
belfry
rickety
replaced
be
by
a
larger
and
handsomer
the
one,
whole
to be finished before commencement next year.
RECORD BOOK
OF WILLIA: M
31st [ 1856]
May
Mr. J.
AND
Special
MARY
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Meeting
of the Faculty-
Not paged.
...
C.
Dame having been reported for disturbing recitation by boring holes
in the floor above and pouring water down into the lecture room and he having
acknowledged
the same Resolved that he be indefinitely suspended from College
17th [ 1856]
June
account
An
requested
be
Regular
to
Resolved
meeting of the Faculty . . .
having been presentedthe
amount
samebeing $ 92, &
of Hardy &
and
that
rate
of $ 115.
June
the
pay
that
rent
the
be
24th [ 1856]
he
per
Bros
Steward
be allowed
required
to
the
furnish
use
Resolved
00/
of the
with
students
that
the
Bursar
100
Stewards
board &
house
free
of
washing at the
session
Regular meeting of the Faculty-
...
An account of Saml Marshs for lumber having been presented amounting
Resolved that the Bursar be requested to pay the same.
to
49. 67.
Resolved
that
WILLIAMSBURG
Vol.
III,
William &
The
floors
creased
be
two
no.
in
WEEKLY
to
interior
be
re-
number
rooms,
each
accommodation
for
entire
The
GAZETTE
J.
requested
to
for repairs
pay Mr
Ewell $ 400.
ed.
Williamsburg,
Hervey Ewing,
26,
June
1856.
34.
the
get
be
Bursar
Mary College.
whole
are
the
literary
and
venerable
the walls
fitted
up
be
will
their
in
are
new
be
the
in
with
edifice
to
a
and
of
18
now
in
a
feet,
Phoenix
neighborhood
will
now
improved
the
rooms,
is
replasterd
most
pitch
Philomathean
Societies
of
the
40 by 22,
of the
repairs
possession
of
laid,
undergoing
and the
modern
with
style.
The
repairs.
rooms
to
be
in-
There
will
arched
ceiling,
for
The
probable
cost
Societies.
of :$8, 000.
flourishing
doubtless
condition,
increase
in
and when they
number. . .
�495.
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE -
1856
Bursar'
Income
Book
s
1850-
to
cash
To
do
paid Hardy & Bros account
order
in favor Silas
pd
20
To
do
Semi
3
To
paid
8]
June
Marsh'
for
timber
Totten.
360. 20
Repairs
account
s
for
S Ewell
B
87.
p.
Fund]
10
May
1875,
*
Do
in
repair
for
pert
47. 62
264. 32
200.
400
s
June]
June
To
21
To
28
By
do
To
23]
June]
do [
do
7
cash]
"
S.
B.
pd
"
pd
flooring plank
balance
Ewell
favor
in
order
above
charges
Bros
pd Hardy &
marked *
of
S.
B.
order
Ewell
92. 00
repairs
for
repairs
*
200.
*
400. 00
for repairs improperly
Entered in this account as they are to bd paid out
of
Capital &
credited
now
in
this
by
cross
1564. 16
entry
IBID.
92]
p.
1856
June
Cash
3
By
do
paid
B.
S.
account. . .
Ewell
on
a/
Cr.]
200 --
repairs. . .
IBID.
p•
93]
1856
June
June]
21
" [
by]
do
1856
Cr]
pd Hardy & Brothers
for flooring
plank
repairs)
28
July
046
1
By
sash.
By
cash
Repairs -
repairs
pd
pd
S.
order
Marsh
in
his
favor
Bill
B S
Ewell
92. 00
400.--
49. 67
�Opposite page 496.
x
ti:
q
JN
tno
xIij
o
r
H
M
0
C
H
v
z^
J1
t
illtaP .-- ' '
i M ;.
1
iii
0 ON
v
P
0
y
f
s
rI
i
to
U
H
Cn 0
O
1. 4
PI
N.
x
a
8
M
I
r
I
1 -
�496.
IBID.
94]
p.
Cash
1856
S Marsh
lid
By
Cash.
20]
By
Repairs -
pd
By
Aug
Repairs.
deposited
8
Oct
Repairs
11
July]
RECORD
BOOK
July 8th [ 1856]
B
S
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
Dr]
account. . .
his
( No
Bill
Cr]
3)
24. 30
1500.--
Ewell
credit
to
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
700.--
S Ewell
B
Not paged.
Special meeting of the Faculty .. .
Resolved that the Bursar bd directed to pay Mr Ewell the sum of two thousand
and eight hundred
dollars
on account
of repairs
at such times
as he may require,
provided that bond and Security be given for the same
Resolved that the Bursar
to twenty four dollars
and
1856]
20. [
July
Called
be requested
to pay Saml Marshs
Present.
Meeting.
S.
B.
Ewell
account
Prest
and
amountipg
Proff- rs
Totten
Smead
Resolved that the Bursar be directed to pay Mr Ewell Four hundred dollars
in
addition
to
S2800
the
voted
before
for
8.
July.
repairs,
making $
3200.
to
be drawn as he may require. . .
Resolved
that
Colin
Clark
of Gloucester
Esq.
bd requested
to solicit
sub-
scriptions from the friends of the College to aid in meeting the expenses of
the repairs now being made to the College building.
WEEKLY
WILLIAMSBURG
GAZETTE,
August
Williamsburg,
J.
1856,
7,
Vol.
III,
No.
40
col.
2.,
p.
ed.
Ewing,
4.
Hervey
WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE.
The
next
session
of
this
will
Institution
begin
on
the
3d Wednesday,
the
15th of October.
FACULTY: . . .
The
Students. . .
extensive
and
are
repairs,
hospitable
permitted
or to
board
to
in
city
of Williamsburg,
Aug.
7, -
006
W' msburg,
Va.,
live
the
7t[ imes]
in
the
families
College
of such
Building,
now undergoing
citizens
of the ancient
as may be willing to receive them.
�497.
Vol.
IBID.,
III,
No.
August
43,
OUR
The
of
the
halls,
for
the
new
a
themselves
completion.
The
interior
aspect.
The
two
becoming
more
at the
one
the
Northern,
are well
structure,
each apartment
the
designed
other
and impart
at
the
spacious
Southern
much to its
for the young men are advantageously
being well ventilated by means of two commodious windows,
Formerly the Students suffered no little
being spacious.
by being straightened
inconvenience,
and
The accommodations
ornament.
1.
to
speeding
rapidly
societies,
venerable
modified,
rooms
are
present
soon
col.
2.,
p.
COLLEGE.
College
literary
of the
and
the
will
building
extremity
beauty
of
repairs
1856,
28,
in
their
no
College
for their individual
comfort
accommodations,
in the United States can vaunt of better apartments
but
now
of the College are,
at present,
pecuniary resources
of Williamsburg,
in the accustomed liberality of
the citizens
nearly exhausted,
to improve the building. . .
will surely do all in their power, .. .
their hearts;
and
As
convenience.
the
the
literary
by supplying
lation to furniture.
The
the
of William &
College
city,
a
presents
least,
at
rooms,
suitable
appurtenances
being situated at the Western
Mary,
appearance
striking
very
with
to
the
stranger. . .
in re-
extremity
of
and unquestionably
does it deserve every architectural embellishment which the citizens of Williamsburg as well as the College authorities can bestow. . ..
Vol.
No.
3,
1856,
col.
1.,
renovated
9,
the
during
past
those who wish to reside
IBID.,
Vol.
III,
No.
50,
already
Session
Annual
p.
for
venerable
their
antiquity,
and will afford
summer,
have
comfortable
been
completely
quarters
to
in College.
16,
October
COLLEGE
The
6.
AND MARY COLLEGE.
buildings,
College
The
49
October
WILLIAM
IBID.,
commenced
on
1856,
p.
2.,
col.
1.
ITEMS.
yesterday.
A number of Students have
arrived.
R.
Mr.
Moses
The
repairs
Harrell was recently appointed Steward of the College. . .
to
the
College
building
are
thorough
and
complete.
�498.
SOUTHERN
LITERARY
James
the
were
sealed
they
Name
in
now
Resolved
dollars,
to
in
in
the
possession
of
placed
the
with
operation,
OF WILLIAM
16th [ 1856]
Dec
the
Vol.
of
whole
These
college.
up
and
up
active
the
broke
college
into
BOOK
RECORD
left
Blair]
to
library,
When
1856,
October,
his
23,
4,
No.
Pp.
280- 281
library,
consisting mostly of
are still in the college
divinity,
and many of them contain notes in his handwriting.
Rev.
on
works
MESSENGER,
of
hands
the
AND MARY
the
1781,
the
books
the
records
society
steward.
restored
[
Phi
Beta
to
the
Kappa]
Subsequently
of Virginia. . . it
Society
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
the
college
Historical
old
of
records
is
college.
Not paged.
Meeting of the Faculty . . .
that
the Bursar
credit
the
be requested
of Mr
Ewell
to deposit
1st
the
by
of
the
sum of eight
on
January,
account
hundred
of
repairs,
without the delivery of a bohd
WILLIAM
AND MARY
Receipt]
PAPERS-
COLLEGE
S.
for
Ewell
260.
painting
portrait
of
William &
Mary College
To
T('
Benj .
Folder
Lambdin
J.
R.
Johns -
Bishop
-
-
Dr
-
-
150.
- $
40S50
P4ila
Dec.
WILLIAM
26.
1856
AND MARY
COLLEGE
Bursar'
s
1850- 1875
Book
P.
95.
1856
Dec.
31]
Jan]
14
( cash)
By do pa4. d Adams & Co Express freight
Bishop Johns portrait from Philada to
Wmsburg wharf
By
Repairs-
viz.
deposited
to
B.
S.
on
Ewells
4. 00
credit. . .
1450. 00
Do paid for portrait of Bishop Johns viz.
J.
Feb.
23
R.
Lambdens
S.
Robinson
for
150. 00
bill
A.
E.
T.
Tabb &
Co. (
frame
Repairs)
44. 81
194. 81
138.
56
�499.
AND
WILLIAM
Catalog
College,
24- 26.]
pp.
PAPERS,
Folder 63.
Session 1856- 57]
COLLEGE
MARY
of
GOVERNMENT
OF
STUDENTS
040
12.
14.
or
No student
No
shall keep in his room fire- arms
student
of any description. . .
shall. . .
keep or have intoxicating
injure the property of College. . .
possession;
drinks
in his room,
Students
shall not unnecessarily absent themselves from their rooms
after bed- time;
nor shall they play at such times on
during study
musical instruments,
or make any noises whereby the attention of their fellowstudents may be distracted or their repose disturbed.
19.
hours,
20.
o
nor
Students
24.
No
26.
Students
College
IBID.,
student
building
Folder
from
Letter
not. . .
shall
at
while
lie
recitation. ..
down
on
the
benches. . .
e
shall
residing
during
123B,
a dog
in
the
College
building.
in town shall not visit those
nor
hours;
study
at night
after
rooming
10
in the
o' clock.
Ms.
W.
Geo.
keep
Guy
to
Pres.
Chandler,
Atlanta,
Jan.
15,
1930.]
1855- 57]
Dear
Dr.
I
Chandler:
had my
conference
Capt.
with
Graves [
who
attended
college
1855- 57]
this
morning and he says the windows in his room were dormer windows and he thinks
they were in the roof corresponding to the dormer windows in the front of the
His room opened into a large hall which ran the entire length of
building.
the building.
There was a flight of winding stairs located in each wing and
he says he thinks his windows opened on a porch or piazza but he is not sure
of this.
He does not remember any iron railings at the rear entrance and he
does not think the distance very great from this point to the ground.
His minds wanders a great deal and I am not sure how much we can depend
upon
the
above
information.
Both
seem to think that he remembers
WEEKLY
WILLIAMSBURG
Williamsburg,
Jan.
GAZETTE,
8,
1857
J.
p.
Mr. &
Mrs.
Smith[ daughter &
things
Hervey
Ewing.
son- in- law]
fairly well.
1.,
col.
Vol.
IV,
No.
10
4.
in this city, is prospering in all her relations. . .
William & Mary College,
Look out for a brilliant Commencement on the 4th July next.
The interior of the College building presents a decidedly improved
appearance-
The
recitation
and
private
apartments
are
elegant.
�500.
RECORD
BOOK
1857.
Jay
OF
AND MARY
WILLLAM
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Not paged.
6th
Regular meeting of the Faculty, . . .
that the Bursar be requested to pay to Mr Ewell the sum of six
Resolved
hundred and fifty dollars by the 15th day of Jany on account of repairs,
10th [ 1857]
Feby
Allowed &
to
amounting
fund.
Regular Meeting
ordered
account
4n
paid on account of
thirty eight dollar
be
hundred &
one
E
P
...
Tabb &
fifty
Co
for
six cents
hard
ware
out the capital
Regular meeting of the Faculty. . .
24th [ 1857]
Mar
to
of the Faculty-
of
Peter
Powell
T
to
amounting
dollars &
six
seventy
four
cents
was ordered to be paid out of the fund for repairs
AND
WILLIAM
COLLEGE
MARY
PAPERS,
Folder
typed.
99,
April
Williamsburg.
10th,
1857.
My Dear Sir
The
of which
picture
limited
the
of
number
you
write,
would
likely to be met with is in the financial
in aid of the
3 or 4 have given
anything
the
exception
of the
10th
the
6300
sum
If
well?--
ad
of
an
be
you
of Visitors.
mention
opportunity
time I must request
can
Board
here.
offers
be
to
belonging
paintings
a most
the
part
appropriate
College.
of
the
to
repairs
It would
The
addition
Not
process.
the
College
be difficult
to
only difficulty
more
than
Building,
to raise
with
the
Would not a copy of the picture answer
I will
you to aid in devising
press
some
the
subject.
scheme
In
the
mean
by which the obstacle
overcome.
Yours most sincerely,
Benj . S. Ewell.
B.
Hugh.
RECORD
Grigsby,
BOOK
Esq.
WILLIAM
OF
AND
MARY
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
26th [ 1857]
Regular Meeting of the Facultyh . .
An offer of books to William and Mary College from the Library of the late
Joseph C Cabell having been made by his nephew and executor
N.
F. CabellResolvedThat they be accepted and that the thanks of the Faculty be presented
May
to
the
June
Mr
donor.
. . .
16th [ 1857]
T.
lecture
.. .
Thompson
room
during
H.
having
the
hour
been reported
of
for throwing
lecture. . . Resolved
that
fire
he
crackers in Mr Smeads
put on probation. . .
be
�501.
8th
July
Two
Meeting pursuant
1857.
the
for
bonds
of
Sinn
to adjournment. . .
hundred
Fifteen
and
One
dollars,
thousand
respectively,
given by Mr Ewell to the College for the proper expenditure of money paid him
for
WEEKLY
directed
were
repairs
GAZETTE
WILLIAMSBURG
J.
Williamsburg:
Vol.
IV,
ed.,
Ewing,
Hervey
COMMENCEMENT
At
Also another of seven hundred dollars.
cancelled.
be
to
36,
No.
8,
July
1857.
2.,
p.
1.
c.
EXERCISES
Mary College.
William &
the annual commencement of this time honored Institution
On the 3d inst.,
came off in a most agreeable and gratifying manner. . . .
000
The College has been thoroughly
would
student
not
its
know
repaired
and altered
so much that an old
The two Societies have Very handsome
interior.
2d floor.
Many new dormitories have been added and old ones
so that its sleeping arrangements are equal to any in the State.
Its faculty is one of the ablest in the country. . .
halls
on
fitted
the
up;
THE
IV,
48.
No.
Wm. &
Mary.-
Wm. &
Mary;
September
Williamsburg:
we have
yet,
As
but
we
AND RICHMOND
GAZETTE,
WEEKLY
WILLIAMSBURG
Vol
heard
but
1857.
little
the
indulge
sanguinely
AND NORFOLK MERCANTILE
30,
p.
1.,
as to the
hope (
c.
ADVERTISER
4.
future
success
of
and not without foundatior}j)
that the ensuing session will be quite a large addition to her past prosperity. .. .
RECORD
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
Regular
24th [ 1857]
Nov
The
been
books
presented
received-
WILLIAM
Letter
Resolved-
COLLEGE
AND MARY
from
to
John
S.
COLLD E, [
MARY
AND
Meeting
That
PAPERS,
Not paged.
of the Faculty. . .
Mary College by N. F.
the same be deposited
Wm &
Spencer,
1846- 1879],
Folder
Wmsbg.,
127,
to
Cabell
Esgr.
in
College
the
. . .
having
Library.. .
Ms.
Buck [?]
Williamsburg,
24
Nov.
1857]
We have about eighty students in College and I expect by the 22nd of
February we will have a good many more as that is half of the session. . .
I
have
not
been
hunting
but
once
and
then
I
only
went
out
in
the
College
yard
�502.
and
[1858]
llth
An
dollars,
sic] . . .
AND MARY
Regular
of the Faculty.
lugiber,
ordered
allowed &
was
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
for
Bros.
Hardy &
it
15th [ 1858]
June
[
Regular Meeting
of
account
Sixty
chinkens
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
RECORD
May
four
killed
I
Meeting
Not paged.
.. .
having been presented amounting to
to be paid.
of the Faculty.. .
Hamilton having been reported for damaging the Lecture
9th instResolved that they each pay two dollars
fifty cents for damages to the Lecture room .. .
Marshall &
Messrs
night
the
on
room
COLLEGE
AND MARY
WILLIAM
of the
Bursar'
1850- 1875.
Book
s
99]
p.
12
May]
15th [ 1858]
COLLEGE, [
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
Regular
account for
Bros
pd Hardy &
do
by]
BOOK
RECORD
June
Cr]
Cash
1858
Meeting
1846- 1879],
60. 00
flooring)
Lumber (
Not paged.
of the Faculty.. .
The following Books having been presented to the College Library by Mrs
C.
B.
H.
A
Washington
T.
2
Population Bolingbrokes
2
Manual -
Civil
Works -
History
2
of
South,
Bunsen,
New
De
s
on
Notes
of
Wealth
Virginia,
vol:
Principles
T.
3.
The
Essays R.
Dew,
Democracy
the
s
Statesmans
1.
vol:
in
Lieber
vol:
Branch -
on
Burke'
of Universal
of Political
Secret
on
Works;
of Early Roman
Constitution,
2.
Prof
Malthus
Political
Olive
Philosophy
late
vols;
vols:
Benton
Federalist -
Days;
2.
Crddibility
Senate -
Bledsoe:
Historical
Laws -
Speeches -
vol:
Latter
Usury
on
s
S.
Husband,
Ricardo'
2
Webster'
McCullockts
s
of her
of New York -
Nations;
Speeches -
s
Essays-
Quincey'
Essay
Jefferson'
History
Self-
vols:
Constitution,
vols;
request
the
Thirty Years in U.
2
government Liberty & Slavery -
vol:
Carlyle -
1787,
4.
Brougham'
Mania,
the
Smiths
works -
Liberty &
9. vols:
to
Documentary
Vols;
vol:
2
History -
agreeably
Viz.
Washington
Economy,
Lacon,
Negro-
Sociology
Creasy on English
debates
America -
of
De
Convention
Wocqueville,
s
�bO3.
of
Views
Duer,
of
Political
Texas,
On the writings
Reports,
s
Constitutional
Lardner,
by
Mechanics -
Sparks,
History
Jefferson'
Baldwin,
Constitution -
Washington -
Wm
Miscellanies -
of
JurisprudenceBenthamiana-
Giles,
Political Philosophy,
Bentham &
That the thanks of the Faculty be tendered to Mrs Washington for
Resolvedthis addition to the College Library so valuable in itself and so interesting
from
its
association,
Addressee
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Folder
Pres-
Ewell-
S,
Benj,
99,
typed.
unknown)
1858.
16th,
June
Willi+, sburg,
m
My Dear Sir
If
of
the
bodies
in
description
two
were
might)
recollect
In
remains
of two
of
rows
I
that
all
or
have
not
is
your
so
that
or
There
made.
was
D.
where
Sir John
there
are
of him-- is.
very probably
stupid a mistake.
but
was
you,
in
E.
was
the
stated
there
Diagram ( if
the
of
John
are
where
there
Peyton
I
Ran-
the
Randolph--
coffin with the double
Botetourt.
careful
in
was
buried
F.
was found the
of Lord
A
it
that
one,
vault
in the
D.
In
marked
Randolph
also
that
I do not know how
exploration
of
this
vault
whether or not the bones are those of Botetourt.
determine,
might
It
made
vault,
sent
Chapel
College
as
bodies,
tacks,
the
middle
mistake
a
is mortal
brass
could
the
marked
that
dolph.
in
vaults
positively,
to make
impracticable
that
at
exploration
[ omitted]
to do it during
stay. . .
Benj .
S.
Ewell
SOO
RECORD
BOOK
8th [ 1858]
July
A
for
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
Called Meeting of the Faculty -
rendered
bill
cents,
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
Totten,
by Dr
paid for
cash
repairs
to forty eight
amounting
on
the Brafferton
house,
dollars &
was
sixteen
allowed &
ordered to be paid.
July
13.
1858]
[
it
Whereas
that
an
Resolvedtwo
was
Called Meeting of the Faculty. ..
of
represented
by the Professor
appropriation
That
hundred
the
dollars
required
is
Bursar
out
of
be
for
directed
any
the
to
Natural
Chemical &
pay
unappropriated
Mr
Ewell -
income
Philosophy & Chemistry
Philosophical
in
Prof
his
in
apparatus.
that
hands.
department
�504,
AND MARY
WILLIAM
COLLEGE
Bursar'
Book
s
1850- 1875
100]
p.
1858
Cr]
Cash
006
10]
July
"
"
"
cash
by
Do [
act:
Totten]
Silas
pd
for
Chapel
Repairs &
20]
July
"
" [
By B.
S.
Ewell]
of
Purchase
Philoso-
200. "
Apparatus
phical
4 .
Chemical &
93. 26
c
0
WILLIAMSBURG
Lively
Ewing &
William &
Speaking
the
in
so
as
of
deal
great
of the College
yard, about
removed
or
re-
2.,
p.
1
c.
reminds
which
of
would
one
to
like
hand-
doubtless
of Lord
a
say
one
shilallahed
a
leaf,"
new
us of the Statue
we
Minus
appearance
a
over
Her Faculty is an able one. . .
prosperity.
modeled.
the
present
to
37.
5 No.
1858
having " turned
College,
College
either
Vol.
28,
July
eds.
Mary
a
anticipates
GAZhl' TE
WEEKLY
from
It
face
nose-
should
battered
filled
cloak,
Irishman-
further
Bottetourt
word.
rents,
unable
to
protection
any
body
filled with sores and scabs, produced by sundry hard licks of mischievous
studentit is indeed a pitiable object and a heavy tax upon the sensi-
afford
with
of
bilities
the
resembles
a
is
upon
placed
statue
it?
much
you
needn'
the
t
is
ARGUS,
Research
now
for
after
an
to
stand
being
admiration
art
else,
think
in
are
Lord",
should
for
be
dated
page
538
July 25,
fingers,
Whatever
the
taken
their
Quo
it,
Messrs.
for
a
few
down.
antiquity,
College
centuries
Should
fre-
authorities,
longer.
So.
down.
Norfolk,
Saturday Morning,
1858.
July 31,
Photostat
Dept.
of William and Mary. *
It has long been known that several eminent persons
than a century past beneath the floor of the Chapel
See
strikingly
by dirty
crowd.
the
rain-
though they be in a battered
The Dead of the Chapel
more
of " My
duly daubed
admired
about
statu
of
and
eye- sore,
of
anything
come
we
it
the
contour
attire
which
Works
thing
take
SOUTHERN
in
as
Since
let
You
file
it
as
cnn
for
pole
reflect.
condition.
on
a
us
quently,
THE
dough,
of
man
once,
was
Let
The
spectator.
the
following
1852,
for
concerning
letter
this
from
Hugh
article
Blair
written
had been buried for
of William and Mary
Grigsby, erroneously
mg
by William Lamb.
�505.
but so long a time had elapsed
College;
the
ago,
that
premises,
however,
one
doubt
was
floor,
old
the
feet
some
all
than
higher
which
old
the
since there had been an inspection
Some
subject.
on the
uncertainity
removed,
rotten,
was
had become
and
taken
has
its
and
of
weeks
a
new
An opportunity was
place.
and although we
presented of inspecting the entire area of the Chapel;
were not
we have taken some pains to ascertain the result
present ourselves,
of the examination.
This we have done not only for the gratification of our
thus
but
readers,
for
All who
the
have
sake
of
visited
future
the
reference.
venerable
Chapel
will
remember
that
two
doors
That on the right enables the visitor
building.
into the body of the Chapel,
while the left door is at present only
to pass
used for admission to the stage on which the Board of Visitors and the Faculty
seated
are
on
As
assembly.
feet,
is
bottom
enter
of
hold
the
and from which
occasions,
public
to
to
College
the
you
vault
the
enough
large
the
from
it
into
open
Sir
two
crown
hand
right
the
it
coffins;
arch
the
of
It
Randolph.--
John
the
students
almost
door,
immediately
feet
five
is
eight
feet
long,
and
is
four
half
and
your
just
inside,
the
The
the
beneath
broad
feet.
a
address
height
bottom
from
of the
vault is alone three feet below the surface of the ground on the outside of
the
This
building.
it
presently,
could not be
for
opened;
to
only
the
length
floor
the
of time
been
taken
was
which
had
by
as
This vault was first
up.
elapsed
since
living
the
vaults
nobody
were
could
they
From its position in respect to the elegant mural tablet just
it was evident that it contained the remains of Sir
Nothing could be seen but the base of the scull, and a heap
left;
coffin
there were three iron handles
and were probably
the
have
which "
by
the
six
the
By
grave.
rust,
it
ever
seen
any
person,
Chapel,
the
Of
means
from
when
in
it
dust.
the
from
Randolph.
John
of
seen
them.
identify
above
made
indeed
if
seen,
is in common with the other vaults of which we shall
of common bricks and mortar put together
roughly,
is
speak
of
freeholders"
honest
Bruton
Parish
bore
his
corpse
as these handles had not suffered very materially
way,
may be that the remaining handles had been removed at some
probably when the remains of Lady Randolph were laid by the
time,
previous
of those of her
side
Close
husband.
Sir
John' s remains
were
found
the
plank, especially of the lid,
of cloth with double rows of brass tacks.
that of Sir John.
decomposed
as
Many of the bones
large
relics
of
around
of
the
the edge of which were strips
a
several
to
coffin,
not
The
body
are
entire.--
was
as
entirely
pieces
This second body was apparently shorter than the first.
John?
whose
question arises,
Was it Lady Randolph' s?
buried
in
body rested in the coffin by the side of Sir
Is it known among her relatives that she was
The
the
Chapel?. . .
If
buried
was
she
the
in
Chapel
these
remains,
of
and it should not be overlooked that she survived her husare hers;
course,
not for a. single body, but ample enough
constructed
and had the vault
band,
not buried here,
she
was
for two.
If
and wersincerely trust some of her relatives may be able to settle the fact, then it hardly admits of a question
that
this
the
was
of
body
The
Botetourt.
Lord
cloth
and the
double
rows
of brass
tacks were probably the highest marks by which the undertakers of Williamsburg
could
first
the
their
express
buried
in
person
the Chapel,
ed.
A skilful
they
belonged
is
his
was
not
Lord
body
the
ideas
was
only
in
anatomist
to
a
male
Botetourt'
placed
vault
of nobility.the Chapel. . .
Let
it be
observed
that Sir John was
if Lady Randolph was
she was the first of her sex to whom that honor was tender-
buried
might probably
or
s,
there,
there,
And
female.
then
his
then
and
as
body
this
the
At all
events,
decide from the remaining
bones whether
if this body
may farther add that,
and if
rested under the Chapel;
never
we
double
body
vault
was
was
the
merely kept
place
in
for
reserve
it,
as
until
it
it
�506.
could
from
for
sent
be
his body was buried
Now the tradition
England.
is clear and continuous
that
in the Chapel.
040
vault
the
Adjoining
extending
dimensions,
same
leaden
hand
there
hand
left
and
leaden
a
was
a. wooden
coffin
and immediately under the platform or stage
John,
Sir
which
in
of the
top
right
It contained
fashioned.
The
of
the
between
was another vault of the
doors,
of
coffin
large
size,
coffin apparently in tolerable
flat,
was
the
sides
and
cohvex;
elegantly
preservation.
it
was
uninjured
except at one point where there was a hold made probably by gases generated
by
the
General,
fifty
if
even
Randolph,
On
The elegance of the coffin and the completeness of
at once the coffin of John Randolph,
the Attorney
body.
proclaimed
decomposing
fixtures,
its
Attorney
years."
of them were
on
Immediately
another
vault
opening
it
the
words:
were
two
the
door
which
the
edges
Randolph,
of John
remains
the
enclosed
of
the
tacked
instead
lid
the
of
surface
of
vent
upper
the
widow
the
with
remained
has
By
the
august
of which
is
of
There
to
the
circumstance
after
his
and
polish,
This
defect
to its good preservation,
case
of John
Randolph
found
a
is,
lead,
A year after his death his
Edmund
had
which
the
were
Williamsburg.
of the College
doubtless
is
the
to find in the tomb which
no mark
however,
upon
in removing
in
seen
but
his body
to this
A
Virginia.
and bore it to the vault where
now living.
recently,
by any person
was
in the same vault,
Speaker,
until
It
simple
committed
been
then
the
Assembly, then holding its first
Six members of the Assembly
General
by
leaving
Randolph
remains
in
him
size.
expect
husband.
affirm
the
large
which we might
without
in with
and his
ceremonies
constitution
unseen,
of
side
being
together.
soldered
in the
of his nephew
Williamsburg;
decreed
was
Randolph,
received his body at the threshold
it
one not much
Esq.". . .
filled
surface
services
to
the
under
session
which
escape,
Peyton
"
most
the
funeral
public
lower
the
Philadelphia
vault
On
size.
On the breast of the coffin was a plate silver- gilt on the
inscription,
obtained
to
gases
side.
surface,
eloquent
from
the
allowed
in
appeared
same
side of the
a wooden
lead
the
being
in the closing of the coffin may have contributed
it
the
about
The leaden coffin was not as neatly finished as the one which held
decayed. --
as
aged
for ornament.
there
above,
and
on the north
first,
The
coffin
described
mentioned
just
discovered.
in a leaden
perhaps
John
"
1784,
Deum.".. .
hand
left
used,
plates
words:
first,
thirty
January
smaller
Gloria
"
the
with
line
contained
several
were
entering
a
bodies
two
was
vault,
in
There
died
these
contaiied
had not
tin plate upon it
General of Virginia;
the
six
one
it
the
another
of Mrs.
the
body,
Peyton
body
she had constructed
fragments
which
skeleton
Randolph,
for her
would
enable
us
That the body is not Lord Botetourt' s is plain from the
fact.
that the vault was not constructed
until
seven
or eight
years
decease.
004
what
We may as well
say here,
of the three Randolphs,
vaults
vaults
bricked
opened
of
believed
and
should
We
their
father
inmates
to
and
also
were
said
have
the
two
that
the
embrace
the
before,
sons, . . .
after
say that,
identified,
the
the
inspection
opening
was
of
securely
and it is probable that acentury may pass when they may again be
feet
vaults
Bishop
to
Chapel.
made,
ought
examination. . .
ten
single
vault
was
up;
for
About
two
of the
width
entire
the
the
we
have
the
from
in
close
Madison,
been
western
end
of
the
buried
the
other
there,
or
that
of
on
the north
side,
are
the one next to the wall being the
juxtaposition;
and
Chapel,
of Mrs.
Chancellor
Madison,
Nelson,
his
wife,
who
is
who
is
believed
�507.
to
been
have
buried
done
in
be
the
vaults
fact
alone
About
of
in
in
the ¢ college
in
the
It
in
were
which
of
grave
floor
wooden
of
and
raised,
the
see
examination
turbed
re-
dimensions
ample
when
was
ground
no
it
is
Chancellor
is
single
the
as
Chancellor
was
but,
s;
as
the
occupants:
described
Nelson'
s
was
a
if
grave,
grave
he
was
or of a student who was drowned
and
1822,
is
cut
nails
are
of
recent
grave
or
vault
they
other
Madison
of the Bishop.
just
said
and bones were found with
The
Nelson'
irW' their
who
vaults
vaults,
year
Mrs.
as is frequebtly
a platform above the other.
sic]
single
either
that
single,
show
that
to
have
buried
small pieces
of a
it
have
could
not
After
invention.
was
been
found.
In
a
been
a minute
few
days
the
but we had the pleasure of seeing that a trap door
laid;
has
[
surmise
two
was
nails.
Botetourt,
Lord
of the
examination
It
about
cut
an
vault
only
the
opened,
was
improbable
though
one of them is the vault
of the
pond
mill-
can
from
kind.
either
not
is
It
husband,
second
we
that
feet
any
Chapel.
coffin
the
then
six
her
being placed
opened,
certain
or
mark
a
interred
the
not
Chapel.
with
coffin
cse,
being
five
without
not
the
were
the
in
vault
same
England,
this
If
the
buried
the
in
secured
and which,
firmly by screws,
will admit the curious who may move about in a stooping posture,
the vaults
outside of
for themselves.
We ought to say that the
was
conducted with all possible
delicacy, and that nothing was dis-
or moved
from
been
its
made,
which
is
place.
We may as well state here that under the old floor of the Chpel was found
a couple of tin plates formerly
and bearing the initials
meals,
were
used by the students in colonial times at their
of the College stamped upon them where they
made.. .
WILLIAM
AND MARY
from
Letter
Dear
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Mrs.
108,
Folder
Stoddert
Eliz.
Ewell
to
Ms.
her
daughter
Rebecca.]
October
Becca
llth
58
The College will open the day after tomorrow there are 6 or 8
students
here
written
above
of
Brandon,
Morrison;
rooms,
the
rooms,
have
now,
was
&
RECORD
Oct
BOOK
Mr
already,
another
they
one
the
over
their
may
Harrison
Morrisons
the
own
has
Morrison
" students",
come
all
cousins
will
6
brought
before
board
parlor & the one
do their
servant, &
of
or
after]
or
the
here [
over
own
8
first
sic]
Bens. . .
students,
that
Mrs
here,
will
washing. . . [
I
["
know
besides"
of,
Atkinson, &
is
Harrison
of Mrs
they will have 2
furnish
Ben]
their
own
is in the parlor
yesterday. . .
OF WILLIAM
13th [ 1858]
AND
Meeting
MARY
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
of the Faculty -
That in as much as Stewarts Intellectual Philosophy a text- book
by the Board of Visitors for the Department of Intellectual Philosophy
is out of print, the Faculty recommend as a substitute Cousin' s Psychology
translated
by Henry. . .
Resolved-
selected
�508.
20th [ 1858]
October
Meeting
of the Faculty .. .•
A letter was read from Gen John H Cocke offering to give one hundred dollars
to
old
the
replace
the subscription
be
tendered
Resolved-
to
the
in
Elms
College
ResolvedThat
yard, with native Elms.
be received and that the thanks of the Faculty
of Gen Cocke
him.. .
That
Dr Totten
be appointed
a committee
with full power to carry out
the wishes of Gen Cocke.
Oct
26th [ 1858]
Resolved-
Regular Meeting
of the Faculty. . .
Natural
That upon the reccornendation of Mr Ewell the Faculty authorize
Natural Philosophy as one of the text- books in the department
Philosophy & Chemistry. . .
WILLIAM
AND
of
Dear
Mrs.
full,
is
6
2
from
hole
or
Lizzie
to
120,
Ewell,
Mrs.
for
corner
packed
students
Ms.
1
1858.]
Nov.
ih
her
the
garret
enough
for
2
furniture,
of the
2
Ewell
Benj .
S.
people
which
opposite
something
WILLIA.M AND
I
to
her
Wm.
son
S.
of
a
MARY
should
Ben &
but
was
rooms,
for
they
have
shall
their
for
removed
a
fine
Bursar'
s
Book
be
clothes,
the
their
has
virtuoso &
COLLEGE
not
Lizzie]
crowded
&
furniture &
mechanical
2
58
rooms,
1858
taste
of Mr &
very
or
Mrs
Morrison
it
nice
turn. . .
1850- 1875.
Nov]
Cash]
20
By cash pd
L
Salusbury
Cr]
bill
of
chairs
they
one of the rooms is filled
accommodation
own
13th
into
101]
p.
attic,
say
Ewell]
November
three [
58
Ms.
Eliz.
William
We
rather
or
1st
the house being
accommodation,
Robinson, & [ Manz?] . . .
Harrisons,
108,
Folder
Letter
no
are
Page,
IBID.,
with
Ewell
Folder
November
there
Tayloe,
are
Eliz.
PAPERS,
Lizzie
there
Dear
COLLEGE
MARY
from
Letter
is
the use
of
Loomis'
9.
00
is,
he
out
�509.
BOOK
RECORD
Nov
23d [ 1858]
That
Dr.' Totten
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Regular Meeting
Resolved.
the
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
Not paged.
of the Faculty. . .
be allowed
to purchase
three window
sashes
for
Brafferton.
Dec
7th [
1858]
of the Faculty. . .
of Prof:
Taliaferro for authority to
Harrison' s Grammar as a text book in his Department be granted.
Resolved-
introduce
the
application
That
ResolvedHarrison
Regular Meeting
That
the
application
Greek
on
of Prof: Joynes for authority to introduce
as a text book in his Department be granted.
Prepositions"
IBID.
Jany
18th [ 1859]
Regular Meeting of the Faculty .. .
That the portion of the College land in the rear of the Presidents
beginning on the west line at a corner stone on the west line of College
Resolved-
garden
land
and
running
thence in
along that line
a line parallel
in
1.
a
southerly course
the 1st course
1.
thence
46ch.
due
East
thence dur West
46 ch:
to the corner stone,
be set Apart as a burying ground for the Professors of the
their families & the Students,
College,
and be called the College Cemetery.
90ch.
Resolved-
That
Mr
Ewell
of such other members
AND
WILLIAM
Faculty
MARY
RESOLVED:
That
for publishing
IBID.,
Folder
TTetter
1
from
the
bursar
99,
transfer
the
remains
proper
of
his
father
to College
and
Cemetery.
typed.]
1859,
be
to
as he may think
Folder 56.
PAPERS,
February
the general
John
allowed
of his family
COLLEGE
Minutes,
be
to
to
directed
Charles
pay
B.
Norton $
268. 50
catalogue.
Ms.
Tyler
to
S.
Benj .
Ewell
Sherwood
Feb.
2.
Forest
1859
My Dear Sir:
There
first
is
one
thing
building
was
laid
to
410
lectures?
by
fire
in
that
in
not
1793[
a
sic]
little
old
The Corner stone
puzzles me when was it finished or
of
the
opened
style
It was occupied by the legislature some time before its destruction
The opening for lectures of the present building is also obscure -
1705 -
Your
Catalogue
sume
that
commences
without
with
awaiting
the
a
supposed
completion
list
of
of
the
Students
building,
before
but
1720 -
only
I pre-
long
enough
�510.
for
to
rooms
finished,
be
the
entered
Professors
upon
duties -
their
The
records
of the Faculty do not go farther back than 1729 at which time the duties of the
Professors
first
a
commenced. . .
convocation
of Ministers
1719, thus shewing that the College
time I suppose it will be impossible
or second
Buildings
were
opened
for
was
held
in. the
was in condition for Lectures
Apt
that
before
Faculty
a
as
in
College
to
determine
when
either
the
lectures -
004
John
Tyler
400
RECORD
Feby
8th [ 1859]
Totten
Regular
of
Meeting
the
Not paged.
Present
Faculty:
Professors
Ewell
Snead
Joynes &
Taliaferro
Morrison
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
ResolvedThat Dr Totten be appointed to draw up an account of the conflagration
which consumed the College buildings to be spread upon the books of the Faculty.
That Lectures
possib] e- that Mr
be suspended
Resolvedas[ sic]
to
rent
suitabl[
Whereas
schoolMr
Griswold
lecture
sic]
G.
J.
Mr
rooms
for
his
for to- day and resumed
Joynes &
Mr
as soon as soon
Mr Morrison be appointed a committee
rooms.
Griswold
lecture
as
Ewell
rooms-
has kindly offered the Faculty the use of his
Resolved that the thanks of the Faculty be tendered
offer
ResolvedResolvedon
That measures be immediately taken to rebuild the College edifice
That the Bursa—
be requested
the
College
Resolvedto
be
to collect
without
delay the insurance
buildings
That
a
to
submitted
of
committee
the
be
three
for
Visitors,
the
to
appoihted
of
renewal
obtain
the
plans &
College
Specifications
with
edifice-
power to send for an Architect
Resolvedfor
the
That
be
donations
from
solicited
mentioned &
above
purposes
that
the
Alumni &
friends
of
the
Snead
Taliaferro &
Joynes
Messrs
College
be
appointed a committee to prepare a suitable circular.
Dr Totten' s report on the burning
the
On
of
wing
from
of
the
or
has
fire
in
had
in
the
the
lower
basement,
in
the
burning
cutting
in
story
in
the
the
what
after
and
basement
the
o'
on
the
as
into
the
burned
Chemical
the
and
before
fire-
the
the
from
flames
Laboratory-
downward,
floor
30' clk.
into
evening
into
and
north
this,
Either
the
were
therefore
basement,
the
before
the
Flames were issuing
Laboratory.
A pile
It
laboratory.
fire originatedNo person as far as
A servant
clk of the preceeding
day-
through
one
be
fire,
on
floor,
way
minutes
to
occupied
also
laboratory
in
few
a
discovered
upward
laboratory
wood
February
was
was
opening
ascertained
the
of
8th
building
an
basement
been
was
been
of
the
originated
the
not
known
in
through
ascending
the
College
window
wood
dry
of
morning
the
of the College.
had
a
light
with
him,
�i
511.
but he left about half past ten o' clk and persons passing by the windows of
the basement
after 12 Otclk at night
saw no appearance
of fire at that hour.-
The fire when discovered had made such progress that there could be no hope
of saving the building.From the wing the flames spread with great rapidity
through
great
the
the
extremely dry
illuminated
for
stood
the
the
South
wood
was
country
spectators
tinguish
of
and
building,
main
amount
around
fire
the
that
as
in
miles
blazing
the
taking
fire
time
same
in
on
the
on
direction-
every
from the
roof,
beginning-
Lsic]
was made
In
a
fire &
[ sic
Crouds
but no attempt
building,
hopeless
was
wing
at
was
four
of
to ex-
hours
after the discovery of the fire the wood work of the building was entirely
consumed,
timber
here &
except
there a blazing
in the ruins
smouldering
The
Philosophical &
book
single
saved
Chemical
from
the
beam upon the walls
Apparatus
was
or fragments
destroyed,
entirely
not
of
a
Library,
the smoke being to dense to enterThe Library being in the story above the laboratory was in flames in a short
time
the
after
Randolph &
heat &
fire
destroyed-
records &
reports
about
&
The
The
loss
fine
a
walls
Mural
monument
of Sir
John
six
of the Blue Room consisting
portraits
of
copies
the
of the
a number
-
new
of volumes of congressional
catalogue,
were carried out of
still
are
though
standing,
warped &
cracked
by the
all Chimnies and a portion of the interior walls have fallen.
sustained
old
the contents
papers thousand
exterior
heat,
though
the
saved
building &
intense
discovered-
was
the Tablet of Bishop Madison in the Chapel were calcined by the
entirely
Uollege
the
was
in
were
by the College is not easily estimatedThe buildings
good repair, the interior having been almost entirely
renewed within the past few years at a cost of six thousand five hundred
rsthe Library contained about 8000 volumesIt contained many rare
and curious
books & many that were valued highly on account of the asstciations
dolly
connected
The
with
them.
Philosophical
may be
Apparatus
estimated
as
worth
2000
dollars-
It
contained several old instruments valuable for their antiquity as the relics
of the
of
science
thousand
the
dollars,
former
there
was
agesno
the buildings were insured for twenty
insurance
the
on
Library & other property
S,
Benj,
WILLIAM
R.
J.
Morrison'
February
About
I
was
door,
MARY
AND
8,
and
account
s
QUARTERLY. . .
of
Fire-
2nd
from
Series,
ms.
Vol.
VIII,
Pres-
pp.
267- 8.
volume in the Virginia
State Library.]
1859]
two
aroused
COLLEGE
Ewell-
o'
clock
from
crying
in
sleep
that the
the
by
a
morning
servant
college
was
of
the
boy,
on
eighth
day
of
Februfsry,
1859,
calling me by name at my chamber
fire.
I
sprang
from
my bed,
and
�512.
saw the light streaming in through the windows of the President' s House.
I
raised
the
towards
looked
window,
a
and
college,
saw two
large
volumes
of
flame isauing out of the second and third windows from the entry on the north
of
side
the
Library
and
advanced
in
great
for
such
had
not
reached
from
who
was
were
their
lost
them
warmer
of
roar
I met
when
the
flames,
the
which
was
unusually
who had just returned
Ewell,
President
where
college,
he had been to rescue
the
students
All the students were fortunately saved,
Three or four of them
in peril.
time
a short
to go to his
Ewell who was not half dressed,
the wind blowing
the night was cold and damp,
dormitories.
for
were
Mr.
urged
I
as
clothing,
but he said that I must first go with him to the base-
East;
North
the
from
of
the
in
of
terrific
college
effects.
for
chamber
the
sleeping
several
though
the
This was probably caused by the burning of the books.
floor
second
the
and the
Upon opening the front door of the President' s
scene.
fire.
a
that the Laboratory
I threw on my clothes in great haste,
conflagration.
with
struck
I
I
the
towards
rushed
House,
It was evident
edifice.
college
were
as it was important to discover if possible the
so.
From the appearance of the opening which had
the
origin of
I was convinced that the
the floor of the Laboratory,
then burnt through
There was evidently more fire above the
in that apartment.
fire originated
I thought the hole in the floor nearer
it.
had been below
floor than there
ment
the
under
Laboratory,
I
fire.
the
which
in
case
did
of
many
the
kept,
were
chemicals
the
to
than
About
stove.
ten o' clock the night before a negro man had been cutting wood in the basement
the
under
and
burnt
had
said
of
his
the
he
and
dining
a
the
lighted
the
Later
basement.
the
used
left
candle
Mr.
with
saw
for
room
no
windows
still
of
sign
to
something
Mr.
fire.
eat,
of
the
which
William
he
Tayloe
They saw no sign
student passed by
college.
Bagwell
About
another
one
o'
clock
Mr.,
Ewell
went
and he was attracted by no light
the
of Williamsburg
citizens
flocked
spectators
sorrowful
were silent,
gentlemen
would have been
attempt to stay their progress
that
and the old portuaits
were
saved,
college
and
the
the
Vol.
college
Library
Chapel
heat. --
IBID.,
the
saved
President
the
socket,
Messrs.
wooden
were passing the north side
Ewell,
of
in
a
midnight
college.
Soon
rooms
in
Near
room.
They stopped on this side of the Laboratory and amused
counting
Laboratory
into
in
in
light
the
by
had
boarding
students
Laboratory.
themselves
he
he
before
out
Page,
Penton
of the
and
Laboratory,
was
J.
pp.
in
sad
vain.
hung
in
Ladies
scene.
ravages
of
The
the
the
records
Blue
add
Any
flames.
of
room.
the
The
The most valuable furniture of the Lecture
seal.
the
the
Philomathean
Society
were
also
saved.
Everything
The mural tablets crumbled under the influence of
burnt.
Robert
VIII,
of
the
to
Morrison,
February
12,
185`).
269- 270.
The Vaults in the East End of the Chapel of the College of William and Mary.
Robert
J.
Morrison.
Ms.
vol.
in Virginia State Library.]
by reference to the 14th page of the College Catalogue contained in this
volume,
it will be seen from the letter of the Duke of Beaufort to the Faculty
of the College that the remains of Lord Botetourt were interred somewhere within
the
this
College
benefactor
grounds.
of the
To determine exactly the resting place of the body of
College
and
of the
colony
of Virginia,
this
evening,
�513.
we had the vault
identified.
I
this vault,
in
the
of
proved
to
was
memory,
chapel
the
chapel
the
up
of
to
it was necessary
show,
The
Revolution.
of Peyton
remains
that
it
should
be
vault
in
the
South
East
President
Randolph,
of
corner
the
first
who died of apoplexy in Philadelphia on the 22nd day of
the
54th year of
ew,
Edmund
1776.
In
November,
will
the
the
nep,
his
the only male body which had not been
because in order to identify the body
This vault according to the mural tablet erected
Sir John Randolph,
and it was the only vault in
in
October
contained
body,
male
male.
contains
Congress,
American
a
that
college
of
by
that
that
only
sequel
the
as
to
his
be
opened
say
his
and
vault,
this
His remains were brought to Williamsburg
age.
Randolph,
were
buried
in
the
college
chapel
in
large enough for two bodies only is another
body besides that of Peyton Randolph which from its size must be that of a
The vault between
woman.
Randolph,
the
Randolph
were
contained
in the
and
man,
one
buried
both
of
sons
rests
the
John
of the
in
Sir
Revolution,
contains
only the body of John
and John
Peyton
Randolph,
1784.
Thus the bodies of the men
Randolph.
died
who
Sir
old vaults
this
before
these two vaults
General
Attorney
in
chapel
John
are
Randolph'
all identified
save
that
most probably have been buried in his father' s vault unless indeed
body is Sir John Randolph' s vault be that of a woman, of Sir John'
it
But
is
that
certain
this
of
vault,
anc' was most probably
else one of Sir John Randolph' s sons would
s
is
supposition
false,
for this
the second
s wife.
evening
the
bones
of both bodies in Sir John Randolph' s vault were examined by a physician of
undoubted
skill
in his profession,
and were pronounded to be the bones of
coffin lid of the more recently interred body was six feet
three or four inches long.
The decayed pieces of this coffin indicated that
it must have been as splendid as this country could have produced at the time
Besides
men.
of
the
the
of
death
Lord
These facts in connexion with those in the
Botetourt.
prefatory history of the college to be found in this book show conclusively
that
Lord Botetourt' s remains
chapel,
to
Randolphs
in
the
repose
chapel
the
in
Bishop
repose
in the North
of
of those
right
the
John
northern
Madison
and
Sir
their
of
side
East
Randolph.
Chancellor
vault
The
vaults.
respective
Nelson
are
in the college
remains
buried.-
of
the
three
Elsewhere
Robert
J.
Morrison.
THE
Vol.
HISTORY
I,
P.
OF
44.
THE
In
COLLEGE
OF WILLIAM &
William &
MiRY ( Randolph &
BURNING
1874)
Mary College Archives.
Newspaper clipping pasted in a special illustrated
THE
English:
OF
WILLIAM
AND
MANY'
Williamsburg,
S
edition
COLLEGE.
Va.,
Feb.
8,
1859
It is my sad duty to inform you of the burning of William and Mary' s
collegiate institutions in the country. ..
under
half- past two last night in the cellar,
addition known
the library wing.
as
the
The progress of the flames was very
them. . . owing to the fact that there
and no efforts were made to arrest
rapid,
no
fire engine in Williamsburg worthy of the name.
is
The building is entirely
The library,
consumed-- nothing but the bare walls being left.
containing from
College,
The
five
to
one of the oldest
fire
seven
broke
out
thousand
about
volumes,
valued
at
about $ 10, 000
is
destroyed,
as
is
�514...
chemical
the
also
old-in
valuable
the
chiefly
library
some
were
next
to
and
library
which
20, 000
will
the
will
occupy
known.
MARY
WILLIAM &
apparatus
not
repair
Court
new
room
Among the latter was an
and
some
antiquity.
theological
two
or
three
centuries
Among the valuable
its
and
works
natural
17
Folder
of
these
it
There
will
until the will of the Legislature
lectures,
for
House
All
books
books.
law
be
history.
as they were first editions.
insured;
were not
the building was insured for
the damages. . .
It is understood that the faculty
on
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
beneath.
mechanism,
ancient
very
many very rare works
to replace,
impossible
The
the
very curious
of
on account
also
were
be
of
clock,
astronomical
in
apparatus
ms.
in- law
from
Letter
Cynthia
Beverley
to
Washington
Tucker
her
father,'
Lawrence
Washington describing the burning of the College.]
Wednesday
We
all
are
great
in
distress
about
the
enclosed
I
the
7th
the
College
was
in
had
rooms
above
great
deal.
a
never
a
the
a
not
books
partly saved.
that could be
there
Louis
The
also
the
hope
Professors
at
is
this
least,
the
wall
blackened
indesiring
to
be
to
old
the
all
in
the
16th
I
light
were
the
students
several of them losing
&
saved,
that
room
could
rebuild
apparatus,
Charter,
everywhich were
is
of one of the Literary society was
a
All
were
broken &
destroyed,
except
It
is
not
either
able
begun
our
chemical
records &
the
partly standing &
fragments, & perhaps,
be able to
but
how the fire originated,
known
in
the
cellar
Sir
to
The
College
John
to
Randolph,
collect
which
venerable
Institution. . .
immediately. . .
is
the
great . . . & it is a melancholy
of
flames, &
in
were
lives,
Library
think.
worthies.
together.
hate
is
the morning
There was little of value
perfect wreck.
but its walls were adorned with beautiful marble
Chapel
moved,
of
one
to
supposed
Williamsburg
both
their
with
except the portraits
thing in short,
in the Blue room.
The Library
fortunately
memory
of
handsomest
you, &
before
In it were books of great value on account of their antiquity lost.
all
collection
Books presented by one of
of France,
in
Late on the night of
College.
to
discovered
the
tablets
night.
Theological
classical &
Kings
few
was
escaped
narrowly
Only
entered.
be
fine
it
when
Library,
our
1859
The fire broke out in the wing in which were both
ashes.
Laboratory &
who
old
invitation
directed
9th
Feb.
Williamsburg
Lectures
or
Laboratory.
The
loss
put,
it
to
sight to gaze upon the now
They and the Faculty are united
have
not
been
suspended,
but
are
conducted in a building near by the ruin secured for the purpose. . .
Note:
An
invitation
Feb.
19th
to
1859';
the
is
"
in
Celebration by the Alumni of the 166th Anniversary
Folder
17.
MG]
�515.
of
interior
were
and
saved,
from
saved
and
building
of
origin
the
fire
the
of
stored
north
the
the
over
for
furniture
There
the
The
their
saved
a
clothing
in the
1st
series,
in the Blue Room
Nothing
in the Main
and
The
books.
basement
at
ten
P.
M.
there.
QUARTERLY. . .
Rector
of the
of the
9th
reached
me
XI,
Vol.
College,
to
Benjamin
Forest,
My Dear Sir:
letter
barely
Society.
students
servant
was
Sherwood
Your
whole
floor]
library [ third
Philomathean
Society.
Phoenix
the
unknown.
Tyler,
of John
Letter
and the
wing,
The library and philosophical laboratory
sleeping
rd-£ loo-r]
i-
MARY COLLEGE
AND
and
wing is
1859.
Records and papers and the pictures
books
Hall
of
windows
ablaze.
was
10,
February
Students
lives.
the
south
Much wood was
WILLIAM
laboratory
their
with
escaped
lower
consumed.
entirely
were
was
the
Va.
from the
burst
flames
The
Norfolk,
ARGUS,
THE SOUTHERN
pp.
175- 6.
Ewell,
February
President]
11,
1959.
giving me intelligence
yesterday,
of the
destruction of the college building by fire on the morning of Monday. . .
May I suggest, my Dr Sir, to yourself and the other gentlemen of the Faculty
the propriety of drawing up with eare a statement of the circumstances
fire,
lectures,
rented
not
the
by
the
that
Dr.
Doctor
answer
for
RECORD
BOOK
Feby
you will
or is
Totten,
accommodate
lecture
it
them
part
himself
in
before
of
his
the
Is
Friday.
perquisites?
The
city?
rooms
the
If
Brafferton
the
of that
first,
could
house
would
rooms.
OF WILLIAM
12th [ 1859]
resume
a
of the
I hope that you have secured rooms for the
losses. . .
estimated
and
and
COLLEGE, [
AND MARY
Called Meeting
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
of the Faculty-
Mary has received a message
from Mr Richard Baylor that he intends to make a donation of one thousand
dollars to be applied towards the rebuilding and refurnishing the College,
Whereas
the
Faculty
of
the
College
of Wm &
Resolvedi.k That the Faculty tender to Mr Baylor their grateful thanks for this
substantial token of his regard for his Alma Mater and that he be cordially
invited again to attend the approaching
of the foundation
celebration
of the 166th Anniversary
of the College
Resolved- That the Secretary of the Faculty be instructed to send to Mr
Baylor in the name of the Faculty a bound copy of the historical Catalogue.
Resolvedcollect
funds
That Wm R C Douglas be appointed the agent of the Faculty to
for
rebuilding &
refurnishing
the
College
�516.
IBID.
15th [ 1859]
Feby
Meeting
of the Faculty.. .
ResolvedThat the necessary furniture for 5 Students be purchased
the accommodation of those whose furniture was destroyed by fire.
for
OiD
Resolved-
in
That
Mr Douglas
compensation -
the
recently
appointed
agent
of the Faculty to collect money for the reconstruction of the College Building
be
c
of
1st
allowed,
the
amount
his
travelling
necessary
good
subscription
collected
amount
if
does
not
10, 000 &
exceed $
5
exceed $ 5000.&
cent & c
per
exceed $
2only 10 percent
7 percent if the
c,
expenses &
not
does
1000. &
6 percent if the amount does not
for $ 20, 000 &
for sums intermediate
upwards &
to those mentioned a proportional intermediate percentage,
Benj,
WILLIAM
of
Diary
Friday,
COLLEGE
William
Col.
February
dinner
After
walls,
WILLIAM
as
Newspaper
a
MARY
AND
18th,
had
1st
QUARTERLY. . .
Winston
Vol.
Series,
Pres-
XVI,
p.
157.
Extract.]
Fontaine.-
1859. . .
and
Montague
building
College
the
MARY
AND
Ewell -
S,
been
walked
I
burned
to
up
the
on
William
and
of the ---
night
Mary
College.
of this
The
month;
but
general thing, were standing very well.
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Folder
17,
Ms.
no date nor name of paper given.]
clipping;
LOCAL MATTERS.
Burning
of the William and Mary College.
We were informed
of some particulars
until
half
past
two
o'
event last evening
by
a
discovered
of this disastrous
the morning
boat, at which time nothing
ruins.
but its smoking
The fire was not
gentleman who left Williamsburg
remained of the venerable Alma Mater
by
clock
A.
M. . . .
060
The
College
the
town,
the
President'
fire,
the
The
from
no
a
s
three
House
residence
of
and
the
sitnnted
edifices
the
Rev.
Indian
Dr.
-
in an
enclosure
at the
extreme
end
of
the College proper fronting 150 feet;
House,
the
latter
up to
the
time
of the
TOTTEN. . .
building, with its two wings, is said to have been constructed
But its architectural merits were by
by Sir CHRIPTOPHER WREN. . .
and had
It was of no style,
worthy of this great master mechanic.
large
design
means
buildin•Ls were
comprising
�517.
no redeeming quality but its natural durability.
The
with
chapel,
Blue
The
Room
of
one
the
wax very curiously studded inside
wings,
from
called
so
associated
apartment
an
forming
tablets. ..
with
its
being
walls
of
that
hue,
etheral
interest. . . [
Boyle'
of much
mutters
s]
was
portrait
graced the chamber and with the rest of all the contents of the building,
fell
of
prey
to
very
a
the
Rev.
There
flames.
the
Dr. James
also
were
with
The
too,
its twenty thousand
Library,
MORRISON had charge of this department. . .
The
Library
to
Trustees
the
extensive
folio,
Bible,
Naturelle,
large
2
from Louis
selection
A
a
condition,
poor
soon
as
with
collection
catalogue
from
had
possible
new
the
true
effigies"
Governor
George
the
also
old
and
volumes,
contents
to
of the
increase
consisted
writings
of rare
of New
Among them were
a set of Buffon' s Histoire
III;
entire
Prof
gone. . .
yet it was the design
Its
matter.
from
vols.,
XVI;
but
the
"
is
volumes,
early editions of the
patriotic theology,
were donations.
volumes
divines.. . Many of these
England
fine
but
as
room,
of
collections
a
in
was
restore
this
in
Blair. . .
of
Library
Dr.
and
BLAIR,
a
SPOTTSWOOD.
recently
been
published,
by
Prof.
MORRISON. ..
which
is at present the only accurate history of the College extant.
IBID.,
Folder
Newspaper
17,
Ms.
headed "
clipping
date nor name of paper
DESTRUCTION
OF WILLIAM
AND
MARY
COLLEGE."
No
given.]
building was 156 feet front, four stories high, and insured for
22, 000.
The Library contained about 20, 000 volumes.
There are about 50
students
the present session,
only nine of whom slept in the College buildSome of them lost all their
ing.
They barely escaped with their lives.
clothing,
books and everything else.
The
IBID.,
Folder
Newspaper
nor name
We
College
Ms.
17,
clipping
of paper
regret
to
of William
to
pertaining
fire
of
1859;
York
New
no
paper,
date
given]
announce
the
total
destruction,
fire,
by
and Mary,
at Williamsburg,
at 3 o'
correspondent of the New York Times,
of
the
venerable
clock Monday morning,
writing from Petersburg,
A
February 7th.
the day after, gives the following interesting particulars: -
on
The
fire
was
discovered
about
3
o'
clock
in
the
morning,
at
which
time
�518.
the burning had progressed to such an alarming extent that all efforts to
the
subdue
flames
smoking
nothwithstanding
accidental,
probably
of
work
malicious
In a few hours
unavailing.
The
of the ancient edifice.
were
remained
ruins
This
incendiary.
an
nothing but a mass of
origin
of
the
fire
was
the rumor that it might have been the
and no one seems
is hardly probable,
to entertain the belief that any person capable of such an atrocious act
could
found.
be
It
in,
was
or
the library that the fire
by,
close
originated.
This library was considered of great value from the extent and variety of its
was lost.
every volume of which
together with
of their books,
collection,
to
most
save
The Philomathean Society managed
of
some
furniture.
their
The
Phoenix Society lost their entire library and all the furniture of the room.
The extensive and valuable laboratory of the College was wholly destroyed.
all
Of
the
students
caped
with
their
books
and all
nine
only
only:
of value.
had
they
and
the
town,
Williamsburg,
was
about
160
Sir
Christopher
Wren...
it,
was
remarkable,
nothing
fancy of the man
durability than
and
who
for
besides
library
of
and
Bibles,
the
and they es-
Institution,
buildings
of
were
three
stories
however,
and reflected
located
at
one
end
The main
structures.
of
edifice
height.
in
It was designed by
as observed by all who have seen
no great credit upon the taste or
It was more worthy of note for its apparent
it.
else. . .
In the library were many volumes
of rare
Works by the New England divines upon theology and
which
literature,
religious
four
designed
anything
interest.
pious
The
The
style,
the
in
clothes were left behind them with their
consisted
and
front,
feet
slept
ten
or
Their
lives
rare
Dr.
Rev.
mostly donated long ago, and
and England,
from France
were
highly valued,
collections
President
Blair,
of the College
with
the
from 1692 until
1743,
were totally and irretrievably lost.
Folder
IBID.,
Newspaper
Mary
and
William
College
insured
was
for
over $
something
20, 000.
17.
Account
clipping.
of
of Fire
No
1859.
name
or
date.]
OGO
The
of
loss
College
the
College library contains
is
library
arms
Libertas,
the
affixed,
In others
ibi patria.'
Alexander
repaired. . ." The
somewhat less than four thousand volumes of which
Some of the books
many are theological.
and have his coat of
be
cannot
which
one
was
were presented
crest,
an
inscribed
by Robert
the
and
Eagle,
thenname
Dinwiddie,
motto,
of Major
'
Ubi
General
Spotswood.
and
others
Florida,
first
of the
and
page,
should
with
Some were the gift of former Presidents of the College,
Catesby' s Natural History of Carolina,
Assembly of Virginia.
never
colored
the
in
go
Bahama
the
hand
out
plates,
of
in
Islands,
was
of
writing
College.
the
two
volumes,
given, (
Thomas
as
appears
Jefferson,)
from
on
a note
condition
on
that
the
it
This work was printed in Londonli 1754,
folio,
in
English
and
French."
�519.
BOOK
RECORD
March
1st
OF
letter
A
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Not paged.
Regular Meeting of the Faculty. . .
1859]
[
MARY
AND
WILLIAM
received
been
having
chief
referee
selected
other
members
of
the
the
him,
by
had
same)
of
from
the
Mr Grigsby
Rector
expressed
strength
of
that
stating
the
of
Board
a decided
Ridley ( the
Mr
and
Visitors,
opinion
in
favor
and
dispatch,
two
of the
further
that
old
walls,
he,
as the Representative of the Board of Visitors gave his decision in favor
of
on
and
decision,
his
economy
&
the question having been raised whether the Faculty should
them,
retaining
adopt
ground
the
ayes &
noes
demanded
the
vote
stood
as
follows
No
Ayes
Ewell
Messrs
Morrison
Taliaferro
Joynes
Snead
Dr Totten protested against the vote using taken without further deliberation
Protest:
I respectfully and earnestly protest against any present action on this
for
Mary,
the
Because
1.
the
before
now
resolution
following
Masters &
Professors
of the
College
of William &
reasons
I do not think
that we have
sufficient
information
on the
subject
to enable us to act advisedly for the ihterests of the College
Because we have but one plan of a College building before us and no exact
2.
and reliable
Because
3.
of
New
a
estimates
and
building
of the cost of that plan
employed
have
we
the
Architect
an
other
of both and until we receive
of
one
furnish
to
adapted
his report
to
us
the
with
old
two
we are not prepared
one
plans
with
walls,
to decide
estimates
which
is preferable
As at present
informed
I am opposed to the erection
of the college
edifice
upon the old walls for the following reasons1.
Because
and
warped
appearance
2.
Because
in my judgement no building
abraded as they are in some
can
be
places,
erected
of
upon
those
respectable
walls,
cracked
architectural
or sufficient
the
durability for a public building
arrangement
and which the ground
proposed for the interior,
plan renders in some degree nOcessary will be in my opihion ill ventilated
and
uncomfortable.
3.
Because
more
rooms
to
the
believe
I
elegant
purposes
the cost
of
in
a
of building
that
a
form,
college
better &
larger
building on a new plan containing
better ventilated and in every way better adapted
erected for a sum not exceeding
can be
by $ 3000.
upon the old walls,
Because I conceive it to be the duty of those entrusted with the rebuilding
4.
of the College to build for posterity as well as for the Present emergency
and' Ahat the additional expense ought to be incurred for the sake of having
an
edifice
5.
than
Because,
combining
elegance
convenience and durability,
In my opinion the advantages of having such a building would its
more
in
compensate
for
the
loss
of time
as
well
as
the
increased
expense
�520.
the disadvantages
erection,
for
Students
a
single
being the probable diminution of the Number of
and the advantages a greatly increased number
year,
afterwards,
Because I believe that the public generally and the subscribers to the
6.
building fund in particular desire to see a new and handsome building erected,
and
that
old
the
upon
erection
any
walls &
which
plan,
have
been
always
re-
garded as uncouth and ill proportioned will disappoint their reasonable expectations and diminish their interest in the success of the College.
These reasons I respectfully
request may be entered on the College records
in order that I may be relieved from the responsibility of an act which I
cannot but believe will be generally regarded with disapprobation
Silas
Totten
Professor
Moral
1,
March
The
Regular
1859.
reasons
protest
momentary
in
given
against
the
of
Meeting
the
above
proceedings
of them,
of
the
letters &
Faculty. . .
cont'
d.]
as those which induced
paper,
the Faculty are so plausible,
its author
and
that those members
conclusive,
so
consideration
of Belles
Philosophy
upon
to
a
of the Faculty
whose convictions of duty constrained them to the course which they adopted
deem it due to themselves to hage recorded also the reasons for their action
The Board of Visitors at the late convocation appointed Mr Hugh Blair Grigsby
of Norfolk
to
act
in
the
with
conjunction
as a building
Faculty,
committee
and
in order to guard against ill- advised measures adopted d further resolution
requiring the plan selected by the committee and the contracts necessary to
its
execution
members
other
of
21st
to be referred
of
the
the
Feby:
same
Rector
to the Rector
body
named
be
to
appointed
Wm
B.
of the Board of Visitors and to two
On the
by him, for their approval
Harrison Esq and Dr Nathaniel Osborne
to decide with him all questions proper to be referred to them under the resolution of the Visitors and do the same day at Mr Grigsby' s instance the Faculty
of
to
summoned
were
President
the
meet
of
the
him,
Rector,
Mr
Dr Osborne at the house
Harrison &
A joint Meeting was accordingly then held,
College.
the
and it was urged by Mr Grigsby and others than an opinion should be expressed
as
to
was
whether
finally
layer,
not
the
old
that
walls
Mr
After much discussion
should be used.
Ridley
of Norfolk,
a most
respectable
it
brick-
and a man of forty five years experience as a builder of walls and
Mr Bowman
good
or
determined
of
sense,
and a man of good character
Williamsburg, a brick- layer also,
and much experience as a builder of walls should inspect the walls
of the College and that in case their decision should be in favor of rebuilding
them,
upon
steps should be immediately taken to begin the work of reconstruction,
provided a suitable and economical building could be made upon the old ground
These referees examined the walls together and concurred in the opinion
plan -
that
they
million
were
two
strong
hundred &
for
enough
fifty
a
warehouse
thousand
bricks
even,
in
there being more than one
them,
that
such
walls
could
not be built for less than ten thousand dollars and that the present walls
cannot
be
pulled
down
without
a
very
great
destruction
of
bricks.
They further
more gave it as their opinion that if an attempt were made to erect a new
College
use.
edifice,
that more than a year would elapse before it could be ready for
�521.
When the decision
the
Grigsby
of
question
did
not
above,
of these gentlemen was officially communicated by Mr
nearly a month having elapsed since the fire and the
Faculty,
having
rebuilding
their
in
baron deliberately
judgment ,
considered,
that they were acting hastily in taking the steps recorded
more especially as they believed that the proposed arrangement for the
think,
interior of the old walls would be convenient
comfortable
that their exterior would present an appearance
and well- ventilated
of sufficient
architectural
pretension
The
deemed
Faculty
it
a
of
matter
be taken to guard against any interruption
and therefore
thought
it expedient
that proper
importance,
steps
should
of the regular Collegiate
to spare no exertions
exercises,
to have the College
edifice for use by the opening of the next Session
The Majority
of
opinion
the
of the Faculty are unable to state positively
what is the
but they believe that as many of the friends of the
public,
College who are familiar with the facts are in favor of building upon the
old walls,
as are in favor of erecting a new edifice-
The- Majotity of the Faculty also believe that they have paid a due regard
to the interests
the
suited
of the College
of
requirements
as well as to posterity in thus having conas well as those of good taste and proper
economy,
dispatch
Robt
J Morrison
Edwin
Taliaferro
Thos T L Snead
Benj S Ewell
Edward
S Joynes
Every bricklayer who has seen the old walls has expressed the opinion
Note.
it would
that
be
wasteful
extravagance
to
them
pull
down,
and
build
new
ones
Whereas it has been mentioned to the Faculty that Governor Wise has expressed
his
to
readiness
aid
us
in
rubbish,
the
removing
and
in
other
departments
of
labor by assigning a number of convicts of the Penitentiary for that purpose
and the Faculty after a full consideration
of all the circumstances
in the case
agreed to the followingResolved-
That
the
Faculty
in
recognize
of
the
the
offer
College
of
Gov:
Wise
an
ardent
of Wm &
the interests
Mary and that he be
promote
requested to accept their cordial thanks for the tender of the services of
the convicts,
though it seemed inexpedient at this time to employ them
desire
to
Whereas Mr Grigsby has further
Committee to supply all necessary
Resolved that
the
Faculty
decided that it is expedient
building material-
concur
with
him
in
this
decision
for the Building
also,
and
that
immediate steps be taken to present contracts for the same
Benj,
The
a
minutes
new
plan
mislaid
of
for
a
meeting
the
requesting
College, &
Mr
S,
Exall
Ewellof
Pres-
Richmond-
ardhitect-
to
furnish
a 2nd plan retaining the old walls have been
�522:
THE WEEKLY
GAZETTE
At
at
large
a
Court
the
the
and
VIRGINIA
ADVERTISER
1859
MARY
AND
the
8th
Chair,
and
John
on
the
PUBLIC
COLLEGE--
meeting of
of February,
enthusiastic
House
took
city,
2,
OF WILLIAM
BURNING
THE
AND EASTERN
March
Williamsburg:
the
MEETING
IN
WILLIAMSBURG.
held
of Williamsburg,
Mayor of
Robert Saunders,
citizens
1859,
Munford was appointed Secretary.
of a brief but elequent and impressive address,
The Mayor at the conclusion
D.
stated that the object of the meeting was to take prompt and efficint measures
to rebuild the college edifice this day destroyed by fire and that he was
ready to entertain any proposition that might be offered to the consideration
the
meeting;
whereupon
1.
of
RESOLVED-
That we feel the deepest grief at the calamity which has just
it
was
befallen our community and the State at large in the burning of the venerable
College of William and Mary,
and we hereby pledge ourselves to use every effort
to rebuild it in the shortest possible time. . .
That we forthwith proceed to evince our earnest desire to carry out the
2.
object of the above resolution by now subscribing for that purpose.
That
3d.
a
five
of
committee
appointed
be
the
by
Chair,
to apply to the
citizens of Williamsburg and its vicinity for subscriptions to be applied to
the erection of a new College building on the site of the one just destroyed,
and further that the same committee prepare an address to the Alumni and friends
of
the
IBID.,
E.
H.
Lively,
ed.
burg,
a
of
meeting
10th
Tuesday
on
the
State,
urging
the
Students
Walter
ult.,
1859.
2,
of William &
of
Weir,
Mary College
College,
and Mary
of William
students
on them to co- operate. . .
March
Williamsburg,
of
Meeting
At
the
throughout
College
Prince
William,
held
was
in Williams-
called
to
the
Chair. . .
the
the
Page,
N.
Peyton
of
object
students
which,
Frank
the
effects
the
late
then
to
submitted
obtain an
a few remarks explanatory
expression
of the sense of
of the
destruction
College
buildings.
After
H.
of Richmond
Alfriend
institution
whence have issued so many of the good and great of
sons. . .
That
Secondly,
of
viz:
offered the following preamble and
city,
adopted.
were called upon to
of William &
we the
students
Mary College,
destruction
by fire, on the night of the 7th of February, of the
time- honored
s
Gloucester,
meeting,
which were unanimously
Whereas,
Virginia'
of
the
concerning
resolutions,
witness
of
or
by
we
the
hold
any
temporary
individual
loss
interruption
of
we
may
our
have
studies,
sustained,
as
far
whether
subordinate
to the loss to our country of such a valuable historic monument; . . .
Thirdly, that we cordially tender the Faculty our sympathy in their temporary
dilemna,
and
we
commend
the
noble
spirit
which
has
induced
them
to
take
immediate
�523.
steps towards preparation for re- constructing the College; . . .
Fifthly, That we tender the citizens
of Williamsburg
our heartfelt
gratitude,
in view of the noble generosity which dictated the throwing open their doors to
tYnse of our companions who might need shelter;
1859.
2,
March
IBID.,
2,
p•
2.
c•
MARY
WILLIAM &
. . .
COLLEGE.
Though we are somewhat behind the times in chronicling the sad and exceedinly sorrowful event, the burning of this time honored Institution of learning
8th.
Feb.
trust
3
A.
clock,
o'
will
it
in
M.,]
of
consequence
late
our
to her only temporary decease.now
left
the
American
In
Revolution.
mathean
Society
opposite
new
lost
lost
all
valuable
very
The
wing.
of Wm. &
conflagration
and
of
as
nothing,
however,
gentlemen,
cost
learned
worth
furniture
which
books,
comparatively
young
we have
Mary,
of its
upwards
s
The
the
lodging
and
Board,
be
shall
College
re-
erected
on
the
same
entire
The
College,
Philo-
or
they have
a. new
and
well suited for the young
and for lecturing purposes.
quarters,
have
agreed without a solitary dissenting
eating
Visitorial
the
the
in the South
despaired,
not
to
contiguous
purchased immediately,
brick
building, of S. T. Bowman, esq.,
Faculty
commodious
men'
walls
the
and
of $ 500.
its hall was
have
that
S150,
been holding their Associations regularly as heretofore.
The
the
55 years before the commencement of
1722,
in
and
conflagrations,
. . .
Society,
Literary
Library
from
1859.
2,
recent
the
Phoenix
suffered
before
erected
were
standing
March
IBID.,
had
building
The
yet we
appearance,
to pay a slight token or tribute of respect
inopportune,
be
not
spot,
and
operations
to
voice,
forthwith.
BOOK
RECORD
March
Mr.
comply
MARY
COLLEGE, [
Professors
1846- 1879],
Ewell
Totten
Not paged.
Motrison
Ta.liaferro
Snead
Resolvedinform
AND
Present
7th [ 1859]
Joynes &
to
OF WILLIAM
That
a
Exall
with
messenger
that
his
we
be
dispatched
decline
agreement
to
to
to
receive
furnish
them
to[
his
on
sic]
Richmond
that
commence
to- morrow
to
plans & c, he having failed
Monday the 7th of March
�524.
The
ayes
noes having been called on this resolution
&
Mr Morrison,
Eyes
COLLEGE
AND MARY
WILLIAM
from
Letter
John
2nd
QUARTERLY.. .
Tyler,
of
rector
the
Series,
Vol.
Joynes
VIII,
8,
March
Forest,
A.
Snead
&
274 - 5.
pp.
H.
1959
Gov.
to
College,
Sherwood
they were as follows
Taliaferro
Totten
Ewell
Messrs
Noes
Wise.]
My dear Sir:
of the
gentlemen
to
is to make
and
builder,
you in
are
them
firm,
for
old
to
walls
the
and
them Mr.
and
one
and
that
a
at
I
of
the
chemical
large
so
is
think
the
in
a
after
saving
room
apparatus
of $ 8, 000
separate
9th [ 1859]
AND
the
the
main
was
assur' d
using
the
and looking
erection
of
building,
be
funds,
Doctor
AND
He
MARY
COLLEGE, [
Called Meeting
1846- 1879],
of the Faculty
may,
however,
be
de-
Not paged.
...
apparatus
MARY
COLLEGE
dis-
Totten,
confidence,
has written me a long letter upon
that the cost of a new house would not exceed that
S,
Benj,
WILLIAM
a
I
ResolvedThat the Bursar be requested to prepare to pay to Mr Ewell on
his order the three thousand five hundred dollars directed by the Board
of Visitors to be appropriated for the purpose of purchasing Philosophical
Chemical
to
much
building on the old walls much more than $ 1500.
I therefore wait for the estimates.
ceived.
WILLIAM
viz:
in the state of our
saving could not,
extent of my committal upon the subject.
of
OF
10, 000,
a
judgement I have
and estimates
subject,
BOOK
or $
from
concur' d
consent
th;.t the old walls
you left, I
Grigsby, that the
suggestion,
your
only
After
and Mr.
as too large,
I entirely
. . .
conviction
outlay.
Ewell
Mr.
with
plan
the
also the
be regarded
Ewell' s and would
Mr.
a perfect
viz:
saving
whose
ivlarch
the
unreliable
the estimate
estimate
limit.
certain
d
attended
be
This
within
condition,
and
who furnishes
express'
you
decided
a
would
regarded.
RECORD
against
Grigsby,
Or if the
contract.
proposals
extension
concluded
the
and I have lost no time in guarding
Friday,
through
the architect
by
views
upon
laboratory
in
the
Morrison,
Mr.
by
him
bind
advertize
alter
last
me
Faculty
My opinion is that the only way to restrain the expenditure within
estimates.
the estimate
with
reached
letter
Your
PAPERS,
Ewell-
Folder 215.
SHERWOOD
FOREST,
March
1859.
9.
Pres-
�525.
411
Sir,
I
have,
You
and
William
to
occurred
of
furnishing
copies
of
for
literary
as might
a
be
works
to
privation
their
to
attention
your
at
visitors
nucleus
recent
a
of
their
in
themselves.
an
as
the
application
for
mode
be made
such
to
duplicate
and with which they could
possession,
As their
solicit
readiest
should
States,
United
the
to
and
wishes,
that
session,
Library,
new
institutions
without
part,
the
a
different
the
College,
Mary
It
learned of the destruction of the building of
by fire, attended by the total loss of its Library.
not,
doubt
organ,
I beg leave to invite
therewith,
compliance
a
as
far as you may be able.
Very Resplx Yrs
John
The
of Brown
WEEKLY
University
AND
GAZETTE
citizens
9,
ADVERTISER,
VIRGINIA
EASTERN
March
Williamsburg,
the
Tyler
Rector & c & c
President
1859
1.,
p.
held
have
of Williamsburg
H.
E.
Lively,
ed.
2.
c.
a
meeting,
public
and
enthusiastically
resolved that steps shall immediately be taken to place the College on its old
foundation.
developed
largely
more
old
The
. . .
was
edifice
in
,
of
requisitions
some
the
particulars,
of
system
modern
unsuited
to
education,
the
and
a
restoration of the building on a new plan may enable the faculty to accomplish
more than they were able to do in its former condition.
We
deprecate
doubt
greatly
would prove
to
the
of
idea
the
if
advantage
of
requisitions
not
when
students,
of
a
it. . .
to
"
engaged
we
Williamsburg-
in
the town of Williamsburg is eminently adapted
of
resort
their
It
learning."
Academic
society of some of the most
about the old metropolis,
addition,
improving
in
from
institution
the
removing
the new locality suggested by many of its friends,
Richmond,
pursuits,
refined
people
an atmosphere
the
quiet and orderly;
may indulge in the
is
of Virginia.
There
of philosophy
and history,
is,
which is, largely favorable to the pursuits of the student and the thinker.
RECORD
Mar
In
BOOK
llth
[
1859]
compliance
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
Called
with
a
COLLEGE, [
All the Professors
Meeting.
request
1846- 1879],
from
Mr Tyler-
Res:
Not paged.
present.
That
Mr
Eben
Faxon,
Architect,
be written to by Dr Totten to come on to Williamsburg for the purpose of preparing a. new plan for the College building and that a fair compensation be
allowed for his services and that he be considered the Architect
be
adopted.
Benj,
S,
Ewell-
Pres-
if his plan
�526.
Note[
the
in
Pres.
Brafferton
agreed
to
as
T,
the
with
College
a
Hotel
for
the
College
the
Bowman -
A
short
consent
the
to
subscribe
Sherod,
Mr
handwriting]
Ewellts
Faculty purchased,
of
time
the
after
of $ 4600 -
sum
the
College
was
burned
the
Visitors,
S250
house
opposite
of
which
Mr
the
Bowman
owner-
Building
Fund-
The
purchase
was made
from
IBID.
March
12th [ 1859]
Called Meeting of the Faculty-
.. .
Resolved:
Tht Mr Snead be requested to go to
with imperative instructions from the Faculty to Mr
plan which he submitted on Thursday last by leaving
request him to send the plan as modified by all the
been authorized
by the Faculty, to the President of
Resolvedelevation
for
An
the
of
the College by Friday next
That Mr Exall be further instructed not to increase the present
the
wall
more
6 ft.
than
an elevation
deemed
by the Faculty
sufficient
Cornice
account
of
Borum &
dollars & ninety
WEEKLY
Richmond on Tuesday next
Exall to alter further the
out the 3d Story and to
alterations which have
GAZETTE
AND EASTERN
16,
March
Williamsburg,
McLean of Norfolk for wheel- Barrows amounting to fifteen
having been presented, was allowed & ordered to be paid
cents,
WILLIAM
AND MARY
spirit,
than
VIRGINIA
1859.
COLLEGE.-
that
p•
Never
ADVERTISER,
2.,
c.
have
we
E.
H.
Lively,
ed.,
2.
seen
misfortune
met
with
a
better
demonstrated
by the Faculty & students of William and Mary,
as well
as
of Williamsburg.
by the citizens
The quaint old massive pile which
has hitherto furnished a connecting link between colonial and contemporaneous
history, has been reduced to ashes- the curious old library almost entirely
destroyed;
at the very moment of recuperation.. .
Not a man has deserted
his post.
The Faculty have taken measures to continue
and
lectures
recitations
unanimously
resolved
RECORD
OF WILLIAM
March
BOOK
21,
1859 -
List
Vol.
1859,
follows.
VIII,
p.
MARY
AND
Printed
Names of Contributors
In
list
May
intermission.
also
COLLEGE, [
pasted
1846- 1879],
above
min.
to Rebuild the College
From New York
276.]
without
The
students
have
to remain.-
be
p.
for Mar.
251.
21.]
of William and Mary
City.
found
in
William
and
Mary Quarterly,
2
nd
series,
�527.
WEEKLY GAZETTE
H.
E.
AND EASTERN
ed.,
Lively,
Proposals
The
FAXON,
Esq.,
OF WILLIAM
Va.,
Pian
will be received
and Specifications
Architect,
have
has
been
but
the
the
had
old.
of
The
Italian
greater
College,
the
for
of
There
will
be
for
be
a
Chapel
of the
or
by the Faculty
22nd
1859
be
furnished
till the 8th of April
on application
to EBEN
Va.
COLLEGE.
new structure
the
renewed
will
differ
from
those
of
Edifice,
will present a front
which will be relieved by two Towers of the
rather
used
Feet,
One
as
Hundred
of these Towers
will
contain
the
College
be
six
The
large
and a Laboratory
spacious
be
those
room
but
Observatory.
an
Feet.-
Students.
will
within
did not
March
The two side- views will present
The altitude of the new Building will be
than that of the old building.
There will be no dormitories
in
the Faculty having recently purchased a house which affords ample
of One
will be no necessity
repose
1.
c.
examining the plan of the College
building, which
Committee.The old walls will be retained,
Architecture.
There will
old
The
2.,
p.
Building
Thirty- six
will
Professor,
a
the
Edifice
and
accommodations
venient.
of
and interior
other
front
AND MARY
pleasure
by
new
style
the
a
much
selected
Hundred
bell,
each
the
exterior
One
1859
AND MARY.. .
will
Williamsburg,
WILLIAM
We
6,
for rebuilding the edifice of the College of William and Mary,
Williamsburg,
next.
COLLEGE
ADVERTISER
April
Williamsburg:
THE
in
VIRGINIA
for
little
interior
Lecture
each
edifice
opening
will
into
an
be conOffice
altered.
walls-
Fortunate
the remains
and
indeed
is
it,
of the illustrious
fortunate
indeed
is
it,
that
there
dead that
that the flames
strength of any of the out- side walls as to render
the identity of the old building will be preserved,
and thus not a single hallowed association of the past lost to old William and
Mary.
The effect of the fire will be only to make the appliances of the College
them
so far impair
College
which will present all the modern improvements.
the Library,
and two splendid Society Halls.
for disturbing
venerated
of the
Rooms,
unfit
for
use,
the
hence,
adequate to the demands of the day.
It is with no little
of this
readiness
p.
3.,
c.
1.
Particular
attention
to
edifice,
till
March
110
that we contemplate the speedy erection
It will undoubtedly be in
Building in this ancient
city.
for the fall session of the College.
Faculty,
RECORD
satisfaction
beautiful
BOOK
wit:
the
"
Proposals
8th
OF WILLIAM
23d [ 1859]
is
called
will
to
the
Announcement
be received
of Wm. &
Mary, by the
for the rebuilding of the College
instant."
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Called Meeting of the Faculty. . .
Not paged.
�528.
Whereas
of
the estimates
at
Visitors
the
late
their
of the Architects for the plan proposed by the Board
session,
are beyond the limits of the sum fixed by
Board
that the Faculty recommend for the adoption of the
the Original plan presented by Mr Faxon to be modified
by lowering the windows & enlarging the towers and that the details of external
ornaments be left to the judgment of the Architect subject to the approval of
the building Committee.
Resolved
unanimously,
of
Committee
Reference
That
Resolvedto
proceed
for
the
whole
Prof:
of
plan
which
a
with
new
be
is
Authority
Faculty request from the Committee of Reference,
building by partial contracts, provided no reasonable bid
the
the
obtained
Totten Votes in the affirmative on this resolution believing that the
building proposed is the best both in regard to convenience & Economy
can
be
erected
of
building
erected
at
an
upon
equal
equal
the
old
but
walls,
accommodations &
still
greater
his
retaining
convenience
&
opinion,
durability
that
can
cost
ResolvedThat the plan of Mr Faxon with the windows modified as directed
by the Board of Visitors be adopted provided the specifications can be made
satisfactory
That
Resolved-
be
permission
to Mr
given
Ewell
to
finish
begin &
Laboratory according to the approved plan and specifications
provided there is no interference with the general contract
Nays
Yeas
Ewell,
Morrison &
That
Resolvedand
such
on
Mr
Taliaferro
Faxon
remuneration,
be
Messrs
employed
as
the
as may hereafter
This
plan
present
is
based
on
retaining
Totten &
Architect
be determined
S,
Benj,
Note-
as soon as possible,
That Mr Exall be paid two hundred dollars for his services
Resolved-
Messrs
the
the
Ewell-
old
under
upon
Snead
such
regulations,
by the Faculty
Pres-
walls- &
is the plan of the
Building Oct 12th 1859
IBID.
March
30th [ 1859]
Called Meeting
of the Faculty- . . .
An account of Lewis Salisbury for furniture amounting to fifty nine dollars
sixty
cents,
having
been
presented,
was
allowed &
ordered
to
be
paid.
�529.
Mardh,
MESSENGER,
LITERARY
SOUTHERN
28,
Vol.
1859,
3,
No.
173.
p.
The journals of the day have spoken of the time- hallowed objects which
swept
were
the
by
away
flame.
devouring
There
1859]
of
Fire
[
old,
were
heavily
bound volumes bearing the autographs and coats of arms of celebrated men...
George
III.
a
gave
Louis
Bible--
XVI.
fine
a
of Buffon'
copy
s
Histoire
"
Naturelle:"
distinguished Virginians here deposited numerous volumes of rare and curious
interest-- heirlooms,
living
were,
All
preserved.
of
race
most
many
is
of
yesterday,
days.
ether
our
In
MSS. -
but
series,
Vol.
valuable
soil
and
its
some
of
occupants-there
these,
to
addition
these
have
been
ashes.
GUARTERLY. . .
COLLEGE
William
of
Visit
else
but
were,
great
MARY
Barton
AND
WILLIAM
said,
have
we
as
it
as
of the
memorials
1st
formerly
Rogers,
XII,
at
professor
259- 262.
pp.
Mary College
William &
and at the time of his visit President of the Massachusetts Institute of
to Williamsburg.]
Technology,
Boston,
April
1859.
4,
Now let me tell you something of my visit to Virginia.. .
in
lectured
I
Richmond,
and
Lynchburg
Petersburg,
and
Norfolk, . . .
had
the
opportunity of seeing the kindness with which I am remembered in Virginia by
old friends and pupils.. .
But sad was the sight when about sundown I came in view of the college,
Many of the
I approached
as
by the road leading past the president' s house.
but I missed the
old trees on the roadside
greeted me as familiar friends,
roof of
sharp, many windowed
although the solid walls had
the
to
interior of the
whole
drove
I
the
at
oaks
The
for
most
the
well
as
wings,
the
This
The
more
has
better
one
was
old
has
found,
part,
as
drew
I
as
defied
the
had
structure,
main
near,
assault
that
of
been
the
fire,
turned
and
will
condition
as
I
at William &
and that
s house
one of those
noble
been
be
and
front
the
on,
wall
planned.
been
has
and will
will
The
be
be commenced
retained,
insurance
but,
money,
the
on forth-
of
with
course,
what
believe,
put the college in
I obtained in Williamsburg some lithograph
and surroundings taken by Millington' s son some years ago,
from
collected
reserve
for
us
Patrick
friends,
will,
I
before.
than
Mary
resolved
definitely
interior
and out
live-
I drove slowly down the quiet level street, . . .
dead.
reminding
father,
that the president'
place,
injured,
been
you.
of the
we first caught the inspiration
His
its
asked me to confer with them in regard to rebuilding
of the college
of which
precious
hh,d not
noting that the mossy coat of old Botetourt
eye,
kept
dial
foundations
convenient
been
views
gate
Visitors. . .
tearful
a
the
that
Brafferton,
college.
with.
with
past,
unscathed,
home,
a
and
college,
ashes.
was
a
the
Kerr
Though
home
of
of science.
aoger4,
College,
it will be
of art,
poor specimen
and the spot where
father,
our dear
a
was
Professor
1819- 1828.
Natural
Philosophy &
Chemistry
�530.
OF WILLIAM
RECORD
BOOK
Called
Meeting
of
the
The
Faculty
of
the
from
John
Tyler,
MARY
AND
Apr
Faculty
College
Esq
of
6th 1859
William &
the
of
President
late
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Not paged.
• ••
having received
Mary in Virginia,
United States, the following Apparatus
presented " under the hope that they may serve in some small degree to replace its
great loss in the destruction by fire of its philosophical and chemical apparatus"one
Heliacal Ring
one
Viz-
Sulp: =
Copper
Revolving
Revolving
one
a
of
gift
That
Resolved-
powerful)
Double Helex for Shocks
Electro- Magnet with Electrotome[?]
Armature Engine
Electro= Magnet-
one
being
large &
Battery ( very
one
one
great
Faculty
and
value,
under
the
circumstances
peculiarly
appropriate-
and do accept with profound gratitude the
received,
have
the
donation of philosophical apparatus lately bestowed upon the College of William.
Mary by John Tyler Esq late president of the United States and now Rector of
the
College
2ondly That we recognize in this gift an act alike worthy of the distinguished
of Mr
character
guished
to the
of which
is
pride &
peculiar
be forwarded
he
so
dintin-
gratitude
to Mr Tyler.
That the Bursar be directed to pay to John H Barlow thirty dollars
Bowmanof the house purchased from Mr S, T,
Resolvedfor
College
with
it
regard
we
That a copy of these resolutions
3d
An
honorable
that
and
alumnus;
an
and
Tyler,
insurance
of
Account
two
a
bell)
to
amounting
three
hundred &
thirty
seventy five cents was allowed and ordered to be paid out of the
dollars &
building
Co ( for
Fairbanks &
fund
Resolved That Mr Wm S Peachy be requested to take measures to secure by bond
the subscriptions for rebuilding the College as soon as the contract shall be closed
A request having been made by some of the bidders for the rebuilding of the College
that
the
Faculty
would
postpone
the
Contract-
of the
letting
Resolved-
That
the
letting of the Contract for the rebuilding of the College be postponed till
Tuesday the 12th inst.
that
Resolved
Mr
appointed
be
Joynes
to
write
to
Hugh,
Grigsby
Blair,
of Norfolk
in acknowledgement of his donation of City of Norfolk scrip to the amount of
one
to
dividend
discretion
Notethe
Dollars -
thousand
The
be
retained
the
to
of the
Faculty
applied
of
purchase
vested
a
as
works
Library
of
art,
Fund-
and
of
The
books,
annual
at
the
Faculty-
Dividends-
provide
applied
be
to
the
on
the
College
to
scrip
with
his
Grigsby
by
portrait
given
him.
at
for
his
. . .
some
portraitThis
future
he
to be paid for by
He promised
declined. . .
time-
to
�531.
IBID.
12th [ 1859]
Apr
That
Resolved -
and that the
Regular Meeting
of the Facultyawarded
be
contract
the
specifications
.. .
to Messrs
of the Architect
Allen
Green &
be altered
of
Richmond,
so as to reduce
the
cost
of the College building to the sum of seventeen thousand five hundred dollars
Dr Totten
voted against
this
resolution
Resolved-
That in case the specifications
cannot be judiciously
reduced
as
proposed in the foregoing resolution, that the cohtract be awarded to Messrs
Allen
Green &
Dr Totten
voted against
this
resolution.
S,
Benj,
Pres-
Ewell-
IBID.
Apr
26th [ 1859]
That the front
Resolved:
College
Regular Meeting
edifice
of United
States
of the Faculty-
and flank
of William
and
of the adopted
to
referred
with
Academy,
Military
elevations
be
Mary
the
. ..
Prof:
request
that
D.
plan
H.
of the
Mahan
he will
give
L. L. D.
us his
opinion as to their style and make any suggestions which he may deem appropriate
as to change
of style.
That
Resolved-
the
Bursar
be
directed
to
to
pay
Sherrod
T.
Bowman
four
hundred dollars of the purchase Money for the building lately bought of him
by the College.
Benj,
WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE
Building
1859
March
25]
May 6]
To
To
cash
deposited
of
To
13
this
18
To
cash
depos.
sum
order
June]
April
for
paid
College
as
Pres-
1850- 1875,
p.
110.
Fund
to
6
Architect
Exall
of
credit
for
to
Green &
of
credit
Allen
order
S.
B.
contingent
for
plans_ _ _ _
Ewell
B.
S.
on
June
a/
14,
Ewell
contract
1859
200.
under
building
expenses
300.
on
2000. 00
Apparatus
Philosophical
per
Ewell-
Book
s
pd Henry
do [ cash]
order
n
Bursar'
S,
rebuilding
2000.
00
�532.
WILLIAM
AND MARY
from
Letter
S.
COLLEGE
S.
PAPERS
to
Griffin
Uncataloged.
his
James
son,
L.
Griffin.]
C.
Va.
Williamsburg,
1859
3,
May
My dear Son,
Workmen
to
I
glad
am
required,
WEEKLY
on
you know suggdsted
When
effect.
into
carried
the
ed.,
The contract
and
let,
my
Belfry, the other
add
pamphlet,
stretched on the bed
for
the
obnoxious
I was
wished me to send a toast to be read at the dinner
166th
the
I complied orally by giving him
anniversary.
that
hope
VIRGINIA
our
College,
when
re-
edified,
would
AND
MARY
for the reerection
secured
1859
p.
2.,
c.
1.
COLLEGE.
of the edifice
Allen,
W.
Charles
by
ADVERTISER
May 4,
Williamsburg,
WILLIAM
been
will present a. very
one
a University. . .
GAZETTE AND EASTERN
Lively,
in
turrets
Ewell,
front,
idea,
embracing
into
President
by
in
Armistead. . .
the Apollo
converted
H.
an
see
in
two
having
to
Colo.
illness,
given
what he
E.
me
appearance,
in
be
to
Observatory,
an
which
of
to
exhibited
draught
the
improved
for
according
completed,
be
from
It is
College.
rebuilding our venerable
next,
and,
the middle of October
contract,
by
employed
now
are
of William and Mary, having
Richmond,
of
Esci.,
Va.,
the
work
for the entire reconstruction of the aforesaid Alma Mater is now going on in
a manner
WILLIAM
Letter
of
that
shadows
COLLEGE
MARY
AND
a doubt
QUARTERLY. . .
Barton
of William
Technology,
beyond
its
early
1st
series,
President
Rogers,
and once professor
completion.-
Vol.
XII,
...
p.
262.
of the Massachusetts
May
Boston,
12,
1859.
I am making up for the old college quite a handsome collection
of
Ritchie'
machine
and
s
manufacture;
Ruhmnkorff.
those
among
Tell
Prof.
Institute
at William and Mary.]
in
the
first
class
are
air
of apparatus
pump,
Thomson that I like his apparatus
electrical
for atmo-
spheric electricity so much that I shall try to fit one up this summer for
observation
RECORD
May
BOOK
in the
OF WILLIAM
17th [ 1859]
An
order
country.
for
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
Regular Meeting of the Faculty- . . .
two
thousand
five
hundred
dollars
having
been
presented
to
the
�533.
of Vest & Hansford
money of the College
That
Resolved-
the
order
This completes
Note.
of
favor
in
Faculty
purchase
hundred
twelve
the
T
Bowman,
in part for the
Hotel
accepted,
the payment for the said building with the exception
from
interest,
dollars &
dollars,
fifty
be
Sherrod
by
of
Subscription
S.
T.
this
is
to
be
deducted
Bowman to the building
two
hundred
fund of the
College
GAZETTE
WEEKLY
AND
May
Williamsburg:
VIRGINIA
EASTERN
18,
1859
ADVERTISER,
2.,
P•
E.
H.
ed.,
Lively,
2.
c.
COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY
We are pleased to observe that the reconstruction of the College edifice
is
well
Allen
The loss sustained recently by the contractors
of
progressing
Green &
not
and
rapidly.
will
Richmond,)
the
retard
completion
of
the work,
as
those gentlemen with well known energy have already rented another establishment
of their
employment
for the
at which they are now briskly engaged.
hands,
One wing of the building to be devoted to the laboratory and chemical and
lecture
philosophical
do
to
the
up
for
building-
circulation
is
It
and
carpenters
bricklayers
cutting down and modernizing
walls,
have
will in the course of a couple
rooms,
of weeks be ready
Nor is the work going on less steadily in other portions of
service.
of
that
busy fitting
the old windows
timbers,
running
so as to admit a freer
air.
hoped
are
always
been
the
Chapel,"
Fold
will
held,
be
in
where
the
public
for
readiness
the
exercises
next
annual
or
commencement
celebration
on
July, and an arrangement has been made by means of large folding
by which the library and chapel c ;.n be thrown together so as to seat
comfortably a much larger audience than could heretofore be accommodated.
the
of
4th
doors,
building
The
and
former,
arranged
as
will
in
the
and
opinion
modernized,
presents many advantages over the
good judges, be one of the most commodious
of
college buildings in the country.
A
all
new
the
and
complete
advantages
is
to
be
regretted
improvements,
have
that
philosophical apparatus, which will combine
has just been ordered by the College.
and
chemical
modern
donations
Considerable
it
of
the
also
been
rare
treasures
made
to
the Library,
and however much
of antiquarian
lore which the old
there is little doubt
library contained should have been destroyed by the flames,
that the new collection will to the mass of students be of far greater practical
value,
as each department will be provided with all necessary treatises and
books of reference
RECORD + IOK
June
OF
WILLIAM
14th [ 1859]
Resolved-
of the best and latest editions. . .
That
AND
MARY
COLLEGE, [
Regular Meeting
the
Bursar
be
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
of the Faculty. . .
directed
to
pay
Green &
Allen
the
sum
of
two
�534.
thousand
110
in
dollars
part payment
for
the
rebuilding
out of the build-
College,
ing fund
Resolvedexpend
That
two
bach
the
Professors
of
the
several
departments
be
authorized
to
hundred &
fifty dollars in the purchase of books illustrative
of their departments &
that they be requested to have them delivered at the
College in time to be ready for use by the commencement of the next session
A letter having been received
from Colonel
George Wythe Munford
Secty of
the Commonwealth tendering to the College Library a number of valuable booksResolved
Unanimously-
that the thanks
the
That
of the Faculty
of
letter
Col Munford
be presented
be
him for his
placed on file, and
generous donation-
IBID.
June
15th [
Resolvedon
That
their
38
the
Bursar
...
directed
be
to pay
directed
be
That
the
Bursar
of
the
Building
out
Resolvedhundred
Meeting of the Faculty-
to
Green &
Allen the
sum of 32500
contract.
Resolved-
433
1859]
the
That
Bursar
for
Dolls
Fund
directed
be
timber, &
pay
account
on
to
Sherrod,
of
bricks
T,
Bowman
furnished
the
sum
Green &
pay A
Lytel &
Co
of which
wharfage-
sum 683
is to be charged
the
sum
of
of
Allen-
one
to
the Building FundResolvedof the
That
the
Bursar
be
directed
to
pay E,
N,
thirty Dolls for the rent
rented after the fire as fit to hold recitations
house
late
from
Mrs
Mason-
Lively-
of
a
as
house -
the
this
administrater
house
in before the purchase
was
of the
Bowman-
IBID.
June
21st [ 1859]
Regular
Meeting
of the Faculty: . . .
Mr James W Custis having inspected a portion of the timber furnished by
Allen & rejected a part of that inspected,-
Green &
Resolved-
That the contractors
about the College building.
Resolved-
That
the
Baptist
be prohibited
Church
from using the timber
of
so rejected
Rev
Wmsburg Through their PastorYoung be requested to grant the Faculty the use of their house for the
Commencement
pleted
to
Exercises,
allow
the
Wm
provided the College Chapel be not sufficiently com-
commencement
to
be
held
in
it
�535.
ResolvedBowman &
That
Mr
Samuel
Ewell
Bowman
authorized
be
for
to
of
accounts
brickwork
bricks &
timber,
the
pay
Sherrod
Lytle
furnished
for the
College building
S,
Benj,
Ms.
AND
Visitors
COLLEGE
Pres-
FROM
4th July
Meeting
Minutes.
RECORD
held
in
Account
WILLIAM
MARY
Ewell-
to -
AI
1860
College
26,
June
1902
4 July 1860,
Library
Norfolk
3,
July
pp.
5- 14]
1860]
William and Mary College
1
No:
In
Tazewell
account
with
Allen
Bursar
Taylor,
1359
To
cash
paid
Green &
To
Cash
paid
Ditto
Cash
12]
July
paid
E.
Faxon
J.
Morrison
account
an
of
2500: 00
Building
00
12
July
20
Cash
29
paid
R.
S.
per
to]
Cash
6
Cash
17
paid
paid
Cash
18
19
25
Sept]
19
To
paid
Cash paid
Cash paid
Cash paid
cash
paid E.
Cash paid B.
433. 58
acct:
on
for purchase
200: 00
of books
for
250: 00
of history
Green &
Ditto
bricks
for
Bowman
architect
department
Aug] 4
T.
Allen
S.
per
Green & Allen
for
Bowman
on
for
West
E.
per
T.
of
account
Building
Bricks
2000: 00
Building
West
Ditto
for
Do
per
Ditto
for
Do
Ditto
per Ditto
Bowman
T.
per S.
architect
Faxon
E.
on
400: 00
350: 00
150: 00
100: 00
100: 00
250: 00
acct:
S.
Ewell to purchase
S.
Ewell to purchase Mathematical
philosophical
1500: 00
apparatus
Cash
paid
B.
Cash
paid
Green &
500: 00
apparatus
Allen
account
on
of
2500: 00
Building
010
S.
7]
for
To
Cash
paid
E.
31]
To
cash
paid
paid
Balls &
Constable
Santos,
Walke &
Cash
paid
E.
Faxon
Cash
paid
B.
S.
Cash
Oct
24
Cash
Oct]
paid
Ditto
Cash
paid Hardy &
31
Octo:
To
Parr
[
furniture
for
Co
for
132: 00
lumber
glass
paints
architect
5
To
oil
145: 31
125: 00
300: 00
Ewell to pay for repairs to old
telescope
Nov]
and
Books
Bros:
for
his
for
department
lumber
170: 00
350: 00
79:
00
�536.
To
To
23
Nov]
Cash
Cash
paid
S.
T.
Allen
of
hire
Blow
paid
Green &
N.
Bowman
under
for
their
70: 00
carpenter
bricks
contract
and
and
sand
for
furnished
ditto
Decr
Cash
2
AND MARY
WILLIAM
P.
paid
for
Beveriage
N.
COLLEGE
Bursar'
77: 39
work
carpenter
Book
s
furnished
College
the
15: 00
1850- 1875.
107]
Cash
1859
21
May]
By Cash deptd
Account
to credit
of Philosophical
WEEKLY
GAZEITE
AND
COLLEGE
recent
a
re- erection
made
to
of
July
4th
of
wishes
for purchase
2000. 00
ADVERTISER
E.
H.
Lively,
ed.,
1859.
CHAPEL.
In
be
22,
June
Williamsburg,
of B S Ewell
Apparatus
VIRGINIA
EASTERN
Cr]
of
the
College
have
been
always
friends
of
Mr.
buildings,
Old
the
complete
the
with
conversation
the
one
Allen,
of
the
we were informed
Chapel ( in
which,
the
contractors
for
the
that every exertion
College
exercises
of
will
the
held. . .)
for the purposes of accommodating the
College,
that
it
would
be
in
readiness
for
the
celebration of that day.
behalf
In
he
is
that
the
now
if
of Mr.
striving,
will
Sup'
t
us. . .
of the
re- erection,
exigencies
RECORD
OF WILLIAM
28th [ 1859]
AND MARY
the
would
say,
that,
We have good reason to believe
on the
part of Mr. West, surely
the
of
we
and. . .
energy be necessary
if not in perfect condition,
all
June
West,
informed
and
accommodate
BOOK
he
be,
application
Chapel
Essee
as
at least
in readiness
to
occasion.
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
Regular Meeting of the Faculty. . .
A donation of fifty dollars from Mr E E Smith of Missouri by Mrs Cynthia
B.
T.
Washington
Resolved-
That the same be appropriated for the purchase of books for the Library
The Trustees of the Baptist Church having allowed the Faculty the use of their
building for the commencement Exercises on the morning of the fourth of July
the celebration of the literary Societies on the evening of the same day
Resolved-
That
the
thanks
of
the
Faculty
be
tendered
to
the
Trustees
of
the
�537.
Church . . .
Resolved-
Pastor
Young,
the
That
of the
church
tender
Faculty
for his
the
to
Rev.
Wm
in behalf of their request.
S,
Benj,
thanks
their
interest
Ewell-
Pres-
IBID.
6 July
Faculty Meeting.
Present-
1859.
all.
A report having been made by Dr Totten of the books obtained by him for the
and
of
Library,
ing that
Fund,
it
was
books
for
That
of
Resolved.
in
full
That
of
the
acct.
on
Resolvedroom,
of
cost
a
Resolved.
That
books;
and
it
appear-
be
S250.
be
That
one
hundred
to pay Professors Morrison,
Ewell $ 350--to Professor
directed
00
dollars
Joynes &
and
each,
for the
reference,
Bursar
Resolved.
of books in the Schools of Modern Languages.
directed
illustration
to
Prof.
pay
of their
Morrison
for
several
the
departments.
thirty three dollars,
of his expenses in travelling for the College during the session.
That each Professor be authorised
at
of
purchase
of $
173 00 belonging to the Library
That Dr Totten retain this sum for the purchase of
Bursar
sum
the
balance
a
furthermore
the
books
for
collected
hands
for the purchase
the
purchase
his
Resolved.
be appropriated
Resolved
in
was
department;
his
Taliaferro
amount
the
there
not
the
for
575-
exceeding
be directed
to
Bursar
for contingent
expenses
Resolved.
That
Mr
Faxon,
That
in
the
to provide furniture
each
for his lecture-
room.
to
pay
the
during the vacation.
the architect
be paid $
200-
President
on
Ewell] $ 200-
[
acct/
of professional
services.
Resolved.
opinion
of
the
Faculty,
it is expedient
to apply to the
Exterior walls of the College Building a suitable paint or wash of a stone
if possible,
Color,
before
the
of October
10th
next,
or as soon thereafter as
the walls may be ready to receive it
Resolved.
in
the
That
in
President
to their
the
to
of
absence
draw
the
on
a
quorum
Bursar
of
the
for money
to
pay
Green &
Allen,
according
contract
Provided.
That
the
of
value
for rebuilding the College.
the amount paid at any time
shall
Faculty, the power be vested
the
work
not
exceed
pay
to
75
per
cent.
of
done.
IBID.
of
Meeting
It
Faculty,
Resolved
was
Agent
the
to
That
collect
in
full
of
balance
for
settlement
money
travelling
due
in
of Mr
July
the
for
12- [
Bursar
the
Douglas'
be
requested
College,
expenses,
commissions
1859]
on
acct/ (
and
the
as
to
W.
R.
C.
Douglas,
Esq.
the sum of six dolls and ten cents,
ninety
amount
Agent)
nine
with
and
dolls.
collected
the
by
50/
him,
College.
cents
in
full
being the final
�538.
An
Presented,
for
96/
S270.
Resolved,
was
applied
Morrison
the
That
be
to
same
accepted,
the
rent
and ordered
to
be
occupied
by
the
formerly
house
T.
Sherard
Bowman,
whereupon
Allen;-
Green &
furnished
bricks
by
drawn
Hansford,
Vest &
of
account
on
of
favor
in
order
100
it
Prof.
Note.
paid.
and the
Steward,
proposal was acceded to by the Faculty.
IBID.
The
the
Faculty
Out
Orders
the
are
following
the
upon
given
since
Bursar,
the
adjournment
of
and during the absence of a quorum.
1859],
14,
of the
July
on
to
Fund -
Income
35---
Steward. - - - - - $
College
Harold.
Mr
150.
ditto
Out
of the
Green &
Allen.
Sherard
T.
Green &
Fund.
Building
Allen,
per
per
T
Sherard
20.
August
S250
West-
250
250.
100
brick-
for
1859-
Bursar
The
Bowman
2000 --
West-
per Mr
Allen - per Mr
Architect Faxon-
Green &
Mr
brick-
Mr West-
Allen,
Green &
400 -350 --
West
Mr
for
Bowman-
was
to
directed
hundred
five
Ewell
to Professor
pay
dollars, ($
500)
for the purchase of mathematical instruments for the College
COLLEGE
MARY
AND
WILLIAM
Hugh Blair
Grigsby
By the way,
ago
weeks
seen
and
the
side
resting
213
p.
1859.]
July 25,
Randall,
S.
Henry
XVIII,
vol.
series,
the floor of the Chapel of William and Mary was taken up some
examined.
vaults
Three attorney generals of Virginia were
by
Randolph,
his
eldest
John,
who
went
Sir
and
John
his
side-
Congress,
First
of the
to
1st
QUARTERLY. . .
brother,
son
over
the president
Peyton,
with
Dunmore.
I
gave the article to my young friend William Lamb of the Argus William & publish t.
who will
it
in
WILLIAM
The
two.
day
or
AND
a
MARY
piece
the Wren
with
See
of
PAPERS-
COLLEGE
the
cast
until
Dead
Folder
the
old
fire
of
Chapel
the
Mary."
from
pages
the
ivtAd
is
bell
filed
in
Folder
243:
article
of
newspaper
rir% .-
of
is
1859-
in vault
in drawerfr
fir, A#E,
504- 507
Argus.
appeared
as
.
which hung in the cupola of
1717,
in
of
243
the
concerning
bell,
Building
called " The
medals."]
preceding
Mary"
is
statement
following
A
It
in
article-
for
Date
the
article
of
Mr.
Southern
Research
Dept.,
"
The
Grigsby'
Argus,
CW I
Dead
s
Norfolk,
mg).
of
the
letter
Chapel
must
be
July 31,
of
William66
July 25,
1858 (
1858,
see photostat
�539.
IBID.,
An
Folder
144.
of
for
the
living
in
attendance
in
living
years
and in
1852-
at home,
Students
abstract
students
town,
Year
Scurce
1860.
not
Lists
given.
College.]
Total
College
no.
of
1853
30
80
1853- 1854
31
23
13
students
82
1852-
1854- 1855
1855- 1856
1856- 1857
80
65
20
58
1857- 1858
16
60
1858- 1859
7
1859- 1860
13
47
45
WILLIAM
MARY
AND
COLLEGE,
Bursar'
p.
113.
Building Fund
1859
July]
1850- 1875
Book
s
To
9
check
Green &
sent
Allen
12
To
do.
S.
sent
T.
on
Bowman
a/
16]
To
cash
do
"
paid
paid
A.
Esse
West
brick
2500. 00
to
433. 58
of
part
architect
Faxon
of
1859 - - - -- - -[$]
Allen
Co.
Lytel &
Eben
7,
July
Green &
21
in payment
of
order
order. . .
on
- - - -
91. 00
200.
a/
000
Aug.
4
6
Cash
To
do
13
To
do
18
To
do
19
To
do
25
Sept.
To
To
do
paid
paid
paid
paid
paid
paid
S.
T.
Green &
West
for
E.
West
T.
B.
S.
Ewell-
Green &
150.
Allen
for
00
100. 00
do.
Bowman
deposit
Green &
To
E.
GAZETTE
Lively,
Faxon
AND
ed.,
Allen
do
on
do.
100.
UNIVERSITY
credit. . .
balance
in
on
VIRGINIA
Williamsburg,
his
of
00
1500. 00
viz.
appr
Visitors
500. 00
full
2500. 00
account
Architect
EASTERN
to
Apparatus,
Mathematical
To
H.
400. 00
350. 00
Allen
2000. 00
for
S.
Allen
Green &
Green &
Allen
E.
Philosophical
E.
for
13. . .
To
WEEKLY
of
Agent
Bowman
250. 00
a/
ADVERTISER
Sept.
7,
OF WILLIAM
1859.
AND
p.
MARY.
2.,
c.
1.
�540.
Twice has she risen phoenix- like from her smouldering ashes to beauty and
her second resurrection,
In this,
she has risen quickly and vigorously
attraction.
the
by
and
facilities
and
imposing
IBID.,
H.
E.
in the mechanic art,
to a position that is
A few more weeks and the edifice will have been completed.
improvements
magnificent.
ed.,
Lively
WILLIAM
on
Sept.
Williamsburg,
The Masonic Fraternity
Tuesday, the llth day
AND
MARY
of Virginia
of
COLLEGE
are summoned
at
next,
October
1859.
14,
10
o'
hereby
to meet in Williamsburg,
M.,
for the purpose
A.
clock,
of forming an Occasional Grand Lodge to celebrate the placing of the cap stone
on the newly erected edifice of William and Mary College.
account
For
IBID.,
Sept.
of
21,
1859
p.
WILLIAM
The 167th
see
celebration,
session
1.,
c.
AND
for
paper
October
12,
1859]
4- 5.
MARY
COLLEGE.
of the College
will commence
on the 2d Wednesday
when the newly erected edifice now undergoing
of October,
of the
reception
will
students,
be
completed
thoroughly
preparation
for the
equipped.
and
The
past associations and historic connections of the old building have been preserved
old
the
which probably equal in
The greater portion of the
durability
any
with special care, by
and chemical
apparatus,
selected
splendid
philosophical
and Mary,
and afterat one time of William
Professor
Rogers,
the distinguished
of the University, as well as a large number of the books belonging to
wards
have been received,
the Library,
and will be ready for the use of the students
at the opening of the session
by
the
erection
IBID.,
Oct.
Letter
Dear
for
view
from
Sirthe
the
of
the
new
building
of
and
strength
12,
1859
William
p.
Barton
upon
in
2.,
the
c.
walls,
3.
Rogers
country.
.. .
to President
Ewell]
In complying with your request to aid in the selection of apparatus
department
spirit
of
of
Natural
solid
Philosophy
instruction
in
in
William
sciences
for
and
Mary,
which
the
I
have
kept
College
has,
in
�00., -
510 ....
v
cal
.
-,
CIA.•
U
i
1-
1al. .'`
AD
Vw
wA
r
i
1
r ',
j ' '
!
al,
J
N
N
rnw
i
N...
c,
#
to‘.•
8
t. 4 el
4--
opirri.
t
!,
Alle
tO
w
ry
Wit.
t
4
41
z• _
fr . .- '
W
Gzl
r .
,
w4
ig
t
r
i,
z
iL
H
g
I
lIIR.
Y.. .
1
�Opposite
page
541.
4gt
J Z
aC7c]
c OO
H L
W
1-
1
M
H
xa
Un
tzi
tzi
0
coon
rnx
H
Hz
G-7
r
0- 3
Crj
Pi
H
TJ
b7
0- 4
DQ
o
r
�541,
been
heretofore,
so
It
distinguished.
honorably
been my aim
therefore,
has,
to provide instruments of the first class in each division of the subject,
as
and
physics,
the excellence
Of
from
far
as
embracing,
mental
Mr.
in experi-
including the leading modern discoveries and improvements.
of
of
Ritchie
the
With
course of demonstration
the
several
of
pieces
I have assurance partly
and ability of their
apparatus,
but most of all from the known faithfulness
trial,
maker,
a complete
practicable,
Boston. . .
of
collection
instruments
at
now
command,
your
the
College
is
in
such a condition as to offer its students an ample course of experimental
illustrations,
the
all
covering
of
laws
great
and embracing the most
physics,
striking and splendid phenomena which modern researches have brought to view.
RICHMOND
THE
no
WILLIAM B.
1859
22,
Sept.
ENQUIRER.
doubt
any
of the
beginning
that
the
session,
already nearly
shall be substantially
The
ready
the
for
and the
finished
by
Norfolk "
and
of William
College
completed,
is
1859.
AND MARY. --
OF WILLIAM
COLLEGE
longer
Sept.
23
ROGERS.
specified
the
of
recpption
contractors
Argus"
Mary
be,
students.
are
determined
time --
There
says:
will
the
is
before
now
the
The building
that the whole
first
of
October.
The
towers (
one of the most striking architectural features of the new edifice)
are
already
rising
effect.
The
que
and tasteful.
of
above
roof,
the
so as to produce
arrangement
interior
is
admirable,
a marked
and truly pictures-
convenient,
comfortable
The lecture rooms and publick halls are ample for all the wants
flourishing College, and not surpassed by any in the State.
a
James
COLLEGE
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Jarvis
to
John
W.
1st
QUARTERLY. . .
U.
Griffith,
Ocean
House,
S.
Series,
Naval
Portsmouth,
Vol.
XV,
p.
56.
architect]
Va.,
October
4th,
1859.
My dear Sir:
I was in company with the Ex- President last Tuesday night and was
and
Mary
of
the
a
new
tell
of
other
days, .. .
of by gone days of old William
I was in Williamsburg to assist in putting on the gape
College.
In
Stone
him
to hear
delighted
The Ex- President
College.
private
letter
to
his
son,
Mr.
presided
Tyler
wrote
at the dinner table; . . .
October
19,
1859:
" I
have just returned from Williamsburg to the Masonic consecration of the College
and
presided
at
their
dinner.. ."
�542.
GAZETTE
WEEKLY
AND
October
Williamsburg,
VIRGINIA
EASTERN
5,
ADVERTISER,
H.
E.
1859.
WILLIAM AND MARY COMPLETED AND NOW READY FOR THE CELEBRATION
OF THE 11TH INST.
We announce with peculiar pleasure that this Institution
dust by the ravaging
fire on the 8th of February last,
to
which was leveled
the
clad in the unique
and
completed,
The
cohtractors
of
tenor
October
West,
Essee
This
to
the
fail
t and
Sup'
gentleman
rude material
in
of
the
noticing
of Messrs
the
his labors
old,
constructed
the
laying
erect
CAP- STONE,
on
the
of
completion
Green &
the
Allen,
College,
a
tribute
on the new building
and he now witnesses
in less
to pay Mr.
of
two months
than
respect.
subsequent
five months
the
by his skill and ability into a new and beautiful
and experiences
edifiee,
reflected
of
stands
of Architecture.. .
have pursued the even
the last finishing
making
write,
now
style
Va.,
Richmond,
we
celebration
employee
commenced
burning
of
as
Italian
of Work on College.
not
the
now,
of the
1859.
Supt.
would
We
West,
5,
beauties
Allen,
a.nd
are
..
to the grand
wa.y,".
preparatory
inst
IBID.,
Green &
Messrs.
their
strokes
llth
a
ed.,
Lively,
no doubt a happy felicity in beholding his ingenuity
in that massive
structure
which
does
credit
to him as a man and
mechanic.
The aggregate
in
rearing
number of mechanics
College
the
is
edifice
and laborers
eighty-
As
six.
that have been
the
house
employed
approached
com-
pletion the number diminished to the following who will remain to witness
the
finale:
Brickmaker,
Bew,
Wm.
H.
penters,
Joseph
Va.,
Nicholas
and
Brooks,
master,
Wm.
Bowman,
Capps,
Kelley,
Bevell,
C.
Burrage,
and
master,
Maule &
T.
F.
S.
Thomas,
Crampton,
John
Holt,
John
Murphy,
and
masters,
W.
of
Potts
of
Federick[
Federick[
Bricklayers,
Va.:
Williamsburg,
of Norfolk,
and
Taylor,
Wm.
Richmond,
Wm.
F.
Schacht,
sic]
Snyder,
of
and
of
George
Car-
Hartwood,
Plasterers,
William
Richmond,
John
Messrs.
Richmond;
Graves,
of
Williamsburg, Va.;
Slater,
Williamsburg;
sic]
of
Grep,
Va.;
of
Archie
Elliot,
Painters,
Richmond,
Va.;
all of whom have applied themselves and worked industriously in order that
the
Sollege
might
be
in
for
readiness
the
forthcoming
session,
and
to
whom
is
ascribed greet praise by every one.
Proceedings
of
the
State
Convened -
of
an
of
at
Occasional
Grand
Lodge
of
Ancient,
Free and Accepted Masons
Virginia.
Williamsburg.
[
On
Tuesday,
Oct.
11,
A. L.
5859,
A. D.
1859.]
�543.
Richmond,
1860)
Pamphlet,
Folders
236- 255,
uncataloged,
Not
arranged,
Library of College of
William and Mary.)
4- 6
pp.
[
The
Grand
Wor.
m.
they had been assembled
of William &
Master
for
the
A
5.
p.
the
to
Procession
College
have
We
the
stone
assembled
the
on
from
Grand
due
Dove,
and
Grand
Master
of
that
Lodge)
of the Faculty
Capestone [
on
sic]
acting Grand Master read
was
sick.]
form,
ancient
Room
according
Lodge,
Williamsburg
to
6,
No.
Mary.
Grand Master' s Addrdss.
and
Free
as
Accepted
of William &
of
erectedralls
newly-
Wor.
Lodge
Worshipful
today,
Faculty
the
John
in
the
here
of
request
the
Craft (
placing " the
Dr.]
of William &
Building
Most
with
formed
then
was
and marched
usage,
of
purpose
the newly- erected
Edifice"R.
Wor- [
letters from several officers The M.
Masonic
the
by order of Grand Master at the request
College,
Mary
informed
that
Masons,
College,
Mary
which,
edifica
in
compliance
to place
the
Phoenix- like,
Cape-
having
sprung from its smouldering ruins in the unprecedented short period of eight
months. . .
Reposing upon a corner stone laid with Masonic faith in the far- off past of
Colonial history,
their venerable front this day receives appropriately from
hands
Masonic
the
Cape- Stone,
gracefully
and securely
supporting
with
their.
ancient Strength the Beauty with which modern Wisdom adorns them.
7.
LAYING OF THE CAPE- STONE.
The
p.
Ceremonies
Chaplain
in
a
was
by
the
sung
then
were
fervent
and
Craft,
commenced
by
impressive
Rev.
Cyrus
Bro.
Prayer.
After
Doggett,
L.
which,
as
Grand
the following
Ode
and the Dedication announced by the Acting Grand Master:
ODE follows]
Ceremonies]
of
Address
Capitol
p.
Lodge,
21.
The
introduced
of
history
Wren,
in
the
of
the
1692.
B.
Orator,
M.
Grand
W.
Institution
our
that
with
chronologically
originally chartered
Christopher
by
Grand
the
is,
College
R.
Wellford,
in
some
respects,
of William
and
architect
of
St.
closely
The
Mary.
The building was designed
immortal
of
Jr.,
Master.]
associated
College
and planned
was
by Sir
Paul' s and the last Grand
Master of Operative Masonry.
p.
24.
[
Grand
The
pp.
But
the
Orator,
ground -
and
memories
which
cluster
25.
The
again,
upon
and
a
half
has
suggestion
classic
p.
Wor.
B.
R.
Wellford,
Jr.,
of
Capitol
Lodge.
Address,
8- 26.]
profane
her
have
by
around
idea
natal
been
removal
has
spot,
sheltered
ma.
de.. .
hence,
to
to
sever
impair,
her
in
associations
a
measure,
with
the
this
sacred
her.. .
been
her
their
abandoned,
hoary
and old William and Mary rears
same walls,
which for a century
head. . . The
fathers,
successfully
defying
corroding
time
�544.
and
35.
p.
8
At
and
prepared
and
new
host,
of
J.
Mr.
Hon.
H.
John
beautiful
from
which,
storms
the Masonic Fraternity and the Rector and Faculty of
attended a sumptuous banquet at the City Hotel,
College,
of
more
walls,
Hope.]
Tyler.]
again.
Hergenius,
so lately expelled
has returned to take up its abode in
erected in the greater part upon her old
structure,
their
and
extensive
beautiful
WM.
ascend
RECORD
Oct
15th [
bid
defiance
to
the
electric
spark
For
laboratory.
the
of
instruments,
as
thanks,
my
the
the
Rector
once
more
selection
I
take
of the
of
this
College,
son of her own parental nursing and tutelage,
The morning prayer will from this day henceforward
from its
B.
old
OF WILLIAM
1859]
and
chapel;
new
under
volumes,
better
arrange-
are rapidly filling up the numerous shelves of its Library. ..
formerly,
BOOK
to
ROGER:.
Heaven
to
than
ments
and
collection
opportunity of returning publicly
her
distinguished Alumnus,
and
to
Professor
seem
Philosophy and Science have again taken up their abode
centuries. ..
rooms,
lecture
admirably arranged
illumines her new and admirably selected
most
would
thickness,
massive
her
that
for the
and Mary College is herself
from its old temple,
flames
by uevouring
in
M.
the
by
William
a
P.
Mary
[ Speech
37.
p.
retreat
of literature and science.
[
William
proffer now a secure and hospitable
elements,
raging
votaries
AND MARY
Meeting
of
the
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Faculty.
Present
Not paged.
Professors
Ewell,
Morrison,
Taliaferro & Joynes.
An
acct
of
of
Tarr
Balto
amounting
to
was ordered
to be paid out of
the Building Fund.
The following
then
received
report
and
from the Architect
and Builders
Williamsburg
College
of Wm &
To
To
Cost
Value
Va.
Allen
of
price for rebuilding
beyond contract.
benches &
Platforms
old
14th
1859.
Dr.
College
18200. 00
work
of
Oct.
Mary in Virginia
Green &
contract
extra-
of the College was
accepted.
in
bricks
desk
for
Society
not
Prof
334. 28
Halls
41. 00.
used.
Morrisons
10. 00.
Lecture
Room
75. 00.
18, 660. 28
�545.
Credits
350 bushels
By
By
330758
done
Work
Dif.
by
of
Value
as
old
brick
a
Bowman
kiln
L.
on
7
$
1/ 2
M.
per
2480, 68
160. 00
W.
furnished
12 &
of
North
G&
14 inch
receipts
per
22, 75
31: . 00
brick
brick
timber
between
6 1/ 2
a
Cornice
of
run
of
Value
Cash
sand
moulded
2300
wing
for
A.
15. 00
do.
do.
232. 91.
35. 00.
joists
Green &
Allen
8th
July
281. 00
Paymts to order of Mr West the amt to be corrected )
on
final
a
Paymts
if wrong
S250.
settlement
to
order
G&
on
by
final
By accepted order on
By order of this date
A. the
S400.
$
amt
to
settlemt
the
S250.
300.
be
corrected
if wrong.
in favor of
Faculty
on the Bursar
1600. 00
$ 400
9000.
Brooks
Archer
in facor of Green
00
13, 857. 34.
1600. 00
and
2000. 00
Allen
17457. 34
Balance
due
Green &
Allen
We propose
the above
settlement
for material
date
this
1202. 94
to the Faculty
of the College
and labor in rebuilding
signed)
This
acct
has
and
Mr
the
Building
West,
account.
been
and
made
after
out by
hearing
of the
Committee
in
me
the
Green &
the
College
that
of
of Prest
all
Ewell -
parties,
it to be
believe
I
of a final
according
to contract.
Allen.
presence
statements
as the basis
the College
Mr Allen
I hereby
a
fair &
certify
I would also recommend in consequence of the impossibility of obtaining
bricks in time that the forfeiture called for in the Contract after the 1st
Oct ( 1859) be remittedEben
Faxon
Architects
Williamsburg
College
of Wm &
Commissions
5
per
July
1st
July
Sep.
20th
Oct 14th 1859.
Mary in Virg
To
To
as
ct
for
Architect
on $
Eben
Faxon
Dr.
College
rebuilding
026. 71
18534 28/ 100
Credit.
2d
By Cash
on
acct
Cash
on
a/
By
"
"
"
50. 00200. 00
c
"
250. 00.
500. 00.
Balance
due
Whereas,
426. 71
a communication
in contracting
has
with the Building
been
received
Committee
and
praying
the
Faculty
to
grant
from
Mr Faxon
for his services
had omitted to mention the item of travelling
Architects
whole
to
the
effect
as Architect
that
he
expenses usually allowed to
the
same
(
amounting
to $168)
in
or in part-
Resolved.
expenses
to
equitable
That
as
one
hundred
Architect
dollars ($ 100)
be allowed to Mr Faxon for travelling
�546.
Resolved.
Allen
That
hundred
one
Resolved.
seventy
College.
directed
be
Bursar
to
pay
Supt
West
Esse
for
Green &
dollars ( U00.) .
That the Bursar be dkrected to pay to Prest Ewell one hundred &
dollars ($ 170.)
for the repairs of two telescopes belonging to the
Resolved.
contract
the
That the Bursar be requested
for
the
rebuilding
two
College
to pay to Green and Allen on their
thousand
dollars -
eight
days
after
sight.
IBID.
Regular
of the
Meeting
Oct.
Faculty.
17th
1859.
The following order given on the 14th was ordered to be recorded as part
of the
to
please pay
a/ c of Green &
On
of
proceedings
Archer
Faculty
on
order
of
sixteen
hundred ($ 1600)
ordered
meeting.
to
College
of
Wm &
Mary in Va.
and
charge
to
Allen---
the
motion
this
Brooks
above
allowed &
was
be
paid,
on
25th
Inst.
IBID.
Regular
Meeting
Resolved.
the
College)
of the
That
the
25th
Faculty.
October
Bursar
requested
be
to
1859.
to
pay
Faxon ( Architect
Eben
of
on order the sum of three hundred dollars to be paid out of the
Building Fund.
Resolved.
the
of
sum
nished
That
the
nine
seventy
Resolved.
Santor
of
glass,
The
be
be
requested
five
forty
dols &
to
pay
Thirty
to
Balls &
one
cents
Constable
-
on
order
for Lumber fur-
College.
Resolved.
L
the Bursar
hundred &
one
That
the
dollars -
for
be
requested
furnished
lumber
to
pay to Hardy & Bros on order
the College & for freight.
That the Bursar be requested to pay out of the Building Fund
J[?]Walke &
paints
folg
Bursar
and
letter
Co
hundred
one
and
twenty
five
dols.
($ 125-)
on
a/ c
c furnished the College.
oils &
from
Mr
A.
T.
Stewart
to
Mr
W.
W.
Vest -
was
ordered
to
recorded.
New York
Sep.
28th
1859
My dear Mr Vest.
Wm &
I have great pleasure to contribute to the restoration
Mary- the inclosed check for five hundred dollars.
of the College of
My desire is that this shd be applied to the purchase of books in the
ancient languages to fill one of the alcoves in the Library.
410.
�547.
May I hope that the new Institution will arise from its ashes Phoenix- like
still more splendid and that it will never omit the opgrtfunity to instil ihto
the
mind
youthful
of
that
Students,
its
the
Union
of these United
States must
be preserved in all time to come.
Sincerely Yr friend.
T.
Alexr
Stewart.
IBID.
of
Meeting
Regular
An
up
acct
of
to
date
amounting
Mr
for
Lamb
to
advertising &
to
subscription
dols &
two
thirty
8th 1859.
Nov:
Faculty.
the
fifty
cents
Paper (
Southern
allowed &
was
Argus)
ordered
to
be paid.
Called
Meeting
of
the
llth
Nov.
Faculty.
1859.
The Bursar
hire
was requested to pay to Norborne Blow Esqr seventy dols on a/ c of
The Bursar was requested to pay to Sherod T Bowman one
fifty dols on a/ c of bricks.
of
Carpenters.
hundred &
Resolved upon the deliiaery of the proper deed that the Bursar be requested
Bowman
pay to Sherod T.
from the fifteenth
interest
to
for
the
of
purchase
order
on
day
of
Sept.
in the opinion of the Bursar there
account
of
defective
that
Resolved
College
The
twenty
the
be
Bursar
of
exclusive
whole
hundred &
ten
accepting
an
dols &
order
in
dols ($
fifty
full
the
as
be no reasonable
of
the
College
950.)
Balance
Hotel-
with
due
him
provided
risk to the College
on
requested
to
to
pay
Sherod
order
T.
Bowman
on
nine cents in full of balance due him for bricks
Green &
contract
the
a/ c of Mr Bowman
hundred &
six
1859-
and
title.
seventy seven dollars & thirty
the
Contractors
sand furnished
the
hundred
designated
lot
house &
a
nine
of
for bricks
and
Allen,
Green &
for
bricks
and
sand
furnished
Allen.
and sand thus
delivered
amounts
to
ninety three cents of which twenty five
sixty eight cents have been paid of this S270 96 by
forty
in
six
favor
dols &
of Vest &
Hansford
on
a/ c
of
Green &
Allen.)
IBID.
Regular
Meeting
of
the
Faculty
Nov.
15th
1859.
Whereas in the early part of last Summer the Faculty acceded to a proposal
of Prof Morrison to occupy the house formerly occupied by the Steward and whereas
of the Faculty that the Board of Visitors &
Building
it was the understanding
Committee had given an implied consent to the outlay of a portion of the Building
Fund in repairing the Buildings within the College Enclosure and whereas the
house above mentioned stands greatly in need of repairsResolved.
that
That
the
Sum
purpose & that Profs
the repairs.
superintend
of
Two
hundred &
Morrison &
fifty dollars
Taliaferro
be
be appropriated
appointed
a
Committee
to
to
�548.
IBID.
Regular
of
Meeting
Whereas
proposal
the
been
has
letter
a
Faculty.
That
Mr Taylor
for
College
ten
be
the
That
requested
thousand
Bursar
be
the Sum of four hundred dollars
College provided in his opinion
Taylor ( the
Bursar)
inclosing a
the College building-
Society for insuring
if
he
dollars
Building
of the Mutual Assurance Society.
Resolved.
1859.
from Mr
reed
from the Mutual Assurance
Resolved.
22d
Nov.
-
requested
think
it
expedient
to
insure
the
at the rates proposed by the Agent
to
to the
pay
order
of
S.
T.
Bowman
in part of balance due• for house purchased by
the interests of the College will not suffer
thereby.
That the Member of Congress
Resolved.
his
use
ficient
repose,
a
erect
to
American
The
College,
mural
obtain
in
the
an
Chapel
to
monument
from this District
from
appropriation
the
of
the
memory
be requested to
General
of Wm &
College
of
the
Government,
Mary
where his ashes
Prest of the First
Randolph
Peyton
suf-
Congress.
following Paper read by Professor Morrison before the Faculty
was with his permission directed to be placed on record.
the
On
were
to
efforts
thirteenth
resumed
in
the
of
October
renewed
1859 (
College
hundred
eighteen
The
edifice.
fire
and
fifty
that
of the
nine)
occurred
Lectures
on
the
eighth of February previous did not seriously injure the walls and consequently
they
taken
not
were
down.
These walls
denuded
by the late fire exhibited
evidences not to be mistaken of having before withstood a general conflagration.*
The only destructive fire except the late one known to the history of the
occurred
College
in
the
year
seventeen
five.
hundred &
The
impression
therefore
that the site of the College building was changed after the fire in 1705 must
be
This
conclusion is rendered certain by the following' extract
" The present State of Virginia by Hugh Jones A M Chaplain
of the Honorable Assembly & lately Minister
of Jamestown & c in Virginia."
" The
is beautiful & commodious being first modelled by Sir Christopher Wrenn,
building
adapted to the nature of the Country by the Gentlemen there;
and since
it was
burnt down it has been rebuilt,
contrived altered & adorned by the
nicely
erroneous.
from
a
entitled
volume
ingenious
direction
Professor
of Mathematics
of
Governor
in
the
Spottswood."
College
The
before
author
the
date
of
this
of the
statement in regard to alteration was confirmed by traces
windows brought to light by the late fire.
volume
was
transfer.
of many changes
This
of
doors &
The exterior of the present differs materially from that of the late Building.
The Points
of difference
may be seen
by comparing
it with
the representation
of
the Old Building which may be seen in the back- ground of the large Portrait of
the
Rev.
much
John
Blair
in
still
possession
of
the
The
College.
Interior
has
been
changed.
The ground plans of the Chapel of the Lecture- room on the right
as you enter the present Hall from the City front and of the Lecture- Room in
the North- East corner of the Building upon the first floor have not been altered.
The
Library
southern
Vide
end
Note
now
fills
the
space
formerly
occupied
by
a
lecture-
room &
the
of
the
piazza
This Piazza extended the whole length of the Building.
at
end
of
record-
this
relative
to
the
traces
of
fire.
�549.
It
been
has
converted
next
Faculty
in
into
part
for
offices
the
Professors &
a
room
for
the
Library.
the
A portion of the Lecture- room on the left
The old
by the main Staircase.
Halls were not so large as the present.
Their cielings were vaulted.
SocietyThe " Blue
Room" was on the second floor and was a part of the present Lectureadjoining
enter
the
on
the
north
cieling
hundred
and
was
and
twenty
fire
1705)-
as
you
room
of
Paintings
three
one
Hon
Robert
Boyle
Dew
were
the
wainscot
extended
from
floor
to
the
College.
These
of the
Rev.
were
saved
from
Blair.
John
the
fire
and
A smaller Portrait of
the
in size:
A large Portrait of
corresponding
of the Earl of Burlington;
a large Portrait
wife
gift
are
of
saved.
The
Johns.
Bishop
the
College.
Grammer-
School
The
was
of Natural
in
a
Philosophy-
hundred
great part
Gentlemen.
Students
June
there.
of this wing was appropriated
than
before
the
on
28th
held
Clergy
When
Seal &
Old Chapel
was
built
contained the grand
conventions
fire
Charter
occurred
in
the
it.
Later
first
floor
to the Chemical Laboratory and to the Department
Among the Instruments
years ago.
the gift of
the
1732)
their
the last
College
the
room
Structure,
Colonial
held
this
From
was
of
Hall
one
North- wing of the original
first used for service
which
the
and
of
The
The Faculty met in this room from seventeen
year of the completion of the College after the
hundred &
fifty nine- and here were hung the
( the
Portrait
of his
Hall.
color.
eighteen
to
A large
same &
Central
blue
until
the
Prof
the
a
occupied
formerly
was
of
of
belonging
follows.
as
Hall
were constructed
by Nairne more
The second floor contained the rare old Library,
Kings,
Archbishops,
Bishops,
Nobles,
Colonial
Governors
With the exception of a few volumes in the hands of professors
at
the
time
of the
recent
fire
this
curious
Collection
was
consumed.
The illuminated copy of the Transfer and an autograph letter of Genl WashinbLon accepting the Chancellorship of the College were also burnt.
While the ground- plan has not been altered some changes have been made in
the Chapel worthy of note.
The cieling was formerly vaulted.
The window- sills were much higher from the
floor and there was a gallery opposite the present rostrum.
The only one of the Chapel- vaults injured by the fire was that which contains
the
of the first American
Congress,
and
body of Peyton Randolph the President
this was only sufficiently broken to show the coffin of this distinguished
Patriot in an excellent
of preservation.
state
It may not be out of place here,
to designate the vaults of the Chapel & the resting places of the dead who slumber
within
them.
corner
of the Chapel
every
John
to
reason
remains
son
Sir
Washington'
s
Virginia.
He
John
died
of
in
three
are
the bodies
Lord
Randolph &
vaults.
That
of Sir John Randolph
Botetourt.
That
in
in the North
east
and as we have
the § outh- east
corner the
his wife and that between these two the body of
Randolph &
Cabinet.
there
rostrum
contains
believe,
of Peyton
of
the
Under
the
father
of Edmund
Randolph
a member
of Genl
He was Attorney General of the crown for the Colony of
London.
Near the North- west corner of the Chapel
is the vault
in which repose
the ashes
of James Madison the first Bishop of Virginia and his wife and on the same side,
a
few
feet
farther
east
is
the
grave
of
Chancellor
Nelson.*
�550.
Near the vault of Sir Jno Randolph on the north side was a magnificent
mural
erected
monument
to
his
The inscription upon it was in latin
memory.
and the only copy of it known to be inee±
d:ttence was preserved by Hugh Blair
L.
Grigsby
and
there
D.
L.
liberal
a
marble
Note.
noble
of
patron
mural
a
was
calcined
a
tablet
is
benefactor
Letters
and
to
erected
all that
remains
of the
College,
a distinguished
Scholar
of Art.
Near the vault of Bishop Madison
memory by the College.
A heap of
his
of these
monuments.
A few years before the fire of 1859 the College Building was reUnder the old plastering there were extensive traces of a general
plastered;
Conflagration.
The walls were more injured by the fire of 1705 than by that
of 1859.
Added under the above in President
Ewell' s writing:]
In confirmation of the theory that the present walls are those of the College
Building constructed before
the old plastering wastaken
fire
not
were
to
this fragments
be
the
fire
of
1705- it is proper to state that when
down in 1855 the traces on the walls of an extensive
Of
mistaken-
this
I
was
an
eye
In addition to
witness-
of charred beams were found in the walls by workmen
engaged in
repairs.
S,
Benj,
The
above
minutes
1st
series,
the
Quarterly,
There
to
a
have
large
Vol.
is
pp.
printed
in
the
132- 6.
As
a
William &
footnote
Dr.
Mary College
Lyon
G.
Quarterly,
Tyler,
editor
of
added:
still
been
were
XVI,
Ewell-
and
skeleton,
vault
another
overlooked
Mr.
by
was
in
the
doubtless
end
west
Morrison.
It
vault
the
of
the
contains
of
Lord
Chapel,
a copper
Botetourt,
which
coffin
whoL
appears
with
is
known to have been buried in a coffin of that character."]
IBID.
Regular
A.
the
of
Meeting
donation
library
Resolved-
of
of
the
books
the
late
Faculty
having
Jos
C.
Nov.
been
29th
made
by
1859.
F.
N.
That Prof Taliaferro
be appointed
emO
page
Meeting
bottom
of
the
torn
Decr
Faculty.
off.
On
Esc,
a Committee
donor the profound thanks of the Faculty.
Regular
Babell
partly from
Cabell-
next
13th
page:]
1859.
to tender
to the
�1
w
c:.
z
an
da
5
VI
m
i
g s41
a
H
A
pp
ri
i.
ad
ll
r
a
H
•
•
a_
4A
0t
A
1
4- I
FI•
i_
y
HH
Z;
3
aHj 31
K
O
OU
x
H
U
O
W
•
0
rl
m
Z x m
v)
1
xE.-
P4
p a
H
Q
M
4.
0
r
I
i111
�551.
Resolved.
That the Bursar be requested to pay to Eben Faxon Architect on
order the 100) of one hundred and twenty six dollars and seventy one cents
sum
8126 71/
in full of the balance due on the acct presented by him.
THE HISTORY
Vol.
II,
THE
OF
COLLEGE
3- 25.
pp.
OF WILLIAM &
MARY (
Randolph &
English:
1874)
In William and Mary Archives.
Address before the Phoenix Literary Society in dedication of their new hall,
the
on
8th
of
December
1859,
by
Edward
S.
Joynes,
Professor
of
Greek
in
the
College.]
e
A
few
months
mingled
joy.
a
ago,
the Faculty and the students of William and Mary were
tonight,
sorrow;
common
the
Faculty
still
our
buildings
in
rooms
and
furniture
consumed,
nor
plastered ,
tables, without
do
take
our .
spent
in
in a common
everything,
of years,
with
can
cease
never
at
help
that
met
we
could
in
every
in
and
the
forget,
not
of
together
floored,
fires
of
Halls
of the
the
of
those gloomy days,
kind
destroyed,
building
a
there,
dead
to
serve
furniture,
could
Phoenix
destroying
least
your
Ere
existence.
they
apparatus
not
without
winter,
your very
lathed,
not
benches,
without
still tried mutually
it is especially appropriate that this celebration should
the
fury
enough
yet
our
completely
iuty, . . And
first
the
little,
lost
even
ashes,
comfortable
first
place
for
remember,
when,
to
we are here to participate
Together we have borne the privations which our desolation had brought
us;
together we celebrate the finished work which restores our loss. . .
upon
and
in
Literary Society;
flames.
as
We
memorials
your library,
the spot,
your
reach
for here
was
saved
however
something,
of what we had lost. . .
you
the very records of your past
library, the collected treasures
library of William and Mary, which history
were mingled in one common sacrifice. . .
monumental
to
mourn,
You assemble to- night in in Hall not unworthy of your past history. ..
a
This finished
building,
is
triumph.
a
In
barrassment,
the
prdsent
form;
finished,
first
and
a
To
and,
and
him, [
believe,
In
this
B.
hopes
of
we
stand,
now
against
our
may be
Burnt
whatever
we
are
in
of
the
next
in
a
second
to
no
is
appliances,
day
months,
many
friends,
whatever
its
obstacles,
contrary to the expectations of
lost
S.
from
Ewell]
it.
our
more
said
out
of
in
completed
than
to
architecture,
of
middle
building
seeking to do our
ancient landmark; '
College
old
walls
application
building,
which
of
became
for
having
survived
the
it
duty,
we
other
any
was
remained
for
standing,
tests,
satisfactory
third
two
time,
not
a
we
hold
the
State,
and this
without
or a cent squandered from our trdasury. . .
thing
one
have
it is
session,
in all its accommodations
the
in
todday
our
which,
edifice,
College
lectures,
its
the
human
agency,
is
done.
We
due,
I sincerely
have
not ' removed
the early completion of this building.
the
imperfections,
under every em-
this building has arisen from a heap of smoking ruins into its
lecture
single
short
the
beyond
public,
which
few
a
we
torn
tiAte,
should
the
have
down
not
those
old
walls,
[
In reconstructing
a question of much dispute whether the
be
former
retained
counsel
or
town
down.
prevailed;
After the
and they thus
the basis of the College Building of William and Mary,
destroying
fires.]...
�552.
In
this
thus
Building,
assembled
to dedicate
to- night,
in
alike
worthy
to its
the
and
past
appropriate
in
uses
the
the
present,
hall
we
are
of the Phoenix
In assigning to the Literary Societies the largest and
in the new building, the Faculty kaire intended not only to
rooms
handsomest
bodies,
respect
for those
their
express
but to testify their deep convintion
Sosietie.
Literary
of
the inestimable importance of such institutions as part of a right system of
education. . .
AND
WILLIAM
1859,
Prof.
to
Society
Hugh
Morrison,
J.
R.
Blair
offers
you its library. ..
2nd
QUARTERLY. . .
COLLEGE
MARY
from
Letter
in
your Literary
25] . . .
p.
Vol.
series,
professor
I,
of History
282- 4.
pp.
and Political
Science
Grigsby.]
Dec.
Va.,
Williamsburg,
16th
1859
My Dear Sir:
Are the walls of the present college edifice those which were originally
erected?
This
of
liberty
to
is
a
calling
it.
settle
of
question
It is indisputably
1st.
several
denuded
to
brought
I
therefore
replastered,
be
view.
These
that
must
take
seem
the
true that when the walls
to
to
ago,
years
and
following facts, which
cannot prevail against them.
tradition,
Mere
to you,
interest
attention
your
of the College
traces
have
of
been
an
the
the
to me
were
extensive
effect
of
conflagration
were
fire
the
for that which occurred about the period of the Revolution
was
of
1705,
too
slight
2nd.
The
and
tution,
building,
and
to
a
soon
of
direction
When
was
formerly
first
being
by
country
the
modelled
of
the
brought
walls
to
Professor
were
exposed
by
Sir
by
gentlemen
nicely contrived,
Governor Spottswood;
of Mathematics
altered,
and
the
is
and
insti-
of the college-
The building is beautiful
adapted
Wren,
since
it
to the
down,
burnt
was
it
and adorned by the ingenious
not
late
"
Christopher
there;
in this
an account
altogether
fire,
unlike
Chelsea
Hospital."
evidence of many alterations,
light.
3d.
...
The
exigencies
Buildings
wood
the
them.
rebuilt,
been
has
the
caused
Jones,
is
contemporary of Governor Spottswood,
says
first reconstructed,
after it was
commodious,
nature
have
Hugh
Rev.
before
of
the
that
of
Government
the
required
College.
to the regave his attention
College had been changed,
the
When
the
these
construction
were
of
finished
building of the College.
building would have been
If
the
Public
Gov:
the
Spotts-
site
conformed
of
to the
But it does not conform
plan of the city, to a great degree then just built.
Spottswood
built upon
to this plan.
conclude
that Gov:
We must therefore
and that we have now the identical
college
edifice which was
the old walls,
originally built
to be in the
was
in
Gov.
conformity with
of the cipher of W
form
Nicholson'
and M ]
s
plan
for
the
city
[ which
�553.
WILLIAM
AND MARY ,
COLLEGE
Bursar'
1859
Book
s
1850- 1875
Library
July 1
Fund
John
Ghischn ?
111.
p.
.. .
To]
this
3d
sum ;
D.
Agent
for
books
purchased before fife
viz in January 1859
improperly charged above to this fund & now
transferred
To
Oct.
bash
fund
Income
104. 47
Cash
To
31
to
pd R. J. Morrison as per order of July 1
1859 to purchase Books for Department of
History
deposited
Books &
for
c
to
his
of
credit
B.
Department
S.
See
Ewell
order
250. 00
for
1
July
350. 00
SOO
1860
Jan.
.
7
To
do
S.
E.
pd
Joyner
termann &
as
2
Feb.
To
per
cash
Co.
order
To
do
18
To
do
to
pd
Prof.
for his
Joynerfor
Wes-
Department
250. 00
draft
German
credit
of
for
Books
purchase
of B.
favor
in
July 1859
Co.
deposited
to
of
S.
E.
paid
Westermann &
draft
for Books
E.
his
Taliaferro.. .
in
favor
of
B.
Books
50. 00
Taliaferro. ..
Department - - -
books
for
250. 00
his
Department. . .
50. 00
006
WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE PAPERS
CATALOGUE. ..
Printed
p.
OF
THE
COLLEGE
Baltimore:
J.
Folder 63.
OF WILLIAM &
MARY.
Session
1859- 60
Co.)
Murphy &
13]
The most interesting
recent
and
fire.
more
sumed.
pictures only were
and some manuscripts,
books,
rare
Bishops
and
than
a
This
antiquities
The
Governors,
and
century old,
destructive
the
the
Cabinet
gift
fire
of the College were destroyed by the
The Library containing many curious
saved.
chiefly presented by Kings, Archbishops,
of Apparatus,
in which were instrumehts
of the
occurred
at
Colonial
night,
House
the
of
Burgesses,
were
con-
8th of
February, 1859,
a time when the Alumni of the College were on the eve of celebrating the 166th
anniversary
of
celebration
took
an
the
eloquent
United
its
foundation.
place;
...
address
delivered
States...
But
a
poem
his
by
on
notwithstanding this terrible disaster,
recited by St.
George
Tucker,
Esq.,
was
Excellency
JoWn
Tyler,
late
President
at
this
and
of
�554:
AND MARY
WILLIAM
of
Catalog
COLLEGE
College,
Folder 63.
printed
PAPERS,
1859- 60,
Session
1860.]
44.]
p.
Religious
Prayers
to
held
are
in
daily
the
Exercises.
College
chapel,
which
students
are
required
attend.
Library.
The
works
which already numbers between four and five thousand
library,
been
has
volumes,
selected
of reference
with
great care, and consists of the most valuable
to illustrate the various departments of instruction,
necessary
as well as a valuable
collection
of miscellaneous
literature.
860
BOOK
RECORD
OF
the
on
Not paged.
Jan 3d 1860.
be
to pay to
requested
Prof
R.
Morrison
J.
one
occupies.
That the Bursar be requested to pay to Norborne Blow seventy-
dollars
Regular
Bursar
he
on acct
Resolved.
cents
Faculty
the
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
seventy five dollars out of the Building Fund on acct of repairs
house
Resolved.
five
the
That
Resolved.
hundred &
AND MARY
of
Meeting
Regular
to
WILLItiM
of hire
of Carpenters
that Mr Custis
acct
of
of
Meeting
Resolved
be paid seventy
nine
dollars
and ninety
eight
coal.
That
the
the
Jan
Faculty
Bursar
be
10th
requested
1860.
to
pay
to
Vickery & Co eighteen dols
pay
to
A.
seventy five cents out of the Library Fund.
Resolved
ninety- five
That
Resolved
to
the
That
hundred &
one
the
and
dols
be
Bursar
twenty
requested
three
Bursar
be
to
T.
Stuart &
out of the Building
cents,
requested
to
pay to
Sherard
Co
of
N.
on
order
Y.
Fund.
T.
Bowman
twenty five dollars out of the Building Fund on acct of repairs
College
Hotel.
Resolved
that
hundred &
two
the
fife
Bursar
dols &
be
requested
twenty
seven
to
pay
cents
on
to
Haywood
acct
of
Bartlett & Co.
Stoves &
c
We a Committee of the Faculty appointed to examine the accounts and vouchers
of Mr
Benj .
find
four
S.
that
cents.
S.
there
Ewell
is
a
with
the
balance
Building
due
him
of
Fund three
report
the
hundred &
same
five
to
be
correct
dolhrs &
sixty
and
�555. •
IBID.,
Not paged.
Regular
of
Meeting
Resolved
That
two
sixty
E.
culty.
the
Jan
be
Bursar
dols ($ 162.)
17th
1860.
requested
to
out of the Library
to
pay
T.
Reeve
M.
one
hundred
Fund.
00
Resolved
the
That
Bursar
nine dols and sixty cents
Regular
The thanks
of
Set
a
of
Meeting
the
the
be
requested
to
pay to
out of the Building
Jan
Faculty.
24th
Co.
ninety-
1860
of the Faculty were extended to Mr Jas Dunlop of Richmond for
bound - (
Poets handsomely
105 vols) . and to Mr Jnn R.
British
works
in
72
two dols
Resolved
forty three
That
edition of Voltaires
vols.
That the Bursar
Resolved
eighty
Walke &
Fund.
Bryan of Eagle Point Gloster Co Va for a handsome
Complete
Sautos
the
to pay
be requested
to Baillieu
cents
out of the General
be
to
Bursar
requested
Library
to Archer
pay
& Brothers
Fund.
Brooks $ 37
50/ 100
for work done by Mr Gillam for the College he having given an order on the
Faculty.
Resolved
that
the
Bursar
be
35- 25/ 100 out of the Building
WILLIA.M AND
Letter
of
MARY
S.
to
to Jos Thomas &
pay
Son
on
order
Fund.
COLLEGE
PAPERS.
Griffin
S.
requested
to his
Uncataloged.
James
son,
L.
Mss
C.
Griffin]
Williamsburg,
Va.,
Legislature
of Va.
Jan.
28,
1860
004
An
application
College
on
been
signed
want
a
the
been
of
made
the
to
with
footing
most
by
better
has
same
the
the
Citizens
administration
of
of Va.
University
of Wmsburg and
affairs,
&
.. .
James
sure I am that our College will
never flourish so long as it labours under the oppressive
It is a shame,
its present Rulers.. .
a crying shame that
are to be seen in attendance
RECORD
Regular
BOOK
Meeting
Resolvedeighty
OF
WILLIAM
of
That
dollars
on
the
the
acct
AND
on its lectures.
Jan 31st
Faculty
Bursar
out
1846- 1879],
MARY, [
of
be
to place our
the petition has
City.. . We certainly
to
...
Not paged.
1860.
requested
inactive weight of
only fifty students
the
Building
pay
Fund.
to
E.
P.
Tabb &
co on
order
�556.
following Paper from the pen of Prof. Ro. J.
of the Faculty & was ordered to be recorded.
The
bation
Gentlemen
Morrison reed the appro-
of the Faculty
The folg. facts relating to the history of the College seem to me to be of
interest
sufficient
to merit
So
far
I know,
they have never
been presented as bearing upon the age of the walls of the present Building.
I respectfully submit them as an appropriate sequel to the paper I had the
pleasure to present to your honorable body a few weeks ago.
attention.
your
as
The act of the Genl Assembly of Va of 1693 locating the College under
of
provision
be the place
the
Charter
for
erecting
of
the
the
College
said
prescribes " that
of Wm &
Mary
the
Middle
Plantation
in Virga and that the
College
sd College be at that place erected and built as neare the Church now standing
in Middle
Jones
Govr Spottswood
Govr
old f fields
Plantation
as
formerly Prof of Mathematics
Nicholson
the Middle
Govr
of
the
us that after
the
Plantation
form
in the
informs
removed
of
was
one
the
of
residence
and that
cypher
Nicholson
will permit."
convenience
The Rev.
Hugh
in this Institution and a contemporary of
Capitol
the
at Jamestown
Governor &
was
burnt,
the Genl Assembly to
it was he who layed out the City of Williamsburg
W&
M.
of
the
original
Trustees
named
in
the
Charter
and after the Institution had been located by the dent Assembly the site of
the Building was doubtless
1111
conformed
to his plan of the City to be built at
Middle
far
have
Plantation,
the only public
when
so
to
believe
was first held at His Majestyes
Royall
edifice
The Genl Assembly
as
we
reason
the
Church
was
yet erected.
Colledge
of
William &
Mary on the 5th Deer 1700 and here it met from time to time until
the year 1705 when the College Building was destroyed by fire.
This
was
the
1705
a
Genl
memorable
Assembly
of
the
Capitol
the
1699
City of Williamsburg-"
for the city was adopted which is the present
of
and
year in the history
reenacted
the act of
the
City
which
During
plan.
of
In
Williamsburg.
the building
this year the new plan
directed "
The Main Street named after the Duke of Gloucester was layed out beyond a
to the old Church &
it led towards the ruins of the
question with reference
built at the east end of it.
...
was
College.
The Capitol
The facts that
the
College
was
burnt
in
1705-
and is not known to have been ready for use
of any kind until 1719 has hitherto not been satisfactorily accounted for.
But
when
the
Palace
in
a
it
is
the
that
recollected
Jail
substantial
and
the
manner & "
by few buildings
of labor performed
burg then was.
of
their
between
Magazine
as
the
well
yrs
as
1705 &
the
1719-
College
the
were
Capitol
all
erected
exceeded"
kind
in so short
as we are told by the Rev Hugh Jones
we must be astonished by the amt
a time in a locality so isolated as Williamsin
England"
The College was the last of Public Edifices which engaged the attention
of Govr Spottswood
prior
Construction
which
does
not
because
of
conform
the
to
the
exigencies
of the Government
called
for the
others.
Since this is the only Public Building
the
of
plan
the
city
adopted
in
1705
and
since
even
�557..
it
after
wh.
College
been
had
upon
to
conform
by
in
fire
submitted
did not
it
reconstructed
was
erected
the
after
lately
rebuilt
was
the
when
with
accordance
of
1705.
These
this
Govr
Govr
facts
must
the
conclude
original
Nicholsons
plan,
connection
in
to you upon this subject
we
plan,
Spottswood,
with
that
Walls
were
built
those
which
seem to me to demonstrate
I
the
identity of the present Walls of the College with those of the Building
first
erected.
Yours
respectfully
Ro.
S,
Benj,
J.
Morrison.
Ewell-
President-
IBID.
Regular
of the
Meeting
Resolved.
Feb
Faculty.
7th
1860.
That a Committee be appointed to report the present condition of
the College to the Faculty at a Special Meeting to be held tomorrow it being
the
of
anniversary
Resolved,
that
report
since
An
a
the
list
complete
the
late
disastrous
fire
occurred
which
on
the
8th
Feb.
1859.
this Committee be instructed to submit for record with this
of the
donations
which
have
been
made
to
the
College
fire.
appropriation
made for purchase
of
hundred
one
from
dollars
the
of books in the Departments
Library Fund, having been
of Modern Languages at a
meeting of the Faculty July 6th 1859.
Resolved that the Bursar be requested to pay fifty dollars thereof to the
of Prof
order
Joynes -
and the
remainder
to order
S,
Benj,
IBID., [
Also
printed
College
Virginia
8th
February
8th
1860.
fire
on
into
the
the
in
Cataloge
Papers -
College
for
Ewell-
President-
Session
1859- 60.
Wm. &
Mary
Folder 63; and printed in Weekly Gazette and Eastern
Advertiser -
1860.
of
of Prof Taliaferro.
Williamsburg;
June
20,
1860] *-
At a Called Meeting of the Faculty held on Wednesday r'eb
being the first Anniversary of the destruction of the College by
Morning of the
general condition
8th
Feb.
of the
1859.
College,
A committee
who render
was appointed
the following
to enquire
Report.
The Committee report that the present condition of the College when we consider
the disastrous
consequences
of the late
fire and the ernbarrasments
under
which the College has labored during the past year is in the highest degree
satisfactory
See pages
and encouraging.
563- 565
fol1
ca'
�558.
The new College Edifice estimated to be worth thirty thousand dollars is
completed and has been fully furnished at an additional
thousand
dollars.
laid
was
The
the
by
cpDducted
in
Grand
Lodge
it without
is
Building
College
and is
however
some
cost of about three
On the 11th of October 1859 the Cap- stone of the Building
in
in
of Virginia,
interruption,
defects
and
the
College
Exercises
for the
way suitable & sufficient
degree
convenient & comfortable.
every
eminent
an
and
in
omissions
have
been
from the beginning of the present Session.
the
Construction,
wants
of the
There still exist
(
especially of the roof
of the building but the Faculty have reserved a sufficient sum of money to remedy
the
faults) .
The several Lecture- Rooms of which there is one for each separate
and
Department,
large &
to
each
illustration
of
which
is
attached
an
for
office
the
Professor,
are
and are amply furnished with all necessary appliances for
comfortable,
of the Several Departments
of instruction.
The Philosophical Apparatus worth about five thousand dollars and being with
the exception of three instruments which were not destroyed by fire entirely
is
new,
under
the
very
The several instruments most of which were purchased
complete.
Prof
of
supervision
best quality.
very
Wm B Rogers
The
is
whole
late
well
of
the
arranged
of
University
in
Virga,
handsome &
are
of
convenient
cases carefully constructed for this purpose.
The Walls of the Lecture Room of Natl Science are hung with valuable pictorial
diagrams illustrative
of Natural
Philosophy &
Natural
History,
and
the
Department
of Chemistry is furnished with a complete supply of Chemicals and with all the
instruments
necessary
for
manipulation &
experiment.
The Walls of the Lecture Room of History are hung with a full Sett of the
most
mural
valuable
The
some
is
Literary Societies
Halls
which
attached
historical,
maps
geographical &
construction.
most accurate
apartment
an
of
the
furnished
are
for
College
in
the
have
most
library &
been
on
the
provided
comfortable
largest
with
manner.
scale &
large &
of
hand-
To each of these
reading- rooms.
The Chapel has been restored and the remains of its illustrious dead still lie
undisturbed within
its vaults.
This room,
which is designed also for the public
Exercises
of the College has been comfortably furnished with Seats for about four
and has been regularly used for the religious exercises of
each day since the beginning of the Session.
hundred
persons,
Adjoining the Chapel and communicating with it by large folding doors is the
room
to
appropriated
at
contain
furnished
with
to
least
the
cases
for
This
Library.
twelve
thousand
books &
is
volumes
contains
a
Apartment
very large & handsome
It has been
conveniently &
ample
haddsomely
already about four thousand
select volumes
which have been obtained joarty by purchase under appropriations of money made by
the
Faculty, partly by the donations of public spirited Individuals.
Each Department is supplied with a library of standard works upon its own
peculiar
subjects,
while the library of general literature consisting partly of
books presented partly of books purchased with money presented for this purpose is
very
select
containing
besides
standard
literature
many
rare &
valuable
works.
�559..
Thus within
space of one year the losses by the Fire of Feb 8 1859
restored;
and in all the
point of view completely
furniture,
apparatus &
essentials
library the College is now
At the same time a most valin a better condition than it was on that day.
uable addition has been made to the property of the College in the large and
convenient
building which was purchased of Sherard T. Bowman at a cost ( including
of about five thousand dollars.
repairs)
subsequent
This building in which the
Exercises of the College were held during the latter half of the last Session
have
been
is now the
fortable
the
short
every material
of its building,
in
College
Hotel and affords
for
accomodations
has
about
repaired &
been
besides
remodelled
House
also
fifty
a residence
five
twenty
dollars & furnishes an additional
at
a
cost
residence
for the
The
Students.
of
Steward
former
about
two
com-
Stewards
hundred &
for a Professor on the College
Grounds.
In
a
financial
results.
gratifying
expended,
all
of view, the Committee are enabled to report most
Not a cent of the Endowment Fund of the College has been
point
its
nor
expenditures
in
resources
surplus
a
any
in
both
impaired,
respect
and yet there remains after
in the library- fund.
building- fund &
the
This is due mainly to the liberal donations which have been made to the
from
College
various
disinterested
by
are
still
due
individuals
but
The Committee
410
which
of
on
days
the
records
of
its
Morale
The
of
prestige
retained
upon
in
to submit
have
the
been
the
above
estimate.
for record with this report a full list of
up to this time, as a permanent monuof the liberality of its friends in the
made
misfortune.
The
is
in
included
propose
donations
the
all
are
especial
friends but
only by its Alumni &
and other
Virga
States.
A portion of these
not
sources,
which
in
the
of
College. . .
has been in no respect impaired by this disaster.
its
those
rested
College,
which is at least an interesting association,
antiquity,
the
old walls,
basis of the present Structure the same
the
original
building,
within
met in the year 1700 before the construction
which
the
House
of
Burgesses
of the first Capitol in Willismsbg
The College Exercises have been held regularly and without any interruption.
the
In spite of the prevailing uncertainty about the completion of the building
and at the
present Session opened in October 1859 with fifty one Students,
beginning of the next half Session Feby 22d 1860 the number will probably amount
being an increase of over twenty five percent upon the last Session,
sixty,
to
and this
large
too in the absence
additions
to
the
of the Law School
which has
often
in the Past made
numbers.
IBID.
Meeting of the . L
All the Faculty present.
Regular
The
Committee
Feb.
aculty.
...
appointed by
the
14th
Faculty
1860.
report
that
they
have
examined
the
�560.
account &
the
vouchers
College
and
of Prof Morrison
have
As fols.
Prof Morrison
Received
found
the
in
collected
by
in purchase
same
to
be
of books
for the Library
of
correct.
488. 00.
New York
250. 00.
appropriation
738. 00
Prof.
Morrison
has bought and deposited
books
Prof
Due
to
amt
the
balance
for
Taliaferro
prof
has
recommended
that the Faculty appropriate
for payment
due.
appointed
Committee
The
794. 79
56. 79
Morrison.
Which sum the Committee
of
in the Library
of
the
by
the
Faculty
purchase
of
to
books
examine
the
for
Library-
the
A/
vouchers
cs &
report
of
that
he
received
Appropriation
By
By
donation
300. 00
of J.
H.
Poindexter
of
Richmd
25. 00
Total
That
he
Leaving
a
325. 00.
336. 35
expended
has
balance
of
11: 35-
Which the Committee recommend to be paid by the Faculty.
Resolved
the
That
be
Bursar
requested
to
to
pay
dols & seventy nine cents out of the Library
fifty
to pay to E.
That the Bursar be requested
Resolved
dollars
Resolved.
five
forty
and thirty
That
dols.
Resolved.
the
five
cents
be
Bursar
to
in full of
ninety cents
to
the Bursar be requested
and
That
Taliaferro
out of the Library
requested
Morrison
on
order
Fund.
six
eleven
...
J.
Ro.
on
order
Fund.
Moses on order
pay to Chas A.
acct- out of the Building Fund.
pay
John
to
E.
Deans
on
order
twelve dols eighty eight cents out of the Building Fund.
IBID.
Regular
Churches,
of
J.
to
the
the
Faculty.
That
Rssolved.
Old
of
the
last
Meeting
of
History of Virginia" and
by Bishop Meade be bought
who has a balance in his hands belonging
edition
Families
Ministers &
Randolph
W.
February 28th 1860.
Richmond
Va-
of " Campbells
of
Virginia"
College.
Resolved,
T.
That the acknowledgments
of the Faculty
Taliaferro
of
Co
Delphin
Classics
Resolved,
L.
L.
D.
Gloucester
Virg
for
in 162 vols which he has presented
That
the
thanks
of
the
Faculty
be
be tendered
the
to Mr Warner
beautiful
sett
to the Library
returned
to
Hugh
B.
of
the
of the College.
Grigsby
for the elegantly bound and beautifully illustrated edition of his
discourse
Beta
Belleville
Kappa
on
the
Virginia
Society
of
the
Convention
College
1776.
of Wm &
which
Mary.
was
delivered
before
the
Phi
�561.
110
IBID.
Regular
Resolved
one
of the
Meeting
that
hundred
the
dollars
Bursar
be
requested
seventy three
Resolved
that
on
the
Bursar
nine dollars
Resolved
that
the
be
requested
pay
to
E.
of
Meeting
to pay to
out of the Building
Bursar
be
requested
hundred and thirty five dollars
Regular
to
P.
Tabb &
Co
on
order
account .
out of the Building FundThat the Buraar be requested to pay to Archer Brooks on order
dols. out of the Building Fund.
Resolved.
hundred &
March 6th 1860
Faculty.
the
S.
T.
Bowman on order one
S.
T.
Bowman
Fund.
to
pay
to
on order
one
out of the Building Fund.
March
Faculty.
20th
1860
Resolved that the Bursar be requested to pay to the Editors of the Richmond
on
order
forty six dollars] forty nine cents out of the Income Fund.
Enquirer
Profs
Taliaferro &
Morrison
were appointed
a Committee
to examine
the report
of Prof Joynes for purchase of books for the Library.
WILLIAM
Letter
AND
of
MARY
COLLEGE
QUARTERLY
A Wise,
Richard
2nd
student
at
Series,
the
Vol.
College,
Williamsburg
XVIII,
to
his
196.
p.
father,
Henry
A.
Wise]
March 20th 1860
060
Mr.
to
lecture
WEEKLY
Ewell has had my minerals brought here and set up in the College
GAZETTE
bell
AND
which
one
of
the
can
be
heard
towers
at
thinks
EASTERN
March
Williamsburg:
The
He
on & c.
28,
VIRGINIA
1860
heretofore
of
the
Wit. &
I have a good collection
p.
of
2.,
c.
suspended
was
Mary,
distance
ADVERTISER.,
on
9
or
Monday
10
E.
H.
of them.
...
ed.
Lively,
1.
in the
College
last.
Its
miles.
tone
lawn,
is
was
adjusted
admirable,
and
in
�562.,
RECORD
BOOK
Regular
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
of
Faculty.
Meeting
Committee
rendered
appointed
books
in
examined
three
account &
vouchers
of
Prof
Joynes
that
half
the
report
Librarian
that
the
the
dollars
of
Life
vouchers
a balance
of Prof Joynes for the purchase
due him of forty six dols &
same
Regular
of the
hereby requested to order from J. W. Randolph
a copy of the Virginia Historical Register in
Madison by Hon W. C. Rives- or as much of it as
be
Bursar
the
of
out
twenty
dols out of the
Meeting
Va-
Richmond
and
bindingis published.
five
account &
cents.
Booksellers
Resolved
the
department, &
his
Resolved
Co
the
examine
3d 1860.
of the Faculty.
have
We
thirty
to
April
Not paged.
the folg report.
Gentlemen
of
the
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
is
requested
to pay to Geo H.
Pagels on order
and to Shhriver & Emmart
Fund.
thirteen
Building
Fund.
April
Faculty
24th
1860.
The Library of the College is now opened only once a week because of the
small
which
be
paid
to
Librarian.
If it could be opened frequently,
it wd be a profitable resort for Students and the Faculty might secure the better
preservation of the books by restricting the number to be taken out of the Library
salary
The
is
present
retaryship
Librarian
to
the
an
opportune
of
Board
times
united
a
occasion
is
Visitors
for accomplishing
these ends.
The
vacant.
If this office and that of
Sec-
joint salaries would amount to one hundred & fifty
dollars a year a sum sufficient to secure the services of a man who would discharge
the duties
of Secretary to the Visitors & open the Library at least three
can
be
can
the
a week-
Resolved therefore that the Faculty request the Board of Visitors to consider
the
of
propriety
uniting
the
offices
of "
Secretary
to the Board of Visitors"-
and Librarian of the Faculty".
Resolved,
That the Bursar be requested to pay to Eben Faxon on order one
hundred dollars out of the Building Fund for additional services as Architect.
Resolved
that
dols &
the
fifty
Bursar
be
out
requested
of
to
pay
the
to My/ Barret &
Fund & to H B.
Building
order seventeen
dols & seventy five cents.
Resolved
that the Bursar be requested to pay to Allan
nineteen
cents
bro
on
order
Mathiott
Lindsay
on
on order
sixteen dols out of the Building Fund.
WEEKLY
GAZETTE
Williamsburg:
AND EASTERN
April
25,
VIRGINIA
ADVERTISER
LUCIEN
The
body
of
Lucien
E.
H.
Lively,
ed.
1860.
Minor,
was
on
MINOR.
last
Wednesday,
removed
from
the
Parish
�563.
Bruton [
of the
the
church-
sic]
College
of
Sons
in
yard
building,
city, to
the solemn
this
where
of Virginia,
Temperance
in the
spot
a
ceremonies
College
of
will be performed
the
square,
Grand
on or about
in
Division
rear
of
the 1st proximo.
Every preparation is now made for the erection of the monument to the memory
of that good man who was an exemplar in all things.
for
Paper
for
Paper
1860
the
item noting
building in the
contains
description
of the above mentioned
1860
May 2,
May 30,
contains
description
of
it
that
"
stands
conspicuously
a
burial ground,
College
new
the
monument
to
ceremonies.
Lucien
Minor,
prominent from the College
sweet,
quiet spot, well fitted
for purposes of sepulture."]
OF WILLIAM
RECORD BOOK
Regular
Meeting
Resolved
Regular
Meeting
Whereas
with the
Faculty.
the
May 2d 1860.
of
the
Faculty.
Green &
Messrs
of
directions
Architect
the
burg
for
the
of
on order twenty
Allen after receiving one notice have failed to oomply
Architect
the
contained
as
of
the
inspecting
into
Norfolk
be
roof
the
of
his
in
to the carrying
Slater)
Mr Holmes (
purpose
Faxon
May 29th 1860.
Building Committee
Resolved,
that as a preliminary
of
Not paged.
that the Bursar be requested to pay to Eben
eleven cents out of the Building Fund.
dols &
eight
of
1846- 1879],
MARY COLLEGE, [
AND
of
report
effect
requested
to
the
of the recommendation
to
College &
visit
Williams-
conferring
with
the Building Committee as to the best means of remedying its defects.
WEEKLY
AND
GAZETTE
June
Williamsburg,
EASTERN
20,
VIRGINIA
ADVERTISER,
H.
E.
Lively,
ed.
1860. *
COMMUNICATED)
PUBLISHED
At
BY ORDER
called
a
Wednesday
of
the
the
meeting
8th Fib.
of
fire
on
College
appointed,
at
OF THE BOARD
by
a
former
The
Committee
the
report
disastrous
See preceding
pages
the
of
morning
the
to inquire
report:
that
the
present
consequences
557- 559
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
Faculty of the College of
being the first anniversary
meeting,
College made the following
consider
the
1860,
OF VISITORS
for
8th
condition
from
Mary, held on
of the distruction[ sic]
Wm. &
Feb.,
1859,
into the general
of the late
copy
of
of
the
Book
of
the
Committee
condition
C.hllege,
fire and the
Record
COLLEGE.
of the
when
we
embarrassments
College.
�564..
under
which
degree
and encouraging.
The new college
satisfactory
is completed,
thirty thousand dollars,
and has
worth
College
Lenient
and
the
about
present
the
thousand
of
of
the
there
is
year,
On
by the Grand
in it without
College,
There
the
dollars.
still
of
roof
and
is,
in
the
been fully
the
llth
highest
estimated
edifice,
to
furnished
of
interruption
be
at an
159,
October,
of Virginia,
Lodge
the
in
an
eminent
however,
exist,
and
the
from the be- -
some
degree,
defects
con-
and omissions
but the Faculty have reserved a
building,
of money to remedy these
is one for each
separate
sum
past
The building is in every way suitable and
session.
wants
the
during
Building was laid
have been conducted
construction
of which
three
comfortable.--
sufficient
labored
the
exercises
ginning of the
sufficient for
in
of
of
capstone
has
College
cost
additional
the
the
defects.
The several Lecture rooms,
and to each of which is
Department,
attached
an
office
for the Professor,
are
large and comfortable,
and are amply
furnished with all necessary appliances for illustration in the several depart-
ments
of
The
instruction.
Philosophical
worth
apparatus,
five
about
thousand
dollars,
and being
with the exception of three instruments which were not destroyed by the fire,
of Va.,
and
is
new,
entirely
purchased
under
of
are
the
convenient
The
very complete.
the supervision
best
very
cases,
of
several
Prof.
B.
Rogers,
The whole
quality.
carefully
instruments,
Wm.
constructed
most of which were
late of the University
is well
arranged
in handsome
for the purpose.
The walls of the lecture rooms of Natural Science are hung with valuable
diagrams
pictorial
illustrative
of
Natural
Philosophy
and
Natural
History;
and
the department of Chemistry is furnished with a complete supply of chemicals,
and with
the
all
instruments
necessary
for
and
manipulation
experiment.
The
walls of the lecture room of History are hung with a full sett of the most
valuable
maps,
accurate
and
historical,
construction.
geographical
The Literary Societies
Halls,
some
which
is attached
an apartment
Chapel
The
has
undisturbed
lie
public
about
been
exercises
four
in
restored,
the most
and
the
This
vaults.
of the College
hundred
Adjoining
the
chapel
appropriated
ample
to
at
contain
finely
furnished
select
volumes,
of money
by
the
Each department
subjects,
to
and
and
of the most
To
manner.
each
of
these
dead
twelve
cases
Faculty,
for
been
partly
is designed
still
furnished
also
with
thousand
books,
for the
with seats for
used for the religious
it
by large folding
This is a very large and handsome
Library.
have
of its illustrious
which
exer-
of the session.
communicating
least
with
remains
room,
has been comfortably
the
which
comfortable
and has been regularly
persons,
cises of each day since the beginning
room
scale
for library and reading rooms.
its
within
largest
of the College have been provided with large and hand-
furnished
are
on the
doors,
is
the
apartment,
It has been conveniently and
and contains already about four thousand
obtained
volumes.
partly
by the donations
by purchase, under
of public spirited
appropriations
individuals.-
is supplied with a library of standard works upon its own peculiar
selected
by
the
Professor,
while
the library
of general
literature,
consisting partly of books presented partly of books purchased with money presented
for
rare
the
and
purpose
is
valuable
very
works.
select,
containing
besides
standard
literature,
many
�565.
Thus
have
the
within
been,
of
essentials
the
T.
Bowman
of
space
one
the
year,
losses
view,
now in a better
At
short
every material point of
its building,
furniture,
in
condition
than
completely
and
apparatus,
the
by
fire
of Feb.
8, '
59,
restored,
and in all the
the College is
library,
it was on that day.
time,
a most valuable addition has been made to the property
of the College in the large and convenient building which was purchased of
S.
same
dollars.
the
half
a
of
the
The
cost
of
former
about
last
for
residence
students.
a
subsequent
repairs
of about
five thousand
This building in which the exercises of the College were held during
latter
besides
at
at a cost including
session,
is
Steward,
the
comfortable
Steward'
two
and
hundred
has
House
s
the
now
College
dollars,
fifty
and
accommodations
been
also
Hotel,
remodled [
affords
for about 25
sic]
and
repaired
and furnishes now an additional
residence for a Professor on the College grounds.
In
a
financial
gratifying
expended,
all
point of view, the Committee are enabled to report most
Not a cent of the Endowment Fund of the College has been
resources
in any respect impaired,
and yet there
remains,
after
results.
nor
its
a surplus both in the building- fund and in the library- fund.
expenditures,
This is due mainly to the liberal donations which have been made to the College
from various
sources,
not only by its Alumni and especial friends,
but by disinterested
individuals
in Virginia
and
in
other
states.
. ..
Resolved,
That
a
copy
of
this
Report
be
to
submitted
Hugh
Blair
LL. D.
Grigsby
Committee
on the part of the Visitors to superintend the construction of the New Building,
with
the
Rector
request
that
of the Board
he
the
communicate
BENJ.
EDWIN
TALIAFERRO.
RECORD
BOOK
to
same
his
John
Excellency,
Tyler,
of Visitors.
Sec.
OF WILLIAM
S.
EWELL.
President.
Faculty.
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
June
Not paged.
26th
1860
Regular Meeting of the FacultyResolved-
That Mr Sneqd be appointed a committee to examine Prof Ewell' s
account
with the Building Fund.
ResolvedThat Mr Snead be appointed
vouchers
of
Prof:
occupied by him.
The following
The
Ewell,
R.
J.
report
Morrison,
in account
with
ar[ e]
correct &
that
seven
dollars &
forty
for expenditures
to examine
the accounts &
on the house at present
was adopted
appointed
committee
a committee
the
there
eight
to
examine
Building
is
a
the
Fund,
balance
cents
($ 187.
Accounts &
reports
in his
48/
favor
100)
vouchers
that
to
of
the
one
date.
of
Prof:
accounts &
hundred &
Benj
vouchers
eighty
S.
�566..
Regular
of
Meeting
Resolved-
That
the
a
Faculty.
dinner
be
June
30th 1860
for
prepared
the
Faculty & Visitors
Graduates
such Guests as may be invited after the Commencement Exercises on the 4th July.
Resolved that Champagne be procured for that occasion.
Resolved that it be given in the Basement Room of the North Wing of the
College Building.
WILLIAM
AND
Newspaper
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Folder
Ms.
17,
clipping]
Celebrations at William and Mary College
The celebration of the Phenix Society will be held in the College Chapel
on the 3d of July. . .
The celebration of the Philomathean
Chapel on the 4th of July...
WEEKLY
AND
GAZETTE
EASTERN
July 18,
Williamsburg,
VIRGINIA
Society
will be held in the College
ADVERTISER,
E.
H.
Lively,
July 4,
COMMENCEMENT
On
since
and
OF WM. &
the
morning
of
the
4th
the
burning
of
the
unbroken
around
The
invited
now
the
the
rests
upon
associations,
spot.
Visitors
guests,
[
the
the
and
Faculty,
commencement
held
were
same
the
then adjourned
to
of exercises
Graduates,
to dinner
for the first time
exercises,
in
the
eonsecrated
inspiring
so
Description
1860]
MARY.
College,
improved,
ed.
1860
young
Chapel,
men
follows.]
the
in one
that
restored
were
clustered
.. .
Orators
of the
which,
and still perpetuates
walls,
of
the
College
day,
and
Halls. . .
The evening was spent at a brilliant entertainment given by President Ewell...
IBID.,
July
11,
1860.
July 4,
1860]
A meeting of the Visitors of the College was held on the evening of the
4th
of
July
partly
for
the
purpose
of
appointing
a
Law Professor [
chair
vacated
�567,
by the death of Lucien
a Preparatory School.
As professor
of
Minor],
Law
the
and establishing
Visitors
elected
in connection
Mr.
Charles
with the College
of Hanover
Morris,
County.. .
As
instructor
city was
in the
Preparatory
Department,
Thos.
P.
McCandlish,
of this
elected.
4th
WILLIAM
Ms.
AND
MARY
Visitors
COLLEGE
Minutes.
RECORD
Truly
FROM
1860
to -
June
26,
1902,
3- 4.
pp.
Meeting held in College Library 4 July 1860]
Resolved,-
That the Brafferton House and the old Stewards House be rented
the first named for Two Hundred Dollars and the second for One Hundred
out,-
Dollars
a
year,
and that the expenditures
for repairs of said houses
shall not
exceed in each year Fifty Dollars for the Brafferton and Twenty five Dollars for
the Stewards house.Provided,One
Hundred
that
said
houses
rented
the
and
dollars
may be
second at
Fifty
to
the
Professors.
Dollars,
Faculty Resolutions]
that the President
house
of
free
rent,
dollars.
IBID.,
of the College
first
at
to be kept in repair by
them.
Resolved,-
the
be allowed the use of the Presidents
as heretofore in addition to the annual salary of Two hundred
5- 14.
pp.
Account
AI
Norfolk,
July 3,
1860]
Tazewell
Taylor,
Bursar
William and Mary College
No:
1
In
account
with
1860
Jan]
21
To
27
"
Cash
Cash
Co
28
To
Cash
paid Santos Walk &
paid E. S. Joynes
draft
for
department
books
paid
Feb
2]
"
"[
Ditto
to]
paid
Cash
his
Silliman &
Sillimans
30
for
Jos:
paid
R.
Journal
Co
Building
in
favor
of B.
99: 60.
Westerman
250: 00.
Dana New Haven subscription
4 years
Thomas &
J.
for
viz:
1856. ' 7. '
to
8.
19.
20: 00
Son Baltimore for timing scrolls 35: 25:
Morrison for repairs to house formerly
occupied
by
Steward
175: 00:
�568.
Feb
2]
Cash
E.
paid
S.
draft
Joynes
in
favor
of B.
Westerman &
50: 00
Co
for German books
Feb
2]
Feb]
Feb
To
3
paid
paid
Cash
"
To
3]
7
Cash
Cash
paid
paid
Cash
"
Hayward
Bartlett & Co
for
Taliaferro
E.
Balls &
books
Constable
for
T.
W.
Reeve
S.
T.
Bowman
N.
Blow Eire
for
for
205: 27.
stoves & c
for
his
lumber
in
department.
250: 00.
full
98: 79.
162: 00.
Library
044
Feb] "
Cash
To
paid
paid
paid
Do
Do
Feb] "
"
Allen
for
of
work
Lindsey
Cash paid Ballieu
125: 00.
75: 00.
building
carpenter
53: 37.
carpenter
as
Bros New York books
for Library
and
82 43.
premium
18
"
Do
paid Professor Taliaferro further appropriation for
Books
Feb]
for
department.
his
Cash
paid
Jno:
Cash
paid
Charles
Cash
paid
R.
J.
"
Cash
paid
E.
Faxon
"
50: 00.
12 88
Cash paid sundry bills for repairing
To
25
E.
for
Deans
scrolls
040
March
3
April
2
Apr]
Apr
"
To
11
24]
H.
B.
A.
for
Morse
for
Morrison
wire
45: 90
netting
56: 79
Library
architect
Mathiot $ 1775
M.
100: 00.
picture
Barnett &
Adams
Express
frames viz: )
Bro:
19: 50
Co $ 3: 50
40: 75.
000
May 7]
June
"
29
IBID.,
Cash
Cash
Paid
leaving
a
Faxon
paid
John
ornaments
Lindsey
for
towers
carpenters
28: 11.
work
100: 00
17- 18.
pp.
disbursements [
The
as
to]
" [
E.
paid
Green &
balance
security
for
of
the
Allen
of
building
fund]
thus far viz:
contractors
about $
incomplete
1200.
work
on
yet
the
15, 88: 58
unsettled
roof
of
and
reserved
Building & c
044
Paid
for
Paid
E.
plans
Faxon
200: 00.
architect
for
superintendance &
c
1, 076: 71.
004
Paid
for
Mathematical
Paid
for
Bell
and Philosophical
Apparatus
4, 000: 00.
335: 25:
�569.
Paid
for
including
sundries
of
repairs
Houses
to
belonging
College
2123: 19.
SOO
Library.
brary.
The amount
expended
for Library
under the appropriation
Faculty has been
of
1566: 30.
the
1566: 3D
of which there has been received by me for donations to Library
Fund
Received
Leaving
Regular
To
of
of
Faculty
In
the
to
AND
OF WILLIAM
Meeting
the
interest
years
balance
BOOK
RECORD
one
also
this
the
the
Grigsby
a
536: 30
fund
Library
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
July 9th 1860
of William &
College
of
of
COLLEGE, [
FEtculty
fulfillment
part
MARY
the
on
debit
970: 00 )_ 1030: 00
60: 00 )
of Stock
Donation
Mary
mad[
promise
e]
subscribed
&
by me soon
after
the
burning of the College to present to the library the value of one hundred dollars
in books or otherwise,
I beg leave to present the entire series of the Teubner[?]
of
Edition
Leipzig)
the value
of sixty
the
Greek
in
Classics
volumes
eight dollars and thirty- three
Very respectfully,
bound
Resolved-
That
Library
of
Morocco,
S.
Joynes
Morrison be requested to visit the cities of New York,
Prof:
Baltimore
the
during
to solicit
vacation,
donations
for the
to
authorise
Prof:
of the College
Resolvedto
half
cents.
Edward
Philadelphia &
in
That
expend
the
on
the
Committee
Building
repairs
of the
be
Presidents
requested
House &
Ewell
Outbuildirg s a sumEnot
exceeding three hundred dollars out of the Building Fund.
IBID.
of
Meeting
A bill
the
of
July 10th 1860
Faculty
Ellison'
Wy—[?] &
52. 40/ 100)
was
allowed &
July 12th 1860
Meeting of the FacultyThe
and
that
he
ti
there
is
a
on
has
the
to
Stewards
in
his
fifty
two
dollars &
forty
cents
ordered to be paid out of the Building fund
examine
House,
received $ 93. 50 from
balance
to
amounting
Present ...
appointed
Committee
expenditures
s
favor
Prof:
reports
Morrison'
that
Prof:
s
accounts &
M.
A A Little & $ 175. 00
of $ 33.
48
1/ 2.
has
from
vouchers
expended *
the
for
300. 98 1/ 2
Bursar & that
�570.•
of
An Account
blabk
for
Hansford
C.
C.
was allowed
amt
smithing
ordered to be paid out of the Building Fund.
act
An
A Lytle &
of
ordered
allowed &
was
fifty
Resolved-
the
That
to
amounting
three &
seventy
fifty five cents - - -
paid- Seventeen dollars out of the Income Fund &
be
fifty five cents out of the Building Fund.
dollars &
six
co
to
Bursar
to
requested
be
such
pay
as
orders
Prof:
B.
S.
Ewell may draw on account of the Building Fund during the present vacation of
the
College
That
Resolved-
Sixty
the dividend from the Grigsby Library Fund
dollars
be appropriated to the purchase of books for the Department of Moral Philosophy.
That the Bursar be requested
ResolvedR.
to pay the dividend
to the order of
Morrison.
J.
the
That
Resolved-
Bursar
requested
be
to
Walke &
pay
Co fifty dollars
out of the Building Fund.
IBID.
July 18th 1860
Meeting
of the FacultyDietz & Co
of
Act
An
Resolved-
to
seventy
dollars &
seven
thirteen
cents,
That buttresses with an arch be erected at the Western door of
Building,
College
the
amounting
ordered to be paid out of the Building Fund.
allowed &
was
. ..
in
order
to
beyond
secure
question
the
rear
wall,
provided
Mr Grigsby' s consent be obtained
An
order
work
hundred &
one
advanced
cash
for
Dunlopfor
for
the
on
College
nine
to
July 30th 1860three cents was given in favor of A,
Dolls, &
premises, &
to
in full
pay him,
date,
of N,
Blow'
s -
carpenters-
Building- to be paid from the Building
S,
Benj,
Fund-
Ewell-
August 4th 1860
An
of
order
for
Buttresses &
from
the
Dollars
hundred
one
Arch
Building
at
western
was
door
Bowmanon account
T.
given to Sherrod.
of main College
to be paid
BuildingS,
Benj,
Fund-
Ewell-
August 16th 1860
An
order
for
Butresses, &
Building
August
An
1110.
fifty
Arch
Dollars
was
at Western
given
door of
23d
College
Bowman-
Buildigg,-
Benj,
Fund-
order
T,
Sherrod,
to
main
S,
F,
Gilliam-
to be paid from
Ewell-
Wm,
on account of
1860.
for
fifty
Dolls
was
given
to
for part of balance
due him for carpenter' s work to be paid out of the Building FundBen j,
S,
Ewell-
�S71:
An order for one hundred Dolls was given to be entered on their account against
the
to
College-
Vest &
to be paid from Building Fund
Hansford-
S,
Benj,
An
order
was
also
S,
given
paid from Building
T,
for
Bowman-
the
sum
Ewell-
of ninety
five
Dolls-
to
be
Fund.
S,
Benj,
Ewell-
IBID.
At
a
regular
Resolved,
Co
of the
meeting
That
the
Bursar
be
to
requested
two
to ($ 202. 50)
amounting
held on the 9th day of October
Faculty,
hundred
and
the
pay
two
of
account
dollars
J.
fifty
and
1860; . . .
W.
Bouton
cents,
out
of the Building or Library Fund.
Oct
Faculty Meeting
Regular
16th
Resolved that each Professor
in the College
their
Resolved
S.
U.
N.
Bill
that
for
be required to furnish fuel for his own Office
building.
That the Bursar be requested to pay to the Editor of Richmond
Resolved.
Enquirer
1860.
a
the
to $ 23 50 .
amounting
thanks of the Faculty be
donation
of
the
Charts &
Books
A.
to
tendered
published
by
U.
W Johnson
S.
Lieut
Observatory
Washington.
WEEKLY
GAZETTE
AND
EASTERN
October
Williamsburg:
E.
H.
Lively,
ed.
1860.
WM. &
The exercises
ADVERTISER,
VIRGINIA
24,
MARY
were recently
COLLEGE.
resumed
under the most auspicious
circumstances.
Seventy- odd matriculated students now grace the College Chapel every morning. . .
IBID.,
October
MARRIED co.,
Va.,
and
24,
On
Mary College.
S
the
MISS
1860.
7th inst.,
SALLIE
L.
by
the
WRIGHT,
Rev.
of
Mr.
this
Brown,
city,
M.
in the
DULANY BALL 6F Fairfax
old Chapel of Wm.
�5, 72-.
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
RECORD
Regular
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
of
Faculty.
Oct:
Meeting
the
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
1860
30.
Resolved,
that the Bursar be requested to pay to the proprietor
Examiner six dollars and fifty cents.
Norfolk
of the
The following resolutions were passed at the last Meeting of the Faculty,
having been recorded, are hereby inserted:
that in order to insure the better preservation of the books in
the Library, fire shall be made in that room on three days in the week at suhh
times as may be ordered by the Librarian.
not
and
Resolved,
that in order to prevent the removal from the Library of such
Resolved,
books
ought
as
Faculty
be
to
kept
be appointed
there
a Committee
of the
general reference,
to the Faculty such action as may be expedient-
for
to recommend
I. .
IBID.
Regular
the
the
sum
of * 60
for the purchase
assigned
to
over
of
Novr
Faculty.
that
Resolved,
Morrison,
Deptmt
of
Meeting
Prof:
Ch:
6th 1860.
heretofore
of books
Morris
appropriated
to
Prof:
J.
R.
for his Department be at his instance
for the purchase of Law Books for the
Law.
An account
of Sam1 Marsh for Lumber, ( principally
for roof of the
Building) amounting to three hundred and twenty- four Dolls: & fifty
was
presented and allowed- thereupon it was Resolved that the Bursar
out of the
quested to pay two hundred Dolls ( P200) of said account,
College
cents
be re-
Building
Fund.
that
Resolved,
hundred
of the Building
of
account
his
seventy- five
the
for
The following
to pay Wm D.
Roberts Jr & Co,
one
account of $ 159. 89 for Gutters & c out
be
requested
on
the
it
Preamble
has
been
of
Jno:
estates
on
Staunton
been
T.
Bowman
the
balance
to sixty- six Dolls:
&
Fund.
and Resolutions
to
represented
Sherod
amounting
were submitted and adopted:
Faculty of Wm & Mary College that
the
Randolph of Roanoke are deposited in the yard of one of
remains
since
to pay
College,
out of the Building
the
has
requested
allowed
Bursar
the
which
be
their
brickwork
cents,
Whereas
on
Fund.
that
Resolved,
Bursar
the
($ 100)
Dolls:
which
River,
alienated
by
he
his
owned
heirs;
at
and
the
time
of
khereas,
his
decease,
however
but
confiding
we may be in the courtesy and honourable demeanor of the present owner of the
Est:
aforesaid,
in the
private
ownership
yards
we
know the
uncertainty
of property,
of human
life,
and
the
frequent
changes
and cannot but remember the fate of grazes in
so signally presented
in our Virginia
experience
on such subjects:
and deem it both expedient and becoming that the remains of so distinguished
citizen
of
Va
should
repose
near
those
of his
ancestors
in
the
chapel
of this
a
�573..
College
in
be
it -
Resolved,
which
That
Hugh
those
Blair
ancestors
L.
Grigsby
well
as
L.
as
himself
were
educated:
Therefore
D.
be requested to prepare a memorial settigg
and to present it to the heirs at law
of Mr Randolph,
offering to them a vault in the College Chapel as a suitable
depository of the remains of their distinguished relative
forth
the
Resolved
been
hate
Bouldin
of
reasons
That,
when
obtained,
Esq;
the
College
and
of
the
and
the
proposition,
the
assent
of
the
heirs
at
law
of
Mr
Randolph
shall
MI- Grigsby
be requested to prepare and present to Wood
a memorial requesting in the name of
the privilege of disinterring the remains,
Chapel of Wm &
Mary College.
proprietor of Roanoke,
of the heirs aforesaid,
them
conveying
to
the
IBID.
Meeting
the
Jno:
Holmes
the Building
Regular
on
for
a/ c
That the Bursar
roofing
the
be requested
hundred
eight
College,
to pay to
out
Dolls:
of
Fund.
Meeting
Resolved,
of
his
1860.
13th
Novr
FacultyResolved,
Faculty present-
Regular
All
of
That
Novr
the
19th
be
Faculty
requested
Bursar
1860.
to
to Messrs
pay
Lucas &
Roper
the balance of their a/ c for Carpenter' s work done on the College premises,
& 48/ 100
amounting to seventy- five Dolls:
Regular
Meeting
of
The Committee
in
Morris
the
same,
priated
the
Novr
Faculty.
27-
1860.
appointed to examine the accounts and vouchers
purchase
and found
of
books
them
for this purpose
to
for
be
College
correct,
has been
Library,
report
and
the
expended
that
of Profr Chas
that they have examined
entire
sum
of $ 60
appro-
by him,
IBID.
Meeting
Regular
Whereas
of
Faculty.
the Faculty
Deer 4th
have within
1860.
the last few weeks
received
complaints
from
students on the ground that they could not get their breakfast at the College
Hotel
notify
in
time
the
to
be
steward
at
of
College
this
want
by 9
of
o'
clock, . . .
punctuality,
Resolved
and
request
that the Faculty
him
to
make
such
�574.•
arrangements as will enable him to prepare breakfast
students to attend punctually to their duties.
Orders
to
Resolved
four
Fund,
and
account
An
the
on
of
the
requesting
the
Custis
of
Dolls:
the
Income
Lucas &
out
of
the
Income
twenty- six
Coal.
a/ c of thirtythe Building
Fund.
1860.
twenty- six Dolls: & fifty cents for
and ordered to be paid on the 1st Febzr 1861
Roper
allowed,
was
for
Dolls:,
Lytle &
pay A.
Cols
Dolls:
twenty
out of
cents
18.
ten
to
lumber-
Decr
Faculty-
of Messrs
Gymnasium
requested
fifteen
&
and
hundred
for
cents
the
1860.
the Bursar to pay to Wm Wilbern
one
be
Bursar
fifteen
fourteen
Meeting
Regular
out
and
11.
Decr
Faculty.
W.
Jas:
That
Dolls:
the
issued,
were
and
Dolls:,
work
of
Meeting
Regular
in time to permit
of
Fund.
Whereas,
Joynes
mann &
of
it has been reported to the Faculty by Professors Taliaferro &
they have recd a donation of books, selected by them, from B. Westerthat the Thanks
Resolved,
Co:
of New York to the amt of fifty Dolls: for this donation. . .
Faculty be tendered to Westermann & Co:
that
the
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Ms.
Visitors
COLLEGE
RECORD
4th July 1860 to- June 26, 1902,
in Richmond
9 Oct. 1861, pp.
FROM
Meeting
Minutes.
held
pp.
35- 37.
William and Mary College,
In
with
account
Tazewell
Taylor.
Bursar
1860
July] 16
July
21]
To "[
cash]
" " " [
by
paid
Thos.
cash
pd]
H.
Whiting'
Morrison
J.
R.
Dept.
July] 25
Nov]
10
Nov]
12
Dec]
5
To
cash]
" [
" " " [
It " "
" " " [
to
"
pd.
bond
"
Saml:
Jno.
to
cash
pd]
Wm
Holmes
painting
for Books
on
Philosophy]
for
c
Slating
carpenting
60.
77. 52
lumber
a/
33. 37.
for Do
chandelier
Marsh
Wilbern
bill,
Moral
for
Co
Dietz &
pd]
s
200.
roof
800.
26.--
�575..
RECORD
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
Regular
of
Meeting
MARY
AND
the
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
8.
Jan:
Faculty.
Not paged.
1861.
The following petition having been recd:
We the undersigned agree to form a Military Company to be composed of those
connected nth the College,
and hereby do request the Faculty to consent to the
organization
of
such
a
corps-
35 names
Resolved,
That the prayer
of
account
An
allowed
was
on
H.
T.
the
of the petitioners
Whiting'
1st
Jan:
follow]
of
s
1861,
thirty-
six
be granted.
and
Dolls:
forty
cents
($
36. 40)
and ordered to be paid out of the Building
Fund.
WILLIAM
AND MARY
Letter
of
COLLEGE
A.
Richard
PAPERS,
Wise
to
Folder
H.
A.
17,
Wise,
ms.
of
Esq.,
New
Jan:
Williamsburg
York.]
9th
1861
Dear Papa,
I arrived here safely last Thursday. . .
The
here
students
have
organized
a
company,
military
and
elected " Old
Buck"
their uniform is to- be home spun pantaloons and a red flannel shirt
and fatigue cap.
I have joined, but do not intend to get a uniform,
for if
there is any fighting I am going home and go along with you
The company is
captain,
to
armed
be
with
shot
object
of
RECORD
BOOK
Regular
An
with
OF
WILLIAM
Meeting
account
twenty-
bowie
and
knives
barreled
double
guns,
they are to be loaded with
the Co:
is merely to train the
four
of
the
AND MARY
Faculty.
of Samuel
Jan:
Marsh
for
fifty-
and
Dolls:
COLLEGE, [
cents
shot
shot
Students
15th
guns,
in
case
if
or
rifles,
of
action.
The
while here. . .
1846- 1879],
lumber,
($
buck
Not paged.
1861.
showing a balance of one hundred and
124. 50)
still
due,
was
allowed
and
ordered
to be paid out of the Building Fund on or before the lst June 1861.
An
cents
account
($
of
1203. 12),
Jno:
with
of
allowed
and
ordered
to
three
hundred
Dolls:
1861,
hundred
and
be
twelve
of
credit
a
balance
four
of
Homes
three
paid
(
Dolls:
out
The
hundred
of
above
and
hundred
eight
&
the
a/ c
twhive
Building
is
for
three
Dolls:
cents
Fund,
Dolls:
and
($ 800.),
($
403. 12)
twelve
showing a
there was
on or before 1st May
renewing
roof
of
the
College.)
�576.
cents
74. 40)
($
or
before
An
on
account
1st
Ninety- five
Income
An
and
burg
amounting
Dolls:
D.
95)
for
Bro:
to
twenty-
and
Dolls:
one
was allowed and ordered to be paid out of the
Fund,
cents
on
Jr.
Roberts
($
balance
a
showing
due,
of sixty- five
was allowed and ordered to be paid out of
65. 14)
1st
before
or
& Co:
1861.
Aug:
1861
22.
F.
of A.
account
of
Express,
thirty
Dolls:
&
eighty-
of
Co:
cents,
seven
and
hundred
one
Proprietors
Editors &
Co:,
Crutchfield &
of Walke &
account
An
421.
fourteen
Building
An
(
Wm
of
account
Jan:
Rowland &
cents
Coal
four
seventy-
1861.
Aug:
of
of
Fund.
Dolls:
the
and forty
was allowed and ordered to be paid out of the Building Fund
Co:
Bartlett &
Hayward,
of
account
An
(
430.
of the Peters-
87),
was
allowed. . .
and twenty- one
thirty Dolls:
and ordered to be paid on or
was allowed
amt in full to date,
cents ( 4130. 21)
before 1st July 1861 out of the Building Fund.
IBID.
Jany 29th 1861
Regular Meeting of the Faculty. . .
goo
Capt
of
account
An
Wm Wilbern
and
to
allowed
ordered
cents
was
cents
out of the Building
Whereas
M.
an
after
the
burning
of
Superintendent
Galt,
annual
continued
so
long
as
he
four
one
dollars &
dollars &
seventy five
twenty five
of the Faculty . . .
the
of
the
might
College
Eastern
of $ 333. 33/ 100
donation
..
sixty
fifty
to
fund, . . .
Regular Meeting
1861
Feby 5th
amounting
be paid- .
towards
think
the
on
the
Dr Jno:
9th of February 1859,
Asylum
Lunatic
at
Williamsburg
restoration
of
its
Va,
made
to
losses,
be
and whereas Dr Galt has expressed
proper: . . .
a desire that the proceeds of his donation should be devoted in such manner as
to advance most directly in the College the interests of literature and of science,
by the
priated
sented
by
of
enlargement
be
the
to
Dr
labelled
Galt
of
its
purchase
and
Galt:
with
a
plate
Va"
Williamsburg
Resolved,
Library:
of
books
that
bearing
...
for
these
be
the
the
That this annual
donation
be appro-
Library, which shall be marked as pre-
arranged
inscription
on
"
separate
The
which
Shelves,
Donation
of
Dr
Jno:
shall
M.
�577w
IBID.
Regular
account
An
of
Meeting
two- hundred
of
for
Piggott[?]
Faculty -
the
of
services
February 12th 1861.
and
men
due the Est:
of Nathaniel
on the College Buildings was allowed
Dolls:
twenty-
( carpenters)
and ordered to be paid on or before the 1st July 1861 out of the Building
That
the
fifty-
nine
Resolved
A/
their
c,
to
be
requested
Dolls:
&
of
eighty- nine cents out of the Building Fund.
pay
to Messrs
Fund.
Hansford
Vest &
Bursar
IBID.
of the
Regular Meeting
That ' Boydell'
Resolved.
be
Boyle'
Whereas
of
this
for
purchased
the
H.
Mr Richard
College,
February 19,
Faculty-
and
Shakspear'
s
Library
with
a
of Hampton,
Jones
1861.
the ' Works
the
died in this City on Sunday the 17th inst:
1.
That the usual
3.
Resolved,
of
That the family of the deceased
Exercises
Hon:
portion of the ' Galt
a student
in the Law
of the College
Robert
Fund' .
Department
. ..
be suspended
be respectfully
on this day. ..
requested
to
permit his remains to repose in the College burying- ground but that if this
request
should
not
be
granted, a Committee of the Faculty be appointed to
to his home in Hampton.
accompany his remains
IBID.
Regular Meeting
An
of
a/ c
to
of
a/ c
the
Messrs
subscription
An
of
25th
Messrs
Faculty -
Leonard &
Lamb,
61
Feb: /
Lytle &
Mar:
Co:
5.
1861
Proprietors
of the
Southern
Argus,
for
...
amounting
to
49:
12
for
lumber &
wharfage
was allowed.. .
the present state of public affairs in view of the threatening aspect
Whereas,
of
domestic
politics,
eminently at the present time enforces the necessity of
with
and of edthe best means of defence,
the State in every quarter
providing
ucating herssons
formed
among
Therefore:
to
that
the students
duty;
and whereas a volunteer Company has been already
of this College under the authority of the Faculty:
Be it resolved,
That the Faculty request of the Governor of this State the loan of two Brass
1111.
Field
the
Guns,
use
of
with
said
suitable
Company,
carriages,
.. .
caissons,
accoutrements &
ammunition,
for
�578,
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Visitors
Ms.
RECORD
COLLEGE
Minutes.
FROM
held
Meeting
4th July
in
1860
Richmond
to -
26,
June
9 Oct.
1902,
38.
P.
1861.]
William and Mary College
account
In
Tazewell
with
Taylor.
Bursar
1861]
Mar
To
5]
Cash
paid
J Bowden
L.
N.
admr:
decd:
Piggott
of
RECORD
AND MARY
of
Faculty.
Meeting
Regular
An
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
acct
of
the Building
the
Sherod
T.
Bowman'
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Mar:
220
Not paged.
1861.
12.
ordered to be paid out of
of $ 7. 72, . . .
s
hire
Carpenter.
Fund.
IBID.
Meeting of Faculty,
the following
Regular
On
April
9th 1861.
resolutions
motion,
.. .
and correspondence
were
ordered
to be
reoorded:
19th
March.
1861.
That
of
Tyler,
the
England,
Minister
to
the
of the
United
States,
with
a
as
communication
to the
Queen,
private
at Washington
Petition
to
President
late
same
Resolved.
the
Faculty petition Her Majesty, the
Library of William & Mary a certified copy
present
of the Charter which was originally granted to the College by King William and
Queen Mary, and also of the Transfer;
and that the petition be sent to Chancellor
Queen
is
entered
D.
in
the
request
through
that
Lord
he
transmit
Lyons,
Her Majesty' s
C.
in
Minutes
full,
from which the following
is excerpted:
MMG]
To Her Royal Majesty Queen Victoria,*
In
the
fourth
Mayy granted
Charter,
never
411,
time;
a
year of their
Charter and
reign,
a
only one of English
amended,
it has been
the
been
and
the
endowment
on
the
munificent
which
origin
8th
of
endowment
now
in
February, King
to
force
this
in
William &
College.
this
Under
country,
Queen
this
which
has
governed from its foundation to the present
established,
still
sustains
it.
Twice
has
the
�579:
main
college
fire,
by
the
in
this
Institution
fire
of
1858[
planned
was
the
and
year 1705,
the flames,
and
withstood
walls
which
edifice,
first
is
it
enduring
destroyed the
Christopher
in
has
English
an
Sir
by
again
1858[
second
a
time
Old
been
in
been
in the
Monument
Wren,
but
sic];
destroyed
both
instances
restored.
Dominion:
Thus,
.. .
The
Library
and with it many valuable relics
a superb copy of the authorized English
version of the
Bible,
the gift of your Majesty' s Royal Grandfather.
.. .
We
have
of the Charter, .. .
copies
printed
but that which was sent to this country
by Sir Edmond Andros has been lost.
We therefore most respectfully request Your
Majesty to present to the Library a certified copy of the original Charter,
of
colonial
our
which
sic]
of
is
history,
record
among
the
in
also,
them,
Chapel
of the
of
Rolls
Great
Britain.
And Your Majesty
would further honour this Institution by causing to be sent a copy of the Transfer
to
the
Faculty,
The
inated
of
original
this
second
of
year
instrument,
the
reign
of
King
George,
the
Second,
enrolled upon fourteen beautifully illum-
was destroyed by the late fire;
. ..
Chancellor John Tyler forwarded the petition to Lord Lyon in Washington,
Mr.
wrote
Victoria'
the
of parchment,
sheets
Notes
who
in
made
s
Tyler
March
on
Principal
"
25,
Secr4tary
1861 that he was sending
of
State
for
Foreign
the petition to Queen
by the next mail.
Affairs"
MMG]
IBID.
Called
of
Meeting
Present.
Preamble
Whereas.
an
War
Civil
armed
and
the
still
who
excited
1861.
and Resolutions
is
imminent,
Morrison,
Joynes.
were adopted:
and the State
of Virginia is threatened
and whereas the exposed position of this section of
that every Citizen should be free to enlist in its defense;
large
a
whereas,
10.
May
Ewell ( President),
invasion;
the State requires
those
Faculty.
Professors
The following
with
the
majority of the
most of whom
Students
remain-
of
state
the
public
also
mind,
have
purpose
already left
to leaveare
College,
unable,
to pursue their Collegiate
and
from
duties with
Therefore-
profit-
Resolved.
That the Exercises of this College be suspended from this day,
during the remainder of the present Session.
Resolved.
That a suitable
Circular
be prepared
to announce
this fact to
the public
Whereas:
State,
a
present,
of
President
of
the
College
position
in
her
service,
from devoting
Resolved:
the
The
military
Professor
building,
permit him to
his constant
has
and
attention
accepted,
at the Call of the
is
thereby precluded, for the
to the affairs of the College.
That the Records and Keys of the Colleg be committed to the Care
and that
Morrison,
and
other
remain
in
Prof.
of
property
this place.
Morrison
the
be requested to superintend
College,
so long as Circumstances may
�580..
fesolved.
Morrison
be
That
in
the
appointed
event
of the
library, Apparatus,
requiring their removal.
Note:
Printed
following
of
&
c.
dated
circular
minutes
of
the
Committee,
a
above
of
the
May
of
absence
with
Professor
to provide for the safety
should any contingency arise,
College,
10,
PrBfessors,
other
President,
the
1861,
is pasted into Faculty Minutes,
MMG]
meeting.
IBID.
The following circular is filed in the above volume]
OF WILLIAM &
COLLEGE
MARY.
CIRCULA R.
THE LECTURES in this College have been suspended during the remainder of
the
present Session.
have been guided by
no
In
a
taking
of
sense
this
step,
duty,
public
at
the
present
which,
time,
trust,
they
the Faculty
will
require
explanation.
The
October
Session
will be opened,
as usual,
on the first Wednesday of
if the state of the Country shall permit.
next
next,
The
of
fees
tuition &
c,
have been reduced as follows:
Tuition,
60.
Board( in
Modern
15
Room
languages,
each,)
Matriculation
May
10,
Robt.
fee,
at
GROUP
Wmbg.,
Hotel,)
Servant'
s
140
Hire,
Expenses,
14
3
5
BENJ.
PAPERS,
Saunders,
and
Contingent
1861
PAGE- SAUNDERS
College
Rent
I,
Folder
to his
son
S.
1, ( Mss.
(
Robt.
EWELL,
Wm. &
P.
President. . .
Mary Archives)
13 May 1861.]
Saunders)
The College has been dragging along with a very few students until two days
ago,
when
WILLIAM
closed. . .
AND MARY
Pamphlet.
the
it
An
Fifteenth
COLLEGE
Address
Virginia
PAPERS.
Delivered
Regiment
Folder
by
at
J.
18.
Staunton Moore At the 50th Re- union Of
Virginia.
Williamsburg,
May 24, 1911]
�581i
5]
P.
remained
We
at
Wharf...
dear
this
old
RECORD
BOOK
Called
Meeting
Present.
in
That
Jany
and
the
27th
of
1st.
the
in
rent,
be app©inted the Agent
of
to determine the compensation
for the use and occupation of
by the Military
Authorities
of the State
of
States.
of
the
College
losses,
to which Mr Harrel College
of the suspension
of the College
and premises,
Hotel
without
Exercises,
rent,
till
that in the opinion of the Faculty the interests of the College
that
it
shd
be
opened
if possible by the
of Profrs Morrison &
Committee
the
ascertain
Military
behalf,
on account
the
at Law,
Atty
compensation
Premises,
of
1861
Esgr.
on
Not paged.
Morrison & Taliaferro.
their
Peachy
consequence
use
1846- 1879],
1862.
Resolved,
consisting
earliest time
Hospital,
Resolved,
of
in
That
28.
Morris,
power,
the
Sep
and
in William
COLLEGE, [
of the Confederate
allowed
a
S.
Wm.
has been subjected
require
that
Profs
Building &
Resolved,
be
Faculty
full
also
as
College
Steward
the
camped
were
AND MARY
Ewell,
with
damages,
Virginia,
he
of
Prest
Faculty,
the
We
OF WILLIAM
Resolved.
the
Kingsmill
until
May [ 1861] when we came
and while
city.. .
Mary College,
matriculated. . .
we never
we certainly rubbed our heads against its honored
and slept upon its carpeted floors. . .
walls
Our company was quartered in the
library of the college and other rooms.. .
I selected some of my favorite authors
for a pillow. . .
to
resuOing
can
be
at which
the
1st
day
of
Jany.
Taliaferro
Building &
1862,
and
be appointed to
Premises,
now used
as
a
vacated.
that the same Committee be requested to enquire into the Expediency
the
College
Exercises
in
some
other
building -
provided a suitable
one can be procured.
At
a
held
Faculty Meeting
Whereas.
honored
Sept
Colleague &
friend
Professor
the army of the Confederate
Resolved.
loss
to
this
was so bright
able
a
1861
the following was adopted
It has pleased Divine Providence to remove from among us our
That we
30th
regard
Robert.
J.
Morrison,
late
a
Captain
in
States
the
death
of Professor
Morrison
an irreperqble
family & friends and as a calamity to the College of which he
an ornament and to the country of which he was so faithful,
servant.
�
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38d51f6dbe63a512cb5331c51be1c846
PDF Text
Text
582.
WILLIAM AND MARY
Ms.
Visitors
of
Report
The
COLLEGE
President
finances
were
RECORD
FROM
4th July
Meeting
held
in
of
College
to
in
a
Minutes.
of
Bd.
flourishing
it
closed[*]
been
since
used
estimable
dations
as
for
the
Sick
The Stewards
1861]
8,
the
refitting
Capital Fund.
would
Edifice,
taken
are
as
House has
ample
been
as
are
have
Shortly after the College
and
possession of by Military authority,
a Hospital.
the latter,
it is
As
Quarters or as
was
19- 21.
pp.
By the end of the year all out-
and
service to the sick soldiery.
Surgeon,
Dr Westmoreland,
the principal
Indeed
1902,
1861.]
Oct.
Visitors,
26,
June
to -
9 Oct.
condition.
for rebuilding
standing debts contracted
of the
without a dimunuation
been paid was
1860
Richmond
informs
us
that
has
ever
of
now,
the
in-
accommo-
required.
filled with
convalescent
soldiers
as boarders
and
has thus been of service. ..
The
Professors
of
terms,
the
be
may not
it
to soldiers
The
Houses,
in
of
the
members
improper
to
and refugees
not
has
Library
and
Philosophical
the
apparatus,
Yard,
are
authorized
have
as
far
by
as
Notice
been
IBID.,
to
take them.
been
the
same
These houses,
thrown
open
disturbed,
nor until very lately the chemical
It has been found necessary to remove a portion of
done
in same minutes
10th,
you
on
possession,
practicable,
without
injury, the rest being well secured.
A fair Compensation for the use of the Building
by the Government without question.
May
in
from Hampton.
yet
was
College
Faculty
remark
Rooms.
which
the
of the Resolution
and Grounds
will be paid
to close the College dated
1861.
22- 23.
pp.
Resolved...
the College
that the President and such of the Professors as now occupy any of
buildings be in like manner released from the payment of any rent
for the same from the first day of the present month.
that the President
Resolved.
and Professors
be requested to take such measures
as may be necessary fmr the preservation of the College buildings and the Library
and
Philosophical
Resolved.
to
make
That
a
apparatus.
a
contract
Committee
with
the
of
War
three ( the
Department
Rector
for
being
the
use
Chairman)
of
the
be appointed
College
as
a
Hospital. ..
Resolved.
That the Bursar be instructed to insure the College
some Virginia
4110
Insurance
office
or offices
buildings
if they be not now insured
in
in the same.
�242.
�583.
That the Bursar be instructed to invest until the further order of
all the funds of the College which may hereafter come into his hands
for investment upon bond well secured on real estate or in the bonds of the
Resolved.
this
board,
Confederate
Government.
WILLIAMSBURG
Research
the
IN 1861,
by
Mrs.
Victoria
Lee ( typed
Ms.
Colonial Williamsburg,
Department.)
Williamsburg at that time was overrun with refugees from the lower end of
Peninsula.
Many of these unfortunate people were housed in the Main Buildof the
ing
College,
a
as
did
except
the
other
that
called
sometimes
Wren
the
which
Building,
was
later
used
This building looked then just as it did before it was restored,
hospital.
as
college
Brafferton
Brafferton
buildings,
Hall
then
had
no
Hall
and the
President'
s House,
These buildings were partly
porch.
surrounded by a brick wall similar to the wall around Bruton Church.
see
RECORD
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
At a meeting
the
of the Faculty
that
Resolved
and
hundred
Prof.
twenty
Confederate
receipt
WILLIAM
AND MARY
Richmond:
OF
THE
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
Feb 28th 1862
Snead proceed to Norfolk and deposit with the Bursar nine
Dollars
Government,
to
Master
rent
Feb
eight ( 928)
to the Quarter
CATALOGUE
AND MARY
1861 -
1st
of
College
for
which
Building,
sum
the
received
from
President
will
of the Post -
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
OF WILLIAM &
Folder
64.
MARY...®
ogigj® fts 1860- 61 &
1865- 66
1866)
1861- 1862]
pp.
18- 19]
May, 1861, the actual existence of war at its very threshold
rendered it necessary to suspend the College exercises and close its doors.
The building was soon after seized by the military, and used first as a
Early
in
�584.
barrack
next
and
as
until
hospital,
a
the
evacuation
of
in
Williamsburg
May, 1262...
was,
ItiWilliamsburg/
held by the
United States army in the Peninsula from the time of
MMClellan' s advance
Gent'
of
the
tant
post.
as
an
impor-
then consistgarrison,
in which
Pennsylvania
cavalry,
States
United
the
and
cavalry
till the close
intermission,
A conflict occurred on the 9th
between a detachment of Confederate
...
1862,
September,
on Richmond
without
almost
war,
therefore,
ing
of the
5th
regiment
the
latter
was
worsted.
of
sion
town
the
few
same
After
hours.
the
had
all
day
garrison,
of
influence
defeat,
their
by
before
and
drink
returning stragglers of
gone,)
provoked
the
under
the
was
organization...
fired and destroyed the principal building,
restored,
with
The Confederates took possesday, but withdrew in a
M.
of
had retired, ( by 11 A.
they
in the
early
and
furniture
apparatus.
of the war all the remaining
and
premises
to
entirely
the
or
houses
or pulled
The
injured.
greatly
periods
on the College
burned,
were
enclosures
pieces,
At later
...
vaults
in the College chapel were broken open and robbed
of
the
silver
the
to
attached
plates
and
coffins,
of whatever else of value they were found to contain.
This
to
desecration
the
when it became known
checked...
was
These
commander.
military
facts
are fully
substantiated by the affidavits of eye- witnesses.
will
It
the losses
in
require
at
and restore
least $ 80, 000
the College
to
repair
to what it was
1860.
TYLER' S
ketches
here
From
decayed
The
29- 30.
pp.
from the Journal , lf a Confederate
Elias
Samuel
VI,
VOL.
MAGAZINE,
we
Soldier
1862/
Mayes) ,
went
to
Williamsburg--
not
an
imposing
an ancient
and
town...
College
is
structure,
tho
the
building seems to be a comparatively modern one.
Looks more like a modern female institute than an old
university for young men...
There is a statue in front of the building
lawn,
I do
but
Botetourt/.
while
we
were
not
know
who
These buildings
there
in
April,
the
statue
in a nice
represents ,
Lord
were used as a hospital
1862...
�mas
1 :- --.- --= .
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103
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cS'
aBad
al.zsoddp
U
H
O
�5E5.,
WILLIAM &
MARY
HISTORICAL
QUARTERLY
MAGAZINE,
2nd
Series,
Vol.
XIII,
26- 27.
pp.
WILLIAMSBURG AND WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE AFTER THE BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG,
1862,
May 5,
as
seen
by
Confederate
a
From Randolph
Soldier.
Abbot
Shotwell
papers.]
in
Arriving
the
but
morning,
houses
I
Williamsburg,
now
and everything
there
were
found
no
signs
the
of
streets
full
of
soldiers
no
inhabitants,
lights
as
in
in
the
as quiet
and desolate as a country village at midnight.
altho'
a terrible battle has been raging
around
the horrors of war brought fiercely to their doorsills,
they quietly go to bed, with the chickens ere sunset, and sleep the
Perhaps tho' ,
the citizens were not asleep but had exsleep of the just."
tinguished their lights as the best way to escape annoyance from stragglers,
Strange
thought
people,"
town all day, and
and
men
there
I, "
for
wounded
friends.
their
seeking places to leave
and
lights flashing at nearly every window,
were
falling,
At
the
College,
as the rain was
however,
still
I determined to seek shelter in the building until day break, . . .
the venerable edifice already had its full complement of occupants.
Alas!
Little had I expected to witness such a sight within those walls as now greeted
my eyes on every floor.
Wounded,
dying and dead-- here, there, everywhere-- halls, recitation rooms,
dormitories-- all were crowded with bloody bodies!
Here a ghastly face lay dead,
and moaning.
and by its aide a wounded comrade writhing,
In one of the large
off,
three surgeons were busy at low tables,
rooms
sawing
or binding up limbs
of poor fellows who lay upon the tables in such a way that the ghastly hue of
their distorted faces showed all the more horribly from the flickering glare
of
the
tallow
candle
at
each
corner.
And what a strange metamorphosis
was this of the peaceful abode of science
As I ascended
the stairlearning into a veritable chamber of horrors, . . .
way my foot struck some object,
and a man passing at that moment with a light
from one of the rooms showed me a pile of legs and arms that had been amputated and thrown on the landing of the stairway,
that being the only place unoccupied by the wounded.
Near the doorway were several corpses. . . .
At the campus gate I met Colonel Berkeley, who like myself had halted for
and now,
could not find the regiment.
Eome purpose,
The whole army was retiring
by one road, [ west toward Richmond] . . .
and
Frank
Moore,
1866),
Vol.
POST"
ed.
V,
The
Record:
Rebellion
DOCUMENTS
II.
A
Diary
NARRATIVES,
AND
of American
19- 27 (
pp.
YORK "
8,
1862.
EVENING
NARRATIVE.)
YORKTOWN,
Gen. [
George
building, from the roof
and our signal corps had already
several
divisions
imposing,
VA.,
MAY
McClellan and staff drove directly through the city to the
B.]
college
what
New York,
Events. . .(
NEW-
of
though
the
army.
less
so
of which
the
established
Entering
than
the
the
Stars
and
Stripes
a station
edifice,
structure
caught
communicating
which
burned
some
is
of
years
the
breeze,
with the
brick
since,
and
a
some-
�586,
to
visit
was
rebel
wounded,
abandoned by their fleeing brethren. . .
an
room
In
made
upper
the
several
of the
in
rooms,
college
all
of which
our wounded
were
of the
more
or less
Excelsior
of the
brigade
were
found. . .
The appearance
rebel
keepers.
covered
of the college hospital was not at all creditable
floors,
The
filth,
with
and
the
had
we
the
stairs,
only
to
open
the
to its
and even the windows were
walls,
or
pantries,
stroll
in
the
yards, to detect as many distinct and well- defined stenches as Coleridge
counted
in
the
fragments
kindred
of
dirty
rubbish,
w: s
tofore
so
fences
prostrate,
and
and
all
and
the
well-
stone
statue
Medical
broken
clothing,
strewn
picturesque
even the marble
of Cologne.
streets
furniture
stores and implements,
crockery,
the
building,
protected, . . . were
over
gate- posts
of Baron
overturned,
de Botetourt
cooking
the
while
a
complete
and
utensils,
grounds,
waste.
hereThe
the sod and trees destroyed,
disfigured and begrimed with
mud.
The
houses
the
of
college
their
made
lately occupied
building, had
the
by
and
professors,
used by rebel
been
situated
on either
side
and profiting by
had
Military Governor of the place,
of them his headquarters. . .
Every house in the city was promptly
and there was soon an air of order and quiet in the streets. . .
Gen.
example,
one
guarded,
Jameson,
now
officers,
made
Mach"
WILLIAM
Typed
AND MARY
copy
of
COLLEGE
letter
a
PAPERS,
from
Dr.
Folder
18,
Alfred
Hitchcock,
Ms.
Federal
Va.,
Williamsburg,
Surgeon]
May
12,
1862.
My dear Doctor
Immediately after the battles at this place we found ourselves at
Hd.
Quarters in this village ( or city) and I was at once placed
McCellants
in
charge
Senior
as
Confederate
Surgeons
have
assisted
in
patients
and 80
Rebels-
terday-
and last
night
off
remainder -
the
There
when
we
the
were
occupied
as
College
me.
Mr.
Hospital.
Wellman
Dr.
has
Bronson
kept
the
and
two
records
and
My record yesterday morning made up 275 Union
about one half of them we sent to Fort Monroe yeswe
received
some
50
more
-
To day we expect to send
or nearly all of them.
about
about
House and many private
been
the
assisted
dressings.
arrived.. .
of
Surgeon
1000
Rebel
30 special
wounded &
surgeons
perhaps
came
half as many Union men
with
houses in this old Aristocratic
Hospitals. . .
us -
4
churches -
court
seat of learning have
�587.•
IBID.,
18,
Folder
from
Letter
Ms.
Dr.
J.
R.
to
Bronson
Dr.
Wm.
J.
Dale]
William &
Mary College Hospital
Williamsburg Va May 12th 1862
My dear Doctor
Dr.
myself
Hitchcock &
80
about
rebels
of wounded
there
Up
men.
were
to
assigned ( to)
with
wounded
all
or
the
6
hospital. . . We
College
and
exceptions,
treated
have
we
yesterday
5
in
355
the
a large
found
number
and
hospital,
yesterday we admitted a large number of sick Union men who could not be taken
away with their regiments.
May 14th. . .
I have
7 rebel
charge
of the
College
Hospital
which
contains
80 Union
signed)
J.
Seminary &
Williamsburg,
Surgeon
College
Hospital,
Va.
Genl.
Dale,
J.
and
Bronson,
R.
Surgeon,
Wm.
sick
wounded. . .
M.
Boston/
WILLIAM
AND
D.,
Mass.
Letter
of
MARY
COLLEGE
Alfred
2nd
QUARTERLY. . .
Hitchcock,
to
the
Series,
Surgeon
Vol.
XIX,
Hospital. . . William &
and
Randolph,
treason,
The
now
first
host
a
of
converted
it
night
State
were
already
girls. . . on the
the alma
College,
for
s
brilliant
into
a
contained
men
Military
of
May
20,
1862.
in charge
of the
site of the colonial
of Jefferson,
mater
blessed
Capitol]
Madison,
untainted
memory,
with
Hospital,
was placed under my charge.
mostly wounded by gun shot or
175 patients,
During the next 6 days we received and sent to the boats from this
shell.
Hospital
a
Mary'
of this
181- 2.
General]
Fitchburg,
Drls Cabot and Hartwell
Seminary* [ fn. . . . seminary
pp.
alone
few with
leaving,
a
little
mortal
for
that
to
purpose.
steamers,
supplied
portation
of
the
more
wounds,
with
wounded
than
leaving only a few " stumps" and
by a surgeon detailed, on our
The Government had provided several large
be
blankets,
to
more
300
cared
men,
for
mattresses,
Northern
for
& c.,
and
cities,
the
most
immediate
trans-
rapidly &
success-
fully within 8 days over 2000 wounded men were moved from Williamsburg.
We
had
numerous
appropriating
temporize
a
fractures
the mahogany
"
Desault"
or
"
at
the
College,
and white wood
Double
inclined
and
I had no
of those
hesitation
consecrated
plane." . ..
halls
in
to ex-
�588.
Marks,
Rev.
J.
J.:
THE
PENINSULA
SCENES
Co.;
CAMPAIGN
THE
ON
IN
VIRGINIA,
BATTLEFFIELDS
AND
OR
INCIDENTS
RICHMOND.
IN
AND
J.
B.
Lippincott
1864.
May 1862]
Chap
XI,
159- 166.
pp.
I have before said that I was not with the army at the time of our advance
but
Williamsburg,
on
removal
from
the
remained
hospitals
in
in
charge
field
the
of
of
the
sick,
Yorktown.
and
When
to
this
see
work
to
was
their
com-
pleted, on the 12th of May, I started in pursuit of the army, and on the evenThis I found to be one of the most ining of that day reached Williamsburg.
teresting towns in Virginia. . . The building [ the College] itself, and many ancient monuments
about it, and the houses of the olden style,
give to the place
a peculiarly
English aspect.
On a beautiful square fronting the college stands
the
statue
of
considerably
in
appears
the
this
old
had
Lord
Botetourts,
mutilated,
the
the
still
of
day,
church [
been
colonial
presents
robe
flowing
English
of
one
it
his
Bruton] . . .
the
fine
a
with
had been
battle
and
governors;
of
specimen
a short
sword
occupied
as
though
sculpture.
He
by his side. . .
an
hospital. . . Into
of
gathered,
Williamsburg, great numbers of the
wounded and dying of the rebel
Those that survived the first few days
army...
were removed by our surgeons and officers to the college and other buildings
of the city. . .
There
after
were
in the college
In
other
Confederate
WILLIAM
great numbers of Confederate officers
and in the churches of the city. . .
of
the
Army,
College,
COLLEGE
QUARTERLY. . .
of J.
Bronson
to
R.
lying
soldiers,
I saw many officers and soldiers
attended mostly by our surgeons and nurses. . .
wards
AND MARY
Letter
and
Wm.
2nd
Series,
Surgeon
Dale,
J.
Vol.
General,
Head- Quarters,
Near
New
XVIII,
of the
316.
pp.
Mass.]
Army of the Potomac,
Hanover
Bridge,
Co.,
June
3d,
1862.
My Dear Sir
I
remained
charge
of
patients
them
the
on
within
in
Williamsburg
sick
my
the
and
hands
wounded
and
wills
but
of the
than
more
of
two
weeks
by
Union
the
Drs.
Allen &
order
of
Dr.
Tripler in
forces.
I had more than 400[?]
two Assistant
Surgeons
to help me,
but I brought
College & Seminary hospitals
and was enabled to
render them very comfortable.
At my own request
I
; to head quarters
ceed
was
in
relieved
Yorktown--
by
for
the
purpose
Post
of
of
New
inducing
York,
the
and proAuthorities
�5S'?.
to
the
close
that
Vest
War.
Civil
p.
Typed
'
so located
for
sick & wounded
The
my object.
hospitals
that
we
were
men:
. . .
I
men
to
was
the
evacuated,
were
unable
were
.. .
and
Historical
Its
Mansion:
and
requisite
are
Federal Provost Marshall of Williamsburg]
Cronon [
Edward
David
year,
the
sent down the York River.
The
for the reason that Williamsburg is very un-
once,
of
season
accomplish
to
enabled
at
hospitals
healthy [ at] this
get those supplies
Colonial
Dept.,
Research
ms.
Associations. . .
Romantic
Williamsburg,
in
the
American
Inc.]
26]
the
In
1862]
of the
afternoon
the
of
institution
of
building
college
departure-
Confederates
the
William
United
the
in
learning
of
day
September
9th
next
to Harvard
the oldest
Mary,
was discovered to be on fire.
States,
and
The flames rapidly destroyed the interior and by evening nothing remained
and tottering
bare
the
but
against
out massively
stood
ruins
picture of the barbarism of war.
Many of the men of the Fifty
the
building
the
and
windows
upper
of
the
from
western
enemy: . . .
used it as a
the
the smoking
street,
main
a most
twilight-
Cavalry,
Pennsylvania
impressive
had begun to regard
They claimed that the Confed-
the
frequently
sharpshooters
erate
from
outpost
an
as
Viewed
walls.
in
shelter
firing
skirmishes,
and killing and wounding a number of their
roof,
comrades.
At
all
of
few
it is now known
events,
and
rank
the
file
in
that it was
spirit
a
of
stealthily
and
retaliation
set on fire by a
revenge,
and without
the knowledge or approval of any commissioned officer.
After the war Congress passed a bill granting a liberal appropriation
the
toward
of
rebuilding
the
structure:
and thus the mortifying
incident
was
closed.
HERBERT
B.
ADAMS
COLLEGE
THE
OF
EDUCATION. . .(
of
the
Bureau
of
When
the
students
their
seen
civil
war
section
the
fact
of
that
No.
CONTRIBUTION
Printing
1- 1887) ,
TO
broke
it was but natural
the
out,
country.
ninety
per
HISTORY
OF
HIGHER
Circulars
of
Information
pages 61- 62.
AND MARY
southern
THE
Office,
OF WILLIAM
of a thoroughly
own
in
Government
Education,
DESTRUCTION
A
MARY:
AND
WILLIAM
Washington:
COLLEGE
institution
IN THE
CIVIL
WAR.
that the professors
should follow the fortunes
and
of
The intensity of feeling in those times
of the youth then pursuing a course
cent.
is
of
�590.
study at the college
Revolution
only
fifty
for
the
town
In the war of the American
Army.
of the students from William and Mary took arms
for
Except
Cornwallis,
interval,
short
a
during
the York-
the old college dontinued its courses
of in-
but in 1861 the outbreak of war at its very doors made further
work
scholastic
the
Confederate
cent.
per
independence.
against
campaign
struction;
of
of
cause
the
joined
impossible.
took
Everybody
so they fought.
republic,
As men felt in that great
arms.
crisis
The story of the destruction of William and Mary College shall be told in
from
extract
an
formed
the
by
fought
for
its
until
the
11
o'
United
the
In
by
day.
a
military
September,
the
United
debatable
the
site
of
"
The peninsula
occupied alternately
William
and
is its
Mary,
battles were
and terriffic
position,
1862,
States:
ground,
Williamsburg was held by a
Army,
but on the 9th of that month the place
force of Confederate
cavalry,
who held the city
Upon the evacuation by the rebel cavalry and
a body of stragglers from the United States forces,
and
library,
of
was
Williamsburg,
of the
troops,
our
Rivers
States
of that
disorderly,
with
ing,
key
occupied
and
clock
of
return
drunken,
York
possession.
of the
attacked
was
the
paint,
detachment
and
forces.
contending
strategic
document
government
a
James
the
by
fired
insubordinate,
and
destroyed
the
college
build-
furniture,
and other property therein beAfterward , during the War,
longing to the institution.
other houses and prodestroyed by Union soldiers."
perty of the college and connected therewith were
No less than five favorable
reports2 have been made, recommending congressapparatus,
1
ional relief to William and Mary College for losses sustained
as above described.
President Ewell appeared before the Committee of Education and Labor at various
times,
advocating
his worthy cause
1
House
Report
No.
2
House
Report
No.
House
Report
No.
Miscellaneous
13, 1874;
3, 1876;
5,
9,
42d
House
Report
Report
Congress,
No.
No.
No.
247,
2d
43d
vol.
Session,
1st
Congress,
i,
language.
29, 1872.
3, 1871;
January
March
i,
1872;
January 29,
Session,
vol.
iii,
1st Session, vol.
44th Congress,
2d Session, vol.
i,
45th Congress,
i,
203,
12,
House
April
March
December
1877.
IBID.,
p.
65.
General [ George
I
destruction
not
1,
2d Session,
vol.
9, / 12d Congress,
vol.
65, 41st Congress,
3d Session,
Document
House
in the most judicious
am
Gordon]
satisfied,
Meade
on
was the author
examination
of the following
the
facts
of
the
letter:
case,
that
the
of the buildings of William and Mary College by our troops was
unnecessary and unauthorized,
of useless
destruction
which
occur
in
only
of
but was
all
one
wars.. ."
of those
deplorable
acts
�591.
HISTORY
THE
1870,
OF THE
pp.
from
Extracts
grounds
of the 8th
would
be
last
the
the
of
of
return,
and
them
M.,
of
cry
that
to
1693,
at
the
time
of
the
and,
a
short
ten
o'
clock,
of
in which
College
three
United
contest,
A.
that
States
soldiers,
advised,
were
sisters
retired,
M.;
so
that about five
they did;
and advised to
fire,
on
being
This she did,
in great danger.
premises,
the College
lived
she
was
with United
and her
she
met
was not burned that day,
the next day, a
early
which
the
told
College
and extinguished
after
after
minutes
that
the
on the evening
she
water,
that
effect;
entered
of the College
of the Town:
She went out and found that the
bucket
a
boisterous;
was
on
alarmed,
was
she
fire:
that
to
cavalry
and Miss Mary T.
soon a crowd gathered
carrying
words
leave
to
she
after
that
leaving by
the College yard was crowded
the house
as
soon
resided
and
ten
and
they,
P.
clock,
or
Southern
drunk
were
unruly
o'
them
while
next,
the
of
one
she
one of them told her if the College
afterwards,
shortly
many
that
soldiers;
detachment
fire;
on
was
M.
Peyton
destruction
Garrett,
Magistrate
R.
house,
by the
September,
and
flames;
States
it
of
Building
College
FOUNDATION,
ITS
to the
Dr.
That
"
s
T.
Maria
in relation
before
taken
President'
in the
of Mrs.
depositions
deposes:
Southall
Miss
FROM
AND MARY
WILLIAM
OF
Williamsburg,
1862,
September,
the
the
of
both
Southall,
in
COLLEGE
52- 3.
a
was
and
ruin;
smoking
that
there
is
no
doubt
of
the destruction having been designedly effected by drunken United States soldiers."
Mrs.
Maria T.
Peyton deposes essentially to the same facts respecting the
fire on the 9th of September,
resulting in the burning down of the Building;
and
further
Col.
its
town
the
given."
that
of
to
buckets.
would
Col.
Smith
it
will
be
a
affiant
given
could
sober
and
to
had
he
" Do,
set
a
and
of
College,
from
Col.
there
had
College
on
was
been
or
fire,
and
begun."
has
a
of
William
suffer
you
fire;
Smith,
it
that
affiant
and
it
but that it was done by drunken
it
again
lost."
now
order
that
turned
be
cannot
no
replied,
for watt
College,
Mary
to
be
immed-
He
tnd
soldiers,
The
one.
rumor
would
to save the Building
drunken
save
of history if
the page
of putting out the
means
understood
him
destruction
drunken
one
try
sir,
by the capture
who,
orders
the
saw
the
sir,
told
such
on
no
the
" No
be now impossible
control
to
and
Cavalry,
affiant
See,
further,
men
distinctly
burn
not
"
Smith,
Col.
of the Post and the Regiment which was
replied:
the
after,
said:
stigma
" I have
replied:
He
Smith:
said
He
to
The
time
Col.
two
take
Lieut.
Pennsylvania
fired.
but that it would
had,
it
Fifth
be
short
said
iately
to
was
to
went
she
became the Commandant
garrison,
the
A
that
deposes
Campbell,
be
had
soldiers
for
He
saved."
been
whom he
control.*
At later periods of the war all the remaining houses on the College premises
and
the
enclosures
burned,
were
or
pulled
entirely
to
broken
open
robbed
pieces,
or
greatly
injured.
The vaults
in
attached
plates
to contain.
the
to
This
College
the
chapel
coffins,
desecration
were
and of whatever
was
checked,
as
is
and
of the
silver
else of value they were found
stated,
when
it
became
known
to the military commander.
These facts are fully substantiated by the affidavits of eye- witnesses.
It will require at least eighty thousand dollars to repair these losses
restore
the
College
to what
it
was
in
1860.
and
�592.
The College grounds and buildings not destroyed were held by the United
2,
to September,
1865,
for depots and for other
Army from May, 14)
States
purposes. . .
It
of
some
further
was
the
extinguishing
WILLIAM
Ms.
MARY
AND
Visitors
that while the College was burning,
Cavalry, a regiment said to have been raised in
the building, with drawn swords,
to prevent any
the flames.
by
eye- witnesses,
Pennsylvania
surrounded
Philadelphia,
attempt
declared
Fifth
Minutes.
RECORD
FROM
4th
Meeting
COLLEGE
held
in
to -
9
June
Oct.
1860
July
Richmond
26,
1861]
1902,.
p.
1863
To
9
Feby:
cash
paid for
burning
of
proofs
Va Fire & Insur:
WILLIAM
Beni
S.
MARY
AND
COLLEGE
carrying letter to
of College
Septr:
Wm.
H.
Macfarland
9th 1862
enclosing
to be laid
before
Co:
PAPERS,
Folder
99ms.
Ewell to Hugh Blair Grigsby ]
Buffalo
Springs
Oct 24th 1864
My Dear Sir
Since receiving your letter
in Georgia have been fearfully
the Raids of the Enemy
extended. . .
both in this State, &
in my opinion the future of the College depends on you more than on
any one
be kept
the
else,
this
too
whatever
the
result
enemies'
hands, &
on its
College
prosperous
&
of the
out
old
be thwarted
than
ever. . .
site
Should
a
of
this
all attempts
it will
conservative
war.
If
the
vouchers
in a reasonable
policy
be
time
followed &
funds, &
without
outside
aid.. .
of
be more
beginnings
sufficiently small be made the Buildings can be renewed without diminishing
the
can
to prevent the rebuilding
�593.
WILLIAM
T.
Henly
Va.,
AND MARY
COLLEGE
to
Jones
G.
Lyon
lst
QUARTERLY. . .
of
President
Tyler,
Vol.
series,
the
XI,
College,
April
My Dear Sir:
In reply to your inquiry in regard to the present
say that
can
only
I
had
always
know
the
fact
and
two
that
during
and
the
the
of
feet
them
be
to
College
the
walls of the College,
building in February, 1859,
the
those
of
the
in
the year
the ravages
resisted
thick.
of
The
College
1865]
was
original
of
the
rebuilt
I
structure.
mentioned,
above
fire,
upon
and
they being
those
walls
with General Magruder' s army in May,
When
April,
1862.
1865, nothing of this building remained save
these
same
walls,
the College having been again destroyed by fire applied by
of the
Federal
The present
College
soldiers
army. . .
building was. . . erected
the
upon
year.
I left
I returned in
destruction
then
walls
three
or
the
believed
burning
that
half
a
to
prior
heard
at
present
was
Williamsburg,
1901.]
July 29,
I
178.
p.
left
walls
Williamsburg
the
by
fires
of
and
1859
1862.
Please
do
not
infer
that
I mean to convey the impression that no part of the walls was destroyed;
such would not be true;
where they were damaged the apertures were small,
and the main walls were not materially effected.
.. .
WILLIAM
111
AND MARY
COLLEGE
RECORD -
July,
1860 -
June,
1902 -
MS.
VISITORS
MINUTES.
NOTE:
5,
The following
in
1865,
of wording
At
be
will
Convocation
a
rpport
the
almost
same
inserted
of
the
appears
words
in the FACULTY MINUTES
under date July
Change
s Minutes.
and text will not be given but once.]
here
of Visitors.. .
Visitor'
from
given
brackets -
in
Board
as
held in the City of Richmond.. .
on the 5th day of July 1865.
A. report
from the President
of the
College
was
read and ordered
to be recorded.-
Richmond July 5th 1865.
To the Board of Visitors and Governors of William and Mary College.
The following report of the general and financial condition of William and
Mary College is respectfully submitted for your information and consideration.
Since your last meeting
in this City in the fall of 1861,
the total susof
pension
all College exercises has rendered a convocation of your body uneven
necessary,
resume
your
Institution
in
whose
behalf
whose
had
it
important
been
government
your
The return
practicable.
duties
counsel
as
Visitors
you have
and
in
advice
and
the
are,
of peace
Governors
past
now
so
more
of the
wisely
than
enables
time
you to
honored
administered,
ever,
and
required,
as
well on account of the state of the Country as by reason of the losses which
have
been
sustained.
Not having
in
this
report
substantially
access
be
.. .
to all the records
some
correct
errors
in
its
especially
statements.
which have
of
dates,
been preserved
it
will
however
there may
be
found
�594.
in
Early
it
to
to
the
by
pended
their
a
as
the immediate
of
and
pending the battle [ of]
troops,
the Confederate
preservation.
the building
exercises,
first
as
a
barrack
and
was
then
and grounds were up to this time in
During the retreat of the Southern Army
much
Williamsburg,
used
being
by
was completed after the occupation
Gen:
College
the
authorities,
[ enclosures]
excellent
of
the
the
fuel,
as
enclosure
destruction
was
of
destroyed
the
enclosures
of the town by the United States Army
McClellan.
After
the
evacuation
Mrs. [
of
the
President,
and
house
sus-
by
it was so held until the evacuation of Williamsburg in May
an
state
of
suspension
the Military
May 5, 1862]
building enclosure
under
rendered
they were accordingly
and the very few remaining students advised to return
the
after
possession
hospital,
and
The
of active hostilities
exercises;
homes.
of
1862. [
proppect
College
the
continue
Faculty,
Immediately
taken
1861,
May,
impossible
Southall
Virginia]
retained
and family moved
the
until
it
spring
of
into the
The
1864.
Braf-
ferton was used as an office and quarters by the United States officer commandThe College building was a depot of commissary stores.
ing there.
the
On
9th of
of
command
the
1862,
September,
Col:
of
Shingler
a body of Confederate States Cavalry under
into
the town,
enCarolina penetrated
South
defeating the forces helding Williamsburg and the forts in the
countering &
and capturing
6o1:
Campbell the commanding officer
vicinity,
The town was evacuated
by the Confederate forces as early
A.
of
M.
the
the
Pa)
5th
same
which
the
constituted
the
garrison
entered
the
town,
as
I
have
been
of
the
apparatus
Books
a' 6lock
and under the excitement produced by their defeat and the
which
fired the College building.
they found,
whiskey
apparatus,
with
the Chemical
a. small portion of the Philo-
credibly
of a quantity
This was consumed
use
sophical
others.
10 [ 11]
Later in the day parties of the regiment of cavalry
day.
informed,
of]
with
as
and
furniture
the
saved
a
of
portion
the
of
Some
Library.
the
of [ Most
the
citizens,
by
The fire did not reach the upper
being conspicuous in the good work.
floor and roof of the Southern tower which with its scrolls and other appurwere
exertions
strenuous
ladies
tenances
Subsequent
uninjured.
remains
to this
all the out houses
in the
College yard excepting portions of the brick kitchens of the Brafferton and
President' s house were pulled down and carridd off the house occupied
by the
late Professor Morrison was burned and the woodwork of the Brafferton with
the exception of the roof and the floor of one room and the lower pas: aage
wLI s taken
off.
After a raid this spring by a detachment
defensive
Main
works
building
was
the
thrown
the
across
remaining
on
por
of
of Mosby' s command a line of
College
the
yard,
brick
of
which
the
kitchen[ kitchens]
walls
near
of
the
it,
part, some of the door ways
and windows
the whole being connected and,.
loopbeing bricked up
line of palisades,
flanked by a strong
extending across the two adjacent
roads,
and further defended at some points by Chevaux- de- frise.
The walls of the College building are apparently in as good condition as
warped and cracked.
The
in fact are less
they were after the fire of 1859;
altho:
in want of
occupied by Mr Harrell the Steward,
College Hotel still
the
Brafferton &
the
President'
s
and
repairs
has
not
been
injured.
house
formed
holed,
a
�595.
After
house
Mrs.
Southall and her family moved from Williamsburg the President' s
somewhat,
was
of
quarters
the
but
seriously injured.
there.
stationed
This
it
Most of the Philosophical
reasons.
of the
evacuation
still
tion.
place
Most
of
became
the
College
fessor Taliaferro
now
used
as
the
head
books
apparatus was in 1862 after the
the
it requires
from
saved
after an examination
in
stored
certain,
For its preservation
remains.
is
prevented my returning to
to do as soon as practicable as well for the
of the scattered property of the College as for
Williamsburg which I wished
collection and preservation
other
It
not
regiment
the
Asylum,
Lunatic
where
cleaning and other atten-
fire
are
there.
also
Pro-
thinks the most valuable part of the
The College is under great obligations to Dr Wager
Library has been saved.
the present superintendent of the Lunatic Asylum for his care of both books
and_ apparatus.
College
The
judge
can
as
are
to
have
all
made
when
Some
safe.
interest
great
been
and
value
preserved.
of
the
have
have
records
regret
I
to
been
the
evacuation
time
for
packing
to
leave
the
had
been
determined
in
fortunate
is known
in
the
the
Peninsuala
sending
the
away
bodies
the
of
chances
of the revolution
contest
unharmed,
then
of
property.
College
moveable
War.
on there
was
even
property,
such articles as could be,
It was remembered that during
of 1776 the College library and apparatus
and it was
hoped
that
it would not
be less
It is proper to state that so far as
authorities did not authorize the destruc-
pending.
States Military
College
unorganized
to
building
the United
of the
tion
others
destroyed.
The portraits
A full inventory of what has been saved will be
of the
and
rest
all the vicissitudes
remained
but
been
had it been possible to obtain transportation.
The only thing to be done was to distribute
and
preserved,
say
well
practicable.
After
not
of the property of this kind saved,
amounts,
as
thousand Dollars.
The Charter and seal of the
value
several
It was done principally if not entirely by
of soldiery.
The following is an approximate estimate of the losses in property sustained by the College during the war.
The
College
Value
of
Building & fixtures estimated at values
R. J. Morrison
building occupied by Prof:
Brafferton
including out buildings
President' s house [ including outbuildings]
Do Do
27: 000.
Frame
Damage
to
Injury
to
70, 000]
1: 500.
apparatus
1: 200.
apparatus
Library
2: 500.
Total
is
I
repeat
in specie
currency
it
before
was
[$
1: 600. .
1: 200.
Philosophical
This
57, 000]
3: 000.
Do
Enclosures
Chemical
[$
2: 000.
in
an
approximate
would
the
war.
estimate,
fully restore
[
Experience
but
I
40: 000.
believe
that
$40:
000 f70, 000]
the College to the condition in which
has proved the foregoing estimate to
be much
B.
too small by about $ 30, 000 dollars.S.
Ewell.]
During the fall of 1862, I visited the vicinity of Williamsburg three times
in the hope of entering the town under the protection of a flag of truee and
In this I was disappointed.
doing something towards securing the College property.
During one of these visits I got possession of and brought away a very valuable
piece of apparatus.
044
�596.
Enclosed
is
of the
Board
Body.
I
letter
which
intend
in
the
the
immediate
no
were
to
why
to
Joynes
it
for
Richmond,
of
enlargement
reason
which
the
attention
without
written
was
alluded
Mr.
by
to
me,
I did not
my knowledge.
removal of the College,
had not
the
thinking
it a subject
for the Board,
consider.
moved
it
see
to
to
and one from Professor Joynes to your
liberty to withhold that part of Mr. Joynes
at
have
broached
faculty,
If
to
Taliaferro
invited,
it
me;
report
an
of
to
refers
been
matter
not
Professor
respectfully
I do not feel
regret
this
from
letter
a
is
its
not
should
there
example,
of
sphere
begin
College.
a
as
would
be
but
If
this
fund
is
usefulness.
The
little
be
doubt
done
I
sufficient
In view of the
Faculty and defray other current expenses.
increased tuition fees the Professors salary might be reduced.
Before effecting the removal serious difficulties would be encountered.
to
support
the
A strong opposition would be made by the people of the tidewater counties
and
the
If this
of the
friends
commences
University.
is
there
Legislative
telling
no
where
action
would
it
would
be necessary.
It
stop.
is
believed
that money could be collected in the North by individual subscription to
nat elsewhere,
rebuild
the
College
in Williamsburg,
but
and it is thought
the
attempt
should
be
would
it
made.
to
removed,
If
longer
be
use
the
language
of one
of
Mary College."
body, "
It seems to me the reasons based on historic associations given by Professor Joynes for not transferring the fund apply as forcibly to a transfer
from its present site.
of the College
itself
While for several years the
a grammar
where
College
it is now could not be much beyond
school,
yet in
your
time
when
the
tide-
ho
water
perity may reasonably
region
William &
flourishes
be expected
as
I
to be as great
If it be determined to leave the
believe
it
will,
its
pros-
as it ever was if not greater.
Institution where
it is the funds would
not support the present number of Professors even if the Condition of the state
of the College buildings did not render the services of all of them unnecessary.
The organization of the Faculty must be preserved as it constitutes the
By retaining the services of two or three of the Professors to
Corporation.
teach in the preparatory department in WmsBurg and such students as may wish
to pursue Collegiate Studies for this purpose the buildings now there are sufficient
the
name
and
organization
of
the
Institution
would
be
continued
and
every essential condition satisfied.
The Professors not immediately employed might remain connected with the
College
heretofore,
as
their salaries being suspended and they in the mean
time being at liberty to engage in other pursuits.
Respectfully submitted
BEND:
S.
President
P.
S.
relative
in
this
without
It does not seem to me proper
to
the
report
the
to attempt
important
some
of
expression
EWELL.
Wm &
Mary College.
to give advice to the Visitors
of the College.
I have given
question of the removal
the most obvious reasons for & against
of
an
the
measure,
opinion.
Respectfully
Benja
S.
President
Ewell
Wm &
Mary
College.
�597.
IBID.,
42.
p.
July
Mr.
1865]
5,
Lyons
Moved. --
That
a
of
committee
five
be
appointed,
of which
the
Rt:
Revd:
Bishop Johns be chairman to inquire and report whether the College be rebuilt
at Williamsburg or not. . .
IBID.,
43- 44.
pp.
Meeting;
held
at
Judge
W.
W.
Crump'
s,
Richmond,
Thursday the 6th of July 1865]
06
Whereas the College building at Williamsburg was destroyed by fire on the
9th September 1862, and the Brafferton house is in a very delapidated condition
and large sums of money will be required to build and repair which cannot be
procured if at all for some time.. .
004
Resolved, -
That the President
and masters
or professors
be requested
to
repair the buildings of the College remaining and to rent such other buildings
as may be necessary
in Williamsburg
for the use of the College
and to resume
the College course as early as the 1st of October next if practicable.
THE
HISTORY
1870,
pp.
OF THE
COLLEGE
OF
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
FROM
ITS
FOUNDATION,
August
At a convocation
month
at
the
and
to
of
1693,
to
53- 4.
August,
usual
1865,
tune,
provide
and sufficient
of the Board of Visitors
Richmond,
in
it was
and Governors
determined
to repair some of the College
other
accommodations
temporary
necessary
arrangements
to re- open
buildings
for
the
1865]
held during the
the
College
for recitation
students.
This
was
rooms,
done,
made.
004
RECORD
Also
Report
at
a
BOOK
OF
WILLIAM
in Visitors
to
the
Meeting
Board
held
AND
MARY
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not
paged
Minutes]
in
of
Visitors &
the
City
of
Governors
Richmond-
of
the
August
College of William & Mary 1865.
2nd
�598.
Richmond
August
1st
1865
Gentlemen
July 6th 1865 " to do
protect & secure the College property and to report
necessary
I " may deem pertinent
to the next convocation whatever"
to the interests of
I proceeded soon after your adjournment
to Williamsburg.
the College"
This
I considered necessary,
as well to determine if any better disposition could
the
For
be
required
yet
for
the
to
injured
scattered
The
injury by
is
and
well
as
ferton
dows
the
would
College
in
habitable
good
as
property,
Buildings & grounds,
S.
U.
a
few
all
collect
been
Most
volume
the
Of
large
the
and
Records
containing
being
can
further
safely stored, & is
President' s house has been
not
but
little
The College Hotel needs for preservaThe
of
addition
walls
and
floors &
purposes.
sound & strong.
appearances
a
roof
few
of
the
doors
The walls
Braf-
and
win-
of the
in the College Library
are
secure.
A few are
pieces of Apparatus
known that one Book at least is missing.
The
costly
it
is
your proceedings
the late
gentleman,
destroyed
wantonly
by
next that now used was taken
Pettitt
William
Mr
from
stragglers
-
with
the
U.
whom
S.
The
military commandant at Williamsburg,
Genl
of the Buildings & grounds
Faculty in possession
is
the
saved.
of
missing.
nothing
for
Hotel,
is
From 2500 to 3000 books the most valuable perhaps
have
facts
the
excepting
for temporary
available
to
It
repairs.
The
to
authorities
property.
delay. . . . the
condition.
comfort
are
Military
the
condition.
it
render
Building
short
a
for
as
in
are
of
order
your
College
College
of the
possession
be done with
present
liable
tion
of
report.
the
in
with
complying
to
made
now
of
purpose
is
whatever
it
had
been
from the
deposited &
Garrison at Williamsburg.
Ludlow promises to put the
in the event the College
reopened.
Most of what follows relates to the question of moving the College
Williamsburg.
...
This
would
transfer
be
followed
by
of
losses
trifling
from
amount.
By an
grounds in
Williamsburg including the wqlls of the burnt Building are worth not less than
18, 000.
Remove the College &
they would not sell for more than 4000 Dolls;
an
absolute
loss of 14000 Dollars.
The " Matty" . . . fund which
the
causing
College may obtain " in trust"
because it is in Bruton Parish worth after paying all expenses of collection & c not less than $ 6000 could not be received.
This fund has been received & netts $
8470)
Nor would it be possible to
based
estimate
collect
the
asked
not
think
This
prices
amount
ought
covered
on
from
to
required
the
almost
is
to
but
charity
be made.
retrospect
from
before
given
to
the
war
the
rebuild & refit
the
justice
that
show
no
houses &
College
the
of the
the
College
North;
College
has
which
a
might
demand
again,
&
be
that
again
I
re-
and that it may do so again without
resorting to the extreme measure of removal.
As before mentioned the Buildings now standing are ample for temporary
purposes;
more
utter
commodious
prostration,
perhaps
than
could
be
obtained
elsewhere.
The
�599.
House
assigned
appropriated
to the President
to
Chemical &
the
Two good recitation
The College
Brafferton.
the
Steward'
tation
for
enough
might
with little
at
least
family
Should additional
could
be
almost
as
20
as
some
of its rooms
to be
and to the Library.
be prepared in the
expense
enough to furnish accommodation
Boarders &
floored;
students
many
for
Apparatus,
in
room be required
roofed, &
soon
enough
Hotel is large
and
s
Rooms.
Building
rooms
is large
Philosophical
but
were
in
addition
one
or
two
to
Reci-
one Wing of the Main
without
this
attendance
in
there
is
room
61.
1860-
There
is therefore no reason for a temporary removal which indeed could be looked
upon only as a prelude to a permanent one. . . .
From what I saw in Williamsburg it is as quiet and orderly as Richmond.
Most of the old citizens are returning.. .
President. ..
Benj . S. Ewell
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Meeting
held
in
COLLEGE
RECORD
Aug.
Richmond,
FROM
2,
4th July
1865
at
1860
to - June
" Ballard
26,
1902,
pp.
45- 52.
House".]
Mr Wise offered the following resolution which was unanimously adopted.
That the report of President
Resolved: and
adopted. . .". . .
Ewell now submitted
be approved
That shch of the buildings as are needed to carry out this
plan be immediately
repaired with strict
attention
to economy
and that measures
be initiated to collect funds for completely rebuilding and refitting the
College" . . .
and applied
And that a sum not exceeding One thousand dollars be appropriated
to repairs of the building.
WILLIAM
MARY
Letter
AND
from
COLLEGE
Benj .
Ewell
PAPERS,
to
Folder
Tazewell
99,
Ms.
Taylor -
Bursar]
Williamsburg August 29th 1865
It will be necessary for me to give an order on you for S25000 of the
C100000
after
appropriated
date -
30
for
days -
repairs
This
is
balance will soon be required
IBID.
tLetter
from
Benj .
S.
of
the
needed
Buildings -
for
I will make it payable
workmen, &
for
materials
-
The
to get ready for the opening of the Session. . .
Ewell
to
Tazewell
Taylor)
Williamsburg -
Sept
23d
1865 -
�600.
Enclosed
expenses
for
&
for
Faculty
of the
order
for
appropriations
enough
is
for
the
of
you
allows
least
at
Jan
for contingent
All
1st -
needed
is
such College
properly,
borrow $ 300000.
to
a little
to
Professors
additional
storing,
collecting &
authorising
repairs -
salaries
10000
1000000 & $
repairs $
latter
in
all
includes
This
the
is
at
of
once -
property
that
the
as is with-
200 for the latter item is probably nearer the truth. . .
reach - $
SOO
MARY
AND
0$' WILLIAM
BOOK
RECORD
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Not paged.
Session of 1865- 66]
Session
The
was
opened
one
week
the
after
time
prescribed
Law -
by
the
Buildings not being in condition sooner. . .
WILLIAM
Letter
H.
from
B.
FOLDER
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
AND MARY
Grigsby
to
S.
Benj.
99,
Ms.
Ewell]
Charlotte
When
WILLIAM
into the
get
you
AND MARY
President'
COLLEGE
RECORD
s
FROM
4th July
Bursar' s
1865
Nov]
14
WILLIAM
Letter
"
"
Ito
AND MARY
from
Benj.
cash
pd]
COLLEGE
S.
Collins &
PAPERS,
Ewell
to
I shall
House. . .
Tazewell
H.
strive to make you a visit. . .
to -
June
99,
for
stoves
are
the
ones
1902,
p.
59.
100
Taylor]
Dec 13th 1865 -
The houses
insured
your check for $ 6100 insurance. ..
President' s house I have not the Policies Reachy says
received
Brafferton, &
you have New
There are 18
411
has
26,
Ms.
Williamsburg Peachy
Virginia,
1865.
Report]
Heath
FOLDER
1860
C.
26,
October
can
students,
be, &
&
ought
about
to
be
obtained
32 Grammar
boys -
Shall
in
I apply attendance. . .
or will you. . .
�601.
Folder
IBID.,
100,
from
Letter
Ms.
to Mrs
Ewell
Benj .
S.
L.
Union
My Dear Lizzy
I am glad Beverly
cellar
ought
open
Hotel -
Place
succeeded
has
to be left
Scott]
E.
with
well
so
in cold weather
Y.
N.
ice
the
for the
Jan 4th 1868 -
City -
house. . .
cattle
but
The
shut
College
at night
I presume from your inquiry about the glads that Bev has used up all in the
10
14 boxes.
x
thus
10
x
glass.
there
not
was
will
as
12
made
There
to
Was
are
to
even
The
he
the
of
they
14 &
for
all
cut
the
smoke
by
Potts,
kitchen &
house?
or Mavnus[?]
c must
If
be
there
the front porch & a part of them
to close up the College
get Mavnus [?]
for bricklayers to work any more there
to
It is not worth while
can
be
windows
under
size
Beverly
might
outside
finish
to
slate
same
Tell
with.
x
sash
enough
there
some
finish
as
do
12
some
are
answer -
for the present whether they have finished or not. . .
It was
Paid
Jan.
Meeting
Faculty
out
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
RECORD
ordered
of
the
16,
That
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged
1868]
an account
Fund
Building
of M Dunegan
amount
three
for lime and
hundred
labor
be allowed
Dollars $ 30000
An account of the BuckingBam Slate Company for 133 Squares of Slate amountigg
to $
134830
Fund -
cost -
wholesale
Amount
thus
TUCKER- COLEMAN
MSS.
less
$ 26600 . . .
ordered to be paid out of the Building
ordered $ 108230
[
On deposit in Colonial Williamsburg Archives]
Williamsburg The
hundred
of
Bursar
Dollars
rubbish
is
for
requested
lime &
at William &
Dunnegan to pay M.
balance on work, taking
Mary
College
S30000
Benj,
S
Actg.
T.
P.
McCandlish
Sec.
of Faculty
Taylor
Bursar
16th
1868.
on order the sum of three
down
walls &
To be charged
President
Tho.
Jan
cleaning
to Building
Ewell
Wm &
Mary- College
cellar
Fund.
�602.•
WILLIAM
AND
NORFOLK
MARY
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
MORNING,
MONDAY
JOURNAL"
Folder
WILLIAM
AND
19.
JAN.
20,
MARY
1868.
COLLEGE.
We had an opportunity of visiting this venerable institution during the
and although
week,
past
of the
College
the
of
violence
in
the
civil
the halls of the College yet remain a painful monument
war,
the Professors were conducting the exercises of
The
hall.. .
Brafferton
spacious
fewness
of
the
number
of
pupils is not so favorable to the pecuniary interests of the College as we
could
but is more beneficial
wish,
to the pupils themselves. . .
We are gratified to learn that the most active measures have already been
for
taken
and
for
the
of
rebuilding
ready
been
cleaned
President'
house,
s
and
as
and
carried
the
as
soon
in
and
the
chapel,
and
more
the
timber
has
been
contracted
delivery;
and
arranged
expected;
is
slate
the
for work;
and the College made ready for the commencement of the annual
on,
session
The
edifice.
college
fallen
daily
a wing has been added to the
which will make it large enough to accommodate the professors;
weather will
permit, the building operations will be begun,
nearly
have
bricks
the
for
is
October
next.
while
and,
imposing,
The
we
plan for the
the strictest
new
founded
on
add,
may
main
building,
the laboratory,
economy,
will present
convenient
structure
than
a more
a fairer
the
recently destroyed.
BOOK
RECORD
Faculty
the
OF WILLIAM
Meeting
following
To
I
To
William
March
AND
MARY
12,
1868]
appropriations
for
Holmes
S.
1846- 1879],
were
the
slating
COLLEGE, [
made &
6428
ordered to be paid. . .
1860
College
Esq Insurance
Peachy -
Not paged.
810312
on College Buildings
Income
fund
006
To
Professor
Ewell]
For
to
Building Fund
Building
laborers - Building Fund
Pay
40000
30000
IBID.
At a meeting held the 10th April the Bursar was requested to pay Cook &
Treat
1111
for
lumber
delivered -
Building
Fund
30000
one
�603.
IBID.
At
a
19th
April
meeting
There
to
ordered
were
Treat
Cook &
for lumber
30000
S3500 & $
Fund
Building
$
33500
IBID.
At
a
May
meeting
Santus &
To
50000
cement,
percdntage
to Oliver
Davis
of Richmond
from
of payments
total
e14547
on
to
given
to
account
$
Building
at
this
for
for lime
Fund $ 737
Building
to
amounts
granite $ 4200
Fund directed
for
Building
Lumber
To same parties
subscription
which
Treat
Cook &
Fund -
Income
less
S14547
expended
sum
were
Brother $ 157
Fund,
Building
on
2nd Orders
138, 00 to be paid also
Fund,
Making for
Meeting
68000
Dollars.
IBID.
Report
of
the
for the
Faculty
1868
ending July 4th,
of William & Mary
July
Session
College
To
the
of
Board
Visitors &
3d 1868
Governors. . .
Gentlemen
consultation
deliberation &
After
it was determined
under the authority
conferred by you at your last convocation to provide for a full course of
instruction
the
matics
not
the
Matty" School and for some of the College
Grammar, & "
advanced
Grammar
taught
by
four
hours
a
day
School
Snead &
Professors
be
than
to
less
the
in
and
College
was
to be
in
Classes
McCandlish.
devoted
to
Latin &
It
actual
was
Greek
and
stipulated
teaching.
...
Classes;
Mathethat
About
10 per cent of their salaries was subscribed by these gentlemen to the Building
Fund.
For
employed. . .
elementary
instruction
in
the
English
branches
Mr
John
C.
King
In addition to 33 Grammar boys there were 20 College Students.
was
...
There is every probability now that in a short time the College Building
will be prepared for Students and it may be well to inquire what else is
necessary to bring the Institution up to its proper position and thus secure
for it a reasonable
share of Public patronage.
To fill existing vacancies
organization
such
a
is
suitable
choly appearance
as
essential,
edifice
to
if
remain
in the Faculty or to make an entirely new
not
moe
empty &
than the ruins did.
so
as
to
restore
the
Buildings.
deserted would present
...
Respectfully
Benj . S.
submitted
Ewell,
For
a more melan-
President. . .
�00
r
L
1
II
ii
I)
I! r
,
0
fi
F---
f
r
73.
x
11
I
Ir
4[
r
z
E- 4
(
I/
w
L
ll
T..
1
I.
i
IH
xi
n
i
it
9
pa
I
z
LU
IL
i
ir.
llI
q
0
0
b
L
709 aced
a;
zsodd0
�604.
IBID.
of the
Report
To
the
Committee . . .
July 3d 1868
of the
Building
Governors
Visitors &
of William &
College
Mary
Gentlemen
Early in July last the Building Committee appointed by you at your conof July 3d 1867 met,
organized,
elected Colonel Alfred L.
Rives,
Architect and took other necessary steps for commencing to rebuild the Main
and
College Edifice.
In August a general plan was presented & approved,
contracts
ordered.
for materials
The Plan &
Elevation accompany this report.
to furnish eight
The Building is so divided
Lecture
as
Commodious
a
Rooms;
chemical Laboratory;
two spacious rooms for Society Halls;
one
office;
working
consecrated
a suitable
and the time honored
Chapel,
The alLibrary Room:
most Unprecidented unhealthiness of last summer continuing till late in the
the
of the Spring;
Fall;
backwardness
the failure
of the Contractor
to furnish
of brick
work,
lumber;
and the quantity
so much greater than was expected,
combined to protract the work.
The principal part is now done.
There are
materials
or
enough on the ground,
contracted
for,
and for the most part paid
for to finish in a substantial manner the brick work,
flooring, roof, and windows.
The Committee authorised me to complete the North Wing provided I could
vocation
get the means without embarrassing the College Funds and or expending an undue
proportion of the Sum 10, 000 Dolls ordered by you to be appropriated for restoring
the Main Building.
This has been partly accomplished;
and in no way thereby
has the progress
Fit
or extent
for
rooms
the
of the work on other parts been interfered
Philosophical &
Chemical
apparatus
which
for want of a proper place to put it in are now nearly ready.
It was understood that the appropriation of 10, 000 Dolls
applied
of
the
from
to money derived from College
Bursar and was not intended
to
other
1st
include
"
Matty
subscriptions,
directed
Fund"
in
injured
by you
the
hands
or money obtained
is an exhibit
of the amount
expended
By the Bursar
To
M.
Dunegan
labor
Brick & Granite
for
Frames
Slate,
Buckingham
Lime &
Lime
300. 00
Arcade
Slate
M.
Co $
Co &
W.
Gallagher.
Sills,
Granite,
Broaddus
134830
Oliver
Lumber
Treat,
Cook, &
Pressed
brick,
Stringluff &
less
TOTAL
55. 00
$266
subscription
Davis.
Co $$1800
has,
Building
in
Joists
fund
Co ;;
Ewell
paid Professor
furnished by the Bursar
addition,
1082. 30
338. 00
42. 00
1435. 00
Co.
Tanner &
Bursar
296. 45
Santos & Brother
e
Window
and
Stringluff &
Window
The
the
with.
been
and by this understanding the- Committee has been guided.
sources;
The following
and
Funds
has
for
roof
31767
335. 67
3884. 42
4100. 00
7984. 42
�605.
2nd
By Professor Ewell has been paid
of Architect
Services
Dunegan
M.
Labor &
Sand
A
232. 00
down
taking
miscellaneous
24000
Nails
90. 00
Brother
Lime &
70. 00
workmen
570. 00
172. 75
438. 42
100.
c $
00
Bricklayers
987A2
Laborers $ 47187
to
Lumber-
others
Carpenters,
lumber
inspecting
Lindsey cash advanced
Hauling
Travelling expenses
Santos &
243. 00
558. 91
205. 20
sundries
paints &
Fenton &
671. 00
sundries
31821
sundries
Brick,
John
B
walls &
purposes
Freight &
Cox
Lytle &
towers
Black
A.
Slate $ 4000
Ordway
140. 00
1886. 90
89950
519. 62
smithing $ 4775
5798. 34
Cost
Of
this
of work &
amount
unexpended
of the
balance
cost
money advanced
The
total
Of
nett
this
is
of
of work
and
this
for
Expended
on
of
is
10, 000
therefore
$
Dolls.
58
2015.
The
remainder
was paid by Nett subscriptions
S774 80
$ 923 54 which amount is now due him
in
and
money
materials
to $ 3060. 00
amounts
due
500. 00
by
for
crediting accounts
in College yard
Buildings
Main
The
Ewell
Professor
still
Accounted
76)
9682. 76
Building
appropriation
appropriation
donw ($ 9682
by
Main
from the
subscriptions
is
on
materials
S7984
441. 00
1344. 20
774. 80
materials
$
Building
S3060. 00
Additional
subscriptions have been promised after the elections next Fall.
the Building will require $5000 more.
This may be done
at once or by room after
be deemed
room as may
best.
To fit up the Brafferton
for a dwelling with the necessary outhouses
will
take $ 6000 more.
The Com-
To
finish
mittee
and
furnish
that
recommends
discretionary
that you direct
object;
needed
its
appointment
be
power to finish the Building
a further
appropriation
renewed,
or
a new
one
selected
with
so soon as it may appear expedient;
of not less than 2500 Dolls
for this
and that you authorize the Committee to get as much more as may be
or otherwise,
provided the College Funds be thereby in
by borrowing,
no way embarrassed.
Respectfully
Benj .
S.
submitted
Ewell
President . . .
IBID.
Meeting
The
of the Faculty
accounts
and
July 5th 1868
vouchers
of President
Benj .
S.
Ewell
for
expenditures
on
�606.
College
Building, Out Building & Enclosures in College Yard & for contingent
expenses to July 1st 1868 were examined approved and the balance of nine
hundred & twenty dollars & fifty four cents $ 923. 54 due him allowed and ordered
to be paid as soon as the condition of the Funds will allow.
Statement
Buildings
To
cash
Account
July
1st
Sept
Enclosures
Expended
of
1792. 90
Main
on
5798. 34
Building
Prof:
Benj . S. Ewell for disbursements
to July 1st 1868
1867 -
28th
Oct,
and
of Expenditures. --
of Building Fund from
Nov.
to
Dec
28th
To
Dec/ 67 &)
)
Feby/ 68
Jany.
cash
To
"
col.
pd
"
A.
L.
Architect
Rives -
Mr Donnegan
for taking
232. 00
down
Towers
To
"
"
"
"
To
"
"
"
To
"
"[
Int.
brick, &c
cleaning
67
Oct
hauling,
Landing Slate
cash
Labor,
pd]
Dec
To "
to
Griffin
R.
for
cash
for
sand
& brick
106. 54
Timber
243. 00
purposes
To
240.
Freight & labor
255. 00
storing,
Brick,
Miscellaneous
Nov &
310. 00
walls,
at
wharf
318. 91
May &
June
To
A.
May &
June
To
cash
Lytle&
lumber &
67
Nov
for
pd
nails
To
Feby.
To
Prof:
cash "
for
I.
cash "
Snead &
hauling
F. Bowery,
Prof:
Ewell
June.
To
cash
To
cash
for
Lee
June
A.
1st
Major
to
Bacon
R.
Bowery &)
account
of
172. 75
Fenton.
Waddell &
Santos &
Ordway
570. 00
on
to
Lumber
70. 00
workmen
Expenses
Travelling
July
Sundries
paints &
To cash pd Mr Lindsay for money advanced
Oct:
May &
205. 20
90. 00
c
to
From
558. 91
Cox for Brick- Inspecting
Durfey &
Cols
Sawyers
Brothers $ 100.
for
438. 42
To
Slating
140. 00
To cash to Carpenters to date 987. 40,
Bricklayers
II
To
"
"
Laborers
411. 87
Total
To
899. 50
from
Blacksmithing &
Apr
1886. 90
10th
sundries
47, 75
Disbursements
cash
pd:
out
on
account
By
cash
from
By
cash &
By Bal due
of
of
Subscription
Out
materials
Prof:
Fund
Buildings &
Bursar - (
Building
519. 62
5798. 34
1344 . 20
c
Fund)
4100. 00
2119. 00
Subscriptions Ewell
923. 54
7142.
Account
Out
of Prof:
Buildings &
Ben
S.
Ewell for disbursements
Enclosures in College Yard.
on account
of
54
$, 7142. 54
�607.
To
273. 99
Bricklayers
Part
work ( Workmen
Carpenters
452. 25
378. 67
Coll)
Laborers
171. 73
Lumber
for
Mr Marnix
30. 00
Slating
Brothers ",: 8. 17 & $
Santos &
Freight,
Hauling.
186. 13
274. 30
211. 96
nails & c.
TOTAL
1792. 90
358. 70
By
from
6ash
"
Income
Fund
Jno
By
Armistead
R.
90. 00
1344. 20
1792. 90
Subscriptions
"
At a meeting of the College Faculty July 8th 1868
Whereas
he
it
from
appears
2
paid $ 7984 !
Bursars
the
of the $ 10, 000
report
ordered
that,
the
by
previous to July 1st 1868,
for rebuilding the
Visitors...
of $
balance
2015 58 2015 58 be paid by the Bursar to Professor
Ewell for the purpose of settling outstanding bills and doing any further
work that may be found practicable.
College
Edifice
Resolved-
leaging
this
That
a
of $
balance
IBID
Faculty
At
a
minutes
meeting
for
of
10,
July
the
1868]
Faculty
held
10th
July,
It
1868,
was.
Resolved
That
because of the unfinished condition of the Main College Building and in the
exercise of the descretion vested in the Faculty by the Board of Visitors and
Governors
it is deemed best for the
interest
of the Institution
the exercises of the Collegiate Department for the present
continue those of the Grammar and Matty School.
WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
FOLDER
100,
WILLIAM
Newspaper
AND MARY
the
Editor
of
the
Whigs
Session
and to
clipping.
COLLEGE.
WILLIAMSBURG,
To
to suspend
September
16,
1868.
�608.
The close of the war found the college penniless and without productive
funds;
the
of
heaps
college
be
opened,
necessary
July,
1868,
were
Under
on
such
for
immediate
the
circumstances,
limited
a
and such repairs
found
buildings,
for the most part,
and occupancy of the United States
in the possession
exercises
its
waste;
repulsive
authorities. . .
military
to
a
grounds
ruins,
to
scale
be
met. . .
directed
a Preparatory Department
least injured as might be
of the buildings
For three
purposes.. .
Visitors
begun,
up
years,
to
the
4th
of
an average of sixty- five students and grammar boys per session
admitted. . .
In
1867. . .
July,
the Visitors directed that the work of rebuilding be
commenced and prosecuted as rapidly as the state of the finances would
allow.
The
than
main
it
ever
fourths
college
done.
be
finished
did,
In
and
edifice,
a
few
ready
is
done
towards
a more
and
respects,
the
summer
library,
that
than
extensive
all
by
The
attractive
in
certainly
students.
larger
is
philosophicalapparatus
presenting
convenient
months,
for
accessions,
receiving
and
suitable
of any
BENJ.
RECORD
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
AND
December
16th
that
sum
of
laborers
and
Mechanics,
the
of
1868 -
It
MARY
COLLEGE, [
S.
of
it
1869,
will
which is constantly
in
college
valuable. . .
no unpaid debt has been
rebuilding,
appearance
is fully three-
In
all
the
that
State.
has
The
been
contracted. . .
EWELL
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
was
Ordered
Seal
the
Note
WILLIAM
The
the
affixed,
of
hundred
given
for
Mr
COLLEGE
William
Dollars
paid by
the
buildings
prepared
are
by the first
Linde say,
for
hire
of
amount,
signed by the President and the
to date from Sept 9th 1868 -
Lindesay.
PAPERS,
FOLDER
and Mary,
in
UNION
now
printed.
Virginia --
considerably
of the next
100,
PLACE
Tuesday,
To the Editor of the New' York Times:
The
John
be acknowledged as a debt of the College and that
College,
be
AND MARY
College
five
HOTEIJ,
Jan.
more
collegiate
5,
than
Application
for Aid.
NEW- YORK,)
1869.
half
finished,
term. . .
BENJ.
S.
and may be fully
EWELL,
�609. .
WILLIAM
The
AND
MARX COLLEGE
Church
Journal,"
PAPERS,
Folder 19.
13,
Jan.
1869]
VIRGINIA
It may be well to add that the buildings of the college have been partially
About
restored.
one—
fourth
of
the work
be
to
remains
done.
The
Institution
will go into full operation in a few months if the President can get four or
five thousand dollars in New York City.
IBID.,
Folder
100,
from
Letter
Mss.
Benj .
Ewell
to
Mrs.
L.
New
Tell
College
ought
THE
to
Beverly
to
push
BIRGINIA
on
go
Tell
premises.
him
his
in
about
for
Lively,
A.
WM. &
York,
own
R.
GAZETTE,
Scott]
the
that
MARY
garden &
1869]
the
about
way
ed.,
16,
Jan.
draining
Posts
along &
E.
S.
farm &
Pond.
yard
also
about
The grubbing
ought
Williamsburg:
to
be
Beverly
cut &
February
the
seasoned. . .
18,
1869.
COLLEGE.
The buildings of this College were destroyed by fire during the war while
Williamsburg
acts
of
Washingtc ;,
Bonner,
rebuilding
opening of
Through
have
a
to
to
the
New
They
the next
the
by
occur
in
others
them.
advanced
visit
tance
which
of Messrs.
and
and
occupied
was
violence
the
now
complete
this
Federal
all
wars.
Stewart,
troops.
It was one of those useless
Through the aid of some gentlemen
W.
E.
Dodge,
A.
Belmont,
in
Robert
a beginning was made last year of the work of
than
more
provided
present
North,
T.
York,
indefatigable
to
in
A.
are
term,
the
half
additional
exertions
degree
of
done,
and may be ready for the
funds can be procured. . . .
of President
completion.
Ewell,
the College buildings
He has just returned from
where he. has been on a visit endeavoring to obtain assist
Institution. . .
�610.•
IBID.,
March
William
and
buildings
Col.
are
Ewell,
rebuilt
College
Mary
covered- in,
done
has
under
be
shall
1869.
4,
his
ready
is
the
half
than
more
completed.
The
entire
one wing of the College building is completed.
Twice
well.
has
and
tact
superior
by
now
this
of the
opening
venerable
management.
next
The
Institution
been
College,
says,
he
for the usual Collegiate
session,
Exercises.
Everyone
their
must
donations
RECORD
March
BOOK
16th
OF
see
to
that
the
necessity
College.
the
AND MARY
WILLIAM
exists,
for paying
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
up speedily
Not paged,
1869
Resolved.
That
Colonel
Edgar
B Montague,
and
Professor
Thomas
P McCandlish,
be appointed agents of the College with especial authority to collect Funds for
building. . . It is that the College, owing to its financial condition can pay
nothing
for
expenses
incurred
beyond
the
amount
collected.
IBID.
April 13th
It
was
1869
ordered.
That William S. Peachy,
Esq. agent of the MutuLl Insurance Company be
paid the sum of two hundred and forty Dolls ( S240) for the Insurance of the
Main College Building in this Company.
THE
VIRGINIA
April
15,
GAZETTE-
Vol.
XII,
No.
Donations
This
the
soon
Institution
people,
We take
of those
be
13,
R.
A
Lively,
ed.,
Williamsburg,
1869.
who
of learning
to
William &
still
holds
Mary.
position
in the affections
of
irrespective of political parties or geographical dividing lines. --pleasure
have
inferior
in
lately
to
none
honorable
making
made
in
donations
the
State.
mention
to
the
at
the
Library,
request
which
we
of. . . Mr.
hope
Ewell.,
will
�611:
Those of the city of New York are:
Harper
A.
Bros.,
Van
Evenie &
Philadelphia:
The
Earle
Cambridge,
Southern
RECORD
April
D.
and
of
Darby
R.
Appleton &
Charles
England,
Thompson,
Co.,
D.
Scribner &
Van
Estrand,
Co.
Co.
Ro.
Esq. (
L.
Messenger,
and
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
the
while
Potts,
A. M.,
Esq.,
in England)
celebrated
COLLEGE, [
Murray
of Trinity College,
formerly editor of
Publishers,
1847- 1879],
England.
Not paged.
18th 1869.
Resolved,
S.
Barnes,
Lippincott &
of
Jr
J.
Horton,
the
That
thanks
of
the
Faculty
be
to
presented
Savage,
now residing in New York for his donation
valuable books to the College Library.
the
Rev.
of interesting
Thomas
and
IBID.
April
28th
Resolved.
1869
That the Thanks of the Faculty be presented to
D.
Appleton,
Scribner,
Harper,
D.
Van
and Co -
and
Co.
and Brothers
Nostrand,
Van
Errie,
and
A.
and
S.
Horton,
and Co
Barnes,
Publishers,
of New York City
Publishers,
of Philadelphia
Lippincott,
Brown,
and Brother
Little,
Publishers
of
Publishers
of Baltimore —
and
Co.
Boston
and
to
J.
Murphy,
and
Co.
for their liberal donations of valuable books to
the College Library
WILLIAM
AND
Photostat. [
MARY
COLLEGE
Letter
from
PAPERS,
J.
W.
FOLDER 128- B
Turner
to
his
mother,
Williamsburg,
Mrs.
Va.,
George
Turner.]
May 24. [ 1869]
�612;
I will
Send
father
Catalogue
History &
a
of
the
College.. . Of the
61
names given as Students for the session 31 belong to the Grammar School &
marked
are
thus
4- . ..
IBID.
Notebook
of Dr. Garrett - "
Notes on Psysiology- 1866" have written letters and compositions]
Letter
to
Maud [ ?
]
in which his daughters
from Mary Garrett]
Williamsburg,
May 29th 1869
My dear Maud,
To
give
which
you
at
a
been
having,
William,
and
of the
a4cademy:
on
are
side
Mary,
have
been
is the
Williamsburg;
of the
side
by
and
read
trees;
thined
of
name
street;
main
shaded
walks,
but
this
ffieid
each
of
I will
out,
the
College,
faced
which
about
on
situated,
at
the
ter-
which
a
distance,
miles
by the
they are situated, there
were
or/
iginally, in an unbroken ree
they are now scatered, in groups on
street,
untill
is just being renewed;
Williamsburg; The
of
is
at
at the College,
commence,
opening of the town,
this building
when
the yankeyes took possession
burned,
mination
row;
description,
the
stands
the side of the walk.
IBID.,
Folder
REPORT
OF
THE
52- A
BUILDING
TO THE
COMMITTEE. ..
VISITORS &
GOVERNORS.
June
28,
1869]*
Gentlemen
The appropriation of 10, 000 Dolls ordered by you in July 1867 for building
exhausted
purposes was entirely
by August 1868;
what course to pursue whether to continue the
thought you had indirectly given,
or to
suspend
when it became
a question
work on the authority it was
entirely.
The
Committee
decided to adopt the former course.
The
weeks
time,
There
Thus
up
From
July
Main
College
Edifice
is
now
essentially
finished,
and
can,
in four
be fully prepared for students.
has been paid for materials and work to date
July 1868, See report of that date $ 9682. 76
to.
1868
to
July 1869.
See
account.. .
$
7321. 92
17004. 68
17004. 68
170Q4A8
�613. .
Of
this
the
Bursar
has
from
paid
the
College &
Fund-
Matty
to May 1869
13, 000
Subscriptions
have
Cash
by
Of
advanced
been
obtained
and
me
due
now
amount $ 17004. 68 expended,
such
as
preparations for building,
towers;
rubbish &
removing
Dolls
2, 004. 80 Dolls.
1, 999. 88
this
the
to $
amounting
c;
17004. 68
there was paid for salary of Architect;
taking down
travelling
the
old
walls,
where
and other
expenses,
necessary
items,
not fairly chargeable to the construction about 2500 Dolls.
This
for
gives
The
unpaid
and
the
amount
cost
paid
to
accounts
actual
on
date
at
are
of work
Thus,
yet to be done
present estimates,
according to
round
14, 504. 68
construction
least
3, 000
will
be
2, 400
numbers
The
In
the
building
will
20, 000
obtained
subscriptions
since
1868
reach
cash
Of
of
expense
the
of
sum
be,
in
Dolls.
5839. 00
3, 299. 00
this $
2004. 80 were expended on Main building)
and $ 1294. 2In Materials
on outbuildings
and
In
Professional
Machinery
640. 00
Books
In
in the College Yard)
1400. 00
Legal
services-
Subscription
of Mr W.
Subscription
of
W.
Vest
Faculty paid
150. 00
to
paid
to
Bursar
$
100. 00
Bursar
250. 00
5839. 00
5839. 00
The Committee feel that the cost of reconstruction is greater than was expected.
The
original
extimate
judgment
and
the
increased
soon
supposed
would
of
any
rooms,
is,
as
arched
a
old
story
some
brick
Dols,
the
work
walls,
was
laid.
were
Corridor,
and
two
contains
formerly, in the
doorway- 15 by 18
working
whose
taste,
thought
double
to
what
was
skill
This was
which
he
and Philosophical
be
safe,
estimated
were found not
for.
Not
Indeed it is next to impossible to estimate,
the cost of repairing and restoring old work.
the first story of the Building contains three large lecture
accuracy,
divided,
the
2nd
Rives,
of
of
with
the
L.
furniture
less
now
Alfred
that
quantity
than 400, 000 bricks
As
Col.
and the Chemical
were not included.
the
so
2000
about
require
and supplying
Owing to the fact
be
Architect,
Committee gratefully
acknowledge,
was
15, 000 Dolls.
to 17, 000 Dolls.
The cost of fitting up the
Library,
rooms,
to
the
Laboratory
a
Library 40 by 28
lecture
good
South
feet,
and
rooms
two
with a Pitch of 30 feet.
The Chapel
Society Halls.
and communicates with the Library by a large
The basement of the North Wing is divided into
Lecture room;
and in the upper part of this wing
wing,
feet.
and
a
are the lecture and apparatus rooms for Chemistry and Natural Philosophy.
The
Committee
think
the
expenditures
on
the
Library
room
judicious;
the
surest way of securing a good Library being to have good accommodations. . .
The Committee think further that an outlay of 2 or 3 hundred Dolls on the
President'
Brafferton
s
House
be
and
repaired
the
College
for
a
Hotel
Professor'
is
s
They recommend
necessary
residence,
as
it was
before
that the
the
war,
and
that a suitable house for the Grammar and Matty School be erected on the Palace
Lot when practicable.
Respectfully submitted for the Committee
by
See
pages
and
a& 617
for
similar
Benj.
S.
account
Ewell
dated
July 3d,
1869.
�614..
RECORD
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
Statement
Cash
To
Account
of
expended
of
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Not paged.
July, 1869]
Meeting,
Faculty
AND MARY
Expenditures.
Main
on
building $ 7321. 92
Benj
professor
S.
Ewell
for disbursements
of building
fund:' from
July lst 1868 to July 1st 1869.
To Cash Freight
July 1868 to April 1869 and
To Cash,
M. W.
Broaddus,
Cupulo,
July & August 1868 A. &
C.
To Cash,
M.
A.
Paints
Santos,
July to Dec. 1868 A.
Ordway, slating
Aug'/ 68 to Feby'/ 69 - To Cash.
Vest & Hansford,
68 & Feby'/ 69 Sundries July '/
Nov. '/
69 To Cash. J. T. Bowman, Fenton & Albt Brooks
July '/ 68 to Feby'/ 69 - Santos & Bros. materials
68
Sept.'/
Drs Morris &
Henley - Brick
68 to July '/ 69. Mechanic & attending
Laborers
July '/
68 -
Sept'/
Blacksmith'
s
69 -
Taylor
May '/ 69 March '/ 69
Slater,
to
680. 00
282. 09
30. 00
1047. 45
25. 00
3506. 49
July '/ 69 -
Carpenters
Cash,
tray.
221. 40
expenses
467. 48
Hardware
Santos & Bro -
P.
111/
Co -
Martin &
69 -
June '/
169. 83
c
21. 66
68 Baker Bros & Co Glass & transportation &
68 to '/ 69 Laborers sundry work
July '/
March &
&
275. 15
333. 50
windows
bill
Oct. '/
May '/
five
34. 60
Lumber &
50. 00
c
work
77. 27
Edloe
100. 00
Total ---
WILLIAM
Faculty
AND
MARY
Accounts &
to
July 1869 -
allowed,
will
as
the
were
due
him,
FOLDER
56,
Ms.
1 July 1869]
Faculty,
vouchers
on
expenditures
PAPERS,
Extract,
of
Proceedings
The
COLLEGE
Minutes,
7321. 92
of
College
examined
July 1st 1869, the
of
President
the
College,
building, & for contingent
and
approved;
and
the
Benj
S.
Ewell,
for
Expenses from July 1868
balance
of $ 1076. 34 -
was
and ordered to be paid when the condition of the funds
allow. . .
Richd
A.
Wise
Secty of Faculty.
WILLIAM
Ms.
AND MARY
Visitors
COLLEGE
Minutes.
RECORD
Meeting
FROM 4th
held
July
1860
in Richmond
to -
2
June
26,
July 1869]
1902,
p.
86.
�615.
iResolved:
That the Faculty be authorized to draw upon the Bursar for Five
thousand dollars to complete the College buildings.
RECORD
BOOK
Annual
Report
OF WILLIAM
to
the
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
of Visitors. . .
Board
Not paged.
July 3d 1869.
Gentlemen
The
tion
conferred
authority
by you in July
the " Grammar and Matty" School,
and
in
might
as
deemed
be
just
terminated;
Jun.
of
Academic
state
of the
the
and
the
exercised,
Exercises.
This
Buildings;
of
saving
to
of
School,
the
and
Thomas
J.
Stubbs,
suspension
of all
taking into view the unfinished
of a very small number of Students;
suspension,
the probability
expense
appointment
College,
the
it
was,
is
believed,
right
and
While it is to be regretted that the College was deprived of the
proper.
valuable
for
to
was assumed
by the
of the
Mastership
was
Gloucester
other
to provide for full instrucfor as much of the College Course
to extend to the Session which has
expedientand
1867 -
of
services
his
management
the
In
important
attention
must
its
average
usual
exceed,
Professors
of
and
be
the
to
McCandlish.. .
forty Scholars. . .
the Faculty,
now to
of
reduction
5500
credit
is due Mr Stubbs,
He taught
8000
reach,
and.
reorganizing
the
about
was
may not
of
work
given
Snead,
School.
Dolls.
the
Now,
Dolls.
College
if
even
be
done,
Before
Income.
collected,
it
due
186_
cannot
. . .
The Library has been increased by taluable donations from Van Ervie,
Co.
Scribner, &
Co.
and
the
Philadelphia;
Co.
Rev.
and
not less than
1200
D.
Appleton, &
Thomas
S.
Brown,
Little,
Savage,
&
Co.
all
Co.
Harper, &
of New
of
Brothers,
Ymrk;
Boston,
A.
J.
Lippincott, &
Barnes,
Co.
of
worth at Publishers prices
Dollars.
The Palace lot would make an excellent site for the Grammar School.
answer,
as my experience for the last four years has convinced me,
It will
not
to
the
have
School
and
College
Exercises
conducted
the
in
Same,
or
in
contiguous
buildings.
Before concluding I must congratulate you on the general satisfaction
your action in relation to
Alumni,
as
to the citizens
the
of
College
and
this
has
given;
other
as well
States,
to ' host
of its
familiar with its History.
With an expenditure of its endowment not exceeding 8000 Dolls you have restored
it to
a
condition
patronage.
The work
incomplete.
of
in
which,
it
was
before
the
be
better
enclosed.
the
Palace
an
is
acceptable
Faculty,
it will
soon
command
not
yet finished.
That of rebuilding is yet
The Brafferton ought to be fitted up for a Professor' s residence
reconstruction
sides,
as
with
War.
The
College
grounds
should
in
the
rear,
and on the
A commodious school house should be erected on
Lot.
Respectfully
Benj . S.
submitted
Ewell
President.. .
�616.
IBID.,
Also
Report
of
in
the
Visitors
Minutes,
Committee
Building
83- 85.
pp.
to
the
of
Board
and
Visitors
Governors,
dated
July 3d 1869. *
Gentlemen
The
appropriation
was
of 10, 000 Dolls ordered by you in July 1867 for building purposes
by August 1868;
when it became a question what course to
exhausted
entirely
whether to continue the work on the authority it was thought you had
pursue -
indirectly
former
suspend
to
or
given,
The
entirely.
committee
decided
to
adopt
the
course.
In this decision all of your Body there was an opportunity of consultigg,
concurred;
Edifice
the
with
is
now
to
advice
borrow
essentially
for students.
has been paid for materials
see
report
up to July 1868 1868 to July 1869 see
July
if
money
finished,
and
The
necessary.
in
can,
four
Main
time,
weeks
College
be fully
prepared
There
Thus
From
Of this
the Bursar
Fundy -
Subscriptions
Of
the
by
me
the
to
in
round
The
2500
date
this
004.
682.
321.
004.
68
76
92
68
2, 004. 80
1, 999. 88
17, 004. 68
there
as
was paid for salary
down
taking
expenses
the
towers, &
and other ittams
of Architect;
defective
not fairly
walls,
chargeable
This gives for paid cost of building
The unpaid accounts to date are not less than 3000 Dolls.
yet
to
be
to
sum
20. 000
numbers
to
amounting
Dolls.
this
Add
Dolls -
of
due
now
about
of work
cost
5400
or
and
14504. 68 Dolls
date
to
17,
S 9,
7,
17,
date
13, 000. 00
obtained
building, such
& c;
travelling
removing
to the construction
and
to
date -
1869
May
been
for
rubbish
work
that
account
17004. 68, expended,
amount, $
preparations
of
has paid from the Matty and College
to
have
advanced
Cash
and
done
already
Dollars,
as
obtained
subscriptions
will
be
paid - $
the total
1868
since
2400
Dolls - which together amount
14504 68 and it gives $ 19904 68,
reach
cost of rebuilding
the
of.
sum
the College.
( corrected)
4839. 00
cash -
In
Of
this
and $
labor &
$1004.
1294. 20
materials.
2299. 00
$
(
corrected)
80 were expended on the Main Building) Part of these cash payments
on
in
outbuildings
the
College
yard
)
were made by crediting
with
In
materials
In
In
Professional
machinery -
1400. 00
Services,
Subscription
of Mr
Subscription
of
This
This
The
skill
was
soon
in
paid
to
Bursar
to
100.
Bursar
original
estimate
judgment
increased
to
the
of
the
Committee
17, 000
00
250. 00
Report)
4839. 00
feel that the cost of reconstruction
original
and
150. 00
Legal
Vest,
W.
Faculty - paid
The Committee
taste,
W.
overestimated
Total
expected.
accounts
subscribed.
640. 00
Books.
- &
amount
Architect
gratefully
The cost
Dolls.
Col.
is greater than was
Alfred
L.
Rives,
whose
acknowledged,
was
15, 000
of
the
Library,
fitting
up
Dolls.
�617.
which
he
that
of
of
about
require
2, 000
and
Dolls,
the
Chemical
and
Philo-
and supplying furniture were not included owing to the fact
of the walls supposed to be safe were found not to be so the quantity
Rooms;
some
brick
work
Building
it
what
next
is
to
estimated
was
impossible
restoring old work.
three large lecture
and
repairing
double
was
Indeed
laid.
would
supposed
sophical
contains
to
for.
Not
less
than
400, 000
were
with any accuracy the cost
As now divided the first story of the
estimate,
the
rooms,
old
Corridor,
and <+
Library
40 by 28 feet with a Pitch of 30 feet.
The
by
The second Story contains two good Lecture rooms and two Society Halls.
in the South wing,
is, as formerly,
and communicates with the Library
arched
large
doorway 15 by 18 feet.
The basement of the North Wing is
Chapel
a.
divided
into
a
Laboratory
Chemical
working
and
Lecture
a
and
room;
in
the
upper part of this wing are the lecture and apparus rooms for Chemistry and
Natural Philosophy.
The
Committee
the
think
expenditures
the
on
Library
the
judicious;
room
surest mode of securing a good Library being to have good accommodations.
Those inclined to give are encouraged when they see their gifts will bd
well
cared for.
The Committee
the
that
the
President'
the
war,
think
House
s
Brafferton
further
and
be
the
for
repaired
and that a suitable
that an outlay
College
house
Hotel
a
is
of 2 or 3 hundred Dolls on
They recommend
necessary.
Professor'
s
residence,
for the Grammar
as
it
and Matty school
was
before
be erected
on the Palace Lot when practicable.
Respectfiully
by Benj .
See
WILLIAM
Ms.
pages
612
MARY
AND
Visitors
and
619
COLLEGE
Minutes.
for
similar
RECORD
Meeting
report
FROM 4th
held
in
July
dated
1860
Richmond,
submitted
S.
June
to -
for the
Committee
Ewell
28,
June
1869.
26,
1902,
88.
p.
3 July 1869]
Resolved:
That the Faculty be authorized to appropriate the amount necessary
to pay the debt and complete the work provided that the estimate of the Committee
of the cost of work done and to be done be not exceeded
consult
with
the
Bursar,
who
is
requested
to
cooperate
and that the Faculty
and
in
conjunction
him borrow money or collect debts due the College as may be found
that the whole of the debt incurred in building may be liquidated
practicable.
-
with
expedient
whenever
so
�618.
RECORD
July
to
BOOK
13th
four
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Not paged.
That the account of Santos and Brother amounting
seventy eight Dolls be paid by the Bursar. . .
It
1869
Resolved. . .
AND MARY
Resolved.
1869. . .
hundred &
22nd
July
OF WILLIAM
was-
that Archer Brooks be paid the sum of forty Dolls on plastering
account.
THE
HISTORY
pp.
55- 6.
In
OF WILLIAM
1869,
July,
wasp
ordered
the
be
to
AND MARY
COLLEGE
being
building
main
opened
regularly
FROM
for
ITS
FOUNDATION,
1870.,
restored. . . the
substantially
students,
to
1693,
pp.
College
for the first time with a
full Faculty since 1861.
The building is well
cmnstructed
and
suitable.
The library numbers about
five thousand volumes,
having been increased by some twelve hundred volumes
within
the last 12 . months;
the gift for the greater part of Little, Brown &
Co.,
of
Boston;
and
D.
of
Co.,
Murphy &
among them
of Derby.
Co.,
York;
Baltimore,
The
Philosophical
of
BOOK
OF
A.
experiment,
WILLIAM
AND
At a meeting held August
Resolved.
to W.
W.
D.
Lippincott & Co.,
Barnes &
Co.,
Vanostrand,
of
and of a few gentlemen
Trinity College, Cambridge,
Chemical apparatus
is in good
of
M.,
and
illustration
MARY
and
COLLEGE, [
and
Philadelphia;
Harper
and
J.
of England,
and
the
order,
Earl
and
ample
research. . .
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
10th 1869 it was
That the President be authorized to give the note of the College
Vest,
rebuilding
WILLIAM
J.
B.
Publishers;
R.
Potts,
A.
J.
Mr.
for purposes
RECORD
Appleton &
of New
Brothers,
for the amount due him for advances to workmen engaged in
the College and for materials furnished. . .
AND MARY
Newspaper
COLLEGE
clipping -
PAPERS,
Wed.
Aug.
Folder 19.
11,
1869]
LOCAL MATTERS.
WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE.--
This
ancient
seminary
of
learning. . .
has
again
�Opposite
page 619.
Y
1
ii.,.
o
f ,
r
H
1--,
1- 4
111.
tr
a0
.
fit
t: r.
I.
K
1• • Ti
S
ho
i
f
`
O
r
Er
k
-
H.
O
7
w
r^
tea.'
j/
r
4
a
a
r
''.--''.•?''
e
14.
c
O
a
r--
r
r
t
i
f:.__. :..
EL
P.::
7.'
1
A
a-..
t
r
r.
a
l
191r
w
11—'
`
r
r
.
to
+''
l.' y..J! rr
1
�619.
opened
the
on
its
for
halls
second
the
reception
Wednesday, (
present it has raised
that
payment of all debts,
Its
five
which,
Library,
thousand
endowments
amount
will
will
resume
its
comprises
some
to
not
be
a
high
very
less
than
session
figure;
S8O,
of
after
000.
its
notwithstanding
volumes,
and
students,
October. . .
its
At
the
of
of
13th)
many losses,
still numbers
the most valuable
and rarest
of
being the gift of some of the dignitaries
of Canterbury, Govs.
Spotswood,
the Archbishop
many
the
past
Dinwiddie,
such
century,
and
nearly
works,
Botetourt
as
and
others again by Louis the Sixteenth of France.
IBID.
Folder
Editor
Norfolk
19, [
Newspaper
WILLIAM
no
clipping,
AND
MARY
date]
COLLEGE.
Virginian:
This venerable
and celebrated institution of learning having been rebuilt,
will be again thrown open to the young men of the
next. . . The expenses are most attractively
country on the 13th of October
accommodated to the reduced means of our people. . .
refitted
Br).
and
Folder
reorganized,
19, [
Newspaper
clipping OLD WILLIAM
no
AND
date]
MARY.
A circular from the President of William and Mary announces that this. . .
institution. . , will be opened for students on the second Wednesday in October,
Its
the 13th))
buildings have been restored,
and a well- selected library
and apparatus have been provided. . .
RECORD
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
Faculty Meeting
Resolved.
hundred
by
B.
account
That
Dollars,
Fenton, &
to
the
the
MARY
16,
Sept.
AND
settled
Mechanics &
1846- 1879],
1869]
note
amount
for
of
due
by
Laborers
COLLEGE, [
the
College
him
Mr
for
Lindesay,
during
be
cash
the'
given
Not paged.
to
advanced,
John
for
Lindesay,
lumber
for
and for money paid on College
current
year. . .
five
furnished
�620:
IBID.
Resolved that
and
College
the
20th,
Sept.
Faculty Meeting
a
due
debt
Santos, &
COLLEGE
The
requisite
I have
of
Oct.
which
Turner
1869.
enter
Mrs.
a
W.
J.
1,
to
Hotel,
Lamb
Hotel" ( J.
age
with
met
College
the
from
Letter
Photostat.
from Williamsburg,
Folder
PAPERS,
some
father,
his
At
Duke
lady . . .
widow
is
I
board.
George
W.
Turner
written
Univ.]
a
12 Years. . .
Mrs.
am
W-
now
is
to
take
stopping
at
charge
the "
City
repairs.
It is the custom here to toll the College
of
by
as
awaiting the opening of the College Hotel,
proprietor) .. .
is undergoing
to
to
be assumed
to Mr Brooks,
for plastering.
School
expect
I
Brooks,
charged
Grammar
Waller,
where
be
128- B
Orig.
the
Archer
by
AgILDollars
of his account
an offset to part of the balance
WILLIAM AND MARY
Brother
118
amount
the
that
1869]
bell on the morning
of tie 1st
It tolled yesterday for the first time in many years. . . . .
Octr.
When the college was burnt about two thirds of the library was saved.
The
body
of
Sir
Randolph
John
was
buried
the
beneath
college
chappel.
It
may have been his remains the Yankees took the Silver plate from. . .
BOOK
RECORD
first
The
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
meeting of the Faculty as now organized was held- on
in the College
Library.
. . . Lecture rooms were
of
October [ 1869],
to
the
various
begin
should
professors. . .
at 9 otclk A. M. -
It was determined
It was
on prayers should not be compulsory.
decided
the
13th
assigned
that the daily Exercises
that
the
attendance
of
students
. ..
IBID.
Faculty Meeting
On
motion,
deliver
a
Oct.
Patrick
public
14,
1869]
Henry
address
on
Aylett
the
Esq.,
of
Richmond,
reconstruction &
was unanimously
reopening
of
the
chosen
College.
to
�621:
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Visitors
Ms.
COLLEGE
FROM
4th July
Meeting
Minutes.
RECORD
held
in
1860
College
26,
June
tth -
1902,
pp.
92- 3.
22 July 1870]
Library,
Bursar' s Report.
1869
August
19th
To
Cash
If
Nov]
6th
WILLIAM
to
AND MARY
Photostat.
from
Letter
in
favor
Brooks
Brooks
It
cash
COLLEGE
order
of Archer
Archer
Building paid -
8th
Sept
S.
pd]
PAPERS,
W.
J.
A.
Stevens &
Folder
Ttrner,
Co
for
1
doz
$
40
00
250 00
36 00
chairs
128- B
grammar
Williamsburg,
school
Va.
to
teacher,
Nov.
29th
his
brother]
69
'
I must say my School occupies me 6 hours for five days in the week not to
the
mention
one
to
from
Dr.
Wilmer
I
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
Resolved that
plastering,
John Lindesay,
it
out
from
of
MARY
of School,
then
I have
be
Two
Fifty
for
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
requested
Hundred
money paid
Dollars ---
Brother,
two night
Students,
also I study privately to recite
town. . .
I have 27 Scholars,
Not paged.
1869]
for
Santos &
the
Bursar
sum
Hundred &
of
AND
29,
Nov.
the
the
out
to
other
each
on
Faculty Meeting
All
devote
the
As regards my school
Friday night.. .
being " Matty," or Non- paying scholars. ..
15 of them
RECORD
time
college &
building
building fund -
to
and
to
pay Archer
Fifty
workemen &
Brooks,
on
Dollarslaborers,
account
for
250. 00
One
150. 00
materials -
Total -
Two
Hundred
Dollars
200. 00
600. 00
�622.
HISTORY
OF
Extracts
AND MARY
WILLIAM
COLLEGE
ITS
FROM
FOUNDATION,
to
1693,
1870,
p.
159.
from the College laws]
1869]
CHAPTER VII. --
1.
in
The
Faculty
Buildings.
appoint
one of their number to direct,
necessary,
President,
the repairs of the College buildings and
when
may,
the
with
conjunction
College
enclosures,
and to take care of all the College property that is not in the
possession of some one properly authorized.
2.
College
to any College property done by students,
shall be charged
are not
if the authors
known.
Damages to a room in the
generally,
Hotel shall be repaired at the expense of the occupants.
Intentional
damages
shall be charged twice the cost of repairing
to
Damages
them
CHAPTER
6.
not
...
Books
be taken
of
reference
VIII. --
and
them.
Library.
designated by the Faculty shall
others,
from the room.
600
8.
Students
handed
from
11.
shall not go beyond
shall
nor
permission;
the Board of
any
Visitors
the
take
Faculty,
or
the counter
without
one,
of the Librarian
a
shelf,
his
and returned to it by the Librarian.
in
Persons
without
except members of
permission,
book from the shelf.
Books may be
such
Library
the
shall
abstain
from
all
loud
talking,
noise,
and from smoking.
RECORD
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
Faculty Meeting,
Resolved the
Jan.
That
of
Sixty
work
of
College
Total - - - - $
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
1870]
3,
the
amount
stone
AND MARY
Bursar
Three
be
requested
Arcade, &
to
pay Thos.
and
Seventy
Nine
Fifty
Dollars
for
Dollars
H.
cents
freight
Wynne,
($
of
63. 79)
in part for
for
Richmond,
flagging ($ 50.
00)
113. 79
IBID.
Faculty Meeting,
Jan.
24,
1870]
It was ordered that John Lindesay be paid the sum of One Hundred Dollars
100
for
00)
from
accounts
building
against
the
fund,
and
Fifty
College. . .
Dollars ($ 50
00/ 100)
from
income
fund
�623.
TUCKER-
COLEMAN
MSS. [
On deposit in Colonial Williamsburg Archives]
of William
College
and
Mary,
Feb
Williamsburg -
1st1870
On
or
of
the
the
before
the
College
of
order
190
of William &
for
Mary",
and
President
Masters,
received,
value
this
Virginia -
Witness
affixed -
day
$
190
the
hand &
seal of the President
Benj
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
Feb.
Faculty Meeting,
The
amount
the
College
due
AND MARY
W.
W.
Mr
paid -
7,
COLLEGE, [
S.
Ewell of the
1846- 1879],
College
of Wm &
Mary;
Not paged.
1870]
Vest -
for materials
reported
was
of
02/ 100
President
RECORD
or Professors
promised to pay to
one hundred and ninety Dollars and two cents
negotiable and payable at the office of the Norfolk Trust
Norfolk -
College
next, " the
Collins, & Heath,
02/ 100)
Company the
of March
15th
by
Prof.
furnished
Ewell
on
the
and accounts
1st
of
against
1870,
Jany
to
be Twenty Eight Hundred and Sixty Thrue Dollars and Twenty One cents
2863 21/ 100) . . .
IBID.
Feb.
Faculty Meeting,
The
dered.
laying
of
account
Hundred &
Eight
And
for
an
Thos.
account
ordered
of
building fund Total 267 43/ 100
1870]
Wynne,
H.
Dollars &
College,
accepted - &
28,
Six
of J.
35
00/ 100
stone
cash
balance,
06/ 100)
Thirty
Five
Account
out
work
208
for
($
Metggen,
to
amounting
to be paid.
& $
for
cents
of
was
paid
M.
Dunegan
Dollars ($ 35
Santos &
contingent
amounting to Two
allowed &
Bro. $
fund-
00/
payment orfor brick
100)
was
also
232 43/ 100 out
ordered to be paid-
IBID.
Faculty Meeting
Resolved the
U.
should
to
1870]
interest
S.
Govmt -
be
pressed. . .
Richmond &
7,
March
The
for
damages
of the
to
College
the
buildings &
illegible]
other property
that
its
during
claim
on
the war
The President of the College be requested to proceed at once
Washington
cities
on
this
business. . .
�624.
IBID.
Faculty Meeting
Account
of
and
sented
Dollars &
April
Archer
as
Four
Seventy
1870]
for plastering & hauling to 1st Jany 1870 was prefollows --.
Plastering Nineteen Hundred and Fourteen
Brooks
approved -
Dollars &
Thirty
11,
Cents ($ 1914 74/ 100) Hauling & c Four Hundred and
Eight Cents ( G430 28/ 100) /
Total of $' 2345. 02.
v
twenty
IBID.
Faculty
Meeting
Resolved amounting
ordered
WILLIAM
That
account
of
Nine
an
Dollars
and
PAPERS,
Folder
to
Thirty
to be paid.
AND MARY
from
Letter
1870]
30,
May
COLLEGE
Francis
Vinton
J.
to
Walthall
S.
B.
Two
for money advanced
cents
100,
($
39
to workmen be
02/ 100) ,
allowed,
Ms.
Ewell]
Trinity church
June
N.
Y.
7 1870
My dear President Ewell
I beg your acceptance of the first- fruits of my Professorship of Ecoles
Polits & Law, conferred
I
the
include
Contribute
which
to
foremost
two
more,
the
Copies
if
College
of Wm &
Mary over which you preside
Honor for
The
College
Library & shall be happy to
desired.
061.
IBID.,
Folder
Report
of
58
Ms. [
to
Faculty
Also
in
Record
Visitors.
Book
of
William
and
Mary
College,
1846- 79]
July 4th 1870]
The reorganization of the Faculty made at your meeting in June 1869 having
been
the
completed
2nd
The
Matty
by
Wednesday
the
of
Committee. . .
School. . . He
of
acceptance
October,
the
appointed. . .
has
had
31
Mr
the
Professors
regular
J.
time.
Wilmer
schol- 1rs. . .
. . .
elected,
the
Session
opened
on
There were 32 matriculations
Turner. . . Master
of the Grammar
�62 5.
It is necessary that the Grammar School be removed from the College
Grounds.
and
With a with the Scholars. .students there would be constant difficulty
larger number of .
interference
The rooms
in the Brafferton
will be
required next Session for students as not more than 25 or 30 can be accommodated
just
at
the
to
now,
belongs
to
College
take
the
Hotel,
and as but few families in the town seem willing,
boarders.
College,
The
and
Palace
affords
an
Lot,
containing
admirable
from 4 to 5 acres,
for
site
the
School. . .
while
the capacious dwelling on the adjoining lot which belonged to the Estate of
the
late
Robert
Saunders,
for
suitable
admirably
of the boys.
but
the
was
recently. . . purchased
of the Master,
residence
by the College
is
and the Boarding House
A convenient school house large enough to accommodate 100 boys
40'
by 601
Mrs
Saunders,
be
can
to
for about 1500
erected
Dollars. . .
The
dower
right
of
the
the house & lot,
property,
bought by the College must
purchased. . . a partial agreement has been made with Mrs Saunders,
in virtue
which she agrees to retain
a portion
of the lot at valuation,
be
of
in fee simple,
the excess of her dower over the value of the lot to be expended by the College
in constructing a small dwelling on the portion she retains.
Ofhave edition containing . 1500 copies of the general Catalogue just published
an been distributed. .
1200
increase
of
students
There is every reason for expecting a fair
next
Session.
I•
IBID.,
Folder
Letter
from
58 Ms.
Pres.
Ewell
to
Board
of Visitors.
1870]
July 4,
The next point is the erection of a School house on the Palace Lot.
Whatever tends to make Williamsburg a centre of education will benefit the College..,
There
is
but
as
Chemical
Philosophical.
Chemicals
and
ample,
while
ments,
in
RECORD
BOOK
Report
of
one
additional
chemical
$
point, &
The
former
Instruments.
that
needs,
refers
for
to
repairs &
additions.
OF WILLI_AM AND
as
well
illustration,
Five hundred Dolls would render it efficient
. ..
MARY
Building Committee
Committee
Appatatus,
200 might be expended to advantage on the Philosophical Instru-
to
COLLEGE, [
the
Board
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
of Visitors &
Governors]
July 4th,
Gentlemen
The
the
research &
appointed
by
you in
1867
to
direct
the
1870. . .
reconstruction
of
the
�626.
Main
College
of
work
ing
total
small.
done
the
carpenters
In
other
in
essentially
21, 000 00/ 100.
of furniture.
purchase
most of this
N.
W.
Vest.
through
fore
his
in
to
the
too
full
extent
of
enclosure
the
the
College
debt
obtained.
The
College
In conclusion
substantial
The
means.
be
grounds
in
the
respecting
too
report
includes
7000
of
it
it
due
by this
of
lieu
the
00/ 100.
is
On
to
gentle: an,
and
cash,
concerned;
think
completed;
00/ 100
in that
This
some $
extended
was
Committee
S1000
given
bulk
him
on
orders
finish-
of the
may be set down at
building
of
estimate
about
at $ 2, 500.
for the accommodation
Faculty
Grammar
Matty &
moderate
was
expenditures
cost of building
receiving
far as the
as
of his
of the
recommendation
for
cash
to
be
The
whole.
Comparatively
work.
Plastering &
probability have been today in an unfinished
of the assistance offered
the acknowledgement
all
requires
workmen
store,
a
may
Had it not been
equivalent
would
credit
longer
a
the
Expenses
contingent
is
their
presented.
July 1869 -
estimates &
There
completed
was
nearly
The actual
of
And
report
of
report
the
respects
have
they
last
comprises
the
correct.
are
that
the
since
contained
cost
report
building
been
has
little
there-
the Building
Justice
condition.
by
Mr.
John Lindesay,
important
that
the
and they fully concur in the
Brafferton,
and
the
school
house
Department.
the Committee
has
building
give it as their opihion that a sufficient
been
erected,
under
some
at
difficulties,
a
cost. . .
IBID.
Record of Commencement
Exercises
July 5th 1870.
The
by
prayer
At
the
10
At
o'
clk
Professors
T.
the
in
Wilmer
Visitors,
D.
D.
Faculty &
invited
drank &
P. M. -
A ball
took
place
to
Students-
MARY
of
a
letter
B.
F.
the
COLLEGE
from
PAPERS,
Henry
A.
at
11
opened
A. M., &
with
...
were
many
Chapel,
College
toasts
AND
WILLIAM
Copy
The
which
at
held
Geo.
Revd
4. 30 P. M.
dinner-
the
were
exercises
guests partook
responded
in
the
19,
of a sumptous
to.
College
Ms.
building -
given
by
. . .
Folder
Wise
to
B.
F.
Butler
about
memorial
to
Congress]
Richmond July 9th 1870Hon:
Ho:
Butler
Reps.
Sir:
The
Masonic
relics
destroyed [
paraphernalia
of
in
George
fire
of
1862]
Washington;
were
Royal
precious
presents
to
of
the
Nation:
books
when
-
The
�627.
Wm &
Mary
The
house
ical
of
the " Roill
xclept
was
left
Law
At
apparatus.
a
reasonable
inestimable. . . It has
relics
Colledge";
All the ancient books on Divinity
by Bishop Madison,
and all the Library of the College besides worth $
30. 000 besides its furniture and some philosophical and chemthe
estimate
was $ 40. 000,
and the value
over S20. 000 to rebuild and
loss
cost the College
has left but meagre means to uphold the grand old institution
a scale
comporting
The
College,
Will
getting
if
you aid me in
not $ 25. 000 for
the
RECORD
BOOK
OF
On an Examination
has
expended
94/ 100 --- $
WILLIAM
Ms.
on
bill
AND MARY
12,
appropriating $
50. 000,
Mary College?
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
1870]
of the Accounts
the
Congress,
through
of Wm &
of President
fund - .
building
Vourteen
Ewell. . .
Hundred &
Twenty Three Dollars
14423. 94.
AND MARY
Visitors
Report
of
a
relief
WILLIAM
Faculty Meeting July
He
of learning
and past renown -
Chancery has generously ordered about $78000 for restoration of
and that Sum is devoted to what is called the Matty School. . .
English
the
with its ancient
from
COLLEGE
Henry
A.
RECORD
FROM
4th July 1860 to -
Meeting
Minutes.
held
in
Wise,
Gov.
of
College
Va.,
to
June
Library,
Rector,
the
26,
1902
P.
89.
22 July 1870]
Faculty, & Visitors,
adopted]
Gentlemen.
At
a
meeting
of the
Alumni,
held
at
the
College
chapel,
on the 6th inst,
when the ways and means of restoring the college and enlarging its endowments
were
in
under
behalf
I volunteered
consideration;
of
those
objects,
to undertake to engage influences
and especially to endeavor to procure an appro-
priation by the Congress of the United States to pay for the building and other
property
on
my
own
of
the
College
responsibility
destroyed
to
the
by
Hon.
the
B.
War.
L.
I promised to address myself,
Butler
of the
House
of
Representttives. ..
�628.
IBID.,
92- 93.
pp.
Bursar' s Report
1870
January
"
"
"[
to
cash
Santos &
pd]
Archer
19 "
"
"
"
"
"
Thos
Bro
Lumber
Brooks
200
flaggs
Apr.
23]
"
p.
IBID.,
"[
00
113
99
208
Plastering
flagging & pt of stone
H Wynne
00
250
06
96.
to
Bursar'
It will
further
cash]
s
Thos
Report
Wynne
Bd.
to
out
appear
H.
of
of
the
for
flagging
Visitors,
Income
Fund
in
full
22 July 1870]
the
past
year $
3586. 20 have
been expended in the building.. .
e
IBID.,
0 .
p.
97.
9
Resolved:
That
Thompson
and
Resolved:
-
a
That
of
committee
Crump,
upon
the
three
building,
committee
be
appointed,
to
wit.
Messrs Peachy,
to act as an advising committee.
upon
building
as
heretofore
constituted,
be
continued
Oeb
RECORD
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
Faculty Meeting
Resolved200
building.-
That
Aug.
the
00/ 100)
AND MARY
25,
Bursar
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
1870]
be
requested
to
pay. . .
to John Lindesey the sum of
for money advanced by him to laborers on the Matty School
�629.
lhereas it is stated to the Faculty by Profr Ewell that no money has been
received from the Bursar for the buildings ordered by the board of Visitors
at their last meeting, &
that the work cannot be prosecuted unless money is
obtained;
immediately
00/ 100)
3300
borrow
may
sum.-
this
and further that the sum of Three Hundred Dollars
be
borrowed. . .
That
Resolved-
Prof.
Ewell
be
authorized
to
IBID.
Sept.
28,
1870]
The Bursar of the College of William and Mary will pay to John Lindesay
ol
on
ten
order,
and
Dollars
the
days
Forty
Grammar
WILLIAM
School
sight -
cents
the
Hundred &
twelve (
4212 42/ 100)
buildings. ..
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Wm.
Stevens
Perry
from
of Two
sum
for cash paid to laborers and mechanics working
-
MARY
AND
Letter
after
Two
Folder
to
Benj .
100,
S.
Ms.
Ewell]
Geneva,
New
York
1870
1st.
November
My dear Mr President,
I take great pleasure in asking your acceptance on behalf of the Library
of William
Church
and
Mary College
in Virginia
It is the
of my
initial
have
I
own,
or
of
the "
Papers relating to the History of the
1650- 1776". . .
volume
therefore
issued
in
of a series. . .
added
to
the
connection
" Virginia
with
the
Papers"
lamented
Dr
a few other volumes
Hawks,
my fellow-
worker. ..
and in the spring I hope to send you a volume of my own just going
to press
on the
subject
of Church
Law.
e
IBID.,
Folder
19.
c.
Pamphlet:
portion
A
Memorial
of the
agricultural
Land
of
Scrip
education,
the
College
Fund -
& c]
pp.
to
the
1870]
Legislature
of
Va.
for an equitable
donated by Congress for the purpose of
5- 6]
040
Despite
crippled
and
diminished
resources
at
the
close
of
the
war. . .
Its
�630,
buildings
have
been fully restored,
with commodious lecture rooms for all
including practical chemistry.
Its library has been enlarged,
departments,
as
the
also
full
chemical
operation,
friends
wish,
endowment,
real
and
The
apparatus...
after
is
in
and although the number of students is not as large as its
under
the circumstances,
it is respectable.
The existing
all
liabilities
owned
estate
fees,
250.
are
the
by
paid,
to $ 80, 000,
amounts
College
worth :$ 60,
is
and
the
000. . .
board and all other necessary expenses of students do not
It may be mentioned
the
since
gratuitously,
late
here that the College has educated
over two hundred young men and boys.
war,
Respectfully
WM.
H.
submitted,
MACFARLAND,
Rector
BENJ.
of the Board
S.
of Visitors.
EWELL,
President
IBID.,
institution
yet,
other
The
exceed $
and philosophical
of the
College.
Folder 124.
Annals
and
Feb.
Reminiscences
1936.
Typed
of
Octogenarian"
an
Robert
by
M.
Hughes.
ms.
1870- 73]
411
p.
22]
At
The
William
and
Mary -
then
session
187G- 187.3.
commenced
late
in
October, . ..
On
arriving,
the
first
thing to attract my attention was that the College was draped in mourning for
general Lee,
who had died on October 12th. . .
P.
35]
. ..
I
roomed
at
the
recently torn
the south;
down.
Williamsburg. ..
We
College
My
room
Hotel,
in
was
afterwards called the Ewell building and
the
third
with
story,
dormer
windows
on
and one window on the east looking down the Jamestown road to
had
but
nothing
wood
fires
and kerosene
lamps. . . Most
of
the students were so poor that they carried their own wood and water to their
rooms. . .
though
were
abundant
WILLIAM
Ms.
The
boarding
limited
AND
was
run
by
Mrs.
and
variety was substantial
then . . .
and game was abundant. .
MARY
Visitors
house
Waller,
in
COLLEGE
Minutes.
RECORD
Meeting
Bursar'
FROM
held
s
well
Report,
College
July
our
bill
of fare,
Fish and oysters
.
4th July 1860
in
and
served.
to -
Libra
3,
June
y,
1871r]
26,
1902,
p.
22 July 1870]
1871
60
Mar
6]
" "
"[
to
cash
pd]
John
Lindsey
advances
to
Laborers
200
00
105.
�631.
TUCKER- COLEMAN
lION DEPOSIT IN COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG ARCHIVES] .
MSS.
Washington,
Apl
1871
23,
My Dear Sir:
I
am
to
to
that
the
of William &
Mary College
so far from getting through Conbut I have no doubt that it will pass.
gress;
It has received the nearly
unanimous
report of the Committee on Education
and Labor,
of which my Colleague,
Mr.
Hoar,
is chairman, and in the coming session I think your college will be
successful in the matter of the accidental or certainly causeless destruction
for
of
sorry
destruction
an
announce
the
during
Educational
you
claim
failed,
has
war
Institution
Yours Truly
Benj
F Butler
Hon Henry A Wise
Richmond,
WILLIAM
RE68RB
Report
Va
AND
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Folder
1860- 1902, pp.
102- 104.
of the Faculty to Visitors -
58 Ms.
in WILLIAM &
Also
MARY
COLLEGE
FROM
July 3d 1871]
040
The total number of matriculates
is
ments
of which
75-
41
in the Preparatory
College
are
students;
This
and Collegiate
is
larger
than
Depart-
the
umber last Session but not enough to meet the expectations of the Faculty. . .
Since
last
your
meeting,
July
1870,
a
commodious
brick
building,
62'
x
for the Grammar and Matty School has been erected on the foundation of
43' ,
the
Colonial
Palace,
about $ 4300
00f;
of
and
the House
Dower
in
furnished
in the most
approved
style
at a cost
of
and a dwelling for Mrs Saunders in payment of her right
and
Lot. . .
. . .
The
Palace
Lot.. .
to the
School,
and the
nearly 10 acres,
may now be assigned
relieved of most of its debt,
to the
amounting to 8400 Dolls.
College
Matty
to
School.
the
the
cost
Vest,
in
been
Societies
Literary
for
trust,
have
grounds
furniture
a
House
thus
This is the nett sum given by the English Court of Chancery
College,
College
of
thins
and Lot
purchased by the College, at a cost of 400
purchased, with the School House and
Dolls.
the
of nearly
for
has
Laboratory
2000
the
establishment
enclosed
in
been
and
a
well
of the
School.
manner;
furnished;
and a Chemical
necessary
Chemical
material
The
. . .
substantial
the
Hall
of
one
Apparatus,
supplied,
at
Dolls. . . .
The largest portion of it is due to Mr W W
who is the ante War Creditor and who by the accommodation he afforded,
enabled the Building Committee to finish and furnish the College Building. . .
The
made
to
Library
it
is
within
in
the
an
improving
year.. .
condition:
Several
additions
having been
�632.
WILLIAM
AND
Meeting
of
MARY
COLLEGE
Visitors
at
RECORD
College
FROM
4th
July
1871,
July 4,
1860
Ms.
to -
26,
June
Visitors
1902,
P.
101.
Minutes.]
That the debt of the College now due and outstanding together with the
deficit in the salaries of the Professors for the coming year and the in-
despensible
the " Brafferton"
to
repairs
amounts in the aggregate to twenty
two thousand five hundred dollars.
They recommend that the Faculty direct the Bursar forthwith to sell the
stocks and collect the debts enumerated in the schedule hereto annexed and
apply the proceeds of such sale and collection to the extinguishment of the
said debt in the following order.
1st
Deficit in Professors salaries and repairs to Brafferton.
WILLIAM
AND
Chatham
Tribune,
MARY
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Tredway,
Jr.
Folder
& Luck
20
Wed.
Editors,
Aug.
2,
1871
The College of William and Mary
The
from
low
and
expenses
200. 00
to $ 255. 00
Dr.
Wilmer,
rates
can
be
College
per
who
fees
is
at
yearly
in
advance,
are
from
and we have been greatly surprised to learn
present
reduced,
greatly
half
payable
session,
in this
sojourning
Students
by messing
that even these
place,
together,
furnishing
their own provision and living in rooms provided free of rent by the authorities
of
to
the
College
pay
the
may board for $ 8
tuition
fee of $
per
month,
and
in
addition
to
this,
if unable
50 they may be exempted from paying it by permission
of the Faculty and thus receive all the advantages of instruction in any depart-
ment of the College for the small sum necessary for board and personal expenses. . .
WILLIAM AND MARY
Ms.
Visitors
COLLEGE
Minutes.
Bursar'
s
RECORD
FROM
4th July 1860 to -
Meeting
held
in
Report,
College
Library,
June
June
26,
19,
1902,
pp.
123- 4.
1872]
from July 1871 to July 1872]
e .
1871
Aug
11]
" " "[
to
cash
pd]
order
in
favor
of
Vest &
Workmen
Son for advances
to
1365
06
�633.
WILLIAM
MARY
AND
of
Announcement
COLLEGE
the
PAPERS,
reopening
106,
Folder
of
the
printed.
College,
picture
1
1871.]
Oct.
of College]
College of William and Mary,
AT
Its
been
buildings ,
Philosophical
numbers
thousand
the best collection
Classics
RECORD
act.
five
in
BOOK
5th
the
burned
were
VA.
1862
in
for
the
third
time,
have
The College is well supplied with Chemical and
and its Library,
which,
after all its losses,
Apparatus,
nearly
books,
which
restored.
entirely
WILLIAMSBURG,
volumes,
of recent
comprises,
among
other
German and English
valuable
editions
of the
State.. .
OF WILLIAM
AND
COLLEGE, [
MARY
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
1871
Bursar was requested to pay John Lindesay Esq the sum of One Hundred &
Seventy
Three
WILLIAM
AND MARY
of
Remarks
of
100
34/
Dollars -
COLLEGE
S.
Benj .
Representatives,
for
PAPERS,
Ewell
cash
paid
Folder
the
before
for
College
Expenses - ($
173
34/ 100)
20
Comm.
of
Education &
Labor of the House
24 January 1872.]
APPENDIX.
Estimate of damages by United States soldiers to the houses and other property
College
of
of the
William
Professor
Benj .
Washington,
Main
Brafferton
House,
library,
College
apparatus
out- houses
and
Professor'
s
with
with
pulled
on
house
1871,
to
College
partly
of
1862,
to
September,
again
feet
with
carried
by
this
100,
25th
burned
- - - -
to
5, 000
6, 000
6, 000
enclosures
destroyed
grounds
pulled
40, 000
5, 000
out- houses
off
and
1872.
January,
new
premises,
1865,
made by
before a notary public of the city of
burned
pieces,
or
May,
and
145
wings
furniture,
devastation
oath,
out- houses,
destroyed
and
from
Mary
under
January,
building,
College
Other
in
house,
s
and
Ewell,
first,
College
Professor'
S.
4, 000
pieces,
and out- houses
destro
ed 3 000
69,
000
�634,.
appeared
Personally
and
of William
before
and made
Mary,
S.
Benj .
me,
oath that
of William and
of the College
property
moderate and
reasonable;
ledge and belief,
the
with
acquainted
of
tion
above
the
and
the
mentioned
the
College
that
further,
he
is
well
having superintended the construc-
work,
such
of
estimate of the value of
is, to the best of his know-
Mary
thus destroyed,
property
and
belonged to the College,
of
most
of
cost
President
Ewell,
the above
and
also,
that all the property
as is fully set forth in
was,
the affidavits filed with the petition of the visitors and faculty of the
College and now in possession of the Committee of the House of Representatives
Education and Labor,
destroyed by United States soldiers.
on
S.
BENJAMIN
before
subscribed
and
Sworn
H.
SEAL.]
CLAY
day of January,
Notary Public.
25th
this
me
EWFT. T,.
JOHNSON,
1872.
IBID.
42
2
D
d
Session
No.
)
WILLIAM
JANUARY
29,
REPORT
OF REPRESENTATIVES
HOUSE
CONGRESS, )
AND
MARY
9.
VIRGINIA.
COLLEGE,
Ordered to be printed and recommitted to the Committee
1872. -
on Education and Labor.
Mr.
PERCE,
from
the
Committee
on
and
Education
REPORT
Labor,
made the following
:
The committee find the damages to the property of the College
and Mary during the war to be with wings,
Main college building,
145 by 100 feet, burned
Professor'
s
house,
house,
Brafferton
College
library,
College
apparatus
Professor'
s
house,
Total
with
with
out- houses,
burned,
and
burned
out- houses,
destroyed,
furniture,
partly
town
town
and
new,
down,
and
40, 000
5, 000
5, 000
down
carried
burned
of William
and
6, 000
off
destroyed
out- houses
destroyed
6, 000
3, 000
65,
000
�635.
and
do
therefore
House:
A Bill
report
to
the
following
the
bill,
College
and receommend its passage by the
of William
and Mary,
property destroyed during the war of the rebellion.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
States
be,
of
and
and
America
he
Mary,
moneys
for
is
in
in
reimburse
in
hereby,
for
of the United
That the Secretary of the Treasury
authorized and directed to pay to the College of William
the
sum
Treasury
not
otherwise
its
buildings
the
of
by disorderly
authority
Provided,
assembled,
Virginia,
destruction
the
Congress
Virginia,
of
sixty- four thousand
appropriated,
to
of
soldiers
and
the
dollars,
out of any
reimburse
said college
destroyed without
property,
other
United
States,
during
That no moneys be so paid except upon accounts
the late rebellion:
of such destruction
and the damage caused thereby duly verified and proven.
WILLIAM
Ms.
AND
MARY
Visitors
COLLEGE
Bursar'
s
RECORD
FROM
4th July
Meeting
Minutes.
held
in
Report,
1860
College
to -
26,
June
Library,
June
1902,
123- 4.
pp.
1872]
19,
from July 1871 to July 1872.]
1872
Feb
1]
WILLIAM
To
Cash
AND MARY
paid Collings &
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Heath
Folder
for
100,
63 92
slate -
Ms.
502- 12th Street
Washington.
Febry 6"
Hon
Legrand
W.
D.
C.
1872.
Perce.
Chairman Committee on Elections and Labor.
Sir.
Committee
the
have
burning
Sept
been
grossly
of William and
imposed
Mary
You and your
in regard
upon,
College
at
1862.
to the facts
connected
I was
Commissioned
Officer
of the
llth
Pa.
with
Williamsburg, Val on the 9th day of
a
Cay.. .
After the retreat of McClellans
army. . . there was left in the City of Williamsburg the 5" Pa.
Cav,
and a portion
of the Regiment
to which I belonged
for the purpose of doing picket
duty, and
a large
amount
of Government Stores in
guarding
Williamsburg, the most of which
were
placed in William and Mary College.
In Aug and Sept 1862,
I was detailed
as Judge Advocate of a Genl Court Martial that assembled daily in one of the
rooms
of
about
the
said
College,
College.
The
thereby giving me an opportunity to know what was in and
nearest
Confederate
forces
to
Williamsburg
at
this
time
�636.
at
were
least
residing in
the weakness
35
distant. . . and. . .
miles
the
friends
of the
College
Williamsburg,
gave the Rebel authorities information of
of the Federal forces at Williamsburg,
and of the large
and Mary College,
quantity of property in William
whereupon these
College " friends" and " patriots"
made
a " Raid"
on Williamsburg for
the purpose
of carrying away the U.
S.
property located in said
College,
well knowing that the Government forces were too weak to
resist
tion
of
from
and that they would not have time to remove the
College,
the
and that
the result
would
be the destruc-
the
rather than
let the " friends"
property by burning,
of
steal and carry the stores away.
I therefore claim that
College
those
attack,
an
supplies
this
aid
of Government,
wilfully caused the
The burning took place at and before
gollege.
the entry
of the Rebel
into
Raiders
Williamsburg,
and not after they
had
left the place
as your
Report states.
It was not done by " drunken,
disorderly and insubordinate U. S. Soldiers".
Part of the property
mentioned in your Report as destroyed by Union Soldiers,
was really
who
are
destruction
destroyed
now
of
by
asking
the
the
the
Rebel
Forces,
while
other
property
mentioned
in
said
Report was destroyed by accident.
Twenty- eight Thousand
Five
Hundred
Dollars ($ 28. 500)
will cover all the damage and loss,
as a large portion of the contents of the College charged in your
Report,
were memoved by the Officers
Williamsburg.
of the College and citizens
Charles
RECORD
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
AND MARY
COLLEGE, [
W.
of
Buttz
1846- 1879] i Not paged.
Feby 20th 1872Resolvedthe
Sum
for
cash
of
That
One
the
Bursar
be
directed. . .
Hundred &
advanced &
Twenty Seven 53/ 100
bills paid to workmen & c.
to pay to John Lindesay
Dollars (
127
53/ 100)-
IBID.
Faculty Meeting May 13,
Whereas -
Library
it
is
of
O.
S.
Five
Barten,
Dollars,
D.
D.
having made a donation
the College
with the promise of renewing
it annually
-
Resolved -
410
Revd
Twenty
1872]
That the thanks of the Faculty be presented to Dr Barten. . .
�637.
WILLIAM
AND MARY
Report
For
of
the
the
COLLEGE
of
will
be
is
first
observed
time
the
Session
whom
consequence
a
to
Faculty
College
matriculated,
PAPERS,
27
there
of
Visitors.
which
has
been
a
17 June,
just
Grammar
were
has
the
Folder 58 Ms.
closed,
Scholars
of
in
Ms.
in
AND
MARY
Visitors
Letter
COLLEGE
In
to
obediance
be
ordered. ..
IBID.,
Ms.
FROM
in
June
17,
of
the
Chancellor
copy of " The
a
Meeting
Report,
s
Disbursements
BOOK
of
resolution
1872
from
Board
John
A.
of
absorbed
1902,
17,
p.
113.
1872]
Wise to
of Visitors,
Tyler,
Decades
seven
26,
June
Henry
and
year,
June
Library,
This
for the
I have prepared,
with a memoir of the
the
United
States"
will
and a copy for the Library of the College. ..
Bursar'
RECORD
a
College
School.
which,
the
4th July 1860 to -
memoir
p. 126.
Visitors Minutes.
Contingent
within
held
Visitors]
had published
a
College
appended . . .
Grammar
RECORD
Williamsburg
and
the
have
undergraduates. . . It
Meeting
Minutes.
dated
49
free Schools
the
Williamsburg, went into operation
a portion of the Matty School Scholars. . .
WILLIAM
Six ( 76)
Seventy
and
off
falling
establishment
1872.]
Expenses
and
OF WILLIAM
held
in
College
June
Library,
17,
1872]
from July 1871 to July 1872]
have been as follows.
Cost
of
AND MARY
Buildings
paid
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
on
order
of
Faculty
4155. 56
Not paged.
August 1872
An
order
Also
an
was
order
given
on
on
Mr
Santos &
Taylor,
Bro
the
Norfolk
Bursar,
Va
for
to pay the following bills. . .
Lime -- $
31 97
�638.
IBID.
of
Report
and [
r'
aculty to the Board of Visitors & Governors
amount of the College
10th
1872
debts. . . Sept.
the
sic]
on
the
origin
and
000
building the College, out houses in
dwelling house for Mrs Saunders. .
For
and
School
the
College
Hotel -
for
Thus For
Grammar
For
Chemical
the
Apparatus,
clearing
away
of which
it
P.
S.
MARY
from
As
building &
are
the
debris
00/ 100 have
as
I
refitting
to
can
make
in
to
Folder
out
about
a
school $ 1285
on
is
The
$
10, 385
00/ 100
which
Hauling,
College
00/ 100
aggregate
of
typed.
Williamsburg,
35, 000
So,
travelling
deal. . .
great
Expenses
100,
Grigsby,
1860.
1859 &
w.4, 042 00/ 100
hall & for
building,
do
to
Contingent
B.
expended.
34, 161 00/ 100.
Society
necessary
H.
been
Expenses,
extraordinary Contingent
and
have been very great.
since
buildings
PAPERS,
Ewell
for
the
preparatory
been
has
COLLEGE
Benj .
well
added
Extraordinary
ordinary &
Letter
34, 000
325, 773 00/ 100.
House
duelling
be
of
construction
AND
numbers $
College
furniture
must
these
freight,
WILLIAM
round
House &
business
these
repairs,
in College yard repairs and Enclosures
School
To
additional.
during
in
building & furnishing
For buildings
yard - and the Grammar
including those of
College
for
and for enclosing the College yard and College Hotel pre-
33, 976 00 Dollars -
mises
the
.
the
Dolls.
Oct.
were
expenditures
2,
1972]
expended
since
in
the
war
reasonable.
B.
RECORD
College
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
of
AND
MARY
S.
Ewell
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
William &
Whereas -
the
Mary . . . Nov. 25th 1872.
period for the Session of Congress
is
approaching,
and
as
we are deeply impressed with the importance of the petition which the College
has before that body,
and inasmuch as there will be a meeting shortly of the
Visitors
of
the
Resolved,
by
importance
College,
the
it is unanimously
undersigned
that the President
early as practicable
in all
the College
with
matters
members
of
the
Faculty. . . that it is of essential
of the College should proceed to Washington
to act as
authority,
pertaining to said petition.
plenary
the
representative
as
of
�639.
AND
WILLIAM
A
MARY
of
summary
COLLEGE
the
of
condition
Washington,
circular,
the
all
after
with
the
a
have
buildings
new
and
chemical
its
fine
arisen
philosophical
still
lasses,
of
collection
College,
OF
taken
the
AND
WILLIAM
from
the
from
a
Bureau
of
Education
nearly
WILLIAMSBURG.
MARY,
of
ashes
have
apparatus
numbers
of Congress,
generosity
20
1873.]
COLLEGE
its
Folder
PAPERS,
5, 000
fires;
its
filled;
been
volumes,
the
its
has
blanks
library,
been
in
which,
enriched
and hope is entertained thati through
classics;
reparation
for
the
losses
suffered
from
our
troops may be obtained.
DEGREES
comprised
These
1
only
A. B.,
IN
and
2
COURSE.
A. M.
LIBRARY.
The increase of the library for the year has been 600 volumes and pamphlets,
of which 260 volumes
RECORD
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
Faculty Meeting,
That
the
of
the
on
several
May
1st
of 2360
sum
and 315 pamphlets
AND MARY
12,
of
day
donations
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Not paged.
1873]
the
Jany 1873,
Dollars. . .&
years
were
in
the
for materials
standing,
College
further
sum
was
of
65
indebted
to Mr
Dollars. . . on
an
Cole,
in
account
furnished...
The following resolutions were also ordered to be recorded as they were
omitted
in the report
1st
1873,
had
of the meeting
the
Whereas been
received,
of Jany 10th 1873.
of Mr W.
account
W.
Vest against the College to Jany
which was incurred
by the purchase
of materials
principally for the repairs of the dwelling in the College- yard assigned to
the
President; &
given
for
amounting
work
of the
done -
to nearly
College
Hotel;
in
part prior
500 Dollars. ..
to
by his, Mr Vest' s,
and
July 1st 1873:
acceptance
for
of
orders
timber
IBID.
Faculty Meeting,
a
Platt -
vote
for
of
June
thanks
valuable
2,
was
books
1873]
returned
sent
to
to Hon.
the
Benj :
College
F.
Butler - &
Hon
J.
H.
�640,
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Ms.
Visitors
COLLEGE
RECORD
Minutes.
to
4th July
held
Meeting
Report
Faculty
FROM
in
Visitors,
the nuAber of matriculates
than
1873]
1,
to -
June
year] and fewer Scholars
there have been 37,
and of
attend
pp.
133- 4.
1873.]
in the College department
last
Students
1902,
Library, July 4,
College
July
26,
1860
the
Grammar
Grammar Scholars
is less by eleven
School.
Of
a total
23,
College
of 60,
against 76 last year. . .,
The Faculty regret to report that the roof of the College building is
defective.
It was put on by Contract made by the Architect with the Buckingham
Company, this Company has segeral times, attempted to apply a remedy to
Slate
these
defects,
but
as
due
them
to
its
recovery.
Hotel
needs,
dollars
It
Cost
it
is
supply
will
recommended
have
From
dollars.
one
to
two
The College
hundred
doing
is now absolutely required.
the Faculty,
with your Executive Committee be
that
repairs
done.. .
135.
p.
The Total Expenditures
been
s
Report -
and Uontingences
July
1,
1873]
Since 1867.
thus.
Main
College
Chemical
Grammar
Building
in
College
School
they [ these
25773: 00
1285: 00
furnitures
Apparatus &
Buildings
had
Six hundred
repairs.
constantly,
is
these
exceed ( 600)
not
Bursar'
have
They claim a balance of 70 dollars
success.
The quality of their work is a sufficient bar
all that
to
directed
IBID.,
as
will
Contract.
It will be necessary to take the Slate off the roof and to
The
them.
replace
without
always
this
on
yard & enclosures.
Dwelling
4042: 00
house &
debts]
not
been
incurred,
4161: 00
the College
Buildings
must have
remained half finished and useless...
p.
136
Bursar'
The following
1st
two
work
Carpenters
B
F
Marnex
Lumber
Report -
Pp
work
July
1,
1873,
have been made to debts reported
for
accounts
Carpenters
2nd
additions
s
previous work,
Barlow Junr
Since
July
1872
not
presented
intime
Paper
B]
July 1872
for.
Lumber
$
55. 00
45. 75
Barlow & Hill
81. 25
125. 75
45. 00
352. 75
�641.
All
paid by Faculty.
Materials
for
Current
for
orders
W W Vest
Dwellings &
other houses
( 3)
of W W Vest $ 177: 75
bought
use
on
of
repairs
Rate
W.
W Vest
filled &
orders
furnished
materials
with other articles
of
Interest
due
Principal
Interest
10
62 39
prct
1354
24
Archer Brooks various Jobs plastering
estimated
136
p.
Bursar'
Report
to
the
75 00
Report -
s
Board
at
Visitors.. .
of
1,
July
Paper
1873,
C]
of the Expenditures
ordered by the
Faculty since July 1st 1872.
Fuel
85: 00
Additional
Labor
Blacksmith'
s
Lime &
Sundries.
Carpenters
the
account
RECORD
BOOK
OF WILLIAM
Hotel
208: 25
98: 73
Postage...
Brother
500
31: 97
work
other
estimated,
of
College
Hauling,
of W W Vest,
upwards
at
grounds &
Freight,
and
Blinds
Bought
above
College
Grate,
Santos &
Work
Plastering,
Materials
Of
on
Bill,
not
207: 00
rendered
Dollars,
AND MARY
in
full
Current
repairs &
were expended in Extra Ordinary repairs.. .
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
Not paged.
March
11,
of the President
Report
to the Board
1874 on the College debts with some corrections]
of
WILLIAM
Ms.
carpenters
AND
MARY
Visitors
for
COLLEGE
Minutes.
work
75: 00
177. 75
purposes
in 1872;
and
to
RECORD
FROM
4th July
Meeting
held
at
for
pay
1860
College,
of Visitors
lumber $ 464
to -
July
1,
June
26,
1,
July
1873 -
00/ 100 . ..
1902,
p.
153.
1874]
William and Mary College.
In
account
with
Tazewell
Taylor
tursar. [
June
30,
1874]
1873
July 3]
To
Cash
paid L. B.
Liberty News $ 5.
Wharton
00
For
for
bills
Library 4.
paid by
70.
him,
Viz
9 70
�642.•
IBID.,
128.
p.
Upon
the
motion
the
College
and
Matty
referred
of
General
and
Building,
School
and
House
Wise,
Resolved:
lots
the
to
repairs
and
that the estimates for washing
sale
Brafferton,
the
of the
cultivation
of the
Committee heretofore appointed upon the Report
and Bursar, with directions to report at the same time.
dent
to the
BOOK
RECORD
OF WILLIAM
AND
MARY
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
College
College
Hotel
Grounds,
be
of the Presi-
Not paged.
July 3d 1873
By direction of the Faculty an order was given today to the Bursar to
Prof.
to
pay
L.
B.
Wharton
the
sum
of
Four
Dollars
70/ 100 -
for money advanced
by him on books for the College Library
WILLIAM
Ms.
AND MARY
Visitors
COLLEGE
RECORD
FROM
4th July 1860
Meeting
Minutes.
held
in
College
to -
June
26,
Library July 4,
1902,
pp.
129- 30.
1873]
Report of Committee on Finances to. Visitors]
Committee,
Your
to whom were refered the Report of the Faculty with its
in relation to the repairs
documents & the Resolution of inquiry
accompanying
of the College
property, . . . submit the following.
Our
expenses
to
repairs
herein
down
the
the
for
the
College
estimated
coming year,
including
Roof,
the Brafferton &
salaries
to the Professors,
c and contingent expenses embracing /
outlay
in
pud
ing
our
claim
before
Congress,
may be put
at $ 6000.. .
In the present condition of our finances your committee cannot recommend any
of money upon the Brafferton &
College
Hotel,
other than such as
to prevent further
delapidation &
necessary
decay the sale of the College Hotel,
They would recommend
Matty School House &
expenditure
Saunders
is
property. . .
Whilst some income might be realized from the cultivation or lease of the
College grounds,
our iiformation on this subject is not so accurate as to enable
us
to
make
any
practical
suggestion
upon
this
subject.
�643.
IBID.,
Ms.
130.
p.
Visitors
Minutes.
Resolved: -
That
held
Meeting
the Executive
in
College
Committee
Library July 4,
be authorized
1873]
to rent
out
the
vacant grounds belonging to the College and Matty School buildings to be
cultivated in grasses for hay;
the nett proceeds thereof to be given to the
President of the College;
and that they be instructed to inclose the grounds
in front of the Main College building by a pailing or railing to be run North
from
South
the
of
ends
the Main
that the front yard of the College
of
stock
every
kind,
to
building
the
road
on
either
And
side -
shall be kept free from the grazing of live
and be regularly
mown and cleaned
and cultivated
in
artifical grasses.-
RECORD
BOOK
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
Faculty Meeting July 8th 1873]
Resolved -
repairs,
of
on
That. . . sundry
building, be made
the
Resolved Hundred
the
MOO
Board
WILLIAM
Report
and
the
absolutely necessary for the preservation
College
Bursar
Dollars
be
for
Hotel.
requested
to
contingent
pay
to
expenses &
the
President. ..
repairs
ordered
Four
by
of Visitors
AND
of
MARY
COLLEGE
to
Faculty
Mary
The
That
00/ 100)
the
College
number
the
Record
of
PAPERS,
Board
from
Folder
of
58 Ms.
Visitors,
July
1st 1874;
1860
June
26 ,
4 July
is
to
Also
1902,
pp.
in William
145- 6]
( 36);
of those in the Preparatory
the latter having been taught at the Matty School.
The number of students is a little less than that of the Session 1872- 73. . .
The establishment of the Free School System had so weakened the Grammar
Department
and
Matty
School,
impossible.
arrangement
unless
students
proper
15;
With
with
renewed;
to
as
the
the
by
render
consent
School
virtue
its
of
Ex.
Commissioners
of which
without
Committee,
the
continuance,
the
the
of
large expenditures,
Faculty made an
for one year only,
Williamsburg;
Commissioners
were
to
take
possession
�644..
of
the
and
Buildings,
of
satisfaction
the
in
the
of
Chancery
teaching
a
as
for
compensation
their
to
use,
perform,
to
the
Faculty, the condition required by the English Court of
fifteen
Decree
granting the " Matty Fund"
boys of Bruton Parish,
to
the
College:
the
viz.
to be selected by the Faculty.
The Commissioners also bound themselves to return the Buildings in as good
order as they received them. . .
The College Buildings have
of
the
Main
been
has
Building
few
a
undergone
patched,
as
necessary repairs.
required.
The
occasion
The
roof
entire
roof ought to be renewed and portions of the exterior walls protected by
Stucco,
or some good substitute for it...
Some
little
appropriated
The
made
It
was
be
of
of
it,
College
done
the
on
Brafferton,
It
is not
of
to
extdnsive
the
and
be
on
the
house
and
Dolls
each,
that
Four,
comfortable
for the
through badly
or to risk the Building.
whitch
the
appurtenance
the
among
mess,
entire
of
repairs,
any
decayed,
so
repairs,
without
area,
service.
genteel
probable
the next year.
basement
would
of the College. . . .
best. . . students,
had
and they have lived for
Session. . .
importance,
will be needed during
...
AND MARY
Visitors
been
hundred
a
was
as
found
was
demand
Building. . . is a necessary
has
a
Hotel
to
as
This
forming
than
WILLIAM
been
repaired,
service.
more
Ms.
the
Brafferton
in
rooms
has
gutters,"
thoroughly
no
The
not
roof
inside
"
work
to the President.. .
COLLEGE
RECORD
Minutes.
FROM
Meeting
Bursar'
s
4th July 1860 to -
held
at
Report,
College,
July
June
1,
26,
1902,
p.
157.
1874]
30 June 1874]
GOO
Real Estate held by College.
College
Building
and
in
lot
Lot on which
IBID.,
p.
and
land
attached
Williamsburg.
and
Brafton [
sic]
House
and Stewards
the Matty School
is erected.
...
150.
Financial
Report
of
Faculty
to
Visitors
for
year
ending
Disbursements
cash
pd.
for]
Repairs
Library
n " "
it
House
Lots in Williamsburg formerly known as the Palace
"
"
Labor
381
and Catalogue
75
54 70
250
00
July
1,
1874]
�645.
RECORD
BOOK
raculty
OF
Meeting,
resolved
July
English -
1846- 1879],
COLLEGE, [
AND
MARY
13,
1874]
that the thanks
Dunn
Dr Thos
WILLIAM
of the College
distinguished
the
Faculty
Not paged.
be hereby tendered to
poet - for a rare & valuable
scholar &
book presented by him to the College Library.
IBID.
Oct.
Faculty Meeting,
Resolved
as
often
That
1874]
a committee
two
in
once
as
14,
of two of the Faculty
the
weeks -
be appointed
and
Hotel,
College
to
report
to inspect
on.. .
the
injury done to the building. . .
AND MARY
WILLIAM
College
1874,
Folder 65.
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Catalog,
172]
p.
EXPENSES AND COLLEGE FEES.
30 00
5 00
5 00
Tuition,
Matriculation
Servant'
Board
Use
of
Fuel,
s
at
Room
if he
a
and
Those
joining
an additional
160
From $
Washing,
a
s
00
5 00
Furniture,
and
on
Expenses,
Hotel,
Student'
enters
Contingent
and
Hire
College
Lights
Thus
Fee,
expenses
at
this
College
25
need
to
not
35 00
be
than $ 230. 00,
more
or
scholarship, $ 200. 00.
the
department
fee of five
of Natural
dollars
Philosophy
for the use
and
Chemistry,
shall pay
of the apparatus.
Students may reduce the charges for Board to least one- half by renting
and forming messes,
their own furniture,
obtaining
providing
on trial,
to
This plan has been found,
homes if practicable.
to prove a great saving.
supplies
be
a
rooms,
from their
success,
and
�Opposite page 646.
S
s
J
pay
Jf
i
III
d
IL,
t
ri„. . -...,,,..
f
MAIN
BUILDING
From
pages
OF
Scribner'
1
and
5.)
e
COLLEGE -
Monthly,
f . -:..,
a
AND
Vol.
i
1..
4)
i
F
INTERIOR
XI,
No.
OF
1,
LIBRARY -.
November,
1875.
1875,
�646,
IBID.,
Folder
Photograph
20.
of
newspaper
clipping
in
of
possession
Rob' t M.
Hughes of Norfolk.]
William and Mary College.
Correspondence
of the
COLLEBE
Richmond
OF WILLIAM
WILLIAMSBURG,
A
joint
to- night
audience,
The
sixty
in
chapel
of
the
the room being more
college
per
debate [ between
the
cent
is
in
a
greater
excess
of the average
IBID.,
Folder
101,
very
this
Phoenix &
1875
Philomathean
than
session
prior
societies]
and was attended
comfortably filled.
college,
condition,
prosperous
classes
MARY,)
VA.,
22,
February
Dispatch]
AND
than
by quite
took pace
a large
the number of students
and the whole number
last,
being
in
to the war.
Newspaper clipping.
COLLEGE
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY.
WORCESTER,
March
15,
1875.
To the Editors of the Boston Daily Advertiser: This venerable seat of learning was destroyed by fire on the 9th of September,
The college was on territory located by the United States as loyal territory, and in the actual occupation of our troops from May, 1862, to the close
of the war.
There was a conflict on the 9th day of September between our troops
and a body of rebel cavalry, who got possession
of the place for a few hours.
After their withdrawal,
returning stragglers of the garrison set fire to the
building, which had been, with the exception of these few hours, in our military
A court martial had been going on there the day before,
occupation.
and the
contained hay and other stores and cavalry equipments.
It will take
building
about seventy thousand dollars to replace the buildings,
and I think,
fully
one hundred thousand to restore the college to as good condition as before
1862.
the
war.
GEORGE
F.
HOAR.
�647.,
IBID.,
Folder
of
Report
58 Ms.
the
to
Faculty
the
of
Board
Visitors-
17,
May
1875]
The difficulty of providing funds to meet the current expenditures of the
is so great. . . the Faculty think it expedient and necessary to confer
College
with
the
on
you
subject.
.. .
The
salaries
of
the
Professors
have
been
but
paid. .. It is believed that the College is economically administered,
and that it cannot be sustained on its present footing with a less amount
than that of the present annual
expenditure.
Without some relief the embarrasswill become more,
and more,
ments
serious.
The Faculty have three remedies
to suggest;
First,
The suspension,
for the present,
of the College Exercises,
until the debts are paid.. .
Second
To diminish the number of Professors,
thus
Third to authorise the
changing the College to an advanced Academy. . .
Faculty to borrow money.. .
partially
IBID.,
Folder
20.
of
Photograph
newspaper
in possession
clipping
of
Robt.
M.
Hughes
of Norfolk.]
William and Mary College.
OF
MEETING
THE
BORED
OF VISITORS
AND
ALUMNI.. .[
Meeting held in Senate
of
On
of
motion
Governor
Wise.. .
to
6apitol
probably
chamber
June
19,
1875]
of Mr.
Valentine the probable
also if
Williamsburg;
possible the whereabouts of the leaden bust of Sir Walter Raleigh which was
removed from the college during the war.
cost
of
IBID.,
repairs
Folder
Photograph
of
to
the
of
statue
ascertain
Lord
Botetourt
at
20.
newspaper
in
clipping
possession
of
WILLIAMSBURG,
SOCIETY
Robt.
VA.,
M.
Hughes
July 5,
of Norfolk.]
1875.
CELEBRATIONS.
The one hundred and eighty- second commencement of the College of William
and
Mary
began
at
8
o'
clock
P.
M.
of the Phoenix and Philomathean
The
At
audience
11
o'
clock
was
A.
quite
M. [
on
large,
Thurs.
Wednesday,
June
30th,
by a joint
celebration
Literary Societies. . .
and
July
filled
1]
THE
the
capacious
COMMENCEMENT
chapel
EXERCISES
of the
proper
college..
began.
�Long before the appointed hour the college- grounds were filled with visitors
from
various
Just
as
of
college-
headed
students,
frhe
and
aisle
6 .
of
sections
the
by
tolled,
the
and the chapel
the
Alumni,
seated,
were
State,
the
bell
band
struck
and
Faculty,
the latter
upon
crowded with spectators.
the procession
passed up
up a march,
and
Board
of Visitors,
the rostrum.
4
RECORD
BOOK
Faculty
OF WILLIAM
Meetings
AND MARY
20,
July
COLLEGE, [
28,
27, &
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
1875]
004
Resolved,
That
washing -
be hereafter One Hundred and Thirty Five Dollars...
Resolved three
the
That
additional
Reeolved -
Board
the
at
Secty
Keys
to
the
College
Hotel -
exclusive
of
lights,
fuel &
of the
Faculty be & is hereby requested to procure
Library for the use of the members of the Faculty.
the
That each member of the Faculty be required to record in the Librarian' s
book all books taken out of the Library by themselves in the absence of the
Librarian &
not
recorded
so
the
by
Librarian -
and to erase said record when
said books are returned -
SCRIBNER'
S MONTHLY,
The
Nov.
college]
of the " viceregal
Vol.
1875,
was always
court"
XI.
regarded
the
under
old
1,
No.
pp.
1- 15.
as an important
royal
and conspicuous
feature
and had in its library
rare volumes with the coats- of- arms of kings and noblemen who had delighted
rulers,
in connecting their names with its history.. .
004
the " Brafferton
erected.
erected
their
The
in
1732,
way to
House,"
wne
of
the
buildings
on
the
College
Green,
was
the " President' s House,"
building facing
was
partially burned through accident by the French troops on
Yorktown
known
it,
other
in
1781,
and rebuilt
by
as
Louis
XVI.,
who presented five
or six hundred valuable volumes to the library a the college.
The
the
when
plan of the building
Virginia historian,
says
completed."
overthrew
the
all
college
the
about
and philosophical
It
was
sanguine
ten
drawn
was
that
Sir
by
of
hopes
at night,
its
Christopher
intended " to
was
finished.. .
never
apparatus.
it
Wren;
and Beverley,
be an entire
square
The sudden destruction of the building
friends.
In 1705
a fire
broke
out
in
and completely destroyed it with its library
The
event
was
regarded
as
a
public
calamity,
and
�649.•
the
crowd,
it
We
are
town
up
to
But
came
the
fire
that
there
were
made
told
the
had
such
Steps
were
taken
that
the
office
it
was
began
not
spectable,
many getting out of their beds.
discovered,
was
to
it,
and,
and was
therefore,
so fierce,
no
attempts
end."
informed
of
the Govdrnor and all the gentlemen that were in
it
power before
of putting a stop
hopes
no
that
that "
lamentable
got
were
to
stood looking at the burning building in melancholy
seems,
silence.
by
the
authorities
work
was
going
in
1710.
finished
to
the
rebuild
in " Governor
on
and
college,
Spotswood'
we
time;"
s
are
his
term
Owing to want of means and the scarcity of workigen,
the year 1723,
but was so far completed in 1719,
until
that the Convention of the Colonial Clergy held their session in the building.
Of
the
a
original
rebuilt
was
and
picture
front,
which
is
1729), "
end
in
chapel
is
modeled
and
be
and
contrived
and adorned
altogether
by
famous " Old
Wren,
it
and
is
ingenious
is,
thirty- six
beautiful
to
the
down
" The
college
of
edifice
its
with
brick,
rear
the
park
here
and
and
described
its
extensive
there
on
last,
in
hundred
one
wing
front;
western
its
at
now,
was
in
the
full
and
as
1732,
and
it has
feet
rose
green
the
north
to which
being
commodious,
of
of Virginia"
At
long.
the
first
the
been
country by the
P
rebuilt,
nicely* P''''
of Governor
Spotswood,
The
students,
of
sixty,
seem
the world. . . In
had
and
half
a
dined
apartments
a
six
handsome
"
It
for
feet
long,
hall;"
the " Indian
containing
great live
one
"
of time and tide,
beautiful
surmounted
and
oommodiousil
by a cupola,
its piaaza extending along
Master"
hundred
heavy
oaks
a
was
and his
and
fifty
with
scholars;
and
acres;
foliage,
beneath
dozen
at
stockings,
help
it
his
or
others
fairly
when
in the
more
table
themselves
is
whose average number up to the time of the Revolution was
to have resembled young gentlemen of their class in all ages
1798,
of
one
day
without
of Virginia was President of the College
the English traveler Weld noticed that
the eldest about twelve years of age--
students-when
coats.
at
to
the " Bishop
buildings,"
the
the
be
supposed.. .
he
there; " some
was
were without
shoes
During the dinner they constantly
sideboard"-- to
beer,
cider,
toddy,
or
and
rose to
spirits- and- water,
The habits of the epoch must have been singularly
lax to permit boys of twelve to sit at the table in their shirt sleeves and
bare feet with a bishop present,
and rise from their places during the meal to
go and help themselves at the sideboard.
The
under
college
orderly
and
grounds
government,
were
kept
in
4
perfect
order,
the old chapel was decorated
Sir John Randolph and Bishop Madison.. .
0.
e-
and'' ,
which passed to and fro the sixty- five students of the institution. ..
about
61' 1))
131;,,,,
and became the place of sepulture
operation.
thirty-
apartments
grounds,
it
college
State
answerable
nature
direction
both:
Present
of some of the most distinguished men in Virginia. . .
After long delay,
and a successful weathering of the chances
the
that
Hospital."
built
was
in " The
handsome hall,
a
burned
was
tradition
for
serve
Jones
adapted
Chelsea
Chapel"
is
building
the
thus
Hugh
hundred
which
since
unlike
will
the
and of this second college we have
style;
says
one
Christopher
there;
The
is
wing,
built.
The
gentlemen
is not
east,"
but
remains,
picture
large
a
Sir
by
due
double,
to
no
the same
precisely
a description
which
looks
back
runs
edifice
the
students
with mural
brought
tablets
over
�650..
In
1781
by
the
of
France,
In
the
French
building
troops,
in
the
1859,
February,
being
College
the
to
Seal
Rooms"
and
institution.
the
rare
that
of
The
peril.
rescued
were
these
destroyed
again
was
imminent
With
by the King
by
fire,
some
of
the
portraits in the " Blue
President
Ewell,-- also the records
by
old
almost
exceptions,
lost-- in-
was
everything
the
library.
Such was the energy of the authorities,
afterward,
day for day-- that is to say, on the 8th of
volumes
one
year
the college
1860,
February,
college
exposed
of
cluding
however,
occupied
who made an important accession to the library. . .
students
the
destroyed by fire,
while
partially
of the students,
absence
but rebuilt
was
the
had
been
completely rebuilt and furnished,
to sustain
its Faculty.
In
and
again
in
1861,
was
the existence of actual war in the immediate vicinity rendered it
full
to
necessary
organized
and
suspend
force
destroyed
of
the
the
college
to
injuring
now
seemed
and
in
the
butions,
and
countries,
and
others
in
and
Scribner,
Philadelphia,
town,
1865,
from
and
the
list
summary of recent
appeared
three times
April,
all,
again,
rise
to
repair
friends
citizens
in
and
In
re-
other
1869,
main
organized;
disfired
sub-
apparatus,
but its friends
of
the
The
did not
and
buildings,
larper,
Childs,
in other
Appleton,
Lippincott,
English,
and many more in
Washington,
Baltimore,
States
the Earl of Derby,
George-
long to present in this place... To end this
the history of the college,
President
Ewell
Congressional
by United
building was
property,
the
and
of education
Committees--
for
urging the justice of an appropriation
of " Revolutionary losses,
and because of the
building,
War,". . .
a
Williamsburg,
Canterbury,
Belmont, `
Boston,
1862,
largely by means of contri-
of
Archbishop
May,
of about $ 80, 000.
some
done,
Messrs.
in
in
1874--
sideration
fully
to
Stewart,
before
possession
the furniture
but from
the
events
of
promptly
was
far too
9th of September,
extent,
never
York;
first
being
brief
has
New
in
with
the
Virginians,
in
others
the
on
determined
This
among whom were
England;
Messrs.
the
etc.,
to
fallen
have
August,
only
an
then
cavalry,
property
institution.
not
means
principal. building,
sequently
despair,
ample
exercises,
Federal
the
re- open
with
operation,
and the venerable
States
troops,
substantially
institution
the
the
last
college,
destruction
time
in
in
con-
of its
during the late Civil
restored,
has
the Faculty
begun a new career
of
usefulness, . ..
WILLIAM
The
from
AND
College
MARY
COLLEGE
of William
December
PAPERS,
and
to April
1875.
Folder
Mary
in
257A,
Account
Ms.
with
Benjamin
S.
Ewell acting Bursar
1876.]
046
1876]
to
Feby
1876 March]
" " "
"
cash
"
"
pd.]
Richmond
Santos &
Stove
Company
Brother
15 35.
25
00
�651.,
IBID.,
Folder
of
House
from
of
Mr.
the
The
21.
from
House &
Whole
Committee
on
relief
the
of
Before
the
Committee
ordered
College
Its
uses.
referred
the bill
in Virginia,
Mary,
Report
203.
to
a
Committee
for the
respectfully
report:
took possession of the college- building
hay and other stores, and cavalry
contained
latter
got
not
was
at
over
conflict
the
between
of
possession
some
time
of
destruction.. .
the
the Union forces
0 itthe
and a body of rebel
place for a few hours.
of the garrison,
provoked
After
the
their
and
by
set
building, and prevented the
from extinguishing the flames till it was wholly
stragglers
returning
of drink,
influence
the
redidnets
and
No.
Committed
1876.]
3,
to whom was
Labor,
Report
Labor.
The day before the destruction of the building a court- martial
the
cavalry,
Session,
March
printed
States
rooms
it, which
going on
after a
morning of May 9,
withdrawal,
be
of William
was
under
and
Education
1st
Education &
on
to
the fire the United
for military
equipment.
Congress,
44th
Representatives,
Hoar
fire
of the neighborhood
to
defeat,
the
consumed.
The
actual
sum appropriated by the accompanying bill is somewhat less than the
of the building,
which was erected in 1859,
and is without
the
value
addition
IBID.,
of
interest.
Folder 257 A
of
Report
S.
John
Wise,
June
Richmond,
Bursar -
16th,
1876]
The immediate demands will be 4.
Current
repairs
(
Est
200. 00
Presdt.)
by
Oee
WILLIAM
Ms.
AND
of
Report
There
the
ported,
to
the
of
College
benefit
and
COLLEGE
RECORD
FROM
4th July 1860
to-
June
26,
1902,
p.
170.
Minutes]
Faculty
were,
charge
The
the
MARY
Visitors
to
during
the
Visitors
the
session
College,
received
for
at
two
the
and
orphans
taught
the
session
for
of
who
lost
session
College
Matty
thousand
of Widows,
Confederate Army,
the
of
dollars
from
young
lives
1876]
of
scholars,
15 making a total of 87.
Southern
thirteen
their
and
72,
students
School,
the
July 4,
ending
the
Southern
States men,
during
sons
the
Association
under
.. .
for
with which it supof men,
belonging
war.. .
�652..
WILLIAM
MARY
AND
from
Letter
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Edmund
Quincy
to
102,
Folder
Benj .
S.
Ms.
Ewell]
Dedham,
My Dear Sir:
I am honoured
by your favour of the 14th instant acknowledging
of your
at
the
library
to
its
acceptance.
of the book.
1876.
23d.
Aug.
College
of
the
of my Father,
Speeches
which
the arrival
I
had
offered
I am much gratified by the kind terms in which you speak
...
Edmund Quincy
MARY
AND
WILLIAM
Visitors
Ms.
RECORD
COLLEGE
Bursar'
Minutes.
3.
FROM
4th July
Fund
Library
June
26,
1902,
193- 197.
pp.
1877]
May 23,
Report,
s
to
1860
45: 50
1876
Aug]
1.
25
bill
by]
repairs
President
order
Ewell
20
00
00
Oct]
It
n
RECORD
25
By
n
bill
n
Meeting,
Faculty
n
OF WILLIAM
BOOK
repairs
u
Dec.
Col Ewells
n
n
AND MARY
14,
COLLEGE [
40 00
order
n
20
1846- 1879],
00
Not paged.
1876]
040
Resolved that the thanks of the Faculty be presented to Edmund Quincy of
Deadham
Mass.
for
tinguished
Josiah
sentatives
U.
PUBLIC
LIBRARIES
copy
of
the
Life
of
the
Quincy & of his Speeches
Cong.
IN THE
UNITED
July, 1724, Dr. Blair,
president of the college,
In
as
S.
a
STATES,
Special
minister
of
wrote
follows:
as
Statesman
Philosopher &
when
Bruton
a member
Report
Parish,
of House
Rrt
I,
pp.
the
dis-
of Repre-
27- 28.
Williamsburgh,
as
well
�6534
We
have
small
nor
Dr.
1743,
the
had
never
Parochial
any
The
Library.
college
has a
The key is kept by one of the masters."
library.
In
to
not,
Blair
died,
leaving £ 500 in money and his private
library
college.
the
Although
library
not
was
it
extensive,
for
was,
the
period,
very
rich
and valuable and appears to have numbered from fifteen hundred to two thousand
The
volumes.
the
Virginia
including
and
letter
following
Historical
of the
of
letter
a
college
A.
R.
dated
Society,
from
extracts
chancellor
from
will
Brock,
corresponding
Va., January
Richmond,
Dr.
Grigsby,
be found
secretary
of
1876,
25,
and
president of the same society
of interest
000
Mr.
Grigsby.. .
writes:
In answer to your inquiry about the extent of the library bequeathed to
William
and
Mary College by President James Blair, I am inclined to believe
from the number of books bearing his name which I have seen in the college
library, that they must have reached between six and seven hundred volumes. . .
But the books of Dr. Blair composed
but a small portion of the
of William and Mary.
library
I have seen there books bearing the book- plates
of
nearly
all
from 1700 to 1775,
governors
and of our
finest edition of The Fathers,
in many folio
our
There
was
the
bound
and
gilt, which was presented
between
college
estimated
to
1750
be
and
worth
in
1760.
by the Archbishop
There
England,
was
thirty
one
set
volumes,
splendidly
of Canterbury to the
of works
in
folio
nearly $ 700.
ago,
years
leading colonial men.
that
I
was
should
put down the books in 1776 as between fifteen hundred and two thousand volumes
of
the
most
kind
valuable
in
Latin,
Greek,
French,
and
English.
The splendid set of the Encyclopedie Methodique in thirty-three folio
volumes
the
was
war.
were
the
in
quarto
Among the
books
to
presented
It must
were
be
the
form -
that
Shakespeare
books
in
burned,
the
to
the
late
Hume,
Biblia
Another
ttio
destroyed
was
book
of immense
volumes,
in
England,
1825 by Professor
presented
was
I took
a
note
to
this
Campbell
the
of many
value
1669.
folio,
to
college
years
by
ago
work
worth
Robert
on
as
Lexicon
a
in
rose
Carter
visit
in
England
until
close
of
seven
when
Waltonus,
a distinguished
biblical
value,
1859,
by Brianus
apparatus
Heptaglotton
Nicholas.
to the
the
Gibbon.
and
1843,
complete
As nearly two- thirds
great
be
the
and
Polyglotta,
late
at
all our English classics
1776
before
Sacra
was
Sixteenth,
1776,
as
Robertson,
folio.
As
printed in 1657, in six volumes,
English divine pronounced this work the most
in any language.
Casten,
the
Louis
library
college
was
by
as
college
remembered
of Edmund
of the edition
and was
hundred
But
library,
estimated
dollars.
these
books,
in
It
which
will show its great
completeness and its great cost.'
President
Ewell
of
the college writes
under
date of December
19, 1875:
books given by Dr. Blair counted by hundreds;
a complete set of the
Church Fathers,
said to be the best in the United States,
There
among them.
were
books given by Queen Anne and the Georges the first two at any rate The
and
by
Louis
XVI
of France."
-
EDITORS.
�654.
WILLIAM
MARY COLLEGE
AND
Visitors
Ms.
from
Report
Minutes.
FROM
RECORD
1860
4th July
Benj .
S.
to
1902,
189.
p.
12,
1877,
finances]
been
since
1869.
Jan.
Ewell,
26,
June
000
The
of
number
students
is less than it has
1877]
[
There are but 42 and of these 15 belong to the lower preparatory department...
dince 1865.
in Building and for
50. 000 00 is the total expenditures
To restore
the College
to the Condition
Supplying a deficiency of income.
in which it was in 1860 a large additional sum would be needed Viz:
3, 000. 00
For Library
Chemical
Philosophical &
of
Restoration
House
Professors
Rebuilding
of
House
3, 000. 00
Apparatus
4 000. 00
3 000. 00
Brafferton
in
W Cor:
S.
College
Yard
1
President
College
Yard &
4 000. 00
Building
College
1
Fences
losses
by
the
of
Loss
summed up this [
War may be
Capital
Cost
of
Cost
of
restoration
00.
sic]
47 179. 00
supporting College
not yet effected
building &
000. 00
20, 500
Total
The
000. 00
1 500. 00
Hotel
College
Since
50 000. 00
20, 500. 00
1865
$
117 679. 00
disbursed by authority
Total - Contingent
The
of
the
Faculty
of
expenses
4See
last
for
expenses
account)
for
the
Servants
lumber,
Commencement,
Session,
present
hire
fuel
travelling
freight,
postage,
expenses,
repairs,
amount
.. .
to
983. 78 ...
IBID.,
of
Meeting
the
part
167- 8.
pp.
the
funds
now
ceed
yields
S2300 per
very
muc ,,
remains
in
of these
in WILLIAM &
Also
Visitors
in Richmond -
of
the
no
interest;
annum;
College
that
have
25 May,
been
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
the
income
unless
the
College
51.
1877]
reduced
that
Folder
to $ 45000,
of the
College
endowment
can
of
which
now does
be
a
large
not
ex-
increased
it will be the duty of the Visitors to expend the little that
keeping
alterntives
fore recommend. . .
Resolved1st
up the
will
College,
in
our
That an Agent
or
That the Congress
suspend
opinion
be
the
fatal
be appointed
may be disposed to aid the College
2ndly -
MARY
to
the
to solicit
a donation
entirely.. . Either
College. . . we there-
lectures
from everybody who
of money.. .
of the United States
be again petitioned
to pay
the College the amount which it has lost by the wanton destruction of its
by a portion of the soldiers
buildings,
thereby subjecting
buildings
College
of
it
the
to
a
United States
loss
who. ..
of $ 70, 000.
fired
the
�6, 5.
3dly
which
That the College be continued for the next year upon the terms upon
it
is
now
of
expiration
conducted,
the
but that the Professors be informed that after the
no more money shall be expended in the salaries. . .
expenses than the nett income of the College affords.
next
and other necessary
IBID.,
Ms.
4.
year,
193- 197.
pp.
Visitors
Minutes.
Bursar'
s
Report,
1877]
May 23,
64
1877
Feby
1
" " " [
Feb] " [
WILLIAM
23] " " " [
AND
Letter
to
amt.
By
MARY
S.
B.
amt.
by
COLLEGE
Ewell
Co
Santos &
pd.]
Hotel
pd]
PAPERS,
bills
Folder
Thos.
from
Dunn
127
repairs
102,
00
66 88
Repairs
Ms.
English]
Private.
Fort
My
dear
to
the
Sir: -
With
College
you have
this
Library,
already
a
copy,
hasty
a
of
copy
you
and
note,
gain
by
Crawford'
s
day'
Malay
duplicate -
a
Lee,
to-
if
J.
N.
post,
s
Grammar
not,
June 24th 1877
I send as an addition
and
Dictionary:
you will
have
added
If
a
scarce and valuable work to your collection.
WILLIAM
Ms.
AND MARY
Visitors
Minutes.
July 3,
there
1st
the
The
are
now,
first:
present
COLLEGE
RECORD
Report
FROM
from
4th
July
Benj .
S.
1860
to
June
26,
1902,
Ewell on condition
p.
185.
of College,
1877]
so
far
as
I
can
see,
but
four
courses
to take,
is to close the College for an indefinite period and thus allow
endowment
to
increase
to $ 100: 000
and
upwards.
To
do
this
it would
be necessary to employ some to person to superintend and take care of the buildin4
fit
Apparatus &
funds:
the
Library
reside
on
or
near
College
premises...
�656.•
2nd.
The next plan is to reduce the Number of the Faculty to two. ..
3rd.
The
Third
to
is
the
continue
College
it
as
is
now. ..
To
do
this
is to destroy it in a few years unless the long expected help should come. . .
Is to adopt a policy of retrenchment to go into effect immediately.. .
4th.
RECORD
BOOK
Feb.
Faculty Meeting,
A Vote
of
AND MARY
OF WILLIAM
Thanks
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
1878]
23,
tendered
was
COLLEGE, [
Margaret
Mrs.
Preston
J.
of
Lexington
Va
for
copies of Poems given by her to the College Library.
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Visitors
Ms.
The
College
and
Chemical
additions
District
WILLIAM
Report
In
Buildings &
not
Hotel,
of
Apparatus
in
is
of
out
to
COLLEGE
Ewell
althraggh [
orderli
of President
present
Ewell
state
Folder
Board
to
of the
of
college
sent
with
sic]
need
some
without
doubt,
the
The
1865,
is
following
the
college
This
table
has
table
chief
been
12,
1878]
the
exception
The
203.
of
Philosophical
the
Hon:
John
Goode
the
58 Ms.
Visitors.
affairs,
Williamsburg
June
12,
1878]
it is no pleasant task to
encouraging can be told.
of students is but
The want of money
trouble.
shows,
worse
been
p.
June
repairs,
you the annual report of the Faculty.. . Nothing
the number
Including the fifteen preparatory scholars,
less by three than that of last session...
thirty- five;
is,
1902,
The Library has received some
by
to
make
26,
June
Visitors,
order.
respectable
PAPERS,
to
1860
S.
B.
grounds
much
4th July
Documents
chiefly of U S Public
Representative
in Congress...
AND MARY
the
FROM
RECORD
Report
Minutes.
College
the
COLLEGE
that,
off,
notwithstanding
as
to
students,
the
in
pressure
the
past,
since
than
it
and as an item of the College
since there are no traces of
History, is worthy of preservation;
especially,
the Matriculation
from which
Book,
the numbers
between 1786 & i 1823 were taken. . .
now.
has
carefully
prepared,
�657:
This
same
book
The
numbers
The
contained
statements
The present
1823,
held,
as
for
these
the
years
of
names
not
are
of
given,
at
time,
students
with
that
The numbers
1827.
make
them
between
small.
1786
were preserved among the proceedings of a Town Meeting
when the question
Average
from
given,
who
were
gentlemen,
Matriculation Book begins
here
1824 ' 25 & ' 26.
there bceing no Record preserved.
matriculates
the
of moving
25
the College
President:
was before
the Legislature.
Bishop Madison
Numbers
Yrs.
Numbers
Yrs.
Numbers
30
1791
22
1796
32
34
9
1792
8
1797
1793
1798
25
35
1789
8
1794
1799
43
1790
16
42
23
19
65
1808
63
49
45
62
1809
1810
57
66
1811
44
Yrs.
1786
1787
1788
1795
Average
58
1800
44
1801
71
1802
59
1804
1805
1806
1803
56
1807
Average
1812
26
President:
32
1813
Average
bishop Madison
President:
56
Rev.
John
Bracken
19
President:
Jno.
A.
Smith
21
1818
50
1821
61
75
1819
49
1822
95
1820
44
1823
47
33
1814
1815
1816
1817
92
From
1823
Average
to
48
1827,
RECORDS lost.
President:
1830
Rev.
1828
54
65
1831
64
1832
P.
57
53
1829
Adam
Empie,
D.
D.
23
1827
Average
1835
1836
1837
1838
100
1833
Thos.
President:
R.
19
1834
48
Dew
66
1839
140
1842
80
114
1840
110
1843
86
111
1841.
97
1844
1845
69
68
132
�658.
56
Average
Yrs.
President:
Robt.
Numbers
Numbers
58
1846
Yrs.
1847
Saunders
53
1849
1852
80
82
INTERMISSION
Average
55
President:
21
1850
Numbers
1853
1848
Yrs.
Bishop Johns
35
56
1851
62
Average
President:
S.
Benj.
Ewell
82
1856
58
1859
60
66
1851
58
1860
63
1858
1854
1855
47
1861 -
INTERMISSION.
1864,
GRAMMAR
SCHOOL
AND
COLLEGE
Average
65
1870
74
1871
76
1867
42
53
1872
1869
65
1873
1865
1866
60
73
66
1874
1875
1876
41
1877
35
86
38
Thus it is seen that when there were but three colleges in the state,
Mary. Washington, & Hampden Sydney, & before the inauguration of the
the numbers were eftimes
less than they are now. . .
It is to be
University,
Wm &
observed
that
1865 the
since
There
is
given.
students
before 1800,
are
of the
average
The
College
and
Chemical
additions,
not
in
Buildings &
much
out
is
of
the
for
age
scholar.
apparatus
chiefly
combined
reason
were,
Grammar
College
Hotel,
some
number
and
the
probably
in
College &
a portion
scholarship,
Grammar
School
of those termed
not
a white ahead
. . .
Grounds,
of
of
because.. .
this
order,
although with the exception
need
in
respectable
U.
S.
Public
some
order.
of the
The Philosophical
The Library has received some
repairs.
Documents. . .
Benj.
S.
Ewell
�659;
AND
WILLIAM
Ms.
Visitors
has
Faculty
The
and
OF
Hon.
valued
of
the
C.
Third
AND
MARY
22,
S.
Ewell
to
26,
June
to Visitors,
July
1902,
2,
p.
213.
1878.]
Library by the Hon. John Goode,
Faculty, Mrs Colonel Preston of
of her beautiful poems and Mr Wyndham
College
of
Vols.
given "
B.
1860
4th July
the
Sparks Life of Washington". . .
COLLEGE, [
1846- 1879],
Not paged.
1879]
presented a copy of his " Addresses
to the library of the College; .. .
Winthrop. . .
Series,"
has
That the President of the College be requested to convey
C.]
Robt.
of the Faculty to Mr. [
Winthrop for his
thanks
donation ...
WILLIAM
Report
dated
Feb.
Robert
Speeches,
grateful
has
WILLIAM
Meeting,
Resolved the
previous
two
presented
of Abingdon
BOOK
FROM
report
in the
Lexington
RECORD
to
additions
mentioned
Robinson
Report
Minutes.
the
Besides
RECORD
COLLEGE
MARY
AND MARY
and
April
COLLEGE
18,
1879,
Notwithstanding
expediency
it would
of
Address
PAPERS,
President
concerning
these
Folder
58,
Benjamin
S.
Ms. &
Ewell
the possibility
disappointments,
pamphlet
to
the
my opinions
and virtually
of
in relation
of moving the College have undergone no change.
to replace,
not less than 80, 000 dollars
require
be abandoned
Board
Visitors,
of moving the College]
to the
If moved,
elsewhere)
property
will
lost.
The Peninsula is increasing in wealth and population. . .
Within five years a Railrodd will be constructed
Richmond
through
Williamsburg. . .
down the Peninsula
from
�660:
WILLIAM
WHIG,
RICHMOND
From
QUARTERLY,
COLLEGE
MARY
AND
about
1,
May
2nd
Vol.
series,
X,
86.
p.
1879.]
The president' s house attached to William and Mary College caught fire on
April
Thursday,
steep French
and citizens
from
24,
The
destruction.
and
roof
no
from
a
in
two
it
sparks
broke
fire
was
out
ladder,
burning
and narrowly escaped
and owing to the
chimney,
places at
difficult
once,
to
control.
The
students
Among the most
prevented a disaster.
R. A.
was Mr.
workers
conspicuous
Lively, whose prompt attendance with a patent
This house was built in 1732
probably saved the building.
pump arrangement
under
Lafayette,
and was accidently burnt by the French troops
on their way
in 1781.
to the battle of Yorktown
It was then rebuilt by Louis XVI out of
worked
and
faithfully
and
private funds,
destroyed
the college.
has
his
survived
the fires
which have
since
then
so often
It is the only house in Virginia built by a reigning
sovereign.
College of Wiliam and Mary
Williamsburg,
Mr.
A.
Robert
MT
dear
Va.,
May 6th,
1879
Lively,
Sir:
By
of
request
the
College
authorities,
I write
to
thank
you for your successful efforts in extinguishing a most threatening fire in
roof of the house assigned to the President of this College as a dwelling.
in truth, add,
I must,
that but for a simple machine you had at work your
would have
efforts
the
were
have
would
was
no
of
means
been
been
to
no
given
check
in
to
With the Fountain Pump and Sprinkler you
vain.
worth
saving $ 4, 000
of
purpose;
the fire,
though water was
Benj . §.
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Department
of
COLLEGE
property,
without it your labor
till you brought the pump to bear there
PAPERS,
Folder
Ewell,
in abundance
Pres.
Coll.
and workmen.
Wm. &
Mary
102.
State
Washington July 8th 1879
Sir:
I
one
herewith
copy
of
for
transmit
the " Reports
the
upon the
College
survey
of Wm. &
Mary Library Williamsburg,
of the boundary between the territory
of the United States and the possessions of Great Britain from the Lake of
the
Woods
approved
to
the
summit
of
the
Rocky
mountains"
authorized
March 19th 1879.
Wm M.
Evarts
by an act of Congress,
�al.
Folder
IBID.,
21
R.
Brock,
A.
Dear
16,
Oct.
Richmond,
1879.
Esq.,
Sir: -
A•
Co.,
good
I
one
years
of the
and
Mary
many
was
of William
from
students,
as a partner in the firm of David I burr &
when,
it
directions
were
could
1717 -
and
the
done;
the
cut
was
casting
letters,
raised
in
detriment
professors,
was
of the
sent
to
the bell as nearly
repose
me
in fac-
which was
preserving the date which was
is Power",
" Knowledge
work
for
the
being
patterns
Mr James
done by my partner,
legend
bell
attain,
of
we
old
some of the frolicsome
serious
the
to recast
simile
as
the
of
and
matriculates
original
to
midnight,
at
the
subjected it in having a
the " boys"
which
to
strain
undue
ringing
of more orderly of the
Our
to be duplicated.
the
Foundry,
of the old Richmond
proprietors
College,
which had been broken by
in
time"
good
an
ago
by
whilst
hands,
own
my
the
who will be so favorably
Pae,
recollected as my partner for so many years under the firm name of Samson
and Pae.
The
of
its
by
supplied
bell
consumed
the
College
I
me,
building
fell a victim to the flames which
presume,
in
If not I would
1859.
be glad to be advised
fate.
Very truly yours,
Thomas Samson
the " Richmond
From
Dispatch,"
OLD
Editors
of the
Two
to
by
his
serving
After
have
I
in
are
the
bell
were
by
at
the
the
Richmond
to
bears
been
the
and
date " 1717"
informed
formed
a
Mary
alluded
College,
They were preserved with the pious
Thomas
late
presented
and
H.
Wynne
and
Foundry,
by his widow.
from
boyhood,
throughout
his
when
life.
They are of the
a little more than half an inch.
me
the
other "
part
of
the
A.
edge"
in
raised
letters,
legend, " Knowledge
is Power".
Brock
Miss Elizabeth Brock presented fragments of bell which were in her
fragments
Note:
See
of William
my possession.
antiquary
they
old
R.
father'
1879
BELL'.
bell metal and are in thickness
fragment
which
of
apprenticeship
death
his
typical
One
inborn
an
VIRGINIA
17,
Dispatch:
fragments
Samson,
Mr.
of
care
Oct.
Friday,
s
of the
to the Library
possession
Richmond Times
to Editor,
of letter
copy
folder 21,
College
Papers.]
of Wm. &
Dispatch,
Mary in 1926.
Sept.
17,
1926,
in
�5A2.
111
LIPPINCOTT'
Article
S MAGAZINE
David
by
H.
A VISIT
this
At
is
furnished
TO
the
Sir
by
THE
OF
that
Wren -
adapted
to
April
1879,
years
ago]
402.
p.
vault]
OLD
VIRGINIA.
his
visit
30
was
the
college
in Williamsburg.
The original plans
not in his ambitious
style,
however,
extant
Christopher
and
College
states
edifice
AND SCIENCE,
LITERATURE
In
SHRINES
author
imposing
economical
plain,
brick
date [
most
the
OF POPULAR
Strother;
the
reminding
purpose,
one
of the
old
were
but
London
It
stands
in a spacious
the
of the past century.
campus,
to which is guarded by two stunted live- oaks and a statue of Norborne
architecture
entrance
baron
Berkeley,
of
Botetourt. . .
VOO
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Record
from
Report
of
COLLEGE
PAPERS,
Folder
58
Also
Ms. (
in Wm &
Mary College
1860- 1902)
President
Ewell
to
Board
of
Visitors.
1,
July
1881]
000
The
number
of
wcoming
Respecting
from
matriculates
the
policy
circumstances,
the
in
rapidly
of
view
the
of
vitality
for
the
Session
of
1880- 81
is
12
most
of
them
a distance. . .
the
of
opinions
keeping
of
the
approaching
College,
the
College
Faculty
Yorktown
open,
have
in
spite
undergone
Centennial,
no
of
adverse
change.
proof
Now,
of the continued
ought to be given.
The College Hotel ought not to be offered for sale just now at any rate.
If
the
College
occupied
Mr
by
is
restored
R.
Richardson &
it
would
be
family,
family. . . for the purpose of preserving
be made to rent this property. . .
The
rent.
his
Brafferton
For
care
care
to
was
vacated
last
a necessity.
The main Building is
and the Kitchen by a colored man &
the
summer.
property. . .
It
was
too
renewed
much
efforts
out
of
order
I allowed
Mr J.
S.
Charles
to move into it.
protection
he has paid a fair
improvements,
rent & he has extended a
its
and
the
entire
College
premises,
When
vacant,
The
College
will
to
By
like
Hutel &
. . .
were
objects
of injury & depredation.
All these houses are
occupied with the condition of being vacated on demand.
While Dr R.
A . Wise,
was Professor in the College he applied to the Faculty
for the use of a vacant room as an armory for his Company.
This was granted. . .
The Company has,
since
its formation,
had
This
room
is yet used as an armory.
Braffetton
in
its
ranks
College
Students,
and
it has
been
a
benefit
to
the
Institution. . .
�663,
roof
The
Architect
of
the
College,
bad
a
was
the
rather
or
The
job.
slating,
done by direction of
too large, & during heavy winds
are
slate
the
it
is dangerous to walk in the College yard because of the broken pieces of
blown
slate,
new
than
be
roof.
At a more propitious time the putting on of
recommended.
in
appearance
must
usual
the
to
decent
a
assume
from
ought
slate
be
expended
must
Patching
October [ Yorktown
in
Some
repairs.
till
answer
Painting,
To
then.
centennial] .. .
a
greater
Whitewashing
sum
and
replacing of broken window glass being included.
4,
00
S.
Benj .
WILLIAM
Ms.
AND MARY
Visitors
COLLEGE
RECORD
FROM
Ewell
4th July
to
1860
26,
June
1902,
229.
p.
Minutes]
At a Meeting of the Board of Visitors of the College of William and Mary held
at
the
of the
residence
A• report
from
Resolved:
Rector
President
James
Benjamin
Lyons,
S.
on.. .
Ewell
was
the 15th day of June 1882.
received
and
read.-
That the College of William and Mary shall be continued for
the reception and education of students for the year commencing the 2nd Monday
in October 1882 and ending July the 4th 1883 and that the present Faculty oontinue
to
discharge
WILLIAM
that
during
AND MARY
Just
before
the
the duties attached to their professorships.
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
of President
Report
period,
Folder 58 Ms.
Ewell
to
Board
termination
of
of Visitors.
the
regular
m.
d.
Session
1882]
of
the
Legislature,
it
was intimated to me that if an offer was made to give the State control of
the College on condition of its being endowed and established as the State
Normal
The
a
School
lower
ebb
than
Students, &
The
trust,
with
411
one
be
received
of
the
College
it
has
been
or
two
is
since
primary
with
favor.
such
as
to
1786...
scholars.
It
require
has
first
legislature
furniture,
the
step is to memorialize
College
Buildings,
including
remnant
of
a
of
State
its
endowment,
Normal School
and to use
for
but
some
It
action.
threee,
bona
is
at
fide,
Its Faculty has but two Professors. ..
the
the
support
it would
condition
Whites;
them
then,
to
accept
and
to
hold,
in
apparatus and Library,
for the
foundation
to so change
the
and
College
�Laws,
the Charter,
necessary,
control
and govern
should
if
or,
authorities
be
by
made
the
Charter
the United
the
which
remain
States
State
Board
undisturbed.. .
was a Charter
that a Board
the
could
appointed
An
Institution.
become
of your
the
College
valued
Grounds &
Lot
of
in
is
1, 500
8, 000
apparatus
100
Petersburg
near
acres
600
- - - -
3, 500
1, 500
House
Brafferton
College
state. . .
might
thus,
65, 000
at
land
Presidents
2, 000
Hotel
Houses &
own,
enclosures
furniture &
Library
and,
part
To no other Institution of learning
given by the English Crown/ .
Property proposed to be turned over to
The Main College Building 145 feet front by
42 feet deep, with two Wings 60 by 30 ft.
The
by the State
arrangement
in
lots
4, 000
Williamsburg
86, 100
which
To
Mayo
add
of
balance
endowment
33, 900
10, 000
debt
43, 900
Total
of
which
complete
30 000
order
Dolls.
130, 000
value
will pay all college
Buildings &
liabilities
Benj .
WILLIAM
Ms.
AND
MARY
Visitors
COLLEGE
RECORD
Bursar'
Minutes.
and put in
grounds. ..
FROM
s
4th July
Report,
1860
July 31,
S.
Ewell.
to
June
26,
1902,
1884.]
1883
Oct
13
24
Nov]
Decr
by
cash
pd]
C.
A
J
hardware
Stnton
Brooks
11
D.
II
M Donnegan
for
S Jones
6 70
bricks
2 50
for
Lumber
63 00
for
Cement
13 75
p.
239.
�665,
IBID.,
Ms/
231.
p.
Visitors
Minutes.
Meeting
held
Dec.
Richmond,
in
13,
1883]
0041,
Resolved the
buildings
That
and
in
the
of
opinion
the
of William &
it
Visitors,
it has come to the knowledge
desireable
to
use
that
Company,
it
Be
they
on the same
that
Resolved
must
only for Collegiate
of this Board that the use of the College
Building may effect the insurance
Therefore
Mary College
is
and
literary purposes.
The following preamble and Resolution was offered by Col Wm Lamb and
adopted Whereas the Wise Light Infantry a volunteer militia Company of
the City of Williamsburg,
originally composed to a considerable extent of
and
of the College are now using a lecture room as their Armory,
students
grounds
resident be requested to inform the
the
their
remove
and that for the present they
Armory,
be allowed to use a room in the Brafferton House for the purpose of an Armory,
provided that the President
occupancy and use.
IBID.,
Ms.
p.
obtain
from the underwriters
1884
Jany 4
Bursar'
Minutes.
By
Cash
paid
s
Report,
Purcell
C
15
R.
July
1]
Laborers
G.
Sundry
pp.
Report
Minutes.
First the college
the
Co
1884]
Glass
Cutter
3
Barlow
etc
bills
Mechanics
for
93
12
Carpentering
50
15
hardware
00
237 75
repairs
Materials
160
00
240- 242.
Visitors
With
July 31,
Ladd &
J Sinton
Feb]
Ms.
for suhh
239.
Visitors
IBID.,
permission
exception
of
B.
S.
Ewell
to
Visitors,
Aug.
4,
1884]
building
of
the
roof,
which
was
slated
by
contract &
badly
done
�666.
which
plastering,
order.
in tolerable
the
is
been
in
some
parts
the
of
year
of the
best
the
exterior
that
certain
down,
walls
Their
quality.
advised
ago,
fallen
Building
1883. 84 -
the
During
pointed with cement
body, several years
carefully
that your
such
has
it
have
condition
was
specified
portions of them be stuccoed so soon as the college funds admitted the expense.
The improvement
needs
roof
Tin
a
recommends
of their stability
roof
The
glance.
by what has been done may be seen at a
as
durable &
being
whom I consulted
Rives,
Col
attention.
lately
cheap an alternative is to reslate
using the slate under the roof but putting between the slate and the
it,
not
and
under
to water & used in this way
Patching
partly impervious
water is forced
for in hard driving rains,
the leaking
stop
between
the
It
slate.
the
till
the
renew,
the
cloth
a
sheathing
roof will
worth
not
is
of
defects
to
while
roof
the
are
attempt
to
remedied,
patch, or
all necessary
The glass is
plastering
of the chapel.
glazing has been done excepting to the windows
Hard winds & want of care in raising & lowering
is easily broken
very large &
the windows caused most of the breakage
The blinds ought to hate been put
on
out
the
of
side
these
windows might be protected
or
by
wire
of the
on
The
the inside.
exterior
of these
cheap
lattice
wooden
is
far
better,
with
into these details as long as the College
Grounds are Kept in good order so long may a hope be entertained
of
restoration
the
roof &
the
not
by moving the blinds from the inside to the outside,
with a
covering the exteriors
cost.
but for the
I have gone
Building &
that
and
windows
the
To preserve the building it is necessary
Institution.
receive
walls
proper
To prevent
attention.
the yard be-
coming a neglected common repairs of the inclosure have been made when in my
judgement
these
is
lines
about
4/ 5 of
a
mile.
Posts.
is wanted.
The
for
of
length
have been substituted for some of the old decayed ones and a further
rails &
supply
The
necessary.
college
been
has
Philosophical &
The
use.
furniture
but
little
injured &
most of it is now fit
Chemical apparatus especially the former is in
a fair condition though more corroded by the want of handling than it would
have
been by careful use.
library is in as good
The
condition
as
it
has
been
since
1860,
and
is
occasionally increased by Government Documents and by gifts from authors &
Publishers.
College
The
than
let
a
shell,
Hotel
indifferently
demanded
until
for
is
constructed
its
legitimate,
in
bad
order
purposes
Not
much
more
it had as well be
alone.
The same may be said of Braferton.
House
The
attachment
year
to
assigned
the
to
the
Kitchen &
servants
To conalud
essentials
comfortable -
rooms have been repaired
I will
state
an
during the present
that the Buildings
the amt is difficult to
year
report stated what I think should
such a sum as
appropriating
than 300 dollars which will
chapel
windows
patching
portions of the inclosure
4111
all
down.
current
the
in
the roof and other parts being so much decayed as to be in danger of
fallifig
this
is
President
the
college
the walls,
glazing, & protecting
painting,
roof for temporary protection &
renewing decayed
finish
the
will need same work during the
I have in the first part of
be done in this respect
I prefer your
fund will afford,
certainly not less
estimate
�667.•
IBID.,
232.
p.
Minutes.
Visitors
Ms.
and
Hotel
WILLIAM
AND MARY
the Saunders
lot,
A.
Bright
to
house
and lot.. .
Genl.
Taliaferro.]
Sept.
Williamsburg
of
Citizens
for
of
Board
by
Mr.
is
no
approves
objection
School
to
wish
use
and
of
one
the
Crump
Judge
The Methodist
consent.
will
Visitors
There
that
I
can
RECORD
COLLEGE
Report
Minutes.
Visitors
in
rooms
he
says
Old
is
will
of
occupied
it
as
1880
was
made
till
The
College
short time.
cation
in
Property
Spencer.. .
William
a
the
teacher. ..
see
the
to
FROM
of
B.
to
Ewell
college
observed [ and]
to
4th July 1860
S.
the
of
use
and
of
Finances
the
[
Visitors,
the
26,
1902,
P.
26,
for]
Ins.
Nov.
June
1885]
of the present
by advice
College. ..
room
of the
the renting and collection of the rents of the Saunders
the College Hotel and the Brafferton has been placed in the hands of
House,
for
if
committee,
executive
Mr.
the
Mary
willing,
be the
There is but little to report to you at this time outside
condition
Wm &
Ewell]
provided the college rules are
the college is put to no expense.. .
AND MARY
WILLIAM
1884
25
Pastor
purposes -
assents &
Ms.
Ewell
Col
added
Note
Co.
Williamsburg
school.
a
1884]
Folder 128.
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
Robert
from
7,
Aug.
that the President of the Faculty be requested to sell the
Resolved;
College
Note
in Norfolk,
held
Meeting
the
Like
for
College
Steward,
other
it by Mr.
present time.
Hotel
until
vacant
R.
was
vacated
After
1880.
houses
it
Fichardson,
Until
1883 he
Col.
by
he
began
left
to
be
Harrison,
it.. . it
abused.
who
was
vacant
An
appli-
and he has lived in it from late
was
acting
as
College
Steward--
�668.
had
first
College
Students,
of
Boarders
as
took
repairs
were
possession
be made
him for
allowance
rent.
notified
I
less
impossible
to
is
gave him permission
for some months.
It
College
to
have
would
making his
is due. . . Mr.
to
to
Up
be
then
Grammar
Scholars.
and it was agreed
Dec.
1883
required,
account,
now
say what
I
rent
and
needed,
repairs.
that
him
He
repairs.
it
Charles
he was
in
lives
this
the
he
that a proper
not
and he owes
and until
When
liable
for
for 1884- 85,
is done
it is
Brafferton.
When
it *nth
occupy
his family it had not been inhabited
was so abused I judged it to be the interest of the
occupied. . .
it
Since he has been there he has aided in taking
care of the premises and keeping off trespassers and in doing such work as
time
his
by
some
will
for rents
two
other
the
respect
lines
to
is
keeping
enclosure,
of
premises.. .
to
the
future
The
action.
continue
it
in
in
etc.,
If these buildings
be done. ..
it is as much as can
With
but
in
allow
rdpairs
of
its
College,
the
to
is
one
present
turn
there
it
are
to
over
condition,
He
order.
has
improved
can' t be kept habitable
it
the
seems
to
State,
and
me
the
paying off its debts and
taking all possible care of the College Property. . .
AHD MARY
WILLIAM
Report
p.
COLLEGE
of John
A.
PAPERS,
Wise,
Folder
Bursar,
257A
Richmond,
Va.
Nov.
21st.
1885]
6]
1885
Jan.
July
By
cash
pd Henley
1st
By
cash
pd.
Sintons
1st
By
By
cash
pd.
pd.
Repairs
T.
Jones
bill,
3)
hardware
11. 15
8)
paints & c
12. 85
doee
July
July
1st
cash
Fenton & Jones,
lumber
10)
84. 50
11)
249. 50
IBID.
Report
of
John
A.
Wise,
Bursar,
Richmond,
July 15.
1886]
1886]
July]
1 " " " " " " "[
1
0.
4
u
if
It
Ii " "
by
n
It
cash
II
pd.
It
Ewell]
It
Repairs ( 10)
work
on
library ( 11)
268. 43
27. 50
�669.•
IBID.,
Folder
Photograph
In
his
of
clipping.
recent " Old
concerning
From
South"
the present
The
round,
22.
the
Boston
Christian
lecture. . . Fdwin
sad condition
D.
September
Register,
Mead.. .
spoke
as
23,
1886]
follows
of William and Mary College, in Virginia:
old
as
grey- haired President[ Ewell],
to the college,
goes
and has the old
formality to still retain the charter..
each
October
comes
college bell rung,
the old grey- haired
president, with whom I talked there in these last May days,
believes that the bell will yet be heard. . ."
a
as
OF WILLIAM
COLLEGE
Letter
AND MARY,
CIRCULARS
from
R.
to
N.
H.
Dawson
Sec.
OF
of
.
INFORMATION,
Interior,
Jan.
1887,
20,
Adams,
7, 8.
p.
1887]
040
The
in
old
halls
classic
October,
college
at
closed
are
Doctor
Ewell
Williamsburg.. .
has
and
At the opening of every academic year,
deserted.. .
causes
the
chapel
not
now
bell
to
a
be
student.
single
rung,
reminding
Its
Williams-
burg that the ancient college still lives.. .
WILLIAM
Report
AND MARY
COLLEGE
of
John
A.
By
cash
pd.
Wise,
PAPERS,
Folder
Bursar,
Richmond,
257
A
Va.
July 6th 1887.]
1887]
March
B.
Long -
Binding
books
33. 00
004
July
"
"
"
repairs,
Col.
Ewell -
249. 86
040
On Nov.
4th 1886 The Saunders
for Twelgie
Hundred
TUCKER- COLEMAN
House
and Lot were
sold to Miss Wootten
Dolls...
PAPERS [ On deposit
in CWI Archives]
The
Thorndike Boston.
Rev
Dr
Aug
24th /
87
Ewell
My dear Sir
In
reply
to yours
of
18th
would
state
that
my information
agrees
�h70 o.
with
that
yours
the
Harvard
to
paid
was
money
by
Wm &
Mary -
My agents
in
London are willing to undertake all the researches connected with this matter
at their own risk and expense provided you will write a letter giving them
The College is at no outlay in any way
I take the liberty of enclosing copy of such a letter as would
to them be satisfactory
I have forwarded the two pamphlets to London and
will be pleased to have duplicates I wish you would send me circulars
third
one
interest
the
in
results -
whatsoever.
or any printed matter bearing upon the needs of the College specially as
tea with
of
Library,
the
regards
the
Let
a
week
you
only
for
Library
before
Y.
N.
the
know how
me
the
in Congress.
your claim stands
fire in 1859 I then wrote an
Post. . .
Evening
I
took
account
I next entered Williamsburgh
with the army the day of the battle and can vouch for the condition of the
Library - I am more than willing to act without expense as the official
agent of Wm &
Mary College to secure funds and books so soon as authorized
byyou.. .
Very truly Ys
C.
Genl
AND MARY
WILLIAM
Copy
of
from
letter
When
the
delay,
occupy a part
both of
Dr Wise,
now
renew,
President'
were
for
most
offering
of
any other
room &
servants
the
whom
be
Norton]
to
Rev.
S.
O.
Barteni,
D. D.,
30 Aug.,
1887]
Hubard]
to a Professorship in the
the Board of my intention to invite him
him [ Dr.
I informed
of
to
I
elected
could
Morton [
Folder 103.
Ewell
S.
Benj .
Visitors
without
College,
PAPERS,
COLLEGE
B.
House,
s
several
the
rooms
did
I
as
Dr Wilmer &
years its inmates. . .
in the house, with
convenience
within
afterwards
This
invitation
a good Kitchen
reach. . .
it is my opinion that the President of the College ought to occupy
President'
the
1848,
and
it
time,
members
its
A
found
that
that
by
I
house,
s
that
had
been,
from
saving
of the
in
this
at
part
had
house
When
least.
not
been
rented
previously,
by
1862 to 1865 it has,
College
the
Faculty -
I came
occupied,
President
to the
at
all,
Dew,
continuously,
President
being,
College
in
for two years,
for
been
Since
years.
tenanted
invariably,
one
of
occupants.
VISIT
TO
Extracts
The
dropping
WILLIAMSBURG
from
letters
church
stands
to pieces.
IN
1887
written
,
to
Papers
her
in an English
Some
of
them
go
in
sisters
Chronological
File.
by Mrs. Daniel Coil Gilman]
churchyard
back
over
full of beautiful
two
hundred
tombs
years. . . .
all
The
�trees and the grass grow thick there and the roses here and in every door
of the
yard
place
riot.
run
simply
Every mouldering
old chimney had its
ivy and its ambitious rose bush blambering after it and every old fence
borne
down
with
was
heavy
with
fagrance.
was
silence
was
untrimmed
next
The
of
the
and
day
the
she
drove
the
look
the
and
roses
the
college
The
cyringas.
Here
grounds.
air
too
all
neglected
enough.
.. .
and her father came in and showed us some
the
place [
old
and
college]
and
books
and
opened
the
old
buildings
It is a most pathetic
dreary decay, and no
has been burnt several times,
has grown poorer
and poorer until it could no longer support a faculty,
so the students
have
and Colonel Ewell,
the last President,
is left alone.
Once a year he
gone
rings the bell to let the world know that old William and Mary still is
of youth.
The rest of his time he
ready to do its part in the education
gives to hopeless efforts to rouse once more the dead and gone public interest.
The public has long ago forgotten all about poor old William and Mary and the
cows are grazing peacefully in the playgrounds and the old walls are crumbling
away and when the old Colonel goes,
I suppose all traces of the place will
us
dusty
sad
Scott]
Mrs.
of
to
The grass grows high and the trees are all
buildings
[ a
and
shrubs
We
desolation.
antiquities
showed
and
and
and
vines
full of the past with
place,
future.
The poor old college
gradually
monument,
Madison,
no
pictures.
but one
present
of
It seems as if it ought to be kept as a historic
disappear.
if nothing else, being associated
Tyler,
Marshall
and others.
with
Washington,
Jefferson,
Monroe,
1111
WILLIAM
Copy
AND MARY
of Accounts
COLLEGE
from
PAPERS,
Bursar'
Folder 257 A
report
s
of
May 5th,
1888.]
1888
May
10
By
current
repairs
since
July
1887. . .
241. 38
1888]
Jan. (]
Folder
IBID.,
Report
An
Paid
of
act
on
State
the
Superintendent
act
itself
of
Public
will
Instruction,
Pamphlet,
The College of William and Mary
Assembly of Virginia, approved
General
for the reorganization
The
10. 00
Library -
60
the
of
work
and rehabilitation
best
explain
the
basis
p.
37]
March 5,
1888,
provides
of this old historic institution.
of
the
reorganization. . .
�672.
AN ACT to Establish a Normal School at William and Mary College in
with
Connection
of
of normal
1.
it
and
1888) .
5,
the
treasury.. .
Mary, payable to
of
sum
the
course,
collegiate
a
system
training.. .
That there
enacted. . .
with
inconnection
establishing,
instruction
Be
March
It is represented that the College of William and Mary is
Whereas,
desirous
Approved
Course. (
Collegiate
its
ten
shall
thousand
be appropriated
dollars,
to the
annually
College
out of the
of William
and
the order of the Board of Visitors hereinafter mentioned:
provided that the following eonditions be complied with by the said College.
The
2.
a system of normal
course,
instruction
with the
collegiate
and training. . .
That the Board of Visitors shall hereafter consist of the existing
3.
ten
in connection
establish,
shall
College
said
appointed
of
and
members...
ten
additional
and
visitors,
associate
who
shall
be
by the Governor.. .
this
to
Pursuant
act
the
of Visitors
Board
steps were tkken to have the buildings
of
the
reception
and
professors
elected. . .
course
a
students;
properly
of
study
first
met
in
May,
1888, . ..
repaired and equipped
adopted;
was
for
a president
Accordingly the school opened on the 4th day of
The number of matriculates so far is larger than the friends
October.
of the
Institution
IBID.,
Folder
anticipated.. .
52- A
Final report of the President of the College to the Board of Visitors
Governors made May 10,
1888 immediately before the junction of the old
and
State
boards.]
004The following description of the College Buildings and their present
condition
is copied from my report to you of April 10th 1888.
fronting East, 138 By 46 feet with two Wings in the
The Main Building,
60 by 30 feet,
rear
contains
the
two halls
Chapel,
for the College
Societies,
and Nine large recitation rooms including Lecture and working rooms for
Natural
put
other
small
room -
and
fall
Much
condition.
sized.
With
ex-
been entirely renewed
roof -
contract
work-
and the roof has leaked ever since causing the plastering
in many of the rooms.
The framing of the roof is in
badly,
on
crack
good
one
1865.
since
to
and
of portions of the Walls,
this Building has
When rebuilt the slate covering of the
ception
was
Chemistry
Philosophy &
glass
is
missing
especially
in
the
Chapel -
The
Library is separated from the main part of the Building by a substantial
brick
at
the
the
Wall.
By
entrance
event
of
a
a
little
to
fire
the
additional
Library,
originating
brick
comparative
in
another
work &
putting a fire proof door
security would be given
part of the Building. ..
it in
�673.
College
is
This
except
in passable
doorsik
new
some
needs
plastering
The
order.
Most
plastering.
thorough
draining.
house,
be
would
The
and
habitable
limited
It
1860.
since
glass a little work on the roof and
The basement needs
be patched. . .
the appearance of the exterior of the
With a cheap fence for the yard & garden &
plastering might
campus, &
porches.
out- houses,
small
and partitions,
part of the basement floor are
been
have
it
sashes,
window
of the
good
require
two
or
one
of
repairs
floors
walls,
broken &
much
is
which
The
feet.
building 57 by 40
brick
a
the
Hotel
and
above
mentioned
There
the
comfortable.
are
17
the
repairs,
in
rooms
hotel
house,
the
above
the basement of which 13 might be assigned to students and the remainder to
the family of the steward.
The
Brafferton
In 1860 the Brafferton was a comfortable dwelling with 11 rooms and the necessary
the
by
and
of
much
lecture
it
occupied by
1868
it
when
Mr John
his
was
in
and
outhouses
partially
to the Grammar
fences
and
were,
window
frames,
destroyed.
entirely,
College
the College
of Williamsburg
windows,
It furnished
School
until
students,
doors,
its
recitati m &
After
Classes.
exercises
were
suspended
his family were allowed to live in it in return for
Charles &
services
of
striped
repaired.
cheaply &
till 1868
rooms,
and after the evacuation
war,
was
The
flooring.
its
was
it
forces,
Confederate
1865
In
the
During
fences-
outhouses &
the
protecting
College
During
property.
the short
time
it
was unoccupied much injury was done by some of the lawless people of the town
To fix
vicinity.. .
With
to 2000 Dolls.
immediate
from
1500
the
dwelling, would require
sum 8 rooms for students could
Brafferton
a much less
for
a
be preparedThe President' s House.
In every respect this house is in a better condition now than it was in 1848,
same
Dollars
cedar
of
true
is
and the
hundred
would
its
put
it
outhouses
in
fair
and
From seventy
fences.
order.
In
1848,
a wattle
five
to one
fence made
of
formed a large part of the enclosure of the college lot.
brush,
In compliance with the request of the Rector several attempts have been made
to get a definite estimate of the cost of needed repairs.
Benj .
IBID.,
Letter
of
M.
P.
W.
T.
President.. .
Ewell.
Jones.]
Ms.
23,
Folder
S.
Thompson
to
Williamsburg
Judge.
W.
T.
Dear
I
Va
2 Aug 1888
Jones
Warner
am
worn
out
by having
to
give
my
whole
time
to
the
repairs
of
the
�674..
a
and by the thousands of vexatious annoyances connected
hope that you will not think me as presuming too far if I say
Buildings,
College
it. .. I
with
few
I have
regard
in
words
portion
to
the
College
business,
especially
the
financial
of it.. .
done my best in repairing the College Buildings
Have purchased all
It is all
in the most economical way.
having regard to quality.
supervised
the Work.
and I have personally
I wish to say a few words
material
good.
in regard to the condition of these buildings that you may not think
the amount expended in repairing them to be unreasonable ...
The
College
Hotel
The
College
Building -
All
old
of
Slate
be
to
room
patched,
be
the
roofs
access
broken,
to
with
There
chimneys,
and
are
left.
possession
the
defacements
the
other
around
work
in
the
the
eaves
interior.
the falling water would
The plastering in every
and the whole to be washed
made
by
others
visitors &
and the glass in all
costly,
out.
The Cupola had also to be
and
size
minor
windows
I
work
Wood
over
who
have
Besides all this at least 200 panes of glass
Buildings.
large
out
repairs
of perpendicular.
which I do not
the Sash to
repaired &
Many of the locks
In the
mention.
Chapel
the Carpenter tells me today that no 10 panes of
large & costly I mention all these things that
to do,
and I wish you to put the Board in
This
what
see
you may
Brick
much
where
gutters,
the [ illegible[ Wings.
of
cover
of
were
eight large
glass
also
The
possible.
being ready to fall
was
leaking badly &
It
painted.
to
many
reputtied
gone.
as
and the ceilings of the condors and of several of the
to fall)
Others to be extensively
patched.
free
had
wreck. . .
supplied with
roof
it twice
were
far
as
repaired,
the
of
much
complete
The roof leaking all over had to be entirely reslated.
be entirely renewed, ( being ready
all the side walls to be repaired
to
rooms
a
used
was
Building
the
A portion of
have injured
was
the
glass
have had
of all those facts lest any one might think that the money appro-
expended
To provide all the
priated for repairs have been injudiciously
material and different articles needed for these repairs and to see in person
the proper execution
There
are no
Hotel
in very
the
of the work has taken all my time subjected me to
vexations
enumerable
and
lodgings
beinghick
for
(
servants
dilapedated
Furniture
grounds.
purchased,
also
buildings. ..
except
has completely
an
old
place to
description,
and
No
condition.
of
every
furniture
for
some
too)
the
College.
frame
put
broken me down.. .
house
coal.
stores
Grates
of
or
near
College
No privy on
all
Kinds
stoves
for
to
We shall have also to meet expenses for repairs constantly occurring. ..
Ikee
IBID.,
Letter
Folder
of
P.
Ms.
23,
M.
Thompson
to
W.
T.
Jones]
Williamsburg 14. 13 August 1888
Judge.
W.
T.
be
both
Jones
My Dear Warner
Your
letter
was
duly
recd.
I have
been
so
long
delayed
in
�675.
repairing
the Buildings
that it will be so near the time for the Meeting
the Board before they can be finished that I have concluded
Such
then.
a
of
mass
ruins
have
I
had
never
to
do
with
before.
Every day
A
something absolutely needed to preserve them is discovered.
In this
and they would have fallen to pieces.
more
of neglect,
of things
I fear
of
expectations
in
every
the
the
expense
Board.
of repairs
not much.
but
will
somewhat
few years
condition
exceed
I have tried my best
the
to economise
It being impossible to consult with the Board I have been
way.
compelled
that
of
to remain until
to assume
the responsibility
of making
repairs
absolutely
Finance
Comm.,
necessary
to keep the Buildings from falling to ruin.. .
IBID.,
Folder
Ms.
103,
from
Letter
Ewell
Judge
to
W.
T.
Jones,
of
Chm.
22
Aug.
Under
authority given by the enclosed
paring the College Building for
order,
I have expended
in
workmen
cleaning &
1888.]
the
since May 10th in preremoving debris in
draining the yard and in caring for such College property as I though liable
to
injury
for
to
August
17th
There
is
further
Philosophical
which
IBID.,
I
of
all
account
if the
to
Lecture
cannot,
Folder
226,
be
to
expenses
in
hLd
to
pay
I have
objected
done,
rooms -
to,
Pnich
H.
Dear
E.
Excuse me for requesting,
cash.
an order be given me for its payment in
principally
i.
date
to
33. Dolls
to August 22nd inclusive-
addition -
will
require
the
Library &
care &
Chemical
attention -
the
and
cost
state...
accurately,
Ms.
Williamsburg,
To W.
Richmond. . .
enclosed &
this
is not
work
for
Postage &
account
by
as
For
5. 50 Dolls that,
of
little
a
Morecock,
Va.,
Sept:
22,
1888
Sir:
Treasurer
Issue checks on building fund for repairs of Brafferton Hotel to John S.
Charles $ 60.;
woodshed
to W.
and kitchen $
H.
Sweeny $
43. 20;
100
for
for
wells
work
$
as
follows:
earth-
14. 30.
Lyon
G.
Tyler
closets $
42. 50;
�676,,,.
IBID.,
To
W.
H.
E.
Issue
to
233 A
Folder
to
for
Nos.
6.
5&
Treasurer
Morecock -
checks
order
my
Ms.
Archie
for $ 50
Brooks
dollars
seventy ( 70)
for work
on account
G.
Lyon
September
IBID.,
26-
'
Tyler
House
and
fund.
Pres' t
88
Folder 23.
COLLEGE
ANNOUNCEMENT.
p.
on Presidents
of Building
OF WILLIAM
AND MARY.
1888
(
Pamphlet)
This institution has been reorganized and reopened under more favorable
It supplies a defect long felt in our system of public education
4]
circumstances.
by providing for a normal course as well as a collegiate course.
The buildings
IBID.,
Folder
of
Letter
have been lately repaired. . .
Ms.
23,
Thompson
M.
P.
of the college
T.
W.
to
Jones]
Williamsburg
Judge
W.
There
to
are
100
or
Va.
17 January 1889
Jones
T.
Dear
...
Warner
now
98
matriculates,
We will have
more.
and the number will in a few days be increased
fit up the hyOrerton ,
and enlarge the dining
to
room accommodations for their reception and it may be necessary to borrow
about $ 1000
necessary
to
those
accomplish
before
the
Board
but this will not probably be
purposes,
I think that 100 students will
in July.
Meeting
be fully as many as it is desirable to have to the College Buildings and
that any surplus had better be scattered in the Town. . .
MSS.
FKOM:
NOTEBOOK -
Lent Research
Dept.
MRS.
CYNTHIA
BEVERLEY
TUCKER
COLEMAN
by Miss Elizabeth Coleman
1889)
Dear
Mr
Tyler
The family of Gilder as represented by the Editors of the Critic and
Century
desire
to
return
to William
and
Mary
College
the
Sun- dial
taken
by
�677.
their
Father
during the
favoring
of
the
College
me
the
medium
for
the
late
its
War
in " order
to preserve
at this time,
restoration
of
execution
their
wishes.
it".
The reopening
they have kindly made
While regretting that
the arrival of the dial was too late for the ceremonies of the 4th it is
still gratifying to me to return it during the session of the Board of Visitors.
With
best
my
wishes
and
congratulations,
I
am
Very sincerely,
Cynthia Beverley Tucker Coleman)
WILLIAM
AND MARY
of
Report
COLLEGE
William &
PAPERS,
Mary
Folder
College
for
60.
the
year
June
ending
30,
1889]
11]
p.
the register for the session shows the names of 102 students;
of whom 82 were State
12] ...
p.
The
for
State
Spencer
buildings
students
as
steward,
a
of the
boarding-
College
house,
have
under
been
the
put
in
fair
supervision
and
repair;
of Mr.
R.
Lee
was operated last session...
13] ...
p.
the
By
sun-
dial
was
taken
IBID.,
Annual
p.
students. ..
1]
that
off
Folder
of individuals,
old relics,
generosity
stood so many years before the President'
during the war,
like
s
the
house,
ancient
but
which
found their way back again...
60.
Report
of
the
College
of
William
and
Mary
for
the
year
ending
June
.. .
At the session which has just closed there were 188 students and
a
faculty
of
nine
professors.
30,
1890]
�678..
Folder
IBID.,
Annual
p.
1]
60.
of
Report
the
of William &
College
Mary
for
the
Reorganized
30,
IBID.,
after
a
suspension
of
seven
under
years,
the
act
1888,
5,
March
Folder
Carpenter &
boarding
work
on
house
Also
letters
are
Norfolk
dormitory
or
Chapel.
there
224
Peebles,
Folder
IBID.,
224.
folder
In
1893.
between
and
a
hospital
correspondence
Robert
concerning
architects,
with
for
the
M.
Hughes
and
the building of
and doing
College,
contractors,
E.
W.
Johnson.]
60.
Annual Report of the Faculty to the Board of Visitors
1892- 93]
1]
The attendance
at the college
Of this
119 were
number
during the past session
received
as
State
was 204 students
students. . .
8] ...
Since the last session Congress has at length thought
fit to recognize . . .
the claims of this college to damages for losses inflicted upon it by Federal
during the war.
Forty- five thousand dollars of this fund has been
for investment
in State bonds. ..
The
set apart by the Board of Visitors
balance,
to $ 20, 000,
amounting
will be used to pay attorneys and other fees
troops
incurred
infirmary
in
prosecuting
the
for the students
claim
before
and a spacious
Congress,
as
also
set of dormitories
to
erect
an
for their
accommodation.
p.
1891]
William and Mary appears to have entered on a new
of life and prosperity. . .
At the session which has just closed there were 182 students. ..
lease
p.
June
ending
. ..
approved
p.
year
9]
Expenditures
Repairs
from
July
1,
1892,
to
June
30,
1893
4]
1, 152.
83
�679.
Folder 24.
IBID.,
TWO HUNDREDTH
ANNIVERSARY
OF THE CHARTER OF THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM
Pamphlet)]
AND
p.
MARY.
8]
Summary of Important Events in the History of the College.
1693- 1893.
free
The
1867.
(
shhool
of Mrs.
Mary Whaley,
founded
in
1706,
decreed
by the English High Court of Chancery to the care of the College.
March
1887,
Act of the General Assembly amending the charter and
5.
providing for normal instruction.
Act of Congress indemnifying the College for losses sustained
1893.
during the war between the States.
Folder 241.
IBID.,
hereby subscribe the amounts opposite our respective
UNDERSIGNED,
THE
WE,
names to a fund to erect an addition to the present chapel to the College of
Mary for the purpose of enlarging the present chapel room and
William &
and
beautifying
it
furnishing
and
the
addition;
the said addition to have any
rooms above the level of the present chapel which may be practicable architecsubscribed
if
the
ftnds
be payable
called the
not
earlier
turally
than
January
sufficient therefor, the subscriptions
The said addition is to be
1st 1894.
ADDITION,
TAYLOR
TAZEWELL
are
to
in honor of Tazewell Taylor of Norfolk,
who was a devoted friend of the College and until his death a member of its
Board
of
Visitors.
several
The
read together
originals
as
of
this
although
paper,
M.
J.
per
Allen
Smith
M.
H.
Watts
BRICK
WORK
COST OF CHAPEL
1)
Southern
Wall
a)
To
eaves
is
47x30 -
b)
triangle
in
eaves
Total
To
get
no.
area
is
1410
by
sq.
4741 -
ft.
306
1716
is
bricks
multiply
for
18
a
12
in.
wall
18
13728
1716
total
dollars.
Taylor
L.
Lamb
Rebecca
dollars.
dollars
dollars.
Five hundred
F.
Taylor
Tazewell
Dollars
Five hundred
Five hundred
Five hundred
of
William
R.
be
One Thousand
Hughes
M.
Robert
shall
AMOUNT.
by
family
signed,
one agreement.
NAME.
The
separately
bricks
are
30. 888
�680%
2)
Northern
Same
as
Western
3)
Wall
southern,
30. 888
or
Wall
This only goes to eaves hence
are
1410
is
area
1418
Eastern
4)
This
6
x
7
two
corners
each
over
to
width
chapel
chapel &
30 =
x
get
sq.
6, 480
31
allow $
price
12 x 30
ft.
wall -
top
6
each
x
7 - 210
total
To
of
about
hjgh.
corners
360
b)
bricks
25. 380
a wall
30 &
ft.
a)
Hence
Wall
has
equal
ft.
sq.
18
x
14
pr.
M
ft= 780
3,
sq.
bricks =
made &
105, 416
laid
14
421664
1, 05416
1475. 824
PLASTERING
Area
Southern
Western
1716
1716
"
eastern
360
ceiling
47
210
x
Allow
30)1 pr.
Total
10f/
"
"
"
"
=
47 =
30
yd.
sq.
ft.
2209 "
"
9 ) 7621
847
sq.
plastering =
Allow
"
570 "
"
sq.
1410
wall
northern
254. 10
FLOORING
pr. sq.
There are 2
area
hence
ft.
of
area
floors each 47
of
flooring
4418
sq.
ft.
is $ J i 1 . 80
x
47
or
a
total
yds.
�6814
WINDOWS &
18
at
DOORS
say $ 20
each
$
260.
WILLIAMSBURGy;
Feb.
PAINTING &
Say $
=
ROOF
500.
SUMMARY
work
1475. 82
Plastering
Flooring
254. 10
Brick
Window &
40 . 80
doors
360. 90
600. 00
roof
Painting &
3131. 72
Add
stair
COUNCIL
band gallery.
case &
MINUTES
OF
THECITY
OF
11,
1897 (
at James
City Court
22- 23.
pp.
G.
Tyler of the College of William and Mary asked that the town
charter
signed
by
the
keeping
of
College,
WILLIAM
AND MARY
President
Letter
of
Lyon
the
from
first
COLLEGE
to
PAPERS,
Robert
M.
of
friends
town- clerk,
subject
Joseph
Folder
Davenport,
be put in the safe-
The request was granted.
recall.
226.
college.]
the
Hughes
to
H.
C.
Coke.
Norfolk,
Same letter sent to a number
Va
August
15,
1898
The College of William and Mary is now more prosperous than it has been
for
years.
Its matriculates vary between 150 and 200 at different seasons
When the Collegd about ten years agorreopened the long time during which
it had been closed and resulted in the buildings getting very much out of
The only new buildings that have been constructed are an infirmary
repair.
and
dormitory
The
College
with
other
buildings. . .
has
There
nothing
absolutely
institutions
on account
is
of
very urgent need. . . It is a
the sort,
and it suffers by
of
the
a
lack
of
it. . .
gymnasium.
comparison
Hour)
�Opposite
page 682.
o
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111.
-
N„, ' -
�682.
AND
WILLIAM
In
the
brick
to
fire
the
COLTX
of
the
walls,
E
First
QUARTERLY...
which destroyed
1859,
handsome
tablet
to
Series,
Vol.
66- 67
pp.
except
John
a victim
Randolph
fell
the
flames.
June 25,
closing exercises of the College,
1
witnessed the unveiling of a new tablet...
scene
XII,
all of the College
Sir
the
At
1
MARY
1903,
an imposing
Illustration of new tablet showing inscription appears opposite
page
68.
The original inscription on the tablet to Sir John Randolph
is printed in full on page 8 of the Catalogue of the College for the
session
1859- 60.
Second
IBID.,
the
bell
the Christ
building
it
was
be
Olney
removed.
it
would
On
make
found,
College
had
II
been
Norfolk,
Road,
much
to
There
was
no
i,
pp.
117- 118.
use in the Freemason street building of
V14/
where
the
( 1922) ,
congregation
it
was
removed
still
its
of
regret
performs
vestry,
tower of
that
in
place
the
the
the
to
ancient
the
neW
the
new
duties.
clock
could
church
But
not
where
fit...
January
of
which
church
on
Vol.
Series,
it,
of
in
10,
1919,
of
view
William.
and
the vestry decided
its
historic
Mary,
and
that the best disposition to
associations,
passed
a
was to donate it to the
resolution
to
that
effect.
The
board of visitors of the college accepted it in the following resolution:*
When the clock was taken down preparatory
to its removal,
the following
inscription was found upon a plate attached to the main frame:
ISAIAH
LUKENS
Fecit.
No.
Philadelphia,
1.4
Nov.
12,
1820.
See
College
Papers
folder
243 (
archives)
for
notes
on
this
clock.
M. G.
�683.
WILLIAM
AND
MARY
PAPERS #
COLLEGE
68th
jPrinted billl/
Mr.
"
IN
Swanson
Congress
THE
introduced
loan
the
of
surrendered
cannon
which
are
and
in Virginia
Mary,
at
Yorktown
he
is
and
and
Virginia
19,
directed
hereby,
Yorktown
at
Comfort,
two of the
October
on
in Virginia,
Mary,
British
Point
Old
at
now
STATES.. .
bill;...
be,
the
S. 2173
UNITED
British
William
by
THE
BILL
of William
of ' War
Secretary
OF
the following
the
by
College
said
the
College
surrendered
cannon
That
the
Session
1st
SENATE
A
To
244
two
to
of
October
on
together
1781.
loan
to
those
1781,
19,
with
proper
mounts,.. ."
In
Dr.
1923,
Church,
Church,
Rochester,
to
s
direct
an
and
Mary,
head
Education
raise $
endowment
the
there.
5, 755, 000
York) ,
department
for
the
rector
later
Bruton
of
St.
of William
Literature
endowment
professorships,
and
and
Religious
campaign was to
the '
ibrary, ap-
scholarships,
pensions,
of
rector
to Williamsburg
College
Biblical
of the
additional
and
returned
for
of
purpose
buildings,
new
paratus,
New
campaign
The
Goodwin (
1903- 1908,
Williamsburg,
Paul'
R.
A.
William
Parish
It
etc.
was
highly successful.
It was during
that
Dr.
Goodwin
activities
had
first
in connection with the campaign
with
contact
Mr.
D.
John
Rockefeller,
Jr.
Dr.
Goodwin
interested
Rockefeller in the restoraSubsequently,
tion
to its colonial
of Williamsburg
The colonial
buildappearance.
the
the
Brafferton,
Main Building,
ings in the College
and the
yard (
through
President' s House) were restored
Mr.
Rockefeller' s generosity
Mr.
during the years 1928- 1932.
Architectural
restoration
Inc.
and
may be found
archaeological
in the files
information
on
this
of Colonial Williamsburg,
Concerning the restoration of the main building of the
College,
one
member
of
the
architectural
staff
of
Colonial
Wil-
liamsburg has written: 3
The
next
major
event
in
the
architectural
history of the Wren Building and one which worked
a
change
erate
1.
Bill
2.
See
not
3.
passed
R
Mary (
p.
and
of
revolutionary
considered
until
n
Pamphlet
act
effect,
of
men.
was
As
the
the
M. G.
1924..
h
of ,#, e College
R
published
delibfirst
Richmond :
Whittet &
of
W- i
l,]
tj
Shepperson,
nd
n. d.) ,
48.
See
History
v'
of
Dearstyne,
B
the
dj,n,
r
of
t<
hQ
Building -
October,
1951) ,
Co
Revised
pp.
Part I A/- ctditectural
pge Version ( Messrs.
Kocher and
102- 105.
�684.
in
project
a
initiated
program
by Mr.
sponsored
and
Dr.
by
John D.
W.
Rockefeller,
A.
R.
Goodwin
Jr.,
to
return
to their colonial appearance the old areas of the City
Wren
the
Building, or, more accurately
the fourth structure on the Wren Building site,
was,
in 1928,
taken over for restoration by the WilliamsCorporation.
Perry, Shaw and Hepburn of
burg Holding
of
Williamsburg
speaking,
Boston
were
chosen
Cleverdon,
and
structural
architects
to take
charge
of the work
Varney and Pike of the same city were the
A
engineers.
thorough
archaeological
investi-
gation was made of the building prior to and in the course
of
its
who
incorporated
reproduced
building.
It
of
his
in the second
findings
structure
which
treatment
is
of the
since relatively so little was known
building, that it would be feasible to restore
to its
second form,
concerning which a con-
siderable amount of documentary
together
This,
existed.
in a report
part of this
decided,
was
first
the
the
This was conducted by Prentice Duell
restoration.
later
still
legible
tects
sufficient
in
the
and pictorial evidence
with the
information
architectural
record
furnished
itself,
structure
to enable
the
archi-
them to restore
the
exterior of the building with great fidelity to the original
of
appearance
early
second
the
in the
1930
in
The fortuitous discovery
Library at Oxford, England of
edifice.
Bodleian
a copper plate of about 1740 showing the east front of the
liren Building and the structure as seen from the southwest
proved
an
curacy
the
invaluable
additional,
of
aid
in assuring
particularly
restoration,
the
ac-
of the western half
A comparison
part of the building.
of the east facade of the
plate drawing . ..
with the photograph
building and that of the Blair portrait ...
will indicate the extent to
the building
as
restored .. .
of
which the original appearance of this facade has been recapof
the
roof
of
the
Bodleian
tured
in
In
the
its
the
of
then
main
restoration.
case
completion
and
the
of
second
less
rebuilt,
of
interior
the
the
of
building which,
was twice burned
the
structure,
positive
evidence
existed.
guide which the architects had to the arrangement
The
after
out
best
of rooms in
the second building was Jefferson' s first floor plan which,
however,
the
was
in 1771
made
completion
of
the
1772,
or
second
some half century after
Many of the interior
building.
features
and details as they exist at present are conjectural
based more largely on the precedent of other
known examples of the period and locality than on positive
restorations,
of what
evidence
sion
is
by
Thomas
included
in
A detailed
discusbuilding.
Waterman of the interior as it was restored
in
existed
T.
the
second
the
part
of
this
treatise.
The
far-
reaching structural changes which were deemed necessary to
insure for an indefinite
future period
safety of the building are discussed
the stability
and fire
in a report by Herbert
head of the firm of engineers who carried out this
Changes in the roof construction ocassioned by the
Cleverdon,
work.
discovery of the Bodleian Plate are described in a statement
made
by
Andrew
Hepburn
of
the
architectural
firm
in
charge."
�685.
LJote:
notes
1111
trip
President
of William
Christopher
he
Wren
and
England,
Wren'
of
Egypt,
Shaw
Restoration,
Dear
C.
stated
Robinson,
M.
examined
and
for
Chandler,
Mr.
and
288,
Folder
C.
Robinson
Oxford,
at
talked
with
Duell,
the
1929)
May 29,
(
April
Wren
to
R.
bond.
The
archjtects
noted
mg/
Oriental
research
Shurtleff,
in
and
He
1' ren.
College
the
experts
quadrangles,
archaeologist,
Harold
Hepburn,
and
dated
erect
attributed
with
brick
to
several
to
tendency
s
Prentice
from
Cairo,
Perry,
Mr.
structures
existing
of bond
similarity
for
by
1929.
He
Mary."
noting
Letter
A.
College,
drawings
examined
tute,
PAPERS,
J.
Dr.
Mary
and
in
COLLEGE
made
nothing here remotely resembling the College of
saw "
William
MARY
England
to
architect,
college
that
AND
WILLIAM
See
on
Insti-
director
for the Williamsburg
1931,,./
4,
Shurtleff:
Mr.
I
glad to have your
seemed to me advisable to take definite
of Christopher Wren at once so I cabled
was
BUILDING
VIEW
very
SHOULD
OF JONES
CHARACTER
OF
ORIGINAL
LETTER
TIONS
SOMEWHAT
FOLLOWS
LATER
PORTION
CERTAINLY
RELIABLE
THAN
BE
BUILDING
STOP
FIRST
ON HISTORY
AS
CABLE
WREN
AND
WREN
March
It
4.
action on the question
you as follows :
CALLED
STATEMENT
of
letter
BUILDING
IN
ARCHITECTURAL
DISCLOSED
MATERIAL
OWING
TO
BY EXCAVAWAS
SENT
ADDITIONAL
REGARDS
DUELL
I see no good reason for doubting Hugh
Personally,
Jones'
As
statement.
a scholar and a representative
of the
Church one may assume that he was not given to making loose
His book was published
statements.
the
only
year
before;
during Wren' s lifetime
care
with
knew
the
tion
of
from
the
book,
the
of
in 1724 and Wren had died
therefore,
was
probably
written
and Jones would certainly have taken
Jones
Furthermore,
him.
Rev.
the
name
prominent
so
Blair,
James
original
who
was
a
man.
responsible
and probably
building,
for
got his
the
construc-
information
The question arose a few years ago as to whether Wren
the
was
of
architect
felt that the building
Wren'
the
of
s
work
and
entrance
the
tion
pears
recent
was
to
the
have
its
hall.
The
building.
the
authorities
in
England
as they saw it was not. an example
plan
was
This
means
seriously
nothing,
of
criticized,
however,
especially
in the light
excavations,
Second
been
for the building then under consideraThe plan of the First Building apBuilding.
very
different
as
regards
the
entrance
hall
and
�686.
of the building.
The original
architecthe First Building was lost in the Second
Though thoroughly ruined
Building and in those that followed.
the design conin Williamsburg,
i. e.
by the " gentlemen there",
nevertheless,
tained,
characteristics
closely akin to Wren' s
other
essential
tural
idea behind
parts
cannot
discussed
work.
The
brief,
I feel that Wren was personally
question
be
length
at
behind
here
in
but,
the design of the
original building and that it would be a mistake not to call
the
Letter
the "
building
present
Prentice
from
of
restoration
the
Wren Building".
Duell,
Wren
archaeologist,
to
Building,
Dr.
W.
who
A.
worked
on
the
Goodwin.
R.
CWI Archive/
Oriental
Institute
The University
August
Dear
the
During
past year I lived
just around the
in
Hospital
building
in
1937
for
some
Goodwin:
Dr.
Chelsea
of Chicago
10,
thoroughly
feeling
and
London
corner.
I went
and it is so reminiscent
design,
both
as
to
exterior
months,
through
with
the
of the Wren Building
and
interior,
that
believe it is most probable that the same architect did both
buildings.
...
I
�Opposite page 687.
it
it,•
ic. f..- ,
s
4,-•, .
4, ,
h.,. .. 4,,,„--
VI"
.* : '
A. 41,-*
A
0. 4'
f.-", ... . '
A
14.
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4'
e
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Akitc.4
or
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r
t
41
k' ," •
III
7' t'•
tLy,..- ...
hit
r•'
TJ.. i'
"
a4; A` 1 ...
f
.' " •^
i Y.
LA....—.
0
L, -
z)
s kI.
1, ,
ICWS° -• `'' '
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j,-•
4'
1'
0i%; -...
t,...
L
r.
r ....
4.'•
'
.
7
i}!
j
w••
it
i•
1ll . . tttt
I I"' »'
,
ri
y
t
Y•
r
F`
r
co
N
ir
Fi
460
yap.—
3,
1
l
J
i-'
ii.._
i
/
h.. _
S!.
l';_:
t'.,/
iiL!
,
1416:
f•
7'',
j,
a,`
may ;, ,
t t
I
ti;
1 "' '
.
yi gt •
5" *
a+
ti
1
v,
P
a
r
tor r';::
i
.,
''
t.
MM
11, Atli
it
ASV,
A •'
T.> L'
t6
e, . -.. ,. -...
T
A.
4'
lv.
9>
�687.
The
number
of
files
of
reports
and
Building,"
of
Colonial
the
on
actual
Brafferton
Incorporated,
Williamsburg,
work
the
and
of
restoration
President'
s
contain
of
the
a
" Wren
Progress
House.
pictures were taken during the dismantling and restoring of these
buildings,
which are also in the files of Colonial Williamsburg,
Incorporated.
Work
The
on
Virginia
the " Wren
was
Building"
Gazette ( Vol.
II,
No.
completed
37)
for
in the
September
fall
11,
of
1931.
1931,
carried the following notice concerning its completion:
The
College
restored Wren Building
fall
term.
Since
Mary will occupy the
at the opening of the present
of William &
June
1,
1928,
the building
has been
in course of reconstruction through the generosity of
Mr.
John D.
Rockefeller,
Jr.
..."
�
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PDF Text
Text
WILLIAM
AND MARY COLLEGE HISTORICAL
INDE
NOTES.
X.
A
Aberdeen,
132.
Academic
See
of
Adams,
Caps;
also
B.,
Herbert
xi- xii.
Agents
William &
for
446, 461.
241 .
Regiment,
Agenois
402,
135.
Company,
African
568.
272- 273.
Company,
Insurance
Aetna
498.
Company,
Alexander,
Addison,
General Assembly.
See
Company,
Express
Adams
200.
3.
Assembly,
Mr.,
344.
Adams &
289.
173, 184,
Gowns.
166,
dress,
Parish,
Accanac
Acts
288,
Charles,
Abrams,
College,
Mary
61,
150.
117,
124,
Wren
Building,
Micajah.
also Perry,
190,
446.
pumps,
See
Air
Ale,
136.
135,
Frank
Alfriend,
Allen,
Major,
96,
Mr.
Ar: ,
H.,
522.
588.
89.
Dr.,
536,
545.
94.
Charles
W.,
85,
John,
Matthew,
536,
532,
545.
100.
123.
Richard,
311.
William,
170- a.
306.
Allison,
William
R.,
Allmond,
Albert,
292.
See
Alterations to College Building,
tions to; rebuilding of, repairs.
Alumni
Ambler,
altera-
Society, 416.
161.
Mr.,
Anatomical
Anatomy &
481.
plates,
School
Medicine,
Professor
in,
ix,
x,
of,
232,
ix,
233,
x.
234,
236,
238,
254,
257,
278.
Ancient
273,
Languages,
Grammar
Master;
School
of,
Humanity,
285.
See
Professor
also
of.
Grammar
School;
�INDEX
-
2
Anderson,
Mr.,
J.
158- a.
Miss,
116.
R.,
457.
James R. , 456.
Matthew, 252, 268,
Ward,
Anderson &
Andirons,
124,
Rev.
Andrews,
249,
bursar,
Robert ( professor),
258, 259, 262,
252,
of
234Society,
234-
234,
233,
237,
a,
266, 267, 268, 269,
269,
259, 266, 267, 268,
258,
252,
a,
clerk
269.
411.
163.
239,
281.
272,
272.
237.
234,
to,
239.
ii, iv, 29, 30, 32, 37, 38, 39,
Sir Edmund ( governor),
55, 59, 60, 62- 63,
50, 51, 52, 53,
40, 41, 46, 47, 48,
66, 67, 68, 76, 98, 129, 579.
65,
for College
bricks offered
by, 48, 51, 63, 66- 68.
of, 40,
criticism
41, 46, 48, 51, 60- 61, 64, 66- 68.
letter
Andros,
encouragement
to
College
by,
38,
39,
46,
40,
47,
52,
51,
62- 63.
gifts
house
College
to
47,
of,
sashing
by,
76.
276.
49, 162, 205
vi,
80, 81, 83,
1702- 1714),
Anne ( Queen of England,
118, 120,
117,
135, 137, 157,
114,- 11.5, 116,
80, 81- 83, 85.
accession
of, vi,
Annapolis,
books
Maryland,
toward
137,
rebuilding
College,
184.
184,
cf,
in,
See
Roams,
Wren
at
307,
117,
118,
9,
Building,
317,
450,
,
9 ,/
215, 388.
114,
for Professors;
rooms in.
Tavern),
College,
96,
for Masters,
President;
for
95,
184,
1
215.
163,
Roan ( Raleigh
Apparatus
653
235.
furniture
and
103,
235,
to,
description
also
116,
114- 115,
120.
in College Building,
91, 94,
Apartments
149, 163, 175, 176, 177, 181- a,
memorial
85,
653.
presented by,
grants
Apollo
given.
38.
College,
of
by;
53- 58.
to,
sashing given College
of, 39.
speech
visitor
offered
60- 61.
concerning,
of Trustees
report
bricks
46.
of ( 1695),
letter
memorial
See
by,
48, 67.
xii,
467,
488, 532.
206, 241,
469, 472, 584,
180,
291,
277,
267,
590,
650,
663,
303,
664,
683.
271.
190,
237,
astronomical,
299,
chemical, xii, xiii, 298,
466,
358,
487,
594,
595,
634,
638,
328,
mathemati
cal,
389,
493,
599,
410,
300,
504,
423,
511,
604, 613,
617,
401,
503,
639,
654, 655,
209,
236,
656,
535, 538,
307,
317,
318,
324, 327,
459,
582,
427, 431, 433, 446,
533,
514, 524, 530,
631,
618, 125, 630,
658,
539,
666.
540,
568.
633,
�INDEX
3.
111,
cont' d.)
Apparatus,
xii,
philosophical,
xiii,/
238,
242,
243,
317,
318,
319,
401,
487,
410,
491,
423,
493,
427,
531,
532,
533,
564,
617,
553,
558,
608,
648,
613,
654,
503,
535,
536,
582,
656,
285,
327,
338,
358,
388,
446,
459,
466, 486,
539,
594,
630,
666.
625,
658,
1799)
of (
284,
226,
298,
433,
511,
504,
568,
618,
655,
description
273,
282,
326,
266,
321,
431,
253,
315,
190- 191,.
282; (
204,
223,
224,
514, 515.,
524, 530,
540- 541, 544, 549,
595,
598, 599, 604,
633, 634, 638, 639,
1802)
285; (
1846)
427.
of,
530.
of, ( 1767)
gift
list
purchased
190- 191; (
Professor
by
1859)
mall,
530.
190- 191.
Rods, 242,
See also
524, 604.
John C.,
381.
Appleton &
Company, 482.
Appleton, D., &
Company, 611, 615, 618, 650.
Apprentices,
403, 442.
Apparatus
Laboratory.
Apperson,
Aprons,
for
Arbors,
83.
Arcade,
at
W.
s
s
684, 685- 686.
457.
Hope
Hope
Creek,
Swamp,
33, 34 & n. ,
34- n.
of College Building,
third floor
Arches,
Arches and butresses,
Architects, xiii,
277,
684,
Exalt;
Mr.
Architecture,
Italian
438,
527,
taught,
Colonel,
Armourers,
81,
Arms,
Shaw &
Hepburn;
31;
532.
See also Mathematics.
384.
2,
R.,
389,
607.
Robert H.,
Arlington,
Perry,
Wren.
542.
439.
14,
Arithmetic
John
528, 531, 543,
524, 525,
606, 613, 616, 640, 663,
112.
Armistead,
John,
493.
686.
Faxon;
Christopher
style,
Architraves,
Mr.,
604, 605,
Mr.
Rives,
521,
519,
568,
685,
683,
also
Mr.
570.
510,
563,
562,
544,
678,
See
622.
426.
S.,
Archer'
604,
College,
Archaeologists,
Archer, R. S.,
Archer'
164.
cooks,
Lord,
390.
372.
20,
22.
123.
214.
See
See
Artificers, 34.
Artists, op. p. 157,
Arts & Sciences,
25.
Asbestos,
295.
also
also
498.
Firearms;
Guns,
Mechanics;
Pistols,
Workmen.
Swords.
�INDEX
4.
Rev.
Asbury,
Francis,
Astronomers,
Astronomy,
See
Mr.,
Eastern
State Hospital.
210.
Athawes,
Edward,
Samuel,
Atkinson,
also
189- a.
189- a, 196Mrs.
507.
of Virginia,
Auditors
Augusta
271.
237,
190,
for,
apparatus
253.
Asylum,
253.
239.
237,
Auroras,
30,
27,
a,
237.
206.
County,
250.
Awnings
220.
201-
a,
See
Axes,
Umbrellas.
95.
Patrick
Aylett,
620.
Henry,
B
Bacon,
Bacon,
8,
7
2,
Nathaniel,
13,
30.
217.
England,
Badminton,
201.
Mr.,
512.
Baillieu & Bros.,
555,
Bagwell,
Baize,
green,
Bake- house,
at
568.
347.
See
112.
College,
also
Oven- House.
Baking;
Henry,
Baker,
3.
57.
Bros. & Company,
Samuel,
Baker
Baking,
College,
at
Ball,
M.
Dulany,
Wright,
Sallie
William,
Ballard
iii,
123,
385,
Church,
Baptist
Theological
iron,
Barclay,
Barker,
Mr.
0. &.
Dr.,
343,
455,
450,
9,
13.
534, 536- 537.
Seminary, 385.
229.
Thomas,
Barber ( Barber),
Barbour,
306, 307,
546, 568.
440.
Baptist
Bar
8,
94,
346.
J.,
191.
192,
34,
p.
op.
476.
John,
Rev.
Banisters,
187.
55,
149.
599.
448,
Maryland,
569, . 611.
Balustrades, 4w53.
Bangs, Allen,
470,
34,
33,
Balls ( students'
give)
Balls & Constable,
535,
Banister,
129,
571.
571.
Richmond,
House,
Baltimore,
112,
384, 390.
3.
Thomas,
Ballard,
82,
College,
at
Balconies,
614.
110,
v,
201.
108.
372, 373.
456, 468,
469,
478,
544,
�INDEX
-
5.
H.,
John
Barlow,
640.
Jr.,
Ro.,
J. &
A.
Barnes,
530.
665.
G.,
R.
618.
615,
611,
Company,
Griffin,
464.
188,
186, 187,
old,
187.
Baroscope,
Mrs.
for
Company,
289,
568.
Building,
Wren
basement
of.
290.
396.
Mr.,
355.
B.,
Colonel
99- 101.
161.
P.,
J.
Basserer,
Bassett,
See
Mr.,
Baskervyle,
98,
670.
636,
College,
of
Basement
94- 97,
90- 91,
188.
S. ,
Hayward &
Bartlett,
89,
186.
0.
Rev.
86,
287.
windows,
Barten,
594.
568.
Masters,
T.,
doors,
for
583- 584,
125.
Mary,
of
582,
581,
562,
Bros.,
Barring out"
Barry, William
Bars,
296,
223,
xiii,
M. &
Barrett,
321.
71.
Barracks,
Barret,
258,
190,
Barometers,
188.
for,
frames
window
188.
187,
to,
repairs
305 IV.
251,
Barns,
Burwell,
396.
Richard,
403,
176,
England,
Battery,
S.
411,
412,
413,
415,
255.
359.
Baughman,
409,
81.
William,
Colonel
Bath,
407,
405,
T,,
476.
470,
Richard,
515.
431.
Bayly, Thomas H.,
Baytop, Thomas, 6.
Samuel,
Beall,
249, 256,
Baylor,
Dr.,
Bearcroft,
Bed
57,
Bedding,
148,
Bedford,
Duke
Beds,
feather,
iron,
99.
184, 215,
56, 163.
of,
123.
123,
iron
model
new,
184,
for,
187.
walnut,
Beebe,
Beef,
465.
163.
106,
105,
Bedsteads,
J.
58.
158.
37.
skins,
cords,
202- 203,
201,
Stratagem,"
Beaux
The
Beaver
T.,
263,
164.
of,
Duke
Beaufort,
258- 259,
187.
450.
187.
123.
292.
512.
268,
269,
271.
420,
424.
�INDEX
6.
-
Beefsteak,
Beer,
219.
136,
135,
Belfry,
See
649.
340,
College,
Brewhouse;
also
Brewing.
386,
494, 532.
390.
Bell at Capitol, 262.
Bell at College, 123,
125, 143, 169, 312, 329, 344, 345,
354,
357, 366, 383, 386, 406, 411, 412, 527, 538, 561,,
568, 620, 648, 661.
date and motto on,
661.
C.
Bell,
312,
329,
362,
354,
363,
W.,
College yard,
in
344,
new,
old,
561.
406.
538.
ordered ( 1716),
123.
411,
recast,
412.
Ewell, 669
rung by Pres.
Professor
Charles,
Bellini,
233,
272,
281,
234,
241,
242, 243,
248,
249,
282.
French
described
by
house
248.
of,
of,
letter
Belmont,
282.
of ( 1781),
roams
241 .
officer,
241,
242,
243.
650.
Mr.,
609.
A.,
Benches, 344, 365,
in Chapel,
365.
in
class-
in
windows,
William,
upon-
Bevan &
Sons,
Forms;
Seats.
Lord.
Botetourt,
i.
82.
28.
Twede,
See
Bevell
also
585.
See
Berwick-
Pews.
Forms;
See
499.
Switzerland,
Berne,
499.
also
438.
Norborne,
Gov.
See
rooms,
Colonel,
Berkeley,
396, 438,
434, 451.
Bevell.
Maule &
Beveriage,
N.,
536.
Beverley,
Mr.,
111.
Peter,
94,
39,
Robert,
34 &
33,
description
survey by,
George,
542.
Bew,
Bibles,
104,
105,
n.,
op.
p.
College
of
op.
p.
for
168- a, 210,
College, 168- a.
for
Indian
Bill,
Dr.,
Billiards,
of
110,
127.
94, 96, 108,
129- 130.
34.
210,
220 &
n.
98.
170- b.
See
Binding
Gooch,
by,
88,
124.
students,
Lady
122,
34,
220.
124,
gift
121,
Bookbinding.
Kingts,
of London,
Birthdays,
160
Bishop
See
London,
Bishop
of
110,
129,
648.
�INDEX
7.
-
Blackamore,
Blacksmiths
400.
295.
Mr.,
Blackburn,
151.
375,
354,
347,
335,
122,
121,
Arthur,
Blackboards,
308, 311,
605, 606,
297,
295,
207,
200,
161,
accounts,
570,
396, 397, 399, 403, 429, 430, 447,
614, 641.
iii, 18, 22, 24, 28, 38, 49,
Blackwater Swamp,
60, 64, 114, 138, 158- a, 235.
William,
Bladen,
Blair,
Dr.,
59,
58,
54,
94.
285.
93, 98, 103.
271- n.
93, 94, 95, 96.
Archibald,
i,
x,
92,
house
of,
x,
256,
Mrs.
portrait
Rev.
91,
i,
James,
549.
175,
343, 427,
v,
President),
of,
12,
13,
3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
38, 49, 50, 51,
19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 32, 37,
70,
54, 55- n, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65,
52, 53,
97, 98, 99, 100,
71, 72, 78, 88, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96,
112,
113, 114,
102,
103, 104, 105, 107, 109, 110,
101,
257, 284, 685.
145, 151, 158- a, 238,
James (
College
of
account
of
accounts
to
address
of in
Byrd'
52,
51,
103, 110,
death of, i,
of,
See
in
47 &
also
England (
63- 64; (
Ingles
79,
64,
128-
65,
68,
146.
n.,
48,
1691- 93),
c.
See
letters
marriage
95,
97,
98,
102
99,
1704. 1705)
against,
15- 16,
ii,
92,
1739)
95,
93,
91- 92,
160; ( 1740)
i- n.
71.
20,
19,
102,
11,
10,
See
15- 16; ( 1692)
51; ( 1700) 72, 75; (
to ( 1699),
2)
162
Mary College.
William &
House,
s
134.
93,
of ( 1691)
of,
50,
260.
legacy to College.
also
172 911
(
159
3, 4, 9, 11, 46,
128- b, 138, 259,
93,
92,
88,
65,
ii,
to ( 1691),
instructions
i, viii.
to College,
legacy
1696/ 7)
a,
68.
65,
64,
i,
104.
President'
charges
letters
486,
113, 146, 151.
viii, ;.64.
College,
to
gift
46,
63,
i,
of,
criticisms
house
63,
Bishop of
59, 82, 85, 128,
councillor,
165,
i,
London,
of
commissary
164,
63- 68.
College,
against,
charges
s
155,
98.
653.
518,
517,
498,
Wm.
to
bequeathed
of
books
See
College,
92,
of.
94,
roans
89- 91,
Nicholson,
Palace ( 1697),
Lambeth
94 •
55,
38,
32,
16.
King,
apartments
31,
30,
against Gov.
affidavit
at
59- 60.
by,
expenses,
23; (
books
19; ( 1694)
155; (
110,
109,
103,
12- 14.
1702)
iv,
103.
98,
also
1697)
of;
38; (
85; ( 1706)
1735)
113.
will of.
1695)
40- 41;
112;
158; ( 1738)
�INDEX
8.
-
James
Rev.
Blair,
( continued)
60- 61.
Andros,
memorial
of
concerning
memorial
of
minister
of
College,
concerning
Bruton Parish,
i- n.
minister
of Henrico,
minister
of James
of,
nephew
93.
on
by
oration
death
i-n.
John .
Blair,
also
king, 82, 85, 98.
questioned, 128 - 128- b.
of
ordination
Parish,
See
92,
17- 18.
65.
i- n,
City
16,
overseer
of,
107.
petition
of,
1- 2, :
of
of,
ap.
portraits
frame for,
4, 23.
65.
Henrico,
at
of
plantation
157,
p.
343,
475,
427,
548,
518,/ 549,
517,
343.
presented
of College for life,
i- n, iii, viii,
president
64, 65, 102, 103, 121, 130, 132, 152.
quoted, 652- 653.
College,
of
rector
of
roams
110,
109,
138,
Story
of
Whitfield
of,
will
Blank
103,
169.
of,
Mr.,
96,
95,
94,
97,
99,
107.
13,
26.
10,
25,
53,
11,
53,
12,
144,
145,
148,
206,
242,
243,
266.
160.
164,
i- n.
201,
169,
See
also
Blair,
Mrs.
James.
298.
William,
Blinds ( window),
666.
inside,
repairs
See
to,
also
History
47, 116, 117, 118.
439, 440, 449, 453, 641,
22,
438,
439.
438,
Shutters.
of
the
536, 568,
Norborne,
554.
297,
Blowers,
447.
N.,
54.
54,
192.
163,
130- 131,
salary
152- a.
116, 122.
115,
Blathwayt,
112,
103,
President,
books, 214.
Blankets,
Blow,
102,
also
164.
Harrison,
Blanketing,
Bloom,
visits,
of,
letter
Sarah
92,
See
164.
96,
i- n,
diary
Bland,
College,
College,
of
visitor
Bible,
570.
63,
99, 100,
102.
visits,
trustee
John,
90,
148.
ii, iii,
go to England,
See also
in England.
to
33, 34, 130.
95,
74, 75, 91, 94,/ 96,
59,
i-n.
of,
sketch
41,
90, 91,
of,
servants
64, 65,
vii,
of,
sermon
63,
26,
148.
146,
140,
32,
30,
Building,
113,
58,
of,
salary
27,
College
in
684.
485, 490.
to College,
58,
73.
666.
151.
of.
�INDEX
Blue
-
9.
Room,
Wren
Building, xii, 280, 281, 289, 320, 344, 349,
369, 373, 399, 458, 511, 513, 514, 515, 650.
burned,
See also
511, 512, 514, 515.
Fires, 1859 & 1862.
in, 360,
chairs
361.
of,
color
517, 549.
description
of, 488,
549.
door to, 344,
354, 397, 436, / 141 .
faculty meetings in, 549.
354,
lock
of,
440.
portraits in, op. p. 157,
presses in, 354.
repairs
wainscot
windows
Blunt,
Board
436,
to,
of,
See
440.
517,
493,
518,
Repairs,
also
See also Portraits.
549.
at
William &
Mary.
549.
in,
344.
Mr.
420.
of Trade,
Board, rates
See also
Boarding
vi,
72,
charged
Students,
houses,
Boards, 183, 422,
Boats, 18, 587.
108,
for,
279,
448.
110.
192-
231,
a,
expenses
322, 428.
See also
352,
487,
580.
of.
Plank;
Scantling;
Timber.
hospital,
Bodleian
Bodleian
587.
Copperplate Engraving,
Library, Oxford, 684.
op.
p.
162,
684.
Boilers, 304, 305.
Bolts, 393, 452.
Bonds, box for, 309.
Bonner,
Robert,
609.
Bonnycastle,
Booker,
Mr.,
326.
Richard,
269, 271.
161,
168- a, 424, 429, 430, 669.
Bookbinding,
See also
Bookcases,
215, 399, 558, 564.
Book- shelves.
Books, vi, xii, xiii, 91, 155, 189- a, 228, 238, 275,
316, 317,
348, 357, 511, 514, 515, 525, 544, 594, 595, 598, 620.
burned, ( 1705)
110,
vi,
112,
261;
114, 115, 118; ( 1782) 255,
xii,
518, 523, 524, 529, 533,
1859)
511, 513, 514, 515,
549, 551, 553; ( 1862) xiii, 594, 595, 598, 620, 627.
catalogs
of, 42- 45, 75,
146, 491.
for Indian students,
62, 75, 124, 150, 153, 154, 155.
58, 69, 73, 75, 78, 133, 145, 146, 156, 158,
gifts of, 42- 45,
159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 255, 256,
260,
262,
267,
270,
471,
498,
500,
501,
555,
560,
564,
565,
624, 629, 639, 645,
660,
666,
317,
337, 341, 355,
357,
502- 503, 514, 517,
534,
569, 571, 576, 577, 611,
648, 650, 652, 653, 655,
400,
546,
616,
656,
401, 428,
550, 553,
618,
658,
619,
659,
670.
by Rev. James Blair, 445, 164, 165, 486, 498, 517, 518, 653.
by Lord Botetourt, 619.
by Joseph C. Cabell, 500, 501.
159, 160,
619, 653.
by Archbishop of Canterbury,
619.
by Robert Dinwiddie,
by Dr. John A. Galt, 576.
156, 158, 317,
by the General Assembly,
318, 337, 355, 534.
�INDEX
-
10.
gifts
of
Books
( continued)
III, 517.
by
270.
Thomas Jefferson,
by
162,
of London,
164- 165, 255.
by Bishop
518,
262,
280,
260,
514, 517,
Louis XVI,
302- a, 341, 471,
by
648, 653.
619,
by Francis Nicholson, 42- 45, 145- 146.
162- n, 517,
162,
619.
by Alexander Spotswood,
B.
T.
Washington,
C.
Mrs.
502- 503.
by
267,
283,
285, 337, 342, 380- 381, 409, 411, 415, 470, 474,
Law Books;
See also
476, 477, 478, 514, 572, 573.
Law Library.
George
law,
260- 262,
of,
lists
416,
Library, number
Henley, 215, 260- 262.
Rev.
of
Mungo
of
Mr.
of
Rev.
393,
345,
of books
See
S.
of
342,
407,
402,
401,
502- 503.
of,
number
339,
313,
312,
Ingles,
114.
207.
Horrocks,
Madison,
James
in.
255.
42- 45.
Divinity, 69, 114, 133, 159, 162, 165, 167, 168, 302- a, 517.
260,
presented to library ( listed) , 42- 45, 166, 167, 255, 256,
262,
396, 416, 425, 432, 493, 502- 503, 517, 518.
355, 374,
See also
Library, gifts to.
gifts of;
of
Nicholson,
Francis
on
of,
preservation
572.
57,
153,
154, 155,
123, 124, 148, 150,
252,
207,
255,
183- a 183- c, 201,
306,
297,
291,
302, 304, 305,
294, 295,
338,
328,
334, 335,
312, 313, 314, 325,
388, 390, 391,
359, 370, 376, 382, 383,
411,
404, 405, 406, 408, 410,
401, 402,
424,
417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422,
416,
58,
of,
viii,
164,
168-
a,
263,
269,
272,
290,
308,
309,
342,
310,
311,
345,
395,
414,
430,
491,
565,
353,
399,
purchase
339,
393,
394,
413,
412,
427,
429,
482,
564,
478,
562,
170-
rules
concerning
stored in Lunatic
Booksellerts
shop,
Bookshelves,
114,
Borum &
Mass.,
Botetourt,
buried
Norborne
of,
medals
465,
544,
573,
285,
381,
230,
267,
See
also
469,
472,
473,
476,
553,
577,
554,
560,
642.
561,
rules
Library,
595.
284,
532,
Shelves;
ix,
506,
given
to,
monument
ix,
by,
198,
of
College,
statue
of,
See
199,
200,
n,
196,
549.
200.
ix,
196- a.
196.
202,
201,
rector
195-
512- 513,
507,
198- 199 &
611,
541,
Lord,
Berkeley,
in College,
interest
See
283,
529,
Chapel,
505,
503,
funeral
5b8,
570,
537,
572,
of College,
164.
388.
241,
in
435,
536,
613,
for.
465.
283,
284,
Library,
285,
381,
shelves
526.
McLean,
Boston,
433,
of
267,
in departments
used
432,
535,
Asylum,
230,
text- books,
415,
431,
530,
567,
use
64,
183,
a,
194,
203.
195- a.
Botetourt
Statue.
618,
a,
650.
201,
201,
619.
202,
203,
226- a,
in.
465.
�INDEX
11.
-
Botetourt
County,
248.
Botetourt
Statue,
262,
Jonathan,
Bouldin,
Wood,
Boundary
stone,
College,
Bounds,
College,
170- b,
Houton,
J.
Bowden,
Mr.,
opp.
38.
p.
194.
571.
291.
289,
J.,
300.
372.
201.
William,
606.
R.,
Bacon
606.
F. ,
Rowley,
Bowling
161.
Imo.,
D.,
189.
Mr.,
464.
461,
163.
alley,
china,
Bowman,
376,
588,
578.
Bowler,
Bowls,
205,
Co.,
288,
Lemuel
I.
586,
573.
W. &
J.,
Bowery,
357,
208.
207,
Boucher,
Bowers,
341,
584,
284.
384, 385.
284, 647.
to,
repairs
L.
529,
around,
paling
John,
333,
College,
to
moved
484,
435,
319,
504,
266.
262,
Capitol,
at
297,
284,
427,
400,
385,
662.
384,
647,
266,
520.
409,
614.
J.
T.,
L.
V.,
545.
S.
T.,
406,
T.,
Sherard
bricks
house
See
Bows
purchased
purchased from,
also College
arrows,
572,
534,
523,
578.
535,
526,
536,
530,
538,
531,
542, 547.
539,
565.
533, 548, 559,
Hotel.
81.
3.
Mr.,
Boyd,
571,
from,
Parish,
and
Bowtracy
561.
470,
570,
411,
554,
345.
legacy of, iv, vii, x, 19, 62, 64, 74, 75,
153,
149- 150,
129, 134, 138, 143, 147,
120,
Indian School.
See also
236, 253, 277,
331.
155, 185,
of,
155, 475, 486, 517, 549.
picture
288,
252,
230,
228,
226- a, 227,
John, xi, 220,
Rev.
Bracken,
Boyle,
Robert,
Hon.
121,
296,
clerk
of
Grammar
122,
316, 657.
Society,
master,
in Brafferton,
228.
296.
227,
288.
230,
librarian,
226- a.
president (
1812- 1814) ,
rector
of Bruton,
sermon
by,
220.
xi,
220- n.
296,
316,
657.
�INDEX
-
12.
Brafferton,
131,
132-
254,
390,
259,
277,
278,
427,
470,
529,
See
meals
251,
370,
371,
armory
at,
John Bracken
133.
662,
in,
668,
673.
231.
230,
of,
chimney
131,
378.
cap
Charles
S.
288.
409.
vii,
of,
cellar
John
378,
1724,
in
in Brafferton.
Rooms,
at;
230,
227,
in,
at,
brickwork
built
n,
665.
in,
boarders
236,
233,
134, 162 & n, 177,
368,
337, 359, 363, 365,
295,
582,
583, 626, 648, 666.
133,
viii,
vii,
237,
cleaning at, 444.
concert at, 169.
covered
to,
way
damage
203.
on,
conductors
480.
479,
( 1862- 1865),
to
xiii,
t
xiii,
in,
See
fences
at,
444.
floors
in,
xiii,
for,
furniture
of,
garden
girders
grammar
school
328,
598.
673.
259,
xiv,
See
lecture
also
rooms
in.
133,
277.
131,
vii,
253- 254,
237,
153,
150,
134,
See
also
177,
154,
Indian
200,
School.
600.
161.
356,
kitchen
of,
lecture
rooms
library
for,
at,
673.
377.
in,
for,
ironware
1888)
443.
236,
233,
insurance,
meals
in,
school
Indian
583; (
Paling.
Pales;
594,
459,
1861)
(
471.
439.
in,
in,
grates
in,
hearths
439,
a;
598.
Fences;
also
423,
154.
226-
459,
368, 378, 444,
378.
folding,
drains near,
359, 363, 365.
Federal officers in, 586,
594.
doors
634.
633,
595,
584,
( 1777)
vii;
1732)
of, (
description
378,
153- 154,
See
280.
meeting at, 220.
Nelson
Professor
438, 459,
381, 409,
599, 602, 673.
380,
675.
155.
steward
also
in,
594,
xiii,
xii,
in,
298,
300,
painting
at,
in,
227,
pictures
of ( illustrations) ,
302,
304,
308.
459.
passages
at.
368,
p.
162,
284,
325,
434,
529,
288,
298,
300,
302,
304,
432,
outbuildings
kitchen
rented,
248,
repairs
to,
444,
605,
459,
613,
515,
of,
675.
opp.
459.
in,
living
477,
619.
308,
516, 567, 613, 617.
605, 633, 634, 673,
409,
plastering mended,
porch to, 583.
professors
594.
227,
230,
See
also
of.
253,
161,
321,
312,
210,
211,
667.
326,
213,
219,
222,
465,
466,
467,
470,
473,
617,
632,
642,
644,
654,
303,
474,
673,
439, 440,
597,
503,
676.
307,
476, 477,
675,
�INDEX
-
13.
Brafferton,
continued:
of ( 1928- 32)
restoration
roof
of,
in,
rooms
smokehouse
A.
in,
Spotswood
in,
steward
280 &
also
lecture
rooms
in.
Totten
trees
near,
value
of (
walls
of,
See
380.
1824) 317,
598.
366,
358,
368,
370,
384,
371,
676.
644,
516.
in,
471.
337, 356,
n.,
428, 625,
390,
Dr.
See
n.
356, 458,
323,
in,
students
162 &
673.
440.
to,
stpps
687 .
683,
xv,
422, 423, 594, 598.
150,
337, 367, 368,
for,
409.
Trees.
also
318; (
1882)
of,
227, 230.
whitewashing
in, xiii,
378, 444,
459,
xiii,
664.
594.
windows
woodwork
torn
out
of,
381,
455,
yard
of,
598.
509,
458, 471.
See
Charity,
Estate ( Yorkshire,
Robert,
Hon.
Boyle,
Brafferton
Brafferton
iv,
Eng.),
vii,
legacy of.
61, 62, 138,
154, 184, 1980; 200, 205, 209, 210, 211,
149- 150,
153,
222,
277, 462, 463.
212,
213, 214, 219,
Brandon, " 507.
See also
Duty, on liquors.
Brandy, 83, 135, 136, 152- b, 158.
duty
152- b.
on,
Brass,
185,
Brass
knobs,
447.
Carter,
Braxton,
Bray,
201.
78,
Dr.
James,
488.
99.
34.
201.
Breakfasts,
177,
Braziery,
Brewhouse,
Brewing,
Brian,
112,
181,
123,
181-
237,
185,
a,
301,
573- 574.
129.
110.
v,
268.
Fir.,
Brick- kiln,
545.
compared
college
at
Bricklayers,
to,
College,
202,
207,
402,
409,
Brickmakers,
55,
Brickmasons,
210,
254,
277,
57,
152-
213,
263,
56,
211,
276,
411, 420, 520, 521,
56, 57, 67, 542.
a,
278,
161,
300,
533,
287,
186,
304,
542,
400.
189, 194, 200,
305, 373, 392,
605, 606, 607.
336.
t3rickmoulds,
57.
Capitol,
for
Bricks,
116 &
n.
131,
161,
185,
308,
471,
344,
393,
520,
51, 55 & n, 57, 63, 66, 67,
268,
266,
188, 200,
264, 265,
397, 401, 411, 442, 444, 455,
534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 547,
602,
606.
College,
for
505,
40,
48,
664.
bond
of,
545.
cornice,
dated,
in
685.
265,
cleaned,
in
Brafferton,
Chapel, opr. p.
131.
151,
151 &
n.
68,
270,
89,
116,
272,
456, 470,
605,
606,
614,
�INDEX
-
14.
continued:
Bricks
66,
63,
for
Chapel,
for
68,
67,
200.
outhouses,
264.
Colonel Parke,
by
544.
furnished
265,
old,
604.
264.
pressed,
rubbed,
67.
of,
stool
67.
taken away,
265.
College,
148,
Brickwork,
300,
301,
337,
424,
429,
442,
185, 186, 194, 200, 270, 272, 288,
378, 379, 387, 395, 399, 402, 409, 411,
572, 601, 604,
443, 444, 492, 533, 535,
607,
613,
617,
623,
Bridges,
Charles,
Bridles,
606,
674.
672,
157.
163.
Mr.,
Bright,
374, 431.
667.
A.,
Robert
England,
Bristol,
British
p.
op.
troops,
15.
243,
240,
x,
in
247,
240,
258,
683.
258.
Williamsburg,
by, 243.
See
of,
surrender
683.
W.,
M.
Broaddus,
604, 614.
x,
431,
invasion
Elizabeth,
Brock,
R.
A.,
653,
J.
Dr.
Bronson,
at.
587,
586,
318.
588.
664.
614.
A.,
Brooks,
surrender
281.
R.,
Mass.,
Brookline,
Yorktown,
661.
661.
William,
Brockenborough,
also
Albt.,
542,
Archer,
545,
546,
561,
555,
618,
620,
621,
624,
628,
641,
676.
436.
Company,
404,
369,
Brooms,
Brotherton &
Brown,
J.,
T.
Broughton,
201.
372.
196.
Mrs.,
xi.
Chandellor,
Rev.
Mr.,
John,
232,
233- 234,
William, 56.
Col.
William
Brown,
Brown
571.
G.,
238- 239.
430.
Company,
University, 525.
Little &
611,
615,
618.
Dabney, 335, 339, 340, 346, 348, 360, . 36l, 369,
374, 379, 382, 384, 387, 392, 395, 396, 397, 399, 403,
405, 4.06, 407.
librarian,
348, 379, 382, 387.
James,
58.
Browne,
Professor
William
Hand,
41.
County, 235.
Brushes,
351, 452.
paint, 448, 449.
Brunswick
wall, 436,
Brussels,
252.
�INDEX
-
Bruton
Parish, i, xiv,
15.
652,
598,
Natty
for
at,
boys from,
220-
134,
3,
134.
regarding,
in, 164.
See
also
xiv.
in,
queries
106,
34- n,
150,
149,
134,
220- n,
164,
644.
fund"
ministers
3,
xv,
n,
644.
683.
See
also
"
Matty School. "
scholarships
school
Bruton
Church,
Parish
82,
33,
Matty School. "
"
132-
104,
184,
n,
242,
262,
556,
683.
in,
altar
200.
Botetourt'
funeral
s
churchyard
198,
200.
485, 563.
in steeple,
485.
clock
commencement
scaffold
286.
of,
in,
336, 337.
485.
wall wound,
583.
286.
in,
windows
670- 671.
erected
steeple
386.
200.
588.
in,
in,
pulpit
in,
of,
description
hospital
336,
at,
table
communion
Bryan,
at,
of,
John 269.
John
R.,
555.
Stewart,
John
President (
1934- 1942)
xv.
Martha,
179.
Buckets, 124, 246,
288, 289,
fire,
124, 246,
293.
leather,
Buckingham
393,
442,
453,
591.
393.
Slate
Company,
Buckles,
163,
Buckner,
Colonel,
John,
340,
124.
298,
well,
298,
180,
601,
604,
640.
211.
225.
3.
8,
William,
Buckskin,
94.
37.
Bucktrout,
Mr.,
367,
384,
391.
Buffalo
Springs,
592.
Buglers, 82, 83.
for College,
Builders,
See
also
Fund,
Architects,
40- 41, 48, 51,
Contractors,
69,
116,
Overseers,
396.
Surveyors,
Undertakers.
530,
531,
533,
534, 538, 544,
546, 547, 554, 555,
559,
560,
561, 562,
563,
565,
569, 570,
571, 572, 573,
574,
575,
576, 577, 578, 601, 602, 603, 606, 614, 622, 623, 626,
676.
See also
College.
Funds,
ix, 86,
90, 97, 117, 118, 224, 303, 435, 446,
Building materials,
459, 521, 605, 606, 607, 614, 621, 639, 641, 665, 674.
Hair,
See also
Lime, Lumber,
Bricks, Flooring,
Laths,
Stone,
Timber, etc.
Nails, Plank,
College
Hotel;
College;
Buildings at College: See Brafferton;
Houses,
Building
526,
Kitchens;
Outbuildings;
houses, Wren Building.
new ( 20th century),
683.
Bureaus,
215.
Privies;
President'
s
House;
Smoke-
�INDEX
16.
-
T.
Burfoot,
M.,
367.
37, 39,
36,
Burgesses,
of
College
for
126,
122,
House
of,
87,
99,
39,
29,
Mary,
125,
5, 6, 7, 8,
41, 66, 68, 71,
128- a.
See
viii,
vi,
40,
passed
by,
address
of,
49,
68,
70,
121,
9,
10,
11,
12,
address
to
King,
Andros'
speech
86,
81,
19,
104,
101,
General Assembly.
40.
acts
of,
clerk
held
by
by
into
fire
at
College,
166 &
165,
of,
speaker
Burkets
Burnaby,
Burning
D.
Burr,
Burr &
Burrage,
of
90,
126- 127.
by,
of,
iv,
Burying ground.
Co. ,
461.
62, 154,
61,
155,
486,
549.
177.
See
College
in;
burials
Andrew,
I. &
9- 10.
101.
Tazewell
Earl
Rev.
7,
39.
Garden,"
Burlington,
6,
5,
1705,
559.
77,
Chapel,
See
Burials,
vi,
granted
scholarships
College,
104, 105, 110.
1691, 11- 14, 17.
Blair,
80,
87,
68, 76, 77,
viii,
of
491,
n,
76,
of,
records
proposed
on
James
to
instructions
meets
62.
34.
conference
inquiry
135- 136.
to,
128- a.
of,
chaplain
411
85,
199.
William &
36,
111,
110,
77,
204.
277.
ii,
31,
30,
71,
68,
167,
157,
a,
funeral,
at Botetourtts
66,
62,
40,
128-
111,
101,
Fires
1705;
661.
412,
Company,
1859;
1862.
310.
Ustick,
Nicholas,
542.
177,
182,
210,
220 &
275,
379,
281,
310,
382,
404,
422,
386,
426,
498,
324,
403,
414,
Bursar,
430,
446,
499,
509,
268,
271,
234- a, 249, 267,
332, 337, 339, 351, 353, 374,
405, 406, 407, 411, 412, 413,
450, 472, 474, 477, 491, 492,
533,
534, 535,
524, 530,
510,
546,
547,
571,
602,
548,
572,
604,
554,
573,
606,
555,
574,
607,
629,
655,
630,
632,
635,
560,
577,
613,
637,
664,
665,
668,
669.
494,
493,
537,
563,
583,
617,
642,
538,
567,
599,
618,
545,
569,
600,
622,
650,
651,
of,
288,
308- 309,
duties
293,
291,
of,
144.
209.
Mr.,
George,
Burwell,
290,
328,
231,
445.
accounts
Burton,
570,
601,
628,
652,
n,
105.
218.
Mrs.,
Carter,
Lewis,
201-
3,
a,
209.
206.
Nathaniel,
Burying ground,
The Busy Body,"
201-
a,
205,
College,
158.
206.
509,
577.
294,
304,
305,
561,
578,
614,
640,
306,
562,
582,
616,
641,
�INDEX
17.
Butchers,
181- a, 218.
College,
F.,
626, 627.
F.,
Benjamin
631,
639.
B.
Butler,
Butlers,
College,
144.
218.
College, 69.
Butter,
181-
Buttery,
a,
Buttons, 163, 211.
Buttresses,
570.
Buttz, Charles W.,
Byrd, Colonel, 86,
636.
145,
Byrd,
William
See
also
13,
58,
25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 40,
62- 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 76,
173.
Mrs.,
409.
Charles,
367, 368.
George,
334, 335.
John,
193.
Thomas,
192- b 193.
William ( 1st),
8,
9,
54, 55,
235.
2,
5,
52,
53,
85,
51,
78,
86,
of Virginia,
auditor
27,
5, 8, 9
in England ( at Lambeth),
of College,
rector
85.
2,
councillor,
51,
52,
55,
58,
63,
76, 78,
235.
29.
64- 68.
to
40.
go to England,
trustee
of College,
13,
of
vindication
25, 53, 54.
Andros by, 62- 63,
Gov.
65,
66.
College,
26.
William ( 2nd),
116, 145,
146.
quoted, 116, 146.
of
visitor
receiver-
Virginia,
of
general
29- 30.
Cabaness, Mr.,
391.
Cabell, J.,
290.
Joseph
C.,
xi,
500,
550.
500,
501, 550.
Cabinetmakers,
189.
Cabot,
Dr.,
587.
Cadignan,
Chevalier Dupleix de,
Caissons,
577.
F.,
N.
Cakes,
181- a.
Calvert,
208.
Maximilian,
Cambridge
Dr.,
Carom,
20.
611,
238,
University,
618.
445.
Mrs.,
218.
Edward, 448-
449.
Dr.
435.
Rev.
Edward,
John ( Profess
192,
books
purchased
commissary
of,
letter
marriage
of
Bishop
194.
170,
175,
183-
a,
218.
by,
192- b.
of,
viii,
or)
216,
200,
183of
a,
183-
London,
b,
183- c.
216,
218.
189-
a -
189- c,
�18.
INDEX
Cam,
John
Rev.
( continued)
183-
pamphlet by,
president of
216,
of
Colonel,
Dr.,
301,
183-
viii,
a
n.,
211,
Divinity, • 183- a n.
591,
594.
342.
Mr.,
1771- 1777),
218.
professor
Campbell,
183- c.
a,
College (
339.
296,
Professor,
Charles,
335, 653.
560.
427,
400,
College,
of
Canada,
light,
Candle-
sockets,
See
xv.
400.
1837),
William &
Yard,
also
Mary College.
119.
Candle-
by (
296.
Frederick,
319.
319- 320.
John,
Campus
College
of
description
David,
Candles,
207,
177,
171,
210,
356,
213,
442,
own,
216,
214,
512,
their
185, 192- b,
218,
219, 220,
182,
180,
194,
323,
177.
585.
83.
163.
supply
professors
442.
sperm,
students
their
supply
171.
own,
163.
tallow,
candlesticks,
brass,
163.
97.
College,
at
Cannons,
436.
tin,
Canisters,
Cant
357.
163,
209,
352,
341,
windows,
myrtle,
Canes,
95,
91,
83,
204,
324,
in
321, 344,
512.
boards,
683.
83,
439.
of,
Archbishop
Canterbury,
67,
16,
15,
68,
20,
19,
155,
160,
72,
73, 85, 114,
619, 650, 653.
books presented by,
155, 653.
of College,
chancellor
85.
120,
63,
62,
64, 65,
160,
66,
168,
168.
159 &
n.,
259,
650.
650.
of,
contributions
of,
gifts
legacy
to
letter
619,
College,
to,
Capital,
n.,
85.
at Jamestown,
of Virginia,
at Middle
Plantation,
v,
77,
See also Williamsburg.
71.
71,
vi.
v,
xi.
at
Richmond,
at
Williamsburg,
Capitol,
159 &
xi,
227.
See
Williamsburg,
viii,
vi,
v,
121,
71,
184,
111,
115,
2.27,
242,
244, 253, 254, 257,
556, 559.
435,
act
295,
to
build
of,
building
burned,
clock
at,
Williamsburg,
at
vi,
1747,
carpenters
at,
105.
147,
73,
108,
276„
also
Capitol.
647.
Richmond,
83,
viii,
95,
v,
86.
165- 166 &
96.
n.
82,
84,
185,
262 &
71.
86,
211,
n.,
87, 105,
226,
226- a,
266, 267,
�INDEX
-
19.
Capitol,
Williamsburg (
description
hospital
moot
of,
in,
continued)
226- a
246, 251.
1777,
245,
244,
in,
237.
picture
of,
opp.
records
in,
84,
p. 162.
101..
courts
an
school
site
of,
587.
Capps, F.,
542.
Caps, square,
200.
Caps and gowns,
200.
See also
Capstone laid at College Z1859),
Cards, playing of, 170- b, 286.
Carolina,
138, 147.
72,
Academic
also
North
Carpenters,
57,
310,
367,
407,
95,
College,
for
291,
293,
56,
Gowns.
South
564.
See
from,
students
72.
Carpenter & Peebles, 678.
263,
dress;
Carolina;
558,
96,
97,
Carolina.
161,
183, 186- 188,
340, 346, 349,
332, 336,
355, 359,
350,
373, 377, 379, 384, 396, 397,
399, 402, 403,
405,
409, 412, 413, 415,
421, 423,
424, 425,
427, 430, 445, 461, 471, 478, 533, 536, 542,
547, 554, 568, 570,
606, 607,
573,
574, 577, 578, 605,
See also
Workmen.
614, 640, 641, 665.
Carpet
493,
house,
door
441.
to,
4111 .
Carriages,
254.
Cart horses, 56.
Cart wheels,
57.
Carter,
437,
179,
320,
439.
L38,
437,
581.
strips,
Carpets,
Carriage
294,
365,
Mr.,
also
Horses.
262.
158-
Mrs.
See
408.
408.
a,
house
of,
Charles,
158-
170- a.
a,
James,
263.
Dr.
James,
191.
John,
231.
Landon,
183- a.
Robert,
6,
5,
3,
Robert
Bladen,
William,
Carthagena,
7,
229,
192- b,
11,
104,
229,
263
162.
56, 57, 288, 321, 436, 437,
152- n.
Cary, Archibald,
Henry, 152- n., 152- a - 153.
Carts,
John,
Niles,
14.
5,
101,
230.
230.
7,
102,
accounts
rector
of
8,
25, 26,
108, 146.
13,
105,
of, 146.
College,
trustee,
25,
visitor,
26.
54,
47,
55,
94,
102.
441.
47,
101,
53,
54,
102.
55,
73,
76,
86,
94,
�INDEX
-
Cary
(
20.
continued)
Samuel,
311.
Virginia,
Mrs.
Wilson
Miles,
313.
313.
Cary &
Hart,
412.
Cases,
427.
glass,
Castell, Edmund, 653.
Castings,
Catalogs
of
Catalogs
of
449.
books,
42- 45,
Cato, "
Mark,
401,
128,
491.
142.
518.
427,
425,
348,
509.
Catawba Indians,
302- a.
Catawba River, 302- a.
Catechism taught scholars,
Catesby,
146,
75,
406,
College,
169.
Cattle, 324,
Cedar trees,
643.
601,
See
Celebrations
205, 206,
166th),
553.
anniversary (
iv,
foundations
laid ( 1695),
iv- v, 69- 71.
1699),
May Day (
8044;
Transfer
See
Cows.
also
See also
Trees
381.
at William & Mary College,
( 1772)
See
vii.
Day,
386; (
47.
iv-
1859)
See
v,
69-
vi,
Foundation Day.
also
Transfer Day.
also
Orations.
See
Cellars,
Wren Building, basement of.
Cement, 448, 603, 664.
See also
Chapel,
Cemetery, College, 509, 577.
surveyor'
s,
60, 321.
Chains,
Chairboard, 436.
Chairs,
1702)
Commencements,
Balls,
also
71; (
553.
124,
382,
163,
388,
184,
478,
cushions
for,
212,
508,
326, 360,
in.
326.
leather,
186,
479,
burials
124.
lecture
See
382.
room,
215,
621.
also
294,
324,
361,
Forms.
215.
186.
mahogany,
masters',
office,
478,
walnut,
163.
Chairs,
Chalk,
479.
240.
riding,
351.
Chamber
363.
185, 362,
pots,
Chambers, Mr.,
308.
Champagne,
566.
363,
of College,
Chancellors
154,
how
named
in
letter
See
155,
elected,
14,
charter,
( 1768)
to
High
Chandeliers,
xi,
192-
85,
114,
10,
192- b.
Archbishop
of;
George.
Court
493.
14, 27, 59, 74, 75,
192- b, 236, 300.
a,
75.
27.
Canterbury,
also
Washington,
Chancery,
168,
of,
236.
See
also,
Lighting.
London,
Bishop of;
146,
�INDEX
-
21.
Chandler,
Mr.,
Alvin
425.
Duke, (
1951-
president
),
xv.
Julian A. C., (
president 1919- 1934), xv, 499, 685.
Chapel ( South wing, Wren Building), vii, viii, ix, xii, xiii,
63, 66, 67, 68, 102, 131, 133, 146, 147, 148, 151- 152- a,
154, 155, 158, 160, 161, 166, 185, 192- b, 195- a, 196,
197, 199,
201,
202,
203,
210,
204, 205, 206,
212,
216,
220,
226-
355,
427,
356,
438,
504,
536,
602,
672,
505,
538,
604,
674,
to
addition
of,
aisle
274, 295, 297, 302- a, 309, 318, 332, 349,
357, 3 58, 360,
364, 365, 409, 411, 416, 422,
443,
470, 475, 478, 483, 485, 488, 493, 503,
506, 507, 511, 512, 513, 514, 527, 533, 534,
544, 548, 549, 554, 558, 564, 566, 571, 573,
613, 617, 620, 626, 646, 647, 648, 649, 666,
678, 679- 681.
a,
planned, 679- 681.
488, 648.
See also Floor of.
203,
to,
527.
165,
185,
See
365.
alterations
at,
attendance
benches for,
Botetourt attends,
Botetourt •buried
192- b.
also
forms in;
pews
in;
seats
198,
199,
201,
202,
203,
in.
195- a.
in,
ix,
200,
226- a,
297. '
bricks
63,
for,
brickwork
builder
for,
66,
67,
148,
of,
147,
68,
409,
151,
152.
411.
152- n.
151,
of ( 1729- 1732),
building
vii, 146,
147, 151- 152, 152- a, 155.
burials in, viii, ix, x,
199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 226- a,
12p,
296, 297, 5037 50
295,
507,
512- 513,
527, 573.
student
buried
in, 295.
See also
Botetourt,
Lord; Madison, Rev. Janes; Nelson,
Judge; Randolph,
Sir John;
Randolph, John; Randolph,
Peytoh.
burned (
1859),
511, 512, 514; ( 1862)
Fires, 1859, 1862.
vaulted,
549.
See
xiii,
591.
also
ceiling
commencement
in,
xii,
274,
483,
534,
536,
566,
626,
647- 648.
See also Commencements.
contract
for
dated
brick
debates
152- n.
building,
of ( 1732),
completion
in,
152-
opp.
description
in,
floor
274.
See also Commencements.
226- a;- 1816) 302- a.
506, 533, 558, 564, 613,
of, ( 1777)
318, 505,
411.
in,
forms
in
199,
505,
covered,
506,
161.
507,
See
foundation
of laid,
152- a.
furnishing
of,
365,
gallery of,
Lady Gooch'
keeper
155.
617.
of,
entrance
411,
154,
646.
in,
declamations in, 196.
degrees conferred in,
doors
a,
151.
p.
of,
358,
488.
s
gifts
212.
to,
679.
210.
538.
also
benches;
pews;
seats.
�INDEX
Chape.
22
(
continued)
marriage
in,
monument
to
571.
Botetourt
of,
painting
pews in,
365,
199,
201,
suggested,
See
in,
monuments
tablets
202,
203.
in.
485.
See
203.
496.
picture
opp.
p.
plan of ( Jefferson' s),
opp.
in,
benches
also
forms
in,
seats
in.
of,
148,
of,
plastering
pulpit in,
203.
216.
reading in, 197,
rebuilt, ( 1859)
xii,
to,
repairs
533, 536, 544, 558, 564; ( 1869)
See
309, 365, 438, 504, 678.
307,
303,
robbed ( 1862),
roof of,
582.,
xiii,
148,
152-
in,
617.
Repairs.
Building,
roof
of.
514,
in,
195-
475,
554,
296,
201,
204, 205, 206,
558, 564, 571.
a,
297,
302,
in;
burials
also
151,
147,
viii,
ix,
220,
Vaults.
341,
505,
511,
512,
584,
burials
also
in,
152- n.
xiii,
199,
200,
201,
503,
504- 507,
549, 558,
591, 620.
538,
527,
xiii,
robbed,
564,
573,
584,
591,
620.
x,
in.
203.
of,
151,
152opp.
p.
of, 147,
148, 203,
windows
pews in.
682.
649,
See
for,
512- 513,
walls
in,
forms
507.
under,
wainscot
365,
160,
548,
427.
in,
undertaker
See
in,
192- b,
185,
364,
xii,
x,
517,
trapdoor
vaults
benches
411.
in,
tablets
166,
357,
422.
of,
shingling
to,
steps
564.
also
220.
a,
154,
356,
274,
tombs
152-
in,
services
altered,
Chaplan,
Wren
,
613,
also
over,
sermons
Chapel,
591, 620.
See also
422.
a,
478. _
rostrum
of, 648./ 558,
in, 318. 2 See
seats
roams
206.
p.
443.
549.
small -
See
George,
See
illus.
302- a, 506.
See also
549, 666, 674.
Wren Building,
windows.
a,
Wren Building.
488,
also
opp.
P.
496.
288.
Charcoal, 321, 414.
Charles II, 18, 20, 24, 28, 98, 157.
John S.,
662, 673, 675.
Charles,
Charles City County, 38, 81.
S.
C.,
Charleston,
266.
Va.,
Charlottesville,
ix, xi, xii,
376.
Charity Working
Charter
1,
School,
William
for
5,
6,
30, 31,
74, 75,
7,
32,
78,
and
8,
33,
91,
Maryland,
Mary
9,
10,
139,
140,
141,
158-
272,
277,
278,
284,
595,
102,
i,
ii,
iii,
amended (
1779)
232,
233,
183-
346,
vii,
xv,
12,
664, 679.
a,
iv,
13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 24- 29,
39, 40, 54, 55, 59, 63, 64, 65,
112,
114, 121, 129, 130, 137,
11,
38,
34,
94,
170.
College,
a,
347,
192,
491,
232,
514,
235- 237; ( 1887)
233, 235,
253, 260,
549,
556, 578- 579,
679.
�INDEX
-
23.
Charter
( continued)
bound
box
in
gilt (1764),
for,
named
chancellor
cost
183- a.
32.
in,
27.
of procuring,
11,
12,
20,
32, 38,
to commissioners
of customs ( 1693),
to Mr.
Fane ( 1727),
141.
copy
copy
copy ( certified)
requested
94.
32
England ( 1829),
from
578- 579.
entered in Council book ( 1693),
30 34.
funds granted for College by ( 1693),
iii,
346,
347;
1861)
in
Russia,
granted College
lands
28- 29,
in,
37- 38.
original
24- n, 272.
copy lost,
29.
presented to Council ( 1693),
presented to House of Burgesses ( 1693),
president of College named in, 26.
printed by William Parks ( 1706),
24- n.
noted in,
25, 74.
professorships
saved
in,
named
from
for
site
See also Funds
54.
See also
Black-
Swamp; Pamunkey Neck.
water
rector
27- 29,
272.
fire
31,
32.
27.
( 1859),
College
514.
mentioned
25,
in,
36.
of ( portion of),
24- 29.
trustees
named in, 25.
text
and
visitors
by
written
governors named
Mr.
Nichols,
32.
in,
English,
Charters,
13, 17, 32
Charts, 571.
Chastellux, Chevalier de ( Marquis
book
conferred
description
on (
Hospital,
685,
Chemical
132 &
248,
1782),
College
of
n.,
opp.
xii,
xiii,
358,
493,
599,
604, 613,
401,
504,
617,
656,
666.
654, 655,
See
226,
167,
389,
649,
503,
658,
307, 317, 318, 324,
300,
427, 431, 433, 446, 459,
514, 524, 530, 533, 582, 594,
625, 631, 633, 634, 638, 639,
299,
410,
511,
618,
423,
See
also
Apparatus.
395,
396, 401, 423, 427, 510,
See also
617.
Apparatus Roan;
672, 675.
454,
303,
laboratory,
604, 613,
549,
267.
249.
132 ( illus.),
p.
298,
328,
487,
595,
Chemical
260,
148.
4b6,
Chemical
256,
686.
apparatus,
327,
249,
248- 249.
by,
Cheese, 183, 189, 191, 201.
Chelsea," Middlesex County,
Chelsea
248,
de),
55.
267
by,
degree
26- 27,
25,
440,
rooms,
Apparatus roan;
Laboratory.
Department of, 311, 323, 324,
512,
515,
Laboratory.
also
Chemistry,
examinations
in,
lectures in,
311.
232,
professors
327,
389.
399,
423,
487.
399.
in,
See
238,
also
282,
283,
Professors.
285,
298,
299,
318,
323,
324,
�INDEX
-
24.
Chestnut
558,
512,
564.
181.
Indians,
Cherokee
467,
324,
322- 323,
Chemicals,
381.
trees,
106,
Chests,
144, 310.
310.
309,
iron,
144.
money,
University of, 685.
Chickahominy Indians, 119.
Chickahominy River, 484.
Chicago,
218,
Chickens,
Childr
488.
S.,
U.
of
442.
Mr.,
rss,
houses.
219.
Justice
Chief
Fowl
See
houses,
Chicken
Childs,;) 650.
Edward,
Chilton,
Chinese
Wren
of;
chimneys
trees,
Chinquapin
grammar,
Chiphead,
Mr.,
Building,
President' s House,
of;
chimneys
chimneys
of.
381.
374.
56.
William,
Chiswell,
59- 60.
Virginia by,
of
Brafferton,
See
Chimneys,
60.
59,
24,
State
Present
The
125.
99.
Chocolate,
187.
block,
Chopping
Christ
Christ
Norfolk,
Church,
Church
682.
Va.,
Middlesex
Parish,
Co.,
149.
122.
Christanna,
of,
house
328,
221,
Mr.,
Christian,
339,
471.
435,
481.
446.
Major,
Edmund,
328,
310,
Turner,
339,
446.
473.
Christie,
James,
Christmas,
74,
297.
86,
75,
of
barring- out"
at,
vacation
of
Church
Middle
at
94,
100.
99,
See
before,
masters
10,
46,
14,
31,
"
Barring- out."
152,
53,
238.
82.
79,
Plantation,
33.
244, 586.
See
475.
in Williamsburg,
6, 19.
Mr.,
Churchill,
hospitals
96,
95,
vii.
England,
18,
Churches,
89,
in,
9, 19.
136, 163,
178.
Bruton Parish Church.
also
William,
340,
649.
441.
441, 444, 459.
Hotel,
427, 428, 544,
620.
135,
Cider,
Cinnamon,
Cistern
pipe,
Cisterns,
City
Civil
War,
584- 596.
college
buildings
college
See
company
also
formed
used
Fire,
in,
575,
in,
xiii,
581,
1862.
577,
579.
582,
583,
�INDFX
-
Civil
War
25.
(
college
continued)
suspended
exercises
583- 584,
582,
losses
college
in,
xiv,
Fire,
also
1861-
during,
1865,
646,
651,
579,
580,
650.
594,
633- 635,
xv,
654, 679.
1862.
Clamps,
447, 453.
Clark,
Colin, 496.
Clarke, Mr.,
344, 478.
41.
Philip,
Class rooms,
§. 2g
Lecture rooms.
Classical school,
395, 419.
Mr.,
Clay,
Clayton,
209.
Mrs.,
Clements,
Clergy,
175.
Francis,
58.
Virginia,
82, 85, 89,
in
316,
of,
i,
of,
meetings
See
of,
conventions
3, 4, 10, 17,
128- 128- b, 162,
1- 2,
104, 127,
579, 649.
317,
education
ii,
i,
10,
ii,
meetings
49,
171,
51,
64,
172,
81,
204,
of.
316,
17,
See also
317.
Divinity School.
128- 128- b,
171,
172,
510,
549,
127,
104,
25,
167,
649.
of,
salaries
college
for
proposals
Scotchmen
for
4.
college
taken
by,
3,
4.
25.
56,
58,
57,
146.
99- 100,
56.
of,
salary
Cleverdon,
Herbert,
Cleverdon,
Varney, &
684.
684.
Pike,
221.
Clockmakers,
682.
Clocks, at Bruton
Capitol,
College,
at
3,
64.
in,
Clerks ( clergymen),
Clerks of College,
at
1- 2,
4.
subscriptions
Cloaks,
by,
Parish
Church,
485.
262.
105,
225,
289,
293,
295,
298,
299,
308,
311,
377,
427,
514.
astronomical,
cleaned,
described,
presented
Close-
for,
289,
299,
311.
188.
Brafferton;
President'
s
House;
Wren
Building,
201.
for
Indians,
for
students,
for
professors,
178.
Cloves,
Coaches,
682.
1919),
293, 295, 298,
189.
See
Clothing,
College (
225,
stools,
Closets,
to
to,
repairs
strings
514.
308.
427.
78.
211.
180,
218.
184.
See
also
Academic
dress.
closets
in.
�26.
INDEX
—
Coal,
161,
169,
447,
452,
370, 395, 404, 410, 415, 421, 425,
469, 479, 554, 574, 576, 674.
467,
410.
anthracite,
275.
pit,
447.
Heating.
for,
shovels
See
also
Coats,
Cooke,
297,
275,
184.
238.
Mx'.,
Mrs. Isabella,
John,
290.
General
179,
mil,
Cockfights,
508.
H.,
John
Richard,
181—
a.
150.
170—b.
Cockloft,
312.
Coffee,
218, 219.
Coffee mill, 178.
Coffin
Coke,
186,
George
John,
297,
295,
Dr.,
Mr.,
199
199, 200,
H.,
449.
505,
503,
506,
513,
550.
681.
C.,
H.
Cole,
17701
plate, (
Coffins,
449.
333.
402, 404,
639.
J.,
301.
Jesse,
308,
Dr.
314,
Jesse,
397,
399,
404.
342.
Bosom.,
300,
William,
2,
301,
5, 6,
8,
College,
of
trustee
321.
305,
7,
9,
13,
13, 14, 25, 26,
25, 27, 28.
27,
28,
29.
26.
visitor,
Cole &
Durfy, 471.
Cole &
Sheldon,
Coleman,
331.
297, 409.
Mr.,
420, 421.
Mrs. Cynthia Beverley Tucker,
William, 290, 306.
Mrs.,
D.
S.,
A.,
See
also
Washington,
Mrs.
427.
Isaac
676- 677.
279.
Coles,
Collars,
56.
Dutch,
College
Cemetery,
College
farm,
509,
577.
See
also
Chapel,
burials
in.
325.
526, 527, 530, 531, 533, 547, 548, 559,
523,
599, 622, 662, 666, 667.
573,
See also Students,
board charged in,
expenses
580, 645, 648.
boarders in, 599, 630.
630; ( 1888) 673.
of, ( c. 1870)
description
College
Hotel,
xii,
565,
gutters
occupied
on,
644.
by Mr.
occupied
by Col.
occupied by Mr.
purchased ( 1859)
repairs
642,
roof
to,
Harrell,
Harrison,
R.
643,
644,
decayed,
644.
667.
Richardson,
xii,
xiii,
594.
523,
667.
533.
598, 613, 617, 620, 638, 639, 640,
645, 654, 655, 656, 658, 673, 675.
554,
641,
of.
�f
INDEX
-
College
27.
Hotel ( continued)
in,
rooms
630,
599,
steward
in,
Colleges,
599,
630.
Collins &
P.,
Collinson,
Colonial
Colors,
Ewell Building.
See
William and Mary College.
1- 3.
i,
359.
353,
183.
Company,
Mr.,
Colquitt,
431.
441, 445,
exercises,
xii,
ment.
162,
p.
See also
opp.
549.
537,
447,
396,
Columns,
Stewards.
also
635.
623,
183.
Inc.,
Williamsburg,
paint, 448- 449, 452,
Collinson &
See
also
establish,
352,
Company,
Heath,
See
664.
to
attempts
Collins &
683,
687.
Paint.
448.
201.
Commencement
to
Committee
for
Committee
of
See
190,
Compasses,
Gavallo'
Concord,"
79.
186.
185,
in College.
62.
61,
See
States,
579, 581,
226- a,
Congress,
Continental,
Congress,
U.
presented
claim
582,
Bishop
of.
589,
590,
594,
( 1781- 1782) ,
247,
249,
583,
582,
538,
by,
584,
583.
488,
477.
College
to
of College
548.
for
damages
for
damages (
made
to
426,
462- 463.
431,
of
College
626- 627,
82,
Continental
Congress,
Contractors,
642,
651,
623,
590,
xiv,
xv,
670,
678,
679.
83.
541,
See
544,
Congress,
568,
678.
See
Continental.
Builders;
also
See
to College,
Contributions
1861- 1865) ,
638,
633- 636,
631,
Constables,
William
124,
127.
and
Mary
Undertakers.
College,
contributions.
521.
Convocation
room,
Mr.,
IIICook & 97.
Cook- maid,
Treat,
vi,
122,
156, 201.
602, 603,
College,
aprons
Coopers'
philosophical.
683.
S.,
books
Cooper,
London,
also
Confederate
Cooks,
Rooms.
also
mathematical;
Apparatus,
also
Confederate
595,
Conway,
See
a,
Army, xiii, 579, 581,
635, 636, 646, 651.
Cavalry, xiii.
Confederate
Convicts,
William;
427.
203.
Conductors,
claim
Thomas;
Rev.
170.
169,
Concerts,
Dawson,
James;
Rev.
Blair,
also
501,
427.
See
27,
Henry,
181-
Meals,
also
321,
427.
196.
s,
Compositions,
Compton,
166,
College,
233.
Commons,
Rev.
499,
488- 489,
483,
38.
Plantations,
Room,
See
9.
Laws,
of
Revisal
the
372,
647- 648.
James.
Rev.
Horrocks,
Dawson,
John;
Rev.
Camm,
336,
78,
626,
536, 566,
Bishop of London,
534,
533,
Commissaries
Common
599, 673.
625, 630, 673.
of ( 1882) ,
value
667.
594,
581,
in,
students
torn down,
Combs,
673.
642,
of recommended,
sale
for,
97,
604.
144,
164,
207,
213.
164.
George,
3.
work,
164,
See
181,
329.
also
Rooms,
Wren Building.
�INDEX
-
28.
185,
192,
412,
plate
from
Bodleian
Copper,
Copper
Corbin,
20.
177,
57,
fields,
Corner
152- a.
107,
509.
stone,
General,
Cornwallis,
President'
in
degree
452,
Council,
453.
12,
v,
19,
81,
29,
55,
86,
116,
attends
chamber
of,
36,
37,
38,
71,
73,
76,
88,
90,
97,
101,
funeral,
9,
11,
10,
46,
78,
47,
79,
meetings
meetings
of
at
College,
97,
167,
87,
105, 110.
78.
68, 73, 76,
97,
97- a.
of,
of,
Council
Council
1701) ,
viii,
77,
79,
office,
St.
Council,
also
chamber
of,
James,
115,
118.
79.
49,
267,
in Williamsburg,
meetings
citizens
in,
hospitals
514, 522,
522.
315,
315,
at,
586.
586.
1859) , 514.
See also
226- a.
new (
moot,
Yard,
William &
237.
480.
479,
480.
479,
459,
441,
way,
at
Brafferton,
at
President'
Cowles,
S.,
David
S. &
Cowles,
Cows,
297,
459.
461, 464.
Company, 450.
s
Craddock,
Mr.,
William,
Mr.,
House,
671.
355,
Crampton,
Craig,
81,
in Wren Blue.:
41.
Henry,
Court
See
87, 90.
173.
63,
Coursey,
Covered
80,
n.
115.
5, 9.
256.
library,
Council
Courthouses,
s (
101.
chamber,
Councillors,
166 &
165,
1705,
56.
of,
president
Courts,
80,
105, 110, 115,
256.
180,
199, 227,
104,
79,
vi,
Byrd'
Mr.
Courtyard,
49,
of.
of
fire
at
of
166,
8,
41,
77,
104,
Building,
of
records
165,
199.
157,
139,
s
meetings
into
inquiry by
84,
7,
33,
68,
101.
of,
orders
6,
5,
4,
30,
60,
87,
in Wren
also
3,
56,
136,
135,
Botetourt'
See
2,
viii,
21,
53,
85,
52,
84,
51,
vi,
20,
iv,
ii,
clerk
249.
249.
249.
by,
oration
Cotton,
248,
248,
on,
590.
240.
x,
245,
conferred
242,
240,
x,
House,
s
Francois,
Jean
Coste,
242.
187,
187.
Corn binns,
Corn
684.
162,
p.
opp.
308.
121,
Mr.,
Gowen,
Corn,
Library,
168- a.
books,
Copy
413.
See
58.
180.
542.
also
Cattle.
Mary College.
�INDEX
-
Craig
( continued)
29.
William, 105, 123.
Crease, Thomas, 159, 161.
Cresswell, Nicholas,
227.
Cronin, David Edward,
589.
Crowbars,
447.
Crowninshield,
shield,
287,
288.
Company,
576.
Benjamin,
667.
Crump,
Mr.,
397, 628.
Joshua,
310.
Judge,
Judge, W. W.,
William W.,
597.
416.
F. &
A.
Crutchfield,
Cryer, George,
57.
Lord,
Culpeper,
Cupola,
20,
22.
of Wren
Building, 83,
406, 475,
Williamsburg, 277.
226-
277,
a,
105,
106,
107,
108,
113,
484,
614,
649,
674.
See also Wren Building.
Cupolas, in
Currants, 181- a.
Cushions,
388, 478.
Custis, Mr.,
478, 554.
George Washington Parke, 281.
James W.,
534, 574.
John, 3, 39, 104, 126.
John Parke,
208.
205, 207,
of,
Collectors
Customs,
37.
Commissioners of, 22, 32.
Cutlery,
College,
fire
an
192.
189,
183,
Cypher,
boundary
on
buckets,
stone,
opp.
p.
124.
D.
Dade,
Mr.,
221.
Daguerreotype, of College,
op.
p.
Daguerreotype artist, 489.
Dairy, College, 439, 472.
Dale,
Dr.
William J.,
587,
588.
J.
Dame,
494.
469.
Dancing, in Hall, 102.
123, 159.
Dancing masters,
at
College,
school,
Dancing
Dandridge,
George,
Davenport,
Mr.,
Company,
Edward (
William,
Mr.,
N.
Rebecca,
201.
pirate),
332.
19, 55.
John,
Oliver,
Dawson,
175.
206.
Matthew,
Davidson &
Capt.
422.
173,
681.
Joseph,
Davis,
123,
218.
Mrs.
Daugherty,
4110
489- n.
C.
Dampers,
Davies,
485,
240.
603,
H.
R.,
175.
604.
669.
iii,
55.
158-
a -
159.
38.
131,
�INDEX
-
30.
Dawson
(
continued)
Thomas,
170,
171,
162- 163.
163.
168, 172- 173,
176.
master,
letters
of,
letters
to,
1761),
president ( 1755-
of from
purchases
London
to
usher,
Thomas,
Mrs.
for
246,
152,
bought
174- 175,
177- 178.
173- a, 175.
Office, 168- a,
183- a.
162.
251.
152-
168,
a,
168-
167,
by,
College
of
description
170.
169.
154- 155.
a,
vii,
by,
166.
diploma,
habit
a,
viii,
Printing
ordination,
241,
William.
bocks
173-
163.
175.
Warrington,
Rev.
173- a.
175.
174-
of,
education
Indian
172,
of,
daughter
hood of ( 1747),
and
of,
vii,
to,
166.
164- 165,
154- 155,
162- 163,
166,
169.
letters
167,
168.
letters
College (
1743- 1752),
president
professor
411/
of
purchases
of prints
purchases
Daybrooks,
Mrs.
363.
Deal
boards,
Deans,
Decanters,
Declaration
168- a.
167,
169.
568.
683- n.
478.
Latin,
in
311,
386,
488.
488.
cf,
Land,
College
at
205.
Independence,
of
signers
for
pictures,
163.
Declamations,
Degrees
560,
Howard,
Society,
Debating
and
170.
152.
99.
E.,
John
Dearstyne,
Deed
viii,
vii,
of philosophy,
149,
Office,
of from Printing
55.
and
William
Nary
Colle -
e,
142,
196,
206,
372.
awarded
Chapel,
in
Arts,
of
Bachelor
295.
142,
Laws,
Doctor
of
Civil
Doctor
of
Law,
Doctor
196,
248.
206.
of Physic,
248, 314- 315.
248, 249.
conferred
honorary,
on
Gen.
Coste,
Chastellux,
248,
conferred
Dr.
conferred
on
B.
Franklin,
conferred
on
T.
Jefferson,
conferred
how
on
on
Gen.
obtained,
273- 274.
Master
of
Arts,
requirements
time
248.
of
librarian,
173.
248.
Lafayette,
314- 315.
142,
173.
285.
238, 274.
for,
taking,
De la Pena, C, 333,
249.
344,
348.
348,
349,
351,
354,
365,
257,
295,
�INDEX
-
31.
Delawafer,
Lionel,
Demijohns,
300.
Democrats,
475.
DeNeufville,
n. .
Mr.,
370, 379.
311, 382.
304, 305,
R.,
298.
290,
618, 650.
Earl of, 611,
P.
Derby,
Dering,
William,
159.
187, 215,
187.
school,
Desks,
350.
163,
in
walnut,
163.
298.
Peter,
Deverger,
S
P
Phoebe,
De vlt,
Divit.
359.
Mr.,
R.,
Thomas
350,
335,
343,
391,
384,
portrait
president
395,
411,
428,
360,
549.
430,
398,
397,
1836- 1846),
College (
of
401,
403,
3a.,
406,
299,
posts,
Dice,
170- b.
Company,
423,
392,
360,
426,
362,
361,
367,
also
Sun
dial.
369.
574.
570,
Miss,
213.
227.
Mrs.
Dudley,
94,
Edward,
212,
216,
212,
Ned
Diggs.
219.
Hall;
Great
See
also
566,
in
Great
181-
a,
also
Common
Room;
Commons;
Rods.
184,
185,
193,
171,
193,
181- 181-
a,
Meals.
Mrs.,
173-
174, 175.
174, 176,
a,
400,
of,
presented by,
gifts
of,
425,
of,
400.
425.
hooks
letters
Edward.
217,
218,
219,
566.
room,
Hall,
also
arms
Diggs,
649.
basement
in
See
Meals;
181,
171,
Robert,
566.
432,
roans,
Dinriddie,
218,
217,
297.
Rodwell,
Dinners,
also
See
227.
of,
room
Ned,
104.
219.
216- 219.
Maria,
See
368,
367,
T.,
M.
See
529.
Digges ( Diggs),
Dining
394,
393,
407, 408,
420,
405,
419,
404,
412,
Dial
Dilk,
370,
392•
Dewsville,
Dietz &
367,
362,
392- 393.
of,
414, 415, 417, 418,
549, 657.
433,
335, 343, 350, 353, 359,
professor,
370, 384, 391, 392- 393.
Dickson,
361,
392- 393.
of,
letter
359,
353,
670.
of,
house
III/
55 &
A.,
John
Dew,
iii,
400,
619.•
174,
176.
425,
486.
217,
218,
219.
237,
�INDEX
-
32.
Diplomas,
for
Mr.
from
177,
25,
195- a,
277,
31,
College,
Mary
at William &
School,
248.
173,
166.
371.
plates for, 308,
John,
Dipper,
363.
Divinity
degrees,
honorary
Fothergill,
vii,
viii,
133,
137,
142,
114,
232,
236,
238,
254,
ix,
1,
4,
173,
153,
259,
278.
17,
13,
226-
holidays
in,
in,
238,
278.
259,
254,
266,
144.
lectures
a,
232,
ix,
abolished ( 1779),
93,
59,
204,
177.
in,
professors
203- 204, 232, 236,
College, 177.
194,
237,
See
138.
salary of, 1,
for,
room
226- a.
254,
142,
149,
183- a- n,
266.
in,
statutes
concerning,
taught in,
subjects
of.
173,
144,
236.
203- 204,
214,
142,
195- a.
181- a, 218.
of,
144,
Divit,
Phoebe,
Dixon,
John ( Professor),
Mr.,
salaries
Professors,
also
204, 226- a.
142, 1i4.
students
216.
310.
404, 410, 411, 413,
308.
302, 304, 305,
Benjamin,
169.
Judah,
253,
138,
194.
of,
marriage
Dobson,
17,
13,
in
living
terms
8,
1,
viii,
vii,
415.
414,
395,
Thomas,
Dod,
Doe
37.
skin,
Dogs,
L.,
Cyrus
Doggett,
543.
192- b,
107,
499.
190.
Dolland,
Peter,
Donaghe,
William W.,
Donaghey,
Donations
tc
Donnys,
125.
Brafferton,
See
See
windows,
House;
Wren
Windows,
of;
dormer.
Building.
Building,
169- 170,
501, 585.
in, 493.
arches
in,
chimneys
493.
in,
curtains
169- 170.
493,
new,
501.
old,
209,
268,
in,
501.
493.
rebuilt,
493.
removed
from
staircases
Wren
to,
new,
building,
209.
678,
681.
President'
s
House,
doors
of;
of.
Wren
in
Dormitories,
doors
doors
Building,
437.
Dormitories,
contributions
58.
Davy,
rafters
Mary College,
to.
Wren
Dormer
and
664.
Doorkeepers,
Doorsills,
William
See
donations
M.,
Doors,
293.
College,
to;
Donnegan,
299.
291,
John,
527.
Also
181-
Brafferton;
a,
209,
268,
President' s
346,
�IDdDEX
—
33.
516.
Douglas, Mr.,
William R.
C.,
537.
515,
84.
Captain,
Dove,
John,
543.
Dowlass, 211.
Downes, Mr.,
432.
Parke ( England),
Downholme
Doxhill
ii.
463.
462,
estate,
Charles, 101.
81, 82.
a,
Drains, at College, 97—
258, 264.
garden,
Doyle,
Dragoons,
knives,
academic,
351.
166,
Virginia,
in
in kitchen,
Dressers,
Drew,
264,
364,
363,
442.
184.
Drawing
Dress,
258,
173,
184,
439,
See
200.
also
Caps;
Gowns;
Habit.
440.
Mrs.,
467.
John,
263.
Drewidz,
Drills,
447.
See also
417, 427, 431, 432, 435, 461.
Morris.
College, 369, 370, 372, 384, 389, 410, 499.
Morris,
Drinker,&
Drinker &
in
Drinking,
rules
See
Drum
concerning,
Students,
also
lines,
The
The
158.
Peasant, "
Druhken
Hugh (
Lt.
170.
Gov.),
Grip/ not,
Baron
DuBourg,
misconduct
of;
57.
Drummer, "
Drysdale,
499.
drinking
Ducks,
Prentice,
Duels,
at
137,
138.
218.
Duell,
134- 135,
241.
Mr.,
Dufort,
Duke,
286.
297.
3.
Henry,
of Gloucester
Duke
A.,
Dunlap,
of
M. See
Dunnegan,
A,
Dupuis,
Abrm.,
of,
of,
op.
College,
p.
206,
206,
214.
Dunegan.
192.
Company,
William,
473.
457.
606.
Lee,
56.
419.
Dutch
collars,
Dutch
elms,
Dutch
ovens,
242.
606,
623.
218.
189.
G. &
Durfey &
Countess
Earl
Murray,
visitor
226,
604, 605,
570.
Charlotte,
John
211,
601,
M.,
422,
555.
James,
Dunmore,
Durfey,
Street,
Dunnegan),
Dunegan (
686.
684, 685,
College,
454.
See
also
Trees.
214,
538.
of.
Smith,
�INDEX
-
34.
18, 22- 24, 28, 35, 36,
x,
59, 60, 62, 64, 91- 92, 94, 97,
141,
152- b,
137- 133, 139, 140,
236, 237, 267, 277.
iii,
Duties,
and
furs
on
tobacco,
64,
iii,
91- 92,
36,
35,
37,
55,
60- 62,
59,
58,
155,
277.
134- 135, 136, 137- 138,
277.
235, 236,
28, 54, 55, 58, 59,
18, 22, 24,
97, 114, 138, 155- 156, 157, 235,
1,
x,
94,
35,
17,
139,
140,
158,
156,
152- b,
141,
on
236,
viii,
liquors,
on
iii,
skins,
235,
157,
38, 54, 55, 58,
114, 134- 135, 136,
158,
235,
155- 156, 157,
37,
60, 61,
236, 267,
277.
Eagle" ( galley),
Eagle
H.,
Samuel
Early,
94.
Gloucester
Point, "
372.
Earthenware,
183,
East,
Mr.,
444.
William, 472,
Easter,
195- a.
Easter
term,
l
195- a.
41;,
State Hospital,
college
Samuel,
Mr.,
Eddings,
stored
State
in,
William,
3,
4.
393,
402.
of,
University
Edloe,
Mr.,
Henry,
William,
Mr.,
Edwards,
William,
5,
6,
7,
B. &
Eggleston,
H.
Mr.,
Mrs., 218,
427.
8,
Lord
L.,
i.
614.
418, 421,
58, 67.
Francis,
Effingham,
J.
401,
11,
12.
Howard
424, 429,
217.
209,
291.
of,
ii- n,
11,
14,
430.
216.
Joseph,
218.
Eggs,
Electrical
apparatus,
Electrical
Elgar,
machine,
John,
Elizabeth
Ellis,
Elliot,
Fran, g.,
Richard,
301,
insects
See
Emett,
also
Dr.,
81.
183.
295.
William,
trees,
446.
201.
183,
City County,
Ellington,
See also Apparatus.
327.
191,
542.
419,
attack,
Trees.
325.
427,
419.
508.
Hospital.
xiii,
107.
107.
Edinburgh,
Elm
also Eastern
records
674.
Rev.
Ege,
See
576.
Asylum,
Lunatic
Bbon,
201.
474.
Eastern
i
191,
189,
Eastern
Eaves,
555. .
County,
16.
576,
595.
�INDEX
-
Empie,
Rev.
35.
346,
366,
343, 344,
335,
1827- 1836) , xi, 333,
352, 353, 354, 359, 362, 363, 365,
376, 377, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383,
389, 390, 391- 392, 657.
President,
Adam (
347,
348,
351,
367,
370,
371,
386,
388,
385,
of,
365.
family
letter of, 391- 392.
of, 391.
resignation
384,
Endowments,
See
iii,
vii,
and
William
England,
ii,
24, 28, 31,
79, 80, 82,
226- a, 239,
sent
agent
in,
23,
ii,
54,
63- 68,
furniture
and
57- 58.
13,
See
14,
15- 16,
19,
20,
103.
William
also
donations
to;
146,
and Mary
subscriptions
to;
to.
from,
149,
189,
185,
191- 192,
14,
16,
59,
128-
a.
See
also
17,
18,
40,
1,
ii,
74,
201.
124,
125,
184.
College
from,
masters.
52,
73,
78.
Tobacco.
116.
645, 655.
Chancery, xiv,
Dunn,
Thomas
Court
14,
also
57,
56,
55,
from,
See
28.
to,
Grammar
82.
to,
for
workmen
183,
153- 154, 155.
16,
from,
ii, 14,
sent
sent
High
95,
102,
in,
subscriptions
Engravers,
12,
181.
in,
masters
128- b,
tobacco
English
92,
visit,
123, 124.
618, 650.
from,
177- 178,
Randolph
Dr.
Micajah.
611,
from,
students
of
631,
644,
679.
169.
Engravings,
ordered
Entertainments,
from
363.
144,
Church,
316,
Episcopal
rubric,
128,
Francis,
lands,
Escutcheons,
3.
18,
coffin,
See
215.
Insurance
169,
See
238.
John,
74.
216.
317.
128- a.
23,
24.
199.
also
Company.
18,
Thomas,
626.
195- a.
Episcopal
Etchings,
England,
College,
at
Plays.
Concerts;
Evans,
57, 59, 66, 75,
116, 123, 128- a,
Perry,
11,
10,
93,
contributions
schoolmasters
Europe,
also
55,
99,
21,
20,
from,
professors
128- a,
Etna
See
9,
iv,
College
goods ordered
laws of,
17.
Escheated
52,
94,
of.
22,
19,
See Church of England.
to
College,
English,
to
chief
donations
Eppes,
51,
93,
funds
16,
15,
53,
98,
16.
in,
53,
of,
church
Epiphany,
49,
92,
117.
15,
in,
Blair
gifts
12,
94.
Cherokee
Eolina,
84,
578- 579.
to,
bishops
James
11,
90,
for;
endowments
10,
48,
40,
89,
for College
accounts
John
38,
College,
Nary
9,
viii,
Engravings.
See
Aetna.
215.
also
Balls;
Celebrations;
�INDEX
-
36.
660.
Evarts, William M.,
Everard, Mr.,
255.
at College,
vii,
Evergreens,
Ewell,
S.,
Benjamin
xi,
493,
519,
539,
494,
521,
540,
569,
459,
495,
457,
570,
604, 605,
629, 630,
663, 664,
434,
460,
465,
523,
544,
571,
606,
455,
524, 525,
545,
546,
590,
579,
607, 608,
634, 638,
acting bursar,
610,
colonel,
667,
669,
669,
Trees.
also
446,
467, 468,
449,
451,
471,
472,
650,
652,
654,
656,
670,
671,
672,
673.
435,
452, 454,
479, 481, 491, 492,
500,
503, 508, 509= 510, 511, 512, 515,
526, 528, 531, 532, 535, 536, 537, 538,
550, 551, 553,
554, 557, 561, 565, 566,
592, 595,
596, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603,
609, 610, 613, 614, 615, 617, 623, 624.
658,
659,
660,
671.
650.
667,
of buried
family
496, 498,
633,
665,
See
154.
xv,
in
college
509.
cemetery,
446,
500,
592, 670.
of College ( 1848- 49 and 1854- 1888),
xi, 434, 435,
president
449,
491, 493, 496, 503,
511, 515,
521,
525, 528, 531, 532,
523,
535, 537, 545,
546, 551, 557, 565, 566, 579, 596, 599, 601,
603, 605, 609, 615, 623, 624, 629, 630, 634, 638, 650, 656,
658, 660, 663, 669, 671, 672, 673.
letters of,
457, 459, 460, 465,
467, 472, 479, 510, 523,
538,
602, 604, 605, 606, 607, 614, 623, 629, 633.
569,
an
condition
of College by, 1865,
593- 596.
professor,
561,
report
retired
4111
rings
as
bell,
president,
669.
Mrs. Elizabeth
Lizzie,
508.
Rebecca,
507.
Stoddert,
William S.,
508.
Ewell Building, 630.
J.
Ewing,
xv.
507,
See
508.
College
also
190- n.
Galin W.,
Exall, Mr.,
521, 523,
526, 528.
Henry, 531.
Examinations,
at College,
142,
144,
in Great Hall,
14/i
given
how
Hotel.
Hervey, 486.
See
273- 274.
given,
Eye glasses,
148,
238,
Students,
also
285,
266,/ 296,
examinations
190.
F.
Fairbanks &
Fane,
Mr.,
Company,
530.
141.
Francis,
196- a.
Rev.
Farnefold ( Farnifold),
Farley,
Fasting, day
Fauce,
Stephen
Fauntleroy,
4110
of,
79.
See FFouace,
John,
3,
4,
9,
13,
Stephen.
Mr.,
344.
Fauquier, Francis ( Lt. Gov.),
Fauquier" ( ship),
183.
Fauquier County, 201- a.
19,
173-
a,
176.
399.
25,
26.
of.
544,
�INDEX
-
Faxon,
Eben,
37.
527,
525,
528, 535,
568.
551, 562, 563,
xii,
545- 546,
56.
Featherbeds,
Feathers,
Federal
See
544,
591- 592,
594,
598,
Beds.
also
591- 592.
xiii,
and
damage
College
to
xiii,
152-
College,
xiii,
by,
679.
678,
650,
College,
Mary
608,
646.
635- 636,
Fences,
539,
179.
Army,
William
at
538,
537,
See
173,
a,
591- 592,
Fires,
also
186,
183,
594- 595,
646,
598,
1862.
187,
188,
192- b,
324,
325,
355,
365,
376,
377,
379,
380,
381,
436,
437,
438,
441,
444,
595,
666,
615,
626,
440,
631,
633,
634,
459,
638,
472,
640,
586,
643,
668,
321,
673.
413,
591,
423,
654,
664,
594,
Brafferton,
444.
379.
damaged,
destroyed,
591,
old,
Gardens.
also
437.
paling,
192- b.
repairs
to,
of,
value
321,
187,
Pales,
also
423,
Paling.
459.
595.
Palings,
Pales,
also
Fenders,
See
673.
wattle,
See
634.
633,
594,
See
376.
garden,
Holtts,
Mr.
173.
Posts,
Rails.
124.
619.
B.,
Fenton,
F.,
606, 614.
668.
605,
Fenton &
Jones,
Ferguson &
Milhado,
Ferries,
Fiddles,
422,
465.
424,
376.
198,
281.
Fifth
Pennsylvania
Fincastle,
Finch,
Fine
I,
Arts,
Finney,
xiii,
Cavalry,
George,
584,
589,
591,
592,
254,
593,
594,
635.
278.
218.
Lord,
376.
ix,
232,
234,
236,
382, 500.
124, 203, 212,
293,
513,
660.
Professor
John,
of,
397.
Fire
battery, 340.
brick,
448, 454.
Fire
crackers,
Fire
engines,
Fire
Fire
grates,
irons,
163.
Grates.
Fire
ladders,
336,
Fire
See
334,
660.
Fire
pumps,
Firearms,
99,
Fireplaces,
428,
100,
106,
438,
furnishings
Grates;
kitchen,
660.
See
also
Ladders.
Pistols.
Guns,
See also
383, 499.
214, 228,
161,
346, 354, 359, 344, 397,
109, 124,
265,
444.
124.
for,
Pokers;
346,
340,
444.
See
Shovels.
also
Andirons;
Fenders;
Fire irons;
�INDEX
38.
( continued)
fireplaces
444.
laundry,
438.
repaired,
366.
RLmafordized,
Fires
at William
Wren
1705)
and
112,
556,
115,
167,
486, 491,
648- 649.
579,
109- 110,
of,
causes
101,
vi,
114,
149,
557,
113,
137,
133,
552,
84, 97- a.
1704 ( Wren Bldg.),
104, 105- 108, 109, 110, 111,
117, 118, 121, 124, 129, 131,
College,
Mary
Building,
111,
509,
548,
551,
550,
113.
105- 108.
concerning,
letters
Ingles'
concerning,
depositions
Mungo
Gov.
Nott'
traces
letter
s
of
See
1827)
1859)
Buil- ling,
Wren
Building,
533,
527,
529,
593, 650,
579,
newspaper
542,
670,
245,
T.
Washington'
Wren
Building,
620, 626- 627,
516- 518, Ql, 522- 523,
551., 552, 553, 557, 559,
548,
xiii,
633,
594.
591,
concerning,
fran,
594.
fire-
Fuel,
also
192- b,
of,
engines,
Heating.
197.
83.
630.
Fitzhugh,
Daniel,
228.
Fitzewylson,
3, 7.
William H.,
Flagstones,
628.
William,
523.
of, 514.
s account
584, 589, 591, 592, 593, 594, 597,
635- 636, 646, 650, 651, 654, 684.
Flanders, 15.
Flat' s Bay, 189-
a,
n.
310,
338.
340.
ladders.
Firewood, 123,
125, 152- a, 180, 181- a,
198, 209, 301, 310, 324, 346,
410, 464, 510, 512, 515, 630.
Fish,
563,
saved
buckets,
matting
Fireworks,
82,
526,
684.
660.
1879) President' s House,
Fires, precautions against,
334, 336,
See
246, 247, 249, 250,
431, 463, 650, 660.
635- 636.
of,
objects
also
552.
522- 523.
513- 514.
of,
515, 516- 518,
513,
of,
510- 511, 511- 512.
accounts
depositions
See
113- 114.
333- 334, 336.
xii,
510- 515,
accounts
professors
B.
C.
Mrs.
account
111,
meeting concerning,
of damage in,
511,
citizens
estimate
1862)
550,
244,
x,
426,
265, 269, 270,
President' s House.
also
Wren
548,
1859,
House,
s
261,
255,
in
seen
President'
1781)
108- 110,
110.
concerning,
182,
184,
356, 359,
192- b,
398,
196,
399,
400,
197,
409,
565,
�INDEX
-
Floor-
39.
351.
cloths,
Floor
joists, 439.
Flooring, 441, / 444, 445, 492, 493, 495, 502, 604.
Plank.
See also Floors;
Floors, William & Mary College, 230, 396, 422, 423, 437, 438,
586, 599.
512, 585,
439, 440, 459, 492, 494,
Wren Building,
floors
President'
s House,
See also Brafferton;
Florida,
488.
Flour,
232.
Flower
roots,
Floyd,
Gov.
Flue pipes,
B .,
461.
400.
Thudium,
Foering &
Rt.
Foley,
159.
J.
424.
422,
Arthur,
Rev.
Fontaine ( Fontain),
Rev. Francis,
Peter, 162.
42.
162,
Mr.,
vii,
209.
162.
152,
149,
516.
Col. William Winston,
181- a,
181,
Food, for students,
from
279.
England,
See
also
Mr.,
Ford,
216,
201,
217,
218,
219,
201.
Dinners;
Meats;
Meals;
Suppers.
162.
Edward,
W.,
191,
189,
Breakfasts;
191,
189,
162.
161.
186.
161,
Forms,
in
Chapel,
in
Grammar
See
John,
Fort
Monroe,
Fort
Pitt,
Fossick,
Foster,
9,
13,
Seats.
25.
586.
239.
201.
Samuel,
Joseph,
Fothergill,
Rev.
Pews;
21.
Thomas,
Fouace,
186.
School,
Benches;
also
Fornifold,
Forts,
161.
3.
3.
166.
Mr.,
58,
97, 98.
9, 13, 25, 26,
148, 151, 152.
145,
affidavit of, 88, 89.
Mr.,
Stephen,
donation
in
to
England,
rector
of
trustee,
College,
54,
53,
58,
59,
88,
89,
97,
58.
152.
College,
25,
Foundation
53, 54, 59.
53,
54, 144, 145,
205, 206, 274.
148,
151.
Day, 204,
See also Transfer Day.
Foundations,
for
192- a.
students,
See also Scholarships.
Foundations
Founders
of
Fowl Houses,
laid,
College,
472.
See
13,
President'
17.
See
s
Hcuse;
also
Wren Building.
Trustees.
144,
of.
�INDEX
Fox,
Fox
-
40.
Mr.,
152- a.
37.
skins,
Frames,
France,
169.
249, 260,
picture,
10,
24,
bills
of
books
from
See
See
of,
Louis
conferred
letter
of (
Institute,
Franklin
rod,
See
643.
3, 4, 10, 12,
Grammar School.
183.
245,
to College
22,
16,
13,
frigate,
hospital,
247,
246,
250,
17,
24,
30,
41,
269- 270,
officers,
241,
President'
s
See
333.
648,
660.
242,
x,
243,
244,
245,
246,
477,
571,
462.
Modern languages.
also
x,
246,
247,
250,
265,
269.
Fires ( 1781).
also
squadron,
47.
College
Frenchman,
431,
251.
244,
House,
426,
250,
431.
by,
265,
language,
See
249,
Fires ( 1781).
82.
in Wren Building,
also
French
French
405.
395.
French
in
397,
Samuel,
damage
French
429.
423,
2,
Army,
French
418,
201- a.
System,
also
Freeman,
French
269,
405.
397.
350,
349,
County,
Schools,
See
249,
x,
173.
Society, 349, 350,
Fredericksburg,
Free
from,
259- 260.
417,
presented by,
Free School
House
s
468.
for,
room
518.
357,
341,
259- 260.
173,
viii,
on,
1784),
Franklin
Frederick
262,
President'
viii,
degree
books
518.
President' s House.
also
Franklinian
357,
341,
XVI.
rebuilding
Benjamin,
Franklin,
269,
249.
260,
king
also
funds for
262,
from,
exchange
described
by,
184.
82.
John & Company,
Frigates,
189, 191, 201.
183,
152- a, 162.
Joshua, vii, 148, 149, 152,
vii,
149.
grammar master,
Fry,
Fuel,
of mathematics,
professor
171,
177, 180, 181- a, 275,
630,
645,
648,
162.
177,
their own,
provide
171.
their own,
provide
Coal;
Firewood;
Heating.
See
also
Funds for College
Funerals, 198, 199,
Funnels, 468.
41/ 1Furnaces,
See
William
200.
396.
Furnishings,
See
394,
458,
654.
professors
students
352,
337,
Furniture.
and
571.
Mary
College,
funds
for.
426.
�INDEX
-
41.
College,
Mary
William &
Furniture,
115,
206,
118,
123,
212,
382,
388,
215,
399,
528,
640,
535,
537,
558,
645,
649,
650,
burned,
1862,
of,
condition
664,
187,
348,
471,
360,
361,
586,
354,
487,
590,
499,
622,
516,
627,
666,
114,
674.
193,
197- a,
365,
518,
638,
112,
110,
123,
students,
Room,
in Chapel,
in
564,
663,
186,
627.
destroyed,
in Blue
469,
584,
110,
188,
113- 114, 115, 118, 124, 129.
517, 518, 523,
xii,
513- 514, 515,
512,
511,
564- 565.
558, 559,
530, 533, 549, 551, 553,
529,
650.
xiii,
584, 590,
1884, 666.
526,
525,
burned,
184,
344,
255,
440,
439,
vi,
1705,
1859,
burned,
for
163,
124,
246,
64, 76,
xiii,
xii,
516,
487,
469,
360,
354,
See
361.
518.
Portraits.
also
365.
in Grammar
See
499.
classrooms,
186,
school,
kitchen,
in
lecture
rooms.
187,
124, 187, 439, 440.
344, 354, 499, 512, 537.
388, 399, 471, 622.
rooms,
in
library,
348,
in
President'
in
professors '
in
students'
in
usher'
74,
House,
See
255.
184,
rooms,
also
President'
s House.
215.
for
See
rooms,
students;
Students,
rooms
of.
163.
rooms,
s
lecture
188.
123,
in
s
in
also
of, 528,
535.
purchase
table,
193, 197- a.
See
664.
of,
value
Bookcases;
Fire
Skins,
Furs &
Tables.
duty
157,
in
Wren
on,
236,
235,
Gallery,
Pews;
Grates;
Forms;
irons;
Stoves;
iii,
Desks;
Chests;
Chairs;
36,
35,
Benches;
Bedsteads;
Bureaus;
Bookshelves;
Books;
Candlesticks;
Beds;
Apparatus;
Andirons;
also:
Candles;
Dressers;
Portraits;
Fenders;
Seats;
38 40, 54,
37,/ 5'S, 58, 59- 60,
62,
155,
237,, 277.
109.
105,
Building,
Dr.,
Galt,
427.
379.
D.,
393.
Dickie,
398.
Mr.,
Dr.
577.
293.
Gamble,
Lucy,
Gambling, by
See
Gaming,
472.
159, 208,
houses,
Garden
seeds,
212,
at
212,
William
and
242.
of,
Mary
College,
144,
337,
234- a, 258, 320, 334,
320, 334, 337, 340, 359,
161,
197, 208.
221,
President,
seeds
384.
212.
listed,
salary
370,
341.
Gambling.
Garden
for
170- b,
259.
Mr.,
Gardeners,
266,
students,
against,
rules
Gant,
576.
M.,
John
Fund,
Galt
listed
by,
212.
159,
340,
376,
161,
341,
393.
175,
359,
197,
208,
376,
393.
�INDEX
-
42.
324,
88, 98, 131, 145,
vii, 69,
and Mary College,
212,
226- a, 233, 234- a,
154, 159, 187, 188, 209,
301, 302- a, 320,
247, 251, 258, 264, 399m, 279, 297,
326, 340, 341, 356, 357, 367, 376, 379, 380, 398, 434,
437,
445,
Gardens,
William
150,
149,
241 ,
barn
264.
379.
376,
of,
fence
See
Palings.
Pales;
Fences;
also
458.
for Brafferton,
98.
for
masters,
for
President,
for,
paling
parapet
H.,
356.
Building,
Garret
of.
208.
187,
187.
21.
William &
posts,
College,
Mary
586.
440,
586.
stone,
Gates,
324,
a,
591.
M.,
Garrisons,
302-
a,
208.
186,
of,
room
R.
Wren
See
186,
Margaret,
housekeeper,
Dr.
234-
612.
Dr.,
Mrs.
233,
a,
314.
Building
Wren
Garrett,
226-
212,
vii,
William
Garret,
vegetable.
247.
near,
vegetable,
Garland,
320, 337, 340, 434, 509.
Gardens,
See
also
226- a, 233, 234- a.
188,
297,
379, 398, 437, 445.
187,
vii,
kitchen,
Gate
609.
509,
251.
adjoining,
in, 258,
drain
458,
471,
381,
371,
359,
355,
453,
front,
468, 529.
306, 384.
440, 442.
hinges
for,
large,
288, 306,
321,
107,
123, 125,
105,
383, 384, 407, 436, 437, 440, 442, 447,
College,
Mary
William &
383.
broken,
lock
yard,
Gatewood,
Geese,
General
355.
on,
288,
to,
repairs
south,
447.
321.
355.
381.
Mr.,
479.
218.
Assembly
6,
ii,
8,
9,
10,
iii,
11,
of Virginia,
7,
12- 14,
vi,
v,
16,
viii,
17,
xi,
18,
21,
xv,
1,
3,
23, 24,
76, 77,
4, 5,
36, 37, 50, 55, 59, 65, 73, 74,
25,
31, 34, 35,
86, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 106, 108, 111, 126- 127,
80,
84,
141,
149, 152- b, 155- 158, 166, 180, 204,
140,
139,
134- 136,
318, 337, 354, 355,
236, 257- a, 277, 317,
228,
232,
235,
225,
679.
409, 425, 518, 553,
400,
xi, xv,
viii,
3, 35, 36, 37, 50,
iii, v,
of mentioned,
acts
228,
136, 139, 140, 141, 152- b, 155- 158,
126- 127,
134232,
235,
236,
257-
amending
act
amending
charter,
act
ascertaining
act
the
679.
prepared 1779) ,
1887,
679.
267,
a,
charter
(
place
for
the
232,
234-
a -
College ( 1693) ,
237.
iii,
35,
act directing building of Capitol and City of Williamsburg,
v,
70,
71.
36.
�INDEX
-
43.
continued)
Assembly of Virginia (
act directing sale of
General
act
257- a.
public lands ( 1784) , xi,
xv,
663,
school at College,
normal
a
establishing
672,
679.
act
126- 127.
scholarships,
establishing
of College ( 1734) ,
support
for better
act
for
act
act
act
transferring
to
by,
address
16,
xi.
of Virginia,
State
ii,
1,
by,
Queen,
and
6,
204.
of,
5,
7,
xv.
12,
10- 11,
9,
College
See
of,
records
xi,
iii, viii,
by,
William &
Duties;
also
8- 9,
by,
recommended
College
granted
277.
345,
337,
318,
317,
232,
225,
by,
in
158,
Apparatus.
also
234-
679.
237,
a -
34.
13,
xv,
Mary
See
17.
156,
College,
also
236,
180,
funds
12- 14,
Blair,
17.
Building ( 1700- 1704) , vi, 68- 69, 73,
81,
76- 80,
84, 86, 87, 90, 95, 97, 100, 106, 111;
166. rfl
viii,
1747- 1752)
87, 108.
of in Capitol,
meetings
of
instructions
of
meetings
of.
James
to
74,
Wren
at
409.
given College by ( 1840) ,
17- 18, 24- 25.
of for College,
proposals
aid
no
76,
of,
records
86,
84,
77,
97,
76- 77,
College,
to
removed
101.
84,
101.
granted College by, See Duties.
scholarships
granted by, 126- 127, 235.
of College considered
site
by, iii, 6- 9, 35,
revenues
General
Court,
See
Congress,
General
224.
vi, 73,
86,
84,
74,
Congress,
also
meetings
of
at
College,
vi,
meetings
of
in Capitol,
73,
36.
Continental.
97, 99, 108,
74, 89, 97.
89,
122,
236.
86.
Geological
Richmond,
Room,
Court
General
I (
George
II,
III,
136,
137,
141,
152- b,
158,
653.
151,
George
135,
England) ,
of
king
324.
431.
specimens,
George
gift
653.
579,
181,
427, 653.
presented by, 653.
books
to
College,
picture
Georgia,
592.
568.
books,
German
Samuel,
Sir
Gerrard,
7,
Ghischn
Gifts
290.
Mr.,
Geradin,
to
427.
181.
of,
John
donations
to;
149.
D.,
and
William
553.
Mary
gifts
318.
Gigs,
Gilder
family,
Giles,
Thomas
William
B.,
676.
P.,
368.
353.
355,
11.
7,
for
founders
entered
See
Books.
also
considered
College
5,
156,
by,
See
553.
charter
for
charter
clerks
518,
425,
in
College
to
presented
changes
to College
presented
400,
funds
to
235.
apparatus
books
Richmond,
College
King
not
228.
regulating militia,
to
removing capital
act
155- 158.
donations ( 1696 -
of
payment
facilitating
passed) , 50.
viii,
College
to;
See
subscriptions
William &
to.
Mary College
Charter.
�INDEX
-
44.
Gilliam,
Mr.,
555.
570.
F.,
William
Mrs.
168.
Gilmer,
170.
George,
Dr.
Thomas
Gin
670.
Coil,
Daniel
Dr.,
Gilman,
Walker,
twists,
286.
409.
97- a, 439.
291,
200,
125,
Girders,
Glass,
308, 311,
535,
200.
duty
on,
from
England,
201.
191,
189,
334.
doors,
folding
sash,
305,
614.
546,
in
300,
298,
294,
293,
125.
147, 219, 242, 297, 299, 301, 318, 332, 334,
125,
337, 343, 347, 354, 362, 363, 369- 370, 378, 397, 398,
666, 672, 674.
399, 410, 415, 436, 449, 465, 601, 663,
window,
cases,
Glass
219.
by hail,
427.
665.
broken
Glass
cutter,
Glasses, 163.
Glaziers, 198.
332.
263,
211,
Glazing,
332.
s
House,
a,
at President'
297, 419, 422.
6, 33, 224, 446,
263,
Glebe land,
134.
189123,
Globes,
Gloucester
180,
Gloves,
for
considered
in
land
Glue,
County,
496,
of
site
522.
6,
college,
33.
360.
452.
267.
Goal,
Godolphin,
23.
Goldsmith,
Mr.,
417.
William,
151,
173217.
family,
Mrs.,
Gooch,
see
Rutherfoord,
Gordon,
W.
A.
201.
Lord
Governors
opp.
683,
R.,
Adam,
LatinNerses
p.
162.
684, 685.
185.
of Virginia,
entertainments
Lady Rebecca..
175.
174,
a -
191.
Good Intent" ( ship),
Joseph,
189, 191,
656, 659.
John,
Goode,
Dr.
220- n.
164.
Goodchild,
Goodwin,
210,
151.
1L5,
of,
wife
175,
151.
151,
145,
174,
154.
Chapel,
of
college,
of,
of,
son
486.
486.
168,
164,
154,
opening
criticizes
letters
220,
210.
145,
attends
210,
175,
220,
173- a 210,
of to college,
gifts
will of,
Good,
174,
168,
Rebecca,
Lady
Gooch,
158-
given
presented
a,
by,
to,
167,
180,
184.
184.
29,
158-
a.
See
also
Latinierses.
�INDEX
-
45.
Governors
of
Virginia (
continued)
180
visit,
students
Governors of William and Mary College
Governor' s Palace,
See
Palace.
Governor' d pew ( church),
200.
Gowns, academic,
See
166, 184, 200.
See
Rev.
Richard,
Professor
Samuel, 247.
Grammar Masters,
William
48,
39,
111,
10,
14?,
253,
277,
advance
to ( 1693),
barring
out
complaints
4110-
of
of,
of,
roams
192- b.
170.
See Barring
See
iv,
1,
out of Masters.
174- 176.
38, 128- b.
14, 16,
194, 195.
98.
of,
salary
a,
Grammar
a15 o
55- n,
14,
School,
138.
apartments
for masters
64,
58,
141- 142.
Grammar School;
Humanity Professor.
School, William & Mary College,
ii, iv, v,
statutes
See
488.
and
concerning,
England,
marriage
183-
Dress.
337,
n,
114,
148,
218,
175,
336,
iv, vii, 1,
14, 16, 38,
Mary College,
57, 58, 64, 70, 74, 85, 91- 92, 103, 105,
121,
,
123, 128, 128- a, 128- b, 129, 138,
162,
149, 151,
174, 175, 176, 189- a, 194- 195,
296, 621, 624.
38.
55-
54,
110,
from
170,
a,
111,
175- 176.
of,
removal
168-
of Mathematics,
Academic
also
Graduates,
William & Mary College,
25, 78,
Graduations,
gm Commencement exBrcises.
Graham,
Visitors.
concerning,
also
Grammar
xiii,
1,
9,
10,
11,
vi,
ix,
x,
16, 17, 30, 31, 41, 48,
49, 54, 59, 60, 64, 69, 70, 74, 86, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94,
110,
95, 96, 97- a, 98, 103,
112,
113,
114, 116, 121,
122,
14 4,
124, 129, 130- 131, 134, 141- 142,
148, 149,
151,
162, 163, 173, 173- a, 174, 176, 186,
187, 188, 189- a,
193, 194, 195- a, 197- a, 204, 220, 223, 224, 226- a, 236,
238, 254, 259, 267,
277, 278, 285, 289, 322, 323,
326,
327, 333, 339, 352, 356, 357, 374, 375, 384, 387, 401, 405.
567, 596, 600, 603, 607, 608, 612, 613, 615, 617, 620,
549,
621, 624, 625, 627, 628, 629, 631, 638, 640, 649, 658, 663.
abolished,
ix, 232,
236, 238, 254, 278,
296.
233,
xiv,
dress
academic
by
addresses
for
apartments
388.
barring
out
books used
box
in,
in,
of
70.
110,
see
"
114,
149,
175,
176,
177,
Barring out" of masters.
141- 142.
187.
doors
of,
forms
in,
furniture
holidays
69,
98,
in,
masters
a,
231.
See
discontinued
11)
of,
in ( 1727),
14,
200.
in,
masters
of, 97chimney
desks in, 187.
4
173,
scholars
13,
abolished.
90, 94,- 95,
186.
in,
in,
11. 3,
142,
96,
115,
220.
97,
186,
100,
187,
113.
188.
See
also
Furniture.
184,
of.
�INDEX
46.
-
School ( continued)
Grammar
of
hours
See
48.
for,
house
Brafferton,
in
in Wren
Schoolhouse
also
vi- vii,
v,
99,
49,
85, 90- 91, 93,
113, 114, 129,
74,
110,
101,
100,
for.
673.
625,
259,
xiv,
Building,
97- a, 98,
97,
286.
attendance,
94,
95,
96,
206,
opp.
549.
in,
instructor
in,
maps
567.
for,
See
rules
x,
See
357.
172,
224,
academic
in,
101,
231,
378,
177,
173,
110,
323,
113,
326.
129,
149,
549.
192- b,
185,
193,
195-
a,
xiii,
roans
v,
xiv,
638,
640.
also
in
subjects
taught
142,
143- 144.
scholars in.
141- 142, 197- a, 236.
in,
195-
144,
fund
286,
a,
352.
Ushers.
Seg
for,
xiv.
193.
in,
in,
91.
School,
Matty
and
613, 615, 617, 625, 627, 628,
Grammar and Matty School.
141-
See
trust
whippings
See
116.
188.
students
Whaley
110,
for ( 1870)
concerning,
in
56
new,
186,
ushers
615;
146.
48,
iv,
statutes
of,
also
L( 1869)
for,
school- house,
629, 631,
in,
See
643.
school- house
windows
xiv,
643- 644.
242.
Granary,
82.
Grandstands,
603,
Granite,
604.
226- a.
97-
a,
450,
161,
230,
328,
Brafferton,
at
President'
at
Wren
iron,
184,
265,
328,
377,
443,
447,
407, 443..
184, 265, 272,
377,
443,
674.
269,
272,
377.
674.
at
carbon,
197- a,
statutes , concerning.
of.
Students, expenses
180; ( 1777) 226- a;
1762)
85; ( 1729) 148; (
1808) 292; ( 1826) 327; ( 1827) 333;
608;/( 1870) 624; ( 1872) 637; ( 1873) 640;
given to, 145of, 109,
209.
prizes
1110
322,
173.
278; (
600,
277,
1795)
1865)
1874)
Grates,
171,
277.
177,
of ( 1702)
number
Grass,
283,
100,
97,
also
for,
dress
expenses
Grammar
282,
48, 49, 54, 59, 74, 91, 94, 95, 96, 103, 105, 109, 110,
148, 170- b, 171,
146,
128, 129, 130, 1/, 1- 142, 143- 144, 145,
a,
216, 219,
173, 173- a, 177, 180, 192- b, 195, 197233, 254, 259, 277, 278, 323, 327, 649, 658, 668.
117,
terms
Writing Masters.
in,
scholars
seats
96,
74,
170- b,
concerning,
206,
193.
277, 278,
186, op. 206, 224,
in Wren Building.
also
Ushers;
Masters;
192,
vii,
v,
176,
175,
Grammar
See
punishments in,
re- established,
rooms
187.
113.
of
masters
186,
in,
repairs
s
House,
Building,
448.
328.
97-
230,
a,
263,
161,
448,
�INDEX
-
Gravel
walks,
47.
1111
Mr.,
William,
499.
306.
303,
218.
Mrs.,
226- a.
192- b,
Captain,
Graves,
297.
William
F.,
William
P.,
542.
300, 301, 303,
305, 308, 310,
312.
Rev. Samuel,
25, 26, 102.
Gray,
Great Hall," Wren Building, iv, v, vii, 68, 76, 80,
97-
98,
a,
100,
218,
arch
and
arch
over
trimmer
of,
door
of,
meet
burgesses
in,
in,
celebrations
108,
85,
109,
87,
110,
97,
113,
272.
264.
See General
meetings
Assembly,
of.
220.
204,
in,
held
102.
chimney
of,
chimney
concert
over,
in,
170.
dancing
in,
102.
descriptions
of,
97- a.
186,
of,
doors
272.
131,
gallery
Grammar
in,
144.
William III
oration
268,
in,
in,
181-
op.
to, 272.
for,
steps
glass
to, 264.
uses
of (
278,
Green,
A.
Mr.,
W.,
Jobe,
Ralph,
13,
185,
193,
549.
216,
See
217,
218,
also
219,
Clergy,
275.
meetings
See
also
Repairs,
William &
Mary College.
188.
31,
See
59,
also
141- 1/, 2,
149, 153,
Grammar School.
236,
253,
254,
277,
425.
484- 485.
6,
Jr.,
Mr.
289.
of.
220.
531,
532, 533,
534,
542, 544- 545, 546,
539,
547,
563, 568.
Hill," Williamsburg,
291.
Greenhow,
School.
97.
in,
33.
Thomas, 413, 114.
Green & Allen,
contractors,
Green
Grammar
also
133.
171,
332.
125.
17,
603.
33,
288.
a,
in
1704),
ca.
round,
Greek taught,
131,
85, 98, 204,
113- 114.
206.
p.
in,
pictures
plan of,
See
549.
clergy
orations
windows,
98.
549.
171,
of
repairs
85,
in,
272.
mentions,
over,
meetings
sash
in,
school
library
meals
for
109.
in,
Jones
Hugh
166.
in,
in,
funeral
hearth
154.
188, 264.
entertainments
examinations
4111
106,
119,
171,
4110
105,
n.,
131,
125,
129,
133, 144, 149, 154, 166, 170,
181- a, 185,
186,
188, 193,
206, 216, 217,
204, op.
272,
219, 220,
264, 268,
275, 332, 343,
549, 649.
114,
chapel
102 &
535,
536,
537,
538,
�INDEX
48.
Greenhow ( continued)
George,
298, 299.
John, 256, 263.
Samuel,
293.
28.
6,
land,
Greenland,
Green'
s
33.
Co.,
James City
Greenspring;
411.
Gregory, John M.,
Grep, John, 542.
Gresham,
Mr.,
358,
366,
359,
116,
52,
240.
377.
Joseph,
369.
Charles,
Griffin,
James L.
R.,
606.
147.
C.,
532,
555.
S. S.,
532,
555.
Griffin & Millington,
429.
Griffith,
M.,
Cornelia
Mrs.
John
541.
Hugh Blair,
Grigsby,
550,
of,
Grigsby Library
G.,
J.
Griswold,
500,
504- n,
493,
570,
565,
560,
569,
552,
560.
book by,
portrait
530.
Fund,
569,
510.
England,
from
Groceries,
John,
101.
Grymes,
Gun,
James,
Gunpowder,
Guns,
445.
W.,
424.
73, 90,
99, 100,
field,
577.
Guthrie,
Mr.,
520,
592,
521,
600.
524,
530,
400,
454,
572,
644, 674.
205,
214,
538,
191,
100,
201.
101.
214.
See
392,
396,
James,
573,
570.
189,
91, . 99,
96,
519,
Firearms.
also
401.
399.
277- 278.
William & Mary
William,
Gutters,
College,
109,
187,
644.
inside,
lead,
109.
College
on
on
Q1
644.
Hotel,
President' s House,
400.
Wren Building, 109,
187,
572,
454 [?],
400.
tin,
499.
Guy, George W.,
Gwatkin,
Rev. Thomas ( Professor),
196-
a,
218.
of,
room
214.
Robert,
Gyfford,
Gymnasium,
482,
201.
574,
681.
H.
201.
Haberdashery,
Habit,
166.
Hackaday,
Hadley,
674.
187.
repaired,
See also Academic
John,
Mr.
advance
surveyor
Thomas,
to,
of
dress.
290.
51,
57.
College
67,
68.
building, 67,
68.
55-
n,
57,
201-
a,
203,
216,
�INDEX
49.
111/
Hail
219.
265, 268,
178.
powder,
storms,
Hair,
Hair
Haliburton'
C.,
Hall,
s
302.
Great
685. .
See
549.
society,
See also
Society;
Phoenix Society.
166.
Mr.,
109.
502.
Mr.,
William,
Philamathean
also
Passages.
Corridors;
Captain,
Hamilton,
Building.
685.
549.
entrance,
Hambleton,
Wren
585,
549,
499,
Building,
central,
Hamar,
Great Hall,
See
Wren
Halls,
417.
stones,
350.
Frederick,
Hall,
493.
264,
429.
R.,
Hampden,
23.
Sydney College,
Hampden-
658.
285,
Va.,
Hampton,
577.
Court, 78.
Hampton
Mr.,
Hanbury,
C. &
0.,
177.
169,
189.
Osgood,
185,
183,
Capel &
Osgood &
191- 192.
201.
Company,
Hanbury" ( ship), 201.
Hanbury & West, 192.
William,
Hankins,
Hanover
County,
Hanover
Town,
294.
240.
C,
Hansford,
C.
Hardrick,
William,
Hardware,
500,
Hardy,
Hardy &
Hare,
570.
3.
664, 665,
614,
668.
495,
502,
197.
Richard,
493, 494,
323.
307,
Bros.,
Dr.,
See
538.
Mr.
Harold,
611,
Bros.,
546.
535,
161.
King,
Harmer &
Harper
588.
567,
650.
618,
615,
Mr.,
Harrell ( Harrel),
Harrell.
also
581,
594.
113,
114,
Moses R.,
Harris,
497.
414, 415.
218.
Mr.,
70, 99,
Mr.,
Mrs.,
Harrison,
of,
house
Benjamin,
College,
i,
104;
councillor,
Jr.,
Benjamin,
56,
Robert,
Sarah,
i.
William
B.,
13,
50,
19,
proposed by,
by,
26.
survey
College,
of
visitor
8,
7,
488.
history
5;
burgess,
113.
6,
5,
3,
113,
104,
508.
99.
in
lodged
507,
25,
25,
93.
also
485,
5
20.
Blair,
Mrs.
53,
54,
58,
93,
113;
58;
57.
See
50,
James.
trustee,
13,
25,
50,
53- 54;
�INDEX
-
Harrow
an
50.
4111
the
Hill,
255.
Dr.,
587.
5, 6,
7,
Hartwell,
Henry,
3,
State
of College,
of College,
trustee
visitor
Va.,
Hartwood,
Harvard
138,
t
s
charity to,
Edwin J.,
290.
Boyle
26,
25,
24,
25.
13,
26.
435,
425,
138.
484,
293.
240,
230,
213, 227,
268- 269,
264- 265, 266, 267,
bricklayer,
200,
213.
William, 259,
269.
200,
Humphrey,
Mr.,
Haskins,
Hats,
192- b,
Walker,
184.
308.
Mr.,
Hayward,
Bartlett &
41.
Hazard,
Hearne,
Thomas,
Hearse,
ornaments
97-
268,
428, 458.
468,
469,
554,
576.
272,
438,
443.
Grates;
taught,
Mr.,
also
Andirons;
281.
See
Coal;
Fireplaces;
also
Divinity
Languages.
292.
289,
See
Stoves.
236,
1/ 14,
153,
142,
13,
Oriental
School;
454,
200.
265,
Fuel;
275,
James,
to,
231,
434.
310,
Firewood;
450,
112.
a,
James,
Company,
226- a.
Ebenezer,
Henderson,
158.
184.
James,
Hebrew
263,
327.
Haymond,
Heating,
258- 259,
272.
201.
183,
Edward,
Stephen,
Heath,
256,
270- 271,
629.
Dr.,
Hearths,
252,
211.
201,
House" ( play),
Haunted
Hawtrey,
Hay,
670.
589,
178.
England,
from
Hawes,
Hawks,
491,
345.
176, 447.
83, 178, 183,
bays',
The
59- 60
Benjamin,
Harwood,
Hasps,
38,
29,
59- 60.
by,
542.
University,
Harvey,
13,
of Virginia
Present
1
8,
290.
428.
Henley, Cap j. 427,
428.
397.
Dr.,
Mr.,
John,
R.,
Rev.
384.
295.
Samuel ( Professor),
205,
207,
214,
215,
216,
218,
255,
260- 262.
books
burned,
of
215,
of in
sketch
Henley &
of mentioned,
W.,
William
Henrico,
university
Henrico
County,
See
614.
Morris,
Hennings,
i,
255,
261- 262.
215- 216.
Revolution ( 1775),
losses
310.
at,
65,
i.
134.
255,
also
See
260.
Morris &
Henley.
also books
of.
�INDEX
-
Henry,
Prof.
51.
Joseph,
433.
Patrick,
372.
Andrew, 684.
Hepburn,
Hickory
Hicks,
wood,
310.
Robert,
74.
144, 195- a.
Colonel,
58, 105, 109, 110: 113.
109,
lodging in College ( 1705),
Term,
Hilary
Hill,
Mr .,
105.
Edward, 3,
G.
29, 52, 105.
College,
105.
in
B.,
301, 308.
300,
305,
344,
butt,
452, 453.
Hinges,
447.
gate,
hook and eye,
437,
iii,
646,
John,
56,
57.
Terms
also
College,
142,
144,
195 -
195- a.
95.
269,
563.
573, 574, 575,
Mr.,
John,
Professor,
430,
3.,
Holms,
C.
542.
409.
288.
Rowland,
Thomas,
173.
J.,
F.
Holthaus,
System,
452.
ix.
166.
academic,
William,
Hooper,
451.
4J4,
447,
454.
Susanna,
107.
Hooker,
Hooks,
433.
461.
258.
4.,
Ned,
Hoods,
602.
431,
of,
letters
Hope,
Mary
at College.
John,
Holloway,
Holmes,
Hop
586,
William &
at
Holidays,
Honor
454.
293.
70.
Hogsheads,
Holt,
452, 453,
651.
F.,
John,
Hockaday,
See
55- n.
587.
e47,
631.
Mr.,
George
Hodges,
439,
453.
John ( pirate),
Hitchcock,
Dr. Alfred,
Hinson,
Hoar,
113.
7,
5,
lodging
110,
vines,
J.
H.,
419.
544.
F. (
Hopkins,
W.
Hornsby,
Mr.,
William,
Horrocks,
Rev.
cap
of,
and
459.
281.
263.
James,
books
446,
Prof.),
280,
183-
gown
viii,
c,
of,
181,
183-
c,
185,
191,
192,
200,
203.
207.
200.
203.
commissary,
of, viii.
death
estate
of,
president
to
go
to
207.
of
College ( 1764- 1771),
England,
viii,
203.
viii,
185,
192,
200.
�INDEX
-
52.
Horsemen,
81.
Horses,
56, 57,
81,
83, 106, 107, 163, 170- b, 192- b,
367, 368, 383- 384, 436, 437, 441 .
cart,
56, 321, 436- 437.
hired,
57, 321, 436, 437, A41.
215,
230,
321,
in
367- 368,
building,
college
of Robin
barter,
383- 384.
230.
of governor,
83.
of professors,
163,
of usher,
163.
215.
170- b.
race,
106,
riding,
107,
against
rules
Horsewhips,
163,
230.
215,
students'
170-
owning,
b,
192- b,
230.
193.
Hose,
from England,
201.
183,
at Flat' s Bay, 189- a.
Hospitals,
in Palace, ( proposed)
224, 226, 246.
in Wren Building ( proposed),
222, 223,
lunatic,
Wren
See
427.
Building
used
226.
224,
Eastern State Hospital.
also
1781- 1782) x, 242,
243,
269- 270, 462.
description
of by Dr. Tilton,
245.
1861- 1862) xiii,
581,
582, 583, 584, 585,
589,
594.
Hotels,
See also
427, 428.
City Hotel.
House of Burgesses
See
Burgesses,
House of.
House of Delegates ,
315.
247,
Housekeepers
348,
250,
at
as
College,
171,
175,
216- 219,
89,
227,
for
man
complaints
against,
duties
96-
93,
180- 181-
179,
225,
advertisement
(
244,
245,
246,
586,
587,
588,
265,
97,
a,
103,
105, 114, 122, 133,
186, 187,
208, 209,
193,
231.
as
(
1763),
181- a.
216- 219.
148.
of,
instructions to, 181- 181- a.
roams
of, 186,
187, 216,
217,
218,
227,
231.
See also Stewards.
Houses,
belonging
to
523,
526,
527,
530,
531,
608,
664.
steward,
460,
467.
built
for
destroyed,
Gov.
257-
534,
See
2 51,
547,
548,
also
Steward'
s House.
442.
to,
occupies,
94, 99.
569.
purchased f or
54'7, 548.
college,
523,
526,
527,
530,
for,
443.
underpinning
in, 257- a.
vested
See
442, 443,
591,
599, 600,
a,
251.
Nicholson
repairs
221,
533,
98.
masters,
moved,
94, 99,
591.
of,
disposed
for
College,
also
College
Hotel;
Steward'
s
House.
531,
533,
534,
�4111
INDEX
-
53.
in Williamsburg
Houses,
105, 108.
country' s,
College,
near
363.
Millington,
Dr.
of
for
rented
from
John,
Houston,
Howe,
256,
Mason'
Mrs.
289,
266,
270.
534.
estate,
s
293.
See
of Effingham,
Howard
389.
President,
rented
Effingham.
425.
Henry,
Howell &
Bros.,
456.
Howison,
Robert
R.,
Hubard,
Hughes,
James,
147.
630,
M.,
Robert
Mr.,
Huletts,
367.
also
Grammar
Dr.,
Humphrey,
681.
678,
647,
646,
Professor
Humanity,
See
435- 436.
670.
Dr.,
of, 70, 151,
Master.
218,
238,
331,
282,
335,
356.
352,
165.
401.
468, 474,
Mr.,
Hunt,
E.,
101.
George,
Son,
M. &
Henry
Huntington,
Mr.,
E.,
E.
420.
422.
Son,
Uriah &
Hurt,
196- a.
Son,
Edward &
E.,
Library,
opp.
206.
471.
424,
448.
H.,
Edward,
Edwin
429, 433.
451, 455.
H.,
442- 4 4 .
Hydrostatic
Press,
446.
I.
Ice,
Ice
310.
houses,
601.
479,
College,
Williamsburg,
83.
Indian
Company,
Indian
Indian
Master,
160.
122.
Massacre,
in
Illuminations
at
133,
1622,
i.
William &
134,
143,
Mary College, vii, 120, 122, 123,
153, 163, 177, 185, 233, 236,
150,
130,
237,
131,
253- 254,
649.
accounts
of,
salary of,
Indian School,
Indian
School,
185.
177.
Christanna,
at
William &
Indian
also
School,
at William &
Mary.
122.
Mary
College,
iv,
v},
vii,
x,
123,
124,
226- a,
222,
212,
153, 154, 163, 177, 184, 211,
125, 134,
236, 237, 253, 254, 257, 277, 516.
233,
154, 155.
123, 124, 153,
books for, £,
61- 62, 74, 75, 120, 121, 122, 129,
x,
iv, vii,
for,
Boyle' s legacy
155, 185, 211, 236, 253, 277,
147, 149- 150, 153,
134, 138, 143,
150,
1110
See
at
331.
�INDEX
-
Indian
School,
54.
William &
at
firewood
for,
ink
123,
for,
master
Indian
See
Master.
123.
124, 125,
74- 75, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123,
150,
136, 137, 147,
153, 154,
131,
133, 134,
built
in,
62,
in,
scholars
226- a.
153,
184.
124.
of,
partition
150,
134,
133,
131,
vii,
building erected for,
See also Brafferton.
continued)
College (
Mary
129- 130,
165, 302-
331.
a,
62,
134.
200.
153,
for,
board ( table)
in town,
211.
150,
153,
clothing for, 62,
257,
302- a.
de s cripti ors of, 147,
boarded
1765)
172; (
212; (
1774)
for,
quills
board
attend
chief
of,
conversion
of
schoolmaster
trade
with,
81,
vi,
1702),
81,
also
Indian
School,
for.
82
William &
See
121.
120,
also
Diary College.
257,
147,
on,
scholars in.
236.
149- 150,
31, 125, 147,
25, 31, 62, 119,
School,
302- a.
302- a.
22.
feared,
by
of at
queens
4,
education
interpreters,
invasion
25,
4,
iv,
of,
Indian
effect
See
74- 75.
of,
education
143.
181.
Cherokees,
of
331.
150.
123,
74- 75,
Williamsburg (
in
celebration
children
1786)
ca.
144, 195- a.
82, 331.
of,
81,
78,
222; (
236.
153,
143,
302- a.
147, 257,
board ( table)
See also
in,
200.
of,
success
terms
123; ( 1754) viii,
205; ( 1773) 209;
1716)
1772)
taught
subjects
Indians,
121; (
124.
123,
concerning,
in,
statutes
153.
1713)
185; ( 1771) 200; (
1775) 214; ( 1776)
College for,
in
table
150,
120; (
of ( 1712)
number
roams
62,
for,
medicines
Williamsburg, 82.
See also Indian Masters
147.
for,
74.
war
with,
147.
See
also
Cherokee
William &
Infirmary,
179,
205,
209,
209.
57, 58,
Mungo,
85, 91,
128- b.
70,
92,
93,
98,
100,
113- 114, 128,
criticized by, 91- 92, 93, 98.
128- b.
of mentioned,
death
master,
57, 58, 85, 92, 93, 100, 128,
grammar
111,
Pres.
at
103,
108- 110,
of,
resignation
of
in
128- b.
105.
college,
105.
college,
letters
roans
Indians.
681.
Blair
housekeeper
left
678,
of,
location
Ingles,
College,
Mary
Saponi
Indians,
179.
for,
furnishings
Chickahominy
Indians,
103„
as
108- 110,
grammar
college,
111,
master,
113- 114.
93, 98,
92,
103,
105.
98.
I
�INDEX
55.
-
S
Mungo
Ingles,
salary
58.
98,
106.
of,
servants
Mr.,
Inggram,
continued)
(
of,
213.
351.
Ink,
powder,
Inkstands,
371.
Elizabeth,
Innis,
168- a.
124,
123,
Ink
216,
445.
James,
John,
283.
283.
82.
Inns,
190- 191,
162,
Instruments,
162 &
mathematical,
239.
204,
n.
204.
190- 191.
philosophical,
scientific,
Apparatus.
also
1461,
See
Insurance,
291,
College,
en
311,
402,
446, / 510,
592,
600,
602,
610,
530, 548, 582,
Integrity" ( ship), 145.
10,
Ireland,
Blair
351.
229,
447.
bar,
Iran,
old,
Iron
flue
178,
Irons,
400.
301.
pipes,
201,
Ironmongery,
328.
161,
Ironware,
See
427.
Irvine,
Irving,
Robert
Izard,
K.,
accounts.
Blacksmiths'
146,
See
152.
also
Irwin.
372.
See
149.
vii,
Alexander,
201.
alpo
Professor),
Alexander, (
Irwin,
191,
189,
183,
211,
Ironwork,
529,
15.
in ( 1691),
lands
518,
82.
24,
15,
514,
665.
also
Irvine.
270.
Mr.,
J.
Christopher,
Jackson,
Jacob,
Jail,
122,
master,
123.
Z.,
319.
556.
438, 439.
I ( king of
267,
Jambs,
James
James,
Mr.,
421,
Jo.,
James
98.
478.
464,
427,
425,
450,
451.
297.
T.,
423,
429
City ( Jamestown),
Council
at,
52,
73,
430,
2,
461,
433,
29, 52,
4,
464,
71,
465.
76,
73,
bounds
77.
76.
Assembly removed from, 76, 77.
68, 70, 73, 81,
City County, 34, 39, 49,
a,
405.
257369,
228, 253,
records
James
83,
407.
John,
John
20,
436- 440.
T.,
James
18,
England),
445,
T.,
J.
411/
125.
125.
housekeeper,
Indian
123,
122,
of
of,
194.
149,
150,
194,
�INDEX
56.
-
James
continued)
City County (
in,
land
college
257-
150,
149,
See
a.
of, 39,
49, 253.
sheriff of, 39, 49, 68, 70, 73.
i.
James City Parish,
211,
81, 122, 185,
James River,
36,
General, 586.
Jameson,
Site
also
of College.
courthouse
iii,
ii,
Jamestown,
at,
capital
moved
from,
meeting
at
college
an
128-
ministers
at,
ordnance
moved
See
111,
128-
a,
128- b,
257- a,
71.
v,
40.
134.
business,
128- b,
n.,
a,
73.
from,
556.
burned,
at
240.
at,
troops
590.
111.
capital
statehouse
376,
74,
73,
a,
556.
548,
475,
71,
48,
40,
v,
226-
James City.
also
Jamestown
Road,
Janitors,
College,
365.
208,
144,
215.
Jarvis, Mr.,
366.
James, 541.
W.,
John
368.
232,
234-
263,
267,
239- 240,
270,
276,
587,
518,
488,
237,
a,
206,
55- n, 178, 206- n, op
80- 262,
254, 255,
248, 253,
278, 282,
283, 287, 400, 401, 425,
xi- xii,
ix,
viii,
Thomas,
Jefferson,
247,
671.
277,
quoted, 232.
autobiography
constitution
bill by for amending
270.
book by, 263,
of
234- a
college,
253- 254.
518.
to library by, 401, 425,
260- 262.
books purchased
by, 255,
Madison by, 270
hooks sent to Pres.
criticized
college
by, 253- 254, 282- 283.
college
praised by, 237, 262, 270.
237.
-
quoted,
book
presented
to
college
compares
conferred
degree
of
description
brick- kiln,
276,
254,
278,
277,
287,
400.
248.
on,
253- 254,
237,
by,
college
276,
262,
277,
278,
400.
282- 283,
estimated cost of building by,
gifts
to
401,
library,
governor
of
governor
letters
Notes
college,
to,
270,
263,
Virginia
on
plans by for
of laws
revisal
ix,
232.
by,
addition
by,
282,
xi_- xii.
282- 283,
283.
253- 254,
to
270,
260- 262,
239- 240,
237,
of,
books presented by.
also
232.
of Virginia,
letters
425,
55- n.
See
518.
270.
college,
ix,
206- n,
app.
234r- a.
student
at
college,
viii,
visitor
of
college,
178,
488.
232.
Jeffreys ( Jeoffreys),
gifts
letter
of,
of,
58,
19.
Jeffrey,
73.
12,
14,
15,
19,
58,
73.
206,
684.
�INDEX
-
57.
Earl of, 72.
College,
Oxford,
Jenefer, Daniel,
3.
Jersey,
Jesus
Jenings,
Colonel,
128-- a,
88,
87,
58,
41,
n.
of, 106.
quarter
to undertake
building
Edmund,
deputy
of
president
Rev.
Rt.
108,
John,
456,
xi,
116.
115,
108.
colony,
12.
459,
466, 467,
460,
498, 549, 597.
bishop, 456, 459, 466, 467, 478, 479,
portrait of, 498, 549.
president of college ( 1849- 1854), xi,
of,
resignation
Johnson,
Lt.
E.
476,
498,
549,
467,
482,
479,
597.
460,
478,
658.
482.
Mr.,
A.
W.,
205.
571.
678.
W.,
Chapman,
H.
116.
115,
77.
colony,
council,
of
secretary
Capt.
John,
Jennings,
Johns,
of
secretary
of, 108.
letter
41.
college,
77,
29,
councillor,
of
104, 106,
104, 115.
41,
29,
3,
106.
282.
Clay, 634.
Joshia,
Rev.
189-
192,
of,
marriage
200.
194,
189- a.
a,
master,
grammar
194.
Richard,
3.
Thomas,
95.
Johnston,
Fayette, 405.
Joists, 439,
545, 604.
floor,
Jones,
Mr.,
See
439.
288.
208,
student,
D.
298,
345,
300,
397.
664.
S.,
Daniel,
123 &
Emmanuel (
384,
n.,
Professor),
385.
175, 179,
184,
192,
197,
214,
216,
218,
226- a.
224,
accounts
of,
clerk
Society,
of
librarian,
master
184.
214,
226- a.
179,
in
Gloucester,
of in
TI,
226- a.
224,
224.
college,
plantation
668.
Henley
Rev.
Flooring.
also
Hugh,
593,
128,
vi,
in
assisting
of
description
letter
128-
Grammar
128` b,
School,
college
of James
City
Parish,
professor
questions
Blair'
returned
Inigo,
277.
131-
by,
of mathematics
quoted,
131-
134,
548,
552,
128- b.
649.
134,
128- b.
of,
minister
a,
224.
vi,
to
131-
s
at
ordination,
134,
England,
548,
128-
552,
a,
128-
a,
college,
n.
128 -
649.
128- b.
vi,
128- a.
128- b.
556,
649, 685.
�INDEX
-
Janes
( continued)
58.
366,
John,
John J.,
Orlando,
Richard
368.
397.
101.
H.,
577.
S cervant,
Rev.
385.
158- a.
Thomas,
Dr.
Thomas P.,
300, 301.
Walter,
179, 180, 183- a.
T.
Warner,
673, 674, 676.
William, 180,
291,
297.
Journeymen,
403.
S. (
Edward
Jaynes,
Professor ),
537,
544,
of books
551,
chancery,
by, 569.
236.
gift
Judges,
510,
509,
519,
521,
523, 524, 530,
562, 567, 568, 569, 574, 579, 596.
561,
553,
436.
Jugs,
K.
Karjavina,
Kay [?]
,
272.
Bros.,
413,
414.
82, 85.
Captain, 106.
Kecoughtan,
Keeling,
Mr.,
Kelley ( Kelly),
Jo.,
406.
Joseph,
Kemp,
542.
218.
Mrs.,
Joshua,
Kendall,
Kennebunkport,
Mrs.,
Kennon,
199.
318.
404.
Mr.,
Kennedy,
404.
295.
B.,
295, 297.
Richard, 151- 152.
Key [?] Bros., 413, 414.
Keys, College, 91, 95, 175,
Elizabeth
355,
451.
451,
242,
brass,
to
Kidd,
college
Joseph,
Kikotan,
85.
Kincotan,
D.
King,
John
King
199-
209,
215,
216,
219,
176.
175,
See also Kecoughtan.
66..
C.,
C. ,
420.
603.
38,
celebrated,
King'
s
birthday
King'
s
College ( Aberdeen),
Kitchen
a,
200.
170.
Walter,
and Queen County,
Kingsmill
181-
579,
apartipents,
n,
176,
Wharf,
581.
gardens,
vii,
392.
184.
132.
154,
226-
a,
233.
See
also
Gardens.
227,
�INDEX
-
59.
97
Kitchens,
College,
at
124,
415,
123,
74,
129,
89,/ 97-
439,
doors for,
106,
105,
a,
110,
109,
112,
439.
346,
battern
171,
145,
601,
R.
Beverley
bri
ckw
187,
219,
230,
439,
440.
233,
289,
324,
662.
110,
129.
of, 109,
chimney
264, 265,
187.
chopping block for,
doors of, L39, 4J,T.
266.
ork
dresser
mentions,
for,
in,
442.
439, 440.
145.
finishing
of,
fireplace
in,
furniture
for,
hearth
346,
359,
123,
74,
444.
124,
187,
in,
97
443.
in Wren Building,
74., 89,/ 97- a, 105,
124, 129, 145, 187, 219, 319.
upstairs
in
basement
in,
97-
partition
in,
ovens
to,
123,
319.
265.
227,
264,
See
443.
Plastering.
also
264, 265, 266,
97, 264, 439.
allowed in, 171.
230,
270,
4.39,
See
444.
Repairs.
also
89,
of,
whitewashing
Kitchen
Brafferton,
brick,
112,
439.
not
students
11. 0,
109,
187.
in,
stairs
of,
264,
in,
plastering
press for,
repairs
a,
106,
472.
See also Whitewashing.
356,
378,
380,
381,
409,
438,
459,
675.
594,
594.
rebuilt,
459.
380, 381.
Kitchens, President' s House,
594, 666, 670.
shingled,
brick,
300,
264,
270,
300,
301,
253,
515,
303,
524,
393,/
527,
303,
444,
594.
built,
230,
and
new
Knight,
Knives,
301.
old,
Mr.,
303.
199.
575.
Knobs,
447,
brass,
Kocher,
453.
451,
447.
Lawrence,
72,
683- n.
L•
Laboratory,
William
423,
549,
427,
602,
chemical,
613,
chemical
fire
floor
in
and.
510,
303,
and
(
396.
physics,
514,
617.
423, 427,
401,
440,
253.
396,
philosophical,
n. w.)
524.
old,
512,
510,
512,
515,
617.
510,
512,
of,
512.
right
511,
College,
396,
401,
528,
533,
604, 613,
in,
new,
395
Mary
515.
wring,
See
396,
also
493.
493.
Fires
( 1859).
549,
604,
�INDEX
-
60.
Laboratory
( continued)
picture ( illus.)
See
also
Laborers
for
of,
496.
opp.
395, 396,/. op96,.,493.
Apparatus room;
Chemical
for,
rooms
room.
55, 56, 57, 69.
See also
Bricklayers;
Brickmasons;
Ladders, 101, 187, 242, 290, 293, 425,
fire, 334,
336, 340, 660.
rope
for, 340.
Marquis
degree
J.,
de ( General),
conferred
visit
Lamb,
Workmen,
etc.
of,
1824,
660.
314- 315,
314- 315.
on,
314
216
Mr.
Mr.,
547.
620.
William,
504- n, 532,
J. R.,
Lambdin,
498.
Lambeth
Palace,
oil,
Lamp
Carpenters;
426.
110.
Lady day,
Lafayette,
Lafong,
college,
Lamps,
19,
679.
665,
63- 68.
62,
465.
354.
630.
Land, Robert H.,
i.
Land for William and
kerosene,
Mary
College,
iii,
ii,
34, cp. 34, 55, 131, 149,
152- a,
509.
at Middle Plantation,
iii, 34,
55.
burying ground on, 509.
See also
deed for,
55.
ditch
for
cut
scrip
Lands,
Ballard,
considered,
on,
stable
wood
8,
13,
9,
192- b,
317,
17,
359,
Burying ground.
131.
payment for, 55.
plot of, op. 34.
purchased fran Thos.
Land
6- 7,
2,
189,
173.
on,
pasture,
sites
1,
173,
ii,
1,
55, 149.
6- 7, 8,
2,
9,
17.
13,
189.
on,
152-
fund,
629.
a,
192- b,
belonging to College,
54, 58, 59, 60, 158-
359.
iii,
a,
xi,
226,
18,
227,
22,
23,
24,
28- 29,
237- 238,
235,
257-
38,
a,
49,
277,
285.
See
also
Palace
Blackwater
Land;
Swamp; Land for College;
Williamsburg lots. .
Pamunkey Neck;
Lane,
Thomas,
58.
George,
294, 301.
Langkopf & Company, 183,
taught,
1,
Languages
13.
Modern languages.
Lanterns,
312, 338, 481.
Lang,
110
l
Latches, iL,l,.
Lathing,
Laths,
Latin
Latin
22
l216A !
2,.,
191,
See
201.
also
French;
Greek;
Hebrew;
Latin;
439.
396.
4,, _388,,
98,
424, 455, 457.
13, 16, 17, 31, 59, 93, 96, 141,
253,
254, 277, 278, 603.
master,
See also
Grammar
master.
74.
taught,
142,
149,
153,
236,
�INDEX
61.
-
Latin
themes,
179,
196.
Latin
verses,
iii
18,
College,
at
Laundry,
of,
chimney
furnishings
Laundry,
230,
264,
444.
123.
for,
for
charge
218.
217,
230,
to,
repairs
218,
264.
216,
in,
losses
158- a.
131.
General,
Lauberdiere,
151,
246, 251.
123, 216, 217,
College,
of
Latitude
138,
29,
22,
264,
441*.
See
177.
students,
Washing.
also
of, ix, 232,
Professor
234, 236, 238, 254,
Law and Police,
also
Law School.
See
257, 259, 262, 278.
267,
337, 342, 380- 381, Z09, 411, 415, 470,
Law books,
285,
283,
476, 477, 478, 490, 514, 572, 573.
342.
of,
list
285.
Lat. r library,
316, 317, 346, 352, 381, 382, 474, 477, 478, 487.
Professor of, ix, 232, WI..
Law of Nature and Nations,
at College,
232,
Law School,
233, 237, 281, 325, 352, 436, 572,
See also
Law books;
Law library.
books used in,
285.
used
in
courses,
lecture
professors
262,
273,
See
rules
and
277,
330,
257,
367,
375,
259,
381,
2.81,
287,
322,
457,
of.
278,
340- 341,
concerning;
395.
See
Statutes.
7.
95.
32,
398,
263,
411,
413,
448.
422,
109.
gutters,
roof,
398.
red,
263.
rings
trees,
for
of
sheet,
398, 411,
Lead pipe,
422.
422.
413,
448.
Leadenhall
Street,
Lear, Col.,
58.
John, 2, 8,
Lecture
9.
at
roans,
75.
3. 3,
25,
College,
343,
344,
347,
354,
381,
382,
395,
396,
26,
29,
262,
101.
291,
362,
397,
363,
399,
494,
499,
549,
477,
487,
489,
493,
533,
537,
541,
5441 548,
602, 604, 613,
597,
585,
1110
254,
329,
567.
332,
regulations
238,
3.
109,
an
276,
266,
262,
490,
Professor
480, 483, 488.
and Mary College,
Col.,
in
478,
Police,
238,
Students,
Lawyers,
286,
477,
477,
Joshua,
Lead,
475.
Law and
of William
Lawson,
285,
234, 236,
296, 298 & n,
in,
460,
487.
233,
474.
also
students
also
419,
232,
278,
394,
382,
397,
xi,
ix,
in,
477,
3$ 1,
for,
room
577.
237.
of,
description
Laws,
474,
599,
674, 675.
and
benches
chairs
desks
for,
for,
chemical,
classical,
382.
400.
395,
419.
544.
295,
302,
367,
369,
400,
500,
551,
401,
502,
617,
620,
558,
310, 335, 337,
374, 375, 378,
419, 423, 438,
515, 527,
512,
559,
564, 565, 582,
630,
662, 665, 672,
303,
370,
410,
510,
�INDEX
62.
-
Lecture
rooms
frames
continued)
(
291.
for,
xii,
in,
furniture
in
597;
Steward'
in
s
See
564.
Bo•
Nman'
in Mr.
559;
1859,
in 1865,
558,
544,
s
534,
599.
House,
Furniture.
also
house,
Mascns'
in Mrs.
565;
559,
s,/
543.
602.
370.
large,
337, 354, 367, 369,
law,
397, 381, 419, 477, 487.
in
Brafferton,
mathematical,
natural
423.
401,
672,
427,
410,
401,
philosophy,
of,
number
410.
527.
303,
400,
philosophical,
See also
382.
354.
second floor of Wren Bldg.,
Stoves for,
310, 419.
See also
of,
399.
whitewashing
to,
repairs
Repairs.
381,
Lectures, . William
Mary
and,
College,
Whitewashing.
301, 306, 310,
266,
375.
370,
301, 324.
on government,
365.
William and Mary
See
suspended
College,
suspension
of exercises.
478.
Gen.
Maj.
Francis,
James,
222- 223.
Charles,
14.
411.
Robert
Gen.
H.,
630.
E.,
252.
Victoria,
Mrs.
William,
3,
LeFevre,
Mr.,
LeFevre,
Mr.,
583.
252.
496.
p.
op.
120.
Lehup,
Mr.,
138,
Leigh,
Mr.,
See
663.
629- 630,
298,
Va.,
Legislature,
also
General Assembly.
19.
William,
Lenox,
1. 40.
5,
3,
263.
Mr.,
Lenses,
19,
Lamb,
Levies,
577.
268,
county,
William,
Levingston,
Lewis,
77,
Andrew,
Gen.
John,
269.
123.
222,
225.
223,
263.
William,
5,
Lexington,
Va.,
Librarian,
6,
263.
289.
144,
382,
572,
226- a,
387, 388,
622,
110,
111,
155,
158,
243,
309,
252„
345,
348,
310,
228,
229,
399, 428,
275,
432,
313,
469,
348,
354,
473,
327,
471,
478,
57,
491,
379,
562,
648.
of, 313,
William &
salary
Library,
204.
190.
Leonard &
4111
337,
324,
chemistry,
Mr.,
R.
311,
365,
350,
Lee,
Laboratory.
also
527.
new,
an
See
675.
316, 317,
Mary
348, 398,
College,
115, 123,
159, 160, 167,
253, 267, 273,
311, 312, 313,
5?
0,
352, 358,
112,
i,
vi,
562.
viii,
ci.i,
xiii,
72,
75,
78,
146, 149, 153, 154,
228, 234- a, 238,
227,
224, 226,
290,
304, 306, 308,
277,
295, 302, 303,
327, 328, 332, 339,
314, 316- 317, 319,
133,
209,
134,
223,
145,
361,
376,
379,
382,
386, 388,
1
�INDEX
63.
-
Library
5a1
( continued)
392, 393, 394,
409, 411, 413,
429, 431, 432,
498, 511, 513,
435,
514,
582,
436,
650,
406,
419,
421,
422,
408,
426,
468,
471,
476,
485,
493,
526,
533,
590,
608,
613,
653,
654,
656,
laboratory ( 1859),
for,
302, 304, 306,
511,
308,
514.
309,
402,
579,
648,
671,
672,
accounts
404,
515,
633,
the
above
414,
403,
420,
402,
399,
418,
437,
397,
417,
568,
544, 551, 553,
620, 622,
616- 617,
658,
659, 666, 668,
572,
569,
630,
670,
395,
683.
404,
403,
406.
See also Library Fund.
a
See
399.
for,
books in,
234- a.
Shelves.
Bookshelves,
also
525.
351,
requested, 350,
Books.
See
for
books
493.
in ( 1779),
of books
rrangement
bookcases
1856),
to (
alterations
112,
115, 491, 579, 648;
111,
vi, 110,
burning of ( 1705),
650;
514, 515, 526, 551, 553, 579,
513,
1859) xii, 511,
594, 595, 627.
xiii, 590,
1862)
1700),
75; ( 1856) 491.
of (
catalog
of,
1884, 666.
condition
to,
damage
622.
348, 471,
633, 634.
in,
counter
See
burning of.
also
1786) 266; ( 1797) 280;
1816) 302- 302- a; ( 1824) 316- 317, 318; ( 1845) 323,
c.
670; ( 1860) 558, 564;
325; ( 1846) 427; ( 1859) 514, 517,
descriptions
for
fire
door
3}
of,
use
620.
n
meeting
fees
564.
558,
397,
209,
to,
faculty
242; (
653.
1876)
doors
21, 1,
of, ( 1781)
inn,
304,
303,
See
352.
313,
Students,
also
expenses of.
672.
for,
kept in,
fires
572.
for,
348,
furniture
gifts
gifts of.
Books,
Sag
hours
Bookcases;
also
counters.
bookshelves;
to
See
622.
471,
399,
388,
open_, 562.
in
three
law
rooms
648,
to,
keys
Law library.
397, 398, 423,
books;
316, 317,
558, 564, 613, 616- 617.
for,
room
316, 398, 423.
of
number
511,
of,
of,
refitting
for,
rooms
rules
for
shelves
in,
See
485.
see
use
471,
564,
548, 549,
400, 436, 472, 475,
598, 633, 639, 653.
496, op. 646.
533, 613, 616- 617,
op.
of,
rebuilding
558,
346,
533,
Periodicals.
See
in,
periodicals
318,
514,
511,
316.
290,
roam,
pictures
317,
285, 315,
518, 554,
517,
513,
in,
books
487,
old
317.
290,
209,
of,
location
new
Law
See
in,
books
316,
1824),
(
653.
228,
622.
of,
572,
388,
also
location
437,
229,
622.
of.
275,
See also
654.
furnishing of.
316,
341,
348,
Wren_ Building.
357,
428,
458,
�INDEX
64.
-
continued)
Library (
for,
664.
windows
630,
See
436.
in,
also
fund,
Library
553,
445,
Mr.,
369.
109.
106.
Lightfoot,
Harry,
Henry,
203,
rods,
Franklin'
See
481.
188,
118,
117,
227,
200,
268,
270,
272,
393,
398,
603,
604,
605,
Allan,
Lindsay ( Lindsey) ,
290,
Edward,
568,
230,
401,
637,
568.
562,
293.
605, 606,
608,
619,
240,
231,
402,
641.
621,
430,
403,
drapery,
Lanterns.
264,
442,
265,
443,
266,
493,
636.
629,
630,
633,
137- 138,
139,
140- 141,
628,
626,
258,
418,
411,
oil,
Linseed
351.
301,
611,
Company,
340, 366.
156,
152- b,
and
Liquors
558,
See
Litharge,
on,
448,
134- 135,
236, 277.
638,
449,
136,
See
also
Duties.
134- 135.
at College,
Philomathean
Lithographs,
494,
497,
512,
514,
515,
536,
544,
646.
Society; Phoenix
Society.
452.
p. 434,
529.
611, 615, 618.
See also
649, 662.
opp.
Brown & Company,
Little,
oaks,
435,
529,
E.
N.,
R.
A.,
Trees.
448.
Charles,
Lively,
534.
660.
Richard,
William
stones,
Locke,
235,
631,
564,
also
35,
17,
158,
duty
slaves,
Societies,
Literary
1,
viii,
on,
650.
340.
table,
at
allowed
duties
618,
201.
192,
Lippincott &
Liquors,
269.
615,
468.
453- 454,
201.
England,
from
447,
268,
427, 429,
William,
222,
223.
201,
192,
Linen,
213,
148,
bedding, 148.
Load
Lamps;
474.
Thomas,
Live
571.
570,
569,
565,
Candles;
also
606,
John,
560,
468.
s,
601,
T.,
635, 637, 640, 643.
Building, windows.
559,
555,
554,
428,
468.
College,
at
98,
Wren
3.
Philip,
Lighting
Lightning
632,
in,
meetings
visitors
Lime,
399.
of ( 1882) ,
value
581.
in,
quartered
soldiers
tables
John,
290.
E.,
448.
198.
71- 72.
298,
290,
299,
300,
188, 215,
176, 186, 187,
91, 94, 95,
398, 414, 436, 438, 439,
301, 308, 310, 351, 355, 393,
453, 454, 471, 674.
441, 442, 447, 451, 452,
mortice,
438, 451.
Locks,
465.
453,
451.
stock,
351, 453.
pad,
rim,
�INDEX
65.
Logic taught,
1.
London, Bishop of,
i- ii,
iv,
51,
121,
158, 159,
196- a.
160,
of
chancellor
69,
from,
168,
165,
172,
176,
174,
192- b,
162,
164- 165, 255.
74, 75.
negroes by,
165.
27,
college,
instruction
an
164,
162,
books presented by,
letter
letters
vii,
9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 27,
62, 64, 69, 72, 74, 75, 116, 117,
120,
a,
128- b, 150, 151, 152- a, 154, 155,
53,
59, 61,
124, 128, 128-
42,
to
59,
72.
51,
letters to, 53, 59, 162, 164, 168, 174, 192- b, 196- a.
London,
Engiplild,
4, 5, 15, 19, 20, 61, 62, 71, 133,
151,
145, 150,
169,/ T83, 185, 189, 191- 192,
201, 201- a, 226, 238, 346,
549,
670, 685.
agent
for
James
Blair
coal
used
also
Perry,
Micajah.
15,
See
19.
Blair,
also
James,
in England.
169.
from,
purchased
goods
See
150.
238.
in,
in,
61,
in,
college
from,
apparatus
183,
185,
191- 192,
189,
201.
merchants
of, 4.
London Post Boy, 72.
London Society, 263.
Long, B.,
LockingLord,
669.
187.
163,
glasses,
Daniel Walker,
318- 319.
318.
Lorraine,
Patterson,
Claude,
459.
Lossing,
Benson J.,
Mary
Lots,
Louis
_
178,
435./
of College, ' orb._
XVI,
260,
262,
See
280,
302-
529, 619, 648, 650,
books presented college
257-
179,
a,
341,
357,
660.
a,
653,
374.
Williamsburg,
also
463,
lots
471,
in.
514,
517,
518,
by, 260, 262, 280, 302- a, 341, 357,
471,
514, 517, 518, 619, 648, 653.
funds from for rebuilding
President' s House, 463, 648, 650, 660.
See also President' s House.
Louisa
County,
281.
279,
Lowndes,
Mr.,
64, 116.
Lucas, Mr.,
482.
T.
C.,
337.
Lucas & Roper,
573,
574.
Luckens,
Isaiah, 682.
Ludwell, Colonel,
48, 54,
for
shingles
58,
Philip, 40, 47- n, 48, 54, 58,
donation
to
of
rector
college,
Jr.,
Thomas,
33,
Lumber, 238,
603,
Lumber
house,
by,
54.
87,
89,
93,
97,
124.
58.
124.
for
undertaker
Philip,
college
116.
97,
from,
college
college,
40,
87, 89.
34 &
n.,
396,
411,
604,
605,
college,
op.
465,
606,
258.
40,
48.
34.
502,
535,
546,
568,
572,
614,
619,
640,
641,
654, 664.
574,
577,
602,
�INDEX
-
66.
Lumpkin,
Lunatic
F.,
Lucy
428.
254, 267,
See also
595.
Eastern
apparatus
stored in,
philosophical
595.
Lynchburg, Va., 529.
Mr.,
Lyons,
597.
asylum,
Lord,
578,
State
Hospital.
579.
James,
Lytel, A.&
Lytel, A. &
663.
Company,
Lyttelton,
Mr.,
Cox,
605,
534, 535,
606.
539,
570,
574,
577.
584,
585,
594,
635.
167.
M.
Alexander,
Macaulay,
McCandlish,
Mr.
Professor,
603,
Anderson,
254.
435.
615.
290.
R.,
419.
413.
Robert,
315,
R.
M.,
331.
567, 601, 610.
Professor,
610.
McClellan,
General George B.,
Macclesfield,
Earl of, 130.
P.,
Thomas
McClurg,
Dr. James,
ix, x, 233,
234,
Professor of Anatomy & Medicine,
resigned
the
on
x,
268,
233,
269,
234.
273,
282.
282.
x,
professorship,
treatise
257,
255,
ix,
257.
gall by,
Mace,
83, 178.
Macfarland,
William H.,
592,
Maclin, William J.,
372.
McNeman & Duvall, 347.
Mad house,
See
223, 226- a.
Madeira wine,
163.
Madison,
James ( student),
medal
won
and
cap
by,
630.
Eastern State Hospital.
also
206,
200,
gc, m of, 200.
of college
company,
captain
James ( President
James, Jr.,
239,
Mrs. James,
240,
227,
229.
206.
of U.
S.),
248,
249.
507,
506,
227.
562,
671.
587,
549.
buried in chapel, 549.
Rev. James,
ix
x,
xi,
200,
234,
233,
258,
271,
259,
273,
293,
294,
astronomical
214, 216, 218, 225, 229- n, 230, 232,
239, 240, 247, 248, 249, 250,
255, 256,
261,
262, 263, 265, 266,
267, 268, 269, 270,
237- 238,
260,
280,
281,
297,
274,
296,
427,
observations
282,
284,
287,
289,
506, 511,
by, 271.
512,
513,
284,
287,
506,
513.
of Virginia,
bishop
of burned,
x,
281,
273, 278,
550, 649, 657.
249, 250,
255, 261.
books
of
college,
books
used
buried
in
511,
books
512,
left
in
513,
to
courses
chapel,
x,
2906
550,
91,
292,
76 . 9, 657,
292,
296,
506,
627.
by, 284, 285.
302-
a,
296,
427,
See
also
Chapel.
�INDEX
67.
-
of,
College
of
description
296.
xi,
x,
240,
240.
of,
in house
Cornwallis
death
continued)
James (
Rev.
Madison,
of,
house
rented
for,
x,
of,
269,
238.
237,
by,
See
291.
house
President' s House.
287.
lectures
also
256,
266- 267,
265,
270.
248,
240,
237- 238,
249, 250,
232,
225,
292.
290,
282, 283,
270,
267,
262,
258,
263,
230,
239- 240.
letters to,
of,
letters
229.
librarian,
of,
praise
See
x,
College,
of
divinity,
professor
of
mathematics &
natural
291,
of,
293,
22,
powder) ,
lanterns,
446.
H.,
W.,
Mahon,
H.,
D.
229,
233,
292.
512,
511,
550.
556.
267,
442.
455.
H.,
Street,
455.
Williamsburg,
194.
See
Duke
also
of Gloucester
Street.
416.
Maine,
Mammoth bones,
Bishop
Mr.,
Mann,
x,
396.
William
Man,
ix,
philosophy,
531.
444,
James,
Main
274,
587.
293.
Albert,
Mahone,
240,
234,
281.
mentions,
Magazines (
Mahogany,
233,
294.
273,
rooming with,
to, 296,
297, 302- a,
Washington
D.
n,
240.
of,
students
Mahan,
229-
259.
234,
servants
Magic
xi,
266.
of
tablet
to.
657.
289,
284,
professor
son
tablet
also
273.
president
278,
a.
ix,
302-
297,
to,
monument
255- 256,
of,
294.
165.
384.
434, 438,
Black,
451.
439,
Mantelpieces,
Mantels,
443,
449,
451.
See
also
Chimney
pieces.
Gothic,
451.
451.
marble,
434.
Wayche,
Manuel,
451
Lefevre,
452.
1859, 529.
57, 113, 145,
at College,
Maps,
350,
354,
113.
of,
Molls,
of
401,
162,
general,
gift
217,
burned
Manuscripts,
481,
United
558,
337.
States,
337,
of world,
113.
of,
308,
purchase
Spotswood'
s
legacy
350.
354.
339,
of,
481.
162 &
also
162 &
163.
of Virginia,
4110
404,
See
n.
n.,
564.
Records.
163,
308,
337,
339,
342,
�INDEX
68.
-
Marble,
467.
Market
place,
588.
399, 400, 411.
399.
381,
Marl
walks,
Mr.,
Marnix,
F.,
B.
Marsh,
607.
640.
Mr.,
493.
494,
Samuel,
Marshall
J.,
J.
Rev.
Marks,
Marl,
194.
69.
Markets,
John,
l
495, 496,
488, 671.
574,
572,
575.
Marshman, 7201.
William,
Martin'
Mary,
386.
Thomas,
Martin,
372.
206.
Hundred,
s
of England,
Queen
ii,
1,
iii,
3,
5,
4,
6,
7,
9,
10,
11,
12,
24, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 38, 46,
15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23,
117, 121, 124, 133,
135, 137, 138,
59, 111, 1.14, 116,
227,
140,
235, 276, 277, 284, 578.
155, 158- a, 226,
accession
of,
15.
and Queen Mary,
5, 6, 7, 9,
address
of assembly to King William
13,
57,
10- 11,
12, 13, 15.
in
interest
to,
report
James,
Marye,
ii,
Maryland,
72,
94,
of,
in,
of,
governor
in,
303,
52,
55,
58,
59,
52,
58,
232,
488.
See
also
55,
58,
Nicholson,
F.
iii,
on
448,
18,
22,
24,
28,
59,
94,
97,
138.
tobacco.
450,
454.
300.
299,
line,
225,
239.
540,
541,
336.
at
See
542- 544, 558,
4.
541, 542- 544.
540,
Brickwork.
college,
also
165.
Institute
Massachusetts
Mr.,
of
Technology,
529,
532.
169.
iii, iv,
25, 26, 28, 29, 34, 38,
Mary College,
57, 59, 61, 62, 69, 74, 95- 97, 98, 99- 100, 103, 111, 112,
142,
143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 155,
135, 136, 137, 138, 140,
180,
177,
195- a, 277.
156,
185,
189, 194- 195,
174, 175,
See
" Barring out" of masters.
out of,
barring
156.
from levies,
exempt
Masters,
at
William &
56,
4111
49,
277.
3.
Massachusetts,
Masson,
from,
cornerstone
Masonry,
259,
267.
Lodge,
laid
47,
Duties,
298,
Dixon
and
47,
41,
534.
orge,
Masonic
41,
Works,
Stove
Lemuel,
Mason
232,
165.
72.
also
Maselb Mrs.,
John T.,
1Ge
28,
25,
170,
165.
41,
ii,
exported
See
24,
138,
from,
students
tobacco
22,
97,
41.
council
education
Maryland
18,
iii,
78,
schools
15.
by,
college
23- 24.•
172- 173.
fires
houses
and
candles
for,
98.
supplied
by,
177.
�INDEX
69.
-
Masters
continued)
(
in
living
of,
mentioned
in
of,
number
174,
195-
See
a.
also
Roans;
194- 195.
181- a.
for,
meals
177,
building,
college
marriages
26,
charter,
28,
29.
74.
iii,
regulations
177.
concerning,
removal
175.
of,
of,
salaries
also
Matches,
57,
137,
135,
103,
155, 156.
Grammar Masters;
144,
See
56,
1,
iv,
Indian
138,
140,
142,
143,
Professors.
Masters;
465.
Mathematical
See
162 &
instruments,
535,
538,
Mathematical board, 295.
568.
Apparatus.
also
Mathematics,
of,
professors
v,
vi,
1,
13,
138,
125,
123,
n.,
146,
170,
203,
254,
281,
14, 17, 31, 59,
229, 232, 233,
284- 285,
237,
238,
253,
464,
477,
204,
296,
74,
234,
93,
236,
376,
377,
603.
See
138.
salary of,
rocn,
Mathematicsop.
206,
Natural
also
342,
371,
375,
Philosophy, professor of.
423.
428.
Mathews,
H.
Mathiott,
B.,
568.
562,
657.
of.
Students, expenses
See also
311.
Natty" Fund, 598, 604, 613, 616, 627, 631, 644,
Matty" School, 603, 607, 613, 615, 617, 621, 624, 625, 626, 627,
629, 631, 637, 643- 644, 651.
house for,
613, 615, 617, 626, 628, 629, 631, 638, 640, 642,
Matriculation
Matriculation
656,
books,
fees,
in,
students
C anpany,
191,
Bevell,
542.
Maupin,
J.
Mauduit &
May- Day
Mayes,
Mayo
See
W.,
465,
469.
Sheldon & Maupin.
also
302- a.
celebration
Samuel
debt,
Mayors,
201.
464.
Hansford,
Maupin,
Maxwell,
M.,
(
Elias,
iv- v,
1699),
69- 71.
584.
664.
522.
D.,
669
Meadi.
Edwin
Meade,
Bishop, bpp. 325,
560.
George Gordon,
590.
181,
181- a,
vii, 96- 97, 171, 177,
v,
184, 185, 193, 216, 217,
289,
322,
218, 219, 231, 233, 237, 275, 278- 279, 280 & n.,
340, 357, 432, 458, 471, 573- 574, 599, 630, 632,
323- 324, 329,
General
Meals,
649.
See
Meat
644
651.
Maule &
Maupin &
628;
also
house,
Breakfasts;
C cnmcns;
Dinners;
186.
Meats, 181, 181- a, 218, 219,
salted, 279.
See
Mechanics, 98,,
384.
302- a.
Mecklenburg County,
231,
also
zn, 329.
Workmen.
Food;
Suppers;
Table.
�INDEX
-
70.
Medals,
for
Medical
classes,
Medicine,
Medicines,
257,
for
62,
M.
ix,
also
See
62,
scholars,
Hugh,
220.
232,
x,
233,
236,
234,
Medicine,
Anatomy &
238,
Professor
of.
181.
150.
246.
245,
408.
Merchants,
4, 20.
Metggen, J.,
623.
Methodist parsons,
Mettie,
Anatomy &,
278.
273,
F,,
Mentges,
246.
Menzies,
Colonel,
Mercer, C.,
288.
Col.
of
150,
Indian
206,
434.
Professor
254,
196,
192- b,
students,
667.
D.,
456.
215.
Mezzotints,
Michel, bran ci s Louis,
of
drawing
82- 84.
by,
college
82.
op.
Michie,
Robert,
280.
190,
Microscopes,
459.
Middle
Plantation,
iii,
82,
James
111,
road
Middlesex
Middleton,
Duke
34,
36,
37,
school
47,
40,
48,
65,
69,
Bruton
at,
48.
72,
house for.
of,
33-
n,
148.
84.
192.
183,
113.
Companies,
575, 577, 662, 665.
Militia,
vi,
73, 81, 82, 83, 84, 227- 228,
college
227- 228.
company,
81,
vi,
82, 83.
county,
Military
college,
occupying
Milk,
291,
296.
296.
228.
Williamsburg,
218.
Mill
dam,
Mill
Pond,
379.
Millington,
170- b.
Mr.
Professor
lithograph
John,
389,
by,
392,
406,
407,
421,
434,
423,
410, 411,
424, 425,
466,
434, Op.
393, 394,
412, 413,
434,
395,
529.
396,
399,
418,
431,
400,
419,
432,
405,
529.
chemical
claim
and
of,
of,
1ittets
college,
405.
389,
433.
of,
librarian,
library
426,
philosophical
of against
estate
house
71,
556.
Parish Church.
38, 82, 111, 235, 556.
See also
Grammar School,
255.
3,
Parish,
3.
Captain.,
Milan,
38,
34- n.
England,
John,
37,
71,
33,
County,
Miers,
69,
also
Grammar
from,
v,
See
iii,
at,
for
Middlesex,
Middlesex
to ( 1699),
36.
at,
college
house
36,
34,
living. at, 40, 47, 48, 65.
moved
church
Apparatus.
also
33,
556.
235,
Blair
capital
See
v,
of,
431,
432,
432.
431,
433.
433.
427,
41.4., 415,
429, 430,
apparatus
433,
434.
of,
431,
433,
420,
433,
434,
466.
�INDEX
— 71.
Millington,
Professor
529,
of,
son
of
view
John ( continued)
434.
op.
printed by,
434, 434, 529.
college
434.
Thomas C.,
op.
Mills, Joab, 295.
Mills, 346, 359, 379.
college,
359.
Mr. Galt' s, 379.
Miller,
Dr.,
291.
Robert, 220.
Millner ( Milner),
Thomas,
3, 7, 8,
Mineralogical specimens,
431, 445,
Minerals,
294, 561.
Ministers, i, iii, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 17,
446,
14, 25, 26.
467, 477, 561.
21,
23,
13,
24,
25,
51,
59,
74,
85,
98.
of,
education
of,
salaries
See
21,
190,
280,
Missionaries,
419,
425,
426,
429,
562- 563,
567.
190,
321.
of,
466.
536.
Thomas
Languages,
278,
273,
for,
H.,
310.
Professor
of,
281,
333.
285,
ix,
233,
236,
234,
238,
241,
254,
347.
281.
279,
269,
James,
490,
University
Mitchell,
Mr.,
418,
281.
convex,
488,
rooms
424,
24.
236.
Mississippi,
Moir,
421,
137.
321.
and
concave
Modern
420,
135,
59,
74.
417,
Lucian,
286.
juleps,
Missouri,
30,
431.
Garrett,
Professor
Mirrors,
23,
for,
416,
430,
Mint
25, .
7414, 415.
Professor,
Minor,
17,
7.
M
Minnegerode,
10,
4,
Clergy.
also
skins,
3,
259.
transportation
Mink
iii,
i,
of,
ordination
271.
Hermarl 163.
Moll, [
Money,
chest
Monroe,
for,
144.
216, 488,
James,
C.,
Montague,
23.
Col. Edgar B.,
Monuments
Capt.
Moodie,
Moody,
Miss,
610.
Chapel,
in
671.
Jhmes,
Chapel,
see/ Tablets
in.
84.
189—
a.
Mr.,
284 .
Josiah, 289,
290.
William M.,
297.
Woodson, 428.
Moore,
Mr.,
J.
Moot
388,
Staunton,
courts,
Moral
487.
Philosophy,
236,
books
442.
580.
253,
used in
Professors
254,
262,
courses
of,
170,
284, 285,
W, 285.
a,
189—
360,
215,
520,
232,
570,
233,
574.
234,
�INDEX
72.
—
of,
215.
288.
salary
Carver,
Moran,
295.
Ellen,
Mordecai,
of ( continued)
Professor
Philosophy,
Moral
Rachel,
297.
Samuel,
295.
W.
Morecock,
Montgomery,
John,
488.
A.,
107.
Mr.,
M or ot,
676.
E.,
H.
Walter
393,
Morris,
A.,
395.
482.
Charles,
John,
398,
567,
Morris &
614.
Henley,
Mr.,
508.
F.,
360,
Mrs.,
George
537,
568,
535,
567,
Steward'
A.,
Jedediah,
description
of
kept
568.
266,
Rev.
519,
552,
579,
553,
letter
of,
letter
to
C.
Gen.
Morten,
by (
275,
276,
college
266.
( 1795),
1861),
by,
275- 276.
276- 277.
669- 670.
B.,
183.
207, 281.
Company,
Mount &
Mount
Vernon,
Mugs,
207.
Mr.,
Mullikin,
57.
Wythe,
George
Munford,
522.
Edmund,
Rev.
Murdaugh.
D.,
John
Dunmore,
See
Murry Publishers,
Muschamp, George,
Muscovy, 272.
Music,
618.
Augustus,
Charles
John
Museum,
611,
542.
John,
Murray,
491.
372.
J. & Co.,
Murphy,
534.
D.,
John
college,
82,
83,
385- 386.
Lord.
611.
58,
290,
169,
59.
295.
170,
254,
289,
579- 580.
277.
594.
Charles A.,
560.
Moses,
556,
524,
560,
595.
296, 517, 556- 557.
565, 567, 569, 594,
Colonel,
Mosby,
523,
511- 512.
265.
Mortars,
580,
521,
554,
581,
554,
547.
547,
House,
s
keys
records &
Charles
by,
college
538,
of,
house
WY,
517,
581.
of
history
572,
570,
( 1" 59)
fire
of,
death
511- 512,
548,
547,
544,
569,
of
account
in
361.
510,
J.,
Robert
Prof.
Morse,
508.
507,
472,
507,
Morrison,
469.
402.
Brothers,
Morris &
573.
572,
467,
Prof.
290.
595.
528,
561,
�INDEX
-
Music
( continued)
73.
for,
payment
290.
289,
of,
460.
purchase
Musical
instruments,
341,
Musicians,
82,
Muskrat skins,
Muslin,
362,
363,
499.
311,
402,
446,
83.
37.
455.
Mustard, bottles
of,
Mutton chops, 219.
Mutual
Assurance
Myers,
John,
Society,
291,
Samuel,
178.
610.
548,
292.
291,
292,
Myrtle
wax
candles,
Nails,
86,
187,
293.
See
163.
also
Candles.
A
188,
224, 225, 227, 256, 263, 268, 269, 298, 299,
300,
301, 304, 305, 308, 311, 347, 351, 396, 411, 417, 436,
442, 443, 447, 452, 453, 468, 507, 605, 606, 607.
of, 224,
casks
225.
Nairne,
Edward, 191.
Ch.,
Narsworthy,
Nash &
182.
Woodhouse,
461,
History,
books
Natural
cabinet
of,
469.
302- a.
on,
241.
232,
236, 529.
professor of,
Natural
Philosophy, Department of,
237,
257,
254,
325- 326,
books
lectures
327,
in
used
of,
professors
257,
401,
courses,
282,
on,
259,
259,
325- 326.
311,
1,
ix,
13,
278,
273,
1, 13, 180,
204, 233, 234, 236,
282,
273, 278,
284, 285, 287, 311, 321,
410, 423, 427, 487,
503,
549, 645, 672, 675.
285, 507, 508.
123,
204, 233, 234, 236,
287, 321, 327, 466.
284,
for, 401,
410, 427, 672, 675.
See also
Apparatus.
Nature & Nations,
professor of, 232,
233,
roans
See
also
234,
237,
238,
254,
Laboratory.
236.
Navigation,
112.
Neale, Christopher,
3.
Neave & Company, 201.
Necessary,
Necessary
at
College,
188,
houses,
Captain,
Necks,
Negroes,
231,
264.
to
209,
216,
for,
95, 96, 99,
218, 219, 228,
268.
186.
for,
coffins
names
of,
217,
234- a.
for, 34, , 188.
quarters
Negroes, free, 389, 390.
411
Negroes,
hired.,
Negroes,
letter
See
Nelson,
in
also
Mr.,
also
Privies.
181- a,
College,
268.
clothing
See
200.
belonging
202,
245.
227,
192- b.
an
instruction
Servants,
298,
Brafferton,
302,
302,
of,
Slaves.
308.
304, 308.
304,
165.
13 ,
233,
145,
2547a,
165,/
235,
186,
188,
240,
252,
�INDEX
-
Nelson
(
74.
4110
continued)
Hugh,
201- a.
John,
209.
Nat.,
201- a.
Robert,
201-
buried
296,
506, 507, 513.
296, 513, 549.
college,
296,
506, 507,
209,
a,
in
chapel,
of
chancellor
513.
of law,
298.
professor
student,
201-- a,
209.
Thomas,
170,
218.
209,
209.
Mrs. Thomas,
218.
William, 189- a, 196- a, 200,
letters
of, 189- a, 196228.
201- a,
student,
student,
New
College,
at
building
addition
201-
228.
a,
201- a.
a,
proposed
1772.
ca.
See Wren Building,
to.
proposed
New
1859,
519- 520.
ii, 61,
England,
138, 150,
162.
Boyle' s charity in, 61, 150.
college
in, 138.
See also
Harvard.
stranded
ship
off
New
Englanders,
New
Haven,
Jersey,
162.
of,
567.
New
coast
318.
New
Kent,
New
Kent
New
Kent
New
419,
Town,
205.
34 & n.
County, 81.
Road, 34, n,
New York,
ii,
78,
286,
260,
205,
546,
560, 609,
Evening Post, 286, 670.
Times,
517, 608.
York
New York
Newick,
Henry,
Newman,
Jane,
John,
560,
569,
650.
611,
from,
contributions
New
111.
392.
609,
611,
650.
189.
96.
96.
95,
241.
179,
subscriptions
Newspapers,
201- a.
Nicholas, Mr.,
Newport,
John,
Robert
23.
Carter,
to,
200,
206,
203,
52,
82,
58,
85,
49,
98,
101,
102,
99, 100,
138- 139, 140- 111,
81,
additions
53,
54,
84,
47,
79,
accounts
576,
577.
653.
206.
Dr.,
Nichols,
176.
Nicholson, Francis, ii & n.,
ii_
i,
15, 17, 18, 19, 25, 26,
129,
572,
by, 653.
books presented
visitor,
571,
83,
of for
"
food,
of his
affidavits
against,
affidavits
for,
own
27,
59,
86,
103,
145-
2,
28,
60,
96.
invention"
84,
91- 92
3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14,
29, 30, 38, 40, 41, 42- 45,
61, 65, 68, 73- 74, 76, 78,
87, 88, 89- 90, 91- 92, 94- 97,
120,
104, 108, 110, 111, 113,
146, 235,
552, 556,
557.
iv- v,
88,
to
89- 91,
college,
94- 97,
98.
90.
�INDEX
111111
-
75.
continued)
Francis (
Nicholson,
of
books
of,
criticisms
of (
dress
to
left
842
of
encouragement
to
of
gifts
affidavits
also
against.
83.
See also gifts of.
by, 87, 89, 90.
Building laid by, 98.
38, 42- 45, 58, 60, 76, 97, 113, 145- 146.
college
of Wren
foundations
See
88.
1702),
c.
42- 45.
college,
college,
See
of
visitor.
college
governor
52, 58.
ii, 41, 4.7, 49,
of Maryland,
governor
140- 141 .
138- 139,
of South Carolina,
governor
ii, iv- v, 2,
3,
of Virginia,
governor ( or Lieut. gov.)
8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 29, 59, 60, 65, 68,
73- 74, 79, 81, 129, 140.
house of, 91,
94, 95, 97, 99, 104.
89, 90, 97.
in college
building,
of,
letters
85, 99.
73- 74,
49,
4., 5,
70, 71,
T
78, 79, 103, _ 108410 .
140- 1J1.
of, 138- 139,
petition
82, 83.
of, 81,
proclamations
to,
letters
of
rector
of
roam
college,
in
college
given
scholarship
sketch of, ii- n.
s
70,
of,
peech
84,
of,
temper
of
transcript
iii,
college,
of
Nicholson
208.
Street,
Nicolson,
Mr.,
25,
120.
13,
25,
28,
27,
54,
53,
102,
139,
26.
271- n.
197.
188,
197.
175, 197.
175,
James,
90.
by,
records
97.
235.
140,
visitor
James,
71.
88, 89,
college,
of
trustee
97, 110.
building, 89, 90,
by, 97, 145- 146.
gardener,
175.
steward,
Robert,
200.
N am ony Hall,
Va.,
Norfolk,
230
229,
291,
228,
301,
379,
448,
490,
520,
526,
529,
481.
Norfolk
Beacon,
Norfolk
Examiner,
Norfolk
Herald.,
Trust
Norfolk
Normal
572.
386.
Company,
at
School,
623.
William &
act to establish ( 1888),
Arthur,
North,
William,
North
14.
302.
Carolina,
Norton,
Charles
170,
John,
John &
Norwich,
Mary
672.
Sons,
Bishop
156,
B.,
157,
509.
189- a.
213.
of,
151.
179.
College,
xv,
663,
672.
JU,
w .
�INDEX
76.
-
110,
108,
93,
Edmund ( Gov.),
Lord,
16.
Nott,
129.
Nottinghan,
River,
Scotia,
Nova
228.
Quarter,
Nottouray
Nottaway
235.
ii.
4.28, . 481.
218.
Wren Building),
178, 181- a, 205,
Scotia" ( in
Nova
Nurse,
college,
178.
Nutmegs,
0.
Oaks, 435,
529, 649,
Oaths of allegiance,
82.
Oboes,
at
Observatory
of
13.
527,
178,
465,
River,
Oil,
351,
178.
Mr.,
Ohio
549.
478.
for,
furniture
Ogilvie,
532.
192- a.
professors,
for,
571.
fuel
527,
478.
college,
for
Offices
271,
230,
college,
furniture,
Officers
Trees.
also
181.
Oconostoto [?],
Office
See
662.
239.
263, 300,
178.
fine,
465.
301,
lamp,
linseed,
Old
B.
Dr.
Oliver,
by
Orations,
English,
287,
Lynde,
238,
220,
204,
students,
204.
of,
372.
82, 170- b.
107.
Ordinary- keepers,
Ordnance,
73.
605, 606,
Ordway, A.,
list
See
Ordinaries,
also
614.
17, 59.
236, 237.
professor
Oriental Institute,
685, 686.
towers,
568.
for
Ornaments,
See also Divinity Sch,
.
Nathaniel,
Dr.
Osborne,
13,
232,
161.
Hugh,
Osnaburg (
520.
178, 183,
oznabrig),
37.
skins,
191,
William &
Outbuildings,
242,
317,
264,
633,
211,
214.
182,
186, 187, 188,
145,
125,
Mary College,
324, 436, 439, 472, . 594, 606, 613,
318, 323-
634.
President'
damage
201,
181.
Ostenaco [?],
at
1,
languages,
of,
Otter
Taverns.
290.
Oriental
Orr,
543.
372,
220.
Latin,
Organ,
288.
162.
County,
Orange
391.
390,
111.
John,
Oldmixon,
546.
683.
389,
Mr.,
Oldham,
535,
351.
Comfort,
Point
310,
308,
301,
to,
s
House,
633,
destroyed ( 1862),
634.
594.
182,
264.
�INDEX
-
77.
Outbuildings,
See
at
college
continued)
(
Bake- house;
also
Meat- house;
Laundry;
Kitchens;
Carriage
Brew- house;
Stables;
Privies; Sheds; Smoke- houses;
Oven house,
See also Bake- house.
187.
Ovens, 97- a, 227, 230,
264, 265, 454.
Dutch,
old,
Dairy;
House;
Necessary
House;
Oven- house;
Store- houses..
4.54.
265.
out
of doors,
repaired,
Overseers
97- a.
264.
of
51,
building,
college
55-
See
n.
also
Surveyors;
Undertakers.
107.
of James Blair,
1.76.
Builders;
Overseers,
Owen,
Mr.,
436.
Ox carts,
Oxen,
291.
Oxford
Oyster
from,
146,
n.,
a,
149,
161,
op.
162,
684, 685.
161.
279.
soup,
630.
Oysters,
See
Oznabrig
1111
128-
University,
masters
Osnaburg.
P.
176,
Padlocks,
James,
Pae,
Pagan,
Page,
465.
453,
661.
58.
Peter,
508.
342,
houses of, 109.
Mrs. 48.
Mr.,
F.
446.
N.,
Francis,
3.
295.
7, 8,
Gregory,
John,
2,
John,
173- a.
of,
memoirs
186,
Mann,
325.
223,
333.
student,
Col.
222.
13,
of,
letters
173- a.
267.
25, 26, 53,
512, 522.
George H.,
562.
Matthew,
54.
Peyton,
Pagels,
Pails,
See
57.
183,
Buckets.
also
310, 351,
399, 423, 430, 435, 445,
294, 300,
535, 537,
546, 605, 606, 614, 668.
469,
459,
448,
noted,
colors
448- 449, 452, 537, 549.
walls,
for exterior
537.
192.
from England,
183,
Paint,
oil,
Painters,
192,
263,
449, 452,
423.
105,
542..
Painters,
portrait,
Painting,
done
305,
289,
at
332,
169.
William
406,
Mary College,
424, 459, 493,
and
423,
263,
574,
298,
663,
299,
666,
300,
674.
304,
�INDEX
78.
-
Paintings
College,
at
500,
Governors',
246, 254
267,
Palace,
ix,
burned ( 1781),
of,
foundations
549,
131,
160,
461,
462, 463,
462, 463.
246,
631.
in,
224,
226,
illuminations
at,
See
226,
631.
556,
Portraits.
226- a, 2114,
245,
160.
hospital
of,
picture
rent
463.
463.
461- 462.
for,
of
estimated,
broken
windows
245,
162.
opp.
of,
outbuildings
value
246,
also
224,
553.
219,
in,
Palace
Green,
389.
Palace
lands,
given
462.
219.
to
college
xi,
1784),
(
257-
xiv,
613,
a,
615,
617,
625, 631.
built
school- house
Pales
Palings,
See
on,
631.
625,
xiv,
See
also
188,
186,
187,
192- b, 291,
297, 298,
183,
384, 385, 398, 403, 437, 445, 459, 643.
around Botetourt
statue,
384, 385.
front yard,
403.
187, 188, 297, 379, 398, 445.
garden,
President'
s yard,
187, 188.
188.
to, 187,
repairs
See also
Fences.
186.
Palisades,
Palladio,
Palm-
of,
queen
survey
college,
18,
iii,
a,
proposed
at
123,
38,
33,/ 49,
54,
59,
for
site
33.
college,
54.
124,
Indian
28,
24,
235.
as
of,
22,
Wormeley' s land at, 60.
Pantry, Wren Building, 74,
351,
scholars,
449.
Paper hanging,
455,
444,
586.
402, 404,
123,
124.
449.
187,
401,
wrapping,
Papers,
Paris,
college,
456.
176.
See
See
Signe,
bricks
4111
Wallpaper.
Records,
of,
259.
182
in Virginia,
Parishes,
85, 128Colonel, 47, 48,
Parke, ( Park),
Colonel Daniel, 52, 55, 67.
Parks,
also
also
263.
Archbishop
Parish,
365,
379,
119.
119.
Neck,
158-
for
321,
426.
Indians,
Pamunkey
Paper,
School.
195- a.
144,
William,
Pamunkey
Natty"
277.
Sunday,
Palmer,
"
Palings.
William,
for
24,
college
151,
bookbinding by,
statutes
printed
a,
55, 67.
164, 176.
from,
161,
161.
by,
189- a.
55.
176.
college.
60,
64, 114,
138,
�INDEX
-
79.
Parliament,
Parlors,
E.
Parr,
iii,
15,
507.
455,
S.,
535.
Partitions, in Kitchen,
Stable,
in
28.
19,
439.
440.
in Wren Building,
224, 226, 437, 439, 492.
Passages,
See also
subterranean,
363, 364.
Wren Building
Wren Building,
See
Passages,
Pastoral Colloquy, " 85.
Drains.
passages
in.
college,
Pastures,
123, 131, 152- a.
Patten, gift of Lady Gooch, 220 & n.
Patterson,
John, 183- a, 183- b.
William,
298.
Paulding,
J.
H.,
Pavement,
at
President'
302- a.
House, /,/,
s
4.
456.
Paving, /
56.
Paving stones,
4494.,
Peach
72.
stones,
600,
Mr.,
Peachy,
Mrs.
M.,
Nary
628.
343.
530,
581,
William S.,
Pead, Dewel,
3,
602,
610.
4.
Pearman,
John,
304, 305,
310.
William, 298, 299, 308, 311.
Pembroke
College,
132- n.
Pena,
De la Pena.
See
la,
De
168- a.
Pencils,
Pendleton,
Peninsula
Edmund,
Penknives,
J., /,
14.
424, 429.
72, 78, 138,
420,
Pennsylvania,
boundary
of,
students
from,
72.
W.,
Legrand
338,
subscriptions
Mr.,
51,
agent
and
Mica
to,
for
j ah,
14,
for
Richard,
58,
55,
61,
57,
Shaw &
418,
74, 75, 124, 150,
61, 124, 150.
154.
58,
485,
117.
117.
56.
college,
college,
57.•
154.
12i .
William Stevens,
letter
381,
491,
college,
to
donation
merchant,
364,
490,
483,
58.
of,
Company,
agent
Perry,
458.
338, 350,
472, 482,
55, 56, 57,
accounts
Mr.
Fifth Pennsylvania
Cavalry.
635.
404,
465,
461.,
Perry,
See
178.
black,
Periodicals,
239.
239.
University of, 260.
Pennsylvania
Cavalry,
Perce,
659.
124.
Pennington,
Pepper,
234 a.
of,
population
State,
521.
Virginia
Penitentiary,
John,
232,
223,
of Virginia,
from,
Hepburn,
15,
19.
629.
318, 684,
685.
422, 423,
567.
429,
460,
�INDEX
80.
-
303,
Petersburg,
Pewter,
185,
183,
See
Peyton,
Mrs.
Mr.,
T.,
Maria
Phelps,
Seats.
Forms;
Benches;
also
191,
203.
189,
chapel,
in
664.
529,
576.
598.
William,
Pettitt,
Pews,
517,
Express,
Petersburg
201.
431.
Phi
Kappa
Beta
591.
before,
founded
1776,
records
of,
488,
ix,
Society,
address
498,
493,
560.
560.
493,
ix.
498.
298,
300, 301, 302, 304,
174, 239, 241 , 249, 260, 282,
393, 411, 420, 422, 423, 424, 498, 506, 569, 592, 611,
650, 682.
298,
from,
300.
chemical apparatus
682.
in,
clockmaker
611, 618, 650.
gifts from,
Philadelphia,
392,
618,
174.
school
at,
stone
steps
301,
of,
by (
514,
512,
518,
515,
523,
544,
558,
647.
523.
518,
515,
514,
512,
celebration
566.
1860) ,
646.
of,
debates
646,
566,
564,
494,
260.
university
Philoaathean
Society,
books
302.
xii,
from,
at,
furniture
of,
xii,
platform
for,
for,
518,
523.
544.
494,
room
515,
Societies,
142,
204, 205,
401, 410.
206,
59,
197-
a,
396,
Mary
144,
236,
vii,
1,
146,
149,
153,
277,
278,
281,
173338,
College,
31,
17,
25,
195- a, 196,
343,
395,
13,
a,
Apparatus.
See
for,
apparatus
196.
in,
awards
and
138,
93,
74,
philosophical.
Apparatus,
238.
William
School,
Philosophy
564.
Apparatus;
See
apparatus,
Philosophical
558,
496,
p.
opp.
Philosophical
in, 142.
given
1,
in, vii,
professors
degrees
175,
for,
138,
125,
142,
146,
149,
174,
338.
197- a.
206,
p.
opp.
123,
74,
254,
for,
requirements
rooms
253,
204,
343,
401,
410,
582.
See
also
Rooms,
philosophical.
students
in,
subjects
taught
terms
See
of,
144,
277.
236.
142,
in,
195- a.
Philosophy,
Moral
also
206,
205,
Department
Department
Literary Society, 486, 494, 515,
552, 558, 564, 566, 646, 647.
before, 551- 552.
address
of, 486,
books
515, 518, 523, 552.
celebration
by ( 1860) , 566.
Phoenix
111
debates
of,
646,
furniture
of,
platforms
for,
rooms
for,
of;
Natural
Philosophy,
of.
647.
515,
494,
518,
518,
523.
544.
549,
551,
552,
558,
564.
523,
544,
549,
551,
�INDEX
81.
-
248, 249.
Building, 88, 95,
French,
Physicians,
Piazza,
Wren
319,
of,
floor
499,
in,
226- a,
Arcade.
also
218.
Pickles,
Picture
frames,
ordered
See
568.
169,
College,
in
Pictures,
by
169.
Dawson,
325,
551,
687.
op.
op.
of Jefferson
of
student'
op.
for
addition,
plan
Library,
of
541,
op.
682,
op,
206.
op.
646.
op.
room,
s
op.
548.
529,
43 5,
434,
427,
op.
529,
646,
151.
brick,
dated
619,
162,
op.
496,
op.
604,
op.
284,
op.
157,
op.
485,
op.
585,
op.
xi i,
of,
mention
434,
op.
Prints.
Portraits;
Engravings; Lithographs;
xii, op. 82, op.
of College,
op.
671.
215,
169,
114,
113,
William
also
Pictures
of
186, ]_ 93,
131,
113,
107,
604, 649.
193.
posted
notices
See
368, 489,
186.
106,
548,
op.
John R.,
392, 397,
Pierce & Armistead, 406.
Pierce,
492.
400,
411.
181.
Pies,
Piggot, _,
29
Piggott,
Nathaniel,
Pillars,
stone,
Pillows,
578.
163.
445, 450.
John, 3.
Pine
577,
226- a.
See
plank,
Pinkard,
Plank;
also
454, 455, 457, 469.
448.
stove,
455, 457.
Pirates,
gift to college by, iii,
Timber.
448,
Pipe,
lead,
Pistols,
90,
91,
96,
95,
94,
19,
57.
55- n,
361,
101,
100,
368,
362,
382,
383,
384,
391.
Pitch,
187.
187.
161,
for
See
leaks,
239.
211, 214.
90, 97, 186,
Roof.
also
Pittsburg,
Plains,
Plank,
188,
187,
297,
312,
349,
408, 437,
440,
441,
186,
187,
295,
feather
pine,
tongue
See
Plans
and
also
for
for
edge,
445,
(
Jefferson'
1859),
519,
for
602,
rebuilding ( 1868),
front elevation,
Rives'
Planters,
106.
291,
401,
450,
493,
293, 294,
402, 404, 407,
495.
Timber.
rebuilding (
Plantations,
370,
445,
289,
374,
architects' )
for
1110
367,
444,
350,
443,
188.
288,
437.
groove,
Lumber,
addition,
532,
251,
450.
college
an
242,
s,
op.
520,
206,
521,
568.
Committee
of,
15.
604.
op.
604.
206.
523,
525,
526,
528,
531,
�INDEX
-
82.
Plants, 72.
Plaster, 98.
Plasterers,
542.
Plastering,
at
305,
441,
459,
227,
224,
college,
304,
230,
231,
379,
386,
395,
396,
398,
406,
494,
313,
492,
268,
265,
264,
550,
620,
621,
624,
628,
409,
641,
272,
429,
666,
294,
443,
672,
674.
Plat,
of
land,
college
George,
Plater,
58,
tin, initialed,
Plates,
for Society
Platforms,
Platt,
Playground,
Playhouse,
Plays,
at
507.
halls,
544.
639.
H.,
J.
34.
op.
94.
341.
in
Williamsburg,
158,
142,
college,
Plumbs, 181- a.
Pocock ( Pococke),
Poindexter, J. H.,
Mr.,
48,
123- n.
158- a,
169- 170.
57.
560.
Pokers,
447.
Polariscope,
459.
Poles, 288.
Political Science,
P olItax,
136.
Polly" (
Pomfret,
Ponds,
285.
189.
ship),
John Edwin ( President
near
359,
college,
draining
of,
363,
of
college,
364,
365,
See also
106.
Poplar trees,
Trees.
141.
Popple, Mr.,
125,
Porch chamber,
Wren Building, 98.
Porches, President' s House,
1j0, 459.
Wren Building, 344, 368, E See also
Porter ( beverage),
Porters,
college,
Portico,
Wren
taken
See
Portico.
226-
a,
440,
453,
493.
475,
493,
498,
511,
515,
512, 514,
517,
498.
xii,
511,
512,
Blair,
also
Rev.
514, 515, 595.
James; Blair, Mrs.
Empie,
Thomas R.;
Rev.
Madison,
James; etc.
Portsmouth, England, 176.
Portsmouth,
Virginia, 490, 541.
Dr.,
583.
366.
Building,
Robert;
Post,
443,
Piazza,
down,
Lambdin,
saved,
j70,
Arcade,
123.
440.
widened ( 1856),
493.
106
Portmanteaus,
in college,
Portraits,
xii,
518, 530, 595, 650.
by
609.
443.
pillars
Mr.,
424.
Porter,
xv.
609.
364,
to,
1942- 1951),
Dew,
Adam;
James;
Johns,
Boyle,
Hon.
John;
588.
Postage, 397.
Posts, 86, 290,
442,
293,
445,
294,
L47,
365,
609,
367,
666.
37/7,
425,
437,
438,
440,
441,
�INDEX
-
Posts
( continued)
86, 367.
83.
cedar,
River,
Potomac
Pots,
iron,
155.
468.
452,
Pottenger &
Company,
Archbishop,
Potter,
John,
Potts,
611,
Ro.,
Povey,
John,
Powder,
189.
168.
542.
618.
66.
Gunpowder.
See
gun
Ben j.,
Pratt,
Betty,
297.
295,
500.
158- a.
Prayer
books,
for
Powell,
T.,
Peter
Mr.,
Prentis,
Eliza,
168-
college,
183- a.
a,
161.
291.
J.,
263.
James, 297.
Joseph,
291.
State
The Present
and
The
of Virginia,"
State
Present
by
Hugh
Jones,
131-
134,
649.
181- a.
William &
and Masters,
President
39, 49, 54, 61,
132,
137, 142,
133,
192- b,
197- a.
of
address
to
in
Wren
Rooms;
before,
instructions
of
to
of
letter
142,
to John
of,
to
of
concerning
See
of, 1, 54.
See
of
192- a,
Apartments;
also
144.
153- 154.
Assembly,
proposed
156
155,
Grammar
also
197- a.
statutes,
Master;
salaries
Professors,
trustees
Indian
Master;
to,
of.
148- 151,
vii,
iii,
152.
Transfer.
President;
Masters;
also
192,
192- b.
from
college
also
of William
Presidents,
28,
129,
Statutes.
also
Randolph,
President;
Masters;
transfer
27,
121,
152 et seq.
General
resolutions
salaries
ii,. v,
iii,'
143.
journals
petition
See
a.
chancellor,
of,
meetings
133.
Rooms in.
Building,
examinations
See
110,
college,
192- 192-
of,
authority
College,
70- 71.
Burgesses,
for
apartments
Mary
62, 64, 70- 71, 74, 79, 81,
143, 144, 152- a, 153, 156,
29,
See
Blair,
Hartwell,
by
59- 60.
Chilton,
Preserves,
of Virginia, "
and
Mary
Professors.
College,
i- n,
v,
vii,
viii,
ix,
x,
16, 17, 25, 26, 28, 29, 39, 49, 54, 55, 64, 65,
69, 85, 111, 112, 138, 141, 143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 155, 156,
197, 201,
225,
187, 189,
233, 234, 235,
177, 183, 185, 186,
236, 238, 249, 253, 257- a, 265, 277, 331, 332, 340, 355, 357,
xi,
359,
362,
allowance
to,
duties
of,
exempt
from
first
garden
1,
xv,
462,
197.
567.
143.
levies,
president
of,
13,
143,
of
320,
156.
college,
337,
16,
509.
26,
See
28,
29.
also
See
Blair,
Gardens.
Rev.
James.
�INDEX
-
84.
Presidents
(
continued)
376.
for,
gardener
house built
house
for,
rented
1812- 1888)
582,
for
See
1,
of,
236,
House.
(1777- 1812)
viii;
666,
54, 55- n„
See also,
74,
64, 65,
112,
Blair,
Rev.
567.
187.
ix- x;
xv.
College building, v,
Blair, Rev. James.
in
also
salary
1954)
s
307, 309, 314, 315,
303,
599, 612- 613, 614, 615,
597667- 668, 672- 673.
593- 596,
663- 664, 665rooms
i- n;
visitors,
372,
265, 462.
( 1743- 1777)
xi; ( 1888-
of to
reports
President'
See
249,
x
17435,
of ( 1693-
names
vii.
for,
110,
75,
138, 143,
James.
326- 327,
617,
133,
149.
155,
156,
177,
of,
stable
331.
143,
concerning,
statutes
See
Blair, Rev. James;
algg:
William;
Dawson,
Rev. Thomas;
Stith, Rev.
Dawson, Rev. William;
Horrocks,
Yates, Rev. William;
Bracken,
Rev.
Rev.
James;
Camm, Rev. John; Madison,
Rev.
William; Empie,
Dr. John Augustine; Wilmer,
Ewell,
Benjamin;
Rev.
Adam; Dew,
Saunders, Robert;
Thomas R.;
Rev. John; Tyler, Lyon Gardiner; Chandler, J. A. C.;
Johns,
Chandler,
Alvin Duke.
Bryan, John Stewart; Pomfret, John E.;
158,
William &
House,
132,
College, 131,
Presidents'
143,
Mary
James;
Rev.
John;
Smith,
177,
251,
263,
291,
389,
393,
440,
459,
in,
brickwork
at,
265,
269,
cellar
chair-
359,
648.
366,
cap,
boards
152-
245,
426, 431,
244,
154, 155, 648.
247, 249, 250, 255,
660.
463, 648, 650,
a,
261,
459.
of,
459.
378.
in,
264.
chimneys
264.
pieces,
of, 444, 660.
cistern
in
closets
in,
chimney
condition
of,
yard
188,
of,
459.
438.
230 [?],
1884,
on,
666.
203.
Cornwallis in,
240.
conductors
of rebuilding,
263,
covered way to,
459.
cost
in
storm,
damaged
in
Civil
War,
of,
226-
descriptions
269.
See
also
rebuilding of.
378.
damaged
xiii,
a,
584,
594,
595,
598.
583.
See also
sundial at.
299.
post at,
dining room of, 512.
of, 354,
doors
378, 436, 439, 440.
See also
Fences;
Failings.
188, 381.
fences at, 187,
1781.
(
See burning of,
(1781)
fires at
1879), 660.
dial
388,
153,
246,
Fires ( 1781).
363,
draining
vii,
x,
270,,
also
at,
cellar
1781,
of,
See
318,
600,
263.
of ( 1732- 33),
building
burning
317,
586,
529,
439.
in,
blinds
r
365,
599.
apparatus
307,
303,
520,
�INDEX
85.
House
Presidents'
See
at,
glazing
at,
ground
230,
raised
463,
269,
650,
648,
660.
insurance
windows
also
407,
263,
around,
of.
See
443.
Grates.
also
399.
400.
for,
gutters
in,
hospital
246..
600.
on,
of,
230,
300,
270,
264,
301,
594, 666,
4/ 14,
303,
670.
303.
new,
old,
303.
for,
laundry
occupied
264.
438,
188,
at,
locks
See
263.
grates
kitchen
153, 154, 155.
265, 269.
378.
of,
garret
a,
250,
1781.
249,
rebuilding,
in,
255, 508.
furniture
152-
247,
246,
x,
Fire,
also
for
vii,
( 1732),
in,
officers
funds
366.
264,
laid
foundations
French
continued)
(
in,
fireplaces
by
by
by
occupied
occupied
439.
670.
567,
432,
presidents,
xiii- xiv,
professors,
Southall
family, xiii,
of,
outbuildings
182,
332,
409,
264,
512-
512,
591,
673.
670
594.
See
Kitchen,
also
Laundry,
459.
Stable.
Privy,
painting at, 263,
of,
507.
parlor
pavement
at,
pictures
for (
pictures
of,
44 4.
169.
1740),
ca.
162,
op.
op.
325,
409,
443.
249,
258- 259,
284,
cp.
op.
434,
551,
op,
619.
op.
227,
plastering in,
porch
built
press
in,
of,
privy
Plastering.
also
440.
and
prints
See
601.
459,
440,
on,
231,
230,
for,
pictures
169.
378.
of ( 1783- 1784),
rebuilding
x,
263,
265,
267,
269- 270,
463,1
to,
repairs
476,
rented,
roans
of,
in,
for,
xv,
also
508,
507,
666.
380,
377,
on,
shingles
stable
264,
229,
rooms
servants'
See
660.
400,
in,
307, 429, 434, 436, 464, 466, 467, 470,
Repairs .
See also
617, 639, 644, 654, 673, 676.
303,
613,
of ( 1928- 1932),
restoration
roof
173,
569,
670.
683, 687.
shingles
512,
666,
on.
670.
381.
178,
north,
264,
264.
south,
301,
437.
264.
stone,
179, 189.
266, 301, 302,
of,
steps
stoves
in,
students
living
in,
173-
a,
at,
299,
near,
380.
See
272,
273,
676- 677.
sundial
trees
302.
443.
also
Trees.
279,
292,
508,
512.
�INDEX
86.
-
4111
Presidents'
House
of,
value
well at,
continued)
(
664.
1882,
230,
in,
whitewashing
in,
windows
292,
added
wing
268,
240,
354,
See
378,
407, /, V..
393,
231.
xiii-
to,
270,
230,
Whitewashing.
also
438.
602.
xiv,
187, 188, 381, 459.
See also
Bookcases.
Presses, book, 212.
in Blue Room, 354.
Preston,
Mr.,
166,
169- 170.
J.,
656, 659.
Mrs.
Margaret
238.
William, 232, 233,
170.
Rev.
William ( Professor),
of,
yard
Price,
Mr.,
173- a.
262.
Richard,
Priestly, Joseph, 282,
Dr.
Edward
George
Prince
Prince
County,
Prince William.
Princeton,
406.
395,
books
accounts
at,
bound
by
301.
J.,
Pritchen,
Privateers,
Privies,
19,
55-
170-
a,
170-
Dawson,
See
57.
n,
378,
college,
168-
a,
a,
a,
183-
a -
183- c.
183- a 183- c.
183- a.
William
ordered
168-
with,
from,
purchased
charter
522.
292.
Office,
Printing
Prints,
County,
205,
Printers,
283.
285.
255.
County,
437,
Pictures.
Engravings,
also
Pirates.
also
438,
See
169.
439,
440,
443,
444,
459,
674, 675.
440.
brick,
in, 443.
plastering
to, 459.
repairs
439.
shingled,
door
trap
See
Privy
in,
in,
windows
Necessary;
also
Council,
Prizes,
for
440.
438.
145,
students,
Council
Proceedings
of the
Professors,
William &
26,
25,
Necessary
houses.
23.
144,
186,
236,
See
of Maryland,
College,
iii,
243,
280,
293,
340,
342,
360,
475,
647,
480,
558,
564,
672.
567,
582,
654, 663,
dress
exempt
Gen.
of to
donations
of,
Scholarships.
Medals;
41.
v,
vii,
x,
xi,
xiv,
1,
99,
14, / 1.7,
112,
278,
address
also
29, 34, 35, 59, 64, 74, 75, 92, 93, 95, 98,E 100,
136, 137,
138, 140, 141, 142,
131,
124, 128, 130,
161,
148,
152,
174, 175, 176, 177, 180, 184,
149, 150,
194- 195, 195- a, 197, 205, 215, 224, 228, 233, 234, 235,
244, 248, 250, 253- 254, 267, 271, 273, 274, 275, 277,
111,
143,
185,
206.
28,
27,
101,
Mary
196,
Rochambeau,
370,
595,
376,
596,
385,
600,
386,
388,
406,
464,
602,
603,
632,
633,
250- 251.
613.
by,
184.
fran
examinations
3435.
See
274.
levies,
by,
also
Students,
examinations
of.
�INDEX
-
87.
Professors (
favor
fees
continued)
of
removal
of,
fires
184,
and
furnished
fuel
for,
houses
177,
559,
in
in
Revolution,
in
town,
of,
of,
number
174,
of,
praise
194- 195.
1,
25,
See
removal
repairs
made
64,
136,
74,
137,
139,
See
177.
v,
of,
242,
of
149,
184,
195- a,
Apartments.
See also
184.
142,
138,
140,
143,
54, 74, 137,
14, 17,
233, 273, 596, 600, 603, 632, 647, 655.
215,
1,
184,
to
college
President
of ( 1700) ,
William
at
114,
of,
xiv,
177,
Professorships,
Transfer.
See
Masters,
and
74.
and
College,
Mary
141- 143,
25,
232,
233,
234,
236,
277,
278,
281,
148- 150,
266,
273,
683.
309, 315,
284- 285,
232,
233, 234, 236, 237- 238.
in ( 1779) ,
changes
Law &
School;
Modern
Mathematics;
237- 238,
Natural
Protestant
Episcopal
Church,
Protestant
Religion,
259,
Divinity;
Law of Nature
Police;
Languages;
History & Chemistry;
Philosophy.
257,
253- 254,
Chemistry;
Medicine;
Anatomy &
also
Grammar
Fine
and
Arts;
Nations;
Natural
Philosophy;
Oriental Languages;
Philosophy;
Moral
of,
284.
10.
Prussian
Public
351.
399.
hospital,
223,
Public
Instruction,
Pryor,
blue,
in chapel,
242,
395,
iron,
Putty,
of,
xv.
291,
441,
448, 454,
Company,
Dixon,
See
203.
407,
George,
Purdie &
Putnam
395,
Ladd &
Purdie,
Hospitals.
448,
453,
454,
459,
468,
469,
471.
301,
311,
343,
347,
351,
452.
454.
459.
wells,
Purcell,
also
200.
church,
cistern,
in
See
superintendent
181.
Pulpits,
Pumps,
bishop
Mr.,
Puddings,
in
235,
Statutes.
also
74, 75, 98,
340, 388.
xiv,
241,
216,
transportation
See
140- 141,
406.
by,
college,
214,
144,
of.
564.
description
transfer
Apartments
for;
175.
in
salaries
654.
Professorships.
also
concerning,
of,
205,
633,
595,
248.
regulations
of
582,
rooms
vii,
558,
for,
offices
of.
388.
iii,
663.
236,
by,
571.
567,
565,
See
college,
marriage
expenses
177.
x.
in
lodging
lodging
xi.
Students,
also
228.
militia,
rooms
supplied
by,
480,
See
234.
candles
Richmond,
to
college
215,
665.
204.
189.
Wiley &
293,
469.
298,
Putnam.
299,
300,
�88.
INDEX
Quadrangle,
54, 60, 110, 112,
levelling of, 161.
to
plan
designed
building
college
and
enlarge
132-
129,
complete,
n,
op.
iv,
as,
v,
vi,
ix,
vii,
648.
491,
206.
191.
Quadrants,
102.
Quakers,
James,
Quarles,
269.
265,
negro,
34, 188.
Quarters,
Oxford,
149.
Queen' s College,
113, 427.
Queers Creek,
297.
Quicksilver,
123.
163.
Edmund,
Quills,
Quilts,
Quincy,
652.
652.
Quiquedam,
209,
82.
Quitrents,
funds
from
Josiah,
27,
See
paid by
1,
vi,
76,
64,
59,
57,
n,
iii,
college,
114,
5, 18, 20- 23,
115, 116, 117,
24,
118.
235.
137,
135,
for
55-
29- 30,
Kecoughtan.
also
Latin
in
college
iii,
verses,
18,
22,
29,
138,
151,
158- a.
R.
Race
See
170- b.
horses,
for
Racing, prohibited
Racoon
W.,
Radiators
students,
170- b.
37.
skins,
Radford,
Horses.
also
289.
sheet iron,
468.
itabtpaS
iron,
499.
659.
Railroads,
Rails,
187,
fence,
297,
290,
427,
436,
437,
210.
Raisins,
Raleigh,
288,
188.
188,
187,
Rakes,
499.
377,
Railings,
188.
garden,
Sir Walter,
Raleigh
Phi
Tavern,
ix,
at,
Kappa
Beta
at,
students
C.,
Ralston,
M.
Randall,
505,
532.
116.
513.
in
buried
Mr.,
488,
ix.
301.
Colonel,
Lady,
647.
374.
S.,
538.
Henry
Randolph,
of,
301,
bust
167,
chapel,
427.
234.
Bishop
Edmund,
A.
I:.,
204,
488,
description
oration
Harry,
109.
Henry, 105.
489.
272- 273,
by,
of
506,
college
204.
513,
by,
549.
272- 273.
438,
440,
445,
666.
�INDEX
89.
-
Randolph
J.
(
continued)
W.,
560,
562.
151,
503, 505, 506,
649, 682.
511,
viii,
in
aids
buried
226-
513,
514,
538,
549,
151,
College,
of
427,
a,
152.
506,
513,
160,
514,
512,
511,
153- 154,
155.
682.
550,
682.
new,
427,
of,
505,
513.
538,
286,
John " of Roanoke",
of in
206,
college,
226-
225,
549.
538,
John ( attorney
general), 170, 200, 506, 513,
506, 513, 538, 549.
buried in chapel,
Peyton,
620
550,
505,
503,
Masters,
President &
to from
viii,
to,
tablet
room
427,
a,
549,
instructions
wife
160,
226-
viii,
chapel,
620.
in
155,
Transfer
obtaining
538;
154,
153,
512,
152,
John,
Sir
548,
572- 573.
492.
opp.
488,
a,
506,
503,
513,
549,
587.
chapel,
in
buried
226-
225,
a,
506,
503,
538,
513,
548,
549.
488.
to,
tablet
548.
206.
visitor,
506, 549.
Mrs. Peyton,
R.,
412.
Richard,
249, 426, 431.
student,
Robert,
217.
William,
of
Ann,
G.,
( Ratli. ff),
53,
54,
77,
102.
94,
77.
102.
50,
194.
301.
300,
293.
Gideon,
304,
294,
Rawlins
94.
Mr.,
50,
Burgesses,
of
college,
River,
Robert,
Ravines,
26,
25,
of House
trustee
Rappahannock
Ratcliff
6,
5,
3,
clerk
305.
300.
363.
Company,
on &
Razors,
desk,
189,
191.
163.
Reading
183,
200.
B.,
Reardon,
Henry
Rebuilding of
Records
See
Records
424.
building,
college
76,
colony,
General
Assembly,
of Virginia
also
cf_ William
354,
315,
Wren
See
77, 84,
records
86,
511,
491,
College,
512,
514,
515,
511, 512,
598.
514,
515.
v,
656- 657.
burned ( 1705)
extant
mutilated,
120.
1729,
from
491.
354.
saved ( 1859),
xii,
saved ( 1862),
xiii,
97,
rebuilding
101.
of.
xii,
Mary
and
Building,
xiii,
579,
90,
593,
120,
595,
176,
598,
of..
�INDEX
-
90.
of William &
Rectors,
54,
53,
81,
27,
17,
College,
Mary
66,
55,
47,
34,
32,
30,
49,
122,
110,
112,
94, 97, 101, 102,
520, 524, 530,
195- a, 236, 242,
85,
194,
124, 151- 152 & n.,
544, 565, 582, 627, 663.
elected,
how
named
in
27,
charter,
49.
27.
158.
Officer" ( play),
The Recruiting
Reedwood, Mr.,
113.
T. M.,
Reeve,
568.
555,
Refugees,
582,
583.
15th Virginia,
580.
Regiments,
President,
Reid,
Andrew,
Rent
2$ 9,
239.
290,
292.
76.
rolls,
at William &
Repairs,
161,
177,
206,
256,
210,
291,
293305,
330,
258,
304,
327,
385,
477,
498,
642,
671,
See
424,
471,
497,
643,
673-
to;
Repiton,
157,
397,
435,
429,
379, 380, 381, 384,
377,
415, 418,
409, 411, 413,
458, 459- 460,
445, 447, 450,
491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496,
600, 638, 640, 641,
597,
599,
654, 663, 665, 666, 668, 669,
376,
406,
374,
399,
436,
481,
485,
483,
547,
500,
501,
499,
644, 650, 651, 652,
674, 675, 676, 677, 678,
681.
House;
President'
s
633,
635,
Wren
Building -
repairs
294.
House
Representatives,
Restoration
of
college
of,
634,
buildings (
651.
1928- 1932),
xv,
683.. 684,
687.'
20- 21, 22, 24, 37,
54, 55, 69, 90,
114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 124, 130,
91- 92, 94, 112,
158, 159,
140- 141,
144, 155- 156, 157,
135- 136, 138, 139,
for
Duties;
195,
233, 235, 236, 237,
William & Mary College,
War,
ix-
x,
for
192- lb,
a,
also
Revolutionary
coller''
18,
17,
college,
claims
192See
156,
a,
305.
304.
Revenues
102,
197-
xiv,
rebuilding.
Mr.,
J.,
373,
390,
Brafferton;
also
xii,
188,
187,
366,
38e,
425,
479,
387,
423,
ix,
200,
195- a,
194, 195,
230,
231,
252,
227,
211,
213, 219, 224, 226,
290,
288, 289,
270- 271,
268,
275,
259,
264- 265,
298, 299, 300, 301- 302, 303,
294, 295, 296, 297,
306, 3071 308, 309, 310, 312, 313, 320- 321, 326,
331, 335, 336, 337, 343, 346, 347, 358, 359,
186,
365,
363- 364,
College,
Mary
e
xi,
losses
222- 255,
in,
x-
273,
funds
277,
285.
for.
590, 650.
265, 431, 461- 463,
247, 249, 265, 431, 461- 463,
xi,
650.
Rich
Neck",
33,
George,
Richards,
Mr.,
Richardson,
336,
Holt,
R.
47. n,
58.
52.
397.
383,
367.
662.
G.,
Robert
Richmond,
Va.,
293,,
399,
400.
254,
239, 253,
314, 315, 316,
310,
303,
431, 521, 522, 523, 525,
xi- xii,
297,
416,
234,
659.
capital
college
moved
lots
to ( 1779- 1780),
in,
374.
xi.
257,
272,
273,
280,
290,
317,
319,
532,
320,
542,
374,
395,
596,
598,
526,
�INDEX
91.
Richmond,
Va. (
continued)
of William &
removal
1824)
596,
1865)
at
proposed,
university
Richmond
Enquirer,
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
386,
to
561,
317,
Ritchie,
Mr.,
model
366.
Company,
365,
541.
David,
Alfred
of
elevation
W.
C.,
Roads,
See
650.
Robbins,
of,
John
Gums.
L.,
613,
building
616,
666.
op. 604.
by,
106,
college,
107,
111,
194,
346,
247,
359,
594.
359,
363,
366.
365,
Randolph'
home,
s
See
Drains.
also
572- 573.
Mr.,
329.
William D.
Roberts,
Robertson,
Jr., &
576.
572,
Company,
84, 96, 109.
300- 301.
94,, 99- 100, 146.
Mr.,
Powhatan,
William,
lobe,
Robinson,
253.
146,
Mr.,
S.,
Alfred,
C.
508.
175,
498.
368.
685.
M.,
Christopher,
3,
8,
7,
5,
9,
11,
13,
25,
26,
182.
Eustace,
349.
Francis,
163.
John,
170,
183- b,
304,
305,
349.
books
purchased by, 183- b.
Thomas,
183- b.
books purchased 1• y, 183- b.
William, 85, 99.
William M.,
360, 361, 362, 363.
Wyndham,
letters
N. Y.,
Rockefeller,
Roe,
241,
245,
246,
John
Roffey
D.,
Jr.,
xv,
op.
162,
318,
19.
Captain,
Dr.,
250- 251,
431.
683.
83.
Captain.,
Ca tain,
Rogers,
de),
of professors to, 25G- 251.
of, 245,
246 ( tr.), 431.
address
Rochester,
659.
General ( Count
Rochambeau,
Rockets,
273;
525;
Roads adjoining college.
also
271.
238.
604, 606,
college
adjoining
366,
365,
draining
A.
320; ( 1859)
319,
562.
Roanoke, "
Robin,!
1792)
238,
by proposed,
Col.
Rives,
(
431.
571.
Rickards,
Samuel,
183, 201.
Rickman, Dr. William, 224, 226.
Riddick,
Ro.,
347.
Mr.,
519.
Ridley,
Rifles, 83, 575.
See also
Firearms;
Jo.,
5.
Ring,
Rittenhouse,
considered,
661.
Foundary,
Road,
Stove
College
Mary
314, 315,
316,
598; ( 1879) 659.
323,
lectures
84.
326, 328,
325- 326.
325,
of,
Professor,
337, 351,
Patrick Kerr,
529.
360,
361,
330,
335.
362,
371.
683,
684, 687.
363,
�INDEX
-
92.
( continued)
William Barton,
Rogers
564.
558,
544,
532, 540- 541,
529,
by, 532, 544, 558, 564.
purchased
on by students,
368- 369.
assault
529.
of Williamsburg by,
description
368- 368,
apparatus
of,
letters
president
of President'
cf
See
Building,
152-
313,
321,
340,
440,
484,
573,
574,
499, 511,
589,
575,
663,
665.. 666,
a,
chapel,
148,
defects
President' s House.
also
345,
n.,
542,
422.
a,
307, 313, 346,
303,
Bldg.),
663, 665- 666, 672, 674.
644,
642,
640,
558,
563,
564,
568,
346.
flat,
440.
hip,
leaks
in,
painted,
repairs
sheet
313,
346.
See
defects
also
in.
345.
See
slating
tin an,
also
188,
187,
to,
lead
shingles
in
307,
303,
572.
for,
tuber
in
152-
644,
674, 684.
in ( Wren
See
Brafferton.
also
107, 108, 109,
66, 105, 106,
276, 277, 278, 287, 303, 307,
245,
346, 365, 374, 375, 377, 398, 413, 422,
8, 563,
564, 568, 572,
541,
529,
563,
564, 5 48, 5 42,
55 ,
594, 599,
,
55 &
51,
54,
187, 188,
148,
Rooms,
532..
Professor.
188.
sheds,
of Wren
400,
House,
s
See
598.
529,
Technology,
Rogers,
also
594,
660.
423,
of
Institute
See
532.
Brafferton_, 4. 22,
of
540- 541.
532,
529,
professor,
Roof,
529,
of Massachusetts
on,
109,
149,
205,
224,
245,
282,
309,
329,
348,
363,
542, 574,
321, 666.
602,
604,
440.
375,
374,
606,
640,
607,
666,
672,
674.
Slate.
Shingles;
337,
150,
368, 673.
367,
508, 512, 660, 666, 670.
264, 507,
Building, v, vi, 74, 75, 79, 80, 84, 90- 91, 94, 95, 96,
106, 109, 110,
113,
97- a, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105,
48,
122,
124, 125, 129, 131, 133, 143- 144, 147,
123,
176, 177, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 192- a,
175,
171,
206, 209, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222,
op,
242- 243,
226- a, 227, 228, 230, 231, 233, 234- a, 239, 241,
246, 256, 257, 262, 264, 265, 268, 274- 275, 277, 280, 281,
289,
310,
331,
349,
365,
s
House,
229,
290,
294,
295,
296,
312,
332,
315,
316,
317,
334,
335,
354,
368,
336,
350,
366,
352,
367,
381,
355,
369,
388,
408,
454,
384, 386,
401, 403, 407,
438, 439, 440, 443, 4 4, 4,
487, 489, 492, 493,
481, 483,
382,
399,
398.
340,/' 365,
188,
187,
of,
President'
97,
114,
377,
Shingles.
also
Brafferton,
in Wren
346,
398.
for,
383,
400,
299,
319,
337,
301,
322,
356,
357,
373,
374,
389,
390,
422,
458,
410,
457,
494,
340,
496,
307,
302- a, 303,
326, 327,
323- 324, 325,
341, 343, 344, 347,
358, 360, 361, 362,
302,
375, 377, 378, 381,
395, 396, 397, 398,
427., 428, 436, 437,
460, 469, 471, 477, 478,
502,
49 7, 499, 500, 501,
�INDEX
-
93.
Rooms ( Wren
505,
Building)
506, 507, 510,
524,
526,
558,
564,
613,
527,
580,
620,
617,
675,
672,
continued:
513,
539,
514,
515,
517,
519,
523,
540,
544,
549,
585,
586,
604,
645,
587,
646,
548,
602,
635,
541,
591,
650,
664,
666,
511,
512,
533,
537,
584,
630,
532,
582,
622,
594,
651,
679- 680.
395,
396, 493, 494, 548- 549,
basement.
Wren Building,
See Blue Room.
alterations
in,
basement,
558.
See
Roam
Blue
Chapel.
Chapel,
Chemical
See
675.
cleaning
of,
council
388,
324,
410,
423,
454,
510,
524,
617,
533,
672,
Laboratory.
also
room,
convocation
401,
400,
room,
471.
124.
444,
122,
v,
275.
school,
395, 396.
166,
186, 233.
See also
Ccahunons;
181- a,
for commons,
185,
for dancing school,
123.
See also
for societies.
for debating society,
4.78.
See also
226- a.
for divinity school,
Divinity School.
chamber,
classical
for
for
Franklinian
for
Grammar
for
housekeeper,
See
Society,
School,
148,
350.
349,
Grammar
See
186,
Meals.
187,
216301
School.
217,
218,
227,
302- a, 316, 317,
515,
517,
513,
514,
604, 613, 617, 622,
231.
Housekeeper.
also
for
infirmary,
for
kitchen,
209,
205,
179,
See
678,
681.
Kitchens.
See
Laboratory
for
laboratory,
for
lectures,
See
Lecture rooms.
for
library,
See
Library,
location
of.
110,
114,
133,
149,
209,
275,
277,
290,
348,
518,
357,
397,
533,
398,
548,
399,
549,
423,
551,
493,
511,
302 512,
558,
564,
594,
527,
675.
for
for
literary
109,
98,
See
societies,
110,
for
114,
museum,
nurses.
for
president
See
of
rooms
143,
149, 175,
129, 133,
Mathematic
roan.
See also
See
290.
for
for
societies.
Professors,
123,
221.
mathematics,
for
Apartments;
flee
masters,
also
96,
Blair,
James,
rooms
secretary'
s
of.
110,
of,
description
for
224.
Museum.
See
college,
109,
99,
177,
Nurses.
149.
133,
134, 129, 133,
v,
xiv,
for professors,
74, 75, 98, 114, 149, 184,
527,
549.
340,
214, 215, 216, 241,
v,
for.
176,
195-
a,
205,
184.
office,
97- a.
98, 106, 125, 129, 133, 224.
for societies,
349, 350, 478, 493, 494, 497, 501, 515, 518, 527,
See also
Franklinian Society;
551,
558, 564, 604, 613.
549,
for
servants,
for
speaker,
for
students,
96,
Philomathean
149,
257,
171,
299,
301,
337,
336,
259,
106,
Society; Phoenix Society.
109.
302,
143,
109- 110, 129, 133,
144,
93, 105,
256,
234- a, 239,
209, 217, 218, 224, 233,
288, 289, 294,
277, 279- 280, 281, 282,
274- 275,
326, 327, 329, 331,
319, 323- 324, 325,
310, 315,
340,
341,
v,
185,
268,
xii,
192-
xiii,
a,
352,
356,
357,
358,
360,
362,
363,
365,
366,
�INDEX
Roans
94.
-
(
continued)
for
students
580,
403,
493,
630,
483,
632,
See
visitors'
Hall,
Halls,
322,
Great Hall.
halls
Wren Building,
See
Jefferson'
s plan
of ( 1773)
location
in,
s House.
of.
206..
op.
548- 549.
209; ( 1859)
374,
347,
philosophical,
See
375.
395,
396, 400, 401, 410,
school,
533,
617,
672,
rooms.
Philosophy
177, 274, 275,
also
323, 324, 329, 331, 334,
469, 471, 487, 499, 622.
388, 458, 460,
354, 369, 383, 493, 497, 501, 549, 613, 617.
171,
concerning,
rules
496.
478.
chapel,
r
pa... titicns
675.
of,
op.
President'
Hotel;
340.
349, 355.
meetings,
See
of exterior,
picture
College
2$ 9,
231,
228,
177,
usher,
for
644, 673.
49 ;
op.
Brafferton;
also
for
496,
of,
picture
aver
407,
399,
487,
397,
370, 376, 377, 384, 387, 3$ 8, 389, 390,
408, 428, 457, 458, 460, 469, 471, 481,
497, 499, 501, 512, 515, 527, 539, 540,
continued)
(
356, 357,
341,
97- a,
second floor,
188, 216, 217,
store,
219.
282,
349,
84,
349.
floor,
third
84,
upper,
at
Whitewashing,
See
Blue
Hall;
Great
Rope,
Robert,
411.
See
also
room;
Corridors;
Passages.
101.
Rose,
399,
Common
Roan;
Kitchens;
Halls;
388,
526.
college.
Apartments;
also
493,
268,
231,
230,
227,
whitewashed,
386,
Rosewell, "
167.
173- a.
Rostrums,
336,
Rowland &
Bros.,
Bros.,
Rowland
William,
Rowlatt,
J.,
Wm. &
192.
Royal
Academy,
Rubbing stones,
and
263.
Paris,
56.
406.
Edmund,
Ruffin,
183.
201.
J.,
W. &
Rules
361.
576.
460.
Statutes;
See
regulations
regulations concerning.
158,
152- b,
136,
135,
Rum,
83,
Rus
sell,
rules and
163.
Bob,
Robert,
Russia,
393.
295, 304,
Students,
305.
to
said
charter
in,
be
272.
S.
Sacrament
Saddle
220 &
210,
215.
cup,
horses,
Saddles,
163.
309,
Safes, 291,
St.
Asaph,
St.
James'
St.
Luke'
See
310.
Transcripts,
Sainsbury
Bishop
s
Day,
Day,
n.
of,
also
See
1- 2,
14,
also
4.
15.
144,
195- a.
144,
195-
a.
Horses;
Riding- horses.
Strongboxes.
�INDEX
-
95.
St.
Paul'
s
St.
Paul'
s
London),
(
Church,
( Russia),
Petersburg
St.
543.
Rochester,
Salamanders,
468.
Salaries
See
683.
272.
Masters,
Salem,
287,
Mass.,
of,
Salisbury, Bishop
Salisbury,
L.,
Salusbury,
508
Thomas,
661.
231,
401,
230,
Mr.,
Sands,
19.
15,
178.
Saltpeter,
Samson,
of.
528.
Lewis,
Sand,
14,
15.
England,
4/ 42,
536,
455,
443,
605,
547,
545,
606.
438.
332,
468.
J.
Johnson,
399,
Thomas,
290,
Thomas,
Jr.,
Sands &
Coles,
Sands &
Company,
402, 403.
321, 331.
331.
460.
467.
604, 605,
Santos & Company, 607.
Santos, Walke &
Company,
Indians,
147.
Saponi
125.
Sash glass,
Window- sash.
See
76.
Sashing,
See
for
accounts
new
256.
375,
Robert,
of,
mayor,
212,
213,
200,
by,
building,
219,
210,
251,
224,
211,
212,
370.
213,
219.
224.
625.
522,
letter
Windows.
222,
186- 188,/ 263.
with,
accounts
211,
repairs
for
undertaker
Glass;
also
Saunders, Miss, 183.
210,
206,
Mr.,
200,
John,
567.
555,
423.
painted,
window,
623, 628,
69.
See also Glass.
of,
Bishop
Sarum,
535,
621,
620,
618,
614,
546,
603,
Santos ( Santus) & Bros.,
637, 641, 650, 655.
Sash,
salary of;
President,
of;
salaries
salaries
288.
Professors,
466.
522.
president
of
college
(
1846- 1848)
xi,
267,
658.
428,
429,
430,
431, 433,
375, 379, 381, 384, 387, 393,
professor of mathematics,
400, 403, 405, 406, 407, 412, 418, 422, 423, 424, 426,
431.
625, 631, 638.
house,
625, 631, 638, 640,
to Miss Wootten,
669.
430,
Mrs.
Saunders
sold
Savage,
Robert,
Richard,
Thomas,
Sawyers,
Scaffolds,
Scales,
and
57.
611.
56,
Rev.
606.
57,
440.
183,
187,
weights,
great,
187.
221.
221.
642,
667,
669.
�INDEX
-
96.
Sealion, James,
298, 299.
186,
238, 350,
Scantling,
Scarborough,
Jid.
470,
8
See
422, 442, 444.
474, 475, 476.
25, 26, 53, 54.
Lumber.
alpo
3, qqP,
3,
Scarborough.
See
Charles,
Scarburg
Scepter,
,
83.
Frederick,
542.
Schoepf, Johann David,
257.
viii,
1,
16, 25,
Scholars,
81, 85, 95, 96, 97,
Schacht,
49,
54, 69, 70, 74, 75, 79, 80,
101,
110,
111,
99, 100,
103,
109,
137, 141,
125, 129, 130, 131, 133,
143, 144, 146, 148, 150,
158,
158- a, 171, 185, 235,
out of masters
See " Barring out" of masters.
barring
by
foundation,
free,
of,
144.
143.
kinds
34,
98,
143.
living
in
number
of,
74, 75, 95, 96, 109, 143, 185.
See also
85, 158- a.
Students,
college,
viii,
number
25,
of.
143.
pay,
rules
See
143.
concerning,
of, 171.
Students,
also
rules
concerning.
sickness
See
85.
by,
verses
See
Latin
also
School,
Grammar
also
verses.
scholars
in;
90, 97, 126- 127, 132,
192- 192- a,
235, 48 6, 645.
Rev.
James Blair, 164.
given by
126- 127.
given by General Assembly,
76,
Scholarships,
given by Francis Nicholson,
hoer awarded,
192- 192- a.
School,
in
held
Schoolhouses,
iv,
See
164.
Grammar
for
Grammar
also
Schoolrooms,
xiv,
iv,
56,
vi,
xiv.
Schoolmasters,
14, 16,
for Indians, 147.
See
Books,
also
School,
School,
Matty
for
vi,
97,
building ( 1884),
college
Schoolbooks,
76,
48,
ee
54,
Master;
145,
Indian
146,
See
667.
text..
110,
116.
56,
110,
116.
Matty School.
64, 85, 111,
57,
147,
165.
Indian Master.
378,
also
Anatomy
also
a Medicine;
ix,
x,
25,
Chemistry; Divinity; Fine Arts;
Mathematics;
Moral Philosophy;
Modern
Languages;
Natural Philosophy; Philosophy.
Grammar School.
Indian School.
Law and
Police;
parish,
134.
562.
Schools,
Schriver
a
Ernmelt,
64.
Scotchmen,
i, 10,
Scotland,
24,
Scott, Mrs.,
671.
James, 368.
James M.,
362.
Mrs.
scholars
172- n,
11. 5- 146.
387, 510.
Grammar School,
rooms
for.
in William & Mary College,
Schools,
iii, v, vi, vii,
141- 143, 148- 150,
232,
237- 238.
233, 236,
See
school,
164,
L.
S.
E.,
208.
601, 609.
in.
�IN]) EX
-
97.
Scott ( continued)
Leonard & Company,
Peter, 189.
Scrapers,
447.
Screening
See
482,
483.
Wire netting.
Screwdrivers,
452.
Screws, 437,
452, 453.
Scribner,
Charles & Company,
Scrolls,
towers,
an
611,
615,
650.
xii,
13,
568.
594.
567,
Scrubbing
knife,
351.
George,
151.
Seal,
for William & Mary College,
176, 512, 549, 595,
650.
box for, 32.
cost of ( 1696/ 7),
57.
Seagood,
mentioned
in
1859,
xii,
saved,
1862,
130,
137,
595.
Sealing
512.
183-.c.
188,
437.
wax,
Seats,
186,
for
masters,
See
also
188.
Benches;
of Virginia,
Secretary
of
office
in
of,
Forms;
30,
Seeds,
college,
garden,
books presented
house
of,
6port
of
125,
133,
202,
217,
298,
301,
511,
appointment
exempt
17,
144,
218,
336,
515,
of
344,
in
69,
163,
219,
356,
645,
360,
levies,
192- a.
156.
of
of
usher,
163.
for,
for,
188.
17.
361,
654, 674.
college,
and professors,
students,
177.
quarters
375.
375.
90, 91, 94, 95,
171,
172,
165,
224, 228, 233,
96.
from
master
salary
xi,
177.
for,
298.
clothes
361, 19,
635.
for,
English,
342,
306.
Sermons,
204.
Servants,
College,
510,
340,
342.
an
247.
revolutionary claims,
college claims for losses in.
315.
War,
Va.,
Senate,
391.
335,
by,
of law,
professor
U.
S.,
431, 462,
Senate,
board
Pews.
34- n, 77, 83, 109,
77, 86, 90, 101, 109.
101,
113.
208, 2A2.
Sempel,
Churchill,
424.
Semple, Mr.
397.
James,
290, 389,
390,
Judge James,
xi, 330,
records
of
57,
32,
26.
charter,
saved,
26,
177.
365,
See
96,
177,
234399,
also
97,
98,
181a,
a,
252,
415,
Revolutionary
99,
188,
192-
291,
293,
428,
107,
458,
193,
294,
471,
a,
�INDEX
-
Settee,
98.
294.
Sewers,
See also
363, 364.
Drains.
Sextants,
271.
Seymour, '' Attorney- General;
259- 260.
Sheds, 186, 188, 265.
floor
Sheet
186.
of,
lead,
411.
Sheeting, 183.
Sheets,
163,
Sheldon,
See
292.
Bedding.
also
C.,
Jacob
419.
Jacob & Company, 351.
Sheldon &
8mnpany, 337.
Sheldon &
Maupin,
Shelldrakes,
Shells,
56,
Shelton,
406, 411,
399,
415,
421,
452,
453.
218.
57.
J.
S.,
284.
Shelves,
187, 188, 290, 440.
Sheriffs, 2, 39, 49, 68, 70.
of James City County,
39,
Sherlock, Mr.,
31, 39.
James, 56.
Sherwin,
John, 166- 167.
Sherwood, William, 3.
49,
68,
70.
Forest, " 509,
515,
524.
Shields, Mr.,
209.
291.
William,
Shingler,
Colonel,
594.
for William &
Shingles,
Mary College, 51, 54, 57, 109, 187, 188,
288, 291,
293, 295, 302, 304, 305, 340, 345, 346, 347, 363,
365,
374, 375, 377, 380,
381, 402, 413, 414, 415, 418, 422,
See also
423, 439, 440, / E41,
444, 451, 457.
Roof.
See also
303, 304.
Shingles.
Shingling,
Sherwood
Ships,
84.
Shirts,
Shoes,
Short,
Shot,
180,
184,
217.
213,
211.
248.
Mr.,
100.
73,
Shotguns,
575.
Randolph
Shotwell,
Shovels,
124,
coal,
161,
See
163,
Guns;
also
Abott,
Firearms.
585.
447,
454,
465.
447.
124.
fire,
Earl
Shrewsbury,
Shurtleff,
of,
Harold
Rom,
46.
685.
Shutters,
186,
187, 438, 439, 449.
See also
Sick,, care
of, 171,
181,
181- a, 218,
219.
See also
Nurses.
Infirmary;
649.
Philip, 215.
Sideboards,
Sidney,
279,
Sir
Signboards,
Silk
383.
184.
355.
clothes,
Silkworms,
Silliman,
Dr.,
419.
Blinds.
�INDEX
99.
Dana,
Silliman &
Sills,
Silver
plate,
Mr.,
567.
457.
Simmons,
344.
489.
P.,
M.
Simons,
620.
William,
Simpkins,
313
Simpson,
Jchn,
101.
Sincock,
John,
80.
Capt.
Singleton,
Sink,
lead;
402.
664, 665,
J.,
Sinton
C.
Site
College,
of
Skimin
c,
35- 37,
106.
Skins
92,
Furs,
and
62,
Slate,
ii,
duty
See
155,
574,
672,
8,
9,
also
13, 17, 25, 32, 33- 34,
Land, for College.
222.
on,
157,
6- 7,
1,
556.
roof,
for
668.
iii,
Alexander,
Dr.
Skinner,
259.
Anthony,
iii,
35- 37,
237,
40,
38,
235,
601,
236,
602,
604, 605,
217,
218,
233,
54.,
58,
55,
59- 60,
277.
606,
635,
640,
663,
674.
168- a.
Slate- pencils,
P.,
Slater,
614.
Slaters,
542, 563.
168- a.
Slates,
614.
Slating,
134- 135, 216,
duty on, 134- 135.
Slaves,
of,
names
See
also
18,
Sloops,
Small,
Professor
235,
252,
336.
Servants.
78.
Cwilliam],
173-
purchased by,
purchased by, 183-
apparatus
books
a,
235- a.
Negroes;
437.
48,
Sleepers,
234-
description
of
college
183-
180,
a,
1767,
184,
a,
190.
190- 191.
a.
by ( 1765),
184.
in• E igland,
184.
a
173=: , 180, 183- a.
Williamsburg,
191.
Smallpox,
in Williamsburg,
189- a & n.,
Morgan J.,
Professor
Smead,
435, 459, 460, 480,
in
Smith,
Captain,
Lieut.
Mr.,
a,
Mr. &
Mrs.,
Mrs.,
217,
E.,
John,
499.
122.
536.
216,
Granville,
Cam,
227.
94.
3,
5,
7,
inoculations
land
John
591.
370.
175,
219.
Christopher,
E.
11.
Colonel,
173-
481,
of
Adams,
8,
11,
by,
proposed
333.
13,
25,
26,
189-
a &
for
college,
53,
54,
n.
7,
13.
189—
a.
496,
500.
666„
�INDEX
100.
-
Smith. ( continued)
John
Dr.
president ( 1814- 1826),
Augustine,
301,
320,
307,
657.
303,
322,
298,
of,
address
of
description
Lawrence,
6,
5,
312,
xi,
298,
313,
314,
299,
3 5,
300,
316,
299.
college
303,
by,
307,
309.
57.
3,
Rebecca,
311,
7.
4,
679.
Patrick,
310,
309,
410.
370, 383,
366, 368.
Kennon,
Richard
J.,
Robert
William,
390,
399.
William,
Rev.
225.
399, 406, 408, 409, 410, 411.
Smith,
Dunker & Morris, 414, 416, 417, 418, 427.
Smithfield, Va.,
222.
Smith &
Palmer,
Smiths'
work,
See
311.
Institution,
Smithsonian
106,
Smokehouses,
107,
Brafferton,
for
also
Blacksmiths
432, 433.
111,
264, 409,
accounts.
436, 442,
472,
601.
409.
436.
old,
F.
Smyth,
J.
Snead,
Mr.,
D.,
257.
526.
615.
565,
583, 603, 606,
510,
Thomas. ,
521, 523,
524, 526, 528.
519,
Professor,
Prof.
163.
Snuffers,
Frederick,
Snyder,
542.
351.
Soap,
Soapstone,
448.
Society
Society
the Gospel,
Propagating
for
halls,
497,
494,
493,
527,
120.
549,
551,
604,
613,
617,
631,
638.
furniture
for,
See
Franklinian
also
Sockets,
Man,
South
Carolina,
Southall,
A.
Mr .,
G.,
638.
Philomathean
Society;
Phoenix
372.
563.
ii,
296.
594,
595.
399.
Albert,
397.
410.
Albert
G.,
George
W.,
Mary
T.,
434.
591.
Southampton" (
The
B.,
Temperance,
of
Sons
497,
Society;
255.
of,
Bishop
Robert
Somerville,
494,
512.
candle,
Sodor &
493,
Southern
ship),
Southern
Association
Southern
Literary
Mr.,
Scuthsea,
Southwark,
57.
Spanish
brown,
351.
for
the
Messenger,
161.
3.
Spades,
84.
Argus ( Norfolk),
406,
Benefit
611.
538,
of
541,
547.
Widows &
Orphans,
651.
Society.
�INDEX
1110
-
101.
House
Speakers,
lodging
college
S.,
John
Spencer,
12,
1705),
(
81,
31, 69,
106, 109.
Burgesses
of
in
87,
106,
121,
84,
124, 125,
400, 425,
109,
156.
501- 502.
677.
William, 667.
R.
Lee,
Spices,
178.
Spire,
of
Spoon ;
See
277.
college,
Spirits,
Cupola.
also
340.
178.
silver,
Lt.
Spotswood,
486,
to,
131,
129,
a,
518,
517,
address
Alexander,
Gov.
127, 128-
548,
118,
vi,
132,
147,
556,
552,
120,
119,
162 &
151,
619,
649.
127.
162 & n.,
425, 486,
given college by,
of college,
directs rebuilding
548, 552.
of to mountains,
151.
expedition
books
Spurr,
of,
162 &
Mr.,
Spurrs,
Stable
118,
of,
letters
will
119,
121,
120,
518,
619.
370,
388,
128- a.
125,
124,
517,
n.
189.
163.
silver,
355.
178, 179, 186, 187,
Stables,
189,
doom of, 186,
187,
440, 441.
lock for,
187.
yard,
loft
of,
178,
s,
441, 443.
179, 189.
179.
439.
179.
on,
shingles
Stage,
440,
of,
dimensions
in,
stalls
439,
440.
president'
Stage--
n.,
360.
427.
coaches,
Staircases,
209,
dormitory,
549.
87,
main,
Stairs,
80,
354, 438,
209.
89,
84,
549.
439,
97,
105,
109,
209,
296,
363,
422,
428.
back,
105.
dormitory, 209.
great, 109.
kitchen,
89, 97,
264.
209.
new,
80.
private,
old,
209.
See
Stairways,
Standards,
Stanford,
Stanton,
Stairways;
499, 585,
English,
82, 83.
John Bennett,
159- n.
4U1,
493,
Rebecca.
William,
Staples,
Staircases;
also
220-
n.
220- n.
176,
447,
Starch,
Poland,
Starke,
Mr.,
453,
178.
224.
454.
See
586.
also
Steps.
See
also
Gooch,
Staircases;
Lady.
Stairs.
�INDEX
102.
Jamestown,
Statehouse,
vi.
See also
82, 83.
183201, 168- a, 183- a Stationery,
Botetourt Statue.
See
Statue
Capitol.
Williamsburg,
Statutes
195-
a,
in
mentioned
to
power
and
215,
232,
233,
234,
356,
331,
330,
25,
236,
26,
192- b,
a,
91- 92,
195,
274 275, 303,
470- 471, 499.
458, 460,
26.
13, 14,
176 & n.
17,
25,
26,
192.
389.
Steers,
Stepladders,
See
187.
President'
at
264.
301,
north,
stone,
at
192- 192-
change,
printed by Wm. Parks,
printed 1727, 141- 145.
printed 1758, 176- 177.
Steps,
177,
25,
charter,
make
17,
14,
176,
326,
323, 324,
of, 197.
binding
315,
13,
152,
145, 148,
197, 197- a,
141-
112,
397.
2,
College,
Mary
William &
of
c,
Wren
266,
264,
301,
302,
437.
302.
231,
264, 318, 341, 344,
193,
439, 441, 443, 445, 447, 453,
437,
424,
411,
186.
186,
131,
Building,
388,
back,
Ladders.
also
House,
s
357,
456,
493.
411.
chapel,
entrance,
131.
264, 443.
424.
granite,
front,
hall, 264.
493.
264.
south,
264.
new,
north,
453.
443,
stone,
See
424,
also
Staircases;
William,
Steptoe,
621.
Stevens, S. A.,
Steward, Professor, 355.
175,
Stewards, of College,
328- 329, 331,
366, 367, 369,
397,
497,
398,
498,
Stairs;
See
400,
538,
371,
408,
559,
432, 467, 477,
Steward'
s
House,
559,
Hotel,
559,
358,
460,
467,
Mr.,
565,
567.
See
also
Steward' s House.
565.
565,
547, 554, 559,
355, 371, 377, 650.
contribution
by, 650.
355, 371, 377.
professor,
A. T.,
546, 609.
467.
James Van Dyke,
Samuel,
390.
538,
Stewart,
234,
328- 329.
house
College
Stewart.
234- a, 251, 275, 323, 325,,
340, 346, 350, 355, 357, 358, 359,
378, 381, 383, 387, 388, 392, 395, 396,
409, 432, 458, 467, 469, 471, 477, 494,
594, 667, 673, 677.
581,
573,
567,
565,
233,
36, 337,
against,
in
also
208,
complaints
for,
Stairways.
216.
468, 470, 471, 472,
567, 569, 582.
473,
481,
494,
�INDEX
-
103.
Ezra,
Stiles,
237- 238,
259,
266.
170- b,
171.
250,
381, AO.
Stillingfleet,
Dr.,
15.
Stith,
Mrs.,
148, 152- a.
William, viii, 152- a,
Stiles,
viii,
1752- 1755),
president (
170- b,
171.
181- a.
Stocking- mender,
211.
Stockings,
Stocks, 217.
C.
Stone,
F,
400,
Stones,
drills
for,
steps,
for
301, 302.
s,
417.
Haliburton'
447.
56.
paving,
56.
rubbing,
628.
Stonework,
622,
Storehouse,
224.
188, 216,
Storeroom,
378,
Storm ( 1834),
Story,
418.
402,
111.
Stonecutter;
217,
219.
387.
102.
328,
Stove- pipe,
295,
Stoves,
295, 298,
424,
423,
alp,
44/ f,
cooking,
132,
484,
401, 43 2, 418, 454.
328; 7344, 366, 397,
450, 454, 468, 512, 554,
400,
299,
310,
400,
568,
419,
422,
674.
454.
Streets,
529.
489,
Stringboard,
439.
Stringfellow,
Charles S.,
488.
Stringluff & Gallagher,
604.
Strong
boxes,
Strother,
Stuart,
A.
309,
David
Mr.,
310.
662.
H.,
209.
T. &
554.
Company,
Archibald,
299.
281.
David.,
Stubbs,
S.,
John
Thomas J.,
Stucco,
644,
Students,
at
Stewart.
615.
William &
201-
to,
assignments
awards
also
666.
90, 93,
630.
attack
See
372.
Mary
a,
224,
College,
226,
18,
69,
259,
250,
70,
273,
71,
296,
72,
82,
484,
85,
507,
179.
rdener
g.
by, 221.
to, 192,
192- a,
192- b,
206,
on
164,
books
183-
196,/
a -
See
183- c.
220.
also
Prizes.
purchased by,
See
expenses
of.
paid by
Meals.
See
for;
meals
in college
boarding
298, 356.
in town,
277, 279,
237, 239, 257, 275,
boarding
books used in courses by, 284,
356, 365, 407, 507, 508, 509,
See also ' Books,
text.
534, 535, 537, 553.
board
buried
in
chapel,
295.
216- 219,
of,
205.
of,
complaints
compositions
criticism
of,
death
208,
of,
279.
279.
299,
507,
577.
87,
520,
�INDEX
-
104.
students
continued)
(
conferred
degrees
depositions
of,
dress
br,
360.
drinking
of,
drowned,
206.
on,
See
Degrees.
also
100- 101.
See
Academic
also
286,
281,
dress.
306.
289,
See
misbehavior
also
of.
507.
duels
286.
by,
from
180,
of,
expenses
See
298,
303,
487,
494,
192-
273- 274,
231,
a,
311,
630,
313,
632,
370,
304,
580,
193,
of,
expulsion
Duels.
also
238, 266,
156.
levies,
of,
examinations
exempt
280,
371,
273, 488.
See
expenses
of
See
285.
Examinations.
also
234, 237, 257, 275, 277,
324, 340, 352, 356, 394, 458,
233,
322,
648.
645,
390,
410.
famous,
fees
in
War,
Civil
of.
590.
See
579,
Grammar School, scholars in.
Indian
School, scholars in.
See
students in.
See
Law School,
in law school,
companies,
575, 577, 622, 665.
227- 228, 247,
in military
x,
228, 247, 590.
227,
in Revolution,
School
in Grammar
in
Indian School
Indi&. School scholars in.
n
See
Indian,
See
laundry
for
letters
of (
washing for.
233- 234• (
17797
1798- 1800)
232,
1805) 289; ( 1808)
1827) 333; ( 1846)
612, 620, 621.
list
of
in
in
town,
See
college
for,
meals
v,
216,
217,
289,
298,
573- 574,
See also
291,
428;
399.
printed,
lodging
lodging
1780)
238- 239; ( 1797) 279- 280;
284; ( 1802) 286; ( 1804) 287, 288;
292; ( 1815)
299; ( 1823- 1824) 313, 314;
( 1860) 561; ( 1861) 575; ( 1869) 611-
( 1801)
281- 282;
172-
93,
vii,
96-
218,
219,
97,
dooms,
n,
271,
students.
676.
279,
a,
193,
184, 185,
280 & n.,
233, 237, 275, 278, 279,
329,
340, 357, 432, 458, 471,
171,
231,
for
277,
177,
181,
181-
322, 323- 324,
599, 630, 632, 649, 667- 668.
Dinners;
Breakfasts;
Commons,
Table.
Suppers;
526.
522- 523,
321,
of,
221, 312, 329, 334- 335, 344, 354, 360,
misbehavior
362, 363, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 382, 383,
385, 386, 389- 390, 391, 407, 410, 411.
of,
meetings
number
of
number
of mentioned
listed,
number
of ( 1700)
486; ( 1704)
1750)
168; (
1762)
180; (
1780)
238,
316,
1795- 1798)
1800)
92,
charter,
25
( 1701) 82; ( 1702) v,
93; ( 1736) viii, 158-
in
1751)
316,
170,
486; ( 1754-
82,
a,
1755)
87,
1736- 50) 486;
85; ( 1703)
486; (
viii,
172 &
n,
486;
226- a;
1705- 1775) 486, 649; ( 1777)
t (
1782)
1783) 257; ( 1784) x, 259;
239; (
2534 (
31.6, 657; ( 1787) 267, 276, 316, 657; ( 1788- 1791)
1765)
266,
657; ( 1792)
1786)
488.
399,
72;
361,
384,
277,
657; (
185•
273,
278,
657; ( 1793- 1794) 316, 657;
657; ( 1799) 281, 316, 657;
285,
316, 657; ( 1802) 286, 316,
316,
316,
1801)
657;
�INDEX
-
105.
Students,
of ( continued)
number
316,
657; ( 1804) 316, 657• ( 1805.). 1807) 289,
657;
657; ( 1808) 292, 316, 657; ( 1809- 1811) 293, 316,
299, 301, 316, 401,
xi,
295, 316, 657; ( 1814 1817)
1812- 1813)
657; ( 1818- 1823) 307, 311, 314, 316, 657; ( 1824) 314, 315, 319,
657; ( 1825) 322; ( 1826) 326, 327, 657; ( 1827- 1829) 331, 333,
657.
339, 346, 349, 657; ( 1830- 1832) 358, 365, 371, 373,
657; ( 1836- 1840) 394,
387, 408,
1833- 1835) 374, 376, 379- 380,
1841- 1843)
410, 412,
398, 401, 405, 408, 409, 410, 416, 657; (
657, 658; ( 1847- 1849)
4 5, 417, 657; ( 1844- 1846) 417, 421, 424,
475, 477, 480, 481, 482, 483, 485,
658; ( 1850- 1855) 359, 461,
555, 559, 571, 658;
xii,
501, 517,
359,
658; ( 1856- 1860)
xiii, xiv, 600, 602, 603, 608, 612, 615,
1861- 1864) 658; ( 1865)
640, 643, 646, 658;
649, 658; ( 1870- 1875) 625, 630, 631, 637,
2871 316,
1803)
651,
1876- 1877)
662• ( 1882)
658; ( 1881)
6541
677; ( 1890- 1893) 677, 678;
by, 166, 204, 238, 274, 372,
676,
386.
orations
of
picture
663; ( 1889)
xv,
( 1919- 1932) xv.
See also
speeches
by.
279.
of,
petition
681;
( 1898)
drawn
college
by,
praise
of,
278.
prizes
for,
435.
by,
158- a.
158,
plays
See
145.
of,
punishment
suspension
for
requirements
and
See
of,
sickness
smallpox
societies
speeches
171,
among,
of,
suspension
of,
b71
verses
for,
See
648.
See
also
Studs,
192- b,
185,
330,
279,
274- 275,
219, 258,
622.
181-
181,
189-
or .
s
303,
Beta
Kappa;
193,
340- 341,
218,
a,
219.
191.
a,
Society;
Franklinian
See
85.
washing
499,
misbehavior
President'
177,
171,
170- b,
Society; Phoenix Society.
See
by, 69, 70, 360, 361.
mathean
Medals.
prizes;
300.
b7,
serenading
217,
a,
of;
in.
concerning,
384,
383,
357,
356,
197-
a,
roams
Building,
regulations
195-
195,
to,
awards
also
See
292,
384.
383,
289, 291,
Brafferton;
Rooks, for students.
Wren
House,
expulsion
also
also
286,
rioting by,
of,
rooms
rules
See
See
307.
197- a.
promotion,
196.
to,
rewards
306,
292,
291,
Medals.
to;
awards
also
220,
193,
of.
See
verses;
324,
323,
352,
Philo-
Orations by.
punishment
Latin
also
180, 218,
also
also
See
494.
Phi
of.
Verses.
356,
394,
458,
494,
645,
Laundry.
also
Scholars.
187.
Study, 438.
Subscriptions
to
See
College,
William
and
Mary
College,
tions to.
Va.,
Suffolk,
222,
Sugar,
178,
Suits,
184.
299,
181-
Sundials,
Supper
parties,
291.
a,
529,
382,
218.
676- 677.
383,
384.
See
also
Dial posts.
subscrip-
�INDEX
106.
-
Suppers,
Surry County,
in,
land
Surveyor- General
138,
of
a,
217,
185,
184,
428.
588.
234.
iii,
Colony,
18,
xi,
22,
28,
24,
54,
64,
59,
114,
235.
of
fees
Surveyors [
181.-
586, 587,
38, 234.
585,
college
181,
177,
171,
Surgeons,
to
office
builder]
college,
College,
of
56, 57.
salary- of,
See a1. g2
Architects;
iii,
55-
18,
xi,
n,
Builders;
56,
22,
57,
Hadley,
24, 54,
68.
59,
114.
67,
Thomas;
Overseers;
Undertakers.
of
Surveyors
Surveys,
18,
counties,
24,
285.
54.
Suspension
College
of
Suspension
Exercises,
See
William ?
Mary College
of exercises.
683.
Swanson,
Mr.,
Sweeney,
Mary, 298.
675.
W.
H.,
Swinton,
Mr.,
231.
Switzerland,
82.
106,
91, 100,
214.
Stanford & Company,
Swords,
Swords,
Syme,
Mr.,
Tabb,
E.
408,
410.
555,
561,.
344.
T.
P. ?:
Company, 500,
Company, 498.
T.
g.
at
E.
College,
89,
114,
143,
178,
182,
185,
196,
213,
214,
220,
231,
275,
289,
305,
323- 324,
356,
358,
366,
for,
182,
369,
185,
458.
accounts
196,
204,
207,
209,
at,
340.
Table,
210,
liquors
served
statute
to
Table
re-
furniture,
Tables,
in
163,
Blue
establish ( 1825),
329,
210,
209,
340,
213,
323- 324.
Steward.
Meals;
also
Tablecloths,
207,
220.
214,,
Sec-
194,
204,
193.
213,
291.
184,
212,
Room,
330,
215,
344,
399.
344.
215, 399.
215.
mahogany,
library,
163.
pine,
walnut,
163.
Tacks,
453.
Talbot
Co.,
Md.,
41,
General,
Taliaferro,
Edwin,
Professor
553,
Major
R.,
560,
561,
173.
Ta. liaferro- Cole
Tallow
Tanner °.
510,
519,
521,
509,
524, 528,
523,
596.
565, 568, 574, 581, 595,
House,"
163.
silver,
106.
candles,
Tankards,
Tanner,
170.
667.
Mr.,
350.
Company,
604.
159.
See
also
Candles.
537,
544,
547,
�INDEX
Tar,
Tar
-
107.
544.
57,
448.
brushes,
See
Duties.
See
Mr.
508.
William,
512.
457.
439,
Mr.,
Taylor,
215.
Ordinaries.
also
Tayloe,
356.
concerning,
regulaticns
Taxes
266,
247,
215,
Taverns,
Creed,
329.
F.,
192,
E.
Frank,
201.
412•
641,
637,
William,
William
V.
life
of
171,
178,
181-
and
Hyson,
667.
See
Mr.,
293.
student,
218,
217,
578,
599,
600,
601,
a,
Company,
614.
271- 274.
as
Congo
Teagle,
Martin &
Taylor,
A81._ _ .
Littleton,
account
Teachers,
574,
55.
H., /.
Tea,
567,
Ji ,
542.
William
Tazewell,
r
r
535,
481,
679.
480,
Tazewell,
219.
1. 78.
1' refessors .
Masters;
also
3.
305.
304,
Edwd ,
Teaspoons,
Telegraph,
163.
silver,
276.
to,
repairs
See
276,
190,
Telescopes,
535,
535,
Apparatus.
also
112.
Archbishop,
401.
alley,
Tennison,
Tenpin
Tenpins,
Tents,
464.
82, 83,
F. ,
Teterel,
School
Theology,
123-
Theses,
274.
Thomas,
Jos. &
F.,
P.
Mr.,
183,
189,
T.
Thomson,
S.,
555,
191.
673- 674, 675,
M.,
R.,
Company,
542.
628.
William
John,
611.
H.,
500.
Professor,
95.
509,
532.
See
also
676.
567.
352.
534- 535,
Plays .
Divinity School.
See
of
n./
71.
Thermoscope,
Thompson,
508,
158.
Williamsburg,
in
507,
407,
365,
108.
C.,
Theatre
238,
234,
109.
Mr.,
C.
224,
a,
Books.
also
Thacker,
356,
284,
Textbooks,
195- 195-
144,
124.
305.
Testaments,
See
243.
College,
at
Terms
546.
546.
537,
553.
�INDEX
-
108.
Thruston,
Tidd,
Mr.,
19.
Nathaniel,
183, 189, 191, 201.
James, 245.
Timber,
118, 294, 301,
51, 90, 97, 117,
See
535,
545, 602, 606, 639.
Tin,
192, 321, 400, 439, 440.
Tilton,
Dr.
183, 201.
Wilts, Eng.,
Tisbury,
Tithes,
Toasts,
443,
534,
533,
Limber.
159- n.
49.
83.
Tobacco,
iii,
duty
iii,
x,
94,
in,
made
payments
58,
129-
a,
155,
157,
233,
234,
28, 54, 55,
55- n, 58, 59, 60, 61,
267,
114, 138, 155- 157,
277.
235, 236,
10,
271.
233,
234, 237, 252,
269,
97,
i,
statement
s
of,
smuggling
Tobacco trade,
Mr.,
22,
24,
269, 271.
18, 22, 24,
260,
91- 92,
Seymour'
21,
252,
on,
64,
10,
x,
237,
Todd,
425,
also
400.
321.
gutters,
roofing,
Tinware,
404,
concerning,
260.
192- a.
157.
155,
209.
Toddy,
340.
Tongs,
161,
fire,
163,
165.
4.65
silver,
163.
Tools, 56.
Tories, in Virginia,
Tornado (
Totten,
viii.
378, 380, 381.
1834),
Dr.
Silas ( professor),
476,
4.79,
480,
508,
509,
510- 511,
531,
in
460, 465, 466, 467, 470, 473,
490, 491, 492, 495, 496, 503, 504,
516, 519- 520, 523, 524, 525, 528,
459,
537.
account
of
fire
Brafferton,
482,
of
4.85,
515,
1859
by,
510- 511.
See
also
516.
482.
515,
president pro tem,
president, 461.
Touch,
Thomas,
94.
Tower,
of Wren Bldg.,
83.
vice-
Towers
of Wren
Building
Cupola.
( 1859- 1862),
527,
606, 613, 616.
Town,
at Middle
Plantation, 69.
See
Townsend,
Colonel, 7, 8, 13, 33, ' 6.
taken
land
528,
532,
541,
568,
594.
605,
dorm,
also
Williamsburg.
13, 33, 36.
24.
Trade and Plantations,
of, 88,
141.
commissioners
137,
140,
138- 139,
The Tragedy of Cato", 158, 158- a.
Order, 151.
Tramontaine
Transfer Day, vii, 166,
168, 220.
Transfer of College' from Trustees to President and Masters, iii, vii,
26, 64, 102,
136, 139,
140,
132,
148- 151,
152,
152- a,
548,
578, 579.
549,
arrival of ( 1729)
151- 152,
152- a.
Trade,
of
acts
Completed
considered
for
college,
of,
August
15,
1729,
152.
7,
8,
�Index
-
109.
Transfer (
continued)
copy
of,
549,
copy
of
burned,
description
illuminated.
mentioned
text
578,
of,
579.
549.
copy,
in
of,
579.
1859, 549,
549, 579.
26.
charter,
148- 151.
Transfer
of college
to state of Virginia ( 1906),
Major, 185.
Robert B.,
298, 299, 300.
Capt. Samuel,
300.
Treasurer of college
See
Bursar.
Treasurer
of Virginia,
51, 180.
Treasury, British, . 22, 23, 24.
xv.
Travis,
report
Tredegar
Trees,
of
of,
commissioners
23- 24.
Company, 404, 406, 411.
College,
at
419,
106,
vii .,
427, 435,
cut down,
379, 380, 475.
damaged
by storm, 378.
elm,
301, 419, 427, 508.
insects
attack,
lead
also
Trinity
Trinity
Trinity
N.
Church,
Ye,
624.
College,
Cambridge, 611, 618.
Term, at William and Mary, 144,
trees,
elm
Captain,
evergreens,
380,
381,
662,
671.
poplar trees.
195-
ii,
Mary
34, 46, 50, 52,
73, 75, 79, 80, 81,
115, 116, 131, 132,
duties of mentioned in
how elected, 27.
33,
frmm,
53- 54.
59, 65,
meetings
of,
named
in
charter,
names
suggested
number
of,
report
on
a,
224.
iii,
53- 54,
55- 58,
13,
iv,
17,
68,
93,
Assembly,
94,
97,
17.
13,
vii,
26, 27,
63, 66- 67,
94, 97, 102,
25,
60,
59,
85, 87, 88, 90, 93,
139, 140, 148, 149,
charter,
25- 26.
66- 67,
by, 52, 53- 54,
145, 148, 149.
See
Transfer.
building
former
governors
See
Beverley
8- 9,
29- 30,
68,
110,
236.
1) 2,
110,
116.
25.
27.
college
and
iii,
College,/
25.
by General
144,
surviving ( 1729),
transfer
of college
by
visitors
649,
56.
hair,
Trunks,
163.
Trustees of William &
Tucker,
379,
529,
588.
Dr.,
letter
508,
419.
See
Tregian,
Tripler,
378,
301,
a,
489,
475,
226- a.
for,
422.
ornamental,
sheet
226-
159,
426,
427,
trustees,
55- 58.
26,
27.
Nathaniel Beverley Tucker.
George,
302- a.
St. George,
284.
Nathaniel Beverley ( Professor),/
Henry
409,
457,
gift
house
judge,
411,
460,
to
412,
4.74,
college
of„
457.
419.
414,
475.
by,
415,
428.
286,
381, 385- 386, 401, 405, 406, 407,
429, 420, 421, 425, 428, 430, 435,
�INDEX
-
Tucker
110.
(
continued)
276- 277,
George,
St.
books
house
of,
by,
286.
letter
of,
at
292,
296,
325,
333,
553.
296.
276.
by,
n.
College,
Tullideph,
286,
276- 277.
Morse,
1812,
made
271-
House,
284,
283,
283.
280.
professor,
telegraph
Tuition
J.
of to
letter
Tucker
280,
bought
See
580.
Walter,
Students,
also
expenses
of.
170.
John,
97, 116.
Tumbrells,
449.
Tunis, John, 404, 408, 411,
Turkeys,
218.
George, 611.
Turner, Mrs.
Tullitt,
620.
611- 612,
George
W.,
J.
W.,
J.
Wilmer,
Turnery,
422.
621.
191,
189,
183,
448,
Turpentine,
620,
624.
201.
449.
See
Coller' e, 411.
173, 173- a.
Page family,
173- a.
Turretts,
Tutors,
in
Twede,
28.
Tyler,
Mr.,
Towers.
also
392.
107.
101,
Henry,
of,
house
196,
John,
chancellor,
in
to
107.
296,
296.
322,
of,
488, 509,
637.
515,
515,
524, 541.
509- 510,
States,
578,
530, 553,
of United
president
rector
of
speech
of (
541,
671.
544.
1859),
student,
397, 488.
Lyon Gardiner,
i, 593,
president
386.
530,
565.
college,
of
524,
530.
college,
militia,
letters
397,
322,
553, 565, 578, 579,
578, 579, 637.
544,
gift
101,
198,
676,
college
(
681.
1888- 1919),
xv,
593,
676,
681.
Robert,
Samuel,
293,
chancellor,
William,
296.
296.
407.
U.
Umbrellas, 186, 187,
312.
Undertakers ( contractors),
179,
195,
195-
a,
40- 41, 48,
206, 224.
1772),
206,
for
addition
( ca.
for
building
college,
40- 41,
for
chapel
151,
152- n.
for
President'
for
new
for
wing,
s
House,
152-
building, 206, 224.
195- 195- a.
repairs,
224.
48.
a,
153.
151,
152-
n,
152-
a,
153,
178,
�INDEX
-
111.
Undertakers
(
continued)
for
stable,
See
also
178,
179.
Builders;
Uniforms,
83,
United States
Contractors;
Surveyors;
Overseers.
575.
government,
cf
claims
623, 631, 633- 635,
461- 463,
United States Naval Academy, 531.
English, 196, 257.
Universities,
in,
requirements
college
638,
against,
650,
651,
426,
654.
431,
197- a.
Scottish,
257.
William & Mary a university,
ix, 232,
233, 238,
239, 243, 2' A,
247, 248, 249, 251, 253, 254, 255, 257- a, 258, 260,
263,
271, 301, 323,
532, 539,
555.
University of Virginia, ix, xi, xii, 314, 325, 326, 376, 555, 558,
658.
description
of,
325- 326.
1825,
201.
Upholstering,
Abel P. 409.
Upshur,
Ushers in Grammar School,
iv, 1,
14, 16, 38, 54, 57,
128- b, 138, 141, 144, 148,
92, 100, 101, D3,
186,
216,
185,
277, 289, 340.
219, 228, 231,
advertisement
for,
183- a, 228,
289.
of,
furniture
of,
salary
servant
I•
231,
138,
iv,
of,
163,
70,
74,
177,
85,
183- a,
163.
228,
for,
roans
64,
289.
289.
163.
V.
Vacations,
See
at
Mr.,
Valentine,
Van
226,
399.
417.
647.
Ervie &
Ervie (
Company,
611,
615.
Errie) & Horton,
Van Estrand,
D.,
611.
D.,
618.
Vanostrand,
Varina
a,
Mr.,
Van
Vardon &
195- 195-
Terms.
also
Vaiden,
177,
144,
college,
or
Company,
Parish,
191,
611.
201.
i.
Varnish, 448, 449, 452.
Vass, William,
295.
Vaughan, Samuel,
267.
viii,
ix, x, xiii,
Vaults, under chapel,
201,
202,
199, 200,
203,
226- a, 295, 296, 297, 503, 504 507, 512- 513, 527, 538, 549,
558, 564, 573, 5844 591, 620.
arch
to,
built,
Morrison'
robbed,
See
also
Vegetables,
199.
200.
s
description
1862,
Chapel,
212,
of,
512- 513.
591.
584,
burials in.
xiii,
234-
a,
302-
a,
324.
See
also
Gardens.
�INDEX
-
112.
Vernon,
Ca.,
Verses,
English,
Latin,
W.
Vest,
78.
as
W.,
85.
college,
Vest &
Son,
533,
Hansf ord,
Vest &
W.
Vest,
29, 138, 151, 158- a.
626, 631, 639, 641.
22,
618, 623,
613, 616.
616,
613,
546,
to
donation
18,
iii,
quitrents,
614.
577,
571,
547,
632.
W., &
396,
Company,
436.
421,
399,
Vickery & Company, 554.
Vickery & Griffith, 479.
Victoria,
Queen,
578- 579.
lands,
Vineyard
257- a.
college,
624.
Francis,
Vinton,
to
given
82.
Violinists,
25.
Virginia,
boundary line of, 239.
capital of, v, vi, xi,
71,
See
77.
Richmond;
Jamestown;
also
Williamsburg.
of
cession
in,
used
coal
in (
of,
in,
21, 22.
See
See
72.
21.
in, 18,
Maps.
also
Ministers.
Clergy;
also
in,
revenues
See
tobacco
See
also
Duties,
in
Sae
See
viii.
in,
Fire
Virginia
Gazette,
Virginia
fleet,
Virginia
Historical
Virginia
Legislature
Virginia
Militia,
Virginia
State
Virginians,
and
13,
61,
94,
122-
145,
192 -
253,
181-
18,
iii,
on
a,
22,
28,
24,
55-
59,
n,
13$.
tobacco.
Surveyors
Surveyor- General;
also
Duties;
Company,
Insurance
Virginia
37.
Quitrents.
from,
exported
29130,
22,
21,
20,
Duties;
also
surveyors
Visitors
Mary College.
in,
plants
poverty
taxes
282- 283,
252,
184.
20,
21.
in,
ministers
177,
165,
59,
22.
337.
of,
maps
17,
113.
in,
magazines
William and Mary College.
see
William &
also
1765),
ca.
fortifications
history
16,
10,
See
284- 285.
fashions
30.
23,
Duties.
i- ii,
in,
education
17,
1- 2,
Seo
in
duties
x- xi.
169.
i- ii,
in,
college
to U. S.,
by,
lands
General
of counties.
Assembly.
592.
195.
19.
498, 653.
General Assembly.
Society,
See
296.
See
511,
317,
Library,
of,
description
Militia.
also
512.
262- 263 &
n..
ix, xi, xv,
iii, vi,
Mary College,
14, 17, 25- 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 47, 49, 55- 58, 59,
64, 65, 66, 67, 73, 74, 75, 80, 81, 85, $ 7, 89, 92, 93,
102,
101,
103, 110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120,
97,
139, 141, 143, 144,
128- b, 129, 130, 137,
124, 125, 127,
Governors
of William &
146,
156,
192-
254,
147,
a,
158,
194- 195,
257-
a,
277,
174,
195278,
a,
175,
197-
283,
176,
e,
284,
180,
181,
189- a,
233,
236,
242,
249,
285- 286,
299,
303,
306,
206,
307,
�INDEX
-
113.
Visitors
Governors ( continued)
and
309,
320,
322,
423,
524,
430,
433,
435,
525,
526,
593,
596,
654,
663,
597,
672,
326- 327, 349, 355, 372, 376, 392,
436, 500, 505, 510, 519, 520, 523,
566, 567,
529,
539, 547, 562, 563,
608, 627, 629, 637, 638, 641, 643,
323,
528,
607,
674,
of
address
to
appointed
by
authority
letter
to,
King,
of,
26- 27,
110,
in
names
of
26- 27.
by Assembly,
charter,
suggested
of,
of,
236,
27,
xv,
petitions
55.
61, 65, 66- 67, 73, 74, 75,
116, 122,
123, 124, 125,
27,
named
number
25- 27,
192- 192- a.
147.
102,
101,
iii,
charter,
of,
meetings
682.
677,
137.
13- 14,
254, 672.
253,
17.
376.
130,
of ( 1716) ,
122- 124,
proceedings
of,
records
120,
burned,
Archbishop
125; (
194- 195,
1769)
195- a.
120.
sent
to
of,
rector
reports
of,
to,
122- 124.
See
27.
regulations
Canterbury,
of
Rector,
also
120.
William &
Mary College.
320.
303,
593- 596,
667- 668,
314,
309,
612,
307,
597- 599,
613,
315,
614,
326- 327, 372, 582,
615, 617, 663- 664,
672- 673.
1906)
xv.
of
reorganization
by ( 1779) ,
1782) ,
of (
resolutions
249.
of, 322,
for meetings
349, 355.
room
ix,
reorganization
of ( 1888) ,
xv;
(
college
of,
secretary
made
statutes
Vobe,
Von
89, 93, 94, 97,
143, 285- 286.
See
232- 234- a.
also
Convocation
562.
by
Statutes.
See
221.
Mrs.,
Baron
Closen,
Louis,
244.
W.
Major,
Waddell,
John,
Waesche &
Wager,
217.
William,
Waddill,
Wafers,
606.
199.
Manner,
451,
452 f7.
183- c.
Dr.,
595.
Mrs.
209.
Wagon- house,
470.
409, 449.
203, 549.
Waistcoats,
184.
Wagons,
240,
Wainscot,
See
168.
Archbishop,
28.
Wales,
15,
Prince of, 79.
Wake,
tobacco
sent
to,
28.
Canterbury,
Archbishop
of.
Room.
�INDEX
-
114.
41)
WaJke &
Company,
Walker,
576.
Mr.,
570,
462.
Rev. Alexander,
Edward, 325.
Samuel,
201.
Walks,
98.
131,
college,
226-
192- b,
marl,
399.
Wall, brick, around yard,
583.
Wallace, Macklin,
389, 390.
Thomas, Jr.,
372.
630.
620,
Waller, Mrs.,
Wallpaper,,
399,
470.
See
also
Fences;
Paling.
456.
455,
See
Wren
Walls,
Walthall,
J.,
Waltonus,
Brianus,
walls
Building,
of.
624.
64.
Secretary
War,
284,
a,
226- a.
192- b,
gravel,
653.
Mr.,
War,
Ware,
pans,
Warminster,"
C.,
Y.
Warwick
War;
Civil
Revolutionary War.
82.
81.
County,
296.
Robert,
436,
Washboards,
for
Washing,
for
333.
295.
at
19.
Warships,
296,
County,
373.
Wars,
Wash,
Nelson
Mr.,
Warrenton,
389.
178.
Warming
Warren,
290.
a Mrs.,
Mr.
683.
of,
John,
Warburton,
177.
218,
180,
students,
648.
654,
323,
See
Mrs.
C.
205,
Washington,
439.
437,
masters,
207,
B
T.,
502,
208, 243,
626, 671.
4
George,
475,
549,
of,
bust
352,
356,
394,
of
of
criticism
503,
514, 536.
247, 276,
245, 246,
281,
of,
college,
college
207,
242,
243,
549.
letters to, 205,
208,
281,
246.
mentions
244,
431,
presented
514.
C.,
Thomas
Mr.,
Thomas
R.,
T.,
395.
451.
491,
to
276.
303,
609.
434,
163.
silver,
Waterman,
481,
Augustine,
College,
Washington
Watkins,
of
D.
Washington,
Watches,
A.,
3,
books
Lawrence,
William
of, 626.
paraphernalia
William u: Mary college
H.
Professor
494,
402,
475, 549.
by, 207.
475,
burned,
masonic
458,
Laundry.
475.
chancellor
letters
324,
also
684.
650.
492,
( 1794),
502- 503.
college,
502- 503.
276.
549.
431,
�INDEX
-
Watson,
115.
David,
Elkanah,
Joseph,
679.
OTWayne'
Richard,
Weal,
Weathercock,
Mr.,
Walter,
Weld,
Isaac,
Well
buckets,
Mr.,
Mr.,
Jr.,
R.,
305.
304,
97-
186, 221, 230, 240, 264, 268, 270,
407, 414, 437,
295, 300, 305, 328, 393,
470, 675.
161,
a,
290,
289,
4-44,
459,
See
for,
buckets
393.
290,
295,
cleaned,
305,
300,
Buckets.
also
328,
393,
407,
4.37, / v' 1.
covered,
161.
of,
digging
president'
See
459.
to,
repairs
268.
240,
230,
s,
in,
441.
covered,
and
framed
south,
Buckets.
also
543.
586.
48.
272,
240,
also
264,
270,
270,
407,
444.
Pumps.
272.
444.
186,
for,
windlass
Captain,
441.
107.
167.
Mr.,
C.,
469.
201.
Charles,
E.,
535.
536,
D5se,
538,
tribute
George
John,
Col.
M. &
546.
546,
481.
B. &
Wetherburn,
553,
567,
568,
574.
Dr.,
582.
116.
Mr.,
Mrs.
Matthew,
Mr.,
ofe s s or
Richard,
Company,
29.
Westmoreland,
Westover, "
113.
156.
Westminster,
Wharton,
5397542,
542.
Bro.,
Nathaniel,
Westermann,
Whaley,
to,
3.
Indies,
Pr
301,
649.
See
393.
College,
at
pumps
297,
295,
441,
West
4410/ 4.
522.
278- 279,
B.
Wellford,
West,
Swords.
262- 263 a n.
259, 308.
Weir,
Wellman,
Shotguns;
331.
James,
Noah,
Wells,
Wells,
Pistols;
277.
Ma.,
Webster,
Weems,
Firearms;
Guns;
also
183.
439,
Weatherboarding,
Webb,
240.
See
228.
201.
191,
189,
183,
Brigade,
s
284.
302- a.
281.
J.
Allen,
Watts,
Watts a Company,
eapons,
282,
281,
280,
279,
170.
Mary,
xiv,
679.
See
xi.v,
also
108.
L.
95.
B.,
641,
642.
"
Natty"
School.
414.
�INDEX
116.
-
104,
107.
Mr.,
108,
109.
Wheelbarrows,
526.
Mr.,
Whately,
177.
Wheat,
Wheatly,
212.
Wh e e lw ork, 206,
Wheel: rright,
293.
183,
Whig, 386.
Whigs, 475.
See
Whippings,
193.
Whips, riding,
163.
Whirling
Whiskey (
of.
215.
carriage),
William,
Mr.,
White,
punishment
446.
table,
Whitaker,
Students,
also
209,
259.
395.
34, 216.
lead,
300, 301,
John,
White
16,
Whitehall,
H.,
574,
288,,
Wicket
179.
224, 226, 227, 230, 231, . 264,
399, 409, 411, 444, 472, 663.
268,
265,
160- 161.
F.,
312.
176,
doors,
215.
272.
271,
Wickham,
Mr.,
Wilbern,
William,
Wildcat
449.
144.
4.
Whitsunday,
Wicker,
388,
351,
Mr.,
Whitfield,
College,
at
Whitewashing,
5,
3,
Henry,
575.
Whiteing ( Whiting),
Thomas
448,
3 51,
308,
117.
23
skins,
576.
574,
37.
433.
Wiley, John,
Wiley & Putnam,
414,
416, 417, 418,
427,
424,
422,
420,
431,
430,
432.
Wilkerson,
A.,
Wilkinson,
Thanas,
William
201.
ii,
of
15.
Assembly
of,
text
address
iv,
iii,
1,
3,
23,
5, 6, 7,
24, 26, 27,
72, 78, 79,
4,
of,
accession
address
Rev.
201.
9, 10- 11, 12, 13, 15,
29, 30, 35, 38, 46, 57,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
80, 81- 83, 65, 98, 111,
59, 60, 61, 63, 65, 70,
137, 138, 140, 148,
117, 121, 124, 133, 135,
112,
114, 116,
276, 277, 284, 578,
259, 260,
155, 158- a, 226, 227, 235,
III,
of
James
to,
1,
5,
6,
7,
Blair
to,
35,
visits
(
college,
16.
10,
12,
16.
78,
5,
15.
for
at
6,
7,
9)
13,
Charter.
17,
26,
59.
79.
Williamsburg (
for,
oration
85, 98.
funeral
59, 65, 116,
27, 38, 57,
gifts of, 24,
ceremony
in Flanders,
15,
13,
38.
1691),
1,
iii,
granted by ( 1693)
16, 17, 24- 29, 31i35, 148.
ee also
text of,
24- 29.
ii, 10- 11, 13,
named for,
college
See also
Mary, Queen .
death of, vi, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85.
funeral
12,
10- 11.
thanks
charter
encourages
9,
1702),
117.
81,
82,
85.
�INDEX
410
117.
William
III
( continued)
of
instructions
of,
letters
and
of
accounts
See
to
College,
Mary
establishing
a
establishing
scholarships
act
act
establishing
for support
act
transferring
12,
school
94.
120.
at,
672,
663,
xv,
679.
126- 127.
at,
3, 35, 36.
Duties.
of,
site
of
See
to
college
of Virginia,
State
William & Queen
King
Mary
xv,
672.
1,
concerning,
6,
5,
9,
10- 11,
13.
agents
in,
61,
for,
baking
See
of
at
masters
See
Boyle,
Indian School.
Brafferton building at
brewing in,
building of
110,
iv,
President'
burgess
for,
29,
burning
of
s
House;
See
Day;
School.
Brafferton;
xiii,
Kitchens;
Hotel;
President'
s House.
See
3, 26.
Outbuildings;
2,
xiv,
Wren Building.
126,
122,
277.
Yard,
at,
celebrations
Indian
estate;
Fires at William and Mary College.
William & Mary College.
See
of
campus
xi.,
Smokehouses;
68, 70, 121,
49,
39,
Brafferton
Brew- house.
Building;
vii,
College
Brafferton;
also
Robert;
Brafferton;
also
Wren
vi,
v,
Hon.
See
See
112.
See
for,
buildings
See also
Agents.
Bake- house,
Oven- house.
See
" Barring out" of masters.
150.
also
to
legacy
s
124,
117,
110.
out"
barring
Boyle'
normal
87,
55- 59,
54,
burned ( 1705),
trustees
act
to
79.
address of Assembly in.
of,
accounts
act
address
78,
Nicholson,
Assembly
of
supplication
William
Gov.
to
72.
29,
See
Celebrations;
Commencements;
Foundation
Transfer Day.
See
of
of William &
Chancellors
Mary College.
William and Mary College.
See
of;
Roans,
Wren Building,
cleaning of
cleaning
cleaning of.
See
meetings
of.
clergy meet at
Clergy,
of
clerks
See
Clerks, of William & Mary College.
See
closed
William &
Mary College, suspension of exercises.
chancellor
See
for
charter
commencement
at
See
Commencement
See
to,
contributions
10,
11,
donations
also
offered
courses
Charter,
12, )
4,
32,
38,
gifts
to;
See
at
exercises.
to;
subscriptions
491,
492,
510,/
515,
651.
to.
Schools in GJilliar,
Professorships;
See also
College.
Anatomy- and Medicine; Chemistry:
School; Fine Arts; Law and Police; Law School;
Moral Philosophy; Modern Languages;
Mathematics;
Natural
Grammar School;
Indian School.
Philosophy; Philosophy;
criticism
of college ,
133, 148, 174, 181, 205, 207, 208, 232,
and
Mary
Divinity
236,
282- 283.
damages
in
storm
damages
to
( 1781),
(
1834),
247,
Revolutionary
damages
to
638,
4110
378 ,
249,
387.
269,
581,
582,
650,
651,
654.
646,
See
584,
See
594,/
also
Fires ( 1781);
also
ff15,
( 1862- 1865)
639,
270.
War.
598,
627
623, 631, 633- 635,
Fires ( 1862);
Civil War.
payment for, 635, 639,
day of fasting at, 79, 80.
descriptions
of
( 1697),
646.
54; ( 1702)
82; ( 1705)
110,
112;
�INDEX
118.
-
William and. Mary College;
of ( continued)
descriptions
129- 130; ( ca. 1724) 131- 134, 649; ( 1727) 145;
165;
1729) 148; ( 1732) vii, 154--155; ( 1- 739) 160- 161; ( 1746)
1749) 167; ( 1751) 170; ( 1759) 177; ( 1762) 179- 180•
1765) 184, 185; ( 1771) 205; ( 1773) 209, 211; ( 1776) 225, 226;
1777)
226- a, 227; ( 1780) 237, 238; (
17 / 241, 242, 244,
246, 247; ( 1782) 248- 249, 251, 253; 74; 257; ( 1784) 257,
245,
1722)
266; ( 1787) 267; ( 1792) 272- 273;
262; ( 1786)
259; ( 1785)
276- 277, 277- 278; ( 1796) 278- 279;
275- 276; ( 1795)
1793)
284- 285: 286;
1799) 281- 282; ( 1800) 282- 283; ( 1803)
1804) 287, 288; ( 1810) 294; ( 1812) 295; ( 1814) 297, 298;
1816)
302- a; ( 1817- 1819) 303, 307, 309; ( 1823) 314;
302 1824) 316, 318, 318- 319; ( 1827) 333; ( 1833) 376; ( 1835)
425; ( 1846)
402• ( 1845) 423
385- 386; ( 1837) 400; ( 1838)
427; 428; ( 184$) 435- 436; ( 1849) 446; ( 1852) 474- 475;
1854) 482, 484; ( 1855) 486; ( 1856) 491, 493, 497, 499;
518, 529; ( 1860) 557- 559, 563- 565;
517,
583; ( 1862) 584, 585- 586, 587, 588, 589; ( 1869) 612,
613, 617; ( 1870- 1873) 630; ( 1875) 648- 650; ( 1884) 665- 666;
681; ( 1906- 1953) xv.
1887) 671; ( 1888) 672- 673, 674; ( 1898)
1859)
516,
1861)
See
school in
Divinity
5'
to, 50,
57- 58, 59,
51,
divinity
also
drains,
endowments
Contributions
See
See
Drains,
for,
of
fees
of,
fine
subscriptions
to;
to.
See
William Y&Mary
for.
See
William &
also
College,
liary
suspension
expenses
Students,
of.
381.
Wall.
Palings;
Fences;
Fires, William & Mary College.
Fine Arts.
See
at
See
at,
See
arts
foundation
funds
664, 683.
565,
See
at
Fences
62;
gifts
exercises.
at
fires
xi,
suspended,
exercises
to;
at College.
funds
x-
College,
farm
School.
75;
donations
cf,
taught
of
i,
iv,
Wren
See
laid ( 1695 iii,
viii,
x-
xi,
xii,
foundations
Building,
xiv,
1,
xv,
2,
of
3, 10, 17,
35- 37, 38,
19, 20- 23, 24, 25- 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32,
51, 53, 54, 55- n, 57, 58, 59- 60, 62, 64, 65, 112,
40, 50,
148, 152- b,
116,
117,
118, 134235, 136, 139, 140, 141,
115,
157,
158, 180,
156,
235, 236, 237, 238, 267, 277,
225, 233,
285, 413,
418, 524, 559, 570, 574, 576, 603, 604, 607, 609,
628, 647, 683.
18,
See
Mary
gardens
gates of
gifts
40,
3,
57- 58,
xiv,
220 &
n.,
also
and
Mary
contributions
s
to;
Office,
fees
donations
to;
to.
Furniture,
William °
c Mary College.
Garden s.
Gates,
See
to,
See
See
See
of
College,
subscriptions
gifts to;
furniture for
Surveyor'
Quitrents:
Duties;
also
William &
14,
59,
235,
William &
17,
65,
445,
18,
19,
73,
76,
Mary College.
23,
78,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
148,
115, 117,
133,
29,
210,
446.
Library, gifts to; William
gifts of;
College,
to; donations to;
contributions
Books,
subscriptions
to.
from;
�INDEX
-
1.19.
William &
College ( continued)
Mary
of
graduates
See
of,
grounds
houses
530,
See
See
Kitchens.
Site
Land for;
College;
lots
of
Pc
William
178,
rules
Mary
and
damage +
257-
179,
See
at
See
Meals.
22,
17- 18,
20,
concerning,
addresses;
See also
petitions;
ii, 10- 11,
13,
named
for sovereigns,
21,
III;
William
of,
officers
144, 192Stewards;
17,
Librarians;
Bursars;
also
Houses.
also
Masters.
Masters;
Table.
Stewards;
30,
Z,
32,
31,
34.
supplications.
17,
26,
See
a.
See
59.
also
also
Clerks;
etc.
opposite
of ( illustrations)
pictures
see
Queen.
Mary,
14,
13,
See
Commons;
also
memorials
regulations.
o.
Indian
May Day ( 169977.t, 69- 71.
meals
and
College;
374.
a,
Masters;
Grammar
See
in
masters
Palace
Swamp;
Blackwater
Students,
College,
Mary
to,
belonging
lots
Mary
William
to
belonging
also
William
Fires,
See
529,
518,
Neck.
Statutes.
See
losses
See
of.
Pamunkey
lands;
of
Master;
of William Pc Mary College.
Iand. s
See
lands belonging to,
laws
Indian
Robert;
291, 311, 402, 446, 461, 510, 514,
548, 582, 592, 600, 602, 610, 665.
of
for.
land
Transfer.
also
Hon.
Boyle,
See
at
See
26.
iii,
School.
on,
kitchens
Grates;
Fuel;
Firewood;
Houses.
See
to
of,
school
Indian
School.
Yard.
for;
Stoves.
incorporation
insurance
Land
also
Fireplaces;
Coal;
See
belonging
Indian
See
Grammar
Master;
Grgmmar
See
643.
381,
heating of
Heating;
Graduates.
Degrees;
at
school
grammar
Visitors and governors.
See
of
governors
82,
pages
284,
162,
157,
646, 682,
585,
604,
551,
529, 541,
489- n, 529, 548, 649, 684.
435,
See also
Professorships.
Professors;
of
See
professors
Law;
Fine Arts;
Anatomy & Medicine; Chemistry; Divinity;
496,
492,
434) 485
mentioned)
619,
i,
.
Modern
Philosophy;
Philosophy.
Moral
Mathematics;
Philosophy;
Natural
Languages;
William & Mary College.
Presidents,
See
1- 2, 3) 4.
,
for ( 16
proposals
William & Mary College.
Records,
See
of
records
William. & Mary College.
Rector,
Sec
of
rector
Richmond,
removal to considered.
See
of considered
removal
1888) xv, 671, 672, 678
of ( 1779) ix, 232- 237; (
reorganization
of
presidents
reorganization
revenues
for,
55See
salaries
n,
also
paid
mentioned,
1,
58,
20,
21,
64, 65,
90,
112,
Duties;
in,
1,
112.
President,
in
scholars
salary
of,
salary
See
in.
Grammar
See
of;
28,
24, 25- 26,
114- 11. 5, 376.
22,
William
Indian Master,
scholars
4.82.
18,
17,
23,
Mary
also
College,
Grammar
Professors,
funds
Master,
salaries
29- 30,
for.
salary of;
of;
etc.
School,
scholars
in;
Indian School,
325,
687.
�INDEX
-
120.
William &
College
Mary
schools
in
schools
proposed
of
sessions
of
of
students
in
towards,
See
Site.
in;
scholars
Indian
School,
76,
78,
92,
496,
492,
William
also
to;
donations
51- 52,
115,
559.
&
Mary College,
gifts to.
contributions
to;
See also
ii, 10- 11,
12,
13, 16.
concerning,
to king; petitions.
addresses
and Mary College,
supplications
William
of
4, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 19,
55,
57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66,
117,
129, 145, 146, 148,
235,
2- 3,
xiv,
50,
40,
32,
491,
College.
College;
Mary
in.
subscriptions
72,
Mary College.
William &
School,
Grammar
See also
scholars
25,,
William &
Mary College;
59.
31,
Philamathean
Society;
Phoenix Society;
Phi Beta Kappa.
Statutes,
William & Mary College.
See
William & Mary College.
See
Students,
Society;
statutes
25,
191.
189- a & n.,
Franklinian
See
in
societies
17,
13,
Land for
in,
smallpox
in William &
Slaves.
Servants;
Terms, William & Mary
See
See
of
1,
Seal,
See
servants
site
continued)
Schools,
for,
See
for
seal
(
See
582,
583,
x,
250;
( 1781- 1782)
239, 240,
580, 581,
579,
482, 658; ( 1861- 1865) xiii,
593- 594, 650, 658, 600; ( 1868- 1869) 607,
615,
618,
619 . (
suspension
exercises
1848)
436,
at
terms
kept
at,
of
transfer
195- 195-
144,
xiv.
Meals;
Commons;
See
table
1881-- 1888)
1875) 647; ( 1877)
suggested (
suspension
to President
654, 655.
Table.
224, 234, 238, 352.
Masters
See
Transfer.
a,
and
See
Trees.
See
Trustees.
See
of
Visitors and Governors.
visitors
admittedT918),
xv.
women
at
trees
of
trustees
84,
act to
at
v,
104,
build,
of,
111,
v,
xiii,
houses
boarding
xi,
x,
xiii,
71-
tom,
71-
148,
112,
71,
82,
584, 585,
in, 298.
lodging
See
capital
111,
of Virginia
at,
of Virginia
moved
See
475.
in,
meetings
Students,
boarding
See
315,
489.
of,
280,
281,
climate
of,
273,
Palace;
William and Mary
also
Bruton
xi,
275.
Ceremonies.
Church.
657.
522- 523, 526,
See also
common hall of.
282- 283.
hall
of,
in
Court- houses;
from ( 1779- 1780)
also
in,
Council
common
82,
Revolutionary war.
also
Capitol;
71- n.
See
81- 84.
681.
in,
citizens
81,
in town.
capital
of,
78,
77,
542.
670.
forces in, x, 239,
240.
See also
in, 82, 99.
Houses;
Churches; Hospitals;
College, buildings of, etc.
churches
76,
Q04,
also
British
charter
150,
111.
594,
buildings
ceremonies
73,
72,
n,
149,
556.
n,
Plantation,
Middle
battle
Yard.
See
of
yard
Williamsburg,
280,
281.
See
also
council
of.
�121.
INDEX
Williamsburg
continued)
(
Civil War.
See also
586, 589, 594.
584,
225, 226;
211; ( 1776)
of ( 1. 749)
167; ( 1773) 209,
descriptions
246, 247;
226- a, 227; ( 1781) 240, 241, 242, 244, 245,
1777)
262 & n.,
257; ( 1785)
251,
254; ( 1783) 257; ( 1784)
248
1782)
276; •( 1795) 277, 278;
266; ( 1787) 267; ( 1789) 275263; ( 1786)
314; ( 1824) 318- 319; ( 1827) 333;
1797) 280; ( 1814) 298; ( 1823)
586,
529; ( 1862) 585,
1848) 435; ( 1850) 461; ( 1859)
1846)
Confederates
evacuate,
427; (
588; ( 1865)
587,
See
Federal
troops
French
traveller
82,
of
removal
in,
smallpox
189-
unhealthiness
See
586, 664.
College,
& Mary
also
houses
of.
99.
in,
See
considered
Richmond,
removal to.
191.
a,
of,
Hospital.
belonging to college.
Lots,
from
college
French
650.
239.
in,
expected
living
Francis Nicholson
William
Houses;
See
433,
384,
363,
in;
in
Mary College.
French
Army;
also
646,
1765) 184.
Hospitals.
99,
83,
British
by
lots
college
(
See
buildings
invasion
See
in
in
in,
houses
William
250.
in,
French
hospitals
585- 586,
Fires,
in,/, hll. See
fires
Mary
College,
xiii,
in,
troops
670- 671.
descriptions of.
595, 635- 636,
594,
612; ( 1887)
599; ( 1869)
William &
also
589.
684.
Williamsburg Uolding Corporation,
See also Masonic Lodge.
Lodge of Masons,
543.
Williamsburg
xv,
Restoration,
683, 684 687.
Williamsburg
345.
84,
Mr.,
Allison,
86.
Colonel,
Willson,
416.
D.,
W.
Judge
Williamson,
6.
Mr.,
330,
Dr.,
Wilmer,
in President'
Mrs.,
George
Rev.
William
also
Rev.
William
H.
Wilmer.
670.
House,
341.
332.
Rev.
s
to,
monument
See
621.
341,
Dr.,
Rev.
J.,
James,
328.
255.
221,
234, 234,- a.
284.
186, 441.
frames,
Window
glass,
337,
410,
148,
125,
186,
147,
459,
219,
343,
347,
354,
415,
436,
449,
189,
125,
Glass.
England,
also
Shutters.
Blinds;
She
blinds
Window
See
xi.,
168.
Va.,
Winchester,
from
1827),
345.
Thomas,
Window
1826-
86.
297.
208, 212,
Samuel,
Windlass,
president
167,
165,
632.
H. (
84,
Colonel,
Wilson,
626,
T.,
604.
242,
297,
362, 363,
465, 601,
191,
201.
299,
301, 318, 332, 334,
369- 370, 378, 397, 398, 399,
663, 666, 672, 674.
�INDEX
-
Window
sash,
122.
76, 125, 147,
423, 439, 41,
410,
Window
186,
shutters,
334,
601,
438,
187,
439, /.4.9.
378,
369,
354,
337,
509,
313,
397,
674.
See
Blinds;
also
Shutters.
Brafferton,
in
Windows,
in President'
House,
s
in privy, 438.
in Wren Building,
125, 147, 186,
301, 313, 318,
378, 388, 390, 398, 407,
362, 363,
440, 441, 453, 484, 493, 497, 499, 510,
528, 533, 548, 585, 586, 589, 601, 604,
See also
Wren Building.
674.
548.
533,
528,
499,
101,
91,
83,
108,
D6,
277,
220,
226-
354,
219.
362,
363,
390,
398,
203,
488,
549,
666,
674.
343,
193,
344,
436,
438,
512,
666,
515,
672,
to,
a,
438.
in,
193.
boarded,
318,
219,
broken,
broken
438.
378,
219,
334,
410,
511,
benches
354,
203,
354,
188,
614,
hail,
by
candles
186.
chapel,
410.
83.
in,
cellar,
147,
damaged,
to,
See
96,
366,
436, 438, 440, 441.
Mary College.
136,
See
152- b.
Madeira,
152- b,
163,
218,
171,
219,
369.
on,
also
Duties.
163.
219.
mulled,
171.
Wine- whey,
Winninggton-
Winthrop,
Wire,
417,
499.
343, 388, 407,
313,
Repairs, William &
193,
also
135,
99,
duty
n.
188.
round,
Wine,
brok
528, 533.
497.
493,
repairs
484,
440,
a,
also
453.
lowered,
new,
See
378.
193,
tn,
hooks
148,
226-
dormer,
Ingram,
Rt.
C.,
Robert
Arthur
Rev.
Foley, 42.
659.
666.
568.
netting,
Mr.,
292.
Wire
Wirt,
670.
642.
Dr.,
Wise,
General,
Mr.,
H.
A.,
509.
575.
A.,
Henry
521,
of,
letter
S.,
John
Dr.
A.,
R.
524, 561,
626- 627.
668, 669.
651,
662,
A.,
Richard
575,
561,
614.
Wood,
fire
Wood
closet,
Wood
room,
665.
See
Light
Firewood.
188.
440.
627,
665.
398.
Infantry,
Thomas,
Wise
598.
509,
673.
292,
76,
187,
alterations
459,
444,
378,
xiii,
630,
Hotel,
College
in
631,
637,
647.
258,
286,
�INDEX
-
123.
196,
Woodcutter,
Wooden
Woods,
197.
work,
college,
254.
Woodhouse,
James, 491.
Wooding, John, 178.
Col. Archibald,
Woods,
319.
152- a.
675.
Woodshed,
Woolens,
Wootten,
191,
183,
201.
Miss,
669.
Bishop of,
Worcester,
Workmen,
for
of,
wages
of,
See
48,
England,
from
names
640,
636,
632,
98,
607,
116,
608,
649,
665,
57.
542.
90.
29,
5,
29,
9,
13,
25,
46,
52.
8,
etc.
60.
29,
Secretary,
2,
Christopher,
Carpenters,
Briclonasons,
Bricklayers,
also
Wormeley ( Wormley),
46.
R.
Ralph,
7,
5,
Wrapping
Mr.,
47.
311.
McGurder,
Wortham &
Wray,
55,
57,
97,
606,
641,
69, 90,
542, 605,
56,
486,
34, 47, 48, 55,
131,
145, 435, 442,
621, 624, 626, 630,
118,
618,
117,
614,
675.
20.
15,
College,
449.
paper,
211.
198.
Mrs.,
161,
256,
James,
263.
132,
iv, vi,
Wren,
Sir Christopher,
opp. 132, 287,
662, 685, 686.
548, 552, 579, 648, 649,
architectural
132,
of,
characteristics
by, 648, 649, 685.
for building,
accounts
Building,
516,
518,
543,
685.
plans
Wren
accounts
for
addition
to
addition
to
repairs,
55- 59,
See
186- 188.
also
144.
Repairs,
William &
Mary College
Chapel.
See
proposed (
1772- 1776)
ix,
224,
206,
213,
552,
685- 686; ( 1836)
527, 528, 533,
222,
226- a,
238.
of
foundations
494, 497,
( 1868) 604,
493,
558- 559;
See
Repairs ;
also
in
apartments
110,
114,
149,
of
s,
William &
in,
662,
of,
604,
622.
177,
91,
181-
a,
184.
Mary College.
665.
arcade
Professors,
176,
175,
professor'
armory
attic
See
of
balconies
barracks
of,
in,
See
Garrett.
82,
xiii.
384,
395, 396;
548- 550,
rebuilding of.
163,
Rooms,
also
501; ( 1859) xii,
608, 613, 684.
President &
for
description
See
226- a.
s
alterations
1856)
laid,
206.
opp.
plan for,
to ( after fire of 1705),
Jefferson'
390.
also
piazzas of.
94- 95, 96, 98,
184, 215, 388.
109,
�INDEX
Wren
-
124.
Building (
basement
continued)
106,
of,
510,
511,
doors
188,
in,
510,
kitchen
in,
belfry
See
barn,
318,
Kitchens.
also
613, 617.
in,
319.
34/
of,
door
513,
319.
laboratory
used as
188,
310, 318, 319, 323, 398, 438, 441,
514, 566, 601, 613, 617.
398, 438, 441.
511,
512, 513, 514.
See also
Fires ( 1859)
512,
of,
fire
186,
See
Laboratory.
also
of,
312,
329,
312, 329, 386.
replaced ( 1856),
494.
in,
123,
386,
383,
Blue
354.
Cupola
also
bells
362,
363,
386,
494,
532.
in,
windows
See
354,
4,
Room"
of.
125,
406,
in,
143,
411,
169,
312,
412,
329,
527,
538,
344, 345, 354, 357,
561, 568, 620, 648.
366,
280,
281,
289,
320,
344, 349, 354, 360, 361, 369,
399, 440, 441, 458, 511, 512,
514, 515, 517, 549, 650.
color
of,
description
517,
549.
of, 488,
549.
door to, 344,
354, 397, 436, 4/, 1.
fireplace in, 354.
373,
397,
436,
repairs,
wainscot,
brick,
bond
brickwork
See
of,
completion,
building
report,
builders
for
See
72,
40,
90,
54,
68, 69,
146, 149.
140,
also
also
"
Repairs.
Blue Room."
Bricks.
151.
opp.
iv, v,
17,
building of,
65, 66,
near
See
685.
of,
bricks for
See
440.
549.
55-
47,
53,
54,
48,
49, 51,/ 55,
110, 114,
117,
102,
90,
n,
Brickwork.
also
41,
97,
102,
97,
110.
55- 58.
See
Architects;
60,
129,
63,
64,
137,
See also rebuilding of
Builders;
Contractors;
Overseers;
Undertakers.
See also
Bricklayers;
Brickmasons;
Carpenters;
Workmen.
burgesses meet in
See
Burgesses,
House of.
See
Fires 1705,
burning of
1859, 1862.
Surveyors;
69.
buttery
in,
candl& s
for
candles
in
See
capstone
of
laid (
ceilings
in,
265,
arched,
cellars
of
chapel
494.
See
wing
chimneys
264,
511,
1859)
494,
Lighting.
83.
540,
549.
541,
542- 5/ 4,
558,
564.
494.
vaulted,
chimney
Candles;
of,
windows
of
basement of.
See
Chapel.
pieces in, 438,
439.
of, xii,
106,
51, 105,
265,
270,
272,
674.
altered,
441,
in hall,
272.
large,
270.
old
removed,
493.
493
303,
304,
107,
113, 114, 123, 230,
336, 441, 443, 444, 492,
109,
334,
493,
�INDEX
425.
Wren Building
of ( continued)
chimneys
to,
repairs
270, 272, 444.
303, 304, 305.
334, 336.
114, 123,
265,
264,
rebuilt ( 1817),
stack
sweeping of, 105,
taken down ( 1856),
492.
388,
357,
cleaning of, 324,
.
clergy meet in
clerk'
room
s
in,
closets
columns
(
91,
common
166,
Confederates
(
185,
186.
581,
a,
582,
1861-
62),
convocation
room
vi,
in,
526.
613, 617,
of,
122,
See
674.
council
Council
of Virginia
87, 88,
66.
90,
97,
See
also
106,
83, 105,
475, 484, 614,
halls
also
587,
passages
of;
of.
55- 58.
664.
595,
n,
329.
68,
viii,
vi,
in,
on,
cupola
586,
585,
285,
275,
for,
chamber
4c),
584,
583,
127.
124,
of. building ( 1694- 97),
54,
of, 55Jefferson' s estimate
84,
Rooms.
Meals;
also
441,
in,
covered,
See
Contractors.
for
cost
xiii.
594.
588,
corridors
181-
See
use
contractors
cornice
439.
203.
on,
conductors
268,
265,
80.
in,
of laws
revisal
in,
room
188,
187,
in ( 1862),
lodged
stores
committeeibf
106,
396.
for,
pine)
commissary
of.
76.
in,
96,
94,
meetings
Clergy,
burgesses)
(
444.
401,
393,
97-
roof
113,
77,
79,
80,
81,
of.
108,
107,
649,
73, 76,
166 & n.
165,
a,
131,
226-
a,
277,
406,
674.
painted, 406.
See
belfry.
also
damaged
by
damages
damages
to ( 1862)
in,
taught
dancing
of
descriptions
designed
247,
damages
College,
378,
( 1834),
to ( 1781)
storm
387.
270.
269,
See
Fire,
See
1862.
also
William &
Mary
to 1862- 65.
158-
123,
See
a -
159.
William &
iv,
v,
Mary
vi,
quadrangle,
129, 132- n, 491, 648.
Fires, 1705,
See
by fire
as
College,
ix,
vii,
54,
descriptions
of.
60, 110, 111,
112,
destroyed
doors
of,
89,
175,
354,
439,
rbattern,
bars
90- 91,
186,
176,
367, 378,
440, 441,
439, 40
for,
basement,
carpetchanges
folding,
great,
hood
large,
north,
south,
186,
188,
94, 95, 96, 98,
187, 188, 215,
384,
442,
386,
459,
397,
548,
1859,
99,
1862.
100,
105,
106,
264,
329,
337,
344,
398,
558,
407,
428,
436,
438,
564,
570.
.
188.
398,
438, 441.
437, 439.
stripping
in,
548.
for,
91, 95,
186, 264,
334,
441.
186,
264,
113,
337.
337.
438.
over,
438.
378,
387,
109,
277,
439,
533,
558,
564.
11„
�INDEX
126.
-
Wren Building
doors
of ( continued)
third
386.
floor,
balcony, 384.
belfry, 329, 386.
to
to
Room,"
to "Blue
to Chapel,
176,
175,
436,
533,
90, 94,
558,
354,
505,
506,
School,
Grammar
to
397,
344,
318,
89,
441.
564, 613, 617.
97, 98, 99,
96,
95,
100,
378.
186,
188,
to
hall,
to
kitchen,
441.
to
lecture
rooms,
to
library,
to
533,
113.
piazza,
road,
437,
to
187,
upstairs,
176,
dormitories
501.
209,
181-
268,
from
of,
209.
531,
for
opp.
131.
to,
entrance
steps
exterior
changes
See
444.
See
also
also
124,
also
141,
( 1856) ,
repaired,
See
cleared
for
for
French
funds
after
438,
for
See
Hospitals,
building
See
William &
furnishing
furniture
See
a.
in
26,
of,
gallery
105,
garret
in,
v,
closets
in,
plastering
27,
54,
also
63,
Furniture.
See
in
in,
1862.
1859,
397, 428,
492,
439,
493,
494,
512,
47,
152-
chapel,
1705,
366,
118,
529.
98, 117,
118.
117,
fire
of 1705,
226- a.
iv,
addition,
hospital
354,
Floors.
Flooring;
of,
Fires,
265,
492, 493, 494.
438, 439.
437?,
422,
also
foundations
to;
Hearths.
Grates;
396, 422, 423, 437?,
586, 599.
585,
damaged
by students, 494.
new,
396.
of,
relaid
alterations
also
97- a.
See
a.
Steps.
Stairways;
Stairs;
See
527.
1705?) ,
84, 97106, 109,
at ( 1704) ,
in,
students.
604.
in ( 1859) ,
rebuilding of.
in building ( ca.
fireplaces
527.
building,
Rooms,
also
elevations
floors
501.
493,
501.
to,
staircases
faults
346,
268,
209,
a,
493.
removal
fires
617.
169- 170,
493.
in,
169- 170.
rebuilt,
See
386.
in,
curtains
old,
617.
215.
in,
arches
new,
439.
188,
613,
arched,
doorway,
367, 397.
558, 564, 613,
570.
western,
wicket,
264.
109.
268.
265,
265.
of,
268.
76,
Chapel.
in Wren Building.
funds
Mary College,
102,
113.
for.
�INDEX
Wren
127.
continued)
Building (
Assembly meets
General Assembly.
General
Court
girders
lazing
in,
Grammar
School
97- a.
See
in
Glass;
in
See
See
in
grates
Great Hall"
iv,
of,
102 &
125,
185,
220,
129,
186,
Grammar
272,
door
of,
97,
97-
a,
98,
264.
meet
in,
76,
in,
celebrations
held
chimney
Burgesses,
also
House
of.
102.
171,
in,
See
549.
Clergy,
also
meetings
of.
170.
in,
in,
102.
of,
descriptions
186,
of,
See
100.
97- a.
over,
dancing
87,
220.
272.
meet
concerts
272.
204,
in,
of,
chimney
doors
87,
110,
113-o114, 119,
109,
171,
181- a,
144, 149, 154, 166, 170,
216,
217,
218, 219,
204, ppp. 206,
549, 649.
275, 332, 343,
133,
193,
188,
268,
85,
80,
108,
106,
105,
n..
of,
burgesses
clergy
Court.
School.
76,
68,
vii,
v,
131,
264,
over
chapel
General
also
of;
Glazing.
trimmer
arch &
House
Burgesses,
Grates.
100,
arch
See
74.
at,
See
in
General
131,
188,
in,
examinations
166.
in,
entertainments
154.
133,
264.
See
also
concerts
in.
144.
of,
109.
school in. 549.
grammarin,
272.
hearth
268,
gallery
171,
in,
served
meals
181-
185,
a,
193,
216,
217,
218,
219,
275.
85, 98, 204,
113- 114.
in,
orations
in,
pictures
of ( Jefferson'
plan
to,
repairs
sash
steps
glass
to,
uses
of,
windows
of,
gutters
hall of
halls
for,
of,
also
Repairs,
William &
Window- glass.
Steps.
also
87,
73.
454?,
in,
also
644, 674.
See
also
367,
passages of.
of,
549.
685.
enttence,
long,
268.
lower,
367,
354.
334,
upper,
370.
367,
whitewashed,
hearths
in,
97-
358,
230,
a,
Gutters.
231, 268, 324, 334, 338, 341, 344, 354,
368, 369, 386, 388, 397, 398, 422, 423,
549,
585, 613, 617, 674, 685.
499,
439,
6crridors
central,
572,
Hall.
230,
217,
363,
188.
in,
round)
187,
109,
See
Great
357,
main,
Mary College.
97.
(
428, 438,
See
also
See
125.
See
264.
206.
opp.
See
272, 332.
stores
gunners'
s)
220.
231,
369.
231.
265,
See
268,
also
272,
Whitewashing.
438?,
443?.
�INDEX
Wren
128.
-
continued)
Building (
heating of
See
in
See
infirmary
kitchen
124,
440,
See
129,
lecture-
new
Gov.
See
110,
109,
266?,
265,
112,
319,
See
in
rooms
See
Lecture
106,
105,
110,
See
of.
See
also
Great
See
also
Builders;
Paint;
See
passages
to.
Hall.
Contractors;
Undertakers.
of
in,
addition
97.
Wings
See
Surveyors;
painting
Lanterns.
113.
Overseers.
See
wing of
for
Lamps;
Chandeliers;
Candles;
See
overseer
vooms.
Library.
in ( 1705),
Painting.
87,
217,
230,
231,
268,
324,
334,
357,
364,
367,
368,
369,
370,
386,
388,
338,
397,
423,
428;
193,
226-
See
also
106,
95,
of;
halls
113,
107,
pictures
pictures
of ( illustrations),
434,
of,
elevation
in,
library
for
plan
student'
pictures
plans for
s
186,
See
422,
354,
82,
157,
368,
319,
162,
646,
604, 619,
585,
a_,
Arcade.
also
pages
opp.
551,
541,
284, 325,
682, 687.
604.
opp.
646.
opp.
to,
addition
of,
ruins
496,
485,
344,
398,
of.
131,
604, 649.
548,
499,
in, 113,
114.
489,
341,
386.
secret,
corridors
88,
piazzas,
123,
439,
Chemical
building proposed for
Nicholson in,
89, 90,
north
106,
264,
William ks Mary College.
room;
Laboratory.
Kitchens,
in
library in
lighting of
lodgers
105,
a,
1861- 62.
1781- 82;
219,
187,
1L5,
Building,
441.
also
laboratory
Wren
Hospitals,
Infirmary.
89, 97, 97-
74,
in,
Fuel;
Stoves.
Grates;
hospital
Firewood;
Fireplaces;
Coal;
See
opp.
room
in,
206.
541.
of ( mentioned),
492.
opp.
xii , 427,
addition
See
addition
435,
548,
529,
684.
649,
to.
gr1859) 519, 520, 521, 523, 525, 526, 528,
See also
568.
rebuilding of
See also
602, 604.
for rebuilding ( 1862)
rebuilding of.
plans
See
in
Plastering.
plastering
porch chamber of, 98.
of, 34 4.,
368, 370, 443, 583..
porches
plans
for
rebuildin.
532,
531,
portico
of,
226-
a,
493.
453,
440,
quadrangle
intended
See
designed
as quadrangle.
rebuilding
of (
fire
of
vi- vii,
after
119,
120
149,
486956,
funds
for,
nearly
on
old
rebuilding
523,
536,
21,
completed (
walls,
116,
112,
115,
125,
129,
131,
557, 649.
118, 119, 121.
vi- vii,
1716),
123,
124,
519,
531,
520,
532,
116- 117,
131.
122,
114- 117,
1705)
556,
123,
124,
133,
137,
521,
522,
533,
534,
557.
515,
516,
528,
530,
of ( 1859),
xii,
524,
525,
526,
510,
527,
537,
540,
541,
542- 544,
545,
558,
559,
564,
565,
118,
148,
�INDEX
-
129.
Wren Building
continue4
of ( 1859)[
rebuilding
650.
594,
593,
541, 542- 544.
540,
xii,
527, 532, 533, 534, 536,
1859),
551- 552, 559, 565.
541, 542,
540,
for,
contract
530, 531, 532, 533.
516, 520, 5l, 522, 526,
toward,
515,
510,
contributions
565.
559,
533, 536, 537,
530,
laid,
capstone
Cot.,
completed (
558,
544- 545,
558, 564.
old
walls,
519- 520,
548, 550, 552.
543,
on
564) .
of,
cost
in,
faults
605,
606,
617,
618,
65o,
608,
619,
607,
616,
xiv,
592, 597, 602, 603, 604,
610- 611, 612, 613, 614, 615,
609,
626, 630, 633, 638, 639, 640,
620 ,
1862),
of
fire
after
654.
604.
for,
Mr.
t1928-
of
of,
152-
a,
321,
Blue
484,
574,
school
278,
287,
365,
529,
Shingles;
Roans,
William &
Lecture-
589,
of,
76.
See
Roan;
Great
See
607,
also
Hall;
118; ( 1859) 511,
602, 608.
1862)
593;
(
513,
514,
516,
old.
also
Windows
of.
667.
in ( 1884),
William
See
in
307,
398, 413,
564, 568,
303,
377,
558, 563,
602„ 604, 606,
674, 684.
Shingling.
117,
of,
109,
148,
Library.
roans;
115i
591,
walls
375,
College.
Mary
Chemical
Chapel;
Roam;
also
schools
277,
Slate;
551,
sashing
276,
Roof;
of ( 1705- 1709),
See
107,
374,
541,
511,
594, 599,
589,
665- 666, 672,
644, 663,
Laboratory;
ruins
106,
346,
345,
499,
575,
108,/
105,
See
in,
Mary College.
66,
also
See
roams
340,
440,
573,
642,
313,
422,
572,
640,
616.
613,
683- 687.
51, 54, 55 & n.,
187, 188, 245,
49,
610- 611,
609,
662.
in,
Richardson
roof
1931)
607,
William &
Repairs,
See
to
restoration
606,
605,
to,
subscriptions
repairs
626,
619,
608, 609, 610, 612, 615, 616, 618,
630, 633, 638, 639, 640.
627, 638, 654.
cost of, 613, 616- 617, 626,
ccanpleted,
plans
540,
528,
527,
527.
for,
specifications
rebuilding (
525,
524,
523,
521,
and
Mary
College,
courses
offered
at;
professorships in.
sea
captains
second
floor
617.
in,
84.
of,
97-
See
a,
also
354, 369,
Rooms.
in, 77,
109.
Shingles.
See
Slate.
See
for,
slate
Wings of;
south wing of, See
106.
speaker' s room in,
secretary'
shingles
s
383,
493,
office
for
Chapel.
497,
501,
549,
613,
�INDEX
Wren
-
130.
( continued)
Building
staircases
in,
80,
354, 438, 439, 549.
87, 89, 97, 105, 109,
209,
in,
84,
stairs
209,
296,
422, 428.
586.
481, 493, 499, 585,
231?, 264,
318, 341, 344, 357,
186,
131,
in,
443, 445, 447, 453, 456,
424, 437, 439, // 1,
363,
370,
388,
in,
stairways
steps
an
1859- 62)
(
in,
528,
541,
594,
xiii,
xii,
532,
152-
118,
152-
303,
524,
511,
525,
549,
598,
526,
527,
550,
601,
551,
n,
606,
613,
616.
55- n, 89, 98, 99, 105, 106,
231,
230,
184, 220, 224, 227,
516, 517, 519, 520, 521, 523,
544,
540,
543,
T9, 533, 537,
556, 557, 570, 579, 591, 593,
617, 644, 666, 672.
a,
514,
528,
513,
552,
616,
613,
548, 550, 552, 556, 557.
514, 516, 519, 520, 521,
513,
511,
528, 529, 533, 540, 543, 548, 550,
after
fire
of 1705,
vi, 116,
after
fire
of 1859,
xii,
551,
556,
579.
152-
89, 98, 99, 105
building of ( 1695- 1698),
brick,
for,
buttresses
See
interior,
184,
526.
increased,
to;
116,
vi,
painted
traces
of
fire
of,
weathercock
glass
window
sashes
193,
also
after
fires.
Plastering.
552.
See
215.
76.
83, 91,
of,
76,
Glass;
See
220,
354,
363,
453,
548,
440,
528,
533,
67a,
also
378,
to,
499,
528,
of.
186, 187, 188,
a,
277,
301, 313, 318, 334, 343,
388, 390, - 398, 407, 410, 436,
497, 499, 510, 511, 512,
493,
586, 589, 601, 604, 614, 666,
108,
674.
alterations
484,
585,
doors
Window- glass.
Sashes;
Sashing.
106,
226-
219,
515,
also
101,
203,
438,
Cupola.
also
See
362,
441,
344,
See
Whitewashing.
See
176,
in,
for
of,
558, 564.
See also Wren Building,
Whitewashing.
Plastering;
548, 551, 552, 556, 557,
666.
475, 593.
548, 550,
See
277.
on,
doors
windows
666.
642.
window
wicket
of 1705,
of
( 1884)
616.
98,
89,
in.
See
644,
613,
601,
whitewashing
washing
617.
Brickwork.
537.
exterior),
of,
617;
613,
540, 543,
616, 617, 672.
interior,
of
down,
thickness
613,
231,/
230,
changes
533,
color,
stone
plastering
stuccoed (
taken
529,
601,
598,
579,
227,
224,
alterations
613,
fires.
elevation
old,
601,
Bricks;
See also building of.
55- 59.
529; ( 1868)
519,
after
also
n.
54,
598,
570.
of ( 1859)
condition
594,
593,
See also
591,
xiii,
1862,
of
fire
after
527,
557,
525,
524,
552,
523,
411
605,
54,
xiv,
475,
594,
also
664.
595,
n,
116,
548,
See
526.
549. .
203,
vi,
of,
walls
493,
527,
55-
of ( est.)
value
wainscot
Builders;
Roams.
Dormitories;
towers
34%, 386,
282,
84,
of,
floor
493.
Architects;
also
411,
Undertakers.
Overseers;
Contractors;
third
See
Surveyor.
See
of
surveyor
388,
533,
548
125,
147,
�INDEX
-
131.
Wren Building
windows
continued )
(
438.
in,
benches
boarded,
193.
broken,
219, 318, 354,
broken by hail,
219.
363,
390,
398,
488, 549,
to ( 1769),
193, 378.
226- a, 440, 484, 499.
666,
410.
674.
candles
in,
cellar,
362,
186.
chapel,
damage
dormer,
148,
147,
in,
hooks
83.
203,
453.
528, 533.
493, 497.
See
lowered,
new,
Wren
also
Building,
alterations
to.
193, 313, 343, 388, 407, 436, 438, 440, 441.
188.
William & Nary College.
See also
Windows,
226- a, 241, 242, 244, 245, 341, 357,
of,
xii, 82,
iv, vii,
wings
396, 402, 428, 510, 511,
365, 374, 375, 377, 378, 387,
512, 514, 515, 566, 604, 613, 617, 664, 672, 674.
to,
repairs
round,
428.
in,
rooms
north,
See
510, 512,
Great Hall.
also
vii,
south,
See
514,
xii,
iv,
511,
604, 613, 617.
566,
617.
613,
515,
515,
Chapel.
also
Wainscot.
Repairs;
See also
423, 459, 511.
also
See
Paint;
Painting.
painted, 423.
See also
repaired,
Repairs.
459.
Workmen.
Carpenters;
for
Bricklayers;
See
workmen
woodwork
L.,
Sallie
Wright,
H.,
William
Writing
Writing
iv,
of,
room,
George,
255,
571.
372.
master,
salary
Wythe,
in,
14,
56,
54,
31,
85,
74,
92,
99,
103,
175.
iv.
plan
ix,
259,
of,
170,
opp.
201,
206.
described
259.
general,
judge, 262
by N. Webster,
lectures
234,
233,
270,
262- 263,
234-
a,
237,
243,
247,
248,
249,
271.
of,
attorney
chancery
262,
263- n.
234.
247.
of, 243,
letters
moot court held by, 237.
of law and police,
professor
of laws by,
revisal
234- a.
622, 623,
H.,
Wynne,
Thomas
Wy-- &
Ellison,
628,
ix,
233,
234,
259,
262.
661.
569J
XYZ.
Yale
University,
Yard,
William &
250,
237,
Mary
419.
College,
301,
381,
319,
383,
475,
616,
489,
324,
395,
501,
633,
634,
333,
399,
561,
638,
583,
434,
586,
182,
226- a, 300,
173,
359, 365, 376, 377, 380,
4% 4, 455, 450, 459, 471,
591,
594, 606, 609, 613,
641,
643,
649,
vii,
xv,
403,
355,
413,
563,
640,
341,
161,
357,
654, 663, 664,
666, -
�INDEX
Yard,
-
132.
William & Mary College
671, 673, 675.
at
at
Brafferton, 455, 458, 471.
President' s House,
182,
183,
back,
355,
bell
359,
561.
in,
buildings
377,
House;
in,
cattle
defense
front,
See
William &
also
also
341,
Elms;
643.
357.
380,
a,
of,
See
See
399.
buried
in,
in,
buildings
Trees.
Fences;
descrip-
Paling;
Wall.
Walks.
also
xv.
See
173,
of,
in
365,
See
638,
to,
repaiPs_$
in
statue
wall
College,
Pales;
also
buildings in.
See also Pales;
403.
across ( 1862),
palisade
594.
See also
Pumps;
pump for, 395.
See
in
trees
Mary
563.
in
outbuildings
privies
etc.
161.
in,
walks
palling
Building,
President' s
643.
in,
Minor
new
Wren
Bakehouse;
Privies;
594.
649.
See
301.
377,
levelling
marl
Brafferton;
also
Outbuildings;
of.
226-
grass
in,
of,
tions
in,
See
xv.
Dairy;
Smokehouse;
works
fenced,
459.
563.
324.
description
elms
380,
in ( new),
Brewhouse;
L.
( continued)
Necessary
639, 641.
Botetourt
Trees.
See
Paling.
Wells.
house;
Privies.
statue.
around,
See also
583.
Fences;
Paling.
324.
See also:
Fences;
Paling; Trees; Wells, etc.
180,
Yates, Mr.,
209, 219.
student,
209.
Mrs.,
183, 185.
weeded,
Rev.
Bartholomew,
vii,
149.
of theology,
professor
149.
William, viii, 180, 182, 216.
estate
of
of
college
(
Yeardley, Governor, i.
Yerbury, John, 183.
York County, Va.,
7,
13, 81,
boundary of ( 1769), 194.
dragoons
York
York
of,
for,
viii,
180.
194.
8,
18,
13,
17,
for
site
25,
28,
33,
36,
211,
226-
a,
427,
590.
589,
proposed
York- Hampton
Parish,
Yorkshire,
England,
Yorktown,
Virginia,
siege
149,
1764),
13.
33.
Old Fields,
6, 7,
on
1761-
81.
7,
River,
land
Divinity School.
also
182.
president
port
See
of,
surrender
241,
at,
of
college,
6,
7,
149.
ii,
iv,
33,
160,
242,
246.
431,
683.
vii,
475,
61, 153.
586, 588,
648.
8,
13,
17,
25,
33.
�INDEX
133.
-
Yorktown
Campaign,
Yorktown
Centennial,
Young,
Mrs.,
John,
107.
104, 106,
ordinary
Katherine,
96Rev.
663.
106,
of,
of,
William,
662,
89.
104,
douse
590.
271,
106,
William,
107.
97.
113.
534,
537.
107.
�
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Goodwin, Mary R. M.
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PDF Text
Text
The Palace Lands,
1700- 1790
Patricia Gibbs
1980
Colonial
Williamsburg
Foundation
Library
Research
Report Series -
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library
Williamsburg,
1990
Virginia
234
�THE
LANDS,
PALACE
1700- 1790
by
Patricia
Research
Department
Colonial
Williamsburg
March
1980
Foundation
A.
Gibbs
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-::
r.
I
01
i
PALACE
College
456- 457]
virons
of
gress].
Research
E' -
of
of
1"
Scale:
1790
LANDS,
Bounds
The
. -.-
superimposed
2
deed ( dated
the
William
and
on
in
a
Mary
to
detail
September
June
Samuel
of
1790,
Smith
recorded
17
January
McCroskey [ York
Desandrollins
Map # 57 [ 1782]
1781 [ Rochambeau
Collection,
a
1791)
County
1250'
from
Deeds
6:
showing the enLibrary of Con-
Williamsburg
Photocopies of both documents are located in the Colonial Williamsburg
L.-1 H er" ig 13. ( s•;II 3Tr.
aau,v45 cQrawr• ..
Center.
III
�CONTENTS
Page
Frontispiece
1
Introduction
Section
I:
Transactions
Section
II:
Land
Involving
1700- 1790
Lands,
Palace
the
2
5
Use
Key Documents:
Act
of
1706
5
Act
of
1710
6
Proposal
of
of Construction
and Rebuilding:
Construction
Major Renovation
1706-
(
8
1721)
c.
Covered
of
Addition
Possible
8
May # 57 ( 1782)
Desandrouins
Initial
6
Inventory ( 1770)
Botetourt
Stages
6
1710
c.
Way (
and Addition
9
1730)
c.
of North Wing
10
1752- 1754)
c.
Possible
Enlargement (
Governor'
s
Discussion
of
Office
after
11
11
1776)
by
(
1771)
November
Subdivisions:
13
Kitchen
Yard
Kitchen
Garden
14
Orchard
and
16
Stable
Yard
Formal
Garden
and
18
Canal
22
Park
23
Pasture
26
Land
Arable
Woodland
27
Wasteland
30
The
Chronology:
and
Palace
1700- 1790
Lands,
Palace
the
31
Appendix:
1.
Extract
of
4
2.
Extract
of
deed
Keith
3.
Extract
from
recorded
of
Fauquier
deed
17
August
from
20
1768
April
Extract
5.
Text of Act of 1706
Waller
the
to
Council
July
39
Moody
to Francis
40
1760
of
the
Council
journal
directing the building
42
Act
of
1710
for
finishing
the
Palace
44
1723- 1774
47
6.
Text
7.
Semi- annual
8.
Extract of 24 July 1776 journal of the Council
of
9.
41
of the
Palace
of
38
James
1747
Matthew
11
of
journal
Benjamin
recorded
4.
of
1701
September
Totals
of
Palace
Repairs,
53
State
Edmund Randolph' s account with Humphrey Harwood,
28
October
1786 -
10
January
1790
54
�Page
10.
Extract
11.
of
Text
House
12.
of
deed
from the College of William and Mary
McCroskey recorded 17 January 1791
Proposal [
c.
17101: "
For rendring the new
Samuel
to
S.
Convenient
Text of Inventory
The
Commonwealth
Harwood,
well
as
59
Ornamental"
of the Personal
Estate
of Lord
60
1770
Botetourt,
13.
as
of Virginia'
August -
17
21
1709
s account
September
Petition
with
Humphrey
75
1776
the
Council
14.
Text
15.
Extract of 9- 16 September 1781 entry from Timothy
of
Cary'
Henry
57
s
to
76
Pickering' s journal printed in Octavius Pickering,
The
16.
April
Extract
of
Kenzie,
110
of
Timothy
77
Pickering
Text of John Custis' s Letter
18
17.
Life
to Philip
Ludwell
II,
78
1717
Rev.
16
Thomas
February
Fielde'
1771
s
letter
to
Dr.
Mac
82
�H
U)
0
a)
0
•,-
O
i" 1
I
0
m
1
0
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�411
ACQUISITION
OF
THE
Letters
opposite
page.
PALACE
LANDS,
on the map
1700- 1790
correspond
to
transactions
cited
on the
�2-
200
more
acres
Summary
1700 (
from
into
second
section
the
discusses
were
SECTION
A,
Letters
to
next
which
of
section
the
1775.
the Palace
1790 ( when
to
by
acres
various
the
this
5
Lands
property
The
report.
subdivisions
of
Involving
are
summarized
below
1700- 1790
Lands,
Palace
the
in
chronological
order.
and F on the map on the opposite page correspond to transactions
D,
Bracketed
below.
cited
functions
the
364
involving
acquired)
in
appear
Transactions
transactions
C,
about
put.
I.
Land
the
to
transactions
was
portion
ownership)
total
the
to land
initial
private
property
bringing
references
the
when
passed
added,
were
numbers
refer
to
expanded
references
located
in
the
Appendix.
Around 1700 the Council selected a parcel of land in Williamsburg
A.
of about 12 acres extending along the city' s northern boundary between Henry
Street
and
Lot
lots.
city
York
during
the
See
for
records
recorded
were
5.
deeds
County
and
latter
The
No
in
175
in
bought
was
additional
purchased
this
or
from
subsequent
1790--
until
General
the
63
acres
Henry
Tyler
to
additions
probably
Court,
in York
owing
for £63
the
to the
the proceedings
County
adjoining
sterling.
Lands6
Palace
fact
[
that
of which were
the
1]
appear
the deeds
destroyed
Civil War.
Section
I of
this
report.
6.
Nineteenth- century town plats indicate that the block east of Henry Street
Since these lots
Williamsburg' s northern boundary contained Lots 218- 227.
belonged to the Palace Lands by 1700,
it is not clear why the Trustees of
Williamsburg granted nine lots ( specified as 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225,
No mention
226, and 227) to Major John Holloway of York County on 14 May 1715.
on
of
Holloway'
disposition
s
noted
about
why
clerk
erred
in
County
Deeds
3:
Lot
219
recording
66- 68;
of
was
the
property
excluded
numbers
photocopy
of
CW
from
lots
was
the
recorded,
group
granted
Research
to
of
nor
lots.
Holloway
Center].
was
any
explanation
Perhaps
that
the county
day [
York
�3-
B.
of
Trade
In June
and
Spotswood
Plantationsto
requested
40
exchange
permission
of
acres
Col.
from
Philip
the
Council
Ludwell'
s woodland
i iQN1SbNr
pe4►
t
nadjoining-
bordering
of
part
a
Ludwell'
on
the
Palace
with
acres,
In
D.
or
In
E.
1760
current
houses,
more
In
the Governor' s Lands
this
However,
Gov.
Lt.
40- acre
near
tract
Jamestown
never
became
Matthew
1768
the
the
Fauquier
purchased
Palace" Lands
from
about
John
and
52
Elizabeth
2]
[
Fauquier
from
Francis
joining
money.
1760
April
of
7
houses,
more
May
acres
plantation.
January
or
one
s
Lands.
for £ 250
Ferguson
a for 40
glace
C.
one
1713
purchased
an
Moody
for £ 70
Council
added
35-
adjoining
current
about
87
tract,
acre
money.
[
3]
acres
to
the
with
Palace
Lands when they bought the tracts mentioned in C and D from Fauquier' s estate
£ 250
for
F.
definitely
to
make
7.
a
Sometime
1775)
by
total
Spotswood
exchange,
led
to
Colonial
Series,
284- 287;
29
364
Botetourt
Lords
2:
the
His
8
29- 30,
transfer
151-
159.
Initially
Ludwell agreed to the
The Council of Trade
by patent.
confirmed
was
Spotswood'
s
27 America
and
to
came
removal
West
from
and Ludwell
office
thereafter,
and others which
[ Calendar
of
State
Papers,
1712- July 1714 ( London,
1926) :
1716- July 1717 ( London,
1930) :
Indies:
Indies:
to the governor and
Shortly
nothing.
the governor
and
West
it
but
Majesty,
arose between
America
Dunmore ( but
and
acres.
93- 95].
We
of
tenures
noted that the request would be advantageous
to
differences
eventually
the
the Palace Lands were enlarged by approximately 200 acres
about
providing
disservice
sharp
of
during
Letters,
and Plantations
no
[ 4]
sterling.
July
January
n
do
T
presently know^
After the York County
not
property.
the Palace Lands joined Ludwell' s
o
tract
is
map
we
completed,
should
be
able
to
identify the owners of property adjoining the Palace Lands.
8.
No written evidence documents
1775.
The
recorded,
for
land
receiver-
only
e. e1- r
journals
are
of
the
incomplete
purchases
were
for
totals
zeta.
survive,
d
6y
this
included
general presented
the
p. a.:10/0s
semi-
details
-
the
Council,
200- acre addition made between
where
such
information
should
1768 and
have
been
period.
It is possible
that payments made
in the accounts
of Palace repairs which the
annually
of
3wly' ff03
these
to
the
governor
accounts
are
and
the
unknown.
Council.
Since
�s
I
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•
aoTggo
•
zagmaoag
quasazdaz
uT
szallaq
szsq
pamnsss.
pauTT1no
pus '
zouzano2 '
pus
pTTos
zagoloo '
pea
•
zsa4
zua4
4Tnr '
agq
aqa
aunt '
aquoTpuT.
quasazdaz
TTzdy
uT
apTs
1q
szaquinu
paluasazd
:
alp
Tz
aq1
3o
uo
L
uialT
sauTT
uT
szuaddu
paaloa
sTslol
alp
go &
insTT
auauiiisd goua go slunoms
•
gluoui alp quasazdaz gdsz2 alp go uuinToa aS1TJ alp
azaM
saun000s
suoTsu000
aga
Tuzanas
uo
•
TTounoo
aql go sBuTlaam zaquianoN pus / iuy1 alp au slTsdaz aosTsa zoj slun000s paquasazd 4Tunsn Tszaua2- zanTaaaz au
17LLT-£
ZLT '
sxlyaax
HDV' iVa
do
savIal ' Iyf1NRV- IW2S
ft
VN
LW
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ty
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ooCAP
ovot
oGIX
�4-
G.
In
Lands,
Palace
public
165
use was
acreage
of
section
1775.
and
were
reunited.
After
Governor'
deducting
one-
a
for
200
acres
the
governor'
corresponds
Capitol
to
to
in
area
use
addition
Richmond
in
of
College
was
since
acquired
1780,
vested
the
two
the Palace
William
ordered
and
designated
of the property
200- acre
college
of the
military]
The
8]
[
Assembly
the
the
fee,
sales
percent
use.
s
a division
[ i. e. ,
public
the
moved
Jamestown
near
approved
portion
act of the General
Lands
s
Henry
the northeast
the
A 1784
H.
the
undoubtedly
this
1768
for
acres
Patrick
Gov.
aside
setting
about
leaving
1776
July
and
the
between
parts
Lands
and
After
Mary.
to pay
for
the profit
9
to
the
treasury.
state
Around 1786 Edmund Randolph
I.
10
unrecorded
an
Beginning
the
acquired
in 1723 the receiver- general
Council
the
and
through
That year Randolph mortgaged the property to Robert
agreement.
and
governor
the Palace Lands
for
repairs
presented
and
semi- annual accounts
changes
to
made
the
Palace,
to
its
lands.
Early legislation clearly
surrounding
used for initial
and later repairs.
construction
distinActs
money
guished
passed in 1706 and 1710 specified that repairs and subsequent changes be paid
the
from
royal
revenues (
two shillings collected for every hogshead of tobacco
exported
from
Virginia) .
Payments
made from these revenues
between
15 & 6]
outbuildings,
the
to
between
1723
and
1774
in
paid
was
1114: 6: 7
annual
item
9.
7
William
the
after
1753
when
between
1769
and
high.
One
the
W.
or
expenses
varied
Lt.
Gov.
Hugh
the
north
1774,
of
more
illustrated
payments,
of
that
1726
November
unusually
semi-
in
in
made
payments
are
indicate
November
was
wing
A
considerably.
Drysdale
died
added
to
low
a high
the
Palace.
the last year for which records
these
graph
the
on
represent
may
on
the
of £ 7: 12: 2
and
land
of
Several
survive,
The
purchases.
opposite
page,
are
listed
Appendix.
Hening,
comp. ,
Statutes
11( Philadelphia,
Large. . .
at
1823) :
405- 407.
10.
Between October 1786 and December
for
numerous
repairs
Corroborative
Williamsburg
list
owning
15
tax
is
shown
lots.
that
records.
as
Property
owning
1789 Henry Harwood
at
outbuildings
evidence
land
he
where
to
the
Randolph
owned
Randolph'
s
18
transfers
lots.
indicate
charged Edmund
19]
the property
Randolph
Palace.
name
first
Between
that
1789
St.
appears
appears
and
George
on
1794
the
he
Tucker
in the
1788
is
tax
listed
acquired
3 lots from Randolph in 1789 and that Samuel McCroskey acquired 15 lots from
Randolph
in
1795.
A
two- to- five
year
time-
lag
in
recording
property
transfers
as
�5-
but retained
Greenhow,
other
the right
Sometime
profits.
before
to possess
June
1790
the land
and receive
the Palace
Lands
rents
reverted
and
to
the
11
college.
In June 1790 Samuel Smith McCroskey purchased the 364- acre
J.
called
tract
current
money.
Lands
Palace
the
from
of
College
the
and
William
for £ 1300
Mary
10]
[
References
to
the
Land
II.
SECTION
of
use
Use
Lands
Palace
the
so
fragmentary,
are
this
section pieces together what can be known about the location and appearance
of
parts of the property and tries to relate the function of each part to the
governor'
main
two
work
s
household
areas:
1)
and ( 2)
yards;
together
(
the
the
called
usually
and
Palace
by
the text refer to extended
its
contemporaries
references
outbuildings,
adjoining
meadows,
surrounding
The property can be divided into
life.
social
and
economy
pastures,
park."
the
"
gardens,
orchards,
and
Bracketed
numbers
and
woodlands,
within
located in the Appendix.
A study of land use at the Palace rests on five key documents:
1.
for
is
building
not
Act
1706:
State
in
In
kitchen,
house,
a
uncommon
Virginia
of
land
the
1706
and
photocopy
Library,
for
stable
lists
tax
General
the
[
the
Williamsburg
CW Research
appropriated £ 3000
Assembly
The
governor.
Tax
Land
specified
1782- 1861,
Records,
Center] .
The fact that Edmund Randolph was plagued with indebtedness
11.
act
during these
years may explain why he mortgaged the Palace Lands to Robert Greenhow in 1786
York
to
County
St.
Tucker-
photocopy
York County
110
434- 437,
6:
Tucker
Coleman
CW
Edmund
Deeds
George
Papers,
Research
Deeds
Randolph,
389- 390] ;
in
6:
1675-
1956,
Center];
456- 457
Swem
Tucker
Library,
Lots
purchased
recently
George
to
Edmund
College
164,
163,
Randolph,
of William
and
169
2 July 1788,
and Mary,
and eventually lost possession of the Palace Lands
and
1753- 1789" ( Ph. D
442- 443] .
sold
1788 [ St.
Charles
F.
dissertation,
Hobson, "
Emory
The Early
University,
Career
1971) ,
of
pp.
�6-
dimensions
have
building
roof.
the
governor
in 1710
This
Act
approval
As
before,
of
the
in
well
document
a
pasture,
and
jwas
house
with
Alexander
Gov.
£
435
and
build
extended
Council,
was
and
approval
work.
[
5]
arrived
wooden
the
charged
stable
formal
courtyard,
a
houses
standing
to
and
the governor' s house.
out
of " necessary
were
the
lay
to
the
the
slate
built
Spotswood
kitchen,
house,
the
out
carrying
a
be
to]
with
who,
overseer"
pasture,
powers
and
by
for
pasture,
but
4.
the
the
for
cattle
and ornamental
overseer
with
with
who,
carrying
out
the
interior
the
Palace.
the
Botetourt
lists
formal
that
personal
inventory (
furnishings,
References
to
1710
outbuildings,
recommendations
estate,
for
completing
1770) :
were
60
acres
service
15
about
the
wrote
about
gardens,
comprised
furnishings,
whether
s
and
have
committee
details
since
instance,
For
must
Further
the
Palace
Proposal for rendring the new House Convenient
"
residence
interior
Botetourt'
1710:
c.
labeled
orchard
and
considered
dations
of
Ornamental."
as
gardens,
the
Lt.
act;
purchase
broad
governor
Proposal
3.
a
the
said
and
windows,
an act for finishing
1706
orchard,
for
the
complete
the
sash
6]
[
for
200
after
the two- story brick
vault,
charged
was
passed
to
of
that
the
respects
Soon
in
garden,
and £
poultry;
furniture."
as
1710:
of
twine?]
discretion
Council,
the
a
other
the
directions
to
kitchen
garden,
appear
and
all
appropriated £ 1650
according
work.
to
and directed
cellars,
the General Assembly
act
the
in "
that
according
2.
and
convenient
Beyond
finished
of
and building materials
acres.
were
yards,
to
be
enclosed
kitchen
proposal--
The
act-- contains
specific
evidently
recommen-
and fencing for the gardens
implemented
is
unknown.
The room- by- room inventory
[
and
11]
of Gov.
taken shortly after his death in October 1770,
slaves,
particular
livestock,
rooms,
and
specific
exterior
equipment
outbuildings,
and
at
a
list
�7-
of
furniture
standing
items paid for out of public funds and
(
411
longing
to
the
also
colony)
in
appear
inventory.
the
[
therefore be-
12]
The items listed should fairly accurately reflect the usual stock
of consumable
days
and
instance,
kitchen
death.
s
would
candles
document
this
at the Palace
Botetourt'
after
erages,
goods
to
references
of
yard
of
hired
the
referred
are
staff,
to
slave
Betetourt'
inventory.
the
inventory
usual
few
time
used
eaten,
items
free,
s estate
as
should
accounts
of
"
show
be
that
bev-
Nevertheless,
For
inventories.
located
associated
in
laborers
in
the
with the
The
considered
all
food,
as
Out- Houses."
The
also
such
ones
inconsistent:
collectively
to be taken nine
broken.
or
up,
named but outbuildings
and
began
shortcomings
are
outbuildings
yard are specifically
stable
been
the
this
During
have
some
reflects
since
dispersal
studying
hired
by
the
the
12
stopped
day
On
the
employed
fact
for
varying
The
periods.
Botetourt
that
died.
he
before
days
two
permanent members of Botetourt' s staff continued to be
hand,
other
13th,
October
Saturday,
on
working
was
departure
ill
seriously
for
of
the
hired
weeks13
three
staff
before
and
he
the
died
cer-
tainly affected the usual Palace routine and undoubtedly caused some furnishings
to be
shifted
from
Two
double
Beaufort
is
has
12.
Accounts
not
CW Research
13.
of
Research
inventory
and
at
been
the
nine
or perhaps
exist.
draft written
loose
examined
Botetourt
by
the
The photocopy
in the hands
The
sheets.
Badminton,
estate
fair
of
the
currently
sent
present
to
the Duke
duke,
but
it
is
unlikely
1771,
Library
of
Congress,
Carter
Nicholas,
1768-
available
of several persons
copy
Though
researchers.
Estate,
overlooked.
on
of
this
that
photocopy
Center.
Wythe
collection
pages
yet
William
George
the
to another
is the working
preserved
copy
room
of
copies
to researchers
twelve
one
of
Nelson,
to
[
the
Center.
John
Henry
Duke
Randolph,
Somerset,
of
5th
Beaufort,
Robert
Duke
of
Badminton,
Beaufort] ,
30
John
Blair,
October
Gloucestershire,
1770,
Jr. ,
and
personal
photocopy CW
�8-
items
named
be
may
under
more
could
ence
on
consistent
be
headings
particular
fair
the
differ,
than
copy
instance,
For
significant.
would
the
on
the
order
the
arrangement
draft.
working
in
which
of
headings
This
differ-
outbuildings
are
listed may provide useful clues about their locations.
5.
of
Des. androuins
Congress) :
accurately
1781.
Map #
11782] (
57
Rochambeau
Collection,
Library
This map by the French cartographer Jean- Nicolas Desandrouins
depicts Williamsburg
and its surrounding
countryside
in September
Superimposing the bounds of the 1790 deed for the sale of the Palace
Lands onto this map locates the prominent geographical features of the prop-
a
Frontispiece) .
( see
erty
creek
which
boundary
northeast
of
Palace
the
borders
roads
flows
on
The northwest
into
Queen'
fronts
Lands
navigable
and buildings
but
to
researchers
considerable
toward
the
follows
Capital
Road.
Part
Landing.
of
of
the
Though the northern tip
landing,
no part
cleared
woodlands,
the high ground
of the property
areas,
and
some
copies
of this map
visible.
editions
have
detaileas
above
Landing
Ravines,
also
The two facsimile
available
out
water.
are
Creek
Capital
on
reaches
s
boundary
and the photostatic
The
shortcomings.
apparently
lost
in
facsimile
reduction.
editions
A
color
are
colored
reproduction
of the same or nearly the same size as the original should more clearly outline
the roads and may also reveal more details of the area surrounding the Palace.
Readers may also find it helpful to review briefly the stages of
construction
and rebuilding
1.
1706
and
Initial
1710
acts
for
construction
building
in 1713 authorized
further
liquors
and
and
slaves
at the Palace:
(
the
payments
provided
that
1706-
c.
Palace
1721) :
proved
to be taken
the
Money
appropriated
insufficient.
An
from the duties
lieutenant
governor
act
in
passed
collected
assume
the
on
oversight
of
�9-
14
work.
the
between
1710
General
Assembly
lators
for work
Payments
1718,
and
passed
authorized
finishing
totaled £
a
of
sum
the building
not
act
more
completing
than
£
these
In
1/ 2.
for
and for providing
from
15
jtorn] : 6-
4685:
final
a
drawn
Palace,
the
on
excise
December
Palace.
the
duties
1720
The
the
legis-
100 to be paid to Henry Cary for
proper
drainage
of water
from the
16
to
eaves
2.
foundations
the
protect
Possible
and
of
addition
covered
in
dampness
prevent
1730) :
c.
way (
the
cellar.
1730
In
Lt.
Gov.
Gooch asked the legislature to contribute money for constructing a covered way
between
the
Palace
the
and
request
from
the
"
K.
Waverly
Hening' s The
10th
the
f.
388,
16.
The
General
cheated
in
for
of
to
up
£
Governors
Laws
100 for building a covered way
House
comp. ,
The
1700- 1750 ( Richmond,
Majesties
1710
and
of
Duties
10th
the
Virginia:
of
17
said
the
Being
1971) ,
on Liquors
day
House."
a Supplement
and
Slaves
1718,
December
to
93- 97.
pp.
PRO
between
CO
5/ 1318,
Center.
Virginia,
199- 201.
pp.
Spotswood
was
living
in
the
On the 29th Philip Ludwell reported to William Blathwayt,
Plantations
in America,
that the " King is
Majesties
his
thing which is that he allows his
house rent, when at the same time he
one
his
into
Large,
of
Laws
of
the
CW Research
1716.
March
Auditor
pay
in
to
of his
December
photocopy
by
at
Account
of
day
Winfree,
Palace
Winfree,
The General Assembly approved
outbuildings.
payment
belonging
Statutes
A General
15.
several
authorized
Offices
14.
and
Governr.
here £ 150
lives
the
in
best
p.
to
ann.
house
that
I
have heard of in america which was built for him at the charge of the Country."
Blathwayt
1661- 1722,
CW Research
Center].
Papers,
Later that year Spotswood
stopped
17.
the
receiving
of
Journals
the
R.
Henry
Richmond,
2( Richmond,
1918) :
offices"
as
he
described
expence,
etc."
Hill,
[
783.
finished
Hugh
1956) ,
the
Palace (
100
feet
with
Jones,
p.
apart,
flanking
copy
CW
were
in
buildings
Research
'
Center].
the
House
of
Legislative
a
"
Jones
gardens,
Virginia,
a notation
on
Thomas
line
" with
original
that
inner
drawing
Executive
ed. ,
the
of
Virginia,
Journals
of
the
the
by
of
of
trees
built
a
canal,
L.
s measured
on
when
at the publick
fine
Richard
offices,"
Massachusetts
Council
also use the term
a place for the
outbuildings
walks,
ed.
Jefferson'
rows
fronts
Burgesses
structure
offices,
of
indicates
Mcllwaine,
sources
than as
mentioned
magnificent
State
Present
Also
of
ibid. ,
Hugh
as
fine
gates,
1770- 1779)
c.
west
70] .
1724
R.
Henry
contemporary
for outbuildings, rather
in
The
[
433].
other
business.
Palace
the
108;
Several
term
official
p.
rent
1928) :
Journals
ed. ,
1910) ,
general
a
of
house
for
3( Richmond,
Mcllwaine,
1727- 1734, (
transaction
allowance
Council
Palace
orchards,
Morton (
Chapel
drawing
of
Street,
set
meaning the east and
Historical
Society,
photo-
�10-
As
further
no
connected
or
covered
the
the
whether
even
significant
of
mention
that no covered
project
which
appears,
way
carried
was
way is depicted
outbuildings
is
out
It
unknown.
on the Bodleian
were
Plate
is
which
dates
18
from
the
1749
In
late
1730s.
3.
Major
Council "
the
the
bad
and
thoroughly
19
they
description
of
addition
View
taken
a
found
it,
of
the
of north
Opinion,
of
cost
renovations
that
and
was
additions
general'
receiver-
an
than
more
began
then.
outline
18.
Marcus
212.
On
pavement &
1751
the
Since
schedule.
and
to
repairs
reveal
accounts,
construction
October
for
1752,
April
we
cost but
in
0
generally
current
mid-
listed
Palace,
the
6:
be
furnish
in
the
little
the
totals
increased
can
assume
that
renovations
7]
[
Lt.
p.
annual
semi-
s
between
noticeably
Totals
records.
century
1259:
£
considered
should
appears
20
eighteenth-
it
1754) :
and
House,
s
repairs
1752-
c.
wing (
Governor'
the
of
were
estimated
The
repaired."
No
money.
having
which
in
State
and
renovation
Robert Dinwiddie and his family lived at what is now the
Gov.
Whiffen,
The
9
January
laying it
Harwood
Humphrey
20/
again
of
Buildings
Public
1779
in
Covered
Williamsburg (
charged
1
way &
the
1958) ,
Williamsburg,
"
To takeing up
state
labr.
days
10/."
However,
the account does not clearly indicate that the work was done at the Palace.
work
the
Capitol
the
Since
is
done
was
known
there
[
have
to
had
a
covered
Harwood
Humphrey
it
way,
Ledger
f.
B,
is
25,
more
likely
original
that
CW Research
Center].
304;
Thomas
photocopy
20.
Lee
Entries
and
that
later
execute
repairs
that
some
of
June
12,
and
28,
1st
series
ed. ,
the
Executive
Board
summer
John
the
of
Council
the
1749,
7 November
PRO
5( Richmond,
CO
5/
1327,
1945) :
ff.
59- 63,
Archives.
1751.
during
accepted
Wheatly,
141,
30,
work
and
145,
suggest that the Council considered several
On June 12th they approved Blair' s proposal
Richard
who
carpentry
August
6( 1899) :
Journals
Trade,
of
in John Blair' s diary
for
appears
to
CW Research
proposals
it
Hall,
L.
Wilmer
19.
Taliaferro'
worked
[
on
See
September
146
and
the
entries
s
contract
second
January 22
in William
for
28 printed
7( 1899) :
1,
for
Captiol,
6,
7].;
the
work.
Also,
planned to
23, May 27
and
and Mary
Quarterly,
�11-
21
Robert
the
House
Carter
Council
and
during
the
the
Emperor
and
Empress
Since they entertained
period.
renovation
of
the
Cherokee
Nation
at
the Palace
on November 1752 and the following evening held a ball at the Palace and fireworks
on
the
major
renovations
references
in
1753
1754
and
4.
to
Virginia
Governor'
of
his
to
repairs
between
cost
£
years.
too
fragmentary
at
the
Palace,
York
Grymes
but
County
sold
[
(
to
sufficiently
the
the
Deeds
Gazette (
23.
Benjamin
J.
in
large
contemporary
Botetourt'
for
s
to the Palace
these
years.
Soon after
Plan
that
7]
[
coming
augmenting
the
for the Accommodation
24.
The
work.
the
1774,
and
that
major
(
1776) :
for
14: 9
23
Semi- annual
which
and
materials),
from
range
renovations
and
agreed
totals
a
low
additions
for
of £ 194: 10: 0
occurred
7]
s
Office
by
whether
possibility
468- 471.
5:
to
Robert
Hunter) ,
Hillman,
forthcoming
1772
suggest
property
Virginia
study
ed. ,
of
17
not
colonial
Nicholas
November
1752,
Journals
organization,
governors
excluded.
be
On 19 December
Carter
Executive
the
The surviving documentary evidence
or not
should
the colonial bureaucracy may disclose
place.
No
during
1771):
Council " a
the
date.
for repairs
built
was
assume
mentioned
November
after
undertake
to ascertain
22.
took
rooms
wing
including £ 121:
between
Governor'
is
21.
should
Palace
the
5.
supper
north
the
presented
654: 10: 0 (
Powell
these
that
the same not being
of £ 974: 0: 6,
high
a
and
that
can
In early November 1771 the Councillors approved the plan,
Benjamin
that
to
to
ball
by
finished
nearly
we
birthday,
s
majesty'
or
enlargement
Dunmore
House,
his
but the unusually high totals
Possible
Family."
estimated
the
suggest
Lord
s
when
added,
were
inventory
of
finished
were
indicate
22
honor
in
green
24
One
had an office
line
in
1753 Receiver- general
[
p.
Ibid. ,
2
6( Richmond,
staff,
further details
Philip
585- 588].
and
1966) :
437.
responsibilities
about where
of
this activity
�12-
Botetourt'
d
engross'
inventory
s
Letters
-
mentions
retd.
location or identity
August,
In
number
a
of
repairs
Book
the
provides
no clues about either
reference--"
of
the
shows that there was an office at the Palace by 1776.
before
just
Office"--
the
1
however,
of the person to whose office the letterbook was returned.
A later reference
12]
to
office;
an
Patrick
at
One
Palace.
the
took
Henry
To
10
Days
work
Whitewashing &
3."
[
13]
When
Harwood
mendg.
the
uses
line
from Harwood' s
in
plasterg.
word "
Humphrey
residence,
up
in
office"
Harwood
account
laundary &
reads:
office
accounts,
other
made
he
@
6/
consis-
25
tently
to
refers
an
Since
that
the
in
colonial
may
governor'
as
used
have
a
this
belonged
at
room
to
or
the
business
Palace
the
Perhaps
inventories.
s
where
place
existed
office
governors
furnishings
the
an
office
is
1776,
August
by
for
outbuilding
these
Crown,
conducted.
the office was
office.
an
items
it is possible
would
not
Because
appear
located in the east
flanking building as this building' s location adjacent to the stable yard
would have been
convenient
for persons
arriving
on horseback
or in wheeled
26
vehicles.
Discussion
in
this
of
the
various
subdivisions
of
the
Palace
Lands
follows
order:
Kitchen
Yard
Kitchen
Yard
Pasture
and
Arable
Orchard
Land
Woodland
Stable
Yard
Formal
Garden
and
Wasteland
Canal
Park
25.
See
the
index
the
discussion
to
Humphrey
Harwood
Ledgers
B,
C,
and
D
in
the
and
17
of
CW
Research
Center.
26.
See
of
the
stable
yard
on
pages
16
this
report.
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F
PALACE
G A R., D E I I S
AND
LANDSCAPE
i..
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ry
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STREET
S,
ARCHITECT.
MASS,
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n
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1•-• -i,_
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�13-
KITCHEN
YARD:
The historical
its
and
the construction
discretion
of
formed
Council
the
the
The following
the
Palace,
and
for
dairy,
a
410
out
the
included
is
is
evidence
Cary.
along
documentary
slight,
with the standing
but
furniture
with
or
flanking
building
Even
if
washing
this
occurred
was intended
legislator'
the
was
before
moved
Spotswood
unspecified,
kitchen
with
s
this
the
14]
[
for completing
1710
as
intent
into
the
in
it
proposal.
a
it
in
Palace
copper
11]
the
(
for washing)
the activities
dishes
is possible
1706,
[
Admittedly,
that
a combined
outbuilding,
27
of
inclusion
outbuildings
smokehouse,
Another
kitchen.
reason
a
cooking--
the
suggest
these
also including cleaning
to serve
s
in
the
proposal'
For
legislation
storehouses.
more
in the kitchen
clothes.
kitchen.
the
building
approved
Though
locates
1710
to
for constructing necessary outbuildings
the
be carried out in this outbuilding
utensils
Assembly
or
evidence
the
finished
associated
one
the residence
In the spring of 1709 Cary in-
5]
[
6]
[
customarily
and perhaps
named
635
£
about the kitchen
and stable but left all details
almost
gardens.
ones
wellhouse,
No
had
appropriated
they
brewhouse,
he
that
Henry
year when the General
laying
probably
of a kitchen
overseer
little information
The 1706 act for building
outbuildings.
accompanying
mentions
record provides
that
to
and cooking
the west
kitchen/ scullery/ laundry.
is
possible
1716.
that
changes
Another possibility is
that additions and renovations made in the early 1750s included changes in the
kitchen yard.
27.
The archaeologists
who excavated the Palace and its surrounding
grounds
during the summer of 1930 concluded that the original kitchen was located in
the
west
Colonial
burg,
flanking building [
Governor'
Virginia,
s
Property
1930- 1931,"
Herbert
Ragland, "
S.
Foundations
unpublished
of
the
report
Archaeological
Palace
[ 1932] ,
and
p.
Excavations
24,
CW
on
Williams-
Outbuildings:
Archives].
How-
the executive committee of advisory architects were more cautious and
observed that it was difficult to ascertain the identity of the various outbuildings.
According to their observations " only the smokehouse could be identified with
ever,
certainty"
Hepburn--
[
Resolution
Boston
files,
passed
CW
by
Archives].
the
committee
on
26
May 1932;
Perry,
Shaw,
and
�14-
Botetourt' s inventory
of outbuildings
in the kitchen
indicates
yard
that by 1770 the number and kinds
closely
resembled
thepresent
reconstruction.
According to the copy of the inventory currently available to researchers the
larder,
smokehouse,
kitchen.
adjacent
to
possibly
the
flanking
building.
and
dairy
kitchen
the
the
Palace
locates
also
were
in
the
and
to
this
a
does
to
s
and
scullery
were
bed
chamber,
and
perhaps in the west
specifically
locate
Palace
the
from
Lands
the
yard,
Most
drinking.
items
[
cellars
which
beneath
the
inventory
12]
particularly ones involving cooking and cleaning-life
local
the
by
the
were commonly associated with
area.
and
eating
social
the
this
not
kitchen
the
cook'
and
nearby--
but
in
with
activities--
brought
goods
of
names
house,
of
household
the
centered
staff,
This was also the logical delivery point for foodstuffs
area.
parts
apparently
actually
relate
extent
certain
household
not
hall
s
these outbuildings
associated
cellars
Domestic
were
coal
house,
servant'
inventory
however,
Though
the
room,
The
laundry;
yards.
Also
s
gardener'
charcoal
house,
salt
cart,
market,
wagon,
nearby
wheelbarrow,
or
and most
or
plantations,
carried
around
by
other
individuals.
Having the kitchen yard separated from the stable yard by the formal courtyard
must
have
been
to
alternative
the flanking
the
street,
KITCHEN
an
of
the
by
pass
GARDEN
a
AND
1710
orchard
certainty,
carrying
buildings
The
and
awkward
an
at
eggs,
front
of
pails
was
and
gate,
for
especially
poultry,
and courtyard
the
milk,
the
servants.
and
other
to exit through
enter
the
gate
items
the stable
into
the
The only
through
yard
kitchen
into
yard.
ORCHARD:
act called
Palace.
the
kitchen
terraced
arrangement,
garden
gardens
and
for laying
[
was
6]
out
Although
customarily
canal
to
the
and enclosing
a kitchen
no
locate
references
nearby
kitchen
the
yard
kitchen.
limited
garden
either
with
The proximity
the
space
available
�15-
for
kitchen
a
orchard
and
garden
For this
Palace.
the
near
reason a large
vegetable and herb garden and an orchard probably supplemented a small garden
to
adjacent
and
garden
of
the
being
of
but Gooch
orchard,
historical
found
kitchen
the
to
close
No
yard.
stable
Two areas seem likely locations
yard.
for a large
the site of the present Matthew Whaley School which had
orchard:
advantage
the
kitchen
the
references
the orchard
or
yard
a
site
describe
the
somewhere
kitchen
northeast
garden
full of fruit when he arrived
or
in Williams-
28
in
burg
1727.
September
Though surviving references to dining are insufficient to make even
rough
about
estimates
inferences
At
food
of
scale
drawn.
be
can
the
the
times
governor'
the
at
consumption
including
household,
s
several
Palace,
family
29
and
members
regularly,
not
quantities
of
and
fall
the
governors
General
10 May
1769
to-
day."
chases
at
the
28.
that
Gooch,
For
Center.
on
the
the
ernor,
30.
number
required
visitors,
large
sat
local
doubt
Bishop
and
the
more
Williamsburg
General
persons
Botetourt
such
wrote
September
of
Norwich
information
cm
occasions
from
markets,
18
frequented
Assembly
during
the
occasionally
these
Earl
in the spring
met,
Though
seasons.
of Hillsborough
Letters
(
see
or possibly
Gooch
food
Ayres, "
April
Fruit
pur-
depended
to
his
photocopy " restricted]
Edward
CW,
report,
supplementary
of William
1727- 1751) ,
orchards
research
planters,
nearby
1727,
required
Culture
on
brother,
CW
Research
in Colonial
1973.
The figure of approximately 30 persons in the governor' s household is
29.
based
of
of
number
this
52 dined with me Yesterday and I expect at least that
unpublished
Virginia,"
and
"
No
dated
Letter
Thomas
Court
circumstance,
30
number
of persons
entertained
probably
unusual
Feeding
persons.
The amount of food consumed at the Palace varied season-
large numbers
the
30
about
undetermined
an
mention
food.
when
an
surely
on
to
Because
ally.
contained
servants,
known
the
25
persons
household
size
in
servants,
will be discussed
Dianne
J.
( 32
McGaan, "
persons)
Botetourt'
s
with emphasis
in a separate
The
Official
Magazine
Virginia
1748 '
in
household
that
have
been
63( 1955) :
on the period when Botetourt
was gov-
report.
Letters
of Norborne
Berkeley,
272]
Duties
identified.
Baron
�16-
local
by
catering
a large garden required
it is also possible that some governors preferred buying
labor,
considerable
Since maintaining
tavernkeepers.
fresh fruit and vegetables
and preserved foods locally to raising the large
amounts
the Palace kitchen.
STABLE
required
to supply
YARD:
The stable yard was located between
175- 177
Lots
the
transportation
the
horses,
also
limited,
was
Thomas
to
for
center
and
vehicles,
yard
stable
belonged
which
poultry32
for
shelters
and
This
area
served
as
31
belonged
farm
to
and
horses
visitors'
1770.
by
and
In addition to providing shelter for
which
equipment
accommodated
Everard
Palace.
the
the east flanking building
the
Because
vehicles.
animals
the
governor,
were
probably
space
located
north of the stable yard.
Documentary
1706
a
[ 5]
act
de
coach
a
stable,
only
1971) ,
Mary,
mentioned
house,
Governor
Botetourt,
and
evidence
a
a
of
118.
p.
provides
few
but
stable,
details
the
about
this
1710 proposal
and a hen house with
cowhouse,
Virginia,
1768- 1770"
(
Botetourt
held
dinners
these
M. A.
The
area.
called
for building
an enclosed
Thesis,
on
poultry
College
the
of
second
and
William
third
days of the first session of the General Assembly which met after he became
John
governor [
P.
31.
1906) ,
Most governors
and
assorted
of William
Diary
to
Gooch'
Appendix,
Earl
AO
13/ 28,
32.
By
and
9
turkeys
&
of
House
of
Burgesses
of
Virginia
B.
Louis
22:
Gooch
his
to
and
Marion
wagons.
Tinling,
1941) ,
1709- 1712 ( Richmond,
William
s horses
and
Wright
as well as saddle horses
carts,
phaetons,
brother,
p.
dated
See
the
ref-
eds. ,
The
Secret
327;
5
reference
August
1735;
and vehicles in his appraisement
recorded in York
83- 99;
reference to Botetourt' s horses and vehicles
reference
to Dunmore'
Commissioners
on
Losses
s horses
of
and vehicles
American
Loyalists,
in
John
Murray,
25 February
1784,
photocopy CW Research Center.
1770
ducks
[
letter
12;
in
of Westover,
Inventories
item
Dunmoreeto
of
in
to Fauquier'
Wills
County
in
coach
s
reference
Byrd
coach
the
and six coach horses
chariots,
chairs,
s
of
192- 200].
pp.
owned a coach
chaises,
Spotswood'
to
erence
Journals
ed. ,
Kennedy,
1766- 1769 ( Richmond,
the
T12].
Virginia
poultry
house
was
large
enough
to
house
20
turkeys,
18 geese,
Two years later someone broke into the building and stole 19
Gazette
(
Rind)
2
March
1772,
p.
3].
�17-
yard.
11]
[
Wood being specified
it may not be unreasonable
in
1710
the
act
legislators
the
as
may have
stable
building
the
Palace
the
summer
s
governor'
the
office
office
arriving
adjacent
to
Though
or
coach,
post
more
coach
stable
park
house
the
to
the
33.
The
archaeologists
that
the
east
small
cellar
flanking
paved in
cause
of
the
small
vault
for
pitched
Excavations,"
34.
see
glossary
the
London,
Virginia,"
of
William
1771,
Virginia
Mary
Implements
Somerset,
Carter
been
office
at
the
date,
that
building.
convenient
most
items
stable,
a
coach
for
in
the
Having
persons
this
area
and poultry
granary,
implies
the
existence
died the Duke of Beaufort
visited
this
area
matched
Williamsburg
in
an
the
summer
of
one
presented
the
the
in
cellar
papers
in
1781,
of
1930
he
saw
concluded
This building had a
office.
flooring
the
that
important
and
the
Palace
probably
[ Ragland, "
Duke
Archives,
Treatise
cellar.
served
Be-
as a low
Archaeological
for
CW,
on
report
for
Beaufort-
Wythe,
and
photocopy
c. ,
Together
to
1959;
December
Plantations
CW,
John
CW
in Botetourt' s inventory,
Comprehending Coaches,
Carriages:
with
Their
Proper
Wheeled Carriages in Eighteenth- Century
Used
report
of]
on
Whiskies, &
Goodwin, "
Vehicles
George
and equipment
A
Gigs,
R. M.
research
5th
Nicholas,
State
vehicles
research
35.
Henry
before
flanking
assembles
probably
Felton,
Curricles,
1796) ;
unpublished
[
an
to
the fact that Botetourt had a post
state
concluded
of
the wheeled
1700- 1776,"
Robert
have
mentions
named,
was
which
storage
unpublished
Agricultural
east
serve
is too limited
was
time
building
25- 273.
Phaetons,
Chariots,
Harness (
which
excavated
they
size,
pp.
To identify
the
12]
and
building
stone
there
some
the
would
Pickering
Timothy
who
in
evidence
since
for
flanking
Evidently the coach remained at the Palace through
colony.
When
Revolution.
the east
vehicles.
After Botetourt
houses.
35
coach
state
yard
is
chair,
that
But
located
Out- Houses,"
coach
no
Though early eighteenth- century
possibly
inventory [
s
34
house.
33
or in wheeled
of " The
heading
and
been
the
61
the documentary
used.
was
have
[
the cow and poultry houses,
the stable and coach house mentioned
intended
house,
1776
of
on horseback
the
chaise,
coach
may
Botetourt'
under
originally
or
how
brick.
of
and/
ascertain
by
to assume that
built
were
for constructing
December
William
Blair
Research
in
and
Patricia
Tidewater
A.
Gibbs,
Virginia,
1976.
Nelson,
Junior,
Center.
John
Randolph,
Esquires,
2 January
�18-
the
"
remains
of the richly
Lord
Botetourt"
been
one
in
ornamented
building " near
a
of the buildings
in
the
state
the
stable
coach which was brought
palace."
15]
[
This
over with
structure
may
have
yard.
According to Botetourt' s inventory the coachman and groom had rooms
adjacent
lived,
deed
the
some
of
have
sale
the
both
whether
a
in
slept
the
of the Palace
the
as
property
illustrates
Though
yard.
stable
may
for the
corner
Map
to
indicate
sources
attics
Lands
colonial
of
sources
Brick
the
southeast
the
same
a structure
Quarter."
of
corner
is
building
mention
where
at
[ 10]
the
the
The
slaves
1790
southeast
Frenchman'
This
map
s
but
yard,
stable
unknown.
the
The
outbuildings.
various
identifies
" Palace
at
building
no
also
shows
a road leading north from Scotland Street that separates this building from
36
a
smaller
the
coach
historical
locations
FORMAL
structure
to
house
stable
and
evidence
in
this
GARDEN
AND
The
These two buildings may have served as
west.
the
during
is too sparce
subdivision
of
colonial
the
to identify
the Palace
the
Unfortunately,
period.
particular
buildings
and their
Lands.
CANAL:
1710
act
confined
the
formal
gardens
to a forecourt
located
in
the area between the Palace and the flanking buildings and a 144- foot wide by
254- foot
by
deep
four- foot
handsome
brick
gates.
36.
The
was
to
main
as
entrance
"
Andrew
the
Lewis
Palace
(
house.
with
indicates
to
These
wooden
areas
were
ballustrades,
to
leveled,
be
and
entered
enclosed
through
the
that
Palace
Spotswood'
Lands
was
s
designs
located
for
between
the
these
residence
two
buildings.
by the Palace" in the spring of 1776, this entrance
troops guarding the Palace were to allow horses or cattle
great
the only way that
enter
topped
walls
evidence
the
the
6]
[
Later
Described
behind
garden
gate
Lands [
Richmond,
Charles
1860) ,
p.
Campbell,
10].
ed. ,
The
Orderly
Book. . .
of
General
�19-
and its surrounding grounds far surpassed the 1710 legislator' s intentions.
In December 1713 the General Assembly authorized the governor to complete the
house
which
the
amount
was
being
led
to
the
General
from
receipts
using
By
spent.
38
ished
moderate
of
with
slaves,
no
limitation
on
following
December
the
residence
a few years
the
squandering
the
was
accused
Spotswood
funds.
s
colony'
governor
was
by
aston-
away the Country' s Money about
the
especially since he had spent little more than E200 yearly-his
by
sum
the
with " lavishing
charged
House,"
s
Within
undoing.
Assembly
being
at
s
and
But removal of the spending limits eventually
Palace.
the
Spotswood'
Governor'
a
called
liquors
on
37
be
could
duty
a
on the house and gardens between 1713 and
reckoning--
In defending his position he reported that many of his accusers had
1718.
formerly expressed delight with the building and complemented him on the
Contrivances &
the
walked &
if
the
38.
On
18
R.
Henry
later
the
intended
nor
March
1717
of
Tryon,
dence
the
a
the
Carolina
appointed
he
that
he
as
York,
Yesterday
of
Pond &
the
but
as
Council
of
the
to Wait
the
of
Falling
such
on the
the
Palace"
Colonial
Palace
official
official
at
Honr.
his
on
mention
church
had
he
that
John
Custis
Archives].
been
not
in
Governr."
the
and
residence
as
Vir-
most
of
a
Even
bishop.
a
the
Later
in
nine
the
" pallace
months
1717- 1741,
Book,
Letter
the
within
last
century
[
30
Library
William
began referring to the new governor' s resi-
moved
[William
" ediface"
8( New
high
wrote
wth.
Carolina,
soon
Fish-
the
offered
hand, &
in
then
who was at odds with Spotswood by March 1717,
Research
CW
first
ridicule,
or
brother,
North
as
palace
building
North
his
photocopy
This
Custis,
word
of
waited
ruler,
when
one
to
of
Committee
in
not
John
meaning
Governor
as
term,
exchanged
Congress,
noted
93- 97.
pp.
586] .
sovereign
Works
Expence
the
they
Accordingly
Legislative
Journals
1918) :
letter
at
ed. ,
caustic
this
doors
Spotswood
addition,
the
had
that
the
use
state,
usually
In
concerning
be
to
care
Virginia,
Mcllwaine,
ones
of
them
1714 " The
December
l( Richmond
ginia
not
of
Laws
Reported
Governor
head
did
Assembly
Winfree,
with
talked
freely
37.
Works."
the
Many of their Members must own that about that time I often
Speaker &
"
of
Frugality
1968) :
During
in.
L.
75,
construction
ed. ,
Saunders,
211,
219,
The
he generally
Colonial
Records
called
of
285] .
Had early Colonial Williamsburg researchers checked the definitions of
palace"
384
in
The
E[ phriam]
or
Oxford
Sciences
2( London,
house
called
was
English
Chambers,
the
1752) :
palace
Dictionary
n.
p. ,
out
7( Oxford,
1961;
reprint
of
1933
ed.) :
an Universal Dictionary of Arts and
they would not have concluded that the governor' s
Cyclopaedia:
of
or,
derision.
�20-
39
Gardens,
to
411
them
take
to
Self."
my
The governor' s plans extended beyond the Palace Lands and included
a
let
governor'
the
vista
discovering
the
s
cut
men
Custis'
trees
s
land,
his
on
Initially Custis agreed to
property.
but
Custis
became
that two good oak trees which he had reserved
outraged
on
to cover his tene-
40
had
ment
John
through
cutting
been
two
cut.
This
incident
provoked
a longstanding
quarrel
between
Because Custis owned property south of Duke of Gloucester Street
men.
nearly opposite the Palace as well as a large tract which extended north and
of
west
Palace
the
the
Lands,
direction
and
location
of
the
vista
is
uncertain.
16]
39.
the
"
The
Answer
Research
40.
In
Tidewater
Palace.
indicates
of
Duke
Towns:
1972),
to
the
5/ 1318,
CO
City Planning
175
pp.
But careful
Custis
that
and
vista
Spotswood
PRO
Four
Articles exhibited by
photocopy CW
340- 349,
ff.
Center.
Williamsburg,
the
of Lieut. Governor
of Virginia. . . 1718,"
Burgesses
Gloucester
to
refers
the
Street
18 April
different
two
Reps
W.
John
of his
T161
swamp.
which
in Colonial Virginia
313,
reading
in
cut
others
and
1717
of
Custis
rented
a
and Maryland
the
letter
stands
Since
included
locates
vista
trees-- ones
owned
house (
north
to Phillip
lots
cut
for
south
on
tenement)
of
Ludwell
the
of
Lot
355,
it is possible that in creating a wide vista south of Palace Street Spotswood' s
men cut several oak trees which grew along the eastern boundary of Lot 355
Custis- Maupin
1,
House,"
unpublished research report
Mary A. Stephenson, "
p.
for CW,
January 1950] .
Various
Council
to
contribute
Finch £
Mcllwaine,
R.
Henry
years
sources
paid Philip
ed. ,
our
knowledge
extended
200
fronts
sumably
for
feet
of
the
in
Executive
blocks [ Jane
two
Boston,
extracts
111
with
flanking
of
the
reproduced
from "
rows
4( Richmond,
Journals
Carson,
Journal
of
Dawson,
1780,
of
trees
buildings.
We
comp. ,
in
100
He
entrance
General
1916) ].
Campaigns
Warrington
wide
front
Drawing # 95
the
Palace
Street.
In
1737
the
1930) :
413].
Forty
later a French officer called the street a pretty avenue with a lawn which
1699- 1859 ( Williamsburg,
1965) ,
Williamsburg,
drawing of the first floor of the Palace ( c.
was
of
10 for his work in laying out and planting the street
gate,
1782,
CW
and
Thomas
noted
indicated
which
that
Jefferson'
the
lined
oval
that
measured
the
street
up with
grass
of
s
the
plot,
inner
pre-
was 47- 1/ 2 feet long and 33 feet wide
identified
the
1783
Research
Thomas
Kimball,
of the Army Under
1781,
apart
Descriptions
There:
30].
1770- 1779)
feet
also
Sidney Fiske
de Lauberdiere
typescript
Were
p.
in
the
Jefferson,
trees
Orders
of Count
North
America,"
Center] .
as
Architect
catalpas
Rochambeau
translated
in 1782
during
by
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moa3
pus
paumo
41,
sum
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7-,,
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441:
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1). .
�21-
few details
Though
general
outline
of
west
on the
which
Palace
the
opposite
to
take
the Council
survived
the
acknowledged
work
to
possibly
earlier,
until
lessened
in
pride
gardener
terraces
s
garden
and
a
canal
Revolution
the
plans
[
known,
are
located
in
the
the
ravine
see the Frenchman' s Map
page].
until
the
completion
left
41
special
arrived
Eventually
maintenance
with
needs
arranged
his
included £
perquisites
and Virginians
gardens.
the receiver- general
governor
s
governor'
of the Palace
formal
for the
office
next
its
and
residence
the
the
with
and provided
When a governor
gardens.
Spotswood'
included
Discontent
began
of
staff.
of the
for a
1759,
By
and
20 yearly for the garden-
42
er'
s
salary.
Unlike
the
formal
the
purposes,
other
and
architecture
in
position
the
subdivisions
enhanced
gardens
interior
and
colony
of
the
the
the
his
Lands
governor'
funishings,
reflected
Palace
of
served
life.
social
s
gardens
style
which
advanced
living.
Along
the
For
utilitarian
with
governor'
these
s
reasons
garden details probably changed through the years as governors and their
gardeners incorporated the latest designs and fashionable plant materials with
Spotswood'
We
41.
43
original
s
Were
42.
Executive
183,
Virginia
1759,
43.
PRO
pp.
4,
4:
Journals
9,
and
114,
135;
5,
Archives;
34/ 37,
ff.
Francis
30- 31,
of
the
the
stable
Palace
garden
site,
the
site.
the
surviving
However,
reconstructing
brickwork
vinery
was
to
Letter
Majr.
CW Research
Book,
Gen.
1766-
Amherst,
1775,
25
p.
November
Center.
in the northwest
that a vinery and greenhouse
was
late
Nelson
Fauquier
Even though the archaeologist
assumed that
committee of architects thought otherwise.
recommended
the
William
a large L- shaped structure
area.
the advisory
In 1933 the committee
78.
photocopies
The Frenchman' s Map locates
corner
was
WO
There,
State
plans.
garden
never
reconstructed,
nineteenth-
century
be constructed
in part
work.
the vinery would have meant sacrificing
this
because
Also,
much
on
of
aesthetically,
the small diagonal pavillion
known to have been located in the northwest corner of the ballroom garden in the
early
Corner
1980].
eighteenthof
the
century
Palace
[
Mark
Compound, "
R.
Wenger, "
unpublished
Condensed
Report
architectural
on
the
report
Northwest
for
CW,
March
�22-
PARK:
Eighteenth- century
the
to
of
northeast
tained
200
about
to
deer
a
Gov.
park.
the
house
that
you
can
he
a
that
areas
extended
west,
87 acres purchased
additions,
before
sometime
Gooch suggested
was
an
1775,
extended
the
image"--
intended
off
to
turn
of
all
Gooch
ravines,
creeks,
shown,
we
s
to
refer
north,
and
con-
in 1768 and
Palace
Lands
further
with
That
unknown.
built
in
the
identified
200-
Fall
section
as
acre
"
8"
on
Convention
the
the
as
conveniences
full
he
of
could
Deer,
than
geographical
fruit,
stock
which
of
the
features,
But because
areas.
June
1776.
of State
assigned
Isee
the
before
acquired
orchard
soon
think
of
it,
is
"
indicates
few structures
are
building in the centre of the
45
The original use of the building
ordered
a barracks
for 100 horses
46
park
map
I
as
manner
his brother
approved using as a military hospital for
in
the Council
of
addition
cleared
diseases
contagious
use
depicts
location
the
an
wrote
44
which
and
that
used part of the area
governor
garden,
noted
better
Cattle."
Map,
determine
park" which the Virginia
persons
of
sorts
a
the
with " all
handsome
further
park " to
the
woodlands,
cannot
an
in 1727
indeed"
one
including "
Park."
that his predecessors
arrival
excellent
"
Desandrouins'
the
Later
acres.
Soon after his
large
very
feeding
is
cultivated
park"
term "
the
the northeast.
that
and
60
used
generally
Until 1768 this outer portion of the property
acquired
acres
Lt.
as
Palace.
the
about
only
and
woodlands,
pasture,
Virginians
to
military
frontispiece],
1775.
This
use.
shelter,
was located just inside
The map' s legend
indicates
that
these barracks were burned by the British.
44.
Letter,
45.
Entry
Richmond,
46.
Henry
l( Richmond,
18
dated
for
15
1816) ,
R.
September
June
p.
from William
Proceedings
of
the
Gooch
to
Convention
his
of
brother.
Delegates. . .
51.
Mcllwaine,
1931) :
1776,
1727,
175.
ed. ,
Journals
of the Council
of the State of Virginia
�23-
PASTURE:
Contemporary references only locate a portion of the southeast boundary
47
of
the
Lands
be enclosed
about
60
for
acres
been
have
Both
pasture.
by a ditch
and
fence
considerably
less
Clues
amount
to
the
of
three
colonial
of
for
this:
the
of
the
Palace
At
4
cattle,
The entire
encompassed
property
may
used
clearing
for grazing livestock probably
devoted
the amount
to pasturage
of livestock
in
the
1760s
and
owned by the last
Since each owned more livestock than his predecessor,
governors.
land
available
land
can be derived by examining
amount
11]
and
the pasture
than 60 acres.
1770s
the
6
[
that
but since heavily wooded areas and ravines are unsuitable
the land originally
pasturage,
and imply
Palace.
the
surrounding
enclosed,
contained
the 1710 act and the proposal direct that the Palace
for
of
trees
increased.
have
may
pasturage
as wood
was
needed
Fauquier
owned
Two
for
fuel
factors
and
the
allow
enlargement
Lands.
death
his
2
calves,
in
1768
March
beef,
stalled
12
sheep,
8 horses,
head
of
48
9 hogs.
and
17
Lacking
precise
data we can only estimate the amount of pasturage required by livestock in
eighteenth-
2
hogs
per
century
acre,
47.
See
48.
Fauquier
These
in
tidewater
sheep
item
2,
double
Virginia
per
and
appraisement,
figures,
1
Virginia:
cow
per
1 horse per 2 acres,
acre,
49
2
and
Appendix,
49.
tidewater
York
York
County
come
of
from
5:
Deeds
estimates,
acres
the
of pasture
local
Fauquier'
s
217- 219.
Wills & Inventories
County
the number
today,
these
Using
acre.
county
22:
per
agent.
83- 99.
animal
He
required
estimated
that
improved
agricultural practices since about 1850 have increased the number of
acre by about
100% and assumed there would have been little difference
between 1750
and 1850 figures
of
IConversation with Richard D. Mahone, Director
Landscape
for
CW,
15 May 1979] .
animals
In
T.
Lemon
with
his
per
The
Best
worked
Poor
out
Man'
the
reconstruction
s
Country (
following
of
the
Baltimore,
ratio
annual
based
production
1972) ,
on
food
of
a
pp.
153
and
requirements
125
acre
farm
164- 167,
James
in
connection
in
Lancaster
�24-
have
would
livestock
was pastured
50
about
required
livestock
of
acres
on the property
pasture.
Perhaps
adjoining
the Palace
he owned
some
of
the
Lands,
which the Council later purchased from his estate.
At
horses
and
a
3
steers,
his
death
2
mare,
2
calves,
18
turkeys,
Botetourt
and
9
arid
geese,
horses
saddle
pigs
owned
and
boar,
a
ducks.
37
1
mare,
a
12]
[
livestock
more
19
1
cows,
5
coach
bull,
He
wethers.
5
also
estimates,
above
the
Using
4
filly,
and
sheep,
Fauquier:
than
had
10
Botetourt'
s
coach
saddle
livestock required about 63 acres of pasture.
Dunmore
horses,
June
4
acres
of
pasture
150
colts,
1775.
claimed
above
his
departure
he left
behind
Dunmore' s livestock
estimates,
by the early 1770s
13
and
fled the Palace
in
required about
263
a large portion of the property was devoted to
Evidently,
pasture.
at
and 154 head of cattle when he
sheep,
the
Using
that
as this
amount
of livestock
could only have been
50
accommodated
the
after
in
Provisions
shelter
for
the legislators
products
a
cattle,
and
161
and
Counties,
Chester
7 (
3
cows,
acres
1710
poultry
of
act
house
that
amounts
portation.
Cattle
the
recognized
large
200
extra
steer,
added
called
yard,
Swine -
3- 4 ( 1
young) -
records
about
the
for
as
well
after
calves)
-
3 acres
Palace
building
Lands.
a
stable,
a
and a fenced pasture imply that
as
require
would
consume
livestock
for
dairy
trans-
1760:
10- 12
acres
forrest
Horses
to
the governor' s household
meat,
3
which
and
Pennsylvania,
1
were
pasture
and
pasture
plus
browse
in
stubble
as well
as
fallow
and woodland
say too little to estimate
1 acre
fallow & woodland
plus
pasture
Sheep 10 ( 2 young) Lemon' s figures bear little relation to ones supplied by the local county
agent
for
this
area.
Clearly,
too
little
evidence
survives
to
obtain
an
animal- to- pasture ration for eighteenth- century tidewater Virginia.
50.
411
John
Loyalists,
Earl
Murray,
25
February
of
Dunmore,
1784.
to
Commissioners
on
Losses
of
American
accurate
�25-
The
livestock
of
amount
Fauquier,
by
owned
and
Botetourt,
Dunmore
and references to purchases of meat made by several colonial governors provide
about
clues
at
consumption
meat
Surviving
Palace.
the
accounts
are too frag-
mentary to show the amount of meat consumed during any one governor' s tenure,
but they imply that large quantities of meat were consumed at the Palace and
suggest
of
some
and Botetourt
Though
can
the
be
kinds
the
and
quantity
s
Governors
eaten.
were
of
type
meat
were
purchased
these men were governors
Dinwiddie51
The
Gooch'
that
Gooch,
Fauquier,
these
recorded,
accounts
We do not know what other plantations also supplied meat
misleading.
as
meat
purchased both dressed meat and livestock from Carter' s Grove.
to the Palace while
such
of
and Dunmore
unevenness
In
purchases.
of
the
bought
these
most
accounts
of
is
1740
of
spring
nor do we know where
the
their
meat
governors
and
livestock.
the
record
apparent
in
governor
purchased
of
veal,
mutton,
and beef from Carter' s Grove but Lady Gooch' s accounts for September and
52
November
1748
were
provide
a measure
season,
especially
probably
Carter'
bought
in
the
s
William
52.
Carter
CW Research
Burwell
large
the
quantities
of meat
fish,
of
pounds
consumed
mutton,
game,
Her
it.
accounts
during
pork,
and
a single
poultry
the beef served at the Palace that fall.
late
Grove.
fall
and winter
months
The timing
of his purchases
for
bacon
curing
Account
Lightfoot
Burwell
830
beef--
for
that
considering
preparation
51.
53.
of
supplemented
During
from
exclusively
Account
and
1738- 1755) ,
suggest
53
ham.
Book ( 1747- 1764) ,
Book (
Fauquier
regularly
174,
ff.
13
50,
Burwell
and
hogs
that the hogs were
Botetourt
p.
bought
bought
dressed
CW Research
Center.
46,
Papers,
Burwell
meat,
Center.
Ledger
1764- 1776) ,
2 (
20
ff.
and
Papers.
Between
November 1767 and January 1768 Fauquier purchased 50 hogs which together weighed
6438
the
was
pounds.
total
Whether
amount
consumed
by
of
the
or
his
time
not
we
purchases
his
assume
for
estate
that
cured
was
hogs
from
bacon
inventoried
and
Carter' s
Grove
ham
winter,
later
that
in
the
represent
spring.
the majority
His
�26-
and
livestock,
Carter'
from
poultry
Grove,
s
but
54
he
that
patronized
also
we can assume
was
that most
On
eaten.
bought
for
ARABLE
LAND:
the
future
of the dressed
small
quantity
fresh meat
meat was purchased
purchases
hand,
other
Because
suppliers.
other
the
of livestock
suggests
spoils
shortly
imply that
quickly
before
it
animals
were
consumption.
The Desaundrouins Map indicates large areas of open space within
land
of
Lands
Palace
the
used
for
occurred
be
can
instance,
One
item
Francis
lists
that
while
of
Fauquier'
s
of
was
neither
s
valued
purchased
location
as
the
contains
£2,
at
to distinguish
records
served
appraisement
tools
gardener
the
Few surviving
the Palace
Fauquier'
parcel
a
it is not possible
cultivation,
determined.
on the property
For
shows
and
pasture
land
arable
but since
1781,
by
but
of nor
indicate
the
extent
that
farming
governor' s residence.
no
since
farm
the
implements.
estate
settlement
valued
gardentools
sundry
between
at
£
1: 16: 0,
55
the
parcel
tools
Several receipts
show
ventory
a
that
not
tools,
garden
and the farm implements
occurred
farming
some
repaired
blacksmith
local
likely
most
a
and
plow
his
during
mended
two
farm
implements.
listed in Botetourt' s inIn
tenure.
drag
harrows
September
1770
Botetourt56
for
57
and
several
86
hams,
at
£ 45:
54.
11: 6 [
Burwell
York
55.
56.
Lord
Estate
57.
1
83
weeks
later
sides
of
York
County
bacon,
2,
Wills
Botetourt'
ff.
&
s
68
chops,
and
to
days
which
for
plowing
weighed
22:
Inventories
and
1823
the
governor.
pounds,
were
appraised
83- 99].
77.
Inventories
Estate
four
spent
31
and
Wills
County
Ledger
laborer
a
22:
Donald
83- 99.
Ross,
September
and
October
1770,
Botetourt
Accounts.
The
October
Estate
1770,
of
his
Excellency
Botetourt
Estate
Lord
Botetourt
Accounts.
decd.
to
John
Camp,
15
August-
�27-
Since
and
his
grass
inventory
lists
seed,
or more
one
hav,
Indian
of
these
English
oats,
corn,
crops
may
have
been
raised
Fodder and straw would have been a likely crop
livestock
raised
Dunmore
the
hand,
portion
leased
and
fodder
that
the
Though
no
surviving
sources
of
property,
that
show
locally
the
Palace
not
supplemented
indicate
that
for governors who
to
Botetourt,
Fauquier,
that
feed
to
chose
governors
may have
the
accounts
straw
purchases
their
livestock.
raise
these
crops
grown
tenant
59
The
crops.
on the
farmers
58
On
property.
cultivated
it is possible that parts of the Palace Lands were
Until
purpose.
Revolution,
the
Virginia
governors
collected
60
leased
on
so,
even
the
for
rents
but
grow
indicate
may
other
to
purchased
purchases
a
on
clover
112]
Lands.
and
and
wheat,
of
portions
Governor'
the
Lands
s
near
Jamestown.
WOODLAND:
The Desandrouins Map shows three widely scattered wooded areas within
the
Lands
Palace
by
Revolution,
the
but
only
the wooded
area
located
northwest
of the Palace lay within the original boundaries of the property.
before
Even
Lands
his
contained
moved
insufficient
unsuccessful
adjoining
he
attempt
to
the
supplies
in
1713
Ludwell' s plantation
to
Spotswood
Palace,
of
firewood.
exchange
This
a portion
near Jamestown
believed
no
of
with about
that
doubt
the
the
influenced
Governor'
40 acres
Palace
s Land
of Ludwell' s
61
woodland
near
58.
Estate
The
14
September
59.
Burwell
60.
Virginia
Amherst,
61.
25
of
1770
His
2,
Magazine
November
Letters
Lord
Excellency
receipt
Ledger
Spotswood
Several
Williamsburg.
ff.
5 (
1759,
2:
to
50,
66,
1897- 1898) :
PRO
WO
29- 30.
later
Botetourt
Goodhall,
Mr.
20,
years
69,
77,
245- 248;
34/ 37,
to
Botetourt
f.
30.
Spotswood
Benj.
approached
Fox,
Estate
1770,
John
and Blandford' s
Accounts.
94.
Francis
Fauquier
to
Majr.
Gen.
�28-
Custis about cutting firewood
Custis
but
was
agreeable
fire"
the
s
governor'
men
As
of
firewood
pasture,
Though
were
100
were
his
cutting
all
of
needed.
have
for
need,
that
fitt,
was
changed
when
he
for nothing
found
the
116]
Lands
were
cut
combined
with
his
additional
over,
desire
supplies
for
additional
the
Palace
62
to
buy
property
adjoining
listed in Botetourt' s inventory
112]
his
estate
accounts
Lands.
show that his servants
indicate
that
he
bought
63
1770.
Later
load
cart
a
Palace
the
mood
trees.
Fauquier
logging,
in
the
Trees
Scroby
only "
cooperative
This
prompted
for
tickets
exchanged
of
areas
the implements
wood
as
but
were
equipped
long
as
cut
wooded
may
from Custis' s swamp near the governor' s pasture.
fuel
as
needed,
was
each
ticket
could
be
64
of wood.
The last three colonial governors supplemented their wood supply
with
coal,
than
wood.
65
possibly because
coal produces
a hotter and longer lasting fire
Since some local residents also purchased coal during this period,
the
scarcity
gun
earlier.
of wood
in
the
Williamsburg
area
by
the
Revolution
may have be-
66
merchant
hundred
sometime
Bushells
62.
York
63.
Right
Botetourt
64.
County
more
than
Deeds
Lord
1770,
October
6:
Agreed
Botetourt
that
"My
Lord
tooke
five
67
for."
226- 230;
explained
he
The approximately
100 bushels
of sea
249- 251.
Estate
the
to
of
Ludwell,
Philip
1770,
Accounts.
Weldon
Account
Book,
f.
3,
Huntington
Library,
photocopy
in CW
Center.
Fauquier
Botetourt
to
appraisement,
George
copy
in
66.
Observation
67.
Neil
Research
before
Honble.
Estate
Benjamin
Research
65.
When Anthony Hay placed a second order for coal from a Norfolk
CW Research
Jamieson
Center.
of
Wythe,
Center;
Nicholas
Papers,
York
1770,
and
County
The
5282- 5,
Inventories
Virginia
Papers,
Virginia
Cresswell
23:
Wills &
Botetourt
quoted
Gazette (
in
Library
We
of
Rind) ,
Were
22:
10
There,
Congress,
83- 99;
State
Library,
March
p.
Lord
photo-
1774,
31.
photocopy
in CW
p.
3.
�29-
coal68
in
listed
Botetourt'
Cooking
large amounts
inventory
s
throughout
be
may
the
the year and heating
of fuel to supply approximately
coal
from
purchased
during
Hay.
cold weather
twenty fireplaces
[
12]
required
at the Palace
69
and
its
had
grates,
of
we can assume that Fauquier and Botetourt used coal for heating
Palace.
the
within
the
been
in
stoves
been
also
several
ball
the
and
for
used
nor
colony,
indicates
40 bushels
used
of
that
wood
charcoal
Chafing
supper
rooms,
since
he
since
listed
employed
left
he
68.
Eighteenth-
The
69.
a
coal)
mined
a
Botetourt'
blacksmith
at
the
and
could
the
Dutch
may
have
70
Charcoal
which
belonged
inventoried)
were
to
the
would
Dunmore undoubtedly had a forge
inventory.
s
inventory
in
Palace
72
Also
1773.
Dunmore
claimed
73
that
or
in
s
cooking,
forge,
moveables
71
been
have
in
charcoa1.
portable
only
fires.
Botetourt'
used
dishes
a
those
in
burned
Neither
forge (
fueled
listed
ways.
forge.
a
built- in
a
the presence of andirons among the furnishings
Conversely,
outbuildings
The
have
Since many of the rooms with fireplaces
outbuildings.
adjoining
set
of
blacksmith
terminology
century
and
number
of
tools
charcoal [
is
a
made
Oxford
fireplaces
when
English
estimated
he
fled
the
distinction
Dictionary
from
the
Palace.
between
9:
sea
coal ( mineral
319].
references
to
fireplace
tutor at Robert Carter' s
Philip Fithian,
inventory.
plantation,
noted in his journal that large amounts of wood were quickly consumed
cold weather.
In January 1774 four loads of wood were
during extremely
required daily to supply the 28 fireplaces in the main house and outbuildings
Fithian,
ed.
Hall [ Journal
and Letters
of Philip Vickers
at Nomini
by Hunter D.
in
equipment
Farish
(
Botetourt'
s
1968) ,
Charlottesville,
70.
Conversation
with
John
71.
Conversation
with
Harold
72.
Will
Ledger,
Probates
73.
John
Loyalists,
of
John
11/ 1052,
Caps/
Murray, Earl
25 February
A
of
p.
Davis,
B.
8479,
Gill,
Jr. ,
October
photocopy
Dumore,
1784,
Curator
29
dated
61].
PRO
of
Metalwork
Historian
for
CW,
probated 29
CW Research Center.
1773,
to Commissioners
A013/ 28.
for
on Losses
1
CW,
13
June
June
April
1979.
1979.
1779,
of American
PRO
�30-
WASTELAND:
The ravines
of
areas
and
several
Creek
small
Palace
detailed
to
taken
from
dug from pits
area.
tor
of
Palace
wrote
gravel
1771
While
the
visiting
and
Parish
the friend that
pit.
[ 17]
earlier,
of
into
the
these
part
fossil
surface
in
Gloucester
a
of
locates
the
three
large
tributary
of
Since
property.
waste
ravines
Queen'
this
s
boundary
areas,
it
is
not
sufficiently
of wasteland.
Williamsburg
collected
flow
locates
map
as a common
in
which
Map
form the principal
there was apparently little marshland within
amount
perhaps
creeks
Desandrouins
outcroppings
served
Kingston
Lands
and
the
the
boundary
ground,
the
along
creeks
northwest
Though
calculate
The
with
high
Lands.
By
Marl
the
the
along
Lands.
ones
formed
that
followed
the
Palace
the
and marshes
shell
of the wasteland
shells
found
in
for garden walks
February
County,
specimen
1771,
Rev.
was put
the
to use.
ravines
or
in the Williamsburg
Thomas
Fielde,
rec-
investigated a marl pit on the
for
an
English
friend.
Fielde
the pit was about eight feet deep and dug out like a
�31-
CHRONOLOGY:
Included
below
and
events
13
9
at
1698
Dec.
12 April
c.
the
of
governor'
Palace
the
s
Lands;
and
Palace;
the
to
the
1700- 1790
Lands,
lieutenant
governors,
involving
additions
Palace
the
and acting
lived at the
governors,
families
who
references
mention
of
to
construction,
celebrations
and
the Palace:
1698
Sept.
of
to members
transactions
renovations,
and
Palace
terms
references
governors;
Palace;
are
The
-
to
-
1705
King William III instructed Francis Nicholson to select
a site and encourage Council and the General Assembly to
appropriate money to build a house for the governor.
Col.
of
1700
Francis
the
Nicholson,
Council,
Governor.
William
President
Byrd,
officiated
24,
Sept. -
Oct.
Council
selected
during Nicholson' s absences:
April June
Sept.
1703;
Aug. -
1700;
land in Williamsburg
1704.
for the Governor' s
house.
1701
Sept.
Council purchased
the
adjoining
1705-
1737
about 63 acres of land in York County
lots
city
became
the
nucleus
George
Hamilton,
for
Earl
from
the
of
Tyler.
Henry
Palace
Orkney,
This
property
Lands.
Remained
Governor.
in
England.
12
Aug.
1705
23
Aug.
1705
15
June
1706
-
General Assembly passed
built for the governor.
23
Aug.
1706
-
Lt.
27
Aug.
1706
to -
Edmund
23
June
1710
23
June
1710
to -
Col.
27
Sept.
6 Dec.
to -
Col.
Edward
Gov.
Nott,
Nott
Lt.
Governor.
an act directing
a house
to be
died.
President
Jennings,
Alexander
Spotswood,
of
Lt.
the
Council,
acting
governor.
Governor.
1722
1710
General Assembly passed an act for finishing the governor' s
house.
12
Dec.
1713
-
General Assembly passed an act authorizing
and
John
Clayton
of Williamsburg
house.
to
receive
and to keep
moneys
John Holloway
collected
accounts
The act authorized Alexander
by
of work
c.
March
1716
-
Spotswood
moved
into
the
unfinished
on the
Spotswood
work on the governor' s house.
residence.
the
Trustees
governor' s
to oversee
�32-
c.
28
23
Dec.
1718
May
-
1720
-
Spotswood entertained about 200 persons
in honor of his majesty' s birthday.
General
Assembly
passed
an
act
at the Palace
authorizing
Henry
Cary
to finish the governor' s house.
27
Sept.
22
July
1726
22
July
1726
1
1722
1726
Aug.
11
Sept.
c.
28 May
11
Sept.
Aug.
to
Col.
-
to
-
1727
Col.
died
1727
1727
-
to
1749
Robert
wife
Hester
accom-
at
the
Carter,
Palace.
of
President
Council,
the
acting
Ball held at the Palace in honor of his majesty' s birthday.
and
sister-
Lt.
His
Governor.
in- law
Anne
Staunton,
Palace
in honor
wife,
Rebecca,
accompanied
son
him
Virginia.
Gooch
entertained
of his
1730
Gooch,
William
Majr.
William,
1727
July
His
Governor.
governor.
the
to
accession
8
Lt.
Drysdale,
Drysdale
to
Fall
Hugh
panied him to Virginia.
majesty'
General
of
his
and
llth)
September
(
authorized
treasurer
the
a covered way between
No
house.
main
the
the
majesty'
later
s
in honor
s birthday.
Assembly
for building
at
throne
other
references
to
£ 100
outbuildings
and
to
several
mention
pay
up
the
covered
way.
30
Oct.
1736
-
20
Jan.
1736/ 37 -
Ball
held
at
the
Palace
in honor
of his
majesty'
Ball
held
at
the
Palace
in honor
of
the
birthday
of
Wales.
royal
6
1737
Oct.
22
Dec.
1754
29
Oct.
1737
15
Dec.
1737
to
-
William
in
Frederick,
highness
Anne
Keppel,
Prince
Earl
of
Albermarle,
s birthday.
of his
Governor.
Remained
England.
Ball held at the Palace in honor of his majesty' s birthday.
-
-
Council
Philip Finch
Palace Street.
ordered
and planting
be
to
paid £10
for
laying
out
30
Oct.
1738
-
Ball held
at the Palace
in honor
of his majesty'
s birthday.
30
Oct.
1739
-
Ball
at
in honor
of his
s birthday.
15
Oct.
1740
July
to -
1741
held
Gooch absent
forces
in
a
the
Palace
from Virginia
military
while
commanding
the American
Cartagena.
against
expedition
majesty'
His
family remained at the Palace.
15
Oct.
July
17
1740
to
-
Rev.
James
Blair,
President
of
the
Council,
acting
1741
Oct.
1742
-
Gooch'
s
son,
William
Gooch,
Jr. ,
died
at
the.
Palace.
governor.
�33-
Nov.
1746
Gooch
created
Aug.
1749
Gooch
returned
4
1749
Sept.
Nov.
1750
Nov.
1749
to -
Thomas
1750
21 Nov.
1751
1751-
21
2
-
1752
Nov.
Jan.
20
to
Dec.
1751
to -
thoroughly
Trade
repairs
that
1751
-
renovated.
Robert
Dinwiddie,
Nov.
9 Nov.
1752
-
Nov.
agreed
Lee
informed
estimated
to
it
governor.
should
the
£ 1259:
cost
be
Board
of
6: 0
0
the
Council,
His
Governor.
acting
governor.
Rebecca,
wife,
and
and Rebecca accompanied him to Virginia.
Receiver-
general,
purchased
House
Carter
current
Carter
Robert
of
from
Grymes
money.
for £ 450
Nicholas
Dr.
sold
19
on
the
property
Kenneth
McKenzie
the property
1753.
Dec.
Dinwiddie and his family moved into the Palace.
1752
Dinwiddie
of
10
Lt.
Robert
the
as
for £ 537: 10:
c.
and
Thomas
were
Elizabeth
Grymes,
Philip
to
acting
Palace
President
Palace
known
Council,
the
money.
Burwell,
Louis
of
the
repaired.
daughters
1758
England.
inspected
current
21 Nov.
to
President
Lee,
Council
a baronet.
1752
the
entertained
Cherokee
Dinwiddie
held
the
Nation
Council
at
a ball
the
at
the
and
the
Emperor
and
Empress
Palace.
Palace
and
fireworks
on
Palace
Green in honor of his majesty' s birthday.
1753- 1754
4
June
The unusually high cost of Palace repairs during these
years indicate that the north wing was added at this time.
1755
Dinwiddie held a ball in honor of the birthday
highness
10
Nov.
1755
-
17
Mar.
1756
to -
July
2
7
7
June
1758
3
Mar.
1768
Sept.
1768
Campbell,
Dinwiddie
to
1758
25
of
of his royal
Wales.
Earl
of
Loudon,
Governor.
Remained
in
England.
June
July
John
1758
1758
Jan.
Prince
Dinwiddie held a ball in honor of his majesty' s birthday.
1759
Jan.
George,
-
to
1759
-
John
to
Blair,
Francis
son
Major
returned
President
Fauquier,
Francis
General,
England.
to
Lt.
England.
of
the
His
Governor.
accompanied
Sir
Council,
Jeffrey
him
to
acting
wife
governor.
Catherine
and
Virginia.
Amherst,
Governor.
Remained
in
�34-
8
1760
Jan.
Fauquier
John
29
1760
May
purchased
52 acres
and his
Ferguson
adjoining
for
wife
£
250
the Palace
current
Lands
from
money.
Fauquier purchased 35 acres adjoining the Palace Lands from
Moody for £ 70 current money.
Matthew
c.
20
Sept.
c.
10
Oct.
27
Sept.
Nov.
or
to
-
1761
to
conferred
with
Amherst
in New York
about
Indian
affairs.
late
Dec.
early
Fauquier
Fauquier
attended
in
tribes
a peace
Augusta,
conference
with
southern
Indian
Georgia.
1763
24
May
25
Oct.
1766'
Mrs.
1767
-
Fauquier
to
3 Mar.
1768
4 Mar.
1768
26
Oct.
1768
20
Apr.
1768
the
-
-
John
1768
Oct.
1770
15
May
10
to -
1769
in honor
at
Palace.
the
purchased
returned
Jr. ,
of his
majesty'
Norborne
1775,
and
to
of
make
a
Berkeley,
the
Council,
acting
the 52 and 35- acre
Fauquier
date
Lands,
Oct.
Fauquier,
a ball
President
Francis
this
15
died
Blair,
Council
of
26
held
Francis
to
England.
s accession
throne.
Fauquier
to
and
Fauquier
tracts
Governor.
from the estate
for £ 250
sterling.
Sometime
between
200
acres
added
the
total
more
of
Baron
about
364
were
Palace
acres.
Botetourt,
de
to
Governor.
Botetourt held a ball in honor of the queen' s birthday.
June
to
William
c.
July
1769
stayed
25
Oct.
1769
-
26
Dec.
1769
-
Tryon,
at
Governor
the
of
North
Carolina,
and
his
wife
Palace.
Botetourt held a ball on the day appointed to honor his
majesty' s birthday.
Botetourt held a ball for the ladies and gentlemen of
Williamsburg.
2
Sept.
1770
-
Robert
Eden,
Governor
of
Maryland,
and
his
wife
arrived
for a visit.
15
Oct.
1770
15
Oct.
1770
25
Sept.
19
Oct.
25
8
Sept.
June
-
to -
Botetourt
died
William
Nelson,
Funeral
of
at
the
Palace.
President
of
the
Council,
acting
Governor.
1771
1770
1771
1775
-
to
John
Botetourt.
Murray,
Earl
of
Dunmore,
Governor,
resided
at
the
Palace.
�35-
1771
Oct.
25
-
411
Dunmore held a ball in honor of his majesty' s accession
to
1771
Nov.
2
the
throne.
Dunmore presented
Council
25
1772
Oct.
-
1773
Oct.
-
Feb.
1774
-
18
1774
Jan.
1775
Dunmore,
Lady
1775
Apr.
-
to
Dunmore
Lady
and
Murray,
John,
six
of
her
children
and
Augusta,
Catherine,
Susan)
in Williamsburg.
Virginia,
named
held
Virginia
late
Charlotte
Alexander,
Daughter,
-
the Palace,
£ 654: 10: 0.
cost
throne.
arrived
Dec.
to
Dunmore held a ball in honor of his majesty' s accession to
George,
3
for enlarging
estimated
plan
throne.
the
26
the
Dunmore held a ball in honor of his majesty' s accession
the
25
a plan to Council
approved
a ball
baptized
Dunmore
and
born
in honor
that
the
to Lord
of her
and Lady
majesty'
Dunmore.
s birthday.
afternoon.
children
left
the
Palace
and went
on
board the man- of- war Fowey stationed in Hampton Roads.
4 May
1775
A detachment
at
12
8
May
1775
June
1775
the
of 40 sailors
1776
2
About
a.
Dunmore
m.
boarded
the
and
the
children,
the
College
-
March
arrived
Fowey
of
and his family left the Palace and
On June 29th Lady Dunmore
Yorktown.
at
accompanied
William
Major
to
and
Thomas
Rev.
by
sailed
Mary,
for
Gwatkin,
from
England.
Dun-
aboard a ship in the Norfolk area.
Guards ordered to protect the public horses in the Palace
pasture
29
from the Fowey
Lady Dunmore and the children returned to the Palace.
more took up quarters
21 Mar.
and marines
Palace.
and repair
General
the
Charles
fences.
Lee
resided
at
the
Palace.
13 May 1776
15
June
1776
-
Palace and its outbuildings appropriated for a public hospital.
25
June
1776
-
Dunmore' s slaves and personal estate sold at auction at the
Palace.
29
June
1776
-
Patrick
Henry
one- year
1
July
1776
The
Convention
Palace
llcome
5
July
1776
and
the
its
He
governor.
rescinded
Palace.
the
outbuildings
governor'
Convention
the
chosen
served
three
successive
terms.
s
resolution
for
to
a hospital
appropriate
the
so
be-
it
could
residence.
appropriated
Standing
£
1000
to purchase
furniture
already
at
furniture
the
Palace
for
was
to
�36-
be
24
1776
July
-
appraised
and
form
deducted
Council
ordered
the Commissary
himself
and
effects
the
his
Master
Quarter
to
the
1000
appropriation.
of Provisions
fromthe
remove
£
Palace.
to remove
They
also
horses,
wagons,
and
ordered
other
things from the Palace and finish erecting the fence which
separated the part of the Palace Lands to be used by the
governor
25
1776
July
-
1776
the
16
to
May
1776
Sept.
ordered
to
his
1777
Fall
the
1778
Aug.
1
1779
the
at
Palace,
accommodate
the
Capitol,
and
Lands.
In
During
as
the first year
hostess.
Dorothea
and Henry' s young
took up residence at the Palace.
first
Henry,
Dorothea
troops
Palace
buildings.
served
wife
2000
the
on
Palace.
the
first wife
Spotswood
and
first
of
two
Thomas
Jefferson,
March
1780
Martha
and
April
1780
Capital
June
June
read
purposes.
of
born
Henry,
10
at
children
the
born
to
Palace.
The General Assembly elected Thomas Jefferson governor for
the
mid-
for military
these
at
second
by his
Dorothea
1779
June
alloted
built
Christian
s
Henry'
to
horses
burned
Anne
sister
Patrick
100
resided
Henry
Patrick
barracks
house
British
children
2
acres
Independence
Council
Patrick
1779
200
Courthouse.
stables
1781
c.
the
of
Declaration
and
Sept.
from
to
1780
of
successive
Mary,
his
wife
lived
at
Virginia
moved
terms.
Martha,
the
to
and
their
daughters
Palace.
Richmond.
Betsy Ambler of Yorktwon attended a private ball at the
Palace.
Oct.-
1781*
Dec.
22
1781
Dec.
-
Palace used as a hospital
-
few
30
May
1782
May
11
About
1784
the
p. m.
Palace
for the American Army.
caught
fire
and
burned
within
a
hours.
Gov.
Benjamin Harrison recommended that the General Assembly
sell
the
General
Palace
Lands.
vesting the Palace Lands,
and other property in
the Williamsburg area in the College of William and Mary.
the
December
23rd
is
often
Assembly
Governor'
cited
as
s
passed
Lands
the
day
legislation
near
the
Jamestown,
Palace
burned.
The
error
arises
through misdating of Rochambeau' s letter informing George Washington of the fire
Palace
at
the
is
dated
on
December
the
previous
23rd,
but
evening.
the
English
Rochambeau'
translation
s
letter,
is
dated
written
December
in
French,
24th.
�37-
15
June
1785
-
and
The
College
Lands
12
Jan.
1786
c.
Oct.
1786
-
at
Edmund
he
Randolph
mortgaged
Greenhow
of William
auctions
but
held
and Mary
at
acquired
the
the
the
property
the
Palace
tried
Raleigh
Palace
to
Lands.
to Williamsburg
Lands
reverted
sell
the
Palace
Tavern.
to
In August
merchant
the
1788
Robert
College
of
William and Mary by early 1790.
2
June
1790
Samuel
the
411
Smith
College
McCroskey
of William
purchased
the
and Mary
for £
Palace Lands
1300 current
from
money.
�APPENDIX
111
This
Note:
as
1.
Whereas
and
ordered
of
Tilar
of
his
a
sixty
the
ordr.
a
York
the
of
Council
small
Gent.
built
be
to
and Dominion
County
and
expanded
in
references
dated
of
Land
Adjoyned
to
the
the
should
purchased
materials
of
25th
the
Parcell
for
to
Ordered
Residence
belonging
Lotts
of
sd.
the
the
aforesd.
Executive
Mr.
in
of
Goverr.
it was
Hen.
the
City
this
lay' d out by the
Tyler at the rate
of 20
it appears
honerble.
Wm.
Byrd
Esqr.
his
Majties.
auditr.
Henry Tyler the Sume of sixty three pounds sterling
Extract
to
assigned
be survey' d and
the
1701
Apll.
to be
acres
That
sd.
cited
text.
per acre a Survey thereof being returned whereby
three
the
an
that
house
Colony
contains
numbers
of
County
Majties.
shills.
of
the
of
by
appointed
Wmsburgh.
Surveyr.
the
appendix
bracketed
from
pay
unto
in Consideration
Land."
4
September
Journals
of
the
1701
Council
Council
meeting,
2( Richmond,
Henry
1927) :
R.
Mcllwaine,
183]
ed. ,
�39-
2.
The deed from Ferguson to Fauquier mentions
according
in
the
to
a
earlier
deed
from
Benjamin
deed
read
as
Beginning
Waller
to
that
James
the property
The
Keith.
is bounded
bounds
recited
follows:
at a Stake which
from a Stone
on Mr Cokes Line towards
the head of the dividing branch is Eleven Chain Runing N 49' W 10 Chain to
the head
of a branch
then
down
the branch
to
the Main
branch
that
Comes
from
Capitol Spring and the Governors Pasture branch then up the Main branch to
the fork then up the branch wch Comes from the Capitol Spring to a stake
which from the Lower part of Mr Andersons Land where
branch is 14 Chain
Extract
Deeds
ibid. ,
410
of
deed
212-
5:
6:
then the dividing
from
216;
226- 230,
Waller
to
Keith
Straight
recorded
it Crosses
the Same
Line to the place begun
17
August
1747,
deed from Ferguson to Fauquier recorded
photocopies in CW Research Center]
York
at."
County
18 February
1760,
�40-
3.
Bounds of the deed from Moody to Fauquier read as follows:
Beginning
on the
Capitol
Spring branch
Andrew Andersons
that Land North
lately
at the Corner of the Land of the said Francis
Thence
now belonging
Sixty
inclosing
Degrees
up
the said Branch
to the Raleigh
East
four Chains
the said Moody' s Cornfeild
Tavern
to the Land
Thence
along
formerly
along a Line of
to the Corner
Thence
Fauquier
of a Ditch
that Ditch
as it
Meanders to a Stone marked IP in John Cokes Line Thence along his Line North
Fortynine
and thence
the
degrees
West
Eleven
along his Line
Chains
South
forty
to
the
Land
one Degrees
of
the
said
West twenty
Beginning."
Deed
recorded
11
July
1760,
York
County
Deeds
6:
249- 251]
Francis
Fauquier
one Chains
to
�41-
411
4.
in
"
Will
his
Moody,
like
made
two
a
Council
the
Extract
Executive
the
of f250
the
land
belonging
tract
Board
which
to
Sterling
taken
furniture;
and
it
20
April
Journals
of
the
was
1768
the
in
Council
Council
the
late
of
Mr.
might
and also his household
that
trust
bought
he
for
Governor
Ferguson,
be
desired
and
Mr.
offered
to
furniture
at
the
Governors:
under
proposals
ordered
that
Government,
the
but unanimously
Receiver- General
from
of
parcels
having
mentioned;
to
acquainted
for the use of succeeding
price,
buying
price
Esqr.
at the price
The
of
that
adjoining
Council
the
Nelson
William
consideration,
agreed to purchase
deeds
the
meeting,
6( Richmond,
of
use
conveyance
of
Benjamin
1966) :
the
J.
the
of
disapproved
lands at the
the
same
Government."
Hillman,
288- 289]
ed. ,
be
�a
b
a
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M
F.
H
ti
y
j.'
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�47-
The
Note:
and
Council
its
adjoining
of
cost
the
PALACE
receiver- general
for
changes
Payments
hogshead
every
sundry
made
of
semi- annual
at
made
from
the
royal
the
accounts to the governor
and presumably to
Palace,
exported
tobacco
revenues
from
two
(
shillings
indicate
Virginia)
and repairs varied
expenses,
charges,
1723- 1774
REPAIRS,
presented
and
repairs
lands.
for
collected
OF
TOTALS
SEMI- ANNUAL
7.
that
considerably.
Totals listed below are extracted from accounts printed in the
Executive
totals
by
and
30
from
repairs
last
1723
sent
were
To
to
Governor'
the
These
Council.
the
accounts
to
accounts
May
of
Journals
the
House
s
incomplete
of
Board
begin
Trade
be
to
records
listed)
are
supplemented
1723 (
between
when
and
1774 (
111:
0: 4- 1/ 2 [
charges
when
the
recorded) . ]
sundry
Charges
about
Governors
the
EJC
4: 41]
House
5
Nov.
1723
To
sundry
for
Accts.
Governors
the
Reparation
incorrect
EJC
6
1724
May
To
the
Charge
of
the
Governors
f.
CO5/ 1319,
51: 7: 10
of
House
169,
total printed
4: 57]
31:
0:
7-
3/ 4 [
EJC 4: 69]
House
5
1724
Nov.
To
Wm.
about
4 May
1725
To
the
29
Oct.
1725
To
Henry
3 May
1726
To
Wm.
about
2
Nov.
1726
To
May
1727
To
Wm.
for
sundry
51: 16: 9- 3/ 4 [ EJC
4: 76]
about
9. 19: 10- 3/ 4 [ EJC
4: 85]
EJC
4: 91]
for
sundry
House
for
Governors
Prentis
for
repairs
24. 7. 10- 1/ 2 [
House
Governors
Price
the
Repairs
Governors
Prentis
the
Repairs
House
House
Cary
the
Richd.
about
6
for
Cary
Henry
sundry
Governors
Governors
about
for
Prentis
the
repairs
sundry
repairs
13: 9. 0 [
EJC
4: 101]
7: 12: 2 [
EJC
4: 120]
House
sundry
expences
-
£
45. 5. 5- 1/ 2 [
EJC
4: 137]
in repairing the Governors House
2
Nov.
1727
To
Wm.
Repairs
2
May
1728
To
and
Wm.
Nov.
1728
To
upon
Prentis
other
ernors
2
Prentis
Wm.
about
for
the
money
Governors
for
services
sundry
about
paid
for
85. 10. 5 [ EJC
4: 154]
House
repairs
the
147: 5: 2 [
EJC 4. 174]
Gov-
House
Prentis
the
for
Governors
sundry
House.
Repairs
7:
19: 2- 1/ 2 [
EJC
4: 192]
in
�48-
3
1729
May
To
Wm.
about
5
1729
Nov.
To
Wm.
about
6 May
1730
To
Wm.
1730
Nov.
To
s
Sundry
House
for
Sundry
Governors
55: 11: 8- 1/ 4 [ EJC
4: 203]
Charges
29: 18: 9- 1/ 4 [
EJC
4: 211]
repairs
17: 19. 5 [
4. 217]
EJC
House
for
about
reparations
House
for
Prentice
bursements
sundry
Governors
Prentis
the
Wm.
for
Governor'
Prentis
the
about
4
Prentis
the
Dis-
Sundry
the
54: 7: 3 [ EJC
4: 232]
40: 7: 5- 1/ 2
CO
Governours
House
25
Oct.
1730-
By
25
Apr.
1731
Governor' s House
1731
Nov.
4
To
Warrant
a
Wm.
for
Prentis
bursements
Repairs
for
about
done
Sundry
to
the
53:
Dis-
11:
7- 1/
5/ 1322,
EJC
2 [
f.
4: 255]
the Governors
House
29
June
1732
To
Wm.
about
2
Nov.
1732
To
Wm.
about
411
4 May
1733
To
Wm.
about
2
Nov.
1733
To
Wm.
about
4 May
1734
To
the
1
Nov.
5
May
4 Nov.
1734
1735
1735
Wm.
May
4 Nov.
1736
1736
for
for
Prentis
the
Sundry
House
for
sundry
Governors
House
Prentis
26: 4: 0 [ EJC
Repairs
125: 1: 0 [ EJC
repairs
41: 4: 0 [ EJC
4: 300]
Repairs
43: 1: 9- 1/ 2 [
EJC
Repairs
for
about
4: 322]
15: 4 [ EJC
4: 337]
about
the
Governors
House
64:
To
Repairs
about
the
Governors
House
27: 13: 8- 1/ 2 [
To
Wm.
To
Repairs
To
Sundry
for
Sundry
Governors
House
Repairs
107:
12:
House
58: 0: 0 [ EJC
Repairs
about
Governors
61: 5: 10 [ EJC
Repairs
aboutthe
the
the
EJC
11- 1/ 4 [
Governors
to
4: 314]
79: 13: 8 [ EJC
Repairs
Prentis
4: 292]
House
To
the
4: 280]
House
Governors
Prentis
the
Sundry
for
Repairs
House
Governors
Prentis
the
Sundry
Governors
Governors
about
5
Prentis
the
4. 352]
EJC
4:
4: 370]
4: 385]
House
5
May 1737
To
Sundry
Governors
119: 1: 11 [ EJC
Governors
77: 9: 0 [ EJC
4: 396]
House
3 Nov.
1737
To
William
Prentis
for
the
4: 408]
House
S
5
May
1738
To
Repairs
about
the
Governors
House
78: 14: 10 [ EJC
4: 417]
363]
206
�49-
1738
7 Nov.
To
William
the
5
1739
May
To
Prentis
Governors
Repairs
for
Repairs
the
Governors
about
77: 11: 10 [
EJC
4: 427]
House
done
to
50: 7: 4 [
EJC
4: 438]
78: 2: 6 [
EJC
5: 3]
House
3 Nov.
17
1739
June
1740
Repairs
For
To
William
for Repairs
to
House
Governors
the
Prentis
for
so
much
103: 18: 9 [ EJC
paid
done
to
the
Governors
done
to
the
Governors
for
so
5: 21]
House
1740
3 Nov.
5
1741
May
For
To
Repairs
William
Prentise
for
Repairs
of
the
much
Governors
House
£
31: 13: l
[ EJC
5: 37]
17: 12: 11 [ EJC
paid
5: 52]
House
E79: 5: 5 [ EJC
5: 74]
3 Nov.
1741
For
Repairs
done
to
the
Governors
House
18
May
1742
For
Repairs
done
to
the
Governors
House
£
47: 6: 10- 1/ 2 [
29
Oct.
For
Repairs
done
to
the
Governors
House
£
89: 7: 8 [ EJC
For
Repairs
done
to
the
Governors
House
£
48: 14: 11 [ EJC
For
Repairs
done
to
the
Governors
House
£
72: 1: 5 [
For
Repairs
done
to
the
Governors
House
£
81: 15: 9 [ EJC
5. 143]
For
repairs
done
to
the
Governors
120: 9: 0 [ EJC
5: 166]
done
to
the
Governors
63: 6. 0 [ EJC
6
May
3 Nov.
3 May
1
Nov.
1742
1743
1743
1744
1744
EJC
EJC
5: 88]
5: 102]
5: 120]
5: 136]
House
4
May
1745
For
repairs
5: 174]
House
4
Nov.
5
May
6 Nov.
Note:
29
Oct.
7 May
2
Dec.
5
May
6 Nov.
1745
1746
1746
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
House
103:
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
House
79: 13: 8 [
EJC
5: 210]
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
House
174: 2: 3 [ EJC
5: 225]
12: 3 [ EJC
5: 192]
No account for May 1747 has been located. ]
1747
1748
1748
1749
1749
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
House
55: 13: 11 [ EJC
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
House
56. 16. 2 [
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
House
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
House
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
House
EJC
21: 2. 0 [ EJC
26:
5: 252]
5: 275]
15: 11 [ EJC
18. 1. 5 [
EJC
5: 246]
5.
5. 287]
305]
�50-
7 May
1750
6 Nov.
31
1750
1 Nov.
1751
1752
7 May
6 Nov.
1752
1753
7 May
16
1751
July
Nov.
1753
May 1754
7
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
18: 9: 4 [ EJC
For
Repairs - to
the
Governor'
s
House
14: 15: 11 [ EJC
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
134: 6: 1 [
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
818: 8: 10 [
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
195: 4: 3 [ EJC
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
1114: 6: 7 [
EJC
5: 453]
For
Repairs
to
the
Governors
6 [
EJC
5: 470]
25
April-
25
Oct.
1754
Governors
25
Oct.
1754
By
By
a
a
Warrant
to
Apr.
1755
25
Apr.
to
By
25
Oct.
1755
25
Oct.
1755
By
to
25
Apr.
112:
10:
5: 317]
5: 343]
EJC
5: 348]
5: 370]
EJC
5: 398]
EJC
5: 412]
5: 426]
repairs
done
to
the
853: 4: 10
CO
5/ 1328,
repairs
done
to
the
88: 15:
CO
5/
repairs
done
to
the
71: 2: 3
CO
5/ 1328,
f.
175]
repairs
done
to
the
33: 5: 4
CO
5/ 1328,
f.
203]
for
for
2
1328,
for
for
House
1756
11 Nov.
7 May
5
Nov.
6 May
6 Nov.
5
May
6 Nov.
7 May
12
410
Nov.
6 May
1756
1757
1757
1758
1758
1759
1759
1760
1760
1761
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
53: 8: 2 [
EJC
6: 20]
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
10: 0: 0 [
EJC
6: 46]
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
10: 0: 0 [
EJC
6: 72]
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
10: 0: 0 [ EJC
6: 90]
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
162: 15: 2 [
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
164: 9: 5 [
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
69: 10: 0 [ EJC
6: 148]
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
45: 13: 5 [ EJC
6: 159]
For
Repairs
to
the
Governour'
For
Repairs
done
to
the
Governours
done
to
the
Governor'
s
House
EJC
6: 119]
EJC 6: 139]
114: 0: 11 [ EJC
32: 9: 6 [ EJC
6: 175]
6: 187]
House
6 Nov.
1761
For
Repairs
House
f.
128]
f.
161]
House
Warrant
a
Governors
House
56: 5: 9 [
EJC
House
Warrant
a
Governors
House
19: 13: 7 [
House
Warrant
Governors
House
s
77: 11: 11 [ EJC
6: 201]
�51-
7
1762
May
411
Repairs
For
done
to
the
Governour'
s
49.
14. 4 [ EJC
6: 219]
done
to
the
Governour'
s
92:
17: 2 [
EJC
6: 237]
done
to
the
Governour'
s
43. 10. 2 [
EJC
6: 254]
House
5
1762
Nov.
Repairs
For
House
5
1763
May
Repairs
For
House
Warrant
25
Apr.
to
By
25
Oct.
1763
Governors
25
Oct.
1763
By
a
a
Repairs
done
to
the
84: 2:
2
CO
5/ 1330,
f.
323]
Repairs
done
to
the
59: 3: 4
CO
5/ 1330,
f.
324]
for
House
Warrant
for
to 25 Apr. 1764 Governors House
6
1764
Nov.
25
to
Repairs
By a Warrant for
1765 Governors House
25
Apr.
to
By
25
Oct.
1765
Governors
Oct.
1765
By
25
25
Governor'
the
Apr. 1766
a
a
Warrant
Apr.
to
By
25
Oct.
1766
Governors
25
Oct.
1766
By
a
6: 274]
to
the
86: 2: 10
CO
5/
Repairs
to
the
307: 5: 10
CO
5/ 1331,
f.
140]
Repairs
to
the
82: 18: 11
CO
5/ 1331,
f.
142]
Repairs
to
the
467: 16: 6
CO
5/ 1332,
f.
11]
Repairs
to
the
193: 12:
CO
5/ 1332,
f.
9]
for
1331,
for
for
for
4
to 25 Apr. 1767 Governors House
6 Nov.
7 May
1767
1768
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
57: 10: 1 [
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
382:
EJC
6: 284]
11: 0 [ EJC
6: 290]
4 Nov.
1768
For
repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
91: 12: 0 [
11 May
1769
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
324: 4: 11 ( EJC
1769
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
505: 2: 7 [
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
312: 17: 9 [
EJC
6: 343]
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
205: 12: 0 [ EJC
6: 379]
7
Nov.
4
May
8
Nov.
1770
1770
8 May
1771
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
34: 9: 6 [
2
1771
For
Repairs
to
the
Governor'
s
House
418: 6: 9 [
For
repairs
done
Nov.
7 May
1772
House
f.
53]
House
Warrant
a
EJC
House
Warrant
25
3: 5 [
House
Warrant
Governors
274:
House
s
Repairs
1764
Oct.
25 Apr
to
to
to
the
Governor'
s
EJC
6: 305]
6: 317]
EJC 6: 333]
EJC
6: 409]
EJC
194: 10: 0 [ EJC
6: 437]
6: 460]
�52-
6 Nov.
1772
For
Repairs
done
to
the
Governors
378: 13: 6 [ EJC
6: 511]
done
to
the
Governors
426: 16: 11 [ EJC
done
to
the
Governor'
s
637: 8: 7 [
EJC
6: 550]
done
to
the
Governor'
s
467: 1: 6 [
EJC
6: 562]
the
974: 0: 6
CO
House
7 May
1773
Repairs
For
6: 525]
House
6
Nov.
1773
For
Repairs
House
27
May
1774
Repairs
For
House
25
25
Apr.
Oct.
Warrant
to
By
1774
Governors
a
for
House
Repairs
done
to
5/ 1353,
f. 99]
�5 3-
8.
to
That the Commanding
Ordered,
order
the
Master,
Quarter
as soon as possible
to
remove
Officer at this Station be requested
the
Waggons,
and that he finish without
Horses & c.
from
the
Palace
delay the Fence agreed by the
Governor to be the division of the Park between that part wanted for his own
use
and
that
hundred
Acres
Extract
of
the
allotted
from
Council
for
the
use
of
the
Public
supposed
to
contain
two
of Land."
24
of
July
the
1776
State
Council
of
meeting,
Virginia
Henry
R.
l( Richmond,
Mcllwaine,
1931) :
90]
ed. ,
Journal
�5 4-
9.
Edmund
Randolph
Octor.
28
Esgr.
Dr.
1786
To
of
sand
11
days
To
6
do
9
20
To
carting 2 loads
of
@
4:
7:
6
2:
6:
2:
@ 6/
in
working
6
days
6
2/
work
days
8
1/. &
@
lime
1:
days
6
2/
@
4
36/ &
windows
1:
wall & 21
outside
in
bushels
10
of
1/
@
lime
putting
labour
To
out
4:
1: 15:_
6 &
2/
repairing
of
labour
& Earth
35/
4/
bushels
To
@
labour
days
2:
1/
floor
Room
passage &
7
To
@
lime
Stone
removing
ye
Novemr.
of
bushels
44
To
cuting out ye wall
3:_
frames
window
1787
23
January
To
6
bushels
of
2- 1/ 2 days
6/. &
lime
labour
6/ 3
To
12:
underpining
Holes &
air
April
12
To
157
of
larthing & plastering
To
labr
@
2/
wash. &
House
To
200
in
To
Larthing, &
To
2
days
To
5
bushels
Tho.
@
yds
@
layg
1: 16:__
laying them @52/
46 feet of Water
300
10/ (
at
@
for
6: 13:
3
@ 2/ 6
7:
50 yds
@
at 6d
3:
2:
1/
6
5:_
@ 6/ (
to
Delivered
to
1: 10:
sow)
f
Per
9
2:
4d Nails
590,
lime
2/
Wheat
Lawson
5/
5:
2/
hair
of
@
26:
for Necessary
plastering
labour
Return
6
Pallace)
at
1/ 3. &
bushels
5: 11
washing 4 Rooms &
ditto
of
of
yd.
3:
10/. &
@
6
4: 18:
10:_
Garden
bushel
18
5
6.
larthes
1
Novemr.
2/
6d pr
Lime &
4 Arches
Ditto
196
1: 12:
and Seting
@
1:
8 loads
6/
bricks.
Table
10:
6
Wht.
@
Passages
10000
Carting
Chimneys
3/.
To Rubing
To
2
@
Wht.
1/ 6
@
3- 1/ 2d
@
do
4 harthes
2
To
226
Contracting
Day
15:
of
3: 13:
plastering
4
Do
2/
To
To
7
@
6 &
2/
To
To
August
@
larthes
6/
@
10
1/. &
3
cutting
labour
days
1600
@
Sand
Trimmer, &
lime
labour
days
23
of
2/. &
@
&
1/ 2
2-
Bushels
hair
To
Girder
83:
5
1:
Cr.
Contra
1786
Novemr
3rd
By
250
old
By 200
By
an
410
Bricks
from
the
Palace
Order
7:
Accepted
to
Messrs.
Nicolson
11: 15: 10
Co.
By
an
omition
By
an
Order
in
the
Order
2: .
of
1788
f 70: 10: 0
6
6:
do.
on
Mr.
Charles
Hunt
for
70: 10:_ ,
�55-
a Receipt
Accepted
this Day &
full for same
given
in
f
Edmund
Randolph
1:
83:
5
Dr.
Esqr.
1788
18
March
To
2
of
bushels
@ 3/. (
Oats
Thomas
pr.
6:
Lawson)
May
To 14760 bricks
17
Dary.
June
To
To
28
by
agreement
bushels
of
lime
94
3
loads
@
2/
9:_
18:
12
doors
To
250
bricks
To
66
37
&
To
@
To
15
To
21
To
To
27
of
Sand
To
Repairing
To
2
14
21
To
10
bushels
up
the
25
To
12
days
lime
@
14: __ :
6
1/. &
Chimney & Cleaning
1: 16:_
10
Carting
days
4 loads
labour
Chimney &
puting
5/. (
Repairg
@
of
2/
labr.
of
to
back
to
Caps &
@
5: 13:_
6
2/
Repairing
Balls
on
August
2
Gate &
14th)
wells
Cuting
1:_
20/
16
bush.
2:
24/
5:_
10:_
6
lime
10/. &
bricking
1:
15/
Spring
bushels
2:
3:_. _
labr
Carried
2:
10/
lime &
Fillers
16/. &
4
2
6
2:
@
Kitchen
labour
To
To
Kitchen
60/
Stone
days
5: 14:
@ 4/ 6
36/
2/. &
@
wall
days
13 days
Kitchen
of
Rebuilding
lime
6
days
6
2/
Arches
Down
bushels
the
@
7:
Seting 1 Door Arch 12/ 6 &
80
End
3: 12:_
7/ 6
17
old
6
Carting
1/. &
2/. &
to
17:
Cutting
Work
20 bus.
7/ 6.
Bricks
the
@
walls
3 Window
Takeing
Frames & c
6/. &
@
labour
Rubing &
do
day
in
6
2/
bricks
days
@
lime
Sand
work
days
250
5
labour
pr
Rubed
for
of
Repairing
5
workg
of
bush.
6/.
@
work
days
6
Carting
7 days
5:
out
To
30
1/ &
@
@ 2/. &
Sand
of
26: 17:
@ 25/
6
labour
August
of the
M
pr.
lime &c.
3 loads
July
25/
at
c.
To 21500 ditto in Building Smoak House
7
14
411
in the Building
Lime &
5:_
5:_
5/
lime
folio
12:—
12/
126
f
99: 13:_
6
�56-
Dr.
Brought
forward
August
25
from
f
99
folio
95: 13:
[
1788
To putting
in Door frame in partition
Octor.
4
1/ 2
To
2-
To
20 bushels
in
working
7
21
To
6
To
Setting
6
To
1
Days
To
1/ 2
To
up
out
2: 16:
15:
6
7/ 6 &
Grate
a
laying a Hearth
2/
labour
of whitewash
bushel
plastering
Brick
To
mending
8
To
laying
2
2/
work &
whitewashing
2:
6
pointing
5/. &
Hearths
@
To
9
10
To
7/ 6
Settg up a Grate
Setting up 2 Grates @
12
To
2
bush.
6/. &
lime
5/
Walls
underpining
To
of
do
lime
of
labr
2/
days
7/ 6.
6
labr.
Setting
Trimmer
6:
6
1:
1:
6
1:
3:
6
5/
bushels
up
of
a Grate
11:
1/ 6
mendg Back of Chimney
to
4:
2/.
Kitchen
1/ 6
To
Labr.
To
5 bushels
6
5:,
6
2/.
lime
2/. &
do
2
1/.
labr.
bushels
7/ 6 &
23
of
6
10:
mending
29
1/. &
6
@ 4/
Rooms
2:
6
1/ 6
Decr.
3
10:
2/
2
Novr.
days
2/
@
labour
cutting
36/
frame
window
5:_
6:
20/. &
lime
of
1:
2/ 6
@
labour
Days
25/
Out- Door
to
up
working
1:
6
4:
6
1789
Jany.
2
7/ 6.
of
5/.
lime
Setting
up
a grate
laying an Hearth and turning a Trimmer
7/ 6
March
26
To
54
1:
bushels
12
Decr.
of
4
To
Setting
12
To
do
up
a
@
lime
labr.
days
@
12 days work @ 5/
9d.
6:
2/
grate
7/ 6
7:
6
do
7/ 6
7:
6
113: 12:
9
f
Per
Contra
for
the
Cr.
1790
Jan.
411
IHumphrey
10
Harwood
By
his
Ledger
Bond
B,
ff.
99
and
amount
126,
113: 12:
of
CW
Research
Center]
9
sic]
�57-
Bounds
10.
as
of the deed
from the
College
of William
and Mary to McCroskey
read
follows:
Beginning at the south east Corner of the Palace Brick Quarter and
running thence North four degrees fifty minutes West five chains forty three
thence North seventy nine degrees Forty minutes East twelve chains along
links;
the
lines
back
of
of
Lots
the
Joseph
Blair
John
and
Hornsby,
Joseph
Prentis;
thence North Forty six degrees Thirty Minutes East six chains Fifty links along
a
of
line
five
the
Minutes
fifteen
five
running
chains
six
East
five
chains
East
nine
Chains
Fifty
chains
the
like;
Thence
chains
along
the
along
one
twenty
East fourteen
North
sixty
thence
like;
degrees
along Farquharson'
five
North
Thirty
Degrees
Forty
Degrees
s line to the Road
thence North nineteen Degrees
Links,
the
along
along
chains
seven
to the Capitol Landing and along the said Road the same
seventy
chains
thence North Fifty
Southall;
James
from Williamsburg
fourteen
five
of
minutes,
East
Chains
East
minutes
twenty
course
Land
the
same;
same;
links
along
the
eighty
links
along
Fifty Minutes
thence North four degrees Thirty Minutes
thence North twenty three Degrees
North
thence
same;
the
to
same
two
Land
the
of
Nicholson;
Henry
twelve
Minutes,
Forty
Degrees
East
East
thence
North seventy nine degrees west Eleven chains Fifty links along the said
line;
Nicholsons
Fifty
Thirty
Links
thence North Fifty one Degrees forty Minutes west Three chains
thence
Degrees
two
North
ten
one
Degree
West
five
West
four
chains
minutes
Chains
fifty
Thirty
links;
thence
thence
Links;
North
South
seventy six degrees twenty minutes West three chains eight links along a line of
Benjamin
following
three
degree
South
Powells
land;
thirteen
links;
East
Thirty
courses
south
four
nine
thence along the lines of the said Powells land the
Thirty
chains;
degrees
to
South
wit:
Degrees
East
two
six degrees
Chains
west
sixty
three
eight
Chains
links;
twenty
South
one
South thirty minutes West two chains fifteen links;
West
four
chains
thirty
three
links;
South
Fifty
eight
�58-
degrees
two
West
minutes
Forty
three
west
South thirty six degrees
chains;
thirty minutes,
South sixty seven degrees west four chains eighty six links
chains;
South Fifty nine degrees thirty five Minutes West nine chains eighty eight Links;
South
six
eight
seventy
chains
twenty
chain
three
South Forty eight Degrees Thirty minutes West one
Links;
links;
south seventy three degrees West
chains;
six
South Fifty
two Degrees
William Holts land to a stream which divides
thence
different
the
up
to the mouth
to
belonging
twenty minutes
west
three
chains
thence South twenty nine degrees East two chains along a line of
links;
nineteen
four
ninety
West
Degrees
windings
of another
the
of
the
stream which
aforesaid
Holts
that
the said Holts and the Palace Lands;
different
windings
is the northern
intersects
the
[
sic]
boundry
Palace
of
the
said
of a parcel
tract;
stream
of Land
thence
up
the
said stream to the most eastern point of the said parcel of Land belonging to
thence North Fifty one Degrees west along the Southern boundary of
Holt;
William
the said parcel of Land to the stream which divides the Palace tract and the
of
body
main
the
said
thence up the said stream to the Land of
land;
Holts
Joseph Crawley thence along the lines of the said Joseph Crawleys land south
Fifty
six
to
East
Degrees
chains
eighty
boundry
the
minutes
East
of
four
eight
five
the
chains
chains
of
South twenty seven degrees West
links;
South Twelve degrees west seven chains fifty links
links;
City
fifty
Williamsburg,
ninety
five
thence North eighty five Degrees ten
to
links
the
East
side
street;
of
thence south seven Degrees East five chains sixty links along said street to
street and thence north eighty five degrees ten minutes East twenty
chains
thirty
five
links
deed
recorded
17
January
along
1791,
the
north
York
side
County
street
of
Deeds
6:
456- 457]
to
the beginning."
�0.
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�60-
12.
The Governors Palace
AN INVENTORY
OF THE PERSONAL
ESTATE
OF HIS
EXCELLENCY LORD BOTETOURT BEGAN TO BE TAKEN
THE 24TH OF OCTOR 1770.
Cash
found
in
the
57: 2: 1/
house
1
2,
mahogY' wine cooler
1 mahogl library table containg papers public
In the
2 Leather
private
parlour
Smoking
Tables,
2 Card
1
front
1 mahogY. Desk, containg sundry papers private
Chairs
public, one embroidd pocket book a
miniature drawing, 1 Diamd mourns ring
Mahogony
Writs Table
Walnut
a pair of Gold sieve
a steel pencil.
Mahogony frame covered with checks
small looking Glass
Fry Jefferson' Map of Virg•
Bowen' s& Mitchell' s Map of N. America.
11 Couch
2
1
s
1
pr
Tongs,
Shovel
Poker
Fender
and
figures. 2 Venitian
Chelsea China
13
hearth
1
blinds
1
11
1
old finear' d Beaureau
1
MahogY
1
large black
•
'"
Card Table
1
small
Green
1
Venetian
I
Glass
Ink stand
wax
stand.
taper &
wax
Ink stand
1
wax
portraits
Shovel, pair Tongs
broom.
Mahog
poker &
Fender &
hearth
fire Screen
Chelsea
china
figures
1
Oval looks Glass
3
Venitian
1
East india fire lock.
1 small
d do
Japan'
pruning
Henry' s Map of Virg'
In the Closet
1
white
1 black
Broom
11
buttons,
knife &
blinds
readg desk
1
large
oyl
Cloth at
Mr .
Kids
Taper & stand
blind
Lanthern
In the Bowfat
16 Medn Passes.
2
large
enamd
China
bowls
2 lessr blue & white do
2 pr English china Candlesticks
56 pieces ornamental china
In the Hall & Passage below
2 MahY red damask
Elbow
chairs
covered
with
12
checks
8 Chairs
of the
large cut water Glasses
12 small
same
do
4 large cut glass tumblers
ICY large globe lamps
3
small
do
28 cut wineglasses
Dining
Room
2 leather smokg
12
mall,'
chairs
chairs
hair bottoms
x
1 large mahY ding table
1
smaller
do "
-
_•
mahogY
plate
warmer&
1
full round Box &
3 pieces of English Sweet
Meats— part of a Box of Barbadocs Sweet
Meats part of a Box rock Sugar— part
Box candid Lemon Peel, part of a Box of
1 walnut writg table
1
'
4 strong beer glasses
1 Hock glass
12 bottle
English
stands
5]
Sweet
Meats-
4 dozen Oranges
•
�61—
The Governor' s Palace
1 hand do mill
Ball Room
3 large mahogy dining
1 large round walnut do
12 mahogy
1
3 chocolate pots with four mills
1
stove
6 branches
with
lustres
3 glass
2 Coppr coffee pots
bottoms-
hair
chairs
dutch
large
each &
of
paintings
the
gauze ,
Queen
King &
lime
squeeser &
stand
3 Sugar hatchets
1 large butter scoop
3 toasting forks -
covers
2 large
do fix' d
I do
tables
gauze
2 Sieves
covers
2
blinds'
2 Venetian
1
Supper Room
1
large dutch Stove
1
Jack .-
copper.
6 old
warmg
japan
1
Brass do
I
stone
pan
candlesticks
cage
wire
4
wooden
2
japan
baskets
wicker
A Parcel of old Glass Tho'
pot with top & stand
jug with top & stand
1
do
cream
1
do
tea
1
do bread &
buttr plate
4 Staffordshe
coffee pots
7 do sugr
s
29 do tea
•-
Perquisite)
30
'
1
1 Hanger, Cheese
Trivet,
1 Oak linen
1
7
boards brass hoops
tea
Scollop'
d
basons
cups &
do coffee
toaster.
tea
1
small
68 do
bird
coppr
japd
5
Maps -
do
t
1
do funnel
1
wooden
2
wicker
1
Iron
lemmon
strainer
plate baskets
L"
cage
boiler, 2 large tea kettles
1
2
shallow
I tin canister painted old
Waiters
wire
plates
do
24 do soup plates
•
umbrella
japanned
do bowls
7 do small breakft
table
Shovel
Fender poker tongs&
1 hearth brush & pair bellows
1 old oak chest of Drawers
19
-
hand Basons
16 do large do
1
1 old
64 saucers
cups
I do pickle stand
press
claw
-
3 do qt slop basons
Room
middle
,
2 do buttr basons
8 do wash
Little
cups
do sugr bacon
2 do lip' d cream pots
plate baskets '
2 Fowling pieces
1 large & 1 small hair Sieve
4 round large glasses for candles
2 oval mahogy
saucers
cups&
3 do cream pails & ladles .
10 do fruit baskets& 14 dishes
do
bread
4 Tin &
breakft
white
4 do tea pots
2 do qt mugs
3 do pt mugs
Cistern with brass cock "
1 small
white Tea pot
1 do slop bason
block with Screw Stands
Wig
1
canisters
•
do small
6 do Coffee
1 old pine table
2 Coppr coal scuttles
1
chests &
large blue &
6 bleu &
Powder Room
Boot
d tea
2 red china tea pots
12
1
Japan'
4 japd sug' tongs
cork
screw
5 tin canisters plain
Plate baskets
1
wooden
bowl
5 bottles arrack & 6 barbadoes
Spirit
Closet to the little Room ,
Pantry
1 Ticken couch,
3 dutch lead boilers with heaters
1
do
4 do
do
coffee
tea
pots &
kettle lamps
,. •_
white
6)
Mattrass boulster 3 blankets
quilt& red check covering
1
1
�1
6 2_
411
The Governor' s Palace
1
Library
1
Plate, in the Pantry.
with a Stool
table
stand
bottle&
hand bason,
1 Wash
27
MahogY Beaureau. 1 small blk walnut Table
Dishes.
60 Plates
1 Turin & Ladle
1 Chest of tools
1 small washing tub. 1 Fender, poker tongs and
shovel. 1 toasts fork, 1 hearth brush.
8 Buttr boats
I Bread basket
1 Large tea board
4 Meat & 2 Glass trays of MahogY
4
Salvers
1
Large
1 small
1
horse for linnen
drying
wire bird
with balance weight
cage
1
small coppr tea kettle
2
Maps.
1
1 iron chest in closet
prints.
2 braces of pocket pistols
brush
6 Large
next
14
cloath'
s
Pantry
6 small Salts & Spoons
4 carving Spoons
Vials of Capilare
4►/
z
3 Soup Spoons
1
closet
case
a
a
contains
variety
of Medicines,
of Instruments in Surgery
1 Water
1
Lanthern.
3 Pr Snuffers with 1 Stand &
Vinegar"
part of
jug.
jug -
1
Soop Ladles
Silver
fish
Slice
I do
Lemon
1 do
writing stand Bell &
2 do
Branches with 4 Nozzles
24 of Madeira. -
2 do
do
with
2 do
Thread pins & c in library table draw
in 3 damask silk bags.
7 Setts of card counters
6 doz. Mould tallow candles. 5 doz dipp' d do
2 do
do -.
with
1 do
part of a jug of
of sweet Oil.
Burgundy.
7 do&
1
do&
3 spermaciti
10 large
5 do of small
5 do &
7
do 7 large
lamps
night
wax
2 Nozzles &
6 Gold
do
18
8
1
1 walnut knife box
knives &
handle
30
knives &
handle
35
forks
forks little
pretty
much
12
Staffordshire
3
large
1
small dutch
2
japann'
japann'
japann'
cups
Silver
bottle
Labells
Skewers
Wine
strainer
Tea spoons
Card
counters
d
Jacks
1
1
half pint mug.
waiters
d
Cisterns
wine
tubs.
containing 1 doz Knives &
with China Handles. ,
Case
1
doz
Forks
one doz Spoons
1 do conts 1 doz Silver handled desert Knives
1 Lignumvitx stand with 4 Casters
2 small Cedar
doz.
1 small Shagrine Case contS 1 doz Desert Gilt
Silver handled Knives; 1 doz Silver Forks
r
oven.
d hand
1
large table Spoons.
Bason
Mugs&
55 forks with 3 prongs
2 black Shagreen Cases containg each
1 doz. forks &
1 poz large Knives &
35 forks
5 Green handle carving knives& forks&
do white china handle..
1 -
13
pans
54 large Knives&
34 buck handle knives&
2 Casters -.
2 pr Sugr tongs
2 Cream pots
worn.
3
Strainer
3 do punch Ladles
wax
tapers
3 doz. strong black
us' d
black
a
do
wax
4 MahogY&
31
Lamp,
2 of Virga Cyder.
40 bottles of Rum,&
4 do
and
1 Past.
8 French plate Candlesticks
3 do
funnel.
tin
2 Cruets
Casters
2 Taper candlesticks
jug.
small
1
with 3 Casters&
16 Candlesticks. 1 flat Candlestick
pot,
Stone.
Stand
3 Large
2 pair of Apothecaries scales.
2 Wire & 2 wooden cages
Bason & case of 6 Rasors
1 Shave
1
1
.'
I small do
pots of pickles
Vials of colour' d sugars
Broken
Physic
-
1 Chamber pot ,
2 Half pint cans
1 large Lamp
Closet
continued
Salts & Shovels
1 Wash bason
fire&
the
waiter
6 small hand do
Forks &
Omitd
7] -
1 doz Spoons.
�63-
The Governor' s Palace
1 do contg
Arms
1/
with
Spoons
table
Lady
Hereford'
6 large globe glass Lamps
s
1 Spider table
,
doz large table Spoons engraved
s
Passage up Stairs
desert Knives—
Silver handled
eleven
large
1 Doz
,
with
a
- • -•
12 Mahogl hair bottom chairs
-
-
Unicorn
1 Sheffield
Kitchen
tea
ware
steel Snuffers&
2 pr ornamental
1 do steel spring Snuffers
3 do common
1 Shovel, tongs, poker fender, hearth broom
Map
of N. & S. America.
-
20 Prints
dish.
oval
1 large mettal
Library
stands
1 blue venetian blind.
1
Glass in
5 cut
glass
Closet off the Passage up stairs
12 doz packs playing Cards.. :
30 packs of Message Cards '
11 Buckling Combs 5 tooth. brushes.
6 flower' d small ones.
3 large cut beer glasses
1 large
d°
tumbler&
glass& 13 Hock glasses
10 small ones.
a parcel of tooth picks 6 Tobacco , pipes. . :'
19 Doz&
3 Canns
6 double
flint cut
Salts
3 doz. long wax candles.
5 do& 2 middling wax tapers.
6 do large wax lusters
14 do smaller size do
4 glass cruets 2 small flowered do
40 cut wash hand glasses& 47 Saucers
ground
3 pr nut
A parcel of broken wax candles
stoppers
1 iron cork
crackers
5 Short wax tapers contain' d in9
papers..
35 plain wine Glasses
30 flowered do
8
them
japann' d stand.
do
4 pint
4 long beer glasses
wine
cover
1 Japann'd ink stand, 1 green wax taper with
16 plain qut do •
12 quart water do •
28 do plain
6 flowered
carpet
which
decanters -
wine
Wilton
Books as Pr Catalogue with the 2 Curtains
Pantry
11 bunches of green wax tapers
screw.
14
do white
do
24 lb of chocolate.
A Canister of about 4y2 lb of Hyson Tea
Memorandum
Mr Treasurer
His
recd in
Lordship'
1 Diad
s
2 large & 1 small
charge
watch
Seal &
Key
Hat button
2 Gold &
1 steel
Chamber over the Dining Room
seals.
Oak bedstd
1
ring for Lady Winne
2 pr of gold buttons.
a
Lady' s picture in Minature
1 Diamd
a
kets&
1
pr of Stone Shoe&
a
Silver stock buckle ( Marshman
Knee
case
contg
a
curtains &
valens
bed, • =
pr of
Mahogy
has it)
stone
white quilt 1 bed carpet
night
table.
-
8 Green bamboo chairs with check' d Cushions
1 Mahogr cloaths press.
Knee buckles
a
leather
with Chints
bolster a pr of pillows 2 Matrasses 2 blan-
Diamd stock buckle
1 red
canister
Shoe &
A green hammer cloth laced with gold -
--
A pr of Pistols with furniture housing gold
buckles.
laced.
do of paste Shoe bucklesI do of 8 chaced Spoons& sugr tongs.
1 Shagreen
5 small Swords.&
some of his Lordshp' s wearing
1
apparel.
r
Shoe &
1 pr cut Steel Shoe Buckles; 2 pr plain
knee Buckles- 2 morocco Pocket Books
3 Cases Surveyor'
l small
I'- ' .
Ivory
s
Instruments,
.
1 Mahogr Desk, empty.
1 painted chimney board.
1 Iron Grate, Shovel, tongs poker, fender&
2 Snuff Boxes -
Sundries packt in
a
pick Case
small Mahogony:
hearth
Box, 1 tooth
broom.
2 pr green stuf
Case—
window
Curtains&
rods
y
8]
j
�64-
The Governor' s Palace
Japann' d Ink stand, white
old Mahog'
dressg table-
1
I
1 large Walnut
stand.
taper&
Lodp'
chest of draws
3 Scal[ s] kin
of
cases
containg
Stocks'&
Linncn, Glovcs,
s
surveyor'
c
Instruments &
s
c.
I Shagrccn case containg 8 chas' d Silver tea In the Closet
small looks
small
large deal
I
frame
Mahog.
table
Mahog.
Wash bason&
buckles 1 red leather case a pr of stone shoe
knee buckles. 2 Morrocco Asses Skin Poc-
with leaves.
Mahog. Stand com pleat
toilet
ket books
Chamber
over
the
b
Oakcdstd
with
a
tains &
4 Green
cloth
Bamboo
I Cloaths
knee buckles
Mahog.
1
small
1
Chimney
table
board,
1
Wash Bason with
Japann'
damask
1
small
do-
1
large easy
arm
tongs
poker
compleat.
5
Mourns
1
silver
3
steel
1
handsome
1
small chest of draws
St stand.
taper
carv'
4
d frame &
Y.-
the
of
Seal
buckle
breeches
buckles ',
toothpick
case.
some stockings &
with red check
caps.
two stools of walnut.
tongs &
poker,
hearth
broom..:
ink stand & taper with
1
Japan
1
Mohgr
dress!
stand.
table.
the;
covers
-
chair
do end do
1
Bason
Maho
board.
1 pr
Stock buckles
stock
8 yellow bottom chairs &
Grate, fender, Shovel,
curtains
chairs
knee buckles
shoe&
cut steel Shoe Buckles. pr of old do
Table.
2 small
Wash
gilt
of mourns
In the Store
Rooms."
Iss-
10 Loaves treble refined Sugar- -
arm
Mahog.
1 Chimr
stand
1 small ivory box &
8 Crimson
I do
Shovel,
book case with glass doors empty.' -.
..
apparel, 2 Snuff ••: .
cloaths presses with
boxes
Setspr
3:: s
2 prof gild' d buckles. -.•
3 gilded stock buckles.
2 Sets of New steel Shoe Sr Knee buckles.
brackets
Gilded
Mahog`
6
.
of gold- buttons
S pr of sleeve buttons, mourns
1 white
Glass
Chimney
1 Desk &
cushions
Room
3 Suits of Window
12
1
-
Mahog.
d ink stand.
Middle
Large
buttons.
carpet
: Grate,
3 gold hat buttons
5 parcels of silver livery hat lace. with loops &
hearth broom
1
I
Cur- '
callico
pT of pillos &
with check
chairs
r
-
3 Gold loops&
white
counterpane, &
of draws
chest
walnut
fender &
Parlour,.
of
I diad Hatt buckle_
2 gold Seals 1 Steel do:'
Mahog`
press
1
front
Suit
bed, bolster,
valens,
Virg*
white
of Memorandums
1 Deal box 1 diamd stock buckle 1 pT of stone
table.
shoe &
1
1 pr of tongs. 1 do a pair of paste
spoons &
Glass
stand
Grate
compleat
fender
shovel
22
do double-
27
do single—
3/4 of a Chest of Congo Tea. 21% s lb Turkey
-•
Coffeewt
ton
6 lb
poker and hearth brush.
Cannister22
India
do
of do
4 Jars of Raisins.
a broken Case of different Sorts of Spices
His
a
Lordship' s
Gold Wa, ch, and
r1_ Mahog_
1;
Bcdstd
2 blankets
Store
a Box of Corks-
Bed Chamber '
Walking
Cane
-
•
I
_
2 Matrasses,
1
1 Bolster 2 pillows - :' :, 1
quilt & Bedstead in' 3d •
white
Room
Chintz &
green
cotter*
furniture'&
1
1
Mahog.
night
chamber
1
Wash
with . close
stool
pan &
should
to the late Gov' Fauquier.
1 small empty deal
Trunk.
6 empty deal Boxes.
Mahog.
stand
compleat
Glass:
with
a
26 pr plain Negroes Shoes..
32
be " satin".
a leather plate
old Leather Trunk with Papers said to belong
1 old traveling Leather Trunk
,
9] - Cotten"
Case.'.
traveling
Box—. .
pot
bason &
dressing
table
a Box of Tar..
3- plate Boxes &
=;_ • : ;-
Chest;
1 _ old
bed.
carpet
1
large
hair Sifters
of different
Sorts
-
-
�65—
The Governor' s Palace
11
gauze dam5 tin Funnels.
21% 4
1 Muffin
1 Wine Crane2 large &
3
1
1 doz table Pewter
Sconps-
6 small&
9
rolling Pin
wooden
Pans-
5
81/
4 green
tired
Pack
with Irons&
Cans-
2
tin
tin
Bale
Ladles-
thread-
2
tin
2 plate
11
Covers
1
3
4 tin
Barley- 2 do white macka2 do yellow do-- 1 broken
paper Bag
of Morells1 do Truffles— Gensing
flour
1
of
do
1
Snake
mustard-
Root-
2
6 lb do in Shells—
2 Boxes
20 Cakes
2%2 lb Bees
lb
27
3 Hearth
3
in
Soap
26
d°-
6 doz
dust
dust
32 hks &
Cannisters .
Pans-
Machin-
1
16 papers
lb
powder' d
body
of Sarsaparilla
_
10
Brushes-
hair
Powder—
rubing brush
brushes-
Irish
coarse
17 yds do 12
yds do10 Yds holland
1
do &
Bottle
Clamps-
2 doz thread
waist
coat
2 small brown Linen bags— a dble
Girth-
1 horn handled carving Knife
5 pr spring steel Snuffers-
16
3
Paper— a Parcel of Shells—
8 flat
3 poc-
Strap
a Ream of common
brown
2 Bow &
12 Arrows— a Pott of bitter almond
Powder- 4 old Cartouch Boxes
2 Bayonets-
1
brass
Fender-
1 very small ma-
hogony Box-
clamp
24 Store Room—
33 large Beer Glasses.
1
Cotton
yds printed
Gown
remnants
of white Flannel.
1 ps crimson Shalloon1 ps br. Fustian
18/
yds do_ 832 yds crimson
Shag.
-
qut & 1 pt wine Decanter—
45 wine Glasses- 28 Hock do-- 29 wash hand
glasses
wth 21 Saucers- 2 large glass Shades
4
glass Covers-
28
Japan'
d
tea
boards & :
waiters- 2 Japan' d Cheese Trays- 2 flat
green Candlesticks
TA do
5%
8 Cruetts—
6 qt Water Decanters- 2 pint do—_
13%z yds Huccoback
76 yds &
s
of thread &
Mops.-
Linen—
Holland-
1 Woman'
5 small
12 Bunches Thread-
Laces—
Brushes-
whisks—
Snuffers &
Extinguishers .
9 Japan' d Candle Extinguishers- 6 pr
common Snuffers-
4 ps checkt Handkerchiefs—
7 Checks Handkerchiefs—
81/
4 yds brown
of Silk-
1 Hone &
1 Raisor
18 empty Knife & Raisor Sheaths7 quire Cartridge &
2 do
Sheeting- 2 Yds worstead gauze—
1 ps fine Damask
ps MoreesNapkining
21 damask
breakfast
Cloths2 ps Ozna-
yds Oznabrigs-
Ball
Oyster Knives-
brigs
37
of
6 shoe Brushes-
dry
Yds
3
a piece of Pins—
a chagrine Case of Raisors& c
11
1 ps Holland- 3 ps Sheeting-
11/
worstead &
ket Knives
Lemon Strainers13 plate Brushes
7 hearth Stones3 quart Bottles Wine—
2 pints
strong waters not full, 1 small Cruet
3 phials
cloaths
a
Buttons-
wooden
2
of
1 paper&
2 pr Scissars wth Chagrine Cases- 2 dble Pen
Knives- 2 Steel Pencils- 6 wooden Pencils
brooms.
2 coal
Parcels
37 hks Mohair of different Sorts
1 doz thread
Brooms—
brushes— two
d°-- 4
2 forks-
common
Cain
Yarn
7 Bunches of Cruets
Box—
lb
Hats- 23 pr coarse thread Hose
23 pr worstead do
difft Sorts-
Soap
another
wax-
28
Paper
best do-- 5 Carpet
iron
hair
large
a
Bristol
3
Powder
paper green Grass—
broken
paper of ston blueblue- 6 lb sweet Almonds
1
19 pieces of white Tape-
broken paper pearl
do
Drab-
3 ps blue
2 ps green ferriting- 6 cut pieces of Ribband of
roons-
1
do-2 ps &
183 yds Russia
d contg 3 ps
green &
unopen'
Metal Buttons-
Cullendars—
tin
1
do
plains—
Men' s Castor
25 pr
pepper Boxes-
Candle Stith—
50 lb of Starch-
a remnant of Livery
17 yds light colld do
yds do for great Coats251/
4 yds
do 7 yds deep green Cloth
8 yds light cold do-- 201/
4 yds blue plains
Baskets—
20 large Lamps
3 black Japan
16/
Spoons
Iron
32 balls
Cloth &
crimson
yds
Lace-
Spoons
wooden
strainers-
sauce
Fork
7 paint Brushes
10 large
4 tin fish
1 toasts
Strainers
Egg
4 small Graters-
Soup &
3 butter
3
Toaster-
3 green taper Candlesticks— one brokeCotton
14
6
copper
wooden
paste moulds1 plate Basket
Moulds1 Dutch Metal Tea
2 Tea kettles I copper Boiler
3 Dutch metal Coffee Pots11
10J --
tin
Night
Candlesticks&
l tinder Box
Kitchen
J
�66—
The Governor' s Palace
1
1st Chest contg
12 pewter Water Plates
China
white
pewter plates- 12 blue &
6 do Coffee Cups
12 Saucers
Tea Cups &
tin
Still-
Room.
do milk pot— 2 Slop Basons & 1 Sugar
10 white do coffee Cups& 10 Saucers
1
3d 2 Ver}itian Suits of Gauze. Curtains-- 4 Chex
Dish2
Dish-
2
1
Ladles-
Pales &
cream
Sugar
white
Covers for the Smoaking Chairs— a Rem-
Bason &
Slop
Tea
stone
1 do blue worstead Line—
of Silk&
nant
pots—
4th 4- Remnants of Carpiting-
Ware
Staffordshire
Prints-
Parcel of Maps&
a
2d 2 green Damask Curtains Oznabrigs intended to paste the Paper on in the Supper
3 doz
7 Coffee Pots- 3 Tea pots- 3 Sugar Basons
36
plates-
1
15
3
133
Plates-
wash
smaller
17
1 Bowl-
Bason &
close
Pots-
2 Mahogany field Bedsteads wth red Che[x]
Bottles
water
Curtains-
6 Lamps—
6 round d°-
lip Jugsstone
do 2 flower
Chamber
breakfast
15
do-
shallow
Garrett Room over his Lordship' s bed
24 Saucers
12 Tea Cups&
9 butter Basons39 soup
stool Pans—
Quilts-
1 Oak Chest of Draws
1
old red
Table;
Bottle-
1
Wash
Bason—[ illeg]
small MahogY
sta— [
Stand &
illeg]
1 Fender— Donn' s map of Bri[ stol]
100 feet Bird Cage do
Lattice-
fly
2 Mattrasses
3 Blankets
2
34 Store Room
100 feet
2 feather Beds-
3 Bolsters 1 Pillow-
1 Chimney Board belonging to the dining Room
1
Portmantua-
Canvass
gr[ torn] Coat
1
in a Closet
bag- 2 Curtain Rods- 4 Window BlindsPortmantuas-
4 Leather
2
Leather
Frames—
of
the
supper
1
Box
Bristol-
1
3
Gilt
Dorm'
s
Supper Room Carpet— Dining Room do
in-
Front
Map
-
Chinese Temple set with Shell[ tom] part of
a bag of black Lead— an old Box with a
belonging
3
doz
brass branches
Prussian
Blue—
brass Branches
1
a
parcel
unopen'
doz
d
small
a
Paper
of
Pullies-
6
Middle
Room
19 old Prints-
old oak Desk1
Bedstead;
1 red &
on
second
Mattrass,
white
white Linen
flower' d
1 old red Table
bolster
2
Quilt-
1 suit blue
Curtains-
Blankets
2 old wire Bird
Cages—
for Globe Lamps
Bunch brass large
of small—
VA
1
in the Ball Room—
Lustre
do
Room over the Study
small.
in it- 3 Kegs with
whiting
c
Quantities of Colours- 2 spare Branches &
little
to the
Parlour
floor do--- 4 Remnants of old Matting—
large Sand bag for supper Room—
1
Coral-
Bermuda
for Stools in the Ball
Room-
Curtain
bordering
Room.
8 long green Cushions
Bags
pr Saddle
wooden"
of
Box
long
a
for
tended
Straps-
Rings & 2 Bunches
curtain
paper white Studds
of Nails with brass Heads &
Garrett
a
small
[
No entries
Room
over Front Parlour
here.]
Tacks—a parcel of white Tacks—an empty
deal Box-
3
Mahogony
Waiters
Cellars
in
4th Store Room—
60
flint
for preserving
glass Bottles
Remnants of Rush Matting
Insects-
2
Passage
Chests &
2
Trunks-
4
wooden
Bird
Closet
dining
per Room-
Hogshead
Room-
1 blue baise
do for
6 do small
of Cranberries
Cranberr
Molasses
Beer
2 powdering Tubbs
1 empty Carboy; 7 Iron Hoops2 Bushel Cask of Split Pease
3 blue Moreen Window Curtains belonging to
the
Barrel
1
strong &
small beer Cellar
Cages—
a
1
6 Casks
en' d
2 empty Hhds-
In the Passage up Stairs
4 large
in
the
Beers—
the Passage
Sup-
4 pr Blankets—,
No entries
11]
here.]
1 empty cask—
�67—
The Governor' s Palace
Cydar Cellar
Rum Cellar
Hhd Rum & abt 1/ 3. 2 brass Cocks. 2
1
1
pans-
peach
stooper—
11- doz
Hatwell
frost-
3
gallipots
potts Virga
paper of twisted',
5 broken Potts of
entire &
1 Hhd of Rum; abt half a Hhd of Spirits
24
doz&
1 whole& 1 broken pot of Tamarin
2 full Jars of Currants
pots of Walnuts.
3 full Boxes of Sperma Cacti Candles—
6 Pipes of Madeira Wine—
entire
3 do Olives
Bottles of CapersWater
2 dble Gloster Cheeses- 37 single do a small
" '.
1
Candles
tallow
small Part of a Hogshead of Molasses
a Casc h,th about forty Pound of Hops
•
Ginn
I do english
Whole Box mould
Cheese Store
Madeira &
goes.
_
8 Bottles of strong Beer
sweet meats— part of a pot of pickled man-
2 do anniseed
pr of do
Bottle
Box of Corks&
Stopper
.
1 jar dipt do a Parcel of old Boxes
The Out- Houses
1
Cooks Cellar gooseberries;
Vinegar- 1/ 3 of
Bottles
3
Bottles
a
Cask
distill
dble
Currants-
2/ 3
Harness for a pair of Horses.
State Coach, &
1 Post Chaise, with Harness compleat for four
•
a Leather
Horses &
of
Trunk
in
the
Store
Room
Cask brown Sugar— half Cask Rice
3 parts
1 Post Coach with Harness compleat for Six
of three Pots Lard—
draw
two
Horses &
Boxes ( in
the
Store
Room)
Binn
No
1.
Cellar
1 Green park Chair
1 Setter and Grease Box
contains
17 doz & 4 bottles old Hock— Ben. Hinton
Mr Fauquier
doz do
2.
81/
4
71/
4
1
1
Roller,
1
plough, &
I Boar at the Attorneys
2 Barrow pigs,&
8. 27 doz&
5 Bottles Claret—
9! 11 doz&
2 Bottles Burgandy
19 Weathers
181/
4
11.
12 doz&
-
1 Stack of Hay
doz red Port—
10.
pair
1 Large Wheel
2 Bottles Madeira.
Barrow
23 Bushels of Indian Corn
471/
4 Bushels of Oats
In the Vault
23 Bushels of English Wheat
-_
6 doz & 8 Bottles of Claret2 doz 1 Bottle
white
Negroes
Wine—
Hannah
16 Bottles Arrack—
4 doz malmsay Madeira— Mr Fauquier
2 Bottles Honey
doz
Brandy-
11
Sally &
6 Bottles old Claret-
3 Bottles Champaine
6 Bottles fine Arrack
Bottles
french
Brandy-
3 doz &
4 Bottles
her Child Billy
Doll
peach
14 Bottles old Spirits11
Iron
Traces
of Harrows, &
2
37 Head of Sheep
4
Collars &
5
Bottles of Porter
9 doz&
1
1
Grey Coach Horses,& 1 Mare
Grey Saddle Horses, & 1 Mare, & 1 Bay Filly
4 Cows, 1 Bull, 5 Stears, and 3 Calves
small Beer
5. 371/
4 doz. strong beer very fine
6. 14 Bottles old Madeira.
7.
a Cart, with Harness for Six
with Leather
Bush Frame, and 1 plough paddle
7 Madeira—
4. 9 doz & 3 Bottles English
New Waggon &
Horses
doz: — Madeira—
3. 37 doz &
i
half Virga Cyder
Strong beer Cellar
3 doz 9 Bottles damaged Ale—
2
Meats-
box &
a
doz
4
water.
sweet
Meats.—
glass &
1
Cyder
1
moist
sweet
11
in an
english
5 Bottles
Cellar
english
4
Brandy— I Brass Cocke
3 doz &
old Cask2 qr.&
Stone
abt
Barrel
1
earthen
Dan
Matt
Piper
Cesar
old
Phillis
Spirits
12]
�68-
The Governor' s Palace
141/ s Sheets of Scowring paper, 2 Coach
Poultry
Horse Whips, 1 Phaeton Do ( 2 Corn Sieves
20 Turkeys
in ye Stable)
18 Geese
1
9 Ducks
Mattrasses,
2
Bedstead,
Mahogany
Bolster, 3 Blankets
Field
1.
1 Red and White Flowered Quilt with Red
Check Curtains, 1 Old Oak Table, 1 Walnut
Implements
Garden
Writing Desk, 4 Old Green Bottom Chairs,
1 Swing Looking Glass, 2 Iron Dogs, with Brass
Nobs, 1 poker, 1 pr Tongs, 1 Hair Broom,
2 Weeding Knifes, 2 Asparagus Knifes
4 Wheel Barrows, 4 pr Garden Shears, 1 Saw
4 Watering pots, 1 Small Hatchet, 3 Baskets
Howes
5 Spades, 5 Rakes, 4 Large Drawing
1 Boot Jack—
3 Small Howes, 3 Dutch Howes, 1 Tarping
Spade, 1 Edging Knife, 1 Dung Fork
1
Groom'
Small Gravel Rake, 1 Dock Iron
1
Sieve,
Bell
Small
4
1
Broad
Howe,
4 Short
6 Mawls,
a
1
parcel
Logger,
1
2
Augures,
a
1
Waggon
Rope,
14
1
3 Blankets,
Silver
pots,
Stitched
Cloaths,
1
new
plain
with
Saddle
Cloath,
1 New
Saddles,
Saddle &
1
Bill,
7
Livery Saddle with Furniture, 2 Old Livery
1
Saddles with Furniture,
Iron" Hoops,
1 Old plain Saddle,
Cut Sawe,
pitching Fork, 3 Scythes,
of Wooden Rakes, 1 Line,
with polished Bits, 1 New Do with Gold
Bosses, and polished Bit, 1 Do almost New
1 Cross
1
Saw,
Hand
1
Mattrasses,
6 New Snaffle Bridles, 2 New pelham Bit Bridles,
8 Spades,
Forks,
2
Axes,
Faggot
1
with
2 Mauls
Wedges,
Iron
Do
Small
3
Sledge,
Grubbing Hoe, 1 Small
Maddocks pick Axes, 2 Felling
Axe,
Bedstead,
Red Check Curtains, 2 Old pine Tables,
1
Broad
Closet Adjoyning
Room &
2 Chamber
1 Close Stool,
Park Implements
4 Madocks,
s
Mahogany
Bolster,
Glass
Cap
Field
1 Old Red and White Flowered Quilt, with
Flower pots
Glass, 21 Dozen of Earthen
1 Wire
1
Bell Glasses,
22 Large
2 Scythes,
1
4
Drawing
Ladder,
Round
with
Casks
a
with
Knife,
25
cased
Bit,
1' Snaffle Do with cased Bit, 1 Furniture Bridle
Do
with Gold Bosses and Blue Badson, 4 New
White Rubbers, 6 Horse Sheets almost New,
4 New Fillet Cloaths, 4 New Saddle pan-
Clover &
Rhye Grass Seeds, 2 Calf Muzzles, 1 Thistle
Tree, 1 Hay Cut-•
paddle, 1 plank of Cherry
6 Wheel Barrows,
ting Knife, 7 paddlocks,
a
parcel of Old Lumber 1 Turkey Coop—
nels,
4 New
Rollers,
2 Do a little Worn, 5 New Horse Nets, 1 New
Red Saddle Cloath with white Binding,
1
White Do with Green Binding, 3 Old FurniCoachman'
s
Room Ce Closet
Adjoyning.
ture
In Deal Case
6 Horse
Sheets,
Brushes,
3 White
6 Fillet Cloaths,
4 Saddle
bers, 6 Rollers,
6 Horse
Rub-
Cloaths, 2 Inside
Brushes, 5 Water Brushes,
Brass Brush, 5 Main Combs&
1 New Running Martingale, 5 New Cruppers,
In Post Coach
3 Old Do 2 pr Old Girts, 15 pr New Single
Girts, 6 pr New Double Do 3 New Sur-
Spunges
2 pr of Stirrup Irons, 2 Spunges,
for the post Coach
1 Green
Cover
tingles, 3 Old Saddle pannels,
2 New Mail pillions and Straps, 2 New Horse
Trunk
Collars,
8 Horse Nets, Oyl Cloath Cover to Trunk
zles,
thers,
17
Portmanteau Cases,
Rack
Reins,
3
Old Horse Collars,
6 New
Rack
Reins, 6 New Hempen Halters, 1 pr New
In Large Deal Case
2 Oyl Cloath
Cloaths,
2 Watering Bridles
3 Oyl Brushes, 1 Hard Brush,
1
Saddle
1 New Breast plate to a Saddle, 3 New Heads &
Reins to Furniture Bridles, 7 pr new Stirrup,
Leathers, 1 pr Do used
,
Black
2 Horse
Stirrup Irons and Leathers, 1 New Crupper,
2 New powder Flasks, 1 pr Holsters almost
Muz-
Stirrup
Lea-
new,
4 Black Straps, 3 Hempen Halters,
3 New
thin
Skins,
1 New
Furniture
pad, 12 Brass Saddle Buttons and Staples,
4 Currey Combs, 1 Card & Spunge for ye Horses
Mains, 2 pr of Hobbles, 1 Girt, 6 Horse
12 Coller Reins,
Collers new, 6 Do used,
1 New Currey Comb, 1 pr of polished Stir-
rup Irons, 3 pr Silver Mounted Horse pis13]
1
�69-
Ilk
The Governor' s Palace
1
Horse
4 New
tols,
Whip
Jack (
in
about 1/ 3 of Firkin of Butter, 2 Neat' s
Furniture
Tongues,
1 Cake of Tallow, part of a Carboy of Vinaigre,
1 Iron Sieve, 1 Old
1 Half Bushel,
Boot
Cask
1 New
Joggs,
6
Granary)
of
Ropes
A parcel of broken
Onions.
Staffe ware.
1 large wooden Tray. 5 empty Cags
Laundry
5 Flat Irons, 2 Box Irons, with one Heater to
Smoke House.
each,
1 Large
1 pr of Tongs,
Stands,
2 Iron
Boyling
a
2 Tubs of soft soap
Barrel &
133 pieces of Bacon. 4 large powdering tubs ,
Copper,
1 Long Stool, 2 pine Tables, 1 Linnen Horse, 1
In the Cole house is about 1000 Bushels of Sea
Mangle,
1
Iron
Large
1
pot,
2
Skillet,
Brass
Linnen
Coal by conjecture—
Baskets,
3 Washing Tubs, 2 pails, 1 piggin, 4 Mangle
In the Salt house is 6 whole Sacks of Salt &
Cloaths,
2
1
Cloaths,
Ironing
a
Hair
1
Funnel,
Wooden
of Tubs pots &
9 pieces
piece.
Stuff. an empty fish Barrel. •
Sieve,
Kitchen
_
3 Rensing Tubs ( 1/ 3 part of a Barrel of Lamp
Oyl,
Quantity of
Laundry)
small
a
Tar in
Cellar
ye
Charcoal house about 40 bush to appearance
1 Wooden bushel Mease and some lum-
to the
adjoyning
ber
Dairy
5 Earthen
5 Tin pans,
1
pans,
Cherm,
Small
Scullery
1
2 Washs tubs. 6 water pails
pail
1
1
Kettle, 1 Tin D°
piggin, 1 Small Brass
Large Double Turkey Coop—
3 Iron pots. 1 pr Iron Dogs.
1 pr of Iron spit racks
6 Spits.
Small Room adjoyning
1
Poultry
Small
s
White
Feather
Bed,
Curtains,
l
1
Mattrass,
Red
and
Green
and
1
Old pine Table,
Iron
to the
piece
Jar
Skimer&
1 flesh fork.
2 Gridirons
Kitchen
5 Stone jarrs empty. 1 large Glass Lanthern
1 half bushel hand basket.
pickled
of
Do
of
Candid
Lard,
old '
1 old wooden chair. 1 large Fire Screen.
1 blue Salt box. 1 Marble Mortar.
Tripe,
2 Iron
of Sal-
1 Whole
Kitt
Virginia
Mangoes,
1
meat
cleavers.
21
Pewter
Dishes &
15
plates. 1 pewter fish Strainer.
mon,
1
1
1 poker& Tongs.
1 large boils coppr 1 Box iron & a heater.
Larder
2 Barrells
pot.
2 Iron Trivets.
Tables,
poker- 2 Old pine
Waiters, 2 Black Cans
belonging
picks
Jack& Appurtanences.
1 Dutch Oven. l Salamander. 1 pr Bellows "
Dogs, . 1
Out Houses
old
1
Kitchen
Hall
2 Mahogany
Chair.
wooden
1 large meat
1
2 Old
old
jelly stand. 1 old plate rack. 1 Ax. -
Tongs and Shovel.—
s
1 Iron
2 Wooden Trays. 1 small stone jug
1 old sieve. l Iron Oven peel
1 Old Red Do 2 Old Iron Dogs, Fender,
Servant'
1 Chesnut roaster.
board.
3 Blankets,
pillow,
Flower' d Quilt, with
Cotton
White
Coffee &
1 Stand for candle moulds.
Room
Field Bedstead,
Bolster,
l
frying pan. 1 old tin candle box. 1 chops
House
Old Mattrass, 2 Old Blankets
Gardiner'
1
to
Jar
of
Jar
White
2 round
piece of Hogs
of pickled Anchovies,
Lemmon,
1 piece of
12
1 '
1
stone
coffee
Shays,&
14]
Scollop& 5 Tea Canisters
canisters.
1 parcel of Hartshorn
1 do Ising Glass.
�70-
J-
The Governor' s Palace
large
1
1 small &
sweet meat
16 Earthen
2 pair steak
1
Sieve.
Case
of
50 cut
Lardg
18
pots
jelly & Silibub Glasses
39 plain square jelly do
ice Moulds
16 pewter
Needles.
87
•
do of different
silibub
Jelly &
sorts-
16 Tart pans glass. 8 flat sweet meat pans.
tongs.
3 common sweet meat mid glass.
41 pieces of common desert glasses -
Kitchen
39
fork.
3 Wooden rolls pins 1 knife&
do of best cut— do
do
a small quantity of Izing glass.
1 Coffee mill fix' d- 4 doz. cop' Moulds.
i
3 pewter Ice
different
markers.
1 old 8
paste brushes.
2 small iron stands
26 pewter cande
1 pr of 2 lb coppr
8 old hair Sieves.
scales &
jarr
2 Tin
21
4
1
1
keg.
Gauze
1
17
1
I
Bell
mettle
pestle &
2 chops knives
stone
6 Doz. Napkins to Do ,
3'/ s doz Napkins to do
4 long Diaper table cloths
5 doz. Napkins to do
cover •
4 doz. Napkins to do
2 long Damask table cloths
1 large Damask table cloth
1 Middle cloth to do
do
1 doz. Napkins to do
6 Fine damask table cloths
morter
6 doz. Napkins
2 oval
tin
2 Damask
30 Dinner
bisket
graters 4 tin maples
large tin flat candlestick.
tin
meat
2 large pewter
dishises
water
covers.
3 cope chafing
pans.
1_
Breakfast
12
Servants
5 flat plates.
frame compleat
4
Scollop
3 do
sweet
dresser
1 Bolster&
do&
covers &
dishes
-
do
2:
glasses for
a
change
pillow, Red check Curtains.
1 Round Mahogr Table with leaves. :. ,
do Tea
do
1
do
1
Green easy Chair with green covers&
1 Arm chair leather bottom. - ,
-
6 MahogY Chairs Hair bottoms
67 Orgeat
glasses.
46 plain flint jelly& Silibub
5 buttr dishes St covers.
cloths.
Cook' s Bed Chamber
plates.
meat
Towels
2 Coarse
_
glass flower stands 4 green do
2 round cut glass cream basons
do oval
Rubbers
Round
1 Field bedstd 2 Matrasscs 3 blankets 1 Quilt
21
2
table cloths
`
do with 14 pails
3 looks glass frames.
4 Scollopt plates . -
5 doz odd Napkins
27 Huckaback do
5
pirimid &
cloths&
cloths
35 Damask do
3 doz. finc diaper Towels
dishes
Salvers .
1 cut glass
1 plain •
table
36
64 Brown
Glass
cloths
to do
2' 2 doz fine diaper tea Napkins
Clnss
21
to do
table
2 doz Napkins
1 do soup horse
3 Funnels.
do Skimmer
tin
do
ventilator
4 large
Cloths to do
4 Middle
-
1 Iron baste ladle -
ladles
Soup
1 Tin
0•' ` ' :
4 Damask long table Cloths ; •
f
2 round copr paste pans&
4 Iron bird Spits
3 do
pr lesser fine do
18V2 pr Servants do
4 Damask long Dinner table cloths -
peel . -
do Alamode pot & cover
do presers pot & do -
1
cases
2 Pr very large fine Sheets
moulds
cullenders.
pans &
do drippg pan.
do fish Strainer.
21
Linnen
26 Pillow
Cop' Stew pans& 24 Covers '
doSoup pots & covers
5 do Sauce
1
of.•
paste
dish.
pewter
Sieve.
1 do small fish kettle &
I
5
hand Dinner Bell.
orange
candied
1 small
1 old
weights.
1 small flower
2
forms.
clock.
day
9 doz. & 9 Tin moulds
moulds.
1 Walnut Desk. '.- . ---
glasses
3 p' red check' d window Curtains. .
15]
Cushion
i
�7 1—
The Governor'
2 pokers 1" Fender, Tongs Shovel &
1 dust pan. hangs trivet
s Palace
of New steel
hearth brush
cutt
1 Coppr Tea kettle•
steel
Tooth
Pick
Knee
Buckles,
Buckles,
one
Pair
of
one Handsome _
Case,
15 Prints.
l
2 Tea pots 3 Cups& Saucers
Sugr dish& 2 bottles of Staffordshire
Knee
shoe &
shoe &
2 black
7
japann'
1 Sieve.
Canisters.
ware
In Dining Room
d Calms.
The
1 Basket.
Private
Papers
and
other
Things .,
contain' d in the Library Table and Mahogany
Desk, to be put in the Most convenient of the Two& be sent carefully to England the thirteen
6 Artificial Artificial flowers.
1
Public &
umble
Wax Portraits, The East India Firelock,
1
Servant' s Hall
67 Staffords. round Dishes
64
do
oval
23
do
puddg
10
In Chamber over Dining Room -
do
The Pistols with furniture &
soup plates
do
11
In Middle
Room
shallow
Two Snuff Boxes one Small Ivory Box
6 large& 4 small breakfast plates
6 round & 6 oval fish strainers
4 Turins &
4
five small Swords
do 1 Sallad Dish.'' s
In Store
5 Sauce boats
covers:
Cups.
Egg
\•
Room
t, `
One Piece of Fine Damask Napkining
All the Maps
Geller
All
14 Gross of empty bottles.
the
and all the Books -
Plate
in
General- &
Knives
Forks
and
Spoons—_
All the China
Garret
1
Field
the
over
bcdstd
1
front
Parlour
feather
blanket
bed,
All the Table & House
Matrass
bolster
1
Quilt red checks
1 Mahog night table. 1 Mah- Desk.
l pewter bed pan. l claw fire screen
pillow
l
small black
1
Grate, fender poker tongs&
Wash hand bason & stand
1
walnut
Three
Curt'
Linen'
Pipes of Madeira
to
None of the Staffordshire
be fill' d &
Well Cas' d
Ware to Come.
table
A
Shovel
CATALOGUE
IN
complcat
1 old red japann' d table.
japann' d Ink Stand.
THE
OF
YE
BOOKS
LIBRARY'
no of
1
Volumes
THINGS
In
TO
BE SENT
Lords Bed
My
Walking
Three
Cases
one
skin
Shagreen
Tea Spoons
Paste
one
Cane
of
surveyors
contg
one
Eight
Instruments
Chas' d
pair of Tongs,
one
one
Seal,
Statutes at Large
Anderson
3
Plinius
•
2
Miller' s Gardener' s Dictionary "
on Commerce
Harduini
1
Virginia
l
Laws
two
1
a
one
Diamond
It
Stock
Pair of Stone Shoe & Knee Buckles
Steel
7
Silver
pair of Stone Shoe and
Morrocco Asses Skin Pocket
Case
Memorandums,
Diamond
•
„ _
2
Pair of
buckle
one
Postlethwayt' s Dictionary
-- •
Laws
of Virginia
2 - Ralegs History of the World
Knee Buckles,
of
Clarendon' s History of the Rebellion
2
2 Johnson's Dictionary .
buckles
red Leather
Books
Case
and
ENGLAND
chamber
Gold Watch and
seal
TO
3
Hatt
one
Buckle,
Pair of Gold
r
Gold
Seals,
Buttons,
two
two
one
sctts
.`
16)
Virginia Laws—
1
Pamphlet Military Devotion
1
Byron' s Narrative—
1
Ode
1
Journal
1
Scat of the late War—
1
Map North America
to Shakespear
of H. Burgesses—
1
1
�72—
The Governor' s Palace
Kerkead—
Ignorant
Philosopher—
A
of Pamphlets &
parcel
1
Atlas-
1
paste board
red Letter Case—
3
Books
1
Conquest
1
Jacobs
4
3
Lockes Works
1
4
Drawings
in
of Mexico
5'
of George
second
the
in the
begining
yr of His Reign, ending
Coopers Dictionary
15
2
Stiths His: of Virginia
Essays on Husbandry
1
Cordens
1
Postlethayt'
old Magazines—
Prints &
of
Law Dictionary
Bacon' s Works
Acts
1
1
1
1
30th
the
1
Pounal
Sherlocks Sermons
Oeuvres de Voltaire
2
Leland' s
Popes Works
1
Camp Discipline
4
Smollet' s Continuation
Atterbury' s Sermons
Douglass' s North
2
European Settlements
Military Essay
Bailey' s Dictionary
1
Voyage
1
1
Journal
of the House of Burgesses
3
Minutes
from
1765
JanY
of the
America
1
Meiges
1
Boyers D° Abridged
6
Tom Jones
9
Letter' s de Maintenon
to
1768
May
_
2
Traps Virgil
Lord
Demosthenes-
4
Ansons
the
on the Colonies
9
1
Do
1
Universal
1
Map
of Virginia
6
L' Ami de Hommes
6
Hanmers Shakespeare
l
Discourse of Trade
6
Treatise on Ventilators
Dictionary
marine
Sherlock' s 3rd Volume
31
1
Carter' s Epictetus
6
Popes Illiad
5
Popes
2 Vols Goldsmith'
Odyssey.
History—
4
Smollets His. of England
9
Ciceronis
3
Robert'
3
missing
Blackstones
Opera
His:
s
do lent
Roman
the
Commentaries
2
L' Esprit
des Loix
6
Humes
His:
of
Observations
1
Plays
1
Prussian
1
on
Memoirs de Maintenon
de la Lique
3d
1
only one
Spinkes Devotion
8
Swift' s Works
2
His: of the 5 Indian Nations
2rid
Do
1&
6 c10
missing—
Statutes
I
I
-
Select Plays T & 1 T. 6
2d Mr Stark
9
Do
8
Oeuvres de Moliere
C
4
Fool of Quality
2
Antoninus' s Meditations
1
Milton' s Paradise
1,
2, D°
lost
Hainsworths Dictionary
Court&
do
1769 &
Virginia Almanack
do
1
Dictionare
Caesar
Auden
1
Boyers
Dictionary -
1
Littletons
26
6
Adventures of Jos. Andrews 1 missing
Exercise
1
4120
L' Esprit
2
England— all
the
Telemaque
3
Belisaire
E. R. do
1
1
1
returnd
not
not his Lordship' s
5th 1st Vol.
Oliveti
of Charles
out &
s
--
s System
4
8
2
of
His of Canada
de Boyer
dorpii
City Register for 1768
1770
Flora Virginica
do
Statutes
at
Universal
Large
24th do
Books doubtful to whom they belong
History
3 Books of Journals— sent to Mr Wythe Attorney
Prayer Book
1 Flora Virginica— said to come from Mr Clay-
1
Bible &
1
1
Diseases
of the
1
Stat. Will. & M. Coll.—
3d Vol of Rapins History-
1
Virga Laws abridg' d
3 Vol' s Sherlock' s Sermons
1
Johnson'
2
Knox' s
ton-
Army
Dictionary— do
historical Journal.
said
to be
in the
House when my Lord came-
s
1 Book of engross' d Letters— retd to the Office—
17]
�73-
The Governor' s Palace
STANDING
FURNITURE
In the Passage up Stairs -
PALACE •. '
AT THE
3 large Roman Catholick Pictures ` `
1 glas Lanthorn
Front
the
in
Parlour "
1 large looking Glass. 1 pr Steps in the Passage ..
Closet—
34 Scripture Prints
2
Shades
1
1
c
S•tudy
Chairs
Mahogony
1 Looking Glass.
Iron Grate.
l
Fry& Jefferson'
s
in the Closet--
Map
2
Colours.
Ro d
Chamber over the Dining Room
Glasses-
looking
6
fine
2
leather Buckets
looking
Glass
with
Frames &
black
2 glass
Sconces
1 step Ladder- 1 step Ladder
2 outer Window Screens
j _. •
10 Prints
g Room
In the dinin
Curtain &
check
1 Writing Table -
Passage
In the Hall &
Arms &
1
-
in Frames -
2 Brass Branches
7
•
one
in Frames
looking
in the Closet
Glass
painted Frame
w '
1 pr brass Sconces.,
1
wth Marble
Side Board
In the Ball
III
L..
r'
Chamber over the front Parlous
I looking Glass 14 Prints
Room
Bottom
19 Leather
1
Slab
Mahogony
chairs _•
Middle Room
8 long stools
8
stocker
2 long looking Glasses with red gilded frames
Brackets*
1 large
6 brass Branches
Glass
on
the
Side
of the
Room
with
carved gilt frame '
Glass Lustre with six Branches
Supper
2
16
walnut
long
Walnut
Tables
dining
Leather
A Glass Lustre
f
bottom
In his Lordship' s Chamber
One Chimney looking Glass
chairs
12 Branches
w
a Shade—
i
a Stand
In the
Benches
in the 21 Store Room
1 long Box with_a Parcel of broken Sconces— ; =
In the Powder Room
f •
2 Dressers
•
3 a• jitorc
-•.
room] ;f
the
little
Chimney &
a
middle
Room
2 brass Sconces—
Monumental
Dresser &
Bedstead--
Piece to Tho'
old Glass Lanthorn
1
Gilt
Fair_
in Passage up Stairs
-
Room over his Ldship' s Bed Chamber
Glass
the
over
1 looking Glass with Gilt Frame
-
Stand
Door
Map of Ncw England
4 Leather Bottom
1
pr old
Money
Stocker"
-
4 very old black Leather Chain
Pantry
looking
3 paintings
1 brass Sconce
a Parcel of old Iron
l pT Steps
In the
_
6 spring Blinds- 4 Billiard Tacks—parts of a
fax
an
of Shelves
Porch
2 large deal
In
'
Room
Mahogony
should
Cellar
Chairs. .
Scales
s
read "
stockoe"--
of Shelves—
perhaps
Wooden Horses-
meaning
1 Rope _ -
stucco.
_
=
�74-
The Governor' s Palace
Garden
12
1
1 Scarlet Rateen Coat and Waistcoat full
•_-
leaden&
six stone
Rolling
Stone— Tubbs &
trimmed,
flower Potts
1 Scarlet Gold Laced Frock
Tree &
orange
2 Gold Laced Buff Waistcoats, 1 Pr Buff '_
Roller for the Tubbs—
Breeches
1 Camblet Sea Cloak, lined with Green Baize
Outhouse
1
1 Bed Gown and Night Cap
Handmill—
2 Pr of Flannel Drawers, 1 Do Under Waistcoat,
2 Cotton Under Waistcoats, 5 Linnen Do
3 Pr Linnen Drawers, 11 Pr of Cotton Do
in the Wine Store
1
Ladder & old Chair .
Step
3 Horses-
2 large
Arrived since the taking the foregoing
Shelves—
Inventory, - -
1 Scarlet Gold Laced Frock,
1 blue plain Do _
WEARING
In Chamber
Dining
over
Blue Cloth Frock wrh
1
2 Blue Frocks, &
6 Pr of Cotton
APPAREL
Pr
White
51
2 Waistcoats
Velvet
Do
White
1
Crimson Silk Under Waistcoat :
1
Thickset
Frock,
1
Fustian
Frock &
1
Brown
Waistcoat
Silk
Do
Doyley
3
1
Waistcoats
Cloth
Waistcoats,
1
Old
Scarlet
Blue
Silk
2 Blue
Great
coats,
1
Silk
In the Middle
1
Do of White Cloth,
and White Silk Waistcoat,
1
18
1 Do of
a
Larger
Pattern
Mourning
23
with Weepers
6 Pr New
Black
Worsted
Full trimmed Suit of Crimson
Rateen
Frock,
Do,
1
Pr Black
Worsted
'
Worsted
Gauze
Do,
10
Pr
Brown
Pr of Boot DoPr Black
28 Pr White
Silk Do
Silk Do 30 Pr White
Cambrick
2 Cravets,
and Linnen
Cotton
2 Single
Caps,
Do
Caps,
16 Flannel
Do
3 Pr Ncw Shoes, 1 Pr pumps Do
20 Pr Shoes worn, 8 Pr pumps Do
5 Pr Slippers, 4 Pr Boots Do, 2 Pr lased Spurs,
Suits of Black Cloth
Brown
Stock,
11 Pr Cambrick Weepers,
Worsted
4 Pr Leggings,
5
Cloth
1 Scarlet
Wigs worn,
1 New Do, 2 Flesh
Brushes,
1 Whisk, 1 Cloaths Brush, 3 Wig Stands
1 Do of Scarlet, I Blue Cloth Coat full trimmed
1
Gloves,
Silk
Thread [ Do]
Mourning Frock and Waistcoat
Raven Grcy Do— and Do
2 Full
I
9 Pr White
Black, and 1 White Hats
1
1 Black
20 Pr plain White Worsted Do, 6 Pr Ribbed Do
•
with Silver,
1 Do Gold Tissue,
1
Do Waistcoat, -
•
Botetourt manuscripts, Virginia State Library.
19]
Graham
Hood,
Historic
Area
case
•
Gauze [ Do]
Room
I
1 Suit of
Gilt
White [ Do]
Compleat suit of pale Crimson Cut Velvet _
Do wth Gold Buttons, deep coloured Do
5
Doc Skin
Do,
Handkerchiefs,
Pr of Black
ri
laced
1 Small
6 Pr of White Do 6 Pr Brown Thread Do 1 Pr
Bays Wrappers—
10
1
Kidd
Stockings
Scarlet
Cloak
4 Green
Boxes,
Ydr of Cambrick, 5 New and
Cockades,
Pr of Yellow
26
Do,
Ruffles,
1 purple Sprig in a Cockle Shell
Do
Gold Laced
1
Ban
1 Black Silk Cravet,
1 Old Blue Great Coat
Old Brown, &
2 White
in
Pr of Wash Leather&
15
Silk
White
of Laced
1 Old pi of Kidd Gloves, 1 New Silk Wig
Bag, 2 Remnants of Black Crape, 6 Black
•
Waistcoat,
2 Doz Suits
chiefs,
of Phyals, 3%
1 White watered silk Embroidered
1
Stocks,
5 Sword- knots
Under
Sattin
Cambrick
1 Pr Mourning Ruffles, 37 Cambrick Handker-
Waistcoat
1
-
56 Ruffled Shirts, 6 plain Do
Lining
2 Pr Leather Breeches, 5 Pr Black Silk Do
3 Pr Black Velvet Do 1 Pr of white Cloth Do
1
•
His Lordship' s Bed Chamber
Room
white
Drawers,
comp. ,
of
Inventories
Williamsburg
(
of
Four Eighteenth- Century
Williamsburg, [
1974]},
pp. 5-
Houses
19 ]
in
the
�75-
13.
The
of
Commonwealth
To Humphrey
for
Virginia
Dr.
Palace
the
Harwood
1776
August
17th
To
load
a
To
2
To
To
To
52
28
To
To
larthes
in
13/ 9 &
palace &
& passages
350
1- 1/ 2
do.
4/ &
5. .
1. .
4. .
2. .
4. .
2. .
3. .
whitewash
Carting
10
Days
work
Whitewashing &
office
labours
lime
bushs.
work
@
plasterg.
mendg.
in
3• • _ _
@ 6/
9d.
@
18• •_
2/
500
bricks
13/
6
9 &
Days
2. .
2/
labour
@
3
work
3
Mending
landary & Sculery
To
21
Ditto
11
Do.
2/
Whitewashg.
18/ &
5
Days
labr.
@ 2/ &
@
6/
Whitewashing &
6 bushels
1. .
10. .
3. .
15. ._
9/
endorsed]
Palace
all work
Account
actually
done on public
Building by way
of
Repair
pd.
for
ble
Rate
Henry
to
be
at
a
P.
Henry
E.
reasona-
Huntington
Library,
photocopy
C.
W.
Rsch.
3
of
21. .
The
9
Chimneys
3
Whitewash
Verso
15. .
18. ._
hair
Septemr.
6
a load
18/
To
9
@ 6/ &
2/ 3
Nails
2. .
2
7• -_
2/
days
hall
@ 9d
hair
Do.
1/
Sand
40
bricks
plasterg,
6/
in
lime
of
1- 1/ 2
Days
500
9d;
@
8/
of
9
@
Do.
mendg.
lar.
bushels
3 &
100
mending
Grate
landary &
To
2/
work
days
2/
To
lime
mendg.
6 Ditto
4
21
of
days
do.
19
of
Sand
40 bushels
Center]
1. .
3
�76-
411
14.
of
Petition
To
Councell
of
Cary
Henry
to
the Honorable
to
Virginia &
1709]
Council,
the
Edmond
rest
of
Jenings
the
Esquire
Honorable
the
P' sident
Councell
Henry
of his
Cary
Majesties
moste
sheweth.
That whareas your Petetinor was ordered and Empowered by the late
Generall
have
Dwelling
the
used
acordingly
almost
finished
&
Coming
that
a
dwelling
house &
out houses
of
Endevor
to
utmost
with
itt
my
Carryed
Kitchen &
the
up
planks &
for the Quens Govornor
performe
the
wall & raysed
the
layed
on
the
lead
same
&
have
the roofe of
upon
the
bueilt
the
flatt
of
whare as the s' d Assembly ordered the s' d house to be Covored with
which
slate
stone
the
Covored
house &
roffe
build
to
Assembly
two
not
sent
was
thirds
for
of
accordingly &
them
are
fitt
are
for
Com
use
in butt
&
those
are
soe broke
that are fitt
in
Cannot
mett with or here of any workeman that understands how to lay them soe that the
house is still uncovored onely with planke which is not suffishant to make it
tite
soe Consequently the timber worke will receave much Damadg by the raine
&
that Come in doe therefore most humbely pray that your Honors will please to
take
the
s'
d bueilding
into
your
Considderation
&
Give
such
directions
therein
as you think fitt.
Endorsed]
Mr.
Abt.
Henry
Virginia:
photocopy
16th
Cary,
roofing
the
Govr'
April,
s
Colonial
Papers,
Rsch.
Center]
C. W.
1709.
house &
kitchen
folder
20,
item
17,
Virginia
State
Library,
�77-
15.
In a building near the palace
ornamented
richly
and
once
is
arms
by
gilded
of
him
and
machine,
clumsy
It
used
state
in
Virginia
to
which
coach,
carry
him
was
from
are to be seen the remains
brought
the
every
part,
even
are
painted
on
the
edges
every
to
palace
heavy,-- perhaps
enormously
over with Lord
of
side.
equal
The
motto
of
of
the
the
Tis
'
to two common
tires
the
Botetourt,
Capitol.
the
of the
wagons.
wheels.
arms
a
led
The
me
to remark how peculiarly disposed the Virginians have been to adopt ideas
of
and
royalty
that
is,
Journal
The
Life
'
.
.
The
motto
is,
En dat Virginia
quartam,
Virginia gives a fourth quarter to the world. ' "
entry
of
magnificence
for
Timothy
September
9- 16,
Pickering, (
1781,
Boston:
printed in Octavius
1867)
Vol.
I,
pages
Pickering,
297- 299]
�78-
16.
[
of
Copy
18
April
from John
letter
a
Custis
to
Ludwell
Philip
Aprl.
18.
1717
Sir
I
Yours
Wood,
if
and
I
consent,
to
for
fitt
the
wood,
to
down,
Some
was
Swamp
a
with
it
visto,
cart
on
grew
to cutt my
tell
faithfully
the
you,
whole
my
Land
to
an
make
I
opening,
and told me would cut nothing but what was only
and for that he would pay as much as any one gave for fireI told him he might if he pleased cutt such Trees
honour,
did
happened
I
after
would
a
a
that
the Governor
and he was pleased to ask my
Governors,
the
trees
some
Shall
leave,
me
give
at
down
that
it
be
to
his
time
to
please
fire,
please
alledged
it
cut
called
he
think
you
concerning my forbidding
recd.
happened
matter.
at
Williamsburg
1717]
Williamsburgh
Hond.
II,
to
belong
be
never
without
of
much
goeing
however he told me as before
in
me
which
grew
to
Service
through
his
and
him,
with
dine
to
a
he
then
of
deale
great
told
me
there
and
wood,
by reason I could not come
me,
pasture,
but
(
that
was
a
mistake)
if I would give him leave he would cut nothing
but Scroby Trees that was fitt for nothing but the fire and words to that
and would
effect,
likewise
pay
me
for
I was loth to deny his Honour and
that,
so I gave him leave.
As to the Clearing his visto he cut down all before him such a
as
he
thought
Trees,
that
my
Tenant
people
just
as
they
wideness
them
ruind
very
not
for
next
to
cutt
boards
morning
had
had
them
if
fitt;
reserved
cutt
into
they
early
amongst
them
which
destroyed
they
cut
cover
to
down,
or
till
firewood,
those
them
there was
my
in
she
Trees,
into
two very
and
Tenement,
small
some
saw
me,
for
good
came
oak Timber
to
the
time
after,
and begged
she
should
be half
they were so uncivill that the
firewood;
as
for
my
Swamp
it
is
all
�79-
down,
cut
deale
and
good
of
bad
such
pitty
far
as
would have given
besides
would
being
so?]
Land,
my
The
I
it
could
well
be
to
firewood.
and
his
were
if?]
I
did
did
not
expect
for
the
fire
answjered?]
I
could
manner
to
desired
not
my
I
as
do
only
Son
the
Damage
a
ddins
there
because
I
neither
good
would
a
deale
great
of
this
effect;
had
been
able,
told
you
as
will
be
will
please
if
own
I
near
I
angry
every
to
thing
respectively
I
Show
in
civel
it,
I
that
can
my
to
would
that
for wheels,
while
years,
have
be
down
cut
but
they would
cutt
all before
no
upon
would
be
only buy Log timber
in?] formed
[
torn]
live
on
I
me
able
but
that
if
for fifty pounds
I
it.
fwas?]
what
which
the
to
Tenant
told
only [
told
had
Governor
the
what
write
to
had ruined
Supplyed
pillaged [
able
I
have
servants?]
my [
a
should
that
time not
spared,
was
desist
to
if
cutting
but
Injury,
Injustice,
the
appeal
will
fire,
the
made
the
him
I
fitt?]
he
me,
best
shift
and in as Civil
Governor,
that
I should
any
more,
I likewise
Suffer his
for
that
thought
Land
it
would
I should
to be ruind
do
or
I assured him I would have waited on his Honour my self
and
as
of
deale
great
many
a great
and told him what my Tenants had informed me and
pleased
be
not
could
I
as
of,
Capable
he
me
long
of
and
me,
rememberd
bad
nor
for
for fellows
for
proceedings,
Trees
any
well
the Timber
in short
one
timber
Log
done
was
should
no
was
very
so
to
words
him
destroyed
be
it is
them,
to me and told me the Governor
d ( torn)]
an[
Governor
stop
in
such
stop
stopt
for the Timber
almost
for they must
the
up
came
see
that
was
that
my Tenant
not
not
sitt
Tenement
my
did
Will: [?]
Land
considerably
I
Land
should
Timber
I
till
went,
they
and destroying
if
and
to live on that
the
Sick,
by cutting
Tenement;
left
have
very
ash
Stately
Wheelright
as
was
all
I
am
a
of
mankind
not,
weak
very
truth
whole
to
Letter
in
nor
the
if
I
matter,
have
Shall
Thus
Condition;
and
given
not be
if
him
Sir
the
have
Governor
if
he
or ashamed
to
occasion,
affraid
I
I am conscious to my self that I did my utmost to write
him,
in
return
of
which
I
have
been
informed
he
has
said
�80-
all
little
the
which
you
Severall
very
mean
things
well
know,
had
about
as
for
being paid
to
must
were
you
answer
for
your
kind
so
was
not
wood,
the
for
pardon
to
to
write
I
had
price
of
the
upright
changd
about
with
his
I thought
Servants,
I was
held
for
any Servant
any other matter,
I
if
I
had,
for
answer
long
this
premises,
as
and
would
firewood
you
but
farthing,
one
to beat
a word with
as I remember
never
of
stand
I never
troubling
me
to
indeed
usuall
the
able
threatned
[ I?]
that
Solemnly
Ior?]
thing
if paying
begg
now
such
any
guess
I
and
me,
and do protest
weeks;
he
you
of
leave
timber.
Scrowl,
but
my self
obliged
I
since
to
my Respects of good Madam Ludwell my Love to my Girl is what offers
you;
from
Sir,
Honble.
Jno.
To
superscribed
Philip
Honble.
The
Ludwell
Servant
0bedt.
most
Yr.
Copy
Custis
B
Esgre.
To have a true Idea of this letter you must know that when I waited
the
on
Govr.
us
[
Cut
a
[
with
Apr.
Carter among other discourse
Collo.
the
on
torn]
took occasion from a small fire he had or some such thing to tell
of
illeg.]
a
17th. of
Govr.
in
how
which
ill
Custis
mr.
his
land
was
noe
thro
visto
swamp
the
upon
had used him after he had given him leave to
to
promise
for
crooked] &
but
thing
pay
the
wood &
alsoe to Cutt
decay' d ash trees
fit
down
for
nothing but his fire he had on a suddain forbid his Servants to cut any more or
take
to
off
what
reflected
pretty
I
derd
[
illeg. ]
obliged
occas?]
to
they
rid[ icu] lous
cut
I
sharply.
mr.
inform
ioned
had
this
storys
of
letter.
of [
I
the
torn]
to
am [ torn]
illeg.]
[
excuse
&desired
it
a
was
[ torn]
Should [
Custis
him
which
mr.
him & [ sd. ?]
Govr.
know
soe
the
informed
Custis
if appointment to him Itorn]
torn]
about
&
it might be Itorn] formation.
though [
occasion
torn]
of [ it?] which
that he continues
it
tho
he
selfe
has
not
to tell
yet
thought
�81-
411
fit to pay him even for firewood Noe more than he has the gardener for laying
out
his
garden
you please
Lee
Note:
Family
The
above
a
year
past [ I?]
send you his letter to make what use
of.
Papers,
Section
endorsement
is
46,
Mss
probably
1/
in
L
51/
Philip
f.
64,
Ludwell
Virginia Historical Society.
II' s
handwriting.]
�82-
17.
The
of
them
to
extend
by
a
in
cover,
water,
over
of
bed
found
sand
great
and
appears
or
on
the
Land
Bed
in
which
of
Shells,
to
depth
if
especially
this
opening
of eight
of
in
different
small
this
is
or more
Stratum
I
in
only
of
this
taken
&
which
in the
Stratum
of
have
low
the
or most
Shells
lands,
gravel &
as
not
been
seems
covered
marle
able
to
is
dis-
in the
Governours
Park
a Pit
is used for making Walks
if it would not be a rich Manure
out
the
all
made by the washing of the Rain
Riverlets,
was
myself,
in
thickness;
openings,
was
made
feet
least
this matter which
it
lie]
at
by
this
Williamsburg;
I am much mistaken
burnt
collected
Country,
of
little
Shells
these
loam
for getting
but
Gravel,
in
this
thickness
of
fossile
of
part
only
banks
purposely
of
Park
sandy
The
it
the
1771,
a
all
are
Governors
as
instead
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Research Reports
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<p>A collection of research reports from throughout the Foundation's history are available through this webpage. All Colonial Williamsburg research reports, whether in digital or hardcopy format, are discoverable through the Rockefeller Library's online catalog. Their contents reflect the evolution of scholarship over the decades. Given the long period over which these reports have been written, reports sometimes contradict or correct previous thinking due to the discovery of new evidence. Researchers should consult the full range of reports on a particular topic to ensure a thorough understanding of the most current interpretation.</p>
<p>Types of reports include:</p>
<p>Archaeological reports describe archaeological excavations. Reports predating 1960 share only the results of cross-trenching, rather than comprehensive excavation results.</p>
<p>Architectural reports discuss restored and reconstructed buildings.<br />Historical reports (house histories) incorporate primary and secondary sources into the discussion of individual properties and structures.</p>
<p>Interpretive reports clarify the way in which key buildings should be presented to visitors by Colonial Williamsburg's historical interpreters.</p>
<p>Topical reports outline specific areas of interest in 18th-century research.</p>
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The Palace Lands, 1700-1790
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Gibbs, Patricia Ann, 1941-
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
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1980
1990
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library Research Report Series, 234
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Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.)
Williamsburg (Va.)--History--18th century
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/b14c2b35ce800f4ef86d485af3c73a80.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=amXU6ADFaAK0dJxdmW9yl74RQl4V2oNmGFh8Lp-Zg2JMf4fs5eHwEn5mKn0%7E%7Et5GhdZytAYaf%7ELgRVOH5uGeNnYrdRM7DDIuoHNllYs6WxzI1HrahmC%7EA5n7obuzU19xjXvetXAyH9MDdDpeFd2X0s1eOrG-6iLIG6FWBmk%7EwSwhJxKU9fCoA9sEun5jHTlchw8pxvZ9CizUdI0LEGLNa2lia8qcWs6%7EZvHhDwRH45zLSj3E%7EXSE%7EEYNzSBh2mxtAolCA062PbnlD0e%7EzDbEJI2onmlY9u2Vs2liogJ3NJMskA-fUxpAIKfAnWasvHY7nCOZthUBgPpBJuOY5MVVxQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
33b4606c2cfa1c1b6cf1394f2532e902
PDF Text
Text
Archaeology and Enslaved Life on
Coke’s Plantation: An Early History of
the Governor’s Palace Lands
By Maria Franklin
August 2017
The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
�Table of Contents
List of Figures ..........................................................................................................5
Chapter 1 – Project Introduction ..................................................................................7
Project Area ..............................................................................................................8
Previous Archaeology, Site 44WB90 .........................................................................9
Site 44WB90: Coke’s Plantation and the Palace Lands ...........................................11
Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS) .............................. 12
Chapter Summaries ............................................................................................... 12
Chapter 2 – Research Questions and Methods ........................................................... 13
Introduction ...........................................................................................................13
Research Questions................................................................................................ 13
Remarks ................................................................................................................. 17
Field Methods and Data Recovery ...........................................................................18
Excavation Units ....................................................................................................18
Features ................................................................................................................. 19
Sampling Protocols .................................................................................................20
Soil Chemistry Samples ...................................................................................... 20
Phytolith and Pollen Samples .............................................................................. 20
Flotation Samples ............................................................................................... 21
Artifacts and Ecofacts ......................................................................................... 21
Chapter 3 – Historical context .................................................................................... 23
Introduction ...........................................................................................................23
Slavery in Williamsburg .......................................................................................... 23
Whaley’s “Old Field”: c. 1704-1747........................................................................25
John Coke’s Plantation: c. 1747-1769 ....................................................................29
John Coke’s Slaveholding ................................................................................... 31
The Transfer of John Coke’s Estate .....................................................................32
The Governor’s Palace Lands: c. 1769-1776 ........................................................... 35
The Palace Park ..................................................................................................36
Slavery and Governors Botetourt and Dunmore .................................................. 38
The Events of 1776 ............................................................................................. 39
Aftermath: c. 1784-1904 ........................................................................................ 40
Concluding Remarks .............................................................................................. 42
Chapter 4 – Excavation results and site chronology ................................................... 45
Introduction ...........................................................................................................45
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 2
�Soil Profile .............................................................................................................. 47
Excavation Units ....................................................................................................47
Recovery Methods ..................................................................................................49
Test Transects ........................................................................................................50
Features ................................................................................................................. 52
F01: Sub-floor pit ............................................................................................... 54
F02 and F03: Brick Chimney Foundation and Builder’s Trench ......................... 57
F04: Ditch...........................................................................................................57
F05: Ditch...........................................................................................................59
F06: Ditch...........................................................................................................61
North Fence: F07-F21 and F31-F36 ....................................................................63
South Fence: F22-F30 ........................................................................................ 63
Miscellaneous Features....................................................................................... 64
Interpretation of the Palace Lands Site Chronology ................................................ 64
Phase I: c. 1747-1769 ........................................................................................ 67
Phase II: Late Eighteenth Century to Early Nineteenth Century .......................... 68
Phase III: Mid-Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries ............................................69
The Ceramic Crossmend Evidence..........................................................................70
Remarks ................................................................................................................. 71
Chapter 5 – Historic Artifacts ..................................................................................... 73
Introduction ...........................................................................................................73
Foodways Group ....................................................................................................74
Ceramic Tablewares ............................................................................................... 78
Tea and Coffee Service Wares ................................................................................. 80
Ceramic Food Preparation and Storage Wares ........................................................ 81
Unidentifiable Ceramics ......................................................................................... 82
Glass Assemblage ...................................................................................................82
Glass Tablewares ...................................................................................................83
Glass Beverage Storage and Containers .................................................................83
Unidentified Glass ..................................................................................................84
Table Utensils ........................................................................................................84
Architectural Group ............................................................................................... 85
Sewing Equipment Group....................................................................................... 86
Medicinal and Hygiene Group ................................................................................ 87
Personal Group ......................................................................................................90
Furniture Group.....................................................................................................90
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 3
�Tobacco Group .......................................................................................................91
Tool Group ............................................................................................................. 91
Native American Group .......................................................................................... 92
Other Hardware Group ........................................................................................... 92
Arms Group ...........................................................................................................93
Clothing and Adornment Group ............................................................................. 94
Horse and Transport Group ................................................................................... 98
Unidentified Artifact Group .................................................................................... 99
Other Notable Artifacts ......................................................................................... 100
Chapter 6 – Interpretations ...................................................................................... 103
Introduction ......................................................................................................... 103
The Built Environment ......................................................................................... 104
Social Organization at the Palace Lands Site ........................................................ 105
Comparative Analysis of Household Assemblages ................................................. 106
The Rich Neck and Utopia IV Slave Quarters .................................................... 106
The Artifact Assemblages .................................................................................. 108
Research Questions.............................................................................................. 110
Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 121
References ............................................................................................................... 125
Primary Sources ................................................................................................... 125
Secondary Sources ............................................................................................... 125
Appendices .............................................................................................................. 135
Appendix A. Dryscreen and Wetscreen Samples, Features 1, 4, and 5 (F01, F04,
and F05)............................................................................................................... 137
Appendix B. Soil Chemistry Samples ................................................................... 139
Appendix C. Phytolith and Pollen Samples .......................................................... 141
Appendix D. Flotation Samples ........................................................................... 145
Appendix E. Ceramic Vessels .............................................................................. 147
Appendix F. Inventory of Estate of John Coke, February 15, 1768 ...................... 163
Appendix G. Excavation and Test Units ............................................................... 167
Appendix H. Feature Elevations .......................................................................... 171
Appendix I. Summary of Features, North Fence .................................................. 173
Appendix J. Summary of Features, South Fence ................................................. 175
Appendix K. Summary of Other Features ............................................................ 177
Appendix L. Contexts, Structure 140, Utopia IV .................................................. 179
Appendix M. Contexts, Site 68AL, Rich Neck Slave Quarter................................. 183
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 4
�List of Figures
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
2.1.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
4.1.
Williamsburg, Virginia. .............................................................................7
Visitor Center complex, Colonial Williamsburg, 2007. ...............................8
Project area, Palace Lands site (44WB90) ..................................................9
Phase I survey of CW Visitor Center, June 1996 .....................................10
Phase II survey of CW Visitor Center, November 1996 ............................. 11
Block excavation plan, Palace Lands site ................................................ 18
York County rent roll tract map, tracts 595A and 595C, 1704 ................ 25
York County land transactions, tracts 595A and 595C, c. 1711-1737 .....26
York County, tracts 474B, 595A and 595C, 1747 ...................................29
John Coke’s plantation and Williamsburg property, c. 1747-1767 ..........30
York County tract map, 1768 ..................................................................34
The Governor’s Palace Lands, c. 1769-1816 ............................................37
Project area during early stage of excavation immediately prior to machine
grading of ground vegetation, view to the south, June 1998 .................. 45
4.2. Palace Lands site, post-excavation, view to the west ............................... 46
4.3. Context 2, 1006N/1005E, north profile................................................... 47
4.4. Block excavation plan showing areas of plowzone, redeposited subsoil,
and silt, Palace Lands site .....................................................................48
4.5. Contexts 180 and 136 (modern, redeposited subsoil), and context 184 (silt
layer), 992N/1011E, northwest quadrant of unit, east profile ............... 49
4.6. Plan of 1999 test units, Palace Lands site ............................................... 51
4.7. Context 263, 1008N/974E, south profile ................................................ 52
4.8. Plan of features (post excavation), Palace Lands site ............................... 53
4.9. Features 1 (sub-floor pit) and 2 (chimney foundation), view to the
northwest .............................................................................................. 55
4.10. Plan of Features 1 and 2 .......................................................................55
4.11. Feature 1 (F01), sub-floor pit, north profile ...........................................56
4.12. Feature 2 (F02), brick chimney foundation, view to the north ............... 57
4.13. Plan and profiles of Feature 4 (F04) ...................................................... 59
4.14. Plan and profile of Feature 5 (F05) ........................................................ 60
4.15. Plan and profiles of Feature 6 (F06) ...................................................... 62
4.16. Periods of manufacture for ceramic ware types recovered from feature
contexts ................................................................................................ 66
5.1. Colonoware bowl, rim fragment (235-33AS). Photo courtesy of the Digital
Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (http://www.daacs.org/)
............................................................................................................. 80
5.2. Colonoware porringer handle (230-33AS). Photo courtesy of the Digital
Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (http://www.daacs.org/)
............................................................................................................. 80
5.3. Tea/coffee service vessels, (a) Jackfield teapot lid (238-33AS), (b)
creamware sugar bowl lid (183-33AS), (c) creamware coffee pot lid (28433AS) ....................................................................................................81
5.4. Food preparation and storage vessels, (a) Buckley milk pan (201-33AS), (b)
Fulham-type stoneware storage jar (230-33AS) .....................................82
5.5. Table utensil, lead alloy spoon handle with maker’s mark of “H” (63-33AS;
1008-00012-NOS-00239). Illustration by Will Russell ........................... 85
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 5
�Figure 5.6. Table utensil, lead alloy spoon handle with incised Greek cross (20-33AS;
1008-00050-WTS-00152). Illustration by Will Russell ........................... 85
Figure 5.7. Table utensil, tin-plated, two-piece handle (1008-00050-WTS-00154,
1008-00050-WTS-00155, 1008-00050-WTS-00156 and 1008-00050WTS-00157) .......................................................................................... 85
Figure 5.8. Sewing Equipment Group; (a) copper alloy thimble (97-33AS; 1008-00054WTS-00048), (b) copper alloy thimble (24-33AS; 1008-00050-WTS00190), (c) copper alloy thimble (83-33AS; 1008-00053-WTS-00108), (d)
copper alloy thimble (98-33AS; 1008-00054-WTS-00049). .................... 87
Figure 5.9. Medicinal and Hygiene Group, (a) non-lead glass, light green
pharmaceutical bottle, base fragment (1008-00050-WTS-00001) (b) nonlead glass, light green pharmaceutical bottle (1008-00050-WTS-00053)89
Figure 5.10. Medicinal and Hygiene Group, delftware salve pot (254-33AS). Photo
courtesy of the Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery
(http://www.daacs.org/) .......................................................................89
Figure 5.11. Personal Group, lead alloy weight with the numeral “1” (68-33AS; 100800019-DRS-00185). Illustration by Will Russell ....................................90
Figure 5.12. Clothing and Adornment Group, (a) copper alloy shoe buckle (25-33AS;
1008-00050-FLT-00020), (b) copper alloy shoe buckle (81-33AS; 100800053-WTS-00036). Illustration by Will Russell ....................................95
Figure 5.13. Copper alloy shoe buckle (123-33AS; 1008-00129-WTS-00002).
Illustration by Will Russell ....................................................................95
Figure 5.14. Clothing and Adornment Group; (a) copper alloy two-piece button with
molded decoration and bone back (33-33AS; 1008-00050-WTS-00141
and 1008-00050-WTS-00142), (b) copper alloy two-piece button with
molded decoration and bone back (36-33AS; 1008-00050-WTS-00147
and 1008-00050-WTS-00148). Illustration by Will Russell .................... 96
Figure 5.15. Clothing and Adornment Group; (a) copper alloy, two-piece button with
molded decoration and missing back (34-33AS; 1008-00050-WTS00143), (b) copper alloy two-piece button with molded decoration and
bone back (87-33AS; 1008-00053-WTS--00081). Illustration by Will
Russell ..................................................................................................96
Figure 5.16. Clothing and Adornment Group; (left) tin alloy finger ring with a silver
wash (76-33AS; 1008-00053-WTS-00130), (right) copper alloy flat-disc
button with missing shank (102-33AS). Illustration by Will Russell ......96
Figure 5.17. Clothing and Adornment Group; tin alloy ring with a silver wash (center;
1008-00053-WTS-00130) as recovered from excavation attached to two
copper alloy rings (photo taken prior to conservation) ........................... 97
Figure 5.18. Clothing and Adornment Group, glass cufflink jewels/pastes (100800050-WTS-00223; 1008-00054-WTS-00064; 1008-00054-WTS-00065)
............................................................................................................. 98
Figure 5.19. Unidentified Artifact Group, copper alloy hardware, possible finial (4333AS; 1008-00050-WTS-00234) .......................................................... 100
Figure 5.20. Bottle seal, “T Everard 1768” (12-33AS; 1008-00023-DRS-00055).
Illustration by Will Russell .................................................................. 101
Figure 5.21. Selection of fossil shells recovered from the Palace Lands site ............. 101
Figure 6.1. Percentages of artifact groups by site .................................................... 112
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 6
�Chapter 1 – Project Introduction
During the summers of 1998 and 1999, the Colonial Williamsburg Department
of Archaeological Research (DAR), with the assistance of students from the College of
William & Mary and the University of Texas-Austin field schools, conducted an
excavation of site 44WB90 in Williamsburg, Virginia (Figure 1.1).
Figure 1.1. Williamsburg, Virginia.
This eighteenth-century, slave-related site was identified in 1996 during a
Phase I survey of the Colonial Williamsburg (CW) Visitor Center complex (Figure 1.2;
Pickett 1997). The site was once located on land that formed a portion of the
Governor’s Palace Lands from which it derives its name. This report summarizes the
results of the Phase III data recovery of the site.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 7
�Figure 1.2. Visitor Center complex, Colonial Williamsburg, 2007.
The excavation was conducted under the direction of former DAR Research
Associate Maria Franklin. Marley R. Brown III, then Director of the DAR, provided
general supervision of the project. Staff archaeologists Andrew Edwards, Greg Brown
and David Muraca provided logistical support. The field school teaching assistants
included Anna Agbe-Davies, David Brown, Roxanne Lawson, Kerri S. Barile, Sean
Maroney, and Rob Weber. Rob Weber and Greg Brown assisted enormously in the
archival research of the site’s history. Linda Rowe, Jennifer Jones, Nicole Mahoney,
Terri Keffert, and Donna Sawyers catalogued the artifacts under the guidance of Bill
Pittman and Kelly Ladd, and Joanne Bowen and Steven Atkins analyzed the faunal
remains. Lucie Vinciguerra and Heather Harvey produced the graphics from original
field drawings. Finally, my sincere thanks go to Hans Schwarz for his editing,
attention to detail, and pulling it all together, and to Mark Kostro for ensuring that
this report has a home.
In 2008, the Department of Archaeological Research was integrated with
Historic Architecture and now operates as the Department of Architectural and
Archaeological Research.
Project Area
The Palace Lands site (44WB90) was located on the property of the Visitor
Center complex between the Cascades Motel and Route 60 (Figure 1.3). The site was
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 8
�situated on a terrace overlooking Route 60 that is still wooded and covered with dense
ground vegetation. A house, occupied during the excavations, bordered the site and
car parts, modern dishes, beer bottles, and other debris were scattered across the
area.
Figure 1.3. Project area, Palace Lands site (44WB90)
Due to planned renovations of the Visitor Center, Phase I and II surveys of site
44WB90 were undertaken in 1996 by the DAR (Cooper 1997; Pickett 1997). Artifacts
recovered during Phase II testing dated primarily to the eighteenth century. This
evidence, along with the site’s location, tied the site to a 200-acre tract of land
purchased by the Council sometime between 1769 and 1773 when the acreage
became part of the Governor’s Palace Lands. Subsequent research revealed that prior
to this event the site was inhabited by enslaved Virginians who belonged to John
Coke.
Previous Archaeology, Site 44WB90
In June of 1996, the DAR conducted a Phase I survey of the Visitor Center,
located south of the Woodlands Conference Center, as the area was slated for future
development. Archaeologists David Muraca and Dwayne Pickett conducted the survey
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 9
�which was intended to locate prehistoric and historic sites within the project area.
Archaeologists dug 135 40-cm shovel tests at fifteen-meter intervals (Pickett 1997:5).
There were 23 positive shovel tests (21 of which are indicated in Figure 1.4) and
archaeologists recovered eighteenth-century artifacts from three of these. With
eighteenth-century habitation evident in the area, the site was registered with the
VDHR. Archaeologists recommended a Phase II survey of the site which commenced
in November of 1996.
Figure 1.4. Phase I survey of CW Visitor Center, June 1996
The Phase II survey of site 44WB90 was supervised by Margaret Cooper and
was intended to locate subsurface features and to delineate the site’s boundaries
(Cooper 1997; Figure 1.5). This survey focused on the area where eighteenth-century
artifacts were previously recovered. Archaeologists dug 16 75 × 75 cm test units at
ten-meter intervals and eight 75 × 75 cm test units at five-meter intervals. They also
excavated two 1 × 1 m units and one 2 × 2 m unit. One test unit uncovered a portion
of a brick chimney foundation (Cooper 1997). The 347 artifacts collected during the
survey included 117 artifacts that were attributed to the eighteenth-century site
occupation (Cooper 1997:16). The location of the chimney remains and a
concentration of eighteenth-century artifacts in the area surrounding the feature led
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 10
�to the decision to conduct a Phase III data recovery of the site. This stage of the
investigation took place during two summer field seasons in 1998 and 1999.
Figure 1.5. Phase II survey of CW Visitor Center, November 1996
Site 44WB90: Coke’s Plantation and the Palace Lands
Site 44WB90 was referred to as the Palace Lands Quarter following the Phase II
survey. It was known prior to the surveys conducted that the area once formed part of
the Palace Lands. The discovery of a potential slave quarter during Phase II testing,
however, led to the reference of the site as the “Palace Lands Quarter.” Yet while the
site quartered enslaved Virginians and was part of the Palace Lands, subsequent
research revealed that it was likely never both of these simultaneously. Instead, the
Afro-Virginians who inhabited the site belonged to a prominent resident of
Williamsburg by the name of John Coke.
John Coke was a goldsmith and tavern keeper who owned the land upon which
the site was located from c. 1747-1767. It is clear from historical documents that he
used the land for planting. Although he owned nine enslaved blacks upon his death
in 1767, it is still not known which of these individuals lived at the Palace Lands site.
Coke willed the plantation to his son Samuel who put the plantation, its livestock and
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 11
�several enslaved blacks up for auction in 1769. In c. 1769-1773, but probably closer
to 1769, the Council purchased the tract and it was incorporated into the Palace
Lands.
Coke’s 200-acre plantation became part of what was known at the time as the
Palace “park.” The last two royal governors, Botetourt and Dunmore, used the park
for pasturage, raising crops, and for fuel (Gibbs 1980). In the years following the
Revolution, the Palace Lands tract was vested, deeded and willed many times. A
second occupation took place in the site’s vicinity during the late eighteenth century,
and this was followed by one or more settlements near the site starting in the midnineteenth century. Although a chain of title has been traced from 1704 to 1904, it
appears that the land was leased to tenants, who remain anonymous, during these
last two site phases.
Even though some variant of “Coke’s Plantation” would be a more appropriate
name for the site, this report most often refers to the site as the “Palace Lands”
(without the “quarter” designation) for the sake of continuity.
Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS)
The Palace Lands site is one of many Chesapeake slave-related sites that are
inventoried in the DAACS database (http://www.daacs.org/). (DAACS was formerly
known as the Digital Archive of Archaeology of Chesapeake Slavery.) In the writing of
this report, unless otherwise noted, DAACS was consulted for all artifact analyses and
to query mean ceramic dates. Since the DAACS’ artifact queries will allow any
individual to download the entire database, a summary finds list is not included in
this report.
Chapter Summaries
The remainder of this report is divided into six chapters. Chapter 2 presents
the project research design, field methodology, sampling protocols, and artifact
treatment. Chapter 3 summarizes the site’s historical context. Chapter 4 provides an
overview of the excavation results and an interpretation of the site’s chronology. In
chapter 5, a descriptive analysis of the historic artifacts is presented. The report ends
with Chapter 6 with an interpretation of enslaved domestic life at the Palace Lands site
and addresses the questions raised by the research design.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 12
�Chapter 2 – Research Questions and Methods
Introduction
This chapter presents the project’s research goals, and the field and lab
methods, including all sampling protocols. The research goals were shaped by many
factors which included the historical context of the Palace Lands site, the site’s specific
characteristics, the nature of the archaeological data recovered from the site, and the
probable identity of the site’s occupants. To summarize, the Palace Lands site was
occupied during the third quarter of the eighteenth century by a group of enslaved
Virginians who belonged to John Coke, a Williamsburg goldsmith and tavern owner.
The domestic nature of the site and archaeological assemblage suggest that it was
inhabited by a household that included a child or children.
The similarities and differences between Palace Lands and other
contemporaneous slave-related archaeological sites in the region are worth noting.
Although the Palace Lands site is small, with only one domicile represented, as with
other slave quarter sites it still speaks to the question of enslaved social organization
and the attempts by its residents to institute some form of household life. Further, as
part of a 200-acre plantation, household members labored in the fields and raised
livestock much like their counterparts at other slave quarters. Yet there are
differences as well. First, the site’s urban location stands in contrast to the majority of
slave quarter sites excavated in the area which were usually situated on rural
plantations (e.g., Carter’s Grove, Utopia). At the Palace Lands, site inhabitants likely
spent as much time in town as they did on the plantation. They may have even split
their duties between the plantation and Coke’s tavern, and maintained relationships
with friends and family residing in town. Second, Coke’s plantation could best be
described as a quarter farm when compared to the grand plantation estates of his
contemporaries at Carter’s Grove, Green Spring, Wilton, or Shirley plantations. While
Coke was relatively wealthy by the time of his death in 1767, his 200-acre plantation
and slaveholding of nine individuals were modest when measured against, for
example, the estate of Phillip Ludwell III who died in the same year. Ludwell owned
nine plantations and well over 200 enslaved individuals (Franklin 2004). Since few
archaeologists have excavated small to middling plantations in the Tidewater, the
Palace Lands project offered an opportunity to investigate enslaved lifeways in these
settings.
Research Questions
Starting in the 1990s, the DAR, under the directorship of Marley R. Brown III,
implemented a research agenda that prioritized the study of enslaved Virginians in the
Tidewater region. In line with the CWF’s attempt to present to the public a more
inclusive history of colonial life, the DAR staff began, in earnest, to excavate slaverelated sites, sharing their research with curators and African-American interpreters.
Staff archaeologists investigated slave quarter sites at Carter’s Grove and Rich Neck
Plantation, and included interpretations in their reports of slave-related artifacts and
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 13
�features associated with colonial-era dwellings and businesses in town. It was within
this broader research context that the Palace Lands project took place.
By the time data recovery began at the site, and in the years that followed, the
archaeology of slavery has made significant inroads, shedding light on Virginia
plantation slavery and the experiences of enslaved Africans and blacks (e.g., AgbeDavies 2015; Brown 2014; Crader 1990; Deetz 1993; Edwards 1995; Fesler 2004;
Heath 1999a; Higgins and Blanton 2000; Kelso 1984; Kern 2005; Mrozowski et al.
2008; Neiman et al. 2000; Pogue 2003; Pullins et al. 2003; Reeves and Greer 2012;
Sanford 1994; Samford 2007). This project’s research questions were intended to
contribute to the existing literature by both expanding on previous findings while
hopefully adding new insights.
One observation, in particular, stands out regarding previous studies: most of
the sites excavated in Virginia were occupied by enslaved individuals and families who
were owned by wealthy planters (Pullins et al. 2003). Some of the most intensivelyresearched quarters were once part of the plantation holdings of Thomas Jefferson,
James Madison, George Washington, the Carters, and the Burwells. These men had
at their disposal thousands of acreage for planting and raising livestock, and dozens of
enslaved Virginians who made it possible. They were able to establish self-sufficient
plantations by raising subsistence crops and training enslaved laborers as
blacksmiths, carpenters, weavers, and so on to produce most of what was needed to
manage their holdings efficiently, including the provisioning of their enslaved
workforce.
While the majority of those enslaved belonged to the planter elite, their
counterparts living on the more numerous smaller holdings had experiences that
differed in significant ways. Scholars have noted that enslaved family formation
presented greater challenges on small and middling plantations where the
opportunities to find a spouse were limited (Berlin 2003; Kulikoff 1986:331; Walsh
1997:30). In contrast, the quarters of large holdings tended to be populated by
multiple kin-related households with members ranging in age (see, for example,
Franklin 2004 and Walsh 1997; Kulikoff 1986:335-344, 364-371). As the property of
wealthy slaveowners, these enslaved Virginians were less likely to be sold off during
the colonial era than those who were part of smaller holdings. As a result, their
families were more stable, and it was not uncommon to find two generations of the
same family residing at a quarter. Scholars have characterized these communities as
close-knit, with individuals socialized to care for one another, regardless of blood ties,
and to practice mutual obligation that involved working cooperatively in the fields and
at home (Jones 1985:29-43; Walsh 1997:50-51, 144-145). In these settings, the social
networks that enslaved women maintained across households to share the burdens of
childcare and domestic chores (White 1985) would have been absent or minimal on
smaller plantations.
Coke was a man of means, and as a tavern owner and goldsmith, he was not
wholly dependent on his plantation for turning a profit. Still, he was not a peer among
the likes of a Carter or Jefferson and his plantation was on the low end of the scale of
what passed as “middling” for the era (estimated at 200-800 acres). Would life have
differed for the household residing at Coke’s when compared to those occupying much
larger quarters? Slavery was not a monolithic experience for those held in bondage
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�since gender, age, region, labor regiment, time period, whether one was African-born
or not, and a host of other factors influenced one’s experiences. The Palace Lands site
provides an opportunity to consider further the heterogeneity of enslaved lifeways, and
this line of inquiry is best approached through a comparative study.
To date, the majority of archaeological research on slavery has tended to be
site-specific. There are a number of legitimate reasons for this, including the influence
of post-processualism in historical archaeology, which has led to an emphasis on
microscale analyses. More practical concerns are the differences in data recovery
methods and artifact cataloging systems used for sites (Galle 2010:28). However, the
Digital Archive of the Archaeology of Comparative Slavery, or DAACS, with its
standardization of data has made it possible to conduct comparative studies. An
analysis of the Palace Lands assemblage in isolation, while likely useful, would
preclude the possibility of determining whether archaeological research can help to
identify variations in enslaved lifeways between small and large plantations.
Artifacts recovered from slave quarters typically represent a range of practices
and social relations, especially those embedded in domestic life: the household
economy, cultural production, consumption, socialization, and leisurely pursuits. A
comparative analysis of artifacts from the Palace Lands with those found at quarters
associated with great plantations might potentially reveal how factors tied to a
slaveowner’s wealth and the size of his holdings shaped the home life of enslaved field
hands who struggled to carve out some autonomous space within the quarters.
There are some key questions concerning the size of holdings, labor
management, and provisioning systems between John Coke and elite planters that
may have had implications for enslaved households: 1. Since the number of field
hands at Coke’s was much smaller, were they able to meet the various needs of their
household? 2. Did Coke provision his enslaved field hands in similar ways to elite
planters, and if not, how might this have influenced their home life? 3. To what extent
were Coke’s field hands able to participate in the consumer revolution that
characterized the period? Each of these questions guided the analysis of the Palace
Lands artifacts and is given further consideration below.
1. Since the number of field hands at Coke’s was much lower than at large plantation
quarters, did this have detrimental effects on their ability to balance institutional with
household labor?
There are at least three interrelated factors to consider: the number of
inhabitants at the quarter, how they socially organized domestic tasks, and how Coke
managed his enslaved labor force. During the eighteenth century, the wealthiest
planters who owned thousands of acres usually quartered ten full-time field hands
and their families at each of their multiple plantations. As mentioned before, these
enslaved communities generally consisted of multiple, kin-related households with
some generational depth. Much of the domestic work was socially organized largely by
gender, and males and females often worked in cooperative groups to complete tasks.
In contrast, Coke’s quarter was inhabited by a single household at any one time over a
20-year period. Without the cooperative, social networks of larger quarters, this
household may have faced far more difficulty in balancing its domestic life with Coke’s
labor demands.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 15
�Relatedly, field hands on large plantations were mainly reserved for agricultural
work since wealthy planters also had skilled laborers and full-time domestics at their
disposal for other chores. Lorena Walsh’s (2010:448-459) analysis of the profit
margins and management of five middling plantations (300 acres in size) in York
County sheds some light on the workloads of the enslaved field hands who occupied
them. The four to eight adult field hands on each estate were responsible for a greater
range of tasks than their counterparts on large plantations:
“Where there were only a few hands to plow the land, look after the livestock, run the
dairy, shear the sheep, spin yarn, gather fodder, catch fish, make cider, plant a
vegetable garden, sow and harvest wheat, beans and peas, tend corn, make casks, and
keep fences and buildings in repair, few of the enslaved could tend a full cop of
tobacco” (Walsh:2010:458).
Coke had nine enslaved individuals at the time of his death. Although this was
a relatively high number compared to other Williamsburg slaveowners, Coke owned a
number of enterprises where enslaved labor was needed. These nine were variously
assigned to work primarily at his tavern, plantation, home, and perhaps his silver and
goldsmithing business. In all likelihood, there was very little down time for his field
hands who, in addition to covering all of the bases on his plantation, may have been
hired out and also rotated between his other businesses to fill in as needed. How
might this have influenced their ability to meet the needs of their household?
If their assemblage lacks the range of evidence for household-related activities
typically seen with large quarters, this would suggest that the household needed to
relinquish performing some of their domestic work. If the assemblages are
comparable, it’s likely that household members – lacking the cooperative networks of
larger quarters – had to invest more time and energy toward domestic chores. They
might also have practiced a more flexible arrangement in the social organization of
tasks.
2. Did Coke provision his enslaved field hands in similar ways to elite planters, and if
not, how might this have influenced their home life?
Successful, great plantations were run with efficiency, and slaveowners
rationed food and distributed basic clothing once or twice a year to field hands along
with work-related tools. Coke likely followed suit. What is less known is the extent to
which other material resources were provided. Are there differences in provisions that
might have had an impact on Coke’s enslaved household?
3. To what extent were Coke’s field hands able to participate in the consumer revolution
that characterized the period?
In terms of material possessions, Afro-Virginians came by goods through a
variety of means beyond provisioning. Individuals favored by slaveowners, usually
domestics and skilled laborers, received the occasional gift and hand-me-downs. For
the vast majority who were field hands, portable property came by barter, purchase,
and by creating what they needed. Of these, consumerism appears to account for
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�most of the artifacts recovered from sites, including refined earthenware ceramics,
wine bottles, and various small finds like buttons.
Previous studies have demonstrated that enslaved Virginians were active
participants in the consumer revolution that occurred during the latter part of the
eighteenth century (Breen 2013; Heath 2004; Galle 2006, 2010; Martin 2008).
Whatever they were able to acquire for themselves lessened the burden of upkeep for
slaveowners. Enslaved Virginians were expected to keep gardens (Heath and Bennett
2000), and with or without permission, regularly hunted or trapped game, and fished
(Crader 1990; Franklin 2004). In turn, they were integral to the local market economy
through selling produce, fowl, eggs, and fish. Moreover, some were allowed to hire
themselves out to earn cash. The expectation is that those on middling plantations
like Coke’s were also able to exploit opportunities to shop. If so, the Palace Lands
assemblage should include items often purchased by enslaved consumers, including
clothing-related items (Galle 2010; Heath 2004).
Remarks
To reiterate, many slave-related sites that archaeologists have investigated in Virginia
were once owned by wealthy planters. These slave quarters were often occupied for
decades as the land and its enslaved occupants were passed down to heirs who
continued to profit from the cash crops raised. By the second half of the eighteenth
century, multi-household communities composed of kin-related individuals typified
the social organization of satellite plantations. Yet, while the majority of those
enslaved belonged to these large holdings, middling plantations with as little as two
enslaved field hands were more common across Virginia’s landscape. John Coke’s
200-acre plantation, situated on what would become part of the park lands of the
Governor’s Palace, numbered among them. The excavation of the site where a sole
household resided for roughly 20 years provided an opportunity to consider what
domestic life entailed for them.
The research questions proposed are basic, exploratory ones: are there any
significant differences between enslaved household-related assemblages recovered
from Coke’s modest plantation versus those from large plantations? If so, are the
differences potentially related to variations in institutional and household tasks, and
the organization of those tasks, that might be tied to planter wealth? Were there
different acquisition patterns for resources, and if so, what are the implications?
Given that the material and social worlds are entwined and mutually constituting,
these lines of inquiry are an attempt to move towards an interpretation of how specific
external factors related to slavery influenced the materiality of everyday practice. We
know that enslaved experiences were heterogeneous, yet archaeological studies have
tended to focus on slave quarters that were part of large plantation holdings. Thus,
our understanding of cultural and social practices within enslaved communities may
be skewed. A comparative study of the Palace Lands assemblage with others
recovered from the Williamsburg area is attempted in Chapter 6 in order to address
this issue.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 17
�Field Methods and Data Recovery
Archaeologists conducted an open area excavation of the Palace Lands site
during the months of June and July in 1998 and 1999. For the Phase III data
recovery, a new grid system set at two-meter intervals was established over the project
area for horizontal control of feature excavations (Figure 2.1; see Chapter 4). The grid
point at 996N/1011E served as both the grid datum and the elevation datum. All grid
coordinates refer to the northwest corner of a unit.
Figure 2.1. Block excavation plan, Palace Lands site
The on-site recording of the excavations followed the procedures outlined by the
former Department of Archaeological Research’s Field Manual. All context records
related to the project were entered into the Re:Discovery database by former DAR staff,
and were also archived in DAACS (http://www.daacs.org/).
Excavation Units
Archaeological sites located in rural areas of the Tidewater are commonly sealed
with a layer of plowzone that must first be removed in order to find features. At the
Palace Lands site, excavators removed topsoil and plowzone together by shovel. The
layers were generally removed in 2 × 2 m excavation units, and assigned a context
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 18
�number. The protocol established for dryscreening plowzone at the site called for a 25
percent sample from a 1 × 1 m quadrant of a unit, but this protocol was adjusted at
times as the excavation progressed, mainly due to time constraints (see Chapter 4).
The plowzone was dryscreened through 1/4-inch mesh. Excavators recorded soil type,
texture, and color (based on Munsell soil color charts). The presence of animal bone,
coal/clinker, charcoal, brick, mortar, shell, and marl inclusions was recorded on
forms for each context.
In addition to the plowzone, excavators identified modern redeposited subsoil
layers and silt layers within some excavation units. These were removed by shovel.
Each stratum was distinguishable by color and texture from the plowzone and was
assigned separate context numbers.
Features
Features were excavated by trowel. All features were cross-sectioned and
recorded with a plan and profile drawing. In addition to the single plans of features,
an overall site plan was hand drawn in the field and updated as excavations
progressed. A post-excavation site plan was also drawn in the field. Each feature was
photographed in both black-and-white print film and color slide film prior to
excavation, during excavation (to capture profiles), and after excavation.
Vertical control of the excavation was kept with a TDS that was set up over the
elevation datum at 996N/1011E (see Figure 2.1). Elevations were recorded from the
top and bottom of each feature (see Chapter 4).
Every distinctive episode of fill encountered within a feature was assigned a new
context number. Soil inclusions, type, texture and Munsell color were recorded for
each context within a feature. For large features, including the sub-floor pit (F01) and
three ditches (F04, F05 and F06), a single deposit was often assigned multiple context
numbers that coordinated with the various cross-sections of that deposit. In these
instances, DAACS has assigned the context numbers associated with the same deposit
with a Stratigraphic Group (SG) designation. The feature tables in Chapter 4 provide a
summary list of all contexts and stratigraphic groups.
In general, feature fill was dryscreened through 1/4-inch mesh and flotation
samples were collected from each deposit of fill (see “Flotation Samples” below).
Although wetscreening was not a standard DAR field procedure, contexts within three
major features were selected for wetscreening in order to aid in the recovery of small
finds, microfauna and charred botanical remains (Appendix A). Since wetscreening is
time-consuming, and since flotation samples were routinely collected from each
feature deposit, excavators were selective in determining which deposits to wetscreen.
Only those with ash or charcoal present, or those with a relatively high number of
visible artifacts were wetscreened. Wetscreening was done on site through 1/16-inch
wire mesh screens. Initially, a 10- to 20-liter sample from the first half of the context
cross sectioned and excavated was wetscreened. If the results were poor (in terms of
the number of finds recovered), excavators reverted to dryscreening.
Four of the deposits within the sub-floor pit (F01) had a high density of
artifacts. The earliest deposit of this feature had heavy concentrations of charcoal and
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 19
�ash. After flotation samples were collected from each deposit, the remainder of the
fills was wetscreened (see Appendix A). For one ditch, F04, excavators wetscreened
portions of five of the deposits. A sample of only one deposit was wetscreened within
the last major feature selected for wetscreening (F05). The fourth major feature (F06),
a third ditch, was excavated towards the end of the last field season. Due to time
constraints, none of the fill from this feature was wetscreened.
Sampling Protocols
The DAR established standard procedures for collecting environmental and soil
samples, and these were outlined in the DAR Field Manual.
Soil Chemistry Samples
Soil chemistry samples were collected from multiple deposits within the three
ditches (F04, F05 and F06) and from postholes along both the north and south
fencelines (Appendix B). The samples were collected in boxes obtained from the Soil
Conservation Service at Virginia Polytechnic Institute for future analysis of soil
chemistry and pH value.
Phytolith and Pollen Samples
The analyses of phytoliths and pollen can aid in historic landscape studies by
helping researchers to discern broad vegetation patterns and land-use strategies over
time (Kelso 1991:2). Although the Palace Lands project did not include phytolith or
pollen analysis as part of its research agenda, samples were collected in anticipation
that future researchers might make use of the data.
Two methods for collecting samples were employed at the site: column sampling
and horizontal sampling (Piperno 1988:110-113). Column samples are taken from
wall profiles with clearly-defined strata, and are usually collected from a test pit or
trench. Horizontal sampling involves the collection of small samples, or “pinches”,
from within and outside of features, from ceramics, living surfaces, etc. All samples
were collected using sterilized trowels and cups. Samples were placed in plastic bags
that were sealed and then stored at the archaeology lab.
At the Palace Lands site, excavators collected samples from modern surface
areas, plowzone contexts both near and away from features, and from feature fill.
Modern control samples were taken from the surface areas of ten test units that were
located along transects that led away from the excavation to the north and west
(Appendix C). Unlike the area of site excavation, the test units were located in areas
that were away from site activities and not cleared of vegetation. Of the ten samples
from these units, two were column samples. The column samples were taken
following the natural strata, and at ten-centimeter intervals within strata that were
deeper than 10 cm. Samples were also collected from the plowzone layer from 2 × 2 m
units along two transects at 992N and at 1001E across the general excavation unit.
Samples were also taken from plowzone contexts 241 and 246. The samples from
contexts 158, 160, 161 and 180 along 992N are questionable, however, since recent
construction activities disturbed the layers from which the samples were taken.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 20
�Finally, samples were collected from the fill within site features (see Appendix C). All
of the samples from within features were taken from discrete deposits and care was
exercised in not mixing the samples between deposits. From within the sub-floor pit
(F01) and two ditches (F05 and F06), excavators sampled every deposit of fill. From
within the remaining ditch (F04), only three deposits were not sampled. One was a
concentration of oyster shells (context 30, SG05) and another was a deposit of
architectural debris (context 40, SG06)). Both of these deposits rested on top of the
ditch. The third deposit, a silt layer (SG08), was too thin to sample. Along the two
fencelines identified at the site, a selection of posthole and postmold fills were
sampled.
Flotation Samples
The DAR’s standard flotation sampling protocol was to obtain a 10-liter soil
sample from undisturbed layers and feature deposits. We collected samples that
exceeded the 10-liter minimum from nine out of the fifteen feature deposits sampled
from within the sub-floor pit (F01) and the three ditches (F04, F05 and F06; Appendix
D). Flotation samples were not collected from the postholes.
Soil samples were processed at the archaeology lab using a Flote-Tech flotation
device equipped with fine, medium, and coarse screens. The processed samples were
divided into light and heavy fractions. Upon identification, charred seeds, faunal
remains, and small finds were isolated and removed for identification.
Artifacts and Ecofacts
Nearly all of the finds identified in the field were bagged. In dealing with oyster
shells, the standard procedure for the DAR was to collect only shells with whole or
partial valves in order to determine season of harvest, salinity regime and site
catchment areas. The rest of the shell fragments, along with brick fragments, were
discarded after excavators noted their presence on field context forms.
All artifacts were processed at the archaeology lab and were catalogued in
Re:Discovery. Objects requiring conservation were sent to the CW Curation
Department for treatment. A partial assemblage of the ceramics and glass was set
aside for crossmend analysis. These included the ceramics recovered from contexts
within the cellar (F01), two ditches (F04 and F06), and seven postholes (F11, F13-F15,
F17, F18 and F20) along the portion of the north fenceline that was adjacent to F04.
The crossmending was conducted in order to assist in determining the depositional
history of the site’s features (see Chapter 4). Each unique ceramic or glass vessel was
assigned an object number (see Appendix E for a list of ceramic vessels). Since the
Palace Lands site was selected for inclusion in DAACS, the artifact assemblage was
eventually re-catalogued by archaeologists at Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello. The CW
object numbers for each vesselized sherd are indicated in the “Notes” entry of the
DAACS artifact query for ceramics. The DAACS staff also completed the crossmending
process, thus providing a minimum number of vessels count. Since DAACS object
numbers were not assigned to these vesselized sherds, the author assigned a unique
letter or dual letters (“a” through “z”, and “aa” through “ee”) to each vessel for the
purpose of writing this report (see Appendix E).
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Faunal remains were analyzed for the purpose of studying diet and subsistence
strategies. Zooarchaeologists Joanne Bowen and Steven Atkins supervised the
identification and analysis of micro- and macro-fauna. All faunal remains were
counted and weighed. Bones were identified down to species where possible, and NISP
(number of identified specimens) and biomass were determined for each taxa. The
faunal specimens were cataloged in DAACS.
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Chapter 3 – Historical context
Introduction
The history of the Palace Lands site is one that involves a succession of
landowners spanning two centuries, the last two royal governors of Virginia, Patrick
Henry and the Continental Army, and a group of enslaved Afro-Virginians who
managed to establish a home life on what was once an urban plantation. The
archaeological evidence indicates that the site was intensively occupied mainly during
the third quarter of the eighteenth century (see Chapter 4) when John Coke held deed
to the acreage. Coke owned the land from c. 1747-1767 and he probably kept a
plantation on it over this 20-year period. Upon his death, his son Samuel continued
to run the plantation until c. 1769. John Coke was not the average planter as he was
also a Williamsburg silver and goldsmith, and tavern owner. His middling plantation,
which consisted of 200 acres, undoubtedly provided him with additional income as he
died a man of some wealth.
Coke’s plantation would eventually be sold at auction and the land incorporated
into the Governor’s Palace Lands. The last two royal governors, Botetourt and
Dunmore, used the land for raising livestock and crops, and for felling trees for fuel.
With Dunmore’s unceremonious departure from Williamsburg in 1775, the Palace
Lands acreage was soon taken over by Patrick Henry, the newly-elected governor of the
state. The removal of the capitol to Richmond soon after left the property subject to a
number of land transactions that have been traced up until the early twentieth
century.
This chapter summarizes the historical sources related to the Palace Lands site.
Most of the sources concern land transactions dating from 1704 to 1904. Yet there is
also information regarding the slaveholdings of John Coke and the last two royal
governors that is pertinent to determining who may have lived at the site.
Unfortunately, very little has been gained from the historical record about the
enslaved Virginians themselves. Whatever else can be learned about the AfroVirginians who lived at the Palace Lands site must be derived from the archaeological
record.
Slavery in Williamsburg
The location of the Palace Lands site, and its connections to John Coke and the
last two royal governors, places it within the context of urban slavery in Williamsburg
where enslaved blacks were commonplace. During the mid-eighteenth century,
roughly half of Williamsburg’s population was of African descent (Tate 1965:55).
Blacks accounted for 52.4 percent of Williamsburg’s populace (n=1880) by 1775 (Willis
et al. 1998:586). Thad Tate (1965:50, 62) estimates that “easily five-sixths of the
families in Williamsburg owned at least a single slave” during the 1780s.
Unlike their counterparts who mostly toiled as field hands for wealthy planters
in rural areas beyond the capitol, the majority of Williamsburg’s enslaved population
served in a domestic capacity. There were also skilled and unskilled laborers who
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 23
�worked in the printing office and tanyard, on building projects, in taverns, as
shoemakers, butchers, carpenters and so on (Tate 1965:56-78; Willis et al. 1998). Yet
the enslaved Virginians who occupied the Palace Lands site were caught up in two
intertwined worlds. They would have been deeply familiar with the urban landscape,
and lived close enough to move about town frequently and with ease. They also very
likely maintained steadfast relations with friends and family in town. The rhythm of
their work lives, however, revolved around a schedule and labor regime to which the
majority of enslaved Virginians, who were field hands, were also accustomed.
Prior to the establishment of Coke’s plantation, the Palace Lands site first
appears in the historical record as part of a 300-acre lot in 1704. It changed hands a
number of times over the next two centuries, and the parcel shifted in acreage along
the way (Table 3.1). Most of the deed holders were well-to-do, if not wealthy. Almost
all of them also owned houses in town, an indication that the Palace Lands parcel did
not serve as their residence. Although it is unclear how every landowner made use of
the land, the most likely explanation, based upon the landscape features and its few
documented uses, is that for two-hundred years the property was mainly used for
farming and pasturage, and the trees felled for fuel.
Table 3.1
Landowners, York County Tract 595A, 1704-1904
Size of
Tract
300 acres
200 acres
364 acres
<165
acres
200 acres
200 acres
200 acres
300 acres
293 acres
Landowner Name
Mary Whaley
John Custis
William Robertson
Elizabeth Robertson Lidderdale and John
Lidderdale
John Baskerville
John Coke
Samuel Coke
Governor’s Palace Lands
College of William and Mary
Edmund Randolph
College of William and Mary
Rev. Dr. Samuel Smith McCroskey
Robert Saunders, Sr.
William Browne (deeded by Saunders, Sr.)
Robert Saunders, Jr. (inherited from Saunders, Sr.)
John and Amanda Gregory
Samuel S. Griffin
Dr. Robert M. Garrett
Dr. Van F. Garrett
Southern Land Company
Palace Lands Archaeology
Years of
Ownership
1704-1737
1737
1737-1739
1739-1742
c. 1742-1747
c. 1747-1767
1767-1769
c. 1769-1784
1784-1786
1786-1790
1790
1790-1816
1816-1835
c.1825-?
1835-1838
1838-1841
1841 to some
time prior to
1866
Pre-1866 to 1883
1883-1904
1904
Page 24
�Whaley’s “Old Field”: c. 1704-1747
The Palace Lands site is located on land that is linked to a series of property
transactions that can be traced back to 1704 (see Table 3.1). In that year, Mary Page
Whaley, widow of James Whaley (d. 1701), was recorded in the York County rent roll
as owning 500 acres in Bruton Parish on both sides of Capitol Landing Road (YCP-RR
1704; Figure 3.1). Her property was divided into two parcels. One was a 300-acre lot
that the road to Capitol Landing passed through (see “595A”, Figure 3.1). The Palace
Lands site is situated on what was the southern portion of this lot (see Figure 3.1).
The second parcel was 200 acres in size and adjoined the first lot to the east (see
“595C”, Figure 3.1).
Figure 3.1. York County rent roll tract map, tracts 595A and 595C, 1704
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 25
�Mary Whaley divided and sold portions of her property between 1707 and 1737
(Whaley, Mary, WPF; Figure 3.2). The Whaleys apparently resided on the larger lot
(tract 595A) as a 1707 deed of the 200-acre lot (tract 595C; see Figure 3.2) to John
Page describes tract 595A as “the plantation where James Whaley lived and Mary
Whaley now lives” (Whaley, Mary, YCP-BF, M 1797, reel 93; Whaley to Page, YCDB
1701-1713, vol. 2, pp. 235-236, M-1.13). In 1711-1712, Whaley sold unspecified
acreage of the northern portion of her remaining 300-acre parcel (tract 595A; see
Figure 3.2) to David Bray (Whaley to Bray, YCDB 1701-1713, vol. 2, pp. 381-382, M1.13). The parcel must have been less than 100 acres as she apparently retained
some marshland on Queen’s Creek adjacent to Capitol Landing (also known as Queen
Mary’s Port; see Figure 3.1) that she eventually sold (see below). The land deeded to
Bray, which was also bounded by Queen’s Creek and Capitol Landing, passed through
several owners before becoming the possession of Benjamin Powell in 1774 (York
County Project summary cards, tract 595A). Unlike the remaining 200 acres (of tract
595A), the portion sold to Bray was never incorporated into the Palace Lands.
Figure 3.2. York County land transactions, tracts 595A and 595C, c. 1711-1737
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 26
�Whaley held on to her 200 acres and the parcel of marshland at Capitol
Landing for some time. She was residing in England by the time she began dealings
with John Custis over her property. Custis was a prominent figure in Williamsburg.
He was a member of the House of Burgesses and served on the governor’s Council,
and he was also a wealthy slaveowner. His son’s widow, Martha Dandridge Custis,
later married George Washington. In 1736, Custis came close to purchasing Whaley’s
land which adjoined his 200 acres (see Figure 3.2). In a letter dated that year to
Robert Cary, his London merchant, he asked Cary to inform Whaley that her agent
(Edward Jacquelin) had agreed to sell the land to him (Custis 2005:169-170).
Apparently, the deal fell through. In an irate letter penned in 1737, Custis (2005:185186) wrote to Whaley:
I am informd that one Matt Moody and Martha Booker have writ to you a
thousand lies diswadeing you not to let me have your land, the truth is this they
both keep ordinarys close upon your Land; and have done it very great dammage
by Keeping their stock on it especially hogs wch roots up your Marsh and will
make it good for nothing…the house you formerly lived is tore to peices and most
of it carryd away and burnt…I should never have troubled my self about your
Land; since you formerly denyd me, if you had not by Mr Jacquelin made me an
offer of it; and unless someone has it that lives near it, it will soon be ruind—
those 2 sorry people will never bee able to purchase it of it; nor indeed they Can
have no reason to buy it; wn they have the full use of it for their stocks and
fireing without paying a farthing…
Custis’ remarks referred to one Mathew Moody who was appointed ferry keeper
in 1734 at Capitol Landing, a busy site of trade and tobacco shipping during the
colonial period (Bullock 1930). He also operated a tavern at the landing and owned
lots in the adjacent area (Metz et al. 1998:100), though it seems he preferred to allow
his livestock to roam on Whaley’s marshland. Custis’ letter clearly had its intended
effect. Whaley sold the southern half of her 200 acres, referred to as Whaley’s “Old
Field”, plus the marshland to John Custis for ₤100 on September 13, 1737 (Tyler
1895:7; YCP-RR, tract 595A, card III; Whaley, Mary, YCP-BF, M 1797, reel 93; Whaley
to Custis, YCDB 1729-1740, no. 4, pp. 473-475, M-1.14). Excluded from the
transaction was a ten-acre parcel located in the southeast corner of the land (see
Figure 3.2). Whaley founded Matthew’s School House (also known as “Mattey’s
School”) at this location in honor of the Whaleys’ only child who died in 1705 at the
age of nine years. The charity school was established for the “neediest children” of the
parish and operated well into the twentieth century (Tyler 1895).
Although a deed for the transaction has not been found, there is other evidence
which indicates that Custis purchased not just 100 acres from Whaley, but the
entirety of Whaley’s land (see Figure 3.2). In his correspondence to Cary in 1738,
Custis (2005:1989) wrote that he “kept the Land but 4 days.” Custis sold Whaley’s
100 acres and another parcel of land, presumably the adjacent 100 acres also formerly
of Whaley’s, to a William Robertson. The transaction was recorded on January 29,
1737, nearly eight months prior to the date of Whaley’s deed to Custis (Custis, John,
YCP-BF, M1797, reel 24; YCP-RR, tract 595A, card III; Lidderdale to Baskerville, YCDB
1741-1754, no. 5, pp. 44-51, M-1.14). Custis proved to be a shrewd businessman as
he noted further in his letter to Cary that he sold Whaley’s “high Land” for the same
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 27
�amount that he paid for it plus the “marsh.” Custis (2005:189) gleefully stated, “the
high Land I was never fond of, the Marsh was all I then wanted wch I have got clear, or
as good…I am now in possession of all I desired almost for A song.” The marsh was
the very same land that Moody and Booker used indiscriminately for pasturage. It
consisted of 16½ acres on Queen’s Creek adjoining Capitol Landing, the site where
Moody operated the ferry and his ordinary (see Figure 3.2). The land was eventually
deeded to Mathew Moody by John Custis in 1748-1749 (Custis to Moody, YCDB 17411754, no. 5, pp. 272-274, M-1.14). The deed describes the lot as “that piece or parcel
of Marsh commonly called Whaley’s Marsh” and as “all the marsh land which the said
John Custis purchased of Mary Whaley”.
William Robertson, a clerk of the governor’s Council, owned the 200-acre lot
purchased from Custis for two years before his death in 1739. He willed the property
to his daughter Elizabeth, the wife of John Lidderdale (YCP-RR, tract 595A, card III;
Lidderdale to Baskerville, YCDB 1741-1754, no. 5, pp. 44-51, M-1.14). Lidderdale was
a merchant who also sold enslaved Africans (Goodwin 1951:3). In 1742-1743,
Lidderdale sold the property to a bricklayer by the name of John Baskerville. The deed
of sale conveyed 200 acres on both sides of Capitol Landing Road, and the bounds of
the property described in the deed clearly indicate that it was the 200 acres once
owned by Mary Whaley (Lidderdale to Baskerville, YCDB 1741-1754, no. 5, pp. 44-51,
M-1.14). Baskerville may have established a plantation on the land. He placed an ad
in the Virginia Gazette (January 9, 1746, p. 4, William Parks) asking for the owner to
come and claim a cow and its calf that had both strayed “to the Subscriber’s
Plantation, near Williamsburg.” Since there is no evidence in the York County records
that Baskerville was a slaveowner, he likely lived at the plantation and worked the
land himself or with hired laborers.
It is not certain when Baskerville released the land since records concerning its
sale have not been found, nor have his will or estate inventory. Yet other property
transactions concerning parcels adjacent to the 200-acre lot provide evidence which
demonstrate that John Coke owned the property by August 17, 1747. A deed for this
date conveys 52 acres of land from Benjamin Waller to James Keith (YCDB 17411754, no. 5, pp. 212-216, M-1.14; Figure 3.3). The deed describes the land as
bounded by “Mr. Coke’s Line” and has a sketch showing the 52 acres (see Figure 3.3)
with “Mr. Coke’s Land” indicated for the property to the north which is the 200-acre
lot in question. (Waller’s 52 acres would eventually be purchased in 1768 by the
Council from Lt. Gov. Fauquier’s estate and incorporated into the Palace Lands as
discussed below.) Subsequent deeds concerning land bordering the 200-acre parcel
all mention Coke’s land in defining the lot boundaries (Custis to Moody, February 21,
1748-1749, YCDB 1741-1754, no. 5, pp. 272-274, M-1.14; Moody to Cobbs, April 24,
1750, YCDB, 1741-1754, no. 5, pp. 370-371, M-1.14; Moody to Fauquier, July 11,
1760, YCDB 1755-1763, no. 6, pp. 249-251, M-1.15). It was during the period that
John Coke owned the land that habitation of the site excavated at the Palace Lands
took place.
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Figure 3.3. York County, tracts 474B, 595A and 595C, 1747
John Coke’s Plantation: c. 1747-1769
John Coke immigrated to Virginia in 1724 when he was twenty-years old. A
native of Derbyshire, England, Coke was a silver and goldsmith (Bullock 1931; Daniel
1946:11). He married a woman named Sarah Hoge and they had three sons, one of
whom died in infancy (Stephenson 1990[1953]:17). The two surviving sons were
named Samuel and Robey (or Robie; WMQ 1898:127). By 1740, Coke owned a house
and outbuildings on three contiguous lots (CW Block 27, colonial lots 281, 282 and
361) on Nicholson Street off Capitol Square and adjacent to the Public Goal
(Buchanan 1961:2; Figure 3.4). It is at this location where the Cokes operated a
tavern. In addition to purchasing the 200-acre lot by 1747, Coke acquired the two lots
(CW Block 27, colonial lots 279 and 280) adjacent to his own in town on February 5,
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�1755 (Bullock 1931; see Figure 3.4). The Cokes’ former residence, now known as the
Coke-Garrett House, still stands in the Historic Area of Colonial Williamsburg.
Figure 3.4. John Coke’s plantation and Williamsburg property, c. 1747-1767
Coke was a man of means by the time of his death in 1767, the year his will
was probated. He was not only a silver and goldsmith and tavern keeper, but he also
kept a plantation upon the 200 acres he purchased some twenty years before his
passing. Although he was a tradesman, Coke’s prosperity is evident in the amount of
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Page 30
�movable wealth he possessed and this without doubt elevated his social standing. In
their research on the standard of living in the colonial Chesapeake, historians Lois
Carr and Lorena Walsh (1988:142) reckoned that those considered “rich” owned more
than ₤225 of movable wealth, with enslaved blacks and livestock accounting for the
bulk of this property. Moreover, individuals worth more than ₤490 were in the top 5
to 10 percent of the wealthholders (Carr and Walsh 1988:138). Coke’s estate, not
including his plantation or town property, was worth just over ₤772 (Appendix F), an
amount that clearly put him above the majority of his peers in terms of wealth. A
number of his possessions also suggest that Coke had aspirations of gentility. Carr
and Walsh (1988:143) noted the kinds of luxury items (amenities index) and objects
needed to provide “comfort and cleanliness” (modern index) typically found among the
inventories of the wealthy, which serve as a measure of gentility that even middling
planters aspired to. Coke owned seven of the 12 items listed in the amenities index,
including table knives and forks, bed linen, books, and coarse earthenware. He
possessed 11 of the 12 items listed in the modern index, including chairs and tables, a
pot for boiling plus a means of preparing food using an alternative method (which in
this case included a fry pan, chafing dishes, a Dutch oven, and a cheese toaster),
interior lighting, a mattress, and bedstead. It is certain that a number of these items,
which in the case of beds, tables, chairs and tablewares were listed in multiple
numbers in Coke’s inventory, were used for his tavern. Still, Coke and his family were
undoubtedly privy to the same comforts as their paying guests.
According to his estate inventory, he owned nine enslaved blacks: five males
and four females (YCWI, 21, 1760-1771, pp. 381-385, M-1.11; see Appendix F). While
a number of them undoubtedly served his household and tavern, he kept the rest at
his nearby plantation since there is no evidence to suggest that he leased the land or
hired laborers to work the land. Moreover, when the plantation was put up for sale
(see below), several enslaved blacks were also advertised for sale. These were likely
the field hands that the family no longer had need of.
John Coke’s Slaveholding
John Coke’s probate inventory, dated February 15, 1768, lists the following
enslaved individuals and their values (listed below in the order that they appear in the
inventory; see Appendix F):
1 Negro Man Tom
Squire
Debdford
James
Phill
Lucy
Alice
Sylvia
Judith
40..0..0
40..0..0
55..0..0
55..0..0
55..0..0
40..0..0
10..0..0
50..0..0
25..0..0
The seven individuals valued at ₤40 to ₤55 were more than likely within or near
their prime years of age in terms of labor productivity, estimated by Lorena Walsh as
starting at age 18 and extending into their early 30s (Walsh 1997:300). The man
Squire is a case in point. His baptismal record for July of 1750 (Coke, John, YCP-BF,
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�M1797, reel 20) states that he was baptized as an adult which would have made him
around 36 years of age when he was inventoried. Since it was common practice to list
enslaved individuals in probates in the order of adult male, adult female, and children,
Alice, valued at ₤10, was probably well past her prime. Judith, who is listed last and
valued at ₤25, was probably a teen in 1768. Walsh (1997:301) noted that since
slaveowners purchased few Africans from the slave trade after 1740, enslaved blacks
born after that year were likely Virginia natives. If this holds true, most of Coke’s
enslaved Virginians (including Debdford, James, Phill, Sylvia and Judith) were most
likely native-born.
Historical records indicate that Coke owned at least two other individuals
besides the ones listed in his probate. One source for an infant named William reveals
that he was born on January 20, 1748/1749 and baptized on February 5, 1748/1749
(Coke, John, YCP-BF, M1797, reel 20). Another enslaved male is referred to in a
document dated on July 19, 1762, as “His old negro man Ralph for reasons appearing
to the c[our]t was set levy free” (Coke, John, YCP-BF, M1797, reel 20). Since neither
William nor Ralph appear in Coke’s probate, they were either sold or died during
Coke’s lifetime.
Coke’s slaveholding at the time of his passing of nine enslaved blacks was
relatively large for Williamsburg. Although five-sixths of the families owned slaves in
town, a large percentage of the slaveowners were of more modest means who owned
one or two individuals (Tate 1965:55). In his study of Williamsburg’s slaveholdings for
1782, Michael Nicholls’ (1990) provided an idea of what the average slaveholding
consisted of prior to the Revolution. He estimated that 74.4 percent of Williamsburg’s
households owned between one to six slaves. Just over a quarter of the households
owned seven or more. Rather than simply suggesting that Coke was wealthier than
many of his neighbors, these numbers indicate that he needed enslaved labor for other
than domestic service, the work performed by most of the town’s enslaved population.
Work at Coke’s plantation, as on others, consisted of raising livestock and
crops, and felling trees for fuel. Coke’s estate included 24 head of cattle and 10
calves, oxen, and one sow (see Appendix F). He also owned five horses, several of
which may have been kept at the plantation. Work-related tools listed in his inventory
include six axes, seven hoes, three spades and a pair of sheep shears. Where the
inventory was partially torn, there is also an entry for “79 barrels of” valued at ₤35.
Presumably, the barrels held a cash crop that was raised at the plantation.
With regard to the management of the plantation, there are no sources that
refer to Coke’s hiring of an overseer. Since the plantation was located so close to his
residence (see Figure 3.4), Coke or his sons more than likely supervised the work of
the enslaved Virginians who lived there.
The Transfer of John Coke’s Estate
In his 1764 will (YCWI, 21, 1760-1771, pp. 366b-368, M-1.11), proved on
November 16, 1767, Coke left instructions to divide his property between his two
surviving sons and his wife. To his son Samuel, also a silversmith, he willed “my
plantation containing 200 acres, more or less, lying on both sides of the Main Road
which leads from the city of Williamsburg down to the Capitol Landing commonly
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 32
�called Queen Mary’s Port, to him and his heirs forever.” Samuel also inherited “one
Mulatto Man named Charles” whose name does not appear in Coke’s estate inventory.
It is possible that Charles was given to Samuel, sold to someone else, or died within
the three-year interim from the will’s creation to the date of its execution. Coke left to
his son Robey, a wheelwright and house joiner (Willis et al. 1998:416), “all the houses
and 5 lots or half acres of ground whereon I now live in the City of Williamsburg” (see
Figure 3.4). Robey also inherited two individuals, Phillip and Sylvia. Sarah received
what remained of Coke’s estate which would have included the majority of his
enslaved blacks. Yet she paid taxes on Phillip and Sylvia, in 1783 and 1784, which
suggests that she had sold her own enslaved laborers sometime prior. Sarah
undoubtedly used the two to help her run the tavern which she continued to operate
after her husband’s death. Interestingly, Phillip’s name appears in a document that
indicates he had a run in with the law. Not long after Coke’s death, Phillip and Lewis
(who belonged to one William Pearson) were accused of breaking into a house and
stealing ten gallons of liquor, a pot of sweetmeat, and ten pounds of soap (Coke, John,
February 12, 1768, OB 1765-1768, p. 433, YCP-BF M1797, reel 126).
In just over a year after inheriting his father’s plantation, Samuel was ready to
unload it. Samuel and his mother placed an ad in the Virginia Gazette to announce
the auction of Coke’s plantation that is telling. It reveals that Samuel continued to
operate the plantation as his father had by raising livestock and cash crops. It also
indicates that in selling or renting the plantation, the Cokes no longer needed several
of their slaves who were also put up for auction along with the livestock. The Cokes’
ad ran on January 12, 1769 (p. 4, Purdie & Dixon):
To be SOLD by publick auction, on Thursday the 2d of FEBRUARY next, at the
late dwelling-house of JOHN COKE, deceased, in Williamsburg, ALL his
HOUSEHOLD & KITCHEN FURNITURE, several valuable SLAVES, with the
stocks of CATTLE, HORSES, and SHEEP; also a quantity of CORN and
FODDER. At the same time will be sold, or rented, a plantation lying on both
sides of the road to the Capitol landing, containing upwards of 200 acres; it is
exceeding good land, and in order for cropping. Credit will be allowed for all
sums above five pounds until the 20th of October next, the purchasers giving
bond and security to
SARAH COKE, Executrix.
SAMUEL COKE, Executor.
The HOUSES in Williamsburg will be rented at the same time, on reasonable
terms.
In all likelihood, the Council purchased the 200-acre plantation from Samuel at
auction in 1769. Even though there are no records concerning such a transaction,
there is one source that suggests that part of the land may have been leased by the
Council for Governor Botetourt’s use by 1768, and a second source that demonstrates
that the land was certainly part of the Palace Lands by 1773. An ad placed in the
Virginia Gazette on December 29, 1768 (p. 3, William Rind), and again on January 5,
1769, announces the sale of 100 acres of land “within a mile of the city of
Williamsburg, adjoining his excellency the Governor’s pasture, the lands of John Coke
[emphasis added], and Daniel Parke Custis, Esq., deceased, and Queen’s Creek.” The
land for sale was part of the estate of the late Lawson Burfoot (Figure 3.5). It was
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 33
�formerly the northern part of Mary Whaley’s 300-acre lot situated at Capitol Landing
and sold to David Bray in 1711-1712 (see Figure 3.2). Since the ad mentions that the
land abutted both John Coke’s land and Governor Botetourt’s pasture, it may be that
Samuel, or his father, had leased a portion of the plantation land to the Council. The
other lots adjoining Burfoot’s 100 acres included land set aside for the county’s Poor
House and parcels owned by Benjamin Waller and John Parke Custis. These lots were
never incorporated with the Palace Lands (see Figure 3.5).
Figure 3.5. York County tract map, 1768
If the Council rented pasturage from the Cokes, they likely followed through
with purchasing the plantation in 1769. Samuel Coke’s actions at the time disclose
that he was ready to move on to another line of work. In the very same issue of the
Virginia Gazette that the Cokes’ notice for the auction appeared, Samuel placed an
additional ad (January 12, 1769, p. 3, Purdie & Dixon) looking to hire someone who
could build a mill and mill house. The work was eventually completed as Samuel
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 34
�would later advertise for a miller for his gristmill, known as Coke’s Mill (Virginia
Gazette, January 30, 1772, p. 3, Purdie & Dixon). On February 1, 1770, Samuel
announced that he had rented Burwell’s Ferry along with the house and was open for
business (Virginia Gazette, February 15, 1770, p. 4, Purdie & Dixon). Burwell’s Ferry
was located on the James River at some distance from town. The implication of
Samuel’s dealings is that he sold his plantation in 1769, or very soon after, and
successfully managed to shift occupations from planter to ferry keeper and mill owner.
Samuel Coke was deceased by November 18, 1773. His widow, Judith, placed an ad
in the Virginia Gazette that ran on this date to notify the public of the sale of Samuel’s
estate which did not include his plantation (November 18, 1773, p. 2, Purdie & Dixon).
Coke’s plantation was part of the Palace Lands by June 10, 1773. In a deed
dated to that year the 100 acres formerly of Lawson Burfoot’s estate (see Figure 3.5)
transferred from John Ferguson to John Tazewell. This time the land is described as
“bounded by the Governor’s Land,” the acreage formerly owned by Samuel Coke
(Ferguson to Tazewell, YCDB 1769-1773, vol. 8, pp. 343-347, 400-403, M-1.16).
Thus, as early as February of 1769 but definitely by June of 1773, the Palace Lands
property included Coke’s plantation.
The Governor’s Palace Lands: c. 1769-1776
The beginning of the occupation span of the Palace Lands site dates to John
Coke’s ownership of the land where he, and then his son Samuel, operated a
plantation. The archaeological evidence indicates that habitation continued near the
site following the auction of the plantation in 1769 as a small number of late
eighteenth-century to early nineteenth-century ceramics were recovered from the site.
It is very unlikely that Samuel or Sarah Coke sold the enslaved blacks who resided at
the site to Botetourt and that they continued to live there and work the land. There
are no records of such a sale, and no matches exist between the names of slaves listed
in John Coke’s 1768 inventory with those listed in Botetourt’s 1770 inventory
(Department of Research 1930:198).
The historical record is not definitive with regard to when Coke’s plantation was
incorporated into the Palace Lands. What is likely is that the Council leased a portion
of Coke’s plantation as early as 1768, and it is certain that between 1769 and 1773
the plantation became part of the Palace Lands. With this event, the Palace Lands site
became entangled with the history of the Governor’s Palace and the last two royal
governors of Virginia, both of whom were slaveowners.
The governors of colonial Virginia enjoyed the use of a landed estate that served
as a residence, a means to support their households, and as a way to earn revenue
through leasing land to tenants (Gibbs 1980:1). As early as 1618, the Virginia
Company apportioned 3,000 acres near Jamestown for Governor George Yeardley’s
use. He and his successors received rents from this land up until the Revolution
(Gibbs 1980). Just after the capitol moved to Middle Plantation (the early precursor to
Williamsburg), the Council purchased a 75-acre tract in c. 1700 for the governor’s
residence (Gibbs 1980:2). Sixty-three acres of the tract were located in York County
(see Figure 3.1) and 12 acres were situated within the city bounds. The Governor’s
Palace was built upon this lot and ready for occupation by 1715 (Hood 1991:38).
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 35
�In 1758, Lt. Gov. Francis Fauquier arrived in Virginia with his wife and son and
took up residence in the Governor’s Palace. Fauquier purchased two lots adjoining the
Palace Lands in 1760 (Gibbs 1980:3). The first purchase was of a 52-acre lot from
John Ferguson for ₤250 (Ferguson to Fauquier, February 18, 1760, YCDB 1755-1763,
no. 6, pp. 226-230, M-1.15). The second was for a 35-acre improved lot sold to
Fauquier by Mathew Moody for ₤70. According to the deed, the property held
“Moody’s cornfield” and one or more houses (Moody to Fauquier, July 11, 1760, YCDB
1755-1763, no. 6, pp. 249-251, M-1.15). Both lots, totaling 87 acres, were bounded to
the north by John Coke’s plantation. Fauquier died at the Palace in 1768, and his 87
acres were subsequently sold to the Council (see Figure 3.5) which increased the size
of the Palace Lands to about 162 acres (Gibbs 1980:3; Hillman 1966:288-289).
Norborne Berkeley, Baron de Botetourt, would step ashore in Virginia in 1768
as the first full governor to have done so in sixty years (Hood 1991:12). Botetourt was
clearly impressed with his accommodations, as he wrote to the Earl of Hillsborough:
“My house is in admirable order, the ground behind it much broke, well-planted, and
water’d by beautiful Rills; and the whole in every respect just as I could wish” (Hood
1991:71). Botetourt’s tenure as governor, however, was short lived as he died in 1770.
His replacement, John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, was the last royal governor.
Dunmore began his residency at the Governor’s Palace in 1771 and ended it abruptly
when he fled the city four years later.
The Palace Park
With the Council’s purchase of the 200-acre lot formerly owned by the Cokes,
the Palace Lands increased to 364 acres in size (Figure 3.6; see Table 3.1). The land
was referred to as the “Palace Land” by the mid-nineteenth century, and it remained
as a 364-acre parcel at least until 1816. Prior to its demise in 1781, the Georgian
manor house and formal gardens were the property’s visual focal points.
Contemporary observers often mentioned the stately elegance of the Palace, although
most wrote slightly kinder memoirs of Williamsburg than the following eyewitness did
in 1736 (Department of Research 1930:123): “Williamsburg is a most wretched
contriv'd affair... There is nothing considerable in it, but the College, the Governor's
House, and one or two more, which are no bad Piles...” The rest of the Palace property
was divided into specific utilitarian areas that served to support the governors’
households. Patricia Gibbs’ (1980) research on the Palace Lands estate provides the
best account for how the land was used from c. 1769-1775.
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Figure 3.6. The Governor’s Palace Lands, c. 1769-1816
Gibbs (1980) noted that the Palace Lands was partitioned into a number of
subdivisions including those close to the Palace which included the kitchen yard,
kitchen garden and orchard, stable yard, and formal garden and canal. Indentured
servants and enslaved blacks worked and resided in the various outbuildings
surrounding the Palace. The property also consisted of what eighteenth-century
observers referred to as the “park” (Gibbs 1980:5). The park included the pastures
and meadows, arable land, and woodland located in the hinterlands of the Palace
property (see Figure 3.6). The 200-acre lot formerly of John Coke constituted the bulk
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�of the park, and the land was put to use as pasturage, for raising crops, and for
collecting firewood.
One of the main functions of the park was that of pasturage for the governors’
livestock. According to Gibbs (1980:23), the amount of pasturage needed by Fauquier,
Botetourt and Dunmore can be determined by the number of livestock each owned.
She estimated that Fauquier and Botetourt, based on the livestock listed in their
estate inventories, needed 50 and 63 acres of pasture grounds respectively. Dunmore,
however, required much more pasturage than his predecessors. In 1784, Dunmore
attempted to recoup the losses he sustained when he was forced to leave
Williamsburg. His schedule of losses (dated February 25, 1784) includes 154 head of
cattle “in the Park at Williamsburg,” 150 sheep, 13 coach and saddle horses, and four
colts (Hood 1991:298). Dunmore’s horses and livestock required 263 acres of
pasturage and it is doubtless that Coke’s former plantation served this need (Gibbs
1980:24).
Land set aside for pasturage needed to be cleared, and the same held for land
used for cultivation. Arable land within the bounds of the Palace park is indicated on
Desandroüins’ (1781) map of Williamsburg, and some of this acreage may have been
farmed (see Figure 3.6). The Cokes’ 1769 ad (see above) states that the plantation was
“good for cropping” and Gibbs (1980:26) observed that historical records associated
with Botetourt indicate that farming took place during his tenure as governor. Stores
inventoried in his outhouses include 23 bushels of Indian corn, 47½ bushels of oat,
and 23 bushels of English wheat. Botetourt’s inventory of his “park implements” also
lists a broad hoe and a grubbing hoe, three scythes, and clover and rye grass seeds
(Hood 1991:292).
Wooded acreage within the park served as fuel for the approximately 20
fireplaces within the Governor’s Palace and its outbuildings (Gibbs 1980:29).
Botetourt’s inventory of his “park implements” includes tools for logging: axes, wedges,
and a hand saw (Hood 1991:292). Fauquier, Botetourt and Dunmore all
supplemented their firewood with coal that they purchased. Botetourt and Dunmore
also required fuel to operate a forge. Botetourt brought over from England a
blacksmith named John Draper, and Dunmore hired one locally (Gibbs 1980:29; Willis
et al. 1998:355).
Slavery and Governors Botetourt and Dunmore
Gibbs research demonstrates that the Palace park played a crucial role in the
support of the governors’ households. The park was enlarged by 200 acres probably
during Botetourt’s reign as governor (1768-1770). It was enslaved blacks who were
put to work in this new addition to the park to cut firewood, and to raise livestock and
crops.
Botetourt arrived in Williamsburg with twelve indentured servants. A letter
from William Nelson to the Duke of Beaufort (Hood 1991:230) declares, “His Lordship
brought over with him a good many white Servants, and, after a short Trial, found it
convenient to purchase and hire Negroes to assist in the business of his Family, and
do the Drudgery without Doors.” The “short Trial” was short indeed. He purchased
one woman, Hannah, from the estate of Lt. Gov. Fauquier sight unseen, and paid for
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 38
�her six days after arriving in Virginia (Hood 1991:231; Willis et al. 1998:351).
Botetourt eventually owned three men and four women, one with a child (Hood
1991:231). Those forced to “do the Drudgery without Doors” within the park, whether
owned or hired, were under the supervision of land steward Silas Blandford, one of
Botetourt’s indentured servants (Willis et al. 1998:350-351, 355).
Lord Dunmore’s slaveholding was much larger than that of his predecessor. He
owned enslaved blacks not only for the support of the Palace and his household,
which included his nine children, but to work on his three plantations. Between 1772
and 1773, Dunmore purchased Porto Bello and the Old Farm plantations in York
County, and a plantation in Berkeley County. Unfortunately, there are no historical
records that provide information on his enslaved Virginians, including how they were
distributed between the Palace and each of Dunmore’s plantations (Willis et al.
1998:356). Dunmore’s Loyalist Claim for his Virginia property includes documents
stating that he owned “57 Negroes” and the labor of “12 indented servants” when he
left the Palace (Willis et al. 1998:356-357).
Botetourt and Dunmore clearly had no problems acclimating to the institution
of slavery. Even Botetourt, who may have intended to keep an exclusively white
household staff, made a quick turnaround to slaveowner. Both men hired enslaved
blacks on a regular basis, including skilled laborers (Hood 1991:231). Dunmore must
have also hired them to work on his plantations, as he claimed that he kept “100 to
150 Negroes constantly at work upon the farm” (Willis et al. 1998:356). The kind of
work that was carried out within the Palace park was considered work suitable for the
enslaved. There are no records of Palace park land being leased to tenants (Gibbs
1980:27), and as Botetourt’s and Dunmore’s indentured servants were tradesmen and
domestics, it is safe to conclude that enslaved blacks were assigned to work within the
park.
The archaeological evidence indicates that the Palace Lands site was mainly
inhabited during the third quarter of the eighteenth century, a period that overlaps
with the tenures of both governors. It is not likely, however, that Botetourt’s enslaved
Virginians occupied the site. Botetourt owned a relatively small number of enslaved
blacks that included seven adults and one child. Yet it appears that they mostly
worked as domestics and that Botetourt’s staff hired enslaved blacks to labor in the
park (Willis et al. 1998:354). Dunmore, on the other hand, owned as many as 57
enslaved Virginians. Given his investment and interest in planting, and the number of
livestock he kept at the park, it is possible that several of his enslaved laborers resided
at the Palace Lands as early as 1771. Whether they took over residency of the
dwelling identified at the site, however, may never be known. There is no
archaeological evidence for this potential four-year site habitation that could be
discerned from that left behind by Coke’s enslaved blacks, particularly since the
occupation spans for each group would have been very close in time.
The Events of 1776
On July 12, 1775, Lord Dunmore wrote in distress from aboard the HMS
Fowey, which was anchored on the York River. His letter (Department of Research
1930:248) states: “…and they have taken possession of the Park/ a considerable piece
of land adjoining and belonging to the Governors house for their cavalry, wantonly
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�cutting and maiming my cattle which they found there.” Dunmore fled the Palace a
month before and sought refuge on the Fowey amidst a tide of revolutionary fervor
that left Williamsburg in turmoil and the governor as unpopular as ever. Dunmore’s
slaves and servants fled as well. The Virginia Gazette (July 14, 1775, p. 1, Alexander
Purdie) proclaimed: “All his Lordship’s domesticks have now left the palace, and are
gone, bag and baggage, to his farm at Porto Bello, about six miles from town.”
Patrick Henry was elected governor of the state of Virginia in June of 1776 and
arrived at the Governor’s Palace where he would reside for the next three years. The
Declaration of Independence was read at the Capitol, the courthouse, and at the
Palace in late July. Just days before, Henry apportioned 200 acres of the Palace park
for public use, which the Continental Army would soon occupy (Department of
Research 1930:256, 258). On August 6, 1776, Henry (Department of Research
1930:258) made the recommendation that barracks for the Continental Army should
be “built on that Part of the Park, which the governor lately gave up for the use of the
Troops.” The order was carried through by the Council of the State of Virginia in
September (Department of Research 1930:261). Humphrey Harwood was hired to
build the brick barracks, and his account book demonstrates that he spent time
between 1776 and 1779 in repairing them (HHAB 1776-1794, MS 33.01, folios 7 and
25).
Historical documents related to the Palace Lands for the years of the war
indicate that much of the drudgery associated with the upkeep of the Palace and the
surrounding grounds continued (Department of Research 1930). Enslaved blacks
were hired to work in the gardens and soldiers were ordered to look out for the cattle
and horses within the park and to ensure that the fences were in good order
(Department of Research 1930:250, 252, 261). As Dunmore’s belongings and enslaved
blacks were sold at auction, Henry ordered furnishings for the Palace. As late as
September 18, 1779, an account book records payment to John Fenton for “work in
ditchg & fencing the Public Pasture” (Department of Research 1930:270).
The Governor’s Palace burned to the ground in December of 1781. At the time,
the Palace housed sick and wounded soldiers. Although the cause of the fire remains
unknown, a letter penned to George Washington (Department of Research 1930:284)
states: “It is generally thought the fire was laid into the lower rooms, where no sick
were, by negroes or disaffected persons.”
Aftermath: c. 1784-1904
The College of William & Mary acquired the 364-acre Palace Lands tract
through an act of the General Assembly in 1784 (Department of Research 1930:290).
On June 15, 1785, and again on January 12, 1786, the College attempted to sell the
Palace Lands at auction (Department of Research 1930:290; Gibbs 1980:37). Edmund
Randolph owned title to the Palace Lands through an unrecorded transaction by 1786,
and he more than likely had purchased the land at the 1786 auction. Randolph
mortgaged the tract to Robert Greenhow, a Williamsburg merchant, in August of 1788
(Department of Research 1930:291). The land reverted back to the College in 1790
and was subsequently sold that June to the Rev. Dr. Samuel Smith McCroskey (Gibbs
1980:4-5).
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�The history of the Palace Lands during the nineteenth century revolves around
a succession of doctors, lawyers, and professors (see Table 3.1). Using the Palace
Lands Papers (PLP 1815-[1866]1904, M1552), a chain of title can be traced for this
century. Robert F. N. Smith administrated the estate of Rev. Dr. McCroskey in 1815
(Certificate of B. Upshur, Clerk, Northampton County Court, January 9, 1815, PLP,
M1552). Robert Saunders, Sr., acquired the tract including all buildings at auction
from the McCroskey estate for $1150 an acre in 1816 (Deed, McCroskey estate to
Saunders, April 4, 1816, PLP, M1552). Saunders sold one portion of the tract to
William Browne some time before 1825. This sale is evidenced by another deed dated
for December 17, 1825, between Richard T. Booker and William Browne. The deed
concerns lots in Williamsburg which describes the lots as bounded “on the north by
the land of William Browne called the Palace land” (Stephenson 1955:24). Saunders
evidently sold to Browne about 164 acres of the south portion of the Palace Lands
tract. Saunders willed the remaining 200 acres of the tract to his son Robert in 1835.
In 1833, Robert Saunders, Jr., was hired as a professor of mathematics at William &
Mary and in 1847 he became President pro tem. He also served as the head of the
Eastern State Lunatic Asylum prior to the Civil War (Tyler 1915:217).
Robert Saunders, Jr., sold his 200-acre portion of the Palace Lands plus an
additional lot referred to as “The Landing Field” to John and Amanda Gregory in 1838
for $3,000. The deed (Saunders to Gregory, June 20, 1838, PLP, M1552) describes the
York County lot as:
“…containing by estimation Two hundred acres be the same more or less, the same
being sold in the gross and not by the acre, and the same being all that portion of
the tract of land called ‘Palace Land’ together with that piece or parcel of land
called ‘The Landing Field’ in said county which was held by Robert Saunders
Senior the father of the granter at the time of his death, being all the said part of
the ‘Palace Land’ and ‘The Landing Field’ which was not sold by the said Robert
Saunders Senior to William Browne.”
John M. Gregory graduated from William & Mary with a law degree in 1830. He
served James City County in the House of Delegates until 1841 when he was elected
to the Council of State. He became lieutenant governor in 1842 and acting governor in
1843. Gregory was appointed a district attorney and then Circuit Court judge in
succeeding years. He retired from public service in 1880 and died in Williamsburg in
1888.
The Gregorys sold the Palace Lands for $3,300 to Dr. Samuel S. Griffin in July
1841 (Deed, Gregory to Griffin, July 10, 1841, PLP, M1552). Apparently, Dr. Griffin
conveyed the Palace Lands parcel to Dr. Robert M. Garrett prior to 1866 as a deed of
life interest for a house on the tract was acquired by Lovey T. Jackson from Dr.
Garrett in that year (receipt for payment, Jackson to Garrett, May 9, 1866, PLP,
M1552). Dr. Garrett was one of the Directors of the Eastern State Asylum and served
as President of pro tempore of its board during this time. Coincidentally, he also lived
in the house on Nicholson Street once occupied by John Coke that is referred to now
as the “Coke-Garrett house.”
The documentary evidence suggests that Dr. Garrett purchased 100 additional
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�acres of the Palace Lands for he owned 300 acres of farm land upon his death in c.
1883. Garrett willed to his son, Dr. Van F. Garrett, the 300 acres save for seven acres
which Van was to share with his three sisters. The will describes the property as, “the
farm of land attached to my present dwelling house in the City of Williamsburg,
containing about three hundred acres of land, be the same, more or less, except about
seven acres… as bounded on the North by the C. & O. Railroad, on the East by the
street leading to the Captol Landig [sic] Road to Queen's Creek on the Wist [sic] by the
lot of land belonging to W. W. Vest, and the jail lot and Dawson's lot and on the South
by the Street in front of my dwelling house” (Daniel 1946:19).
In 1904, the Southern Land Company purchased the Palace Lands (now called
Garrett Farm) from Dr. Van F. Garrett for $5,000 (C.B. Chapman to the Peninsula
Bank, August 9, 1904, PLP, M1552).
Concluding Remarks
The Palace Lands site sits on land with a chain of title that has been traced for
a period of two centuries. Situated in York County, the acreage was valuable for a
number of reasons. It was adjacent to Williamsburg, providing easy access to the
capitol city and its market economy. Capitol Landing Road, a major thoroughfare that
is still in use, passed through the property allowing for ease of travel and the transport
of goods. The road led to Capitol Landing on Queen’s Creek, a busy site of trade
during the eighteenth century. Most importantly, the acreage was good for farming
and pasturage, and the woodland provided fuel. All of these features of the land were
significant in the sense that they each contributed in some way towards generating
profit for the free white populace beginning with the landowner and extending to those
who lived in town and within the colony. Crops and livestock raised on the land
supported one’s household and were also sold or traded at market, or to various
townsfolk. Supplies needed to maintain the plantation were undoubtedly purchased
in town without difficulty. Goods shipped out could be effortlessly transported from
the plantation and the city via Capitol Landing Road to ships at the landing where
imported goods and enslaved Africans entered the colony for sale. For much of the
Palace Lands’ history, it was enslaved Africans and creoles who provided the bulk of
the labor to sustain these profitable enterprises.
A search of the archival records and secondary sources that might reveal
information concerning the enslaved Virginians who lived at the Palace Lands site has
not been completely exhaustive. There are always more documents to comb over for
any one project. Still, what has been uncovered about the Palace Lands site has led to
a commonplace and disappointing truth: there are far more records for colonial
Virginia’s wealthy whites than there are for its enslaved blacks. The documented
history of the site thus far is one that is overwhelming biased towards the men who
operated businesses in Williamsburg, planters, and the prominent politicians who
governed Virginia. The majority of these men were slaveowners. Very little has been
gained from the archives about the enslaved Virginians who lived at the site. Instead,
the historical record underscores the extent to which enslaved blacks were viewed as
property. The sources cited in this study of the site include probate inventories, a will,
a Loyalist Claim of property losses and an advertisement for the auctioning of slaves,
all of which confirmed the ownership of people.
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�Nonetheless, the historical record has contributed to this study in several
significant ways. It has assisted in the development of a site chronology, and in
establishing who owned the land and to what purpose the land served during the third
quarter of the eighteenth century. In the end, however, the archaeological investigation
of the Palace Lands site was initiated with the understanding that it might prove to be
the best, if not only, means to interpret the social and cultural lifeways of the site’s
inhabitants.
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Chapter 4 – Excavation results and site chronology
Introduction
Site 44WB90 is located in an area of the CW Visitor Center that, during the
time of the excavation. was undeveloped (see Figure 1.2, Chapter 1). The site sits on a
terrace that was wooded and covered with dense ground vegetation until it was
mechanically stripped during the early stage of the excavation (Figure 4.1). Both
natural and cultural processes impacted the site’s formation over the years. The site
was reclaimed for agriculture and subsequently plowed after abandonment. The
heaviest site impacts were due to the expansion of Route 60, and subsequently, the
construction of a house and outbuilding adjacent to the site sometime during the
twentieth century. Machine push piles of redeposited subsoil overlay plowzone along
the site’s eastern boundary (in relation to the grid). Displaced subsoil, silt and
plowzone layers were also evident along the south edge of the site. At times, these
layers were difficult to discern from one another. Moreover, the site’s east boundary
was bordered by a ravine. The ravine appeared to have been at least partially created
by machine grading and earth removal. Any features associated with the early
habitation of the site that extended into this area were destroyed during these
construction activities. Phase I and II test units in the area impacted by construction
turned up both redeposited clay and modern artifacts (Cooper 1997; Pickett 1996), as
did our excavation units.
Figure 4.1. Project area during early stage of excavation immediately prior to machine grading of ground
vegetation, view to the south, June 1998
Field excavations at site 44WB90 revealed a bonded brick chimney foundation,
a rectangular sub-floor pit, a series of ditches, and two fencelines (Figure 4.2). These
features were filled with eighteenth-century debris. During all survey and excavations,
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�archaeologists also
recovered artifacts
related to a late
nineteenth-century
domestic occupation,
and site disturbance and
artifact scatters
associated with
twentieth-century
development, habitation,
and recreational use of
the area. While the data
recovery phase focused
on the excavation of site
features, two transects
were placed extending
west and north of the
general excavation unit
in order to locate
additional subsurface
features.
The purposes of
this chapter are twofold.
First, a summary of the
excavation (1998-1999)
and survey (1999)
results is presented.
Second, an
interpretation of the
site’s chronology is
proposed. Unless
otherwise noted, all
proveniences are in
reference to grid north.
Figure 4.2. Palace Lands site, post-excavation, view to the west
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Soil Profile
The majority of excavation units consisted of a 5-6 cm layer of topsoil that
sealed plowzone which overlay sterile subsoil or features (Figure 4.3). The topsoil was
a brown (Munsell color 10YR 5/3) sandy clay loam with brick inclusions. The
plowzone was a brown (10YR 5/3) sandy clay loam with brick, charcoal, mortar and
shell inclusions and variously measured 11 to 56 cm in thickness.
Figure 4.3. Context 2, 1006N/1005E, north profile
Excavation Units
The excavated portion of the Palace Lands site, referred to below as the general
excavation unit, encompassed an area that measured approximately 20 × 32 m (640
sq m). A block excavation of 2 × 2 m units was initiated in the area of the chimney
foundation located during Phase II testing. Archaeologists dug a total of 75 2 × 2 m
and two 1 × 2 m excavation units (Appendix G and Figure 4.4; DAACS 2006a). The
plowzone, redeposited subsoil, and silt layers were removed by shovel-shaving to
subsoil. In addition, three areas were machine graded down to the bottom of the
plowzone and shovel-shaved to subsoil (see Figure 4.4). The test units will be
discussed in a separate section below.
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�Figure 4.4. Block excavation plan showing areas of plowzone, redeposited subsoil, and silt, Palace Lands
site
Most of the finds retrieved from plowzone contexts are eighteenth-century
artifacts, including bottle glass, ceramics, and assorted architectural debris, although
an assortment of both nineteenth- and twentieth-century artifacts were also recovered.
Layers of redeposited subsoil and/or silt were discovered in 23 excavation units
(see Figure 4.4 and Appendix G). These layers were limited to the east and south
areas of the general excavation unit. The redeposited subsoil was a yellowish brown
(10YR 5/4) sticky clay that in most instances sealed plowzone contexts (Figure 4.5).
In other cases (within the 2 × 2 m units at 992N/1011E, 994N/1009E and
1002N/1015E) there was no evidence of plowzone and only redeposited clay and/or
silt layers were present (see Figure 4.5). The deepest deposit of the redeposited subsoil
layer (context 81) occurred in the northeast corner of the site (see Figure 4.4) and
extended to a depth of 60 cm below the topsoil. A 16m test trench was excavated
down to subsoil through context 81 (at 1006N/1011E) to determine the nature of the
deposit which extended across five 2 × 2 m units. Late twentieth-century debris was
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�scattered throughout the redeposited subsoil wherever it was identified. The artifacts
retrieved included mouth-blown and machine-made bottle glass, ceramics, nails, and
unidentified iron hardware.
Figure 4.5. Contexts 180 and 136 (modern, redeposited subsoil), and context 184 (silt layer),
992N/1011E, northwest quadrant of unit, east profile
Silt layers (see Figure 4.5) were identified in seven 2 × 2 m units, although
portions of it extended into contiguous units. The silt was mainly concentrated in the
southeast corner of the excavation (see Figure 4.4). It was a light olive brown (2.5Y
5/3) silty clay with rust-colored streaks that in most cases was sealed by plowzone.
Although this would suggest that silting occurred sometime prior to plowing, the most
likely interpretation of the stratigraphic sequence is that earth-moving equipment
displaced layers and moved soil, including silt, from elsewhere onto the site. In some
instances it was difficult to discern plowzone from silt layers. There were relatively few
artifacts (n= 87) recovered from silt layers and these include window glass, nails, wine
bottle glass and ceramics (DAACS 2006b). The 18 ceramic sherds include eighteenthcentury wares (n=6) and ironstone cup sherds (n=12). The latter were discovered in
one 2 × 2 m unit (context 184).
Recovery Methods
Every plowzone context was sampled for dryscreening through 1/4 -inch mesh
(see Figure 4.4 and Appendix G). In units that were not 100-percent sampled,
artifacts were also retrieved by hand and bagged. The approach to sampling shifted
over the two field seasons in response to the more urgent need to focus on feature
excavations, particularly during the second season. The team dryscreened 100
percent of the soil from the initial 12 2 × 2 m units excavated that sealed or were
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�adjacent to the features that defined the dwelling (F01, F02 and F03). Two 1 x 2 m
units were also 100-percent sampled for dryscreening (contexts 233 and 250).
Subsequently, 25-percent samples were shovelled out and dryscreened from 49
excavation units. Due to time constraints, and the presence of modern layers in two
units (contexts 172 and 173), excavators collected only 2-percent dryscreen samples
from the northwest quadrant of six units.
A 50-percent sample was dryscreened from each of the seven 2 × 2 m units
(contexts 188, 246, 181, 241, 186, 219, 189) located along transect 999E (see Figure
4.4). The samples were collected from each 2 × 2 m unit by first taking a 25-percent
sample from the northeast corner of the unit and assigning a separate context number
for this sample (contexts 190, 245, 185, 242, 192, 218, 191; see Figure 4.4). The
remaining 25-percent sample was then removed from the northwest corner of the unit.
The recovery method shifted for the units along this transect in order to slow the pace
of excavation in anticipation of the discovery of features underlying them. One ditch,
F06, and its associated fenceline extended into the east sidewalls of two units
(contexts 189 and 219), and the sub-floor pit (F01) was located two meters to the east
of the transect. Moreover, concentrations of eighteenth-century artifacts in adjoining
units and the absence of site disturbance (in the form of redeposited subsoil) all
indicated that if early features were to be found, it would be in this area of the site.
We assigned separate context numbers to the 25-percent dryscreen samples from the
northeast quadrant of these units in order to facilitate any future analyses of the site’s
plowzone artifacts. While F06 and two postholes (F28, F30) were uncovered, no other
features were found within this transect.
Since the redeposited subsoil and silt were modern layers, where these layers
appeared in 11 of the 23 units they were not dryscreened (see Figure 4.4 and
Appendix G). Instead, the layers were shovelled out and when artifacts were
encountered these were bagged.
Test Transects
During the 1999 field season, the decision was made to conduct a limited
survey of areas north and west of the general excavation unit. The objective was to
locate subsurface features associated with the eighteenth-century occupation. These
areas were chosen for further investigation since the Phase II survey revealed
eighteenth-century artifact scatters roughly ten meters north of the sub-floor pit and
to the west of the excavation. A crew excavated three 1 × 1 m test units extending
north at 999E from the general excavation unit (Figure 4.5). One more unit was
placed at 1028N/998E since a tree impeded testing at 1028N/999E. Six additional 1
× 1 m test units were placed along a west transect at 1008N (see Figure 4.5). The test
units were placed at five-meter intervals. The soils from all ten units were removed by
shovel and 100 percent of the soil was dryscreened. Phytolith samples were collected
from each unit (see Chapter 2 and Appendix C).
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�Figure 4.6. Plan of 1999 test units, Palace Lands site
Excavators did not locate any subsurface features within the test units. The
stratigraphic sequence within the four north test units (contexts 259-262) was similar
to that of most of the excavation units, with topsoil sealing plowzone which overlay
subsoil. The plowzone was shallower, however, and averaged 12.5 cm in thickness.
The assemblage (n=170) from the north test units includes nineteenth- to twentiethcentury artifacts (ironstone ceramics and machine-made bottle glass) and eighteenthcentury finds (DAACS 2006b). In the west test units (contexts 263-265 and 270-272)
there was evidence of an eighteenth-century ravine at 1008N/974E (context 263; see
Figure 4.6) and 1008N/969E (context 271). What was referred to as the plowzone
stratum long the western transect was markedly deeper than anywhere else on the
site, indicating instead that it was ravine fill. At 1008N/974E, subsoil was finally
exposed 96 cm below the top of the unit (see Figure 4.6). The fill in these six units
averaged 55.7 cm in thickness. Moreover, the 429 artifacts recovered from this
transect all date to the mid-eighteenth century (DAACS 2006b). This evidence
suggests that a colonial-era ravine once existed in this area that eventually filled in
due to erosion. Site inhabitants likely used the ravine to dump refuse. The soil
profiles within the Phase II tests in this area support this observation (Cooper 1997).
In five of the test units, excavators discovered a layer that was highly similar in soil
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�color and texture to what was later identified as ravine fill. This stratum was similarly
quite deep and extended from 50 to 79 cm from the top of the units to subsoil and
contained only eighteenth-century materials.
Figure 4.7. Context 263, 1008N/974E, south profile
Features
The features associated with the Palace Lands site included a brick chimney
foundation, a rectangular sub-floor pit, a series of three ditches, and two fencelines
defined by postholes and postmolds (Figure 4.7 and Table 4.1; DAACS 2006a). All of
the features were hand trowelled, except for five postholes (F22, F32, F34, F35 and
F36) that were shovelled out at the end of the 1999 field season. Unless otherwise
indicated in the discussion below or in Appendix A, the fills from the four major
features (F01 and F04-F06) were dryscreened through 1/4-inch mesh (see “Field
Methods and Data Recovery”, Chapter 2). The sampling protocols for soil,
phytolith/pollen and flotation samples are discussed in Chapter 2 (see also
Appendices B, C and D).
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�Figure 4.8. Plan of features (post excavation), Palace Lands site
Table 4.1
Summary of Features, Palace Lands Site
Feature Description
Sub-floor pit/root cellar
Brick chimney foundation
Builder's trench for chimney
Ditch
North fence
South fence
Animal burrow
Tree hole
Unidentified feature
Feature No.
F01
F02
F03
F04, F05, F06
F07-F21, F31-F36, F39
F22-F30
F47, and contexts 123/124
F43, F46, F48, F49, F50
F37, F38, F40-F42, F44, F45, F51-F56
Feature elevations are listed in Appendix H. The elevation datum was located
at grid point 996N/1011E (datum height = -0.618 m below the top of subsoil at the
instrument). Only the top elevation was recorded for some features. These include
the unexcavated chimney foundation (F02), an unexcavated posthole (F9), and three
additional postholes (F13, F21, F22). Since more than one elevation was taken at the
tops and bottoms for each of the major features (F01, F04, F05 and F06), the
measurements for ‘depth below grade’ referred to in the discussion below are the
deepest elevation recorded for a particular feature.
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�Stratigraphic Group (SG) designations are used below in reference to feature
deposits. A Stratigraphic Group is defined by DAACS (2006c) as: “A group of
separately excavated contexts that the original excavators of a site recognized were
part of a single larger deposit. Stratigraphic groups are numbered uniquely within
sites and carry a SG-prefix.”
F01: Sub-floor pit
Feature 1 was a sub-floor pit, or root cellar, located adjacent to the remains of
the chimney foundation (F03; Figure 4.8). It was rectangular in plan (Figure 4.9) and
measured 173 m (5.68 ft) in length (north-south) and 175 m (5.74 ft) in width, and
76.5 cm (2.5 ft) in depth below grade. In profile, the feature exhibited straight sides
and a flat bottom (Figure 4.10). There were four deposits within F01 (Table 4.2). The
most recent deposit of fill, SG01 (context 12), was a yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy
clay loam with bone, charcoal, mortar, shell, brick and marl inclusions. This deposit
sealed SG02 (contexts 50 and 129), a dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam fill with bone,
brick, and marl inclusions that also had an abundance of oyster shells and charcoal
fragments. It sealed SG03 (context 53), a yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam with
bone, charcoal, brick, mortar and shell inclusions and high concentrations of ash.
The earliest deposit of fill within F01 was SG04 (context 54), a brown (10YR 5/3) silty
clay loam with bone, coal, charcoal, brick, mortar, shell, and marl inclusions. There
was evidence of wood lining at the bottom of the cellar in the form of a wood board.
Excavators dryscreened fill from the north half of SG01 (context 12), and
wetscreened a 20-liter sample. Very few artifacts were retrieved from dryscreening,
and none were recovered from the wetscreen samples, so the south half of the deposit
was carefully trowelled and the artifacts retrieved by hand. Flotation samples were
collected from each of the deposits (see Appendix D), and the remainder of the fills
from F01 (contexts 50, 129, 53 and 54) were wetscreened. We recovered a total of
2,891 finds (including oyster shells and charcoal fragments) from F01 (DAACS 2006b).
The assemblage includes colonowares, glass and copper alloy beads, three finger rings,
a bone enema syringe, fan blade fragments, doll fragments, thimbles and scissors.
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�Figure 4.9. Features 1 (sub-floor pit) and 2 (chimney foundation), view to the northwest
Figure 4.10. Plan of Features 1 and 2
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�Figure 4.11. Feature 1 (F01), sub-floor pit, north profile
Table 4.2
Contexts and Stratigraphic Groups, Feature 1 (F01)
Context No.
12
50 = 129
53
54
13
Palace Lands Archaeology
Stratigraphic Group
SG01
SG02
SG03
SG04
Feature cut
Page 56
�F02 and F03: Brick Chimney Foundation and Builder’s Trench
A mortared brick chimney foundation (F02) was the only structural remains of
a building identified at the site (Figure 4.12). There were two courses of brick (context
4; see Figure 4.11) remaining. The bottom course was largely intact, while the top
course exhibited evidence of robbing and plow disturbance. Shell mortar was used in
the construction of F02, and large chunks of mortar and brick bats were discovered in
the firebox and along the outside of the west chimney cheek. The feature measured
1.69 m (5.54 ft) east-west and 0.87 m (2.86 ft) north-south.
The builder’s trench for F02 was F03 (context 5 was assigned to the trench fill).
The artifacts recovered from trowelling on top of F03 to better define it includes shell
mortar fragments, nails, and oyster shell fragments (DAACS 2006b). We did not
excavate this feature.
Figure 4.12. Feature 2 (F02), brick chimney foundation, view to the north
F04: Ditch
Feature 4 was one of three ditches that extended east-west across the site (see
Figure 4.8). It measured 12.72 m (41.73 ft) in length and varied in width from 30 to
84 cm (0.98 to 2.76 ft). Feature 4 had an elevation of 0.225 m (0.74 ft) in depth below
grade. The ditch was divided into sections for excavation (A-A’ through H-H’; Figure
4.13). Excavators defined eight deposits of fill (SG05-SG09, SG11, SG13 and SG15),
although only one deposit (SG07) extended across the entirety of the ditch (Table 4.3).
There were two discrete deposits resting on top of the ditch in different areas.
One deposit, SG05 (context 30), was comprised mainly of whole oyster shells. The
second, SG06 (contexts 40 and 276), was defined exclusively by architectural debris
including shell mortar, brick fragments and window glass. Deposits SG05 and SG06
sealed SG07 (contexts 19, 204-207, 277, 278 and 318), a sandy clay loam (dark
yellowish brown; 10YR 4/4) with bone, charcoal, brick and mortar inclusions. Since
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 57
�SG07 extended across the length of the ditch, the deposit sealed a number of other
fills. It overlay SG08 (contexts 47, 210, 216, and 282), a very thin lens of light
brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt that measured < 1 cm to 2 cm in thickness. Only two
artifacts were recovered from SG08: one bottle glass fragment, and one nail. Contexts
associated with SG07 also sealed SG09 (contexts 132, 213 and 221), a mottled
yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and olive (5Y 4/4) silty clay loam with bone, charcoal and
brick inclusions. Strata SG07, SG08 and SG09 sealed SG11 (contexts 48, 49, 211,
214, 217, 234 and 279). Stratum SG11 extended to subsoil, and was a silty clay loam
that varied in mottling across the ditch. Portions of it (contexts 48, 49 and 279) were
brown (10YR 5/3 and 6/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) with charcoal, brick,
shell and mortar inclusions. The remaining portions (contexts 211, 214, 217 and 234)
were dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8)
mottled clay with brick, bone, charcoal and shell inclusions. The clay mottling was
the result of erosion of the ditch’s sidewalls over time. Where the ditch terminated to
the west, SG07 sealed SG13 (context 295), a brown (10YR 4/3) clay-mottled fill with
bone, brick and shell inclusions. This deposit sealed subsoil. To the east, SG11 sealed
SG15 (context 298), a silty clay loam (yellowish brown; 10YR 5/6) with brick, bone,
charcoal and shell inclusions that extended to subsoil.
All of the fill from F04 was either dryscreened or wetscreened (see Appendix A),
and flotation samples were taken from each deposit (see Appendix D). Excavators
recovered a total of 1,639 finds from this feature, including 143 oyster shells (DAACS
2006b). The artifact assemblage includes lead shot, a fragment of writing slate,
ceramics, tobacco pipes, mirror glass, and pharmaceutical bottle fragments. An
American stoneware sherd recovered from context 295 provides a feature TPQ of 1787.
Table 4.3
Contexts and Stratigraphic Groups, Feature 4 (F04)
Context No.
30
40 = 276
19 = 204 = 205 = 206 = 207 =
277 = 278 = 318
47 = 210 = 216 = 282
132 = 213 = 221
48 = 49 = 211 = 214 = 217 =
234 = 279
295
298
20
Palace Lands Archaeology
Stratigraphic Group
SG05
SG06
SG07
SG08
SG09
SG11
SG13
SG15
Feature cut
Page 58
�Figure 4.13. Plan and profiles of Feature 4 (F04)
F05: Ditch
Feature 5 (Figure 4.14) was an L-shaped ditch that abutted F04 at its east end
(see Figure 4.8). It measured 3.83 m (12.57 ft) across, and had an elevation of 25.8
cm (0.85 ft) in depth below grade. In profile, the north and south walls sloped down to
a round-based bottom (see Figure 4.14 ). Excavators defined four deposits of fill in
F05 (Table 4.4). The most recent deposit, SG16 (contexts 51 and 310), was a brown
(10YR 4/3) silt loam with bone, brick and shell inclusions. This stratum sealed SG17
(contexts 274 and 319), a yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam with bone,
charcoal, brick and shell inclusions. In the west half of the ditch, excavators
uncovered SG18 (context 275), a brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam deposit with heavy
concentrations of ash and charcoal that also had bone, charcoal, brick and shell
inclusions. Given the presence of ash and charcoal, excavators first wetscreened 20
liters of fill, and upon finding fish bone and scales, collected the remainder of the fill
for flotation. Deposit SG18 sealed SG19 (context 296), a yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)
silty clay fill with a relatively high concentration of nails and oyster shells. Neither of
these two deposits, SG18 and SG19, extended across F05 and these were not evident
where the feature was cross-sectioned for a profile drawing.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 59
�Excavators recovered 424 finds from F05 (including 38 oyster shells and 10
charred seeds; DAACS 2006b). The artifact assemblage includes wine bottle and
mirror glass, one gunflint, ceramics, iron hinge fragments, and tobacco pipe
fragments. The feature TPQ of 1762 was based on creamware sherds.
Figure 4.14. Plan and profile of Feature 5 (F05)
Table 4.4
Contexts and Stratigraphic Groups, Feature 5 (F05)
Context No.
51 = 310
274 = 319
275
296
273
Palace Lands Archaeology
Stratigraphic Group
SG16
SG17
SG18
SG19
Feature cut
Page 60
�F06: Ditch
Feature 6 was the last of the three ditches discovered at the site (see Figure
4.8). Since it was located at the end of the final field season, time constraints
prevented the crew from excavating the plowzone that covered the remainder of the
ditch. The portion of the ditch that was revealed measured 7.17 meters (23.52 ft) in
length and 0.86 m (2.82 ft) in width (Figure 4.15). The deepest elevation taken from
the bottom of this feature measured 28.6 cm (0.94 ft) below grade.
There were three deposits within F06 (Table 4.5). The most recent deposit,
SG20 (contexts 248, 299 and 300-304) consisted of a brown (10YR 4/3) sandy clay
loam with bone, charcoal, brick and shell inclusions. A relatively high number of
oyster shell fragments was recovered from this fill. This deposit sealed SG21 (contexts
311-316 and 320), a brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam with brick, charcoal
and shell inclusions. The earliest stratum, SG22 (contexts 317 and 325), was a
relatively thin (3-6 cm) deposit with no artifacts. This deposit was a brownish yellow
(10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam with some charcoal inclusions. Unlike the two most
recent deposits, SG22 was only found in a two-meter section of F06 between the D’-D
and F’-F cross sections.
All of the fill from F06 was dryscreened, and flotation samples were collected
from each discrete deposit (see Appendix D). We recovered 1,354 finds from F06,
including 142 oyster shells (DAACS 2006b). The assemblage includes pharmaceutical
and wine bottle glass, ceramics, window glass, and nails. Creamware sherds from the
feature provide a TPQ of 1762.
Table 4.5
Contexts and Stratigraphic Groups, Feature 6 (F06)
Context No.
248 = 299 = 300= 301 = 302 =
303 = 304
311 = 312 = 313 = 314 = 315 =
316 = 320
317 = 325
249
Palace Lands Archaeology
Stratigraphic Group
SG20
SG21
SG22
Feature cut
Page 61
�Figure 4.15. Plan and profiles of Feature 6 (F06)
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 62
�North Fence: F07-F21 and F31-F36
A post-and-rail fence defined by 22 postholes and postmolds once ran parallel
to the ditch segments (see Figure 4.8; Appendix I). Of the 19 postholes, only two did
not have postmolds. The first, F36, intruded F35 and was dug for a repair post. The
second, F10, was not excavated as it was still partially sealed by redeposited subsoil at
the end of the field season. In addition to the postholes, there were three postmolds
along the fenceline: F16, F19 and F39. The fenceline clearly extended further to the
west and east (see Figure 4.8). The section of the fenceline that was excavated
measured 30.24 m (99.21 ft) in length from F31 to F10.
The features along this fenceline were generally rectangular in plan with a wider
variation in profiles ranging from irregular to a flat-based “U” shape. The
measurements of these features varied in length and width. The smallest feature (F16)
was 24 × 19 cm (0.79 × 0.62 ft), and the largest feature (F35) measured 99 × 62 cm
(3.25 × 2.3 ft). Five of the features exhibited evidence of fence repairs. Three
postholes, F31, F33 and F36 each cut earlier postholes, and two others (F15 and F18)
had two postmolds. The postholes and postmolds were set at irregular intervals which
may indicate that there were more repair posts along the fence in addition to the five
noted above. The postmolds F16, F19 and F39 were not in alignment with, and were
much shallower than, the postmolds found within postholes. This suggests that these
posts were added later to brace the fence. The elevations for the postholes and
postmolds are provided in Appendix H.
Two of the 22 features, F9 and F10, were not excavated. Of the remaining 20,
all but six of the features (F08, F12, F31, F32, F34 and F36) produced artifacts (see
Appendix I for number of artifacts and TPQs). The assemblage (n=278) includes
ceramics, nails, window and bottle glass, and tobacco pipe fragments (DAACS 2006b).
A discussion of the feature TPQs follows in the section below regarding the site’s
chronology.
South Fence: F22-F30
Approximately three meters to the south of F06 we identified another fenceline
that ran parallel to the series of ditches and the north fence. This former post-and-rail
fence was defined by nine postholes (Appendix J; see Figure 4.8). As with the north
fence, it is probable that this fence also extended further west and east, but no further
investigations of the fenceline were conducted. The section of the fenceline that was
revealed measured 14.65 m (48.06 ft) in length from F22 to F29 (see Figure 4.8).
Each of the postholes was rectangular in plan, and they varied in size. The
smallest of these (F27) measured 33 × 40 cm (1.08 × 1.31 ft), and the largest posthole
(F28) measured 81 × 77 cm (2.66 × 2.53 ft). The elevations for each feature are
recorded in Table 4.3. Two of the postholes were dug for repair posts: F27 cut F28,
and F30 cut F29 (see Figure 4.8).
Excavators retrieved artifacts from all but two (F27 and F29) of the nine
postholes (see Appendix J). The assemblage (n=112) includes a glass jewel inset for
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 63
�cufflinks, ceramics, drinking and wine bottle glass fragments, nails, and window glass
(DAACS 2006b).
Miscellaneous Features
There were 20 miscellaneous features identified at the site, including two
animal burrows, five treeholes, and 13 unidentified features (see Table 4.1 and
Appendix K). Excavators recovered four artifacts from one treehole (F43), including a
tin-enameled ware sherd and a nail, and three brick fragments from an animal burrow
(F47; DAACS 2006b).
Interpretation of the Palace Lands Site Chronology
Based upon the existing evidence the site features and artifacts recovered from
feature contexts are associated mainly with a single dwelling and its occupation dating
to the third quarter of the eighteenth century. In order to determine a site mean
ceramic date (MCD), ceramics (vessels and non-vesselized sherds) recovered
exclusively from feature contexts were used for the ceramic seriation analysis. The
result was a site MCD of 1742 (Table 4.6). The seriation results, however, were
skewed towards an earlier date due to the inclusion of Delftwares and tin-enameled
wares which had a long period of manufacture (1600-1802); together, they represented
43 percent of the ceramics recovered from feature contexts (n=420). Thus, another
approach to dating the site was also employed. The manufacture periods of ceramic
ware types provided by DAACS (2007) were used to estimate the site occupation span.
The result suggested that the site was inhabited from the late 1740s to 1775 (Figure
4.16) which coincides with the years that Coke’s plantation was in operation. With this
in mind, and the other evidence at hand, the site’s history begins to unfold. There are
three site phases that can be discerned (Table 4.7). While the following interpretation
is in agreement with the DAACS (2006d) site chronology with regard to the time spans
assigned to the first two phases, it proposes a later date for the third phase.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 64
�Table 4.6
Ceramic Seriation, Feature Contexts, Palace Lands Site
Ware Type
Decorative Technique
COARSE EARTHENWARE
Date
Range
Median
Date
N
sherds
N
vessels
Total
Product
(MD*N)
Buckley
1720-1775
1748
4
5
9
15732
Colonoware
1650-1830
1740
3
6
9
15660
North
Midlands/Staffordshire
slipware
Red-bodied
slipware/Redware
Staffordshire mottled glaze
1670-1795
1733
6
2
8
13864
1700-1900
1800
2
1
3
5400
1680-1780
1730
0
1
1
1730
1660-1860
1760
5
1
6
10560
1660-1860
1760
6
3
9
15840
1660-1860
1760
0
1
1
1760
1660-1810
1735
0
1
1
1735
1660-1810
1735
0
2
2
3470
1745-1795
1770
1
2
3
5310
Creamware
1762-1820
1791
101
25
126
225666
Delftware, Dutch/British
1600-1802
1701
78
20
98
166698
Jackfield
1740-1790
1765
0
1
1
1765
1775-1830
1803
2
0
2
3606
1600-1802
1701
84
0
84
142884
1740-1775
1758
4
3
7
12306
1787-1920
1853
1
1
2
3706
Fulham type
1671-1775
1723
5
2
7
12061
German stoneware
1620-1775
1697
1
0
1
1697
Westerwald/Rhenish
1650-1775
1713
1
3
4
6852
White saltglazed stoneware
1720-1805
1763
22
7
29
51127
PORCELAIN
Chinese porcelain
Chinese porcelain
Chinese porcelain
Chinese porcelain
Chinese porcelain
painted, under free hand
purple-blue
painted, under free hand
yellow-red
painted, over free hand,
unidentifiable
painted, over free hand yellowred, yellow
English soft paste
REFINED EARTHENWARE
Pearlware
Tin-enameled
unidentifiable
Whieldon-type ware
STONEWARE
American stoneware
painted, under free hand
purple-blue
White saltglazed stoneware
engine turned, no applied color
1720-1805
1763
1
0
1
1763
White saltglazed stoneware
Moulded
1720-1805
1763
0
3
3
5289
White saltglazed stoneware
scratch/fill, purple blue
1744-1775
1760
0
1
1
1760
White saltglazed stoneware
scratch/fill, debased
1765-1790
1780
MEAN CERAMIC DATE
Palace Lands Archaeology
1
1
2
3560
328
Totals
92
420
731801
1742.383333
Page 65
�Figure 4.16. Periods of manufacture for ceramic ware types recovered from feature contexts
Table 4.7
Site Phases, Palace Lands Site
Phase
Date
I
c. 1747-1769
II
Late-eighteenth
century to earlynineteenth
century
III
Mid-nineteenth
century to
twentieth century
Occupants
Enslaved Virginians owned by John
Coke, and then his wife, Sarah.
Tenants or enslaved blacks associated
with Samuel Smith McCroskey. These
individuals lived in the site’s vicinity.
Farm tenants who probably leased the
land from one or more of the
following: Robert M. Garrett, Van F.
Garrett, and the Southern Land
Company. Tenants lived in the area of
the site.
Related Site
Features
All site
features.
Subfloor pit
(F01), a ditch
(F04), and
north and
south fences
N/A
A second occupation (Phase II) took place during the late eighteenth century to
early nineteenth century. The individuals who lived in the site’s vicinity continued to
use the fences and repairs to both may be attributable to this group. A relatively
small amount of this household’s refuse made its way not only into several features
along both fencelines, but also F04, a ditch (TPQ 1787; Table 4.8). The homestead
associated with Phase II was abandoned after 1787. At least one other household
lived near the site during Phase III. Artifacts from the plowzone associated with this
phase date from the mid-nineteenth century and well into the twentieth century. By
this period, the site was reclaimed for farming and plowed over, and none of the
features were likely visible above ground.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 66
�In the following discussion, the historical (see Chapter 3) and archaeological
evidence are considered together in an attempt to clarify the dates and to identify the
landowners associated with each site phase.
Table 4.8
Ceramic TPQs by Feature, Palace Lands Site
Feature
F01 (Subfloor pit)
F04 (Ditch)
F05 (Ditch)
F06 (Ditch)
F11 (context 230, posthole, North fence)
F13 (context 68, posthole, North fence)
F14 (context 33, posthole North fence)
F14 (context 257, postmold, North fence)
F15 (context 35, posthole, North fence)
F15 (context 253, postmold, North fence)
F18 (context 45, posthole, North fence)
F18 (context 268, postmold, North fence)
F20 (context 21, posthole, North fence)
F20 (context 255, postmold, North fence)
F25 (context 76, posthole, South fence)
F26 (context 100, posthole, South fence)
F28 (context 193, postmold, South fence)
TPQ
1765
1787
1762
1762
1762
1720
1740
1775
1762
1720
1762
1762
1787
1762
1720
1671
1775
Phase I: c. 1747-1769
The initial habitation of the Palace Lands site can be tied to John Coke, who
owned the land on which the site is located from c. 1747-1767 (see Table 4.7). His
son, Samuel, inherited the plantation and continued to operate it for just over a year
until c. 1769. Enslaved field hands first owned by John Coke, and then inherited by
his wife, Sarah, lived and worked on the plantation during this time. Samuel and his
mother, Sarah, put the plantation along with the livestock and “several valuable
slaves” up for auction in 1769. The Council purchased the plantation sometime
between 1769 and 1773 and the site was abandoned upon the conveyance of the
plantation to the Council.
Phase I Site Activities
The artifacts provide some indication of the sequence in which the site’s
features were constructed and filled. Its residents first built the dwelling, which is
represented by the sub-floor pit and the brick chimney foundation. Sometime after
the house was occupied its residents built the north and south post-and-rail fences.
Postholes along both fencelines were filled with debris indicating that cultural
activities had already taken place on site prior to their construction. Both fences were
mended, yet some of these repairs were made during Phase II. What is unmistakable
is that the site’s inhabitants took more precautions in preserving the north fence.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 67
�After its construction, they dug ditches along it in order to drain water away from the
posts. Clay-mottled fill and silt layers found within the ditches indicate that these
were kept relatively free of debris and left open to serve their purpose which led to the
erosion of ditch walls and silting over time. Arbitrary filling of the ditches occurred
over time, through foot traffic, sweeping, etc., since refuse was scattered around the
homestead.
Prior to site abandonment, and likely in anticipation of their sale along with the
plantation, the enslaved household residing at Coke’s dumped refuse into the root
cellar and nearby ditches. Most of the artifacts recovered from these features date to
the third quarter of the eighteenth century (see Table 4.8). Two ditches (F05 and F06)
and the root cellar with TPQs of 1762 were sealed during this phase. The third ditch
(F04) was filled, but not sealed until Phase II. The fences were left standing.
Phase II: Late Eighteenth Century to Early Nineteenth Century
With the plantation’s incorporation into the Palace Lands, the acreage was
made available to the last two royal governors of Virginia. Both Botetourt and
Dunmore used the land for pasturage, felling trees for wood, and probably for raising
crops, but their combined tenure of the Governor’s Palace was short-lived: from 1768
to 1775. Dunmore retreated from the city in 1775, leaving the Palace Lands in the
hands of American troops. The recovery of American blue-and-gray stoneware (TPQ
1787) sherds suggests a late eighteenth-century site presence that may have extended
into the early nineteenth century (see Table 4.8). Thus, the Phase II occupation in the
site’s vicinity had no association with the royal governors.
There were three landowners who held deed to the property from 1786-1816
(see Table 3.1, Chapter 3). Of these, Samuel Smith McCroskey is the one who most
likely owned it during the site’s Phase II occupation. He purchased the property from
William & Mary in 1790 and retained the land until his death in 1815. McCroskey’s
wife, Elizabeth, auctioned the property in 1816. Since the McCroskeys lived in town,
the land was probably leased to tenants as McCroskey’s will states that there were
houses on the property. It is not known at this time whether the McCroskeys owned
enslaved men or women who could have lived and worked on the land.
Phase II Site Activities
There are very few artifacts associated with Phase II, which indicates that whoever
discarded them lived in the site’s vicinity, somewhere near the former quarter but not
within it. The strongest evidence for this phase includes only eight sherds of American
blue-and-gray stoneware (TPQ 1787) and ten pearlware sherds (TPQ 1775). Only four
of these finds were retrieved from feature contexts (see Table 4.8). What they confirm
is that the fences were still standing during Phase II. Two pearlware sherds were
recovered from two postmolds (F14 and F28) along each fenceline; these fence posts
rotted in place sometime after 1775. Moreover, one American stoneware sherd was
found within F20, a posthole along the north fenceline, which suggests that it was dug
for a repair post sometime after 1787. An American stoneware sherd was also
retrieved from one ditch (F04). This ditch was partially filled, inadvertently and
intentionally, during Phase I but sealed during Phase II.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 68
�Phase III: Mid-Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
The final site phase almost certainly conflates more than one period of
occupation. There are two challenges to clarifying the more recent history of the site.
First, the nineteenth- and twentieth-century artifacts were retrieved from plowzone
contexts. Second, most of the ceramic types, including whiteware and yellow ware,
have long periods of manufacture. The mean ceramic date for this assemblage of 113
sherds and nine vessels is 1912 (Table 4.9).
The manufacturing techniques represented by the container glass seem to
suggest that the site was inhabited throughout and beyond the nineteenth century.
Yet there are enough examples with datable attributes that when combined with the
ceramic evidence point to occupation(s) after the 1850s. Just over 25 percent (n=406)
of the plowzone glass shards are colorless, non-lead glass (TPQ 1864). Specific
examples of machine-made glass (TPQ 1905) include Ball Mason canning jars, milk
glass container fragments, an embossed Sloan’s Liniment bottle, and pressed glass
tablewares. There are even Owens bottle fragments and a hobble-skirt Coke bottle
which confirm twentieth-century site habitation.
The Palace Lands tract belonged to two individuals from c. 1860s-1904 (see
Table 3.1, Chapter 3). Dr. Robert M. Garrett purchased the property some time prior
to 1866 and willed it to his son Dr. Van F. Garrett in 1883. Both Garretts lived in
Williamsburg and probably leased the land to tenants. The land was clearly used for
farming as Robert describes the parcel as farm land in his will, and when his son sold
the property in 1904 to the Southern Land Company it is referred to as “Garrett Farm”
in the deed.
Table 4.9
Ceramic Seriation, Nineteenth- to Twentieth-Centuries Ceramics, Palace Lands Site
Ware Type
Decorative Technique
Ironstone/White Granite
Whiteware
Date
Range
1840-2000
Median
Date
1920
N
sherds
45
N
vessels
4
Total
(N)
49
Product
(MD*N)
94080
1820-2000
1910
46
2
48
91680
1880-2000
1940
1
0
1
1940
Whiteware
Painted, over free hand, Gilt;
Decalcomania, Red
Decalcomania, Green, Muted Light
1880-2000
1940
2
0
2
3880
Whiteware
Decalcomania,Red
1880-2000
1940
3
2
5
9700
Whiteware
Decalcomania, unidentifiable
1880-2000
1940
1
0
1
1940
Whiteware
Molded, Printed, flow, Purple-Blue
1840-1900
1870
5
0
5
9350
Whiteware
Printed, under, Purple-Blue,
Intense Dark
Molded; Painted, under free hand,
Purple-Blue
Printed, flow, Purple-Blue
1820-2000
1910
2
0
2
3820
1820-2000
1910
1
0
1
1910
1840-1900
1870
6
1
7
13090
1830-1940
1885
1
0
1
1885
113
9
122
233275
Whiteware
Whiteware
Whiteware
Yelloware
Totals
MEAN CERAMIC DATE
Palace Lands Archaeology
1912.090164
Page 69
�Phase III Site Activities
None of the features associated with the site were likely visible above ground by
the time the first Dr. Garrett acquired the Palace Lands tract. While there is evidence
that the fences were still standing when Coke’s plantation was abandoned, the most
recent TPQ for fence-related features is 1787.
In terms of the locus of Phase III site activities, the artifact distribution suggests
that it could have been at any number of locations near the site. Again, there was
very likely multiple occupations of the site over a period of decades. Although most of
the sherds were retrieved from units south of the southern-most fence, the rest of the
sherds, as well as machine-made and non-lead, colorless glass fragments were strewn
across the site. Some of these artifacts were discovered in the 1999 test units located
20-25 meters north of the excavation. During the 1996 Phase II site survey, mid to
late nineteenth-century artifacts, including wire nails (1880 TPQ), were also recovered
from test units located beyond the boundaries of the excavation. The evidence
suggests that a succession of tenant farming households lived somewhere in the site’s
vicinity, and probably resided in the same house.
The Ceramic Crossmend Evidence
The ceramic crossmend evidence does little to clarify the interpretation of the
site’s chronology. A partial assemblage of ceramics was selected for crossmending
from contexts within the cellar (F01), two ditches (F04 and F06), and seven postholes
(F11, F13-F15, F17, F18 and F20) along the portion of the north fenceline that was
adjacent to F04. Four vessels were partially reconstructed with contiguous mends
between features. One vessel (226-33AS; see Appendix E) consists of sherds from
both F04 and F01. Although the crossmends would seem to suggest that these
features were filled at the same time, site inhabitants may have used a refuse midden
to retrieve fill for sealing defunct features. Such was the case at the eighteenthcentury Rich Neck Slave Quarter site in Williamsburg (Franklin 2004).
The crossmend evidence from Rich Neck demonstrated that site inhabitants
made regular use of a communal refuse midden to gather fill for their defunct root
cellars. As a result, sherds recovered from plowzone contexts within the midden
mended with sherds from various deposits within the root cellars. Thus, the filling
events of different root cellars with mends from the same vessel were not necessarily
related. With this caveat in mind, the vessel crossmends (vessels 251-33AS and 28833AS; see Appendix E) between a posthole (F15) and a ditch (F04) do not necessarily
demonstrate the simultaneous filling of these features. In this scenario, the fence
would have been constructed at the same time that the ditch was being backfilled with
refuse. Yet, since the ditch served to drain rainwater away from the fence, it had to be
dug out after the fence was standing. Instead, people probably tossed or swept refuse
close to the ditches which inevitably wound up within them, and this most likely
occurred at different times, but prior to the nineteenth-century.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 70
�Remarks
The most important point to be made regarding the site’s phasing is that the artifacts
recovered from feature contexts are mainly related to Phase I, when Coke’s enslaved
field hands occupied the site. Monticello archaeologists came to this same conclusion,
although there are also competing points of interpretation regarding the site’s
chronology. A descriptive summary of the artifacts is the focus of the next chapter. In
light of the fact that the artifacts recovered from the plowzone include nineteenthcentury and twentieth-century finds, the focus is on those found within site features.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 71
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 72
�Chapter 5 – Historic Artifacts
Introduction
The artifact assemblage recovered from the Palace Lands site totals 14,299
finds (DAACS 2006b). The range of dates exhibited by the artifacts reveals that
multiple occupations took place on and near the site over time from the mideighteenth century up until recently. The finds are typical of historic domestic sites,
including slave quarters. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a descriptive
summary of the artifacts. Because the assemblage includes nineteenth- and
twentieth-century artifacts (including modern debris), only those recovered from
feature contexts are considered here. Excluded from the discussion are the following:
faunal remains, eggshells, seeds, nuts, wood, shells, charcoal, cinder and coal. What
remains of the assemblage totals 5,684 artifacts (Table 5.1). It is this number that is
referred to below as the “total number of artifacts.” The periods of manufacture for
ceramics recovered from feature contexts indicate that the feature-related artifacts
were in circulation and disposed of during the third quarter of the eighteenth century
(see Figure 4.16, Chapter 4). This period coincides with the operation of John Coke’s
200-acre plantation at the site.
Table 5.1
Major Artifact Groups
Major Artifact Groups
Architectural
Foodways
Unidentified Artifact
Sewing Equipment
Medicinal and Hygiene
Tobacco
Clothing and Adornment
Personal
Other Hardware
Arms
Native American
Horse and Transport
Furniture
Tool
Total
N
2398
1305
1294
262
118
105
99
32
29
12
11
8
6
5
5684
%
42.19
22.96
22.77
4.61
2.08
1.85
1.74
0.56
0.51
0.21
0.19
0.14
0.11
0.09
100.00
The artifacts were sorted into major artifact groups (see Table 5.1) which are
comparable to those that have been used for analyzing other slave-related
assemblages in Virginia (e.g., Fesler 2000, Franklin 2004; Pullins et al. 2003). The
group categories are not mutually exclusive as overlaps between groups do exist. The
assemblage underscores the domestic nature of the site with foodways-related
artifacts representing 22.96 percent of the total number (see Table 5.1). Even though
a large proportion of the assemblage consists of architectural debris (42.19 percent),
which is typical for historic sites, there are still traces of a past home life in the forms
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 73
�of doll fragments and toy marbles, sewing implements and medicinal vessels. Yet,
despite the fact that the site was part of a working plantation, excavators recovered
few artifacts related to the labor that Coke’s enslaved blacks performed (raising crops
and livestock).
The remainder of this chapter is divided into sections for each major artifact
group. The chapter closes with a section titled “Other Notable Artifacts” that covers
several interesting objects that are not otherwise included in the assessment of the
assemblage. Currently, there is not an “object number” entry for unique ceramic and
glass vessels in DAACS. Thus, in the following, ceramic vessels are identified by their
CW object number which is provided in the “Notes” entry for the DAACS ceramics
artifact query (DAACS 2006b; see also Appendix E). The CW object numbers are
always followed by “33AS”, the site number assigned by CW to the Palace Lands. For
all other artifacts, the text and figure captions include the CW object number where
these were assigned followed by the DAACS artifact ID number (which begins with the
designation of “1008”).
Foodways Group
The term “foodways” is used here to refer to those practices related to food and
beverage preparation, service, consumption, and storage. The foodways-related
artifacts constitute the second largest major artifact group at 22.96 percent (n=1305)
of the total artifact assemblage (see Table 5.1). The artifacts from this group were
assigned to six categories based on material and general function within the foodways
realm, and two categories were added for unidentifiable ceramics and glass (Table 5.2).
The glass and ceramic artifact counts in Table 5.2 include both unique vessels and
non-vesselized ceramic sherds and glass fragments. A brief discussion of the
crossmend analysis is provided in Chapter 4, and the ceramic vessels are listed in
Appendix E. The unidentifiable ceramics and glass were included with the Foodways
Groups although it is acknowledged that some of these could be non-foodways related
objects (e.g., pharmaceutical bottles, chamber pots, etc.).
The overview of the Foodways Group begins with the ceramic assemblage,
followed by the glass assemblage and table utensils.
Table 5.2
Foodways Group
N
Ceramic Tablewares
Ceramic Tea and Coffee Service
Ceramic Food Preparation and Storage
Ceramic, Unidentified
Glass Tablewares
Glass Beverage Storage and Containers
Glass, Unidentified
Table Utensils
Total
Palace Lands Archaeology
%
89
113
21
224
59
634
142
23
1305
6.8
8.7
1.6
17.2
4.5
48.6
10.9
1.8
100.0
Page 74
�There are 87 vessels and 360 sherds from feature contexts which constitute
34.3 percent of the Foodways Group (DAACS 2006b). Included in this group are
ceramics for table service and consumption (6.8 percent), tea and coffee service (8.7
percent), food preparation and storage (16 percent), and unidentified ceramics (17.2
percent; see Table 5.2). The distribution of ceramics by ware type is shown in Table
5.3. The most popular ware types present are creamware, delftware, unidentifiable
tin-enameled ware and white salt-glazed stoneware. The 87 vessels are summarized
by ware type and form in Table 5.4 (see also Appendix E).
Since the artifact analyses presented in this report relies on DAACS artifact
queries, the DAACS categories used to describe the ceramics are reproduced here
(Aultman, Grillo and Bon-Harper 2003). For clarification, “vessel category” refers to
the general shape of a ceramic sherd or vessel, whether hollow or flat. “Vessel form”
refers to the specific form of the original vessel (e.g., porringer, plate, teabowl, etc.). In
a number of instances, vessel form can only be identified in general terms as
unidentified “tableware”, “teaware” or “utilitarian.”
There are a number of unique vessels that CW lab technicians identified with
regard to vessel form that were re-cataloged in DAACS in more general terms. There
were 22 discrepancies and where these exist the author re-examined the ceramics to
make a determination as to how to categorize a vessel for the purpose of analyzing the
ceramics. In most cases, the CW and DAACS vessel descriptions with regard to vessel
category and form are similar, but the form assigned by CW is more specific. For
example, for vessel 264-33AS, DAACS categorizes the vessel as “tableware” and “flat”,
while CW categorizes the vessel as a plate. Since the vessel is represented by a marley
fragment, the “plate” identification is retained here. Where the CW-assigned form is
used in place of the DAACS one, this is noted in Appendix E by an asterisk in the
“Form and Vessel Category” column.
In order to assess the assemblage with regard to form and function, the
unidentifiable ceramics (n=224) are excluded from the summaries of the three major
categories of ceramics that follow.
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Table 5.3
Ceramic Assemblage by Ware Type, Foodways Group
Ware Type
COARSE EARTHENWARE
Buckley
Coarse earthenware, unglazed
Coarse earthenware, lead-glazed
Colonoware
North Midlands/Staffordshire slipware
Red-bodied slipware/Redware
Staffordshire mottled glaze
PORCELAIN
Chinese porcelain
English soft-paste porcelain
Porcelain, unidentifiable
REFINED EARTHENWARE
Creamware
Delftware, Dutch/British
Jackfield
Pearlware
Tin-enameled ware
Whieldon-type ware
Refined earthenware, unidentifiable
STONEWARE
American stoneware
Fulham type
German stoneware
Westerwald/Rhenish
White saltglazed stoneware
Stoneware, unidentifiable
UNIDENTIFIED MATERIAL AND
WARE TYPE
Totals
Palace Lands Archaeology
N vessels
N sherds
Total
%
5
0
1
6
2
1
1
4
1
4
3
6
2
0
9
1
5
9
8
3
1
2.0
0.2
1.1
2.0
1.8
0.7
0.2
8
2
0
11
1
8
19
3
8
4.3
0.7
1.8
24
15
1
0
0
3
0
101
77
0
2
84
4
13
125
92
1
2
84
7
13
28.0
20.6
0.2
0.4
18.8
1.6
2.9
1
2
0
3
12
0
0
1
5
1
1
24
1
6
2
7
1
4
36
1
6
0.4
1.6
0.2
0.9
8.1
0.2
1.3
87
360
447
100.0
Page 76
�Table 5.4
Ceramic Vessels by Ware Type, Vessel Category and Form, Foodways Group
Ware Type
American Stoneware
Buckley
Chinese Porcelain
Coarse Earthenware, unidentifiable
Colonoware
Creamware
Delftware, Dutch/British
English Soft-Paste Porcelain
Fulham Type Stoneware
Jackfield Type Earthenware
North Midlands/Staffordshire Slipware
Redware
Staffordshire Mottled Glaze
Westerwald/Rhenish Stoneware
Whieldon-type Ware
White Salt-Glazed Stoneware
Palace Lands Archaeology
Vessel Category and Form
Tableware, hollow form
Milk pan
Utilitarian, hollow form
Bowl
Plate
Saucer
Tableware, hollow form
Teabowl
Teaware, flat form
Teaware, hollow form
Utilitarian, hollow form
Bowl
Plate
Porringer
Coffee pot
Jug
Plate
Platter
Saucer
Sugar bowl
Teabowl
Teaware, flat form
Teaware, hollow form
Teaware, unidentified
Bowl
Flat form, unidentified
Hollow form, unidentified
Plate
Punch bowl
Tableware, hollow form
Teaware, hollow form
Utilitarian, hollow form
Teaware, hollow form
Teaware, unidentified
Storage jar
Utilitarian, hollow form
Teapot
Mug/tankard
Tableware, flat form
Utilitarian, hollow form
Mug/tankard
Mug/tankard
Tableware, hollow form
Creamer
Platter
Saucer
Bowl
Bowl, large
Plate
Plate or platter
Slop bowl
Tableware, flat form
Tableware, hollow form
Teabowl
Teaware, hollow form
Total
N vessels
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
5
1
8
2
1
1
2
4
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
Total
1
%
1.1
5
5.7
8
1
9.2
1.1
6
6.9
24
27.6
15
17.2
2
2.3
2
1
2.3
1.1
2
1
1
2.3
1.1
1.1
3
3.4
3
3.4
12
87
13.8
100.0
Page 77
�Ceramic Tablewares
The ceramic tablewares constitute 6.8 percent of the Foodways Group. The
assortment of tablewares (n=89) includes serving dishes and wares for the
consumption of foods and beverages. Once the unidentifiable ceramics were excluded
from the analysis, the tablewares represent 39.9 percent of the identifiable, foodwaysrelated ceramic assemblage (Table 5.5).
One approach to the analysis of slave-related, ceramic assemblages is to
consider the ratio of hollow forms to flat forms in order to determine to what degree
African-influenced meals (e.g., stews or “one-pot” meals) were consumed by site
inhabitants (e.g., Otto 1984). Sixty-five of the 89 tableware sherds and vessels can be
identified with regard to vessel category (hollow or flat) or specific vessel form. Four
general categories were evident for this assemblage: hollow forms for consuming
liquid-based meals, flat forms for consuming “dry” meals such as roasted meat cuts,
vessels for beverage service and consumption, and vessels for serving meals (Table
5.6). The majority of the identifiable tablewares, including all of the tableware sherds,
consist of ceramics for individual servings of a meal. Of these, both flat forms (plates
and plates/platters) and hollow forms (bowls and a porringer) are about equally
represented (see Table 5.6). These include the six colonoware vessels represented in
the Foodways Group. The colonoware vessels include four bowls, one plate and one
porringer. One bowl (235-33AS) consists of an everted rim fragment with incised
decoration (Figure 5.1). The colonoware porringer (237-33AS) is represented by a
burnished handle (Figure 5.2). In terms of vessels used to serve and distribute food
(3.1 percent), there are two platters, one each of feather-edged creamware and
Whieldon-type ware (see Table 5.6). The fourth category, beverage service and
consumption wares (9.2 percent), includes four mugs/tankards and two punch bowls
(see Table 5.6).
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 78
�Table 5.5
Identifiable Ceramics by Vessel Function and Form, Foodways Group
Vessel Function
Vessel Form
Tablewares
Bowl
Mug/tankard
Plate
Plate or platter
Platter
Porringer
Punch bowl
Tableware, flat form
Tableware, hollow form
Tableware, unidentified
Coffee pot
Food Preparation
and Storage
Total
%
8
4
10
2
2
1
2
2
8
0
1
N
sherds
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
14
11
24
0
8
4
11
2
2
1
2
16
19
24
1
3.6
1.8
4.9
0.9
0.9
0.4
0.9
7.2
8.5
10.8
0.4
Creamer
Saucer
Slop bowl
Sugar bowl
Teabowl
Teapot
Teaware, flat form
Teaware, hollow form
Teaware, unidentified
Jug
1
4
1
1
7
1
2
13
3
1
0
2
0
0
3
0
4
32
38
0
1
6
1
1
10
1
6
45
41
1
0.4
2.7
0.4
0.4
4.5
0.4
2.7
20.2
18.4
0.4
Milk pan
Utilitarian, hollow form
Storage jar
Grand Total
Tea/Coffee
Service
N
vessels
2
7
1
84
0
10
0
139
2
17
1
223
0.9
7.6
0.4
100.0
Totals
%
89
39.9
113
50.7
21
223
9.4
100.0
Note: The ceramics listed in this table are identifiable with regard to vessel form. The ceramics excluded
from this table (n=224) can only be identified with regard to vessel category (hollow or flat), or are
unidentifiable with regard to vessel form and category.
Table 5.6
Identifiable Ceramic Tablewares, Foodways Group
Food consumption, flat form
Food consumption, hollow form
Beverage service and consumption
Food service
Totals
N vessels
14
17
6
2
39
N sherds
15
11
0
0
26
Total
29
28
6
2
65
%
44.6
43.1
9.2
3.1
100.0
Note: The ceramics excluded from this table (n=24) can only be identified by vessel form as
“tableware” but are unidentifiable with regard to vessel category (hollow or flat).
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 79
�Figure 5.1. Colonoware bowl, rim fragment
(235-33AS). Photo courtesy of the Digital
Archaeological Archive of Comparative
Slavery (http://www.daacs.org/)
Figure 5.2. Colonoware porringer handle (230-33AS).
Photo courtesy of the Digital Archaeological Archive of
Comparative Slavery (http://www.daacs.org/)
Tea and Coffee Service Wares
The tea and coffee service wares (n=113) constitute 8.7 percent of the Foodways
Group (see Table 5.2). This diverse assemblage includes pots for tea and coffee,
teabowls and saucers, a sugar bowl, creamer and slop bowl (see Table 5.5). Of the
identifiable foodways-related ceramics, the tea and coffee service wares represent 50.7
percent of the total (see Table 5.5). The ceramic vessels in this category were
produced in a variety of ware types including creamware, white salt-glazed stoneware,
Chinese and English soft-paste porcelains, Whieldon-type ware and Jackfield (see
Table 5.4). A selection of the tea/coffee service vessels is shown in Figure 5.3.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 80
�Figure 5.3. Tea/coffee service vessels, (a) Jackfield teapot lid (238-33AS), (b) creamware sugar bowl lid
(183-33AS), (c) creamware coffee pot lid (284-33AS)
Ceramic Food Preparation and Storage Wares
There are 11 vessels and ten sherds in this category, which constitute 16
percent of the Foodways Group (see Table 5.2). Of the identifiable foodways-related
ceramic assemblage, the food preparation and storage wares represent 9.4% of the
total (see Table 5.5). The vessels in this group include two Buckley milk pans and one
Fulham stoneware storage jug (Figure 5.4; see Table 5.4). There is also one
creamware jug. The rest of the assemblage (n=17) can only be identified as “utilitarian,
hollow form”.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 81
�Figure 5.4. Food preparation and storage vessels, (a) Buckley milk pan (201-33AS), (b) Fulham-type
stoneware storage jar (230-33AS)
Unidentifiable Ceramics
There are 224 ceramic vessels (n=3) and sherds (n=221) that are either flat or
hollow forms but their form types (e.g., tableware, teaware, utilitarian, etc.) cannot be
identified, or the artifact was unidentifiable by vessel category and form (see Table
5.2). This portion of the ceramic assemblage includes three delftware vessels (25333AS, 265-33AS and 269-33AS), two of hollow form and one of flat form (see Table
5.4), and 221 sherds.
Glass Assemblage
Of the glass, there are 16 vessels and 819 fragments from feature contexts
which constitute 64 percent of the Foodways Group (DAACS 2006b). There are glass
tablewares, beverage storage vessels and containers, and unidentified glass (see Table
5.2). The glass beverage storage and container category, with wine bottles prevailing,
represents the largest foodways-related category at 48.6 percent of the total. The 835
glass vessels and fragments are summarized by form, material and color in Table 5.7.
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Table 5.7
Glass Assemblage, Foodways Group
Material and Color
Tablewares
Drinking glass
Tableware, unid
Beverage Storage
and Containers
Bottle, unid
N
vessels
Total
%
Totals
%
Container, unid
0
2
2
55
2
57
0.2
6.8
59
7.1
lead, colorless
non-lead, aqua
non-lead, green
non-lead, light green
non-lead, green
non-lead, green
non-lead, light green
lead, colorless
non-lead, aqua
non-lead, green
non-lead, light green
0
0
0
0
2
12
0
0
0
0
0
3
7
19
10
0
540
4
14
18
1
4
3
7
19
10
2
552
4
14
18
1
4
0.4
0.8
2.3
1.2
0.2
66.1
0.5
1.7
2.2
0.1
0.5
634
75.9
lead, colorless
non-lead, aqua
non-lead, colorless
non-lead, green
non-lead, light green
non-lead, unid
Case bottle
Wine bottle
lead, colorless
lead, colorless
N
sherds
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
75
25
8
12
21
1
819
75
25
8
12
21
1
835
9.0
3.0
1.0
1.4
2.5
0.1
100.0
142
835
17.0
100.0
Unid Glass
Grand Total
Glass Tablewares
The two vessels and 57 glass fragments from this category constitute 4.5
percent of the Foodways Group (see Table 5.2). Glass tablewares include drinking
glasses and colorless lead glass that are probably fragments of either drinking glasses
or stemmed glasswares (see Table 5.7).
Glass Beverage Storage and Containers
There are 14 vessels and 620 glass fragments that in their original forms once
served to store beverages. This category constitutes 48.6 percent of the Foodways
Group (see Table 5.2) and includes case and wine bottles, unidentified bottles, and
unidentified containers (see Table 5.7).
While only two case bottles are represented in this category, 66.6 percent of the
glass foodways-related assemblage consists of non-lead, green or light green wine
bottles (see Table 5.7). The unidentified bottles and containers exhibit a greater range
of materials and colors (as compared to the wine bottles) from colorless, non-lead
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 83
�glass, to lead glass in aqua, green and light green. The category of “container”
consists of glass fragments that can only be identified as portions of hollow containers
but are otherwise too fragmentary to categorize as a bottle or more specific vessel form
(Aultman and Grillo 2003:5).
Unidentified Glass
The unidentified glass constitutes 10.9 percent of the Foodways Group (see
Table 5.2), and the 142 fragments of this group cannot be identified with regard to
form. There are fragments of lead and non-lead, colorless glass and non-lead glass
with colors ranging from aqua to green and light green which together represent 17
percent of the foodways-related glass assemblage (see Table 5.7).
Table Utensils
The 23 objects in this category amount to 18 percent of the Foodways Group
(see Table 5.2). All of the artifacts are incomplete, and just over half of the objects
cannot be identified with regard to specific form. There are 11 spoon fragments and
12 unidentified handle fragments (Table 5.8; DAACS 2006b). Although 18 objects are
listed in the DAACS “table utensils” query, five additional utensils can be found in the
DAACS “all other artifacts” query (1008-00012-NOS-00239 and 1008-00050-WTS00225; DAACS 2006b).
The majority of the utensils (47.8 percent) are molded spoon fragments of either
tin or lead alloy (see Table 5.8). Two of these are handle fragments with marks. The
first exhibits a maker’s mark of “H” (Figure 5.5), and the second has a postmanufacturing modification which consists of an incised Greek cross (Figure 5.6). The
unidentifiable two-piece utensil handles include eight bone fragments. One is a pistol
grip handle with evidence that the utensil once had a pointed tang. Two handles
exhibit a carved lattice design, and four handle fragments exhibit a cross-hatched
pattern. The last of the eight bone handles has a carved groove around the
circumference of the handle which may be a post-manufacturing modification. One
two-piece handle is tin plated (Figure 5.7). There are also three unidentifiable twopiece handles with rivet holes.
Table 5.8
Table Utensils, Foodways Group
Form
Spoon, one piece
Handle, two-piece, unidentified
Total
Palace Lands Archaeology
Description
Lead or tin alloy, molded
Bone, carved
Tin plating, molded
Unidentifiable
N
11
8
1
3
23
%
47.8
34.8
4.4
13.0
100.0
Page 84
�Figure 5.5. Table utensil, lead alloy spoon handle
with maker’s mark of “H” (63-33AS; 1008-00012NOS-00239). Illustration by Will Russell
Figure 5.6. Table utensil, lead alloy spoon handle
with incised Greek cross (20-33AS; 1008-00050WTS-00152). Illustration by Will Russell
Figure 5.7. Table utensil, tin-plated, two-piece handle (1008-00050-WTS-00154, 1008-00050-WTS00155, 1008-00050-WTS-00156 and 1008-00050-WTS-00157)
Architectural Group
The artifacts within the Architectural Group account for 42.19 percent of the
total number of artifacts (DAACS 2006b; see Table 5.1). This group is subdivided into
two major categories: building materials and door and window hardware (Table 5.9).
Of the Building Materials, most of the artifacts are either nails (54.55 percent) or
window glass fragments (31.65 percent). There are no whole artifacts represented in
the Door and Window Hardware category. The two window leads were retrieved from
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 85
�Feature 1 (sub-floor pit) and there are no impressed dates evident. One of the 34 iron
hinge fragments has a maker’s mark of N&I (1008-00019-DRS-00166).
Although structural remains were nearly absent at the site, the architectural
finds add a little more physical evidence to what the lone dwelling may have once
looked like. Based entirely upon the absence of postholes and builder’s trenches, the
dwelling is interpreted as having been a loghouse (see Chapter 6). The brick
fragments and shell mortar were used in the construction of the chimney that once
heated one room of the house. The window glass and window leads suggest that the
dwelling also had casement windows. It is possible that the lock part once served to
secure the front door. The relatively low number (n=14) of plaster fragments indicate
that the walls were plastered, although this does seem unlikely for a loghouse once
occupied by enslaved individuals.
Table 5.9
Architectural Group
Door and Window
Hardware
Form
Nail, iron
Window glass
Brick/daub
Mortar, shell
Plaster
Hinge, unid, iron
N
1308
759
153
126
14
34
%
54.55
31.65
6.38
5.25
0.58
1.42
Window came, lead
Latch, iron
Lock part, iron
Grand Total
Building Materials
2
1
1
2398
0.08
0.04
0.04
100.00
Totals
%
2360
98.42
38
2398
1.58
100.00
Sewing Equipment Group
There are 262 artifacts in this group comprising 4.61 percent of the artifact
assemblage (see Table 5.1; DAACS 2006b). All of the artifacts were recovered from the
sub-floor pit (Feature 1). The majority of the artifacts (96.9 percent) are straight pins,
which were produced in iron, copper alloy, and tinned copper alloy (Table 5.10). There
are also two iron alloy needle fragments; one is a shank fragment and the other is a
needle eye. The remainder of the assemblage includes two iron alloy scissor fragments
and four complete copper alloy thimbles (Figure 5.8). Two of the thimbles are small
and were most likely used by young girls.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 86
�Table 5.10
Sewing Equipment Group
Form and Material
Pin, straight, copper alloy
Pin, straight, iron
Pin, straight, tinned copper alloy
Thimble, copper alloy
Needle, iron
Scissors, iron
Total
N
240
9
5
4
2
2
Totals
%
254
4
2
2
262
96.9
1.5
0.8
0.8
100.0
Figure 5.8. Sewing Equipment Group; (a) copper alloy thimble (97-33AS; 1008-00054-WTS-00048), (b)
copper alloy thimble (24-33AS; 1008-00050-WTS-00190), (c) copper alloy thimble (83-33AS; 1008-00053WTS-00108), (d) copper alloy thimble (98-33AS; 1008-00054-WTS-00049).
Medicinal and Hygiene Group
The Medicinal and Hygiene Group includes objects that were once used for
personal grooming and hygiene/sanitation, and for health and healing (Table 5.11;
DAACS 2006b). The 118 objects in this group constitute 2.08 percent of the artifact
assemblage (see Table 5.1).
In terms of toiletries, there are three mirror fragments and two bone lice comb
fragments (1008-00050-WTS-00232 and 1008-00129-WTS-00106; see Table 5.11).
There is also one creamware chamber pot (292-33AS).
The bulk of the assemblage consists of health-related artifacts, including
pharmaceutical bottles which account for 89 percent of the group. The three vessels
and 102 fragments include leaded and non-lead glass (Table 5.12). Although most of
the pharmaceutical bottles are represented by small fragments, one nearly-complete
bottle and a base fragment were recovered from Feature 1 (sub-floor pit; Figure 5.9).
There are drug jars/salve pots represented by five delftware vessels (254-33AS, 255-
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 87
�33AS, 256-33AS, 258-33AS and 260-33AS) and one delftware sherd (1008-00050-FLT00003). A mended salve pot (254-33AS) is shown in Figure 5.10. The last object in
this group is a hollow bone nozzle portion of an enema syringe (50-33AS; 1008-00050WTS-00231). One end would have been encased in a gasket for a friction fit into the
rest of the syringe. The other end is pierced on both sides for internal irrigation in
multiple directions.
Table 5.11
Medicinal and Hygiene Group
Form
Pharmaceutical bottle
Drug jar/salve pot
Chamber pot
Mirror
Lice comb
Enema syringe
Total
N
105
6
1
3
2
1
118
%
89.0
5.1
0.8
2.5
1.7
0.8
100.0
Table 5.12
Pharmaceutical Bottle Assemblage, Medicinal and Hygiene Group
Material
Non-lead glass
Non-lead glass
Non-lead glass
Lead glass
Non-lead glass
Grand Total
Color
Aqua
Light Green
Gray/Smoky
Colorless
Colorless
Palace Lands Archaeology
N vessels
1
1
0
1
0
3
N fragments
50
26
16
9
1
102
Total
51
27
16
10
1
105
%
48.6
25.7
15.2
9.5
1.0
100.0
Page 88
�Figure 5.9. Medicinal and Hygiene Group, (a) non-lead glass, light green pharmaceutical bottle, base
fragment (1008-00050-WTS-00001) (b) non-lead glass, light green pharmaceutical bottle (1008-00050WTS-00053)
Figure 5.10. Medicinal and Hygiene Group, delftware salve pot (254-33AS). Photo courtesy of the Digital
Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (http://www.daacs.org/)
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Personal Group
The 32 artifacts in the Personal Group constitute 0.56 percent of the artifact
assemblage (see Table 5.1). The Personal Group is a catch-all group that includes
objects associated with leisure activities and childrearing (Table 5.13; DAACS 2006b).
There are three objects related to past participation in the market economy.
Two are coins: one is a Virginia halfpenny minted in 1773 (19-33AS; 1008-00050WTS-00244) and the other is a George II halfpenny minted in 1748 (79-33AS; 100800053-WTS-00128). The third object is a small, round lead alloy weight stamped with
the Roman numeral “1” (68-33AS; 1008-00019-DRS-00185; Figure 5.11). The rest of
the assemblage includes artifacts that can loosely be described as leisure-related
objects. The artifacts related to childrearing include two doll parts. One is a fragment
of a white porcelain doll’s head with one black eye intact (1008-00054-FLT-00014).
The other is a tear-shaped, white glass “eye” with a black dot painted in the center
(70-33AS; 1008-00053-WTS-00134). There are also eight toy marbles that could have
been used by both adults and children. A slate pencil fragment (1008-00277-DRS00070) is also present; the fragment measures 1.25 inches in length and has a
tapered end. The majority of the artifacts in this group, at 56.2 percent of the total,
are bone fan blade fragments, all of which were found within Feature 1.
Table 5.13
Personal Group
Form
Coin
Doll
Fan
Toy marble
Weight, unidentified
Writing slate
Total
N
2
2
18
8
1
1
32
%
6.3
6.3
56.2
25.0
3.1
3.1
100.0
Figure 5.11. Personal Group, lead alloy weight with the numeral “1” (68-33AS; 1008-00019-DRS00185). Illustration by Will Russell
Furniture Group
There are only six objects in the Furniture Group, which represents 0.11
percent of the artifact assemblage (see Table 5.1). The six objects are all copper alloy
upholstery tacks (DAACS 2006e).
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�Tobacco Group
There are 105 artifacts in this group which constitute 1.85 percent of the
artifact assemblage (see Table 5.1; DAACS 2006b). The tobacco pipes, all of which
were imported, amount to 99.05 percent of the group (Table 5.14). There is also one
green, non-lead glass snuff bottle (220-33AS; 1008-00019-DRS-00117, 1008-00019DRS-00118, 1008-00278-DRS-00050 and 1008-00019-DRS-00119) that accounts for
0.95 percent of the group (see Table 5.14).
Of the 104 tobacco pipe fragments, there are 53 (51 percent) that have
indeterminate bore diameters. The bore diameters for the remaining 51 pipe
fragments are provided in Table 5.14. There are seven bowl fragments which exhibit
either a maker’s mark or some form of decoration (Table 5.15). The identifiable
maker’s marks include “SH” and “BU.”
Table 5.14
Tobacco Group
Form
N
Tobacco pipe
Tobacco pipe
Tobacco pipe
Tobacco pipe
diameter)
Total Pipes
Snuff bottle
Grand Total
(4/64; 1740-1770)
(5/64; 1710-1740)
(6/64; 1680-1710)
(indeterminate bore
37
13
1
53
104
1
105
% of Total Pipes
(n=104)
35.6
12.5
1.0
51.0
% of Total Artifacts
(n=105)
100.0
99.05
0.95
100.00
Table 5.15
Maker’s Marks and Decorative Elements, Tobacco Pipes
Maker's Mark or Decoration
SH
SH
BU
Geometric, unidentifiable
Rouletted
Punctated dots
Unidentifiable maker's mark
Artifact ID
1008-00053-FLT—00001
1008-00053-WTS—00008
1008-00050-WTS—00020
1008-00132-DRS—00001
1008-00275-WTS—00002
1008-00129-WTS—00016
1008-00012-NOS—00103
Tool Group
There are five tools (Table 5.16; DAACS 2006b) representing 0.09 percent of the
artifact assemblage (see Table 5.1). One tool (1008-00050-WTS-00205) cannot be
identified. There is one iron alloy handle that may be a pocket corkscrew fragment
(1008-00275-WTS-00023). The rake (1008-00050-WTS-00227) is represented by three
prongs of a rake head. The assemblage also includes a whetstone (1008-00276-DRS00003) and a fragment of a draw knife (1008-00050-WTS-00203).
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�Table 5.16
Tool Group
Form and Material
Knife, draw, iron alloy
Rake, iron alloy
Tool, unidentified, iron alloy
Whetstone, sandstone
Handle, possible pocket corkscrew, iron alloy
Total
N
1
1
1
1
1
5
%
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
100.0
Native American Group
The Native American Group includes 11 artifacts (Table 5.17; DAACS 2006b), or
0.19 percent of the artifact assemblage (see Table 5.1). The prehistoric artifacts
collected from feature contexts are included in this chapter for several reasons. First,
these objects were probably found and curated by the site’s inhabitants as simple
curiosities or as objects that were given special meaning. For example, at the Nash
Site in Manassas, Virginia, an unearthed cache of six quartz crystals, a piece of
galena, and a quartz projectile point were interpreted as having ritual significance
(Jones 2001). The site was once occupied by an African-American family during the
late nineteenth century. It is also possible that objects like scrapers with functional
edges were re-used as tools by the site’s inhabitants. Finally, although the firecracked rock is categorized here as “Native American”, enslaved blacks also cooked
outdoors and it is possible that these artifacts were instead used and discarded by the
site’s inhabitants.
There are seven fragments of fire-cracked rock, one chert percussion flake, and
one quartzite scraper (see Table 5.17). There are also two quartz projectile points.
One is possibly a Savannah River Stemmed point (1008-00012-NOS-00223) dating to
the Archaic Period, and the other point fragment is unidentifiable (1008-00314-DRS00003).
Table 5.17
Native American Group
Form
Fire-cracked rock
Flake, percussion, chert
Point, quartzite
Scraper, quartzite
Total
N
7
1
2
1
11
%
63.6
9.1
18.2
9.1
100.0
Other Hardware Group
In this group, 29 artifacts are represented (Table 5.18; DAACS 2006b)
constituting 0.51 percent of the artifact assemblage (see Table 5.1). The majority of
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Page 92
�the assemblage (58.6 percent) consists of barrel hoop fragments. The singular items
include an iron hook, an iron pintle, an iron brace/angle fragment, a copper alloy
screw, and a modern washer that made its way into a ditch (F04). There are also two
iron tacks: one is complete and the other is a head and shank fragment. The three
wrought-iron staples include two round staples and one square staple. The last two
objects in this group are wrought-iron spikes.
Table 5.18
Other Hardware Group
Form
Barrel Hoop
Brace/Angle
Hook, unidentifiable
Pintle
Screw, unidentifiable
Spike
Staple
Tack, unidentifiable
Washer
Total
N
17
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
1
29
%
58.6
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
6.9
10.3
6.9
3.4
100.0
Arms Group
There are 12 artifacts in this group (Table 5.19; DAACS 2006b) which
constitute 0.21 percent of the artifact assemblage (see Table 5.1). The group includes
four lead alloy bullets and five lead alloy shot. The three gunflints include one
incomplete English gunflint of grey flint (1008-00053-WTS-00041) and two flakes (one
honey flint and one unidentifiable flint).
Table 5.19
Arms Group
Form and Material
Bullet, lead
Shot, lead
Gunflint, flint
Total
Palace Lands Archaeology
N
4
5
3
12
%
33.3
41.7
25.0
100.0
Page 93
�Clothing and Adornment Group
This group consists of 99 artifacts which account for 1.74 percent of the artifact
assemblage (see Table 5.1). The artifacts in this group include clothing hardware such
as buttons and shoe buckles, and adornment-related artifacts (Table 5.20; DAACS
2006b).
The clothing-related artifacts include one iron alloy clothing hook, four shoe
buckle fragments, and 59 buttons (see Table 5.20). The four shoe buckles include one
complete frame and three frame fragments with their tongues, hooks and pins
missing. The objects are cast copper alloy, single-framed, square/rectangular
buckles. Three of the four shoe buckles are shown in Figures 5.12 and 5.13. The
buttons account for 59.6 percent of the Clothing and Adornment Group (see Table
5.20; DAACS 2006e). The assemblage is fairly diverse with regard to size, material,
type and face decoration. In terms of type, most of the buttons are two-piece buttons
(n=42), and these include two two-piece, domed buttons, and one two-piece, semidomed button (Table 5.21). There are also three bone blanks/molds each with a
single hole. Two copper alloy buttons are flat discs with concave backs, and there are
also seven copper alloy flat-disc buttons and three pewter, flat-disc buttons. A single
one-piece, mother-of-pearl button has a copper shank. One button is represented by
a button shank only. With regard to material of manufacture (see Table 5.21), the
majority of the buttons have copper alloy faces (n=32) or are entirely made of copper
alloy (n=13). A selection of the buttons is shown in Figures 5.14, 5.15 and 5.16.
Table 5.20
Clothing and Adornment Group
Form
Bead
Button
Earring
Hook, clothing
Jewel, glass
Ring, finger
Shoe buckle
Total
Palace Lands Archaeology
N
23
59
1
1
8
3
4
99
%
23.2
59.6
1.0
1.0
8.1
3.0
4.0
100.0
Page 94
�Figure 5.12. Clothing and Adornment Group, (a) copper
alloy shoe buckle (25-33AS; 1008-00050-FLT-00020), (b)
copper alloy shoe buckle (81-33AS; 1008-00053-WTS00036). Illustration by Will Russell
Figure 5.13. Copper alloy shoe buckle
(123-33AS; 1008-00129-WTS-00002).
Illustration by Will Russell
Table 5.21
Button Assemblage, Clothing and Adornment Group
Button Type
One-piece
Two-piece
Two-piece, domed
Two-piece, semi-domed
Blank/Mold
Flat disc w/concave back
Flat Disc
Unid (shank only)
Total
Palace Lands Archaeology
Face Material
Shell
Cu Alloy
Missing
Cu Alloy
Cu Alloy
Cu Alloy
Missing
Cu Alloy
Cu Alloy
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Material
Not Applicable
Bone
Bone
Cu Alloy
Missing
Unidentifiable
Wood
Cu Alloy
Cu Alloy
Bone
Cu Alloy
Cu Alloy
Pewter
Unidentifiable
N
1
6
5
1
25
1
1
2
1
3
2
7
3
1
59
%
1.7
10.2
8.5
1.7
42.4
1.7
1.7
3.4
1.7
5.1
3.4
11.9
5.1
1.7
100.0
Page 95
�Figure 5.14. Clothing and Adornment Group; (a) copper alloy two-piece button with molded decoration
and bone back (33-33AS; 1008-00050-WTS-00141 and 1008-00050-WTS-00142), (b) copper alloy twopiece button with molded decoration and bone back (36-33AS; 1008-00050-WTS-00147 and 100800050-WTS-00148). Illustration by Will Russell
Figure 5.15. Clothing and Adornment Group; (a) copper
alloy, two-piece button with molded decoration and
missing back (34-33AS; 1008-00050-WTS-00143), (b)
copper alloy two-piece button with molded decoration and
bone back (87-33AS; 1008-00053-WTS--00081).
Illustration by Will Russell
Figure 5.16. Clothing and Adornment
Group; (left) tin alloy finger ring with a
silver wash (76-33AS; 1008-00053-WTS00130), (right) copper alloy flat-disc
button with missing shank (102-33AS).
Illustration by Will Russell
The adornment-related artifacts include beads and various forms of jewelry.
There are 23 beads (7 bead fragments and 16 complete beads) comprising 23.2
percent of the Clothing and Adornment Group (see Table 5.20; DAACS 2006e). One is
a wound, copper alloy bead, 15 are drawn glass beads and seven are wound glass
beads (Table 5.22). The colors listed under the “basic color group” entry in Table 5.22
are “the common English color names associated with the Munsell color ranges” used
by DAACS to catalog bead colors (DAACS 2006f). The discernable bead colors include
green, light green, gray and black. The majority of the beads (39.1 percent) are black,
barrel-shaped, drawn glass beads.
Of the jewelry, there is one small copper alloy ring that is probably an earring
fragment (1008-00050-WTS-00239), three finger rings, and eight glass jewels (see
Table 5.20). The finger rings include two carved bone rings (1008-00054-WTS-00061
and 1008-00129-WTS-00144) and a tin alloy ring with a silver wash (see Figure 5.16).
The latter ring was recovered from context 53 within Feature 1 (sub-floor pit) attached
to two other small copper alloy rings (Figure 5.17). The eight multi-faceted, glass
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 96
�jewels are without their cufflink settings; seven are blue and one is colorless. Seven of
the eight jewels were retrieved from Feature 1 (sub-floor pit) and are shown in Figure
5.18.
Table 5.22
Bead Assemblage, Clothing and Adornment Group
Material and Manuf Tech
Copper/copper alloy, wound
Glass, drawn
Glass, wound
Total
Shape
Sub-Spherical
Barrel
Barrel
Barrel
Barrel
Unidentifiable
Collared Spheroid
Spherical
Sub-Spherical
Sub-Spherical
Basic Color Group
Not applicable
Black
Green
Light green
Unidentifiable
Light green
Unidentifiable
Unidentifiable
Gray
Black
N
1
9
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
23
%
4.3
39.1
4.3
4.3
8.7
8.7
4.3
8.7
8.7
8.7
100.0
Figure 5.17. Clothing and Adornment Group; tin alloy ring with a silver wash (center; 1008-00053-WTS00130) as recovered from excavation attached to two copper alloy rings (photo taken prior to conservation)
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 97
�Figure 5.18. Clothing and Adornment Group, glass cufflink jewels/pastes (1008-00050-WTS-00223;
1008-00054-WTS-00064; 1008-00054-WTS-00065)
Horse and Transport Group
The eight objects in this group (Table 5.23; DAACS 2006b) amount to 0.14
percent of the artifact assemblage (see Table 5.1). The artifacts in this group are
evidence that draft animals were used at the site and that a horse or horses were
stabled there. The harness-related artifacts that were once used to attach either a
cart or equipment to a draft animal (or possibly for a horse and carriage) include two
copper alloy harness buckles. One buckle (1008-00053-WTS-00035) is a complete
double-framed, D-shaped buckle and the other (82-33AS; 1008-00053-WTS-00037) is
a fragment of a double-framed buckle (see Figure 5.12). There are also two harness
hooks. The first hook (1008-00275-WTS-00021) was attached to a whiffletree hook
and the second was a hook on the end of a whiffletree (1008-00302-DRS-00021).
There are two bits in the assemblage, and also a fragment of a saddle tree and a
stirrup fragment.
Table 5.23
Horse and Transport Group
Form and Material
Bit, harness, iron
Bit, snaffle, iron
Harness buckle, copper alloy
Harness hook, iron
Saddle tree, iron
Stirrup, iron
Total
Palace Lands Archaeology
N
1
1
2
2
1
1
8
%
12.5
12.5
25.0
25.0
12.5
12.5
100.0
Page 98
�Unidentified Artifact Group
There are 1,294 unidentified artifacts (Table 5.24; DAACS 2006b) that comprise
22.77 percent of the artifact assemblage (see Table 5.1). The majority of this group
(24.57 percent) consists of unidentifiable metal hardware. Although most of the
artifacts are either too fragmented or too poorly preserved to identify with certainty,
there are a small number of artifacts that have possible identifications. There is one
fragment of a bone handle (1008-00050-WTS-00180) and two iron alloy handle
fragments (1008-00012-NOS-00234 and 1008-00129-WTS-00117) that are probably
table utensil fragments. Of the ten unidentifiable metal rings, seven are made of
copper alloy; some of these could be curtain rings. The single, unidentified slate
fragment (1008-00054-FLT-00002) may be a portion of a writing slate. The fragment
has two or three parallel marks which may have been made with the slate pencil
recovered from the site. One unidentified copper alloy hardware fragment (43-33AS;
1008-00050-WTS-00234) is possibly a decorative finial for a piece of furniture (Figure
5.19).
Table 5.24
Unidentified Artifacts Group
Form
Corrosion/Rust
Handle, unidentified
Hardware, unidentified
Pebble (4-64mm)
Ring, unidentified
Scrap/Waste
Shatter
Sheeting
Slag
Slate, unidentified
Stone, natural
Strapping
Unidentified
Vessel
Wire
Total
Palace Lands Archaeology
Material
Metal
Bone
Metal
Metal
Unidentifiable
Metal
Mineral
Metal
Metal
Stone
Metal
Composite
Stone
Stone
Metal
Ceramic
Bone, carved
Glass
Metal
Stone
Synthetic
Unidentifiable
Metal
Metal
N
278
1
2
318
1
251
2
10
20
3
120
14
1
1
1
1
1
97
129
25
2
1
7
8
1294
%
21.48
0.08
0.15
24.57
0.08
19.40
0.15
0.77
1.55
0.23
9.27
1.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
7.50
9.97
1.93
0.15
0.08
0.54
0.62
100.00
Page 99
�Figure 5.19. Unidentified Artifact Group, copper alloy hardware, possible finial (43-33AS; 1008-00050WTS-00234)
Other Notable Artifacts
As stated at the beginning of this chapter, the plowzone artifacts and organic
finds (e.g., charcoal and shells) were to be excluded from the descriptive analysis of
the artifact assemblage. There are, however, a small number of finds that are
nonetheless worth commenting on.
The first artifact is a bottle seal (12-33AS; 1008-00023-DRS-00055) recovered
from plowzone context 23. The bottle seal is complete and reads “T. Everard 1768”
(Figure 5.20). Thomas Everard was twice mayor of Williamsburg and he owned a
house on the Palace Green next to the Governor’s Palace. He was also a wealthy
planter and slaveowner (Samford 1999:81-82). The bottle seal is noted here since it
presents the intriguing possibility of an exchange network between Everard’s enslaved
blacks and those who belonged to John Coke.
Another unique artifact recovered from the plowzone (context 14) is a lead alloy
whirligig (8-33AS), a child’s toy. Ivor Noël Hume (1972:320-321) wrote that a whirligig
was “a serrated-edged disc with two holes through the middle and mounted on a loop
of string. By twisting the string and then pulling the ends tight the disc could be
made to saw the air, creating a buzzing noise.”
Finally, although ecofacts were excluded from the discussion of the artifact
assemblage, there are fossil shells that were recovered from feature contexts (including
Feature 1) that may have been used for adornment. Some of the shells have
wormholes centered near the hinge that would have allowed someone to string and
wear them (Figure 5.21). Archaeologists recovered similar shells from the Rich Neck
Slave Quarter site and the Utopia slave quarter site (Fesler 2004:383). This pattern
suggests that enslaved Africans curated and used the shells during the eighteenth
century, at least within the Williamsburg area.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 100
�Figure 5.20. Bottle seal, “T Everard 1768” (12-33AS; 1008-00023-DRS-00055). Illustration by Will
Russell
Figure 5.21. Selection of fossil shells recovered from the Palace Lands site
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 101
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 102
�Chapter 6 – Interpretations
Introduction
Excavations at the Palace Lands site exposed the remains of a single dwelling
and a number of landscape features associated with the tenure of enslaved Virginians
from circa 1747-1769. These individuals lived and worked at what was then
considered a middling plantation consisting of 200 acres on the margins of
Williamsburg. Their owner, John Coke, was a goldsmith who managed to increase his
wealth and earning potential by operating a plantation and tavern, as well as by
investing in Williamsburg property. In addition to his acreage, Coke held title to a
house and five lots in town that he leased. Along with the livestock and other items
listed in his 1768 probate inventory (see Appendix F), Coke held nine individuals in
bondage, more so than most of his neighbors at the time (see Chapter 3). As is so
often the case, the archival record stops short of revealing who these individuals were
beyond their name, relative age, and monetary value. While it was impossible to
determine which of them were Coke’s field hands, there are some clues regarding the
site’s inhabitants.
In addition to summarizing the evidence regarding the site’s built environment,
and the likely composition of the household that lived there, this chapter takes up the
research questions posed earlier (see Chapter 2) regarding whether and how domestic
life may have differed on Coke’s plantation when compared to what enslaved field
hands experienced on grander plantations. Given the relative dearth of archaeological
research on middling plantations, it was decided that a comparative study, rather
than one focused solely on the Palace Lands assemblage, would result in more
potentially useful interpretations of enslaved lifeways. Of course, many aspects of
everyday life, especially the drudgery of working in the fields, was shared across
plantations both large and small. Enslaved field hands on Virginia plantations worked
in teams from sun up to sundown and had to negotiate meeting their own needs and
desires with that of the enforced labor demands. Despite the enormous constraints on
household life imposed by slavery, we know that those living at plantations like
Monticello (Kelso 1986), Poplar Forest (Heath 1999a), Carter’s Grove (Walsh 1997),
and Mount Vernon (Schwarz 2001) managed to assert some degree of autonomy within
the domestic sphere. Did this hold true for the minority of field hands who labored on
the hundreds of middling plantations that dotted the colonial landscape?
This concluding chapter begins with a discussion of the evidence related to the
sole dwelling discovered at the site to try and determine how the house may have been
constructed. It considers the landscape features related to the site’s occupation as
well. Using both the historic sources and archaeological data, I then attempt to
address the question of who likely lived at the site. Finally, the bulk of this chapter’s
discussion focuses on the research questions that drove the artifact analysis. The
results of the comparative analysis of the Palace Lands artifacts with two other slave
quarter assemblages are presented.
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�The Built Environment
By the time John Coke purchased his 200 acres in 1747, previous owners had
already used the land for planting for at least 40 years prior. The Palace Lands site
was located on the southernmost portion of the parcel that was referred to in early
eighteenth-century land transactions as “Whaley’s Old Field,” where James and Mary
Whaley established their plantation home (see Chapter 2). Still, with the work of a
small number of enslaved field hands, the soil continued to yield subsistence and cash
crops. When advertised in 1769 for sale or lease, the property was described as
“…exceeding good land, and in order for cropping.” There was ample room for Coke’s
cattle, horses, and sheep, and most of the acreage was wooded at the time providing
lumber for sale and use on the plantation. Tributaries of Queen’s Creek wove through
the property providing fresh water, and Capitol Landing Road crossed through it,
which eased the transport of crops for sale, and the movement of people to and from
town. The site’s inhabitants had plenty of natural resources at hand to help
supplement their diet and clearly capitalized on their close proximity to woodlands
and nearby Queen’s Creek. Among the faunal remains there was evidence for the
consumption of raccoon, opossum, and turtle, and a range of freshwater fish
(including striped bass, catfish, and white perch).
Whether the dwelling that once stood on the site was already there when Coke
bought the land, or was built anew to house his enslaved blacks is unknown. There
were ceramics recovered from the site that were produced prior to 1747 (e.g.,
Delftwares, white salt-glazed stonewares), but these all have production dates that
overlap with or exceed the site’s occupation span. According to architectural historian
Willie Graham (personal communication, 2007), the house was likely a log structure
that sat on the ground. The house probably started out as a one-room dwelling with a
brick end chimney. A second room was then added and the dwelling’s inhabitants
subsequently dug a large root cellar into the new addition’s dirt floor. The dwelling
also had glass windows, shards of which were recovered from a number of feature
contexts, including a dense concentration from Feature 4. The house was somewhat
anomalous when compared to contemporaneous dwellings for enslaved Virginians
which typically had multiple root cellars and a mud-and-stick chimney. The single
root cellar suggests that the house was built to accommodate a family (Fesler 2004).
The feature TPQs (see Table 4.8, Chapter 4) indicate that the site’s ditches and
post-and-rail fences were constructed following occupation of the house. In all
likelihood, the fences were built first, probably to corral Coke’s livestock, and the
ditches were added along one fenceline to prevent rainwater from prematurely rotting
the wooden fence posts. Mottled clay and thin lenses of silt at the bottom of the
ditches indicate that these were regularly dug out to catch rainwater which inevitably
eroded ditch walls over time. Overlapping postholes and multiple postmolds in the
same postholes point to the replacement of fence posts as needed. This occurred
during the operation of Coke’s plantation and also during the subsequent occupation
near the site.
Although enslaved Virginians commonly kept subsistence gardens (Heath and
Bennett), no evidence of one was found at the site. The flotation samples (see
Appendix D) collected have yet to be processed, but likely contain the remains of
charred seeds of domesticated garden species. The site’s residents undoubtedly raised
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�domestic fowl as among the faunal remains there were domesticated turkey and
chicken bones. The only other archaeological clues relating to landscape use were the
remnants of past activities scattered across the area in the form of debris. Discarded
pottery and container fragments, food remains and other refuse ended up in both
postholes and ditches, and were deliberately used to fill in the defunct root cellar.
Northwest of the house (in relation to the excavation grid), there was a deep ravine (see
Figure 4.6, Chapter 4) that excavators tested. Filled only with mid-eighteenth-century
artifacts, the ravine was a natural feature used to dispose of refuse.
Despite two intensive surveys of the site area, archaeologists identified the
remains of only one dwelling. The artifacts recovered from its related features confirm
that the dwelling’s inhabitants lived there during Coke’s ownership of the plantation.
The quarter’s likely social organization is addressed in the next section.
Social Organization at the Palace Lands Site
By the second half of the eighteenth century, field hands on Chesapeake plantations
increasingly raised corn, tobacco and wheat as the plantation economy shifted
towards crop diversification. The number of field hands varied, but the wealthiest
planters usually kept a minimum of ten full hands and their family members at each
of their satellite plantations (Walsh 1993). Thus, it was common to find 15 to 20 fulland part-time field hands, including adults and children of varying ages, residing at
any one quarter. Their communities were most often composed of multiple
households which relied on one another both within the fields and the domestic
sphere. Ties of kinship, both fictive and real, and the shared experiences of
deprivation and enslavement fostered close-knit communities.
Coke’s plantation quarter housed a much smaller population of field hands who
bore the responsibility of raising his crops and livestock. Coke’s probate inventory
(see Chapter 3 and Appendix F) is the best historical source that can shed some light
on who may have occupied the site. Its date of 1768 closely coincides with the end of
occupation at the quarter around 1769, when his heirs put the plantation, livestock,
and several enslaved individuals up for sale. There were five adult males – Tom,
Squire, Debford, James, and Phill – three adult females – Lucy, Alice, Sylvia, and a
child, Judith, listed in Coke’s probate. Although it is not known for certain which of
these individuals lived at Coke’s plantation, the artifacts suggest that a woman and
her female child were residing there at some point. Among the assemblage are doll
fragments and two child-sized thimbles, presumably used by a young girl learning to
sew. Since enslaved women were the primary caretakers of their children, the girl’s
mother was almost certainly living with her.
The mother’s possessions included the sewing implements, a possible earring
fragment, and portions of a fan recovered from the site. Enslaved households
consisting of women with their children were not uncommon in colonial Virginia, but
the evidence of firearms and metal buttons more often used for men’s clothing
suggests that at least one adult male lived at the site (Fesler 2004:378-384; Galle
2010). This individual(s) was more than likely related to the mother and daughter. By
the time the quarter was occupied, it was common practice among slaveowners to
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�assign individual houses to families. Whether he was a spouse and father, or another
child that reached adulthood on the plantation, will never be known.
Based on the evidence, it is proposed that a household composed of kin-related
family members, including at least two females and one male, resided at Coke’s
plantation. However, given the twenty-year occupation span of the quarter, it’s
possible that different groups lived at the site over time, including ones composed of
unrelated, single men. Garrett Fesler’s (2004:95) study of household formation
patterns across small (less than eight enslaved individuals present) and large
plantations indicated that for the former, co-resident families of any kind were less
frequent than for the latter. Thus, the presence of a household at Coke’s was not the
norm for middling plantations.
The handful of individuals assigned to live and work on Coke’s plantation were
responsible for a multitude of tasks. In addition to planting, his field hands tended
Coke’s cattle, sheep, and horses. With ample wooded acreage, the male(s) living there
undoubtedly felled trees for use at Coke’s various properties and for sale. There is
also the strong possibility that the field hands were required to work from time to time
off the plantation. Although he owned eight adults at the time of his death, Coke’s
various business interests coupled with maintaining a gentile home life with live-in
domestics likely kept his enslaved workers constantly busy. One can imagine people
filling in as needed at Coke’s tavern, or doing miscellaneous chores at his home, shop,
and rental properties. It was also common practice to hire out enslaved laborers.
Thus, the range and scheduling of tasks for Coke – some of which required time away
from the quarter – may have made it more difficult to balance institutional labor with
household needs. Moreover, the cooperative network that typified slave quarter
communities on grand plantations was absent at Coke’s quarter. Its sole household
would have shouldered the burden of the daily and weekly tasks deemed necessary for
creating and maintaining a home life.
Comparative Analysis of Household Assemblages
The Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS) facilitates a
comparative analysis of assemblages by standardizing artifact identification and
cataloging for the sites within its archive. In addition to the Palace Lands site, two
other sites were chosen for this analysis based on their periods of occupation,
location, and factors related to planter wealth: the demographic of the slave quarters,
labor management, and likely provisioning system. The sites in question are the Rich
Neck (44WB52) and Utopia IV (44JC787) slave quarters. It must be noted that
previous publications on both sites are referenced in this chapter (Fesler 2004;
Franklin 2004). Since the authors did not use DAACS-generated inventories to
perform their analyses, and also included artifacts from a higher number of contexts
for their research, there are discrepancies between their results and in what follows.
The Rich Neck and Utopia IV Slave Quarters
Situated on the outskirts of Williamsburg, the Rich Neck slave quarter dates
from circa 1700 to the 1770s with abandonment sometime after 1773. Rich Neck was
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�one of nine tobacco plantations owned by Phillip Ludwell III and operated as a
“satellite,” or outlying, plantation consisting of 3,865 acres. The land had been in the
family and used for tobacco planting since the 1660s. During the seventeenth
century, Rich Neck was home to the slaveowning family, indentured servants, and
enslaved Africans (Muraca et al. 2003). The Ludwells later removed to Green Spring
plantation and a manager was hired to oversee work. In 1760, Ludwell III and his
family departed to England where he died in 1767. Rich Neck is the only one of the
three sites for which there is firm evidence, in the form of Ludwell’s 1767 probate, of
who lived at the site at the time of his death. The quarter was home to 21 enslaved
individuals of varying ages and genders; there were small children and women and
men of advanced age. Given that the site was continuously occupied by field hands
belonging to the same wealthy family over decades, its inhabitants undoubtedly
formed multiple kin-related households with generational depth. The quarter’s
occupation consisted of two dwellings, with the earliest (68AP) dating to circa 17001740 (Agbe-Davies 1999). The second dwelling (68AL), a two-room duplex with a
central hearth, was inhabited between 1740 to the 1770s. Two households once
resided in this duplex, and only the artifacts associated with their tenure were
included in the analysis. Upon Ludwell III’s death, trustees controlled the property
until his daughter Lucy Paradise inherited Rich Neck in 1770. Lucy and her husband,
John, were also absentee slaveowners.
The second site, Utopia, was once part of the 1,280-acre Littletown/Utopia
plantation located along the James River. Enslaved field hands occupied Utopia
beginning in the 1670s when the plantation was owned by Thomas Pettus (Fesler
2004:6). As ownership of Littletown/Utopia changed over time, four sequential groups
of enslaved laborers resided at the Utopia quarter until the 1770s. Archaeologists
numbered each occupation phase and their related features ending with Utopia IV
(circa 1745-1775). In 1745, Lewis Burwell IV acquired a portion of the original tract
that included Utopia upon his marriage to James Bray III’s widow, Frances Thacker
Bray. At the time, Burwell was already a wealthy planter and resided nearby on his
1,500-acre Kingsmill Plantation (Kelso 1984). By the 1760s, Burwell owned about 100
enslaved Virginians (Fesler 2004:135) and hired a succession of overseers to supervise
his holdings. Fesler (2004:126) noted that 27 individuals, related through kinship and
marriage, lived at Utopia IV. They were almost certainly the same field hands
quartered there when their previous owner, James III, died. Utopia IV’s occupation
was represented by three dwellings, including a duplex. Like the Rich Neck dwelling,
two households occupied this duplex, referred to as Structure 140. Only the artifacts
associated with Structure 140 were considered for analysis.
All three of the quarters were located within four miles of the colonial capital of
Williamsburg. Coke’s plantation was less than a mile from town, Rich Neck within two
miles, and Utopia was about four miles southeast of town. Unlike John Coke, Burwell
and Ludwell were considered the elite of Virginia society, and possessed large
slaveholdings and multiple plantations. Coke was likely the only one of the three who
had direct and regular dealings with his field hands. His Williamsburg residence was
close to his plantation and within an easy horse ride up Capitol Landing Road, and
there is no evidence to suggest that he hired an overseer.
To summarize, the artifacts from the three quarters chosen for analysis date
mainly to the third quarter of the eighteenth century. All three quarters were occupied
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�by field hands, and were located within a four-mile radius of Williamsburg. They
differed, however, with respect to their number of inhabitants and the status and
wealth of the planters who owned them. Coke owned nine enslaved individuals, of
which several composed a single household quartered on his plantation for a period of
20 years. Over 20 individuals lived at each Rich Neck and Utopia IV. These
communities were composed of multiple households whose members were kin-related,
with some generational depth present among them. The duplexes (Structure 140 and
68AL) at both quarters each served as the residence for two households for a period of
about 25-30 years.
The Artifact Assemblages
The Palace Lands assemblage was used as the starting point to determine
which artifact groups would be used for comparison (Table 6.1). As noted in Chapter
5, the assemblage is characteristic of those from Virginia slave quarter sites in general,
even though Coke’s plantation was a modest one. Thus, as expected, all of the artifact
groups for the Palace Lands were likewise represented by both the Rich Neck and
Utopia IV assemblages. Most of the specific artifact groups chosen for analysis reflect
eighteenth-century activities that crossed racial and class lines: tobacco smoking,
foodways, childrearing (including social reproduction), and health and hygiene. Some
tasks straddled plantation and household labor, including raising subsistence crops
and making repairs to fences and dwellings; artifacts within the Tools Group were
implicated in both. Thus, while the use of categories for analytical purposes is helpful
and necessary, they can simultaneously hinder interpretations if adhered to too
closely. For example, items from the Clothing and Adornment group blur the
boundaries between personal possession and individuality, and the role of the
household in socializing children into gendered subjects.
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�Table 6.1
Artifact Groups and Related Forms
Artifact Group
Arms
Forms
Bullet, Gunflint, Shot
Clothing and
Adornment
Foodways
Aiglet, Bead, Buckle, Button, Cufflink, Earring, Hook, Eye, Jewel, Pin,
Ring, Stud
Ceramic: Bowl, Coffee pot, Creamer, Cup, Jelly mold, Jug, Milk pan,
Mug/can, Mug/tankard, Plate, Platter, Porringer, Punch bowl, Saucer,
Slop bowl, Storage vessel, Sugar bowl, Teabowl, Tea pot, Unid:
Tableware, Unid: Teaware, Unid: Utilitarian, Unid: Ceramics
Glass: Case bottle, Stemware, Stopper, Tumbler, Unid:bottle, Wine bottle
Metal: Cork screw, Flesh fork, Hook, pot; Lid, Pot, Pan, Utensil
Bone: Utensil handle
Candlestick, Curtain ring, Furniture hardware, Heater insert, Upholstery
tack
Chamber pot, Drug jar/salve pot, Enema syringe, Lice comb, Mirror,
Pharmaceutical bottle
Coin, Cowrie shell, Doll, Fan, Fishing weight, Ice skate, Jaw harp,
Marble, Strike-a-light, Unid weight, Writing slate
Needle, Scissors, Straight pin, Thimble
Snuff bottle, Tobacco pipe
Auger, Axe, Chisel, Draw knife, Drill, Ferrule, File, Gimlet, Hammer,
Hoe, Folding knife, Rake, Saw, Scythe, Socket chisel, Tool handle, Unid
tool, Wedge, Whetsone
Furnishings
Medicinal and
Hygiene
Personal
Sewing
Tobacco
Tools
Most of the recovered finds were excluded from the analysis either because they
didn’t fall into one of the chosen artifact groups, or were not from archaeological
contexts associated with the enslaved households in question. Of the former, these
included architectural remains, horse and carriage hardware, miscellaneous hardware
such as bolts and screws, slag, ecofacts (faunal and botanical remains), lithics,
charcoal, and unidentified artifacts. There were also a number of artifacts with
ambiguous identifications, such as “unidentified knife,” “finial,” or “boss” that could
not easily be categorized into a specific group. Unidentifiable ceramics, however, were
retained and categorized with the Foodways Group since most of the ware types were
those commonly produced as tablewares and for tea service. The grand total of
artifacts and ecofacts from each site is represented in Table 6.2, which also indicates
the percentages of the finds that were ultimately considered for analysis.
Table 6.2
Total Number of Artifacts and Ecofacts by Site
Palace Lands
N artifacts used
for analysis
N artifacts and
ecofacts
excluded
Grand Totals
Str 140 Utopia IV
68AL Rich Neck
N
1802
%
5.5
N
2071
%
6.40
N
3026
%
1.00
30531
94.43
30307
93.60
301078
99.00
32333
100.00
32378
100.00
304104
100.00
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�The much higher artifact count for Rich Neck (DAACS 2012a) is mainly due to
the flotation sampling protocol followed during excavations (Franklin 2004;
Mrozowski, Franklin, and Hunt 2008). While flotation samples were also collected
from Utopia and the Palace Lands, at Rich Neck nearly all of the feature fill underwent
flotation. The vast majority of the 304,104 finds were faunal specimens, fish, in
particular. With respect to the contexts chosen for analysis, the Palace Lands site
witnessed a later site occupation, thus only those artifacts associated with the
eighteenth-century site inhabitants (namely, from feature contexts) were included. For
Utopia IV, only artifacts retrieved from feature contexts (mainly subfloor pits)
associated with Structure 140 were included (Appendix L; DAACS 2012b). Likewise,
only artifacts recovered from Structure 68AL feature contexts (Appendix M) at Rich
Neck were considered.
It would have been ideal to compare single households across the sites,
however, ceramic crossmend evidence for Rich Neck precluded this possibility.
Contiguous crossmends linked the deposition of fill between features in both cabins of
the duplex there, as well as with plowzone contexts (Franklin 2004). It was clear that
as root cellars fell out of use over time, both households residing in the duplex used
refuse gathered from their communal midden to backfill their cabin’s subfloor pits.
Thus, it was impossible to associate any of the artifacts with specific households.
While there was no ceramic crossmend evidence for Utopia IV, it’s probable that the
inhabitants of Structure 140 likewise backfilled defunct subfloor pits in similar
fashion.
Research Questions
Each of the three research questions posed in Chapter 2 are considered in what
follows.
1. Since the number of field hands at Coke’s was lower than at large plantations, did
this have detrimental effects on their ability to balance institutional with household
labor?
More broadly speaking, this question is about how enslaved field hands on
small plantations coped without the social networks typical of larger slave quarter
communities that were crucial for a number of reasons. Inter-household dependence
was based on cooperation in domestic and agricultural work, and strengthened
through mutual obligations in sharing skills, knowledge, and resources. Moreover,
most of these large quarter communities, including Rich Neck’s and Utopia IV’s, were
related by blood and marriage (Kulikoff 1986; Walsh 1997). Parents could rely on
their relations to care for their children in their absence, and elders too old to labor in
the fields were often taken in by family members. This offered some sense of stability
and peace of mind to enslaved field hands. In addition, Burwell and Ludwell had at
their disposal a large labor force that included skilled artisans and domestics. Thus,
field hands at Utopia IV and Rich Neck mainly spent their time on the plantation
working. Coke’s management of his workforce may have varied, with his enslaved
men and women rotating between his different business interests as needed. If the
scheduling of tasks required his field hands to work in town, there would have been
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�periodic disruptions in their home life. Unable to consistently invest time in the
chores that were essential for creating and maintaining a domestic life, one would
expect their assemblage to differ from that of Rich Neck’s and Utopia IV’s.
At first glance, the relative percentages of each artifact group, save for Tobacco,
and to a lesser extent, Foodways and Sewing, are similar (Table 6.3 and Figure 6.1).
Artifacts associated with foodways, especially wine bottles and ceramics, are typically
the first or second largest artifact group (behind architectural remains) for historic
dwelling sites owing to a number of factors including the use life and breakage
patterns of ceramics and glass, their post-depositional preservation, and the
predominance of food-related activities that took place at these sites. Other than the
regularity with which they appear in much smaller numbers than architectural and
foodways-related artifacts, there is not a well-defined pattern of relative frequencies for
the remainder of identifiable artifacts from slave quarters. This holds true for the
assemblages considered here. As mentioned previously, the assemblages are so alike
as to suggest that the domestic life of enslaved field hands was strikingly similar in
terms of the range of tasks they performed, their leisurely pursuits, and the material
culture they had at their disposal.
Yet, in practice, there was one potential, significant difference: the burden of
the workload, especially for gender-specific tasks. Enslaved women bore the
responsibility for much of the domestic work, including food preparation, sewing,
childrearing, laundering, and keeping house in general (Fesler 2004; Franklin 2001;
Galle 2004; Jones 1985:29-43; Schwartz 1996; Wilkie 2003; Yentsch 1994). The
female social networks of larger quarters helped to alleviate the stress of balancing
agricultural work with domestic chores, as women came together to perform a number
of these tasks (White 1985). The mother at Coke’s quarter managed to meet the
expectations of her household, but at what cost to herself? Without other women
residing nearby, she was charged with raising her daughter and tending to the needs
of her family while expected to work in the fields. There are two possible scenarios.
One is that if the gendered social norms of household labor was adhered to at Coke’s,
the matriarch there had a greater domestic burden but was still able to meet the
needs of her family. Alternatively, the adults of the household shifted to a more
flexible social organization of chores, crossing gender lines as needed to complete
tasks. Thus, it is important to consider the social organization of labor in addition to
the kinds of labor suggested by the results of the artifact analysis.
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�Table 6.3
Artifact Groups by Site
Artifact Group
Arms
Clothing and
Adornment
Foodways
Furnishings
Medicinal and Hygiene
Personal
Sewing
Tobacco
Tools
Totals
Palace Lands
N
%
12
0.7
99
5.5
1164
6
118
32
262
105
4
1802
64.6
0.3
6.5
1.8
14.5
5.8
0.2
100.0
Str 140 Utopia IV
N
%
4
0.2
126
6.1
1004
15
184
23
66
609
40
2071
48.5
0.7
8.9
1.1
3.2
29.4
1.9
100.0
68AL Rich Neck
N
%
52
1.7
169
5.6
1593
20
74
30
261
811
16
3026
52.6
0.7
2.4
1.0
8.6
26.8
0.5
100.0
Figure 6.1. Percentages of artifact groups by site
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�2. Did Coke provision his enslaved field hands in similar ways to elite planters, and if
not, how might this have influenced their home life?
Wealthy slaveowners like Ludwell and Burwell provided field hands with food
rations, some clothing and shoes, a blanket, and a few basic provisions that included,
usually, an iron pot and/or frying pan for cooking, and tools (Walsh 1997:90-93). It
appears that Coke, although of more moderate means, followed suit. The
archaeological remains of iron cooking wares and tools are normally either absent, or
present in small numbers – almost always as fragments rather than whole – at slave
quarter sites. There were no recovered metal cooking wares from Palace Lands, while
small numbers were retrieved from Structure 140 at Utopia IV and Rich Neck (Table
6.4). Similarly, relatively low numbers of tools were recovered from all three sites (see
Tables 6.3 and 6.5).
Table 6.4
Metal Foodways-related Objects by Site
Form
Corkscrew
Hook, pot
Lid
Pan
Pot
Pot
Material
Iron
Iron
Iron
Copper alloy
Copper alloy
Iron
Totals
Palace Lands
N
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
Str 140 Utopia IV
N
0
6
1
2
0
4
13
68AL Rich Neck
N
1
0
0
0
1
1
3
Table 6.5
Tools Group and Related Activities by Site
Palace Lands
Activity
Agriculture,
gardening
Woodworking
,
construction
Multipurpose
Blade
Sharpener
Unidentified
Form
Hoe, Rake, Scythe
N
1
%
25.0
Str 140
Utopia IV
N
%
10
25.0
68AL Rich
Neck
N
%
4
25.0
Adze, Auger, Axe, Chisel,
Drill bit, File, Gimlet,
Hammer, Draw Knife, Saw,
Socket chisel, Wedge
Folding Knife
1
25.0
11
27.5
8
50.0
0
0.0
10
25.0
0
0.0
Whetstone
1
25.0
4
10.0
3
18.8
Ferrule, Handle, Unid Tool
Totals
1
4
25.0
100.0
5
40
12.5
100.0
1
16
6.3
100.0
Cooking implements, in particular, seem to have been provisioned in low
quantities: one to two pots or pans per quarter, not per household (Fesler 2004:357358; Kern 2005:262). The 1767 probate inventory for Rich Neck lists axes, wedges,
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�three harrow teeth, 23 hoes, a grindstone, and two iron pots. The two pots were
presumably shared by the quarter’s three to four households. What Burwell
provisioned for Utopia is unknown, but the 1726 probate for one former owner, James
Bray II, lists one iron pot each for most of his outlying plantation quarters (Fesler
2004:427-431). Coke’s 1768 probate does not distinguish between the various
properties inventoried. However, it may be that the quarter was inventoried first.
Nestled in between the itemization of livestock, including “24 head of cattle” and
horses, is a one-line entry for “1 iron pot, 1 frying pan [torn] oxen.” Near the bottom of
the probate is a list of tools likely provisioned for the quarter: “6 axes, 3 spades, 7
hoes, garden rake, 2 forks.” Not surprisingly, slaveowners ensured that field hands
had ample tools for labor, but felt that upwards of three to four households should
make do with one to two pots.
There are at least two reasons why metal tools and cook wares, though
regularly used, constitute relatively low percentages of assemblages. Their durability
was surely a factor, and they required less replacement over time. Thus, their discard
rate was much lower than for ceramics, for example. Second, the tools and iron cook
pots listed in probates, like people and livestock, were considered the property of
slaveowners (Gaynor et al. 1988:32). At the time of site abandonment, these items, if
still in working condition, were curated and re-used elsewhere or sold.
On a case-by-case basis, slaveowners provided firearms. Usually given to a
trusted male for hunting, rather than as a provision for a quarter, evidence for
firearms use is commonly recovered from slave quarter sites. As with tools and pots,
however, artifacts related to their use are small in number (see Table 6.3; Table 6.6).
It is important to note that the evidence of firearms use at slave quarters is almost
always in the form of lead shot or bullets, gunflints, and more indirectly, the faunal
remains of large game like white-tailed deer. Such was the case for the Palace Lands,
Utopia IV duplex, and Rich Neck. It is rare to find gun or rifle parts at these sites
(although seven fragments were discovered within other feature contexts at Utopia).
As with metal pots, this is due to their durability, the care that owners imparted to
firearms, that only one or two were used at a quarter, and curation.
Table 6.6
Arms Group by Site
Form
Bullet
Gunflint
Shot
Totals
Palace Lands
N
4
3
5
12
Str 140 Utopia IV
N
0
0
4
4
68AL Rich Neck
N
1
13
38
52
Finally, planters were known to distribute blankets, clothing, and shoes to field
hands. Clothing was usually of the roughest sort, as slaveowners were more
concerned with durability and cost rather than comfort, fit, and fashion for his
workforce (Baumgarten 1988; Kern 2005:274-275; Walsh 1997:187-191). In fact,
since clothing was rationed to enslaved field hands once or twice a year on average,
mainly one set each for summer and winter wear, most of the clothing-related artifacts
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 114
�from slave quarters was likely acquired via purchase, not as provisions or hand-medowns. Wealthy slaveowners in Virginia tended to dole out second-hand clothing to a
domestic or groom, likely following the English practice of gifting old clothing to
personal servants (Baumgarten 1988:12). This was usually an enslaved individual
who stood high in the planter’s hierarchy, who lived in close proximity to, or within,
the mansion, and had frequent interactions with him. If second-hand clothing made it
into the quarters, it was probably through bartering between enslaved individuals.
Thus, in the case of these three slave quarters, slaveowners’ routine provisions
seem not to have varied. Each quarter was provisioned with one or two metal cook
pots, tools, and a trusted male or males living at each was given a firearm. The
discard rate for these items was relatively low (and in the case of firearms, completely
absent) despite their heavy use since these items were durable, and if still usable by
the time of site abandonment, were curated. Slaveowners provisioned material
resources like tools and pots, unlike clothing and food, per slave quarter, not per
household, and the practice was likely the same regardless of plantation/quarter size.
Although the tools, pots and firearms provided were few in number at each
quarter, they nonetheless played a significant role in enslaved domestic life. The iron
kettles and frying pans were probably the main implements used for cooking since the
vast majority of the foodways-related artifacts from the three assemblages were for
food and beverage service, consumption, or storage. The various tools were used for
both plantation and household labor. One can imagine a hoe being used to plant both
cash crops and for subsistence gardening. With firearms, hunting game also put
additional food on the table. Thus, the relatively low percentages of these items tend
to mask their centrality to enslaved households.
3. To what extent were Coke’s field hands able to participate in the consumer revolution
that characterized the period?
Enslaved consumerism is an important line of inquiry for addressing how
households sought to improve their standard of living (Walsh 1997:183-186), and
demonstrated preferences for particular kinds of goods. If slaveowners of both small
and large plantations provisioned quarters with few material resources beyond tools
and iron pots, and were unlikely to bestow hand-me-downs to field hands, then
consumerism must have accounted for much of what is represented in the
assemblages. Enslaved men and women earned cash through a variety of means, and
coinage is regularly recovered from slave quarter contexts. Coins, undoubtedly lost by
their owners, were found at all three of the sites: two each at the Palace Lands site,
and from Structure 140 at Utopia, and 15 at Rich Neck. Importantly, there is stronger
evidence for shopping versus provisioning or hand-me-downs to help explain how
goods made their way into slave quarters.
Enslaved consumers included men and women, and those who worked at
trades, in the big house, and in the fields. Virginia store ledgers and account books
document their purchases, providing clues as to what kinds of items they favored.
Chief among them were ready-made clothing, including hats and stockings, textiles,
and adornment-related items (Heath 2004; Gaynor et al. 1988:33-36; Martin
2008:174-185). People also purchased buttons, dyes, ribbons, and sewing supplies:
needles, pins, thread, and scissors. Sewing implements were recovered from all three
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 115
�quarters (see Table 6.3; Table 6.7), and sewing and working with textiles in general
was considered women’s work (Fry 1990; Galle 2004; Jones 1985:30-31). Females
labored as seamstresses and spinners for wealthy slaveowners, and were responsible
for making, altering, and mending clothes for their families. Two small thimbles
recovered from the Palace Lands site were the likely possessions of a young female
who learned to sew from her mother. There was clearly a demonstrated need to
supplement their meager clothing rations, yet there were additional motivations for
purchasing items related to dress.
Table 6.7
Sewing Group by Site
Palace Lands
N
%
2
0.8
254
96.9
2
0.8
4
1.5
262
100.0
Form
Needle
Pin, straight
Scissors
Thimble
Totals
Str 140 Utopia IV
N
%
0
0.0
55
83.3
6
9.1
5
7.6
66
100.0
68AL Rich Neck
N
%
0
0.0
259
99.2
1
0.4
1
0.4
261
100.0
Two related observations stand out regarding the artifacts from the Clothing
and Adornment group. First, most of the items must have been store-bought, being
too ornate or superfluous for everyday wear for field hands to have been part of their
rationed clothing. Second, enslaved men and women used clothing as a means to
differentiate themselves and to work against the homogenizing effects of provisioned
clothing (Galle 2010:28; Heath 1999b; Hunt 1996; Martin 2008:183-184; Thomas and
Thomas 2004; Walsh 1997:187-191). Provisioned clothing was not only plain and
cheaply made, but field hands of the same sex received the same items (Baumgarten
1988; Hunt 1996:229). Adding ribbons and fancy buttons to clothing, dyeing clothes,
and accessorizing with a hat or scarf were forms of self-expression (Hunt 1996).
Table 6.8
Clothing and Adornment Group by Site
Palace Lands
Category
Adornment
68AL Rich
Neck
N
%
78
46.2
Shoe
hardware
Other
clothing
Unid
clothing
N
27
%
27.3
68
68.7
68
54.0
87
51.5
4
4.0
0
0.0
2
1.2
Aiglet
0
0.0
4
3.2
1
0.6
Buckle
0
0.0
0
0.0
1
0.6
Totals
Clothes
fastener
Form
Bead, Jewelry (Earring,
Finger Ring)
Button, Hook and Eye,
Stud, Cufflink (Sleeve
button), Jewel for
Cufflink, Stock Buckle
Buckle
Utopia IV Str
140
N
%
54
42.9
99
100.0
126
100.0
169
100.0
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 116
�Among the clothing-related artifacts from all three sites are those once attached
to ready-made garments, and clothing women made or embellished. Clothes fasteners
constitute the majority of each assemblage (see Table 6.8). Most are buttons, with
metal buttons, used mainly for men’s clothing (Galle 2010:25; White 2005:57-59),
predominating. Although wood and bone buttons were common during the eighteenth
century, fewer of these were recovered from each site. The buttons from the Rich Neck
duplex are represented in Table 6.9 (see also Franklin 2004:125-127; DAACS 2012a).
Nearly half of the buttons, 49 percent, from Structure 140 are copper alloy. Similarly,
of the 59 buttons recovered from the Palace Lands, nearly all (n=45) have copper alloy
faces or are entirely made of copper (see Chapter 5). More than a few of these buttons
were cast or stamped with ornate designs. Stock buckles were another clothing item
used by men. It was common for males to wear a neck handkerchief fastened with a
stock buckle (White 2005:45). Four of these, made of copper alloy, were recovered
from Structure 140. Artifacts related to adornment, namely beads and jewelry, were
more than likely worn by women (see Table 6.8). Most of the beads are made of drawn
or wound glass in a range of shapes and colors, including blues, greens, white, red,
gray, and black. Some of the beads are colorless. Though fewer in number, there are
also copper and porcelain beads. An individual(s) at the Rich Neck quarter also carved
faceted and square-shaped beads from shell.
Table 6.9
Buttons by Material and Manufacturing Technique, 68AL Rich Neck
Form
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
Button,
1 Piece
1 Piece, domed
2 Piece
2 Piece
2 Piece
2 Piece
2 Piece, domed
2 Piece, semi-domed
2 Piece, semi-domed
Blank/Mold
FD concave back
FD concave back
FD concave back
Flat Disc
Flat Disc
Flat Disc
Flat Disc
Not Recorded
Unidentifiable
Unidentifiable
Material
Copper Alloy
Pewter
Bone
Copper Alloy
Missing
Missing
Missing
Copper Alloy
Copper Alloy
Bone
Copper Alloy
Copper Alloy
Pewter
Copper Alloy
Copper Alloy
Copper Alloy
Pewter
Not Recorded
Copper Alloy
Unidentifiable
Manufacturing Technique
Cast
Cast
Cut/Carved
Stamped
Not Applicable
Unidentifiable
Unidentifiable
Cast
Stamped
Cut/Carved
Cast
Spun Back, cast
Cast
Cast
Spun Back, cast
Stamped
Cast
Not Recorded
Stamped
Not Applicable
Total
N
1
1
8
2
5
4
1
1
2
2
4
3
1
7
4
4
5
10
1
14
80
The remainder of the clothing artifacts, including hooks and eyes (White
2005:74-75), was not used for gender-specific dress. Cufflinks, referred to more
commonly in the past as “sleeve buttons,” were worn by men and women to dress up
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 117
�clothing (White 2005:61-62). These were two buttons attached with either a metal
chain link or bar. Colored glass jewels, or “pastes”, once used as insets for cufflinks
were recovered from all three sites. Individuals used these fasteners for sleeves, at the
neckline of shirts, and for women’s waistcoats (Cofield 2012:99, 102-106). Since
cufflinks could be moved from garment to garment it was a convenient way to
accessorize and personalize clothing. Their cost varied depending on the kind of metal
and inset used, making them affordable for most (Cofield 2012:102-103; White
2005:61-62). Someone residing at the Rich Neck quarter, however, managed to buy a
set of expensive silver sleeve buttons and a silver shirt stud.
If the artifacts are representative of what people regularly purchased in terms of
clothing and adornment, then their choices were driven by desires to broadcast their
gender subjectivities and as a means of self-expression (Heath 1999b; Thomas and
Thomas 2004; White 2005). Rather than save money by buying cheaper buttons or
making their own simply for functional purposes, people bought stock buckles, beads,
finger rings, cufflinks, and fashionable buttons. Most of these were non-essential for
everyday wear. In her comparative regional study of enslaved consumer practices,
Jillian Galle (2010) found that certain men purchased expensive metal buttons at a
higher rate than others in order to signal desirable traits (e.g., skills, mobility, earning
potential) in their search for prospective spouses, or to solidify existing abroad
marriages. Regardless of whether there were single men or men in abroad marriages
at any of the three slave quarters considered here, the higher quantities of metal
buttons relative to other kinds of fasteners does not mean that male consumers
invested more in their appearance than women. Women were accustomed to using
non-durable goods like ribbons, head scarves, or applied dyes to plain fabrics to stand
out.
Other items that enslaved consumers purchased included tools, knives, lead
shot and gunpowder, ceramics, cooking vessels, alcohol and food (e.g., sugar,
molasses), mirrors, hardware, and drinking vessels (Heath 1999a:51-52, 2004:29;
Katz-Hyman 2000:I-3; Martin 2008:174-175). Most of these are commonly recovered
from slave quarter sites. Men probably purchased the folding knives recovered from
Utopia IV, and undoubtedly the lead shot found at all three sites. Save for the food
and beverages, enslaved consumers mainly purchased items that were portable and
that they intended to take with them. It follows that sewing implements and clothingand adornment-related artifacts, being small finds, likely made their way into the
archaeological record through loss rather than discard.
It is possible that some of the ceramics from the Palace Lands site were handme-downs from John Coke. In comparing the ceramics, specific to the Palace Lands,
there is a higher proportion of wares for tea and coffee service (50.7 percent) relative to
tablewares and vessels for food preparation and storage (Table 6.10). Not only is there
a higher frequency of tea and coffee wares for the Palace Lands, but a more diverse set
of forms identified for this category and for tablewares (Table 6.11). The household at
Coke’s quarter discarded fragments of a teapot, coffee pot, slop bowl, sugar bowl,
creamer, teabowls, and saucers (see also Chapter 5). This is quite an array, and more
diverse than the tea and coffee ceramics for the duplexes at the Rich Neck and Utopia
IV sites combined. Although this could represent a purchasing pattern favoring
teawares (Franklin 2004:224-228), it’s more likely that Coke’s enslaved field hands
received second-hand ceramics from his tavern operation.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 118
�Table 6.10
Foodways-related Ceramics by Site
Category
Tableware
Tea and Coffee Service
Food Preparation and
Storage
Totals
Palace Lands
N
%
89
39.9
113
50.7
21
9.4
223
100.0
Str 140 Utopia IV
N
%
132
55.9
63
26.7
41
17.4
236
100.0
68AL Rich Neck
N
%
137
47.1
99
34.0
55
18.9
291
100.0
Table 6.11
Vessel Forms, Ceramic Tea/Coffee and Tableware by Site
Form
Bowl
Coffee pot
Creamer
Cup
Mug, can, tankard
Plate
Platter
Porringer
Punch bowl
Saucer
Slop bowl
Sugar bowl
Teabowl
Teapot
Palace Lands
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Str 140 Utopia IV
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
68AL Rich Neck
x
x
x
x
x
-
In their research of Southall’s Quarter (44JC969) in James City County,
archaeologists raised the question of whether the quarter’s location on a busy
thoroughfare used for trade, and its distance from the manor house, allowed the field
hands residing there to participate more freely and frequently in the local market
economy (Pullins et al. 2003:7-10). The assemblage included pastry/pudding pans,
platters, a possible sauceboat, tureen, and tureen stand, all vessels that are unusual
for a slave quarter. Rather than suggest that these items were purchased, the authors
concluded that these were second-hand items from James Southall’s successful
Williamsburg tavern (Pullins et al. 2003:171-173). As Southall ordered new wares for
his business, he distributed the older ceramics to his field hands. John Coke
probably did the same as the enslaved men and women who lived and worked in his
home and tavern likely had less need for used ceramics. Chipped but still usable
vessels and out-of-fashion wares probably ended up at Coke’s quarter (see also Kern
2005:267). Thus, it may be that Coke’s status as a tavern owner, and not just factors
concerning his wealth or plantation management, had a direct influence on the
materiality of domestic life within the quarter.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 119
�To date, there is little evidence to suggest that there were major constraints that
generally kept enslaved field hands from participating in the local and regional market
economies, both as producers and consumers. The authors of one study noted that,
“Market regulations, by their very quantity in Virginia towns, imply a strong African
American presence…Later eighteenth-century regulations of Virginia towns did not
prohibit slave activity but tried to regulate it, most commonly through the requirement
of written permission by owners to prevent the sale of stolen foods” (Walsh et al.
1997:88-89). Moreover, wealthy planters encouraged the practice since it benefitted
their bottom line, going so far as to purchase produce and game from their enslaved
workers (Heath 2004; Walsh 1997:183-186). Virginia planter Landon Carter wrote in
his diary that, “My people always made things to sell and I oblige them to buy linnen
to make their other shirt instead of buying liquor with their fowls” (Greene 1965:484).
Proximity to markets does not appear to have dampened enslaved consumerism
either. Heath’s (2004) study of enslaved producers and consumers at Poplar Forest
included an analysis of store ledgers and daybooks from merchants in seven counties,
indicating how widespread the practice was. Even enslaved individuals living in
frontier areas of Virginia, like the Shenandoah Valley, found the means to shop
(Martin 2008). Thus, the opportunities to participate in local markets were open to
enslaved laborers from both small and large plantations, and those in both urban and
remote locales. Still, it may have been easier for those living in large slave quarter
communities to raise garden crops and chickens, to hunt and fish, and partake in
other activities as a means of earning cash or to barter goods for store purchases.
They had the benefit of pooling their labor with others for household-related chores,
freeing up their time.
A comparison of the three assemblages demonstrates that households at all
three sites made very similar consumer choices, favoring sewing implements, and
items to dress up their appearance. Even artifacts from the Personal Group (Table
6.12), unique as they are (and often why they’re included in this category of
miscellanea), suggest some consumer patterns. Toys and other items are represented
in at least two of the three assemblages. With regard to who did the shopping, Heath
(2004) observed that single men and women, and older adults whose children were no
longer dependents, were most often consumers (see also Martin 2008:175). People
often bartered or sold produce, eggs, and game, and those with young children needed
all of the food they produced to feed themselves and their family. If this was the case
at Coke’s quarter, the adults residing there may have delayed participating in the
market system until their child was older.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 120
�Table 6.12
Personal Group by Site
Form
Coin
Fan Blade/Part
Fishing weight
Jews/Jaw Harp
Strike-a-light
Toy
Weight, unid
Writing Slate
Totals
Palace Lands
N
%
2
6.3
18
56.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
10
31.3
1
3.1
1
3.1
32
100.0
Str 140 Utopia IV
N
%
2
8.7
0
0.0
2
8.7
1
4.3
0
0.0
16
69.6
2
8.7
0
0.0
23
100.0
68AL Rich Neck
N
%
15
50.0
0
0.0
2
6.7
1
3.3
1
3.3
7
23.3
1
3.3
3
10.0
30
100.0
Conclusion
Archaeological research of the Palace Lands site provided an opportunity to
investigate a slave quarter on a middling plantation. Since the majority of slave
quarters excavated so far were once part of much larger holdings, it was hoped that
this project could contribute to writing a more inclusive and holistic narrative of
Virginia slavery. Did differences in demographics and planter wealth influence the
dynamics of domestic life? Were there contrasts in plantation management, especially
with regard to regular and special provisions doled out, that might have differentially
impacted the materiality of everyday life? Was participation in the local market
economy same for field hands on small and large plantations? These questions were
best addressed via a comparative analysis, and a summary of the results follows
below.
With regard to the first question: wealthy planters typically kept at least ten
full hands at each of their outlying plantations, while middling planters like Coke had
as little as two field hands but usually no more than eight. For the former, multiple
kin-related households residing at a single quarter was the norm. With the interhousehold cooperation in plantation work and domestic chores that this enabled, it
was expected that those residing at Coke’s found it more difficult to balance the two.
Their artifact assemblage, however, was comparable in artifact types and the relative
frequencies of artifact groups to those from Rich Neck and Utopia IV. The activities
represented across the assemblages included food preparation and communal dining,
hunting, and sewing. Socialization and childrearing at the Palace Lands were
indicated by toys, including fragments of a doll, a miniature creamware saucer, and
two complete thimbles. The implication is that there were two possible responses from
the household. First, the elder female at Coke’s plantation had a greater domestic
workload than was typical of her peers on large plantations. Since women were
responsible for many of the daily household chores, she likely struggled more so than
her counterparts on large quarters to balance fieldwork, childrearing, and the upkeep
of her domicile. Second, the male or males at the quarter helped with childrearing,
food preparation, and other chores normally reserved for females.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 121
�The second question addressed provisions. Although wealthy slaveowners
supplied few material provisions to field hands, these items proved to be essential to
them beyond plantation work. At a minimum, enslaved households used provisioned
tools for raising subsistence gardens, chopping wood for the fireplace, and for repairs
to dwellings. Building a chicken coop, digging out a root cellar, crafting a bed or
adding a loft to one’s house are other likely possibilities for which tools were put to
use. Access to provisioned tools also opened up opportunities to produce items and
foodstuffs for local markets. The metal pots and pans were also essential household
items. These are typically the only items once used for cooking that archaeologists
recover from slave quarter sites. Based on the probate inventories, pots were
provisioned per quarter rather than per household, with one or two pots being the
norm. Cost certainly factored into the decisions slaveowners made regarding outfitting
a quarter. It may also be that they were aware that enslaved households often shared
chores, and decided that one or two pots would suffice for multiple families.
In terms of the three quarters considered here, the provisions were probably
comparable even though John Coke was not as wealthy as Ludwell or Burwell.
Although the assemblage from Coke’s quarter did not include the remains of metal
cookwares or tools typically provisioned to field hands (with the exception of a rake
fragment), his probate inventory suggests that his field hands had the same range of
implements for labor and cooking as did those residing at Utopia and Rich Neck. The
allocation of tools is not surprising, nor is their absence from the Palace Lands
assemblage. The practice of curating usable tools and iron pots, which remained the
property of slaveowners, means that few if any of these will be recovered from slave
quarter sites. In terms of irregular provisions, Coke entrusted firearms to at least one
individual and his field hands were probably given second-hand goods, especially
ceramics, from his tavern. This would help to explain the higher quantities of tea and
coffee wares from the site. While enslaved field hands relied heavily on these
provisions which helped to sustain their household economy, it was through
participation in local markets where they acquired the bulk of their movable
possessions.
Despite the archaeological and historical evidence suggesting that enslaved
individuals were active consumers, this is a topic for which there are few sources
compared to others regarding enslaved lifeways. Moreover, slave quarter assemblages
so often include “high end” goods that archaeologists tend to assume that wealthy
slaveowners were in the habit of doling out their old clothes and household goods to
their field hands. Yet planters like Jefferson and Ludwell owned dozens of field hands,
making this unlikely. With regard to the Palace Lands case study, might factors such
as higher workloads for Coke, or other constraints he might have imposed on his
laborers circumscribed their ability to participate in Williamsburg’s marketplace? The
evidence suggests not.
Since field hands occupied the bottom rung of slaveowners’ social order,
minimal expenditures went into their clothing and food rations despite their
overwhelming importance to the plantation economy and a slaveowner’s prosperity.
Given few material provisions by slaveowners, whatever possessions enslaved
households managed to acquire was a result of their own efforts, and rather than an
idiosyncratic or irregular activity, shopping must have played an integral role in their
household economy. The artifacts retrieved from their former living spaces represent
Palace Lands Archaeology
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�only a partial record of their material world, and yet it’s enough to demonstrate that
consumerism as a goal influenced decisions regarding household production and
consumption that enslaved field hands made on a regular basis (Heath 2004). What
garden crops could they grow in abundance to ensure that there was surplus to barter
or sell? What kinds of wild game should they target for sale, and would their time and
energies be better spent fishing or hunting on a Sunday? Could they spare a dozen
eggs to purchase much-needed sewing supplies?
Although shopping gave enslaved men and women the opportunity to buy a
range of goods, the existing literature reveals a pronounced pattern with respect to the
kinds of items enslaved shoppers purchased. Even taking into consideration
individuals’ preferences for specific styles of cufflinks or buttons, or bead colors and
shapes, altogether there is uniformity in the categories of goods that enslaved
consumers invested in at all three quarters. Folding knives, toys, jaw harps, alcohol,
sewing implements, and myriad clothing- and adornment-related objects were
represented across nearly all of the assemblages. Some items were undoubtedly
purchased based on need, but they all speak to self-determination and a motivation to
establish some semblance of a home life.
The comparative study of the Palace Lands, Rich Neck, and Utopia IV sites
suggests that the social organization of those who occupied slave quarters was a
significant criterion in terms of how everyday lifeways played out in these settings.
The comparability between all three assemblages was largely due to their association
with households made up of kin, and their domestic chores. The individuals who
resided at Coke’s plantation were socially organized as a kin-related household with at
least one child, a female, present. This family lived within a social and material world
that would have resonated with other enslaved households across Virginia’s colonialera landscape, most of whom lived on large plantations. In contrast, the number of
enslaved Africans working on small plantations was often as low as one to two
individuals who were mainly adults, and oftentimes male. While they may have
formed households of their own, this is an issue that needs to be addressed and not
something to be assumed. Thus, what was revealed about the enslaved household at
Coke’s plantation, specifically the range of domestic activities, may not apply to other
small plantations where households did not form.
Where there were quarters for enslaved field hands, regardless of the size of the
plantation, they probably received similar provisions: tools and a cook pot. The
amount of food and the number of clothing rations varied even between wealthy
slaveowners, and it is unknown what Coke rationed on a regular basis. Still, the
enslaved family who resided at Coke’s were clearly active as producers and consumers
in the local market economy, and purchased items that underscored their
determination to be seen as individuals, and to realize some domestic normalcy away
from the fields. Meeting the high demands of institutional labor while undertaking
labor that enabled one to participate in the consumer revolution would have been a
tremendous challenge, and was one of the major obstacles to shopping. More so for
families with children to rear. With dependents to care for, parents were less likely to
shop (Heath 2004; Martin 2008). Yet some archaeological evidence for market
consumerism can be expected at slave quarter sites both large and small, regardless of
distance to markets and the presence of households. In general, where enslaved field
hands formed households, there were shared norms in the acquisition of, and
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 123
�investment in, household and personal possessions and the roles that material culture
played in daily life.
Finally, while the discussion in this chapter has revolved around households
and the “everyday”, it’s important to emphasize that what’s been referred to as
“domestic” was never an autonomous, bounded space. The artifact categories used,
while necessary for analytical purposes, also had the unintended effect of
compartmentalizing activities and practices into domestic versus other. However, as
previously mentioned, artifacts can and often do represent the overlapping spheres of
daily life and plantation labor: a woman smoking a pipe filled with tobacco that she
harvested months ago, a man repairing a fence on the plantation with a hammer that
he will soon use to install a loft in his family’s cabin. Extending the observation to
other practices, one can more easily realize how entangled the institution of slavery
was with everyday life: a family consuming their weekly ration of corn from bowls they
purchased in town, a wife brings out her sewing kit to mend a shirt her spouse
received as part of his provisioned clothing. In the end, questions concerning enslaved
lifeways, including the ones raised by this research, must continue to be
contextualized within the broader structures and processes of slavery that enslaved
Africans and creoles variously contested, negotiated or managed to live with.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 124
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Page 133
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 134
�Appendices
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 135
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 136
�Appendix A. Dryscreen and Wetscreen Samples, Features 1, 4, and 5 (F01, F04,
and F05)
Feature No.
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F05
Feature Type
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Palace Lands Archaeology
Context
12
50
129
53
54
19
204
205
206
207
277
278
213
221
279
211
214
217
234
295
298
275
Recovery Method
Dryscreened 50 liters; wetscreened 20 liters
Wetscreened 100%
Wetscreened 100%
Wetscreened 100%
Wetscreened 100%
Dryscreened; wetscreened 20 liters
Wetscreened 100%
Dryscreened north half; wetscreened south half
Wetscreened 100%
Dryscreened north half; wetscreened south half
Dryscreened; wetscreened 20 liters
Dryscreened; wetscreened 20 liters
Wetscreened 100%
Dryscreened north half; wetscreened south half
Dryscreened; wetscreened 10 liters
Dryscreened north half; wetscreened south half
Wetscreened 100%
Dryscreened north half; wetscreened south half
Dryscreened north half; wetscreened south half
Dryscreened; wetscreened 10 liters
Dryscreened; wetscreened 10 liters
Wetscreened 100%
Page 137
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 138
�Appendix B. Soil Chemistry Samples
Feature No.
Feature Type
Context
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F12
F12
F13
F13
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
204
205
206
207
277
278
318
213
221
211
214
217
234
279
295
298
51
310
274
319
275
296
248
299
300
301
302
303
304
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
325
228
336
68
340
Palace Lands Archaeology
Sample (N
boxes)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Page 139
�Feature No.
Feature Type
F14
F14
F15
F15
F15
F16
F17
F17
F18
F18
F20
F20
F21
F21
F22
F22
F23
F23
F24
F24
F25
F25
F27
F27
F27
F28
F28
F29
F31
F31
F32
F32
F33
F33
F34
F34
F35
F36
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Postmold
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Palace Lands Archaeology
Context
33
257
35
251
253
41
43
44
45
268
21
255
38
342
323
344
107
125
82
198
76
194
94
297
309
92
193
235
293
327
291
330
289
329
287
332
283
335
Total
Sample (N
boxes)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
79
Page 140
�Appendix C. Phytolith and Pollen Samples
Feature
No.
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
F06
Feature Type
Deposit Type
Context
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
12
50
129
53
54
19
204
205
206
207
277
278
318
213
221
211
214
217
234
279
295
298
51
310
274
319
275
296
248
299
300
301
302
303
304
311
312
313
314
315
316
320
325
Palace Lands Archaeology
Sample Size
(cups)
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Column
Sample
Page 141
�Feature
No.
F08
F12
F12
F13
F13
F14
F14
F15
F15
F15
F16
F17
F17
F18
F18
F20
F20
F21
F21
F22
F22
F27
F27
F27
F29
F31
F31
F32
F32
F33
F33
F34
F34
F35
F35
F36
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Feature Type
Deposit Type
Context
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Postmold
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
Posthole
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Cut/Depositional Basin
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Postmold
Fill
Plowzone
Plowzone
Plowzone
Plowzone
Plowzone
Plowzone
Plowzone
Plowzone
Plowzone
307
228
336
68
340
33
257
35
251
253
41
43
44
45
268
21
255
38
342
323
344
94
297
309
235
293
327
291
330
289
329
287
332
283
321
335
37
62
158
159
161
162
164
165
170
Palace Lands Archaeology
Sample Size
(cups)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Column
Sample
Page 142
�Feature
No.
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Feature Type
Deposit Type
Context
Sample Size
(cups)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Plowzone
Modern layer
Plowzone
Plowzone
Plowzone
Plowzone
Plowzone
171
180
182
183
241
246
259
NA
NA
Plowzone
260
NA
NA
Plowzone
261
NA
NA
Plowzone
262
2
2
1
2
2
1
1 - modern control;
surface sample
1 - modern control;
surface sample
1 - modern control;
surface sample
1 - modern control;
surface sample
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
NA
NA
NA
NA
Topsoil
Ravine fill
Ravine fill
Ravine fill
Ravine fill
Ravine fill
Ravine fill
Ravine fill
Possible 18th-century
topsoil
Sterile subsoil
Ravine fill
NA
NA
Plowzone
265
NA
NA
Plowzone
270
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
271
271
271
271
271
271
0-6 cm
6-10 cm
10-20 cm
20-30 cm
30-38 cm
38-46 cm
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Topsoil
Ravine fill
Ravine fill
Ravine fill
Ravine fill
Possible 18th-century
topsoil
Transition to subsoil
Sterile subsoil
Plowzone
271
271
272
46-52 cm
52-57 cm
Palace Lands Archaeology
263
264
Column
Sample
0-6 cm
6-10 cm
10-20 cm
20-30 cm
30-40 cm
40-50 cm
50-60 cm
60-70 cm
70-78 cm
78-86 cm
1 - modern control;
surface sample
1 - modern control;
surface sample
1 - modern control;
surface sample
1 - modern control;
surface sample
Page 143
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 144
�Appendix D. Flotation Samples
Feature Type
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Pit, subfloor
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Ditch, other
Context
12
50
129
53
54
19
204
205
206
207
277
278
318
213
221
211
214
217
234
279
295
298
51
274
275
248
299
300
301
302
303
304
311
312
313
314
315
316
320
317
Total
Palace Lands Archaeology
Sample Volume
(liters)
15
20
50
20
5
5
15
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
12
5.5
14
11
11.5
10
11
10
10
14
11
10
11
10
12
10
10
8.5
401.5
Stratigraphic Group
(SG)
SG01
SG02
SG02
SG03
SG04
SG07
SG07
SG07
SG07
SG07
SG07
SG07
SG07
SG09
SG09
SG11
SG11
SG11
SG11
SG11
SG13
SG15
SG16
SG17
SG18
SG20
SG20
SG20
SG20
SG20
SG20
SG20
SG21
SG21
SG21
SG21
SG21
SG21
SG21
SG25
Total Vol
Per SG
15
70
20
5
55
10
25
5
5
12
5.5
14
77.5
74
8.5
401.5
Page 145
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 146
�Appendix E. Ceramic Vessels
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 147
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
189
190
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
191
192
193
194
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00012-NOS--00121
1008-00019-DRS--00061
1008-00012-NOS--00131
1008-00012-NOS--00137
1008-00012-NOS--00138
1008-00012-NOS--00139
1008-00012-NOS--00140
1008-00012-NOS--00141
1008-00012-NOS--00142
1008-00012-NOS--00143
1008-00012-NOS--00144
1008-00012-NOS--00145
1008-00012-NOS--00146
1008-00012-NOS--00147
1008-00012-NOS--00148
1008-00012-NOS--00149
1008-00012-NOS--00150
1008-00012-NOS--00151
1008-00012-NOS--00152
1008-00012-NOS--00153
1008-00012-NOS--00154
1008-00012-NOS--00155
1008-00012-NOS--00156
1008-00012-NOS--00157
1008-00012-NOS--00158
1008-00012-NOS--00159
1008-00012-NOS--00211
1008-00012-NOS--00212
1008-00277-DRS--00031
1008-00277-DRS--00032
1008-00277-DRS--00033
1008-00277-DRS--00034
1008-00295-DRS--00014
1008-00298-DRS--00005
1008-00129-WTS--00060
1008-00012-NOS--00175
1008-00050-WTS--00158
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
12
19
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
277
277
277
277
295
298
129
12
50
F01
F04
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F01
F01
F01
N sherds
N vessels
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ware
1
1
1
1
1
1
Redware
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Page 148
Form and Vessel Category
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Milk Pan
Teaware, flat
Teabowl
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
196
197
197
198
199
199
200
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
202
202
203
204
204
205
206
207
207
208
208
209
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00012-NOS--00176
1008-00050-WTS--00105
1008-00050-WTS--00106
1008-00050-WTS--00107
1008-00050-WTS--00109
1008-00050-WTS--00112
1008-00053-WTS--00026
1008-00129-WTS--00071
1008-00129-WTS--00072
1008-00129-WTS--00003
1008-00054-WTS--00029
1008-00054-WTS--00030
1008-00050-WTS--00159
1008-00012-NOS--00122
1008-00012-NOS--00123
1008-00050-WTS--00065
1008-00012-NOS--00203
1008-00012-NOS--00204
1008-00050-WTS--00108
1008-00050-WTS--00110
1008-00050-WTS--00111
1008-00050-WTS--00127
1008-00053-WTS--00039
1008-00129-WTS--00004
1008-00129-WTS--00005
1008-00129-WTS--00006
1008-00012-NOS--00116
1008-00012-NOS--00117
1008-00012-NOS--00118
1008-00053-WTS--00017
1008-00053-WTS--00018
1008-00278-DRS--00036
1008-00012-NOS--00120
1008-00019-DRS--00059
1008-00278-DRS--00037
1008-00019-DRS--00060
1008-00221-DRS--00001
1008-00278-DRS--00038
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
12
50
50
50
50
50
53
129
129
129
54
54
50
12
12
50
12
12
50
50
50
50
53
129
129
129
12
12
12
53
53
278
12
19
278
19
221
278
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
N sherds
N vessels
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ware
Form and Vessel Category
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
Buckley
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Saucer
Plate
Plate
Teaware, hollow
Saucer*
Saucer*
Tableware, hollow
Milk Pan
Milk Pan
Milk Pan
Milk Pan
Milk Pan
Milk Pan
Milk Pan
Milk Pan
Milk Pan
Milk Pan
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Teabowl*
Bowl*
Bowl*
Teaware, hollow
Plate or platter
Tableware, flat
Tableware, flat
Slop bowl, teaware*
Slop bowl, teaware*
Tableware, hollow
Page 149
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
210
211
211
211
211
211
211
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
227
228
230
230
230
230
230
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00053-WTS--00019
1008-00012-NOS--00125
1008-00019-DRS--00066
1008-00053-WTS--00020
1008-00205-DRS--00007
1008-00206-WTS--00008
1008-00234-DRS--00001
1008-00019-DRS--00090
1008-00019-DRS--00091
1008-00019-DRS--00092
1008-00019-DRS--00093
1008-00050-WTS--00088
1008-00050-WTS--00089
1008-00050-WTS--00090
1008-00050-WTS--00091
1008-00050-WTS--00092
1008-00050-WTS--00093
1008-00050-WTS--00094
1008-00050-WTS--00095
1008-00050-WTS--00096
1008-00050-WTS--00097
1008-00050-WTS--00098
1008-00050-WTS--00099
1008-00050-WTS--00100
1008-00050-WTS--00101
1008-00050-WTS--00102
1008-00050-WTS--00103
1008-00129-WTS--00058
1008-00129-WTS--00059
1008-00318-DRS--00019
1008-00012-NOS--00168
1008-00012-NOS--00167
1008-00050-WTS--00175
1008-00050-WTS--00176
1008-00050-WTS--00177
1008-00050-WTS--00178
1008-00050-WTS--00179
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
53
12
19
53
205
206
234
19
19
19
19
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
129
129
318
12
12
50
50
50
50
50
F01
F01
F04
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
N sherds
N vessels
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ware
Form and Vessel Category
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Plate
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Plate or platter
Teaware, hollow
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Page 150
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
231
232
233
233
234
235
235
236
236
236
236
236
236
237
238
238
238
238
238
238
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00053-WTS--00027
1008-00053-WTS--00028
1008-00053-WTS--00029
1008-00053-WTS--00030
1008-00053-WTS--00031
1008-00053-WTS--00093
1008-00053-WTS--00094
1008-00053-WTS--00095
1008-00053-WTS--00096
1008-00053-WTS--00097
1008-00053-WTS--00098
1008-00053-WTS--00099
1008-00053-WTS--00100
1008-00053-WTS--00101
1008-00053-WTS--00102
1008-00053-WTS--00103
1008-00129-WTS--00101
1008-00318-DRS--00018
1008-00019-DRS--00078
1008-00050-WTS--00124
1008-00129-WTS--00001
1008-00019-DRS--00077
1008-00050-WTS--00082
1008-00278-DRS--00045
1008-00019-DRS--00074
1008-00019-DRS--00075
1008-00019-DRS--00076
1008-00030-DRS--00010
1008-00278-DRS--00043
1008-00278-DRS--00044
1008-00050-WTS--00113
1008-00012-NOS--00183
1008-00033-DRS--00005
1008-00035-NOS--00013
1008-00045-DRS--00019
1008-00050-WTS--00114
1008-00050-WTS--00115
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
129
318
19
50
129
19
50
278
19
19
19
30
278
278
50
12
33
35
45
50
50
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F01
F01
F04
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F01
F01
F14
F15
F18
F01
F01
N sherds
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N vessels
Ware
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Form and Vessel Category
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Fulham Type
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Colonoware
Jackfield Type
Jackfield Type
Jackfield Type
Jackfield Type
Jackfield Type
Jackfield Type
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Storage jar
Utilitarian, hollow
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Plate*
Bowl*
Bowl*
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Porringer*
Teapot
Teapot
Teapot
Teapot
Teapot
Teapot
Page 151
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(ends w/33AS)
239
240
240
240
240
240
241
242
242
243
244
245
246
246
246
246
246
246
246
247
248
249
249
249
250
251
251
251
251
251
251
251
251
252
252
252
252
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00012-NOS--00119
1008-00012-NOS--00184
1008-00012-NOS--00185
1008-00012-NOS--00186
1008-00012-NOS--00187
1008-00012-NOS--00188
1008-00295-DRS--00013
1008-00012-NOS--00189
1008-00012-NOS--00190
1008-00012-NOS--00191
1008-00030-DRS--00009
1008-00012-NOS--00124
1008-00012-NOS--00192
1008-00012-NOS--00193
1008-00012-NOS--00194
1008-00053-WTS--00032
1008-00053-WTS--00033
1008-00053-WTS--00034
1008-00129-WTS--00062
1008-00050-WTS--00116
1008-00277-DRS--00050
1008-00045-DRS--00016
1008-00045-DRS--00017
1008-00045-DRS--00018
1008-00129-WTS--00057
1008-00019-DRS--00103
1008-00019-DRS--00105
1008-00035-NOS--00014
1008-00045-DRS--00023
1008-00045-DRS--00024
1008-00049-DRS--00005
1008-00050-WTS--00121
1008-00279-DRS--00027
1008-00019-DRS--00071
1008-00019-DRS--00072
1008-00035-NOS--00010
1008-00068-NOS--00008
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
12
12
12
12
12
12
295
12
12
12
30
12
12
12
12
53
53
53
129
50
277
45
45
45
129
19
19
35
45
45
49
50
279
19
19
35
68
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F01
F01
F01
F04
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F18
F18
F18
F01
F04
F04
F15
F18
F18
F04
F01
F04
F04
F04
F15
F13
N sherds
N vessels
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ware
Form and Vessel Category
Slipware, North Midlands/Staffordshire
Slipware, North Midlands/Staffordshire
Slipware, North Midlands/Staffordshire
Slipware, North Midlands/Staffordshire
Slipware, North Midlands/Staffordshire
Slipware, North Midlands/Staffordshire
American Stoneware
Westerwald/Rhenish
Westerwald/Rhenish
Westerwald/Rhenish
Whieldon-type Ware
Whieldon-type Ware
Whieldon-type Ware
Whieldon-type Ware
Whieldon-type Ware
Whieldon-type Ware
Whieldon-type Ware
Whieldon-type Ware
Whieldon-type Ware
Staffordshire Mottled Glaze
Porcelain, English Soft Paste
Porcelain, English Soft Paste
Porcelain, English Soft Paste
Porcelain, English Soft Paste
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Tableware, flat
Mug/tankard*
Mug/tankard*
Mug/tankard*
Mug/tankard*
Mug/tankard*
Tableware, hollow
Mug/tankard*
Mug/tankard*
Mug/tankard*
Platter*
Saucer*
Creamer*
Creamer*
Creamer*
Creamer*
Creamer*
Creamer*
Creamer*
Mug/tankard
Teaware, unidentifiable
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Punch bowl*
Punch bowl*
Punch bowl*
Punch bowl*
Punch bowl*
Punch bowl*
Punch bowl*
Punch bowl*
Punch bowl*
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Page 152
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
253
253
253
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00012-NOS--00160
1008-00012-NOS--00161
1008-00012-NOS--00162
1008-00019-DRS--00134
1008-00019-DRS--00135
1008-00019-DRS--00136
1008-00019-DRS--00137
1008-00019-DRS--00138
1008-00019-DRS--00139
1008-00019-DRS--00140
1008-00019-DRS--00141
1008-00019-DRS--00142
1008-00019-DRS--00143
1008-00019-DRS--00144
1008-00019-DRS--00145
1008-00019-DRS--00146
1008-00019-DRS--00147
1008-00019-DRS--00148
1008-00019-DRS--00149
1008-00019-DRS--00150
1008-00019-DRS--00151
1008-00019-DRS--00152
1008-00019-DRS--00153
1008-00019-DRS--00154
1008-00019-DRS--00155
1008-00019-DRS--00156
1008-00019-DRS--00157
1008-00019-DRS--00158
1008-00019-DRS--00159
1008-00019-DRS--00160
1008-00019-DRS--00161
1008-00019-DRS--00162
1008-00019-DRS--00163
1008-00019-DRS--00164
1008-00277-DRS--00057
1008-00277-DRS--00058
1008-00277-DRS--00059
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
12
12
12
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
277
277
277
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
N sherds
N vessels
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ware
Form and Vessel Category
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Unidentifiable, hollow
Unidentifiable, hollow
Unidentifiable, hollow
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Page 153
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
255
255
255
255
255
255
255
255
255
255
256
256
256
256
256
256
257
257
257
257
257
257
258
258
258
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00277-DRS--00060
1008-00277-DRS--00061
1008-00277-DRS--00062
1008-00277-DRS--00063
1008-00277-DRS--00064
1008-00277-DRS--00065
1008-00278-DRS--00051
1008-00279-DRS--00032
1008-00279-DRS--00033
1008-00279-DRS--00034
1008-00279-DRS--00035
1008-00279-DRS--00036
1008-00050-WTS--00072
1008-00050-WTS--00073
1008-00050-WTS--00074
1008-00050-WTS--00075
1008-00050-WTS--00132
1008-00050-WTS--00133
1008-00050-WTS--00134
1008-00050-WTS--00135
1008-00050-WTS--00136
1008-00050-WTS--00137
1008-00012-NOS--00130
1008-00012-NOS--00132
1008-00012-NOS--00133
1008-00012-NOS--00134
1008-00012-NOS--00135
1008-00012-NOS--00136
1008-00050-WTS--00066
1008-00050-WTS--00067
1008-00050-WTS--00068
1008-00050-WTS--00069
1008-00050-WTS--00070
1008-00050-WTS--00071
1008-00050-WTS--00128
1008-00050-WTS--00129
1008-00050-WTS--00130
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
277
277
277
277
277
277
278
279
279
279
279
279
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
12
12
12
12
12
12
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
N sherds
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N vessels
Ware
1
1
1
1
Form and Vessel Category
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Page 154
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
259
259
259
259
259
259
259
259
259
259
259
260
260
261
262
262
262
263
264
265
266
266
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00050-WTS--00131
1008-00129-WTS--00073
1008-00129-WTS--00074
1008-00129-WTS--00075
1008-00129-WTS--00076
1008-00129-WTS--00077
1008-00129-WTS--00078
1008-00129-WTS--00079
1008-00129-WTS--00080
1008-00129-WTS--00081
1008-00129-WTS--00082
1008-00129-WTS--00083
1008-00129-WTS--00084
1008-00129-WTS--00085
1008-00129-WTS--00086
1008-00012-NOS--00195
1008-00012-NOS--00196
1008-00012-NOS--00197
1008-00012-NOS--00198
1008-00012-NOS--00199
1008-00012-NOS--00200
1008-00045-DRS--00020
1008-00045-DRS--00021
1008-00045-DRS--00022
1008-00050-WTS--00122
1008-00050-WTS--00123
1008-00012-NOS--00169
1008-00012-NOS--00205
1008-00050-WTS--00104
1008-00012-NOS--00164
1008-00012-NOS--00165
1008-00012-NOS--00166
1008-00012-NOS--00163
1008-00298-DRS--00006
1008-00053-WTS--00021
1008-00019-DRS--00079
1008-00019-DRS--00080
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
50
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
12
12
12
12
12
12
45
45
45
50
50
12
12
50
12
12
12
12
298
53
19
19
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F18
F18
F18
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F01
F04
F04
N sherds
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N vessels
Ware
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Form and Vessel Category
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Plate*
Plate*
Plate*
Plate*
Plate*
Plate*
Unidentifiable, flat
Bowl
Bowl
Page 155
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
266
267
267
267
267
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00019-DRS--00081
1008-00019-DRS--00082
1008-00019-DRS--00083
1008-00019-DRS--00084
1008-00019-DRS--00085
1008-00019-DRS--00086
1008-00050-WTS--00076
1008-00050-WTS--00077
1008-00050-WTS--00078
1008-00050-WTS--00079
1008-00050-WTS--00080
1008-00050-WTS--00081
1008-00277-DRS--00035
1008-00277-DRS--00036
1008-00277-DRS--00037
1008-00277-DRS--00038
1008-00277-DRS--00039
1008-00277-DRS--00040
1008-00277-DRS--00041
1008-00277-DRS--00042
1008-00277-DRS--00043
1008-00277-DRS--00044
1008-00277-DRS--00045
1008-00277-DRS--00046
1008-00279-DRS--00018
1008-00279-DRS--00019
1008-00279-DRS--00020
1008-00279-DRS--00021
1008-00279-DRS--00022
1008-00279-DRS--00023
1008-00279-DRS--00024
1008-00298-DRS--00007
1008-00298-DRS--00008
1008-00019-DRS--00104
1008-00050-WTS--00118
1008-00050-WTS--00119
1008-00050-WTS--00120
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
19
19
19
19
19
19
50
50
50
50
50
50
277
277
277
277
277
277
277
277
277
277
277
277
279
279
279
279
279
279
279
298
298
19
50
50
50
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F01
F01
F01
N sherds
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N vessels
Ware
1
Form and Vessel Category
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Page 156
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
269
269
269
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00050-WTS--00163
1008-00050-WTS--00164
1008-00050-WTS--00165
1008-00050-WTS--00166
1008-00050-WTS--00167
1008-00050-WTS--00168
1008-00050-WTS--00169
1008-00050-WTS--00170
1008-00050-WTS--00171
1008-00050-WTS--00172
1008-00050-WTS--00173
1008-00050-WTS--00174
1008-00053-WTS--00091
1008-00053-WTS--00092
1008-00129-WTS--00100
1008-00277-DRS--00051
1008-00019-DRS--00088
1008-00035-NOS--00011
1008-00045-DRS--00012
1008-00045-DRS--00013
1008-00045-DRS--00014
1008-00050-WTS--00083
1008-00050-WTS--00084
1008-00050-WTS--00085
1008-00050-WTS--00086
1008-00050-WTS--00087
1008-00053-WTS--00023
1008-00053-WTS--00024
1008-00054-WTS--00032
1008-00054-WTS--00033
1008-00129-WTS--00063
1008-00129-WTS--00064
1008-00129-WTS--00065
1008-00129-WTS--00067
1008-00019-DRS--00073
1008-00206-WTS--00009
1008-00234-DRS--00002
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
53
53
129
277
19
35
45
45
45
50
50
50
50
50
53
53
54
54
129
129
129
129
19
206
234
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F15
F18
F18
F18
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F04
N sherds
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N vessels
Ware
1
1
Form and Vessel Category
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Page 157
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
270
270
270
270
271
271
272
273
273
273
273
274
274
275
275
275
276
277
277
277
277
277
278
278
279
280
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
286
288
288
289
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00012-NOS--00170
1008-00019-DRS--00087
1008-00045-DRS--00015
1008-00205-DRS--00008
1008-00019-DRS--00089
1008-00030-DRS--00012
1008-00205-DRS--00009
1008-00012-NOS--00172
1008-00053-WTS--00025
1008-00054-WTS--00026
1008-00230-NOS--00001
1008-00054-WTS--00028
1008-00129-WTS--00008
1008-00129-WTS--00068
1008-00129-WTS--00069
1008-00129-WTS--00070
1008-00012-NOS--00173
1008-00019-DRS--00094
1008-00206-WTS--00011
1008-00206-WTS--00012
1008-00207-DRS--00004
1008-00279-DRS--00025
1008-00012-NOS--00206
1008-00012-NOS--00207
1008-00230-NOS--00002
1008-00206-WTS--00013
1008-00318-DRS--00020
1008-00295-DRS--00015
1008-00054-WTS--00031
1008-00129-WTS--00056
1008-00050-WTS--00117
1008-00129-WTS--00007
1008-00278-DRS--00048
1008-00278-DRS--00049
1008-00019-DRS--00095
1008-00035-NOS--00012
1008-00050-WTS--00125
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
12
19
45
205
19
30
205
12
53
54
230
54
129
129
129
129
12
19
206
206
207
279
12
12
230
206
318
295
54
129
50
129
278
278
19
35
50
F01
F04
F18
F04
F04
F04
F04
F01
F01
F01
F11
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F01
F01
F11
F04
F04
F04
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F04
F15
F01
N sherds
N vessels
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ware
Form and Vessel Category
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Coarse Earthenware, unidentifiable
Coarse Earthenware, unidentifiable
Creamware
Creamware
Delftware, Dutch/British
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teabowl
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Jug*
Jug*
Jug*
Jug*
Jug*
Plate
Plate
Teaware, flat
Plate*
Plate*
Plate*
Teaware, hollow
Sugar bowl*
Coffee Pot
Teaware, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Unidentifiable, hollow
Page 158
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
289
289
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
291
291
291
291
291
291
291
291
291
291
291
291
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00050-WTS--00126
1008-00054-WTS--00027
1008-00012-NOS--00213
1008-00012-NOS--00214
1008-00012-NOS--00215
1008-00012-NOS--00216
1008-00012-NOS--00217
1008-00012-NOS--00218
1008-00012-NOS--00219
1008-00012-NOS--00220
1008-00012-NOS--00221
1008-00019-DRS--00106
1008-00019-DRS--00107
1008-00019-DRS--00108
1008-00019-DRS--00109
1008-00019-DRS--00110
1008-00019-DRS--00111
1008-00019-DRS--00112
1008-00019-DRS--00113
1008-00019-DRS--00114
1008-00019-DRS--00115
1008-00019-DRS--00116
1008-00204-WTS--00019
1008-00012-NOS--00174
1008-00019-DRS--00097
1008-00019-DRS--00098
1008-00019-DRS--00099
1008-00019-DRS--00100
1008-00019-DRS--00101
1008-00019-DRS--00102
1008-00019-DRS--00121
1008-00019-DRS--00122
1008-00019-DRS--00123
1008-00019-DRS--00124
1008-00019-DRS--00125
1008-00019-DRS--00126
1008-00019-DRS--00127
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
Context
Feature
50
54
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
204
12
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F01
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
N sherds
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N vessels
Ware
1
1
1
Form and Vessel Category
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Unidentifiable, hollow
Unidentifiable, hollow
Platter
Platter
Platter
Platter
Platter
Platter
Platter
Platter
Platter
Saucer
Saucer
Saucer
Saucer
Saucer
Saucer
Saucer
Saucer
Saucer
Saucer
Saucer
Saucer
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Page 159
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00019-DRS--00128
1008-00019-DRS--00129
1008-00019-DRS--00130
1008-00019-DRS--00131
1008-00019-DRS--00132
1008-00049-DRS--00004
1008-00049-DRS--00006
1008-00207-DRS--00005
1008-00277-DRS--00047
1008-00277-DRS--00048
1008-00277-DRS--00049
1008-00277-DRS--00052
1008-00277-DRS--00053
1008-00277-DRS--00054
1008-00277-DRS--00055
1008-00279-DRS--00026
1008-00279-DRS--00029
1008-00279-DRS--00030
1008-00279-DRS--00031
1008-00086-DRS--00005
1008-00183-DRS--00014
1008-00084-DRS--00003
1008-00084-DRS--00006
1008-00084-DRS--00021
1008-00084-DRS--00022
1008-00159-DRS--00003
1008-00159-DRS--00004
1008-00085-DRS--00003
1008-00085-DRS--00004
1008-00159-DRS--00007
1008-00159-DRS--00008
1008-00086-DRS--00001
1008-00086-DRS--00002
1008-00086-DRS--00003
1008-00086-DRS--00004
1008-00159-DRS--00025
1008-00159-DRS--00026
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
a
a
aa
aa
bb
bb
c
c
cc
cc
d
d
dd
dd
dd
dd
e
e
Context
Feature
19
19
19
19
19
49
49
207
277
277
277
277
277
277
277
279
279
279
279
86
183
84
84
84
84
159
159
85
85
159
159
86
86
86
86
159
159
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N sherds
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N vessels
Ware
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Form and Vessel Category
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Porcelain, Chinese
Porcelain, Chinese
Creamware
Creamware
Whiteware
Whiteware
Whiteware
Whiteware
Whiteware
Whiteware
Whiteware
Whiteware
Porcellaneous/English Hard Paste
Porcellaneous/English Hard Paste
Porcellaneous/English Hard Paste
Porcellaneous/English Hard Paste
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Chamberpot
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Tableware, flat
Tableware, flat
Tableware, flat
Tableware, flat
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, flat
Tableware, flat
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Tableware, flat
Tableware, flat
Page 160
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00159-DRS--00027
1008-00073-DRS--00006
1008-00073-DRS--00007
1008-00161-DRS--00002
1008-00161-DRS--00003
1008-00164-DRS--00002
1008-00164-DRS--00003
1008-00164-DRS--00004
1008-00164-DRS--00031
1008-00164-DRS--00032
1008-00164-DRS--00033
1008-00170-DRS--00020
1008-00170-DRS--00021
1008-00182-DRS--00011
1008-00182-DRS--00012
1008-00183-DRS--00018
1008-00183-DRS--00019
1008-00184-DRS--00003
1008-00184-DRS--00004
1008-00184-DRS--00005
1008-00184-DRS--00006
1008-00184-DRS--00007
1008-00184-DRS--00008
1008-00184-DRS--00009
1008-00184-DRS--00010
1008-00184-DRS--00011
1008-00184-DRS--00012
1008-00184-DRS--00013
1008-00184-DRS--00014
1008-00277-DRS--00003
1008-00277-DRS--00004
1008-00277-DRS--00005
1008-00318-DRS--00005
1008-00318-DRS--00006
1008-00002-DRS--00014
1008-00002-DRS--00015
1008-00003-DRS--00009
Palace Lands Archaeology
Other
ID**
e
ee
ee
f
f
g
g
g
h
h
h
i
i
j
j
k
k
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
o
o
o
p
p
q
q
r
Context
Feature
159
73
73
161
161
164
164
164
164
164
164
170
170
182
182
183
183
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
277
277
277
318
318
2
2
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
F04
F04
F04
F04
F04
N/A
N/A
N/A
N sherds
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N vessels
Ware
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Form and Vessel Category
Ironstone/White Granite
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
Creamware
Creamware
Whiteware
Whiteware
Whiteware
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Redware
Redware
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Ironstone/White Granite
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Creamware
Creamware
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
Coarse Earthenware, unidentifiable
Tableware, flat
Teabowl
Teabowl
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Tableware, flat
Tableware, flat
Tableware, flat
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Tableware, flat
Tableware, flat
Flower Pot
Flower Pot
Tableware, flat
Tableware, flat
Cup
Cup
Cup
Cup
Cup
Cup
Cup
Cup
Cup
Cup
Cup
Cup
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Teaware, unidentifiable
Teaware, unidentifiable
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Utilitarian, hollow
Page 161
�CW Object No.
(ends w/33AS)
Artifact ID (DAACS)
1008-00003-DRS--00010
1008-00012-NOS--00017
1008-00012-NOS--00018
1008-00012-NOS--00019
1008-00012-NOS--00021
1008-00012-NOS--00022
1008-00017-DRS--00001
1008-00017-DRS--00002
1008-00026-DRS--00011
1008-00026-DRS--00012
1008-00027-DRS--00004
1008-00027-DRS--00005
1008-00028-DRS--00005
1008-00028-DRS--00006
1008-00068-NOS--00001
1008-00068-NOS--00002
1008-00073-DRS--00001
1008-00073-DRS--00005
Total
Other
ID**
r
s
s
s
t
t
u
u
v
v
w
w
x
x
y
y
z
z
Context
Feature
3
12
12
12
12
12
17
17
26
26
27
27
28
28
68
68
73
73
N/A
F01
F01
F01
F01
F01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
F13
F13
N/A
N/A
N sherds
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
537
N vessels
Ware
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Form and Vessel Category
Coarse Earthenware, unidentifiable
Creamware
Creamware
Creamware
Westerwald/Rhenish
Westerwald/Rhenish
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
Porcellaneous/English Hard Paste
Porcellaneous/English Hard Paste
Porcellaneous/English Hard Paste
Porcellaneous/English Hard Paste
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
Delftware, Dutch/British
White Salt Glaze
White Salt Glaze
Utilitarian, hollow
Teaware, unidentifiable
Teaware, unidentifiable
Teaware, unidentifiable
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Bowl
Bowl
Teaware, hollow
Teaware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Drug Jar/Salve Pot
Tableware, hollow
Tableware, hollow
Teabowl
Teabowl
116
Notes:
**Letter notations in this column were provisionally assigned to vesselized sherds by the report's author since none were previously assigned by CW or DAACS.
*This vessel form was originally assigned by CW and was used for all descriptions and analyses in this report.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 162
�Appendix F. Inventory of Estate of John Coke, February 15, 1768
Item
1 Bay Mare
24 Head of Cattle
10 Yearlings
1 Iron Pot, 1 frying Pan [torn] Oxen
3 Horses £20 [torn] Wheel Barrow 7/6
1 Sow £3 [torn]
14 Silver [torn] Spoons 55/
[torn]
1 Punch Ladle 20/. 1 Walnut Cupboard 17/6
1 Do. 5/. 1 Pine Do. 12/6. 1 Looking Glass 20/
1 Oval Black Walnut Table 30/. 2 Pine Tables 15/
22 Knives 48 Forks 20/. 1 Corner Table 5/
1 Candle Stand 5/. 12 Leather Chairs 35/
1 old Mare 5/. 14 old Rush Bottom Chairs 14/
1 old Table 2/6. 4 pair flat Irons 20/
1 Warming Pan and Trivet 7/6. 1 Safe 15/
25 Candle Moulds and 2 Stands
1 Looking Glass 2/6. 3 Butter Pots 15/
2 Guns 25/. 1 Pr. Tarniers 1 Gimblet 1 Lanthorn 2/6
5 Reap Hooks 7/6. 1 Pr. Hand Irons & Tongs
1 Pr. Scales and Weights 12/6. 12 Tin Cannisters 3/
1 Pr. Cotton Cards 4 Brushes 1 Pr. Money Scales Parcel old Mats 1 Hammer
1 Case with 9 Bottles 3 Jugs 1 Pickle Pot Wheat Seive Butcher's Steel 4 Pr. Sheep Sheers
1 old Sword
1 Pair Garden Sheers 3/. Lime Squeezer 1/3
2 Sugar Canisters 4/. Sythe Stones 1/
1 Bed, Bedstead, Rug, Pillow, pr. Sheets & Pillow Case
1 Desk 50/. Parcel Books 30/. Walnut Table 12/6
1 Writing Desk 10/. 1 Close stool Chair 20/
1 old Trunk and Box
79 Barrels of [torn]
2 Pair Hand [Irons?] 1 Bed Q[uilt...Bla]nkets Counter[pain Beds]tead Pillow & Curtains
1 Pine Table [torn]
1 Bed Bedstead [torn] Pillows Rug Blanket
1 Bed Bedstead [torn]
1 Square Table [torn] £5
1 Spinning [Wheel...]
1 Spinning [Wheel...]
1 old Trunk [torn]
18 Pewter Dishes and 1 Cover
7 Pewter Basons 1 Water Plate.
7 Pewter Pots and Cullender
7 Dozn. Pewter Plates £7. Parcel old Pewter 10/
13 Brass Candlesticks & 4 Irons do. 40/. 4 Pr. Snuffers 15/
5 Copper Coffee Pots 50/. 3 Tea Kettles & 1 Chocolate Pot
Palace Lands Archaeology
Value
£4..0..0
45..0..0
6..5..0
0..15..0
28..7..6
23..0..0
15..15..0
1..17..6
1..17..6
1..17..6
2..5..0
1..5..0
2..0..0
0..19..0
1..2..6
1..2..6
1..17..6
0..17..6
1..7..6
0..12..6
0..15..6
0..15..0
1..15..0
0..4..3
0..5..0
6..0..0
4..12..6
1..10..0
0..5..0
35..0..0
7..10..0
0..12..6
6..0..0
6..0..0
5..2..6
0..10..6
1..8..0
1..10..0
5..0..0
1..0..0
1..0..0
7..10..0
2..15..0
1..0..0
Page 163
�Item
3 Chafing Dishes 1 Cheese Toaster
4 China Bowls 30/. 23 China Saucers 21 Cups and 8 Chocolate Cups 30/
7 Tea Pots 5 Milk Pots 2 Slop Bowls
2 Mahogany Tea Boards 7/3. Mugs 3/.
10 White Stone Dishes 15/. 12 Stone Plates 6/
6 Delph Dishes and 6 Plates 10/. 31 Custard Cups
2 Cruit stands 10/. 3 Butter boats 2/. 4 Glass Tumblers 4/
23 Wine Glasses 11/. 1 Glass Decanter 2/6
3 Sugar Dishes 1/. 4 Pair Glass Salts 5/
7 Butter Pots 20/. 23 Milk Pans 11/. 18 fat Pots 25/.
15 Tin Pattipans, Tin Toaster 1 Dish
2 Square Black Walnut Tables
1 large Oval Do. £4 1 smaller Do. 25/
1 Do. 15/. 2 Pine Do. 15/
1 Square Walnut do. 12/6. 1 Dozn. Walnut Chairs £6
2 Beds Bedsteads, 2 Rugs 2 Counterpains 2 Blankets 2 Hides 2 Pillows
2 Beds Bedsteads, 2 Coun[terpains...] Ruggs 2 Blankets [torn] Pillows
1 Bed Bedstead 2 Pillows 1 C[ounterpa]in in 1 Rugg
3 Pair hand Irons [torn]
1 Dozn. Rush Bottom [Chairs]
1 Square Pine [Table?]
1 Bed Beds[tead...] Mattress
3 Square [Tables?]
[...coun]terp[ain...ma]ttrass
1 Bedstead 5/. 28 Pair Sheets £28
10 Damask Table Cloaths £10. 6 Huckaback do. 4.10/
6 Ozenbrigs Table Cloaths 1 White Linnen do.
10 Ozbs. Towels, 16 Pillow Cases, 6 old Linnen Towels
2 Counterpains
1 Negro Man Tom
Squire
Debdford
James
Phill
Lucy
Alice
Sylvia
Judith
1 large Copper Kettle £7. Fish Kettle 40/
1 Pair large Hand Irons 35/. 6 Iron Pots £4
1 Copper Dutch Oven 40/. 3 Spits 15/
1 Skillet Stewpan Kettle and Saucepan
20 Water Tubs and Pales 30/. 3 frying Pans 7/6
5 Pair Pot-hooks 10/. Grid Iron 15/. 2 dripping Pans 7/6
1 Pair Tongs 2/6. Skimmer and Flesh fork 2/6
2 Mortars 7/6. 5 Wooden Trays 5/
4 Pot Racks 12/6. 6 Axes 17/6. 3 Spades 15/
7 Hoes 15/. Garden Rake 3/9. 2 Forks 3/9
Palace Lands Archaeology
Value
0..10..0
3..0..0
0..12..6
0..10..3
1..1..0
0..10..0
0..16..0
0..13..0
0..6..0
2..16..0
0..10..0
2..15..0
5..5..0
1..10..0
6..12..6
14..0..0
15..0..0
8..0..0
1..0..0
0..18..0
0..10..6
7..0..0
0..15..0
2..10..0
28..5..0
14..10..0
1..7..6
2..7..4
1..15..0
40..0..0
40..0..0
55..0..0
55..0..0
55..0..0
40..0..0
10..0..0
50..0..0
25..0..0
9..0..0
5..15..0
2..15..0
0..15..0
1..17..6
1..12..6
0..5..0
0..12..6
2..5..0
1..2..6
Page 164
�Item
A parcel old [torn] Tubbs 10/. 1 Iron Cleaver 7/6
3 old Saddles [torn] 2 Ox Chains [torn]
1 old Safe 7/6 [torn] 25/. Wooden Churn 4/
2 ½ Gros Bott[les]
1 Brass Kettle [torn]
Value
0..7..6
2..0..0
1..16..6
5..7..6
1..5..0
£772..18..1
We who[se names are under]written being first Sworn me[t and appraised the] Estate of John Coke
deceased in Current Money abovementioned
February 13th. 1768
Alexr. Craig
Blovet Pasteur
Peter Powell
Returned into York County Court the 15th. Day of February 1768 and Ordered to be Recorded
Examined Teste
Thos. Everard Cl. Cur:
Creation of machine-readable version: Riadeen De las Alas
Conversion to TEI.2-conformant markup: Wayne Graham
York County Wills & Inventories 21, 1760-1771, pp. 381-385 and
http://research.history.org/DigitalLibrary/view/index.cfm?doc=Probates\PB00241.xml&highlight=john%20coke
The digital version has been made from transcripts on file in the Department of Historical Research, CWF.
THIS DOCUMENT WAS TRANSCRIBED AND THEN EDITED FROM THE ORIGINAL. ELECTRONIC TRANSCRIPTS ARE NOT
LEGAL RECORDS OF THE CLERK OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE COUNTY OF YORK, VIRGINIA.
November 2000
Wayne Graham
Staff
Transcription editing
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 165
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 166
�Appendix G. Excavation and Test Units
Context No.
Grid Coord
Deposit Type
1
1004N/1005E
Plowzone
2×2
100
2
1006N/1005E
Plowzone
2×2
100
3
1004N/1003E
Plowzone
2×2
100
8
1002N/1003E
Plowzone
2×2
100
9
1002N/1007E
Plowzone
2×2
100
10
1002N/1005E
Plowzone
2×2
100
14
1006N/1003E
Plowzone
2×2
100
15
1004N/1007E
Plowzone
2×2
100
16
1008N/1003E
Plowzone
2×2
100
17
1000N/1007E
Plowzone
2×2
100
18
1000N/1005E
Plowzone
2×2
100
23
1000N/1009E
Plowzone
2×2
100
24
998N/1007E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
25
998N/1005E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
26
998N/1009E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
27
998N/1009E
Redep. sub
2×2
25
NE
28
998N/1003E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
29
1000N/1011E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
32
1000N/1011E
Redep. sub.
2×2
25
NE
37
998N/1001E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
52
1002N/1011E
Plowzone
2×2
25
SW
58
1000N/1003E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
59
1002N/1009E
Plowzone
2×2
25
SE
60
1004N/1009E
Plowzone
2×2
25
SE
61
1008N/1005E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
62
996N/1001E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
63
996N/1003E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
64
996N/1005E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
65
994N/1005E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
72
996N/1007E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
73
1006N/1009E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
80
1006N/1009E
Redep. sub.
2×2
73
81
1004N/1009E
Redep. sub.
4×4
60, 160, 163, 172, 173
84
994N/1007E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
85
996N/1009E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
86
998N/1011E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
87
998N/1011E
Redep. sub.
2×2
86
0
102
994N/1009E
Redep. sub.
2×2
120
25
NE
103
996N/1011E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
104
994N/1003E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NE
105
996N/1011E
Redep. sub.
2×2
103
106
994N/1003E
Silt layer
2×2
104
108
1002N/1013E
Plowzone
2×2
110
1002N/1013E
Redep. sub.
4×2
Palace Lands Archaeology
Size
Seals Context No.
26
29
Dryscreen Sample %
0
0
0
0
25
108, 197
Sample Area
NW
0
Page 167
�Context No.
Grid Coord
Deposit Type
Size
Seals Context No.
111
994N/1011E
Plowzone
2×2
120
994N/1009E
Silt layer
2×2
Sample Area
25
NE
25
126
994N/1011E
Silt layer
2×2
127
1000N/1013E
Redep. sub.
2×2
128
1000N/1013E
Plowzone
2×2
130
998N/1013E
Redep. sub.
2×2
131
998N/1013E
Plowzone
2×2
133
998N/1013E
Redep. sub.
2×2
131
0
134
996N/1013E
Redep. sub.
2×2
140
10
NW
135
994N/1013E
2×2
136
25
NE
136
994N/1013E
Unknown modern
layer
Redep. sub.
8×2
137, 184
0
137
994N/1013E
Plowzone
2×2
138
25
NE
138
994N/1013E
Silt layer
2×2
25
NE
139
996N/1013E
Silt layer
2×2
0
140
996N/1013E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
158
992N/1013E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
159
992N/1003E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
160
1004N/1011E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
161
992N/1007E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
162
992N/1009E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
163
1004N/1013E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
164
1002N/1001E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
165
1000N/1001E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
170
992N/1005E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
171
1004N/1001E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
172
1006N/1011E
Plowzone
2×2
2
NW
173
1006N/1013E
Plowzone
2×2
2
NW
180
992N/1011E
2×2
25
NW
2×
2a
126
Dryscreen Sample %
NE
0
128
NE
25
133
25
NE
0
25
139
NE
181
1004N/999E
Unknown modern
layer
Redep. sub.
25
NW
182
1008N/1001E
Plowzone
2×2
2
NW
183
994N/1001E
Plowzone
2×2
2
NW
184
992N/1011E
Silt layer
2×2
25
NW
185
1004N/1000E
Plowzone
1×1
100
186
1000N/999E
Plowzone
2 × 2a
25
NW
187
1006N/1001E
Plowzone
2×2
2
NW
188
1008N/999E
Plowzone
2 × 2a
25
NW
189
996N/999E
Plowzone
2 × 2a
25
NW
190
1008N/1000E
Plowzone
2×2
100
191
996N/1000E
Plowzone
1×1
100
192
1000N/1000E
Plowzone
1×1
100
197
1002N/1015E
Silt layer
2×2
25
NW
212
1006N/1007E
Plowzone
2×2
2
NW
218
998N/1000E
Plowzone
1×1
100
219
998N/999E
Plowzone
2 × 2a
25
NW
220
996N/993E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
Palace Lands Archaeology
184
Page 168
�Context No.
Grid Coord
Deposit Type
222
998N/993E
Plowzone
223
1000N/993E
Plowzone
227
1002N/993E
232
Size
Seals Context No.
Dryscreen Sample %
Sample Area
2×2
25
NW
2×2
25
NW
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
1004N/993E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
233
1006N/993E
Plowzone
1×2
100
239
994N/993E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
241
1002N/999E
Plowzone
2 × 2a
25
NW
242
1002N/1000E
Plowzone
1×1
100
243
994N/991E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
244
996N/991E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
245
1006N/1000E
Plowzone
1×1
100
246
1006N/999E
Plowzone
2 × 2a
25
NW
247
996N/989E
Plowzone
2×2
25
NW
250
992N/991E
Plowzone
1×2
100
259
1018N/999E
Plowzone
1×1
100
260
1023N/999E
Plowzone
1×1
100
261
1028N/998E
Plowzone
1×1
100
262
1033N/999E
Plowzone
1×1
100
263
1008N/974E
Plowzone
1×1
100
264
1008N/979E
Plowzone
1×1
100
265
1008N/983E
Plowzone
1×1
100
270
1008N/989E
Plowzone
1×1
100
271
1008N/969E
Plowzone
1×1
100
272
1008N/964E
Plowzone
1×1
100
Note:
All grid coordinates refer to the northwest corner of the unit.
aThis 2 × 2 m unit had a 1 × 1 m unit excavated first from the northeast quadrant of the unit and assigned a separate
context number.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 169
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 170
�Appendix H. Feature Elevations
Feature No.
F01
F01
F01
F01
F02
F02
F02
F02
F04
F04
F04
F05
F05
F05
F06
F06
F06
F07
F08
F09
F10
F11
F12
F13
F14
F15
F16
F17
F18
F19
F20
F21
F22
F23
F24
F25
F26
F27
F28
F29
F31
F32
F33
Top
0.114
0.167
0.200
0.136
0.004
0.005
0.017
0.029
0.047
0.094
0.135
0.137
0.070
0.028
0.441
0.513
0.691
0.086
0.124
0.271
0.088
0.077
0.066
0.022
0.045
0.020
0.037
0.026
0.033
0.022
0.014
0.094
0.042
0.009
0.011
0.004
0.028
0.015
0.097
0.590
0.548
0.472
Bottom
0.879
0.850
0.841
0.857
0.272
0.260
0.230
0.207
0.258
0.253
0.609
0.749
0.977
0.511
0.435
0.436
0.448
0.586
0.401
0.122
0.526
0.398
0.126
0.445
0.329
0.423
0.404
0.544
0.466
0.596
0.388
0.746
0.786
0.692
Palace Lands Archaeology
Feature Depth (meters)
0.765
0.683
0.641
0.721
0.225
0.166
0.095
0.070
0.188
0.225
0.168
0.236
0.286
0.425
0.311
0.348
0.371
0.564
0.356
0.102
0.489
0.372
0.093
0.423
0.287
0.414
0.393
0.540
0.438
0.581
0.291
0.156
0.238
0.220
Page 171
�Feature No.
F34
F35
F36
F39
Top
0.467
0.438
0.356
-
Bottom
0.737
0.650
0.768
-
Feature Depth (meters)
0.270
0.212
0.412
-
Note:
The elevation datum was located at grid point 996N/1011E. The prism height and the instrument height
were both 1.57m.
Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 172
�Appendix I. Summary of Features, North Fence
Feature No.
F07
F08
F09
F10
F11
F12
F13
F14
F15
F16
F17
F18
Context No.
305
306
74
75
307
308
141
142
143
144
145
146
280
281
338
339
230
231
336
337
228
229
340
341
68
69
257
258
33
34
251
252
253
254
35
36
41
42
266
267
43
44
268
269
45
46
Palace Lands Archaeology
Deposit Type
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
N artifacts
5
7
9
21
7
5
5
53
4
3
10
14
39
-
TPQ
nda
1762
1720
1775
1740
nda
1720
1762
nda
nda
nda
1762
1762
Page 173
�Feature No.
F19
F20
F21
F31
F32
F33
F34
F35
F36
F39
Context No.
56
57
255
256
21
22
342
343
38
39
327
326
293
294
330
331
291
292
329
328
289
290
332
333
287
288
321
322
283
284
335
334
66
67
Palace Lands Archaeology
Deposit Type
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Total
N artifacts
3
12
70
1
3
3
2
2
278
TPQ
nda
1762
1787
nda
nda
nda
nda
nda
Page 174
�Appendix J. Summary of Features, South Fence
Feature No.
F22
F23
F24
F25
F26
F27
F28
F29
F30
Context No.
344
345
323
324
125
240
107
109
198
199
82
83
194
196
76
77
100
101
94
297
309
95
193
195
92
225
226
93
237
238
235
236
152
153
Palace Lands Archaeology
Deposit Type
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Posthole fill
Posthole fill
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole fill
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Postmold fill
Postmold cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Posthole fill
Posthole cut
Total
N artifacts
1
1
4
1
1
21
7
6
6
55
8
1
112
TPQ
nda
nda
nda
nda
nda
nda
nda
1720
1671
1775
nda
nda
Page 175
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 176
�Appendix K. Summary of Other Features
Feature No.
F37
F38
F40
F41
F42
F43
F44
F45
F46
F47
F48
F49
F50
F51
F52
F53
F54
F55
F56
No feature no. assigned
Context No.
166
167
168
169
176
177
174
175
178
179
150
151
90
91
88
89
78
79
154
155
148
149
200
201
202
203
112
113
118
119
121
122
114
115
116
117
208
209
123
124
Palace Lands Archaeology
Deposit Type
Unidentified
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Tree hole fill
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Tree hole fill
Feature cut
Animal hole fill
Feature cut
Tree hole fill
Feature cut
Tree hole fill
Feature cut
Tree hole fill
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Unidentified
Feature cut
Animal burrow fill
Animal burrow cut
Page 177
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 178
�Appendix L. Contexts, Structure 140, Utopia IV
Summary list of contexts associated with Structure 140 features.
Artifacts from these contexts were selected for the comparative analysis.
Feature Group
FG01
Context
9
10
12
13
30
05A
05B
05C
05D
05E
05F
05G
05H
05J
05K
05L
06A
06B
06B1
06B2
06C
06D
06E
06F
06G1
06G2
06H
06J
06K
06L
06M
06N
06P
06Q
06R
07A
07B
07C
07D
07E
07G
08A
Palace Lands Archaeology
Deposit Type
Clean-Up/Out-of-Stratigraphic Context
Clean-Up/Out-of-Stratigraphic Context
Clean-Up/Out-of-Stratigraphic Context
Clean-Up/Out-of-Stratigraphic Context
Clean-Up/Out-of-Stratigraphic Context
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Colluvium/Wash
Fill
Fill
Fill
Colluvium/Wash
Fill
Clean-Up/Out-of-Stratigraphic Context
Clean-Up/Out-of-Stratigraphic Context
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Feature Number
F09
F10
F11/12
F13
F30A/D
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F05
F06A
F06B
F06B
F06B
F06C/K
F06C/K
F06C/K
F06C/K
F06G/H
F06G/H
F06G/H
F06C/K
F06C/K
F06L/M/N
F06L/M/N
F06L/M/N
F06P/Q
F06P/Q
F06R
F07
F07
F07
F07
F07
F07
F08
Page 179
�Feature Group
FG01
Context
09A
09B
10A
10B
11A
11B
11C
11C1
11C2
11D
11E
11F
11G
11H
11J
12A
12B
12C
12D
12E
12F
12G
12H
12J
12L
12M
12N
12P
12Q
12R
12S
12T
12U
12V
13A
13B
29A
29B
30A
30A1
30A2
30B
30C
30D
30E
30F
Palace Lands Archaeology
Deposit Type
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Clean-Up/Out-of-Stratigraphic Context
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Colluvium/Wash
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Clean-Up/Out-of-Stratigraphic Context
Fill
Fill
Fill
Colluvium/Wash
Fill
Fill
Fill
Feature Number
F09
F09
F10
F10
F11/12
F11/12
F11/12
F11/12
F11/12
F11D/E
F11D/E
F11/12
F11/12
F11/12
F11J
F12A/B
F12A/B
F11/12
F12D/L-N
F11/12
F11/12
F11/12
F11/12
F12J
F12D/L-N
F12D/L-N
F12D/L-N
F12P/W
F12P/W
F12P/W
F12P/W
F12P/W
F12P/W
F12P/W
F13
F13
F29
F29
F30A/D
F30A/D
F30A/D
F30A/D
F30A/D
F30A/D
F30E/F
F30E/F
Page 180
�Feature Group
FG01
Context
31A
31B
31C
31D
31E
36A
36B
36C
37B
37C
38B
40A
40B
40C
41A
Palace Lands Archaeology
Deposit Type
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Feature Number
F31A
F31B
F31B
F31B
F31B
F36
F36
F36
F37
F37
F38
F40
F40
F40
F41
Page 181
�Palace Lands Archaeology
Page 182
�Appendix M. Contexts, Site 68AL, Rich Neck Slave Quarter
Summary list of contexts associated with Structure 68AL features.
Artifacts from these contexts were selected for the comparative analysis.
Feature Group
FG01
Context
AC01241
AC01243
AC01245
AC01247
AC01249
AC01251
AL00021
AL00025
AL00029
AL00030
AL00031
AL00034
AL00035
AL00036
AL00037
AL00042
AL00044
AL00047
AL00051
AL00053
AL00055
AL00057
AL00061
AL00063
AL00064
AL00066
AL00067
AL00068
AL00071
AL00083
AL00086
AL00090
AL00091
AL00092
AL00093
AL00095
AL00097
AL00101
AL00102
AL00103
AL00105
AL00109
AL00110
Palace Lands Archaeology
Deposit Type
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Cut/Depositional Basin
Fill
Fill
Cut/Depositional Basin
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Cut/Depositional Basin
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Architecture
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Feature Number
F06
F06
F05
F06
F06
F10
F19
F06
F08
F08
F09
F10
F10
F10
F10
F21
F11
F18
F18
F11
F24
F23
F05
F06
F05
F15
F15
F21
F14
F16
F21
F05a
F15
F05a
F20
F20
F05
F06
F15
F05b
F05a
F10
F23
Page 183
�Feature Group
FG01
Not assigned
Context
AL00113
AL00117
AL00121
AL00122
AL00123
AL00124
AL00126
AL00127
AL00128
AL00130
AL00132
AL00133
AL00134
AL00136
AL00137
AL00141
AL00144
AL00158
AL00161
AL00162
AL00163
AL00164
AL00165
AL00166
AL00169
AL00170
AL00171
AL00173
AL00176
AL00177
AL00179
AL00181
AC01240
AC01242
AC01244
AC01248
AC01250
AC01255
AL00014
AL00016
AL00049
AL00074
AL00118
AL00150
AL00152
AL00174
Palace Lands Archaeology
Deposit Type
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Fill
Feature Number
F05c
F05a
F05b
F05b
F10
F12
F07
F10
F07
F21
F10
F10
F05a
F05b
F05b
F07
F17
F14
F07
F21
F21
F21
F21
F21
F21
F21
F21
F21a
F21a
F22
F23
F21a
-
Page 184
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Research Reports
Description
An account of the resource
<p>A collection of research reports from throughout the Foundation's history are available through this webpage. All Colonial Williamsburg research reports, whether in digital or hardcopy format, are discoverable through the Rockefeller Library's online catalog. Their contents reflect the evolution of scholarship over the decades. Given the long period over which these reports have been written, reports sometimes contradict or correct previous thinking due to the discovery of new evidence. Researchers should consult the full range of reports on a particular topic to ensure a thorough understanding of the most current interpretation.</p>
<p>Types of reports include:</p>
<p>Archaeological reports describe archaeological excavations. Reports predating 1960 share only the results of cross-trenching, rather than comprehensive excavation results.</p>
<p>Architectural reports discuss restored and reconstructed buildings.<br />Historical reports (house histories) incorporate primary and secondary sources into the discussion of individual properties and structures.</p>
<p>Interpretive reports clarify the way in which key buildings should be presented to visitors by Colonial Williamsburg's historical interpreters.</p>
<p>Topical reports outline specific areas of interest in 18th-century research.</p>
<p>Other research reports are discoverable at the following website that also has a keyword searchable option: <a href="https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/DigitalLibrary/research-reports/">Research Reports.</a></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Archaeology and Enslaved Life on Coke's Plantation : An Early History of the Governor's Lands
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Franklin, Maria
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
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2017-08
Subject
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African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg
Slavery--Virginia--Williamsburg
Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.)
Format
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pdf
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/67be700c8aa17c78c3dc97b59c0e14db.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=eLwHEGjBRtYOECRVdE3qasm0l1N44AixFBO12ihooHFNlRWsXV6kCUnfyufkK2G8srGDPJM5MATAShFVj0DFypMow9U-YxVX2EZaY9fn1c6NhsJx70-mYKhXOjPwSWAwxlX4hHo-%7EPDunIWgKqFBAa30D7zkzGp%7EgHrviFxXzzDsr7f6bX8hurSQQFUCfW%7EWSl6fjLDHXWonc-vbqvuSC1IxlOrIaxOECrrpC6Uigpk12fneWQH7CD-g4nMj5p-cyjBgdaImpWNwQcJvpv2Qs0BnuswgxNPc0ruyS2fCCrCthWyU5XJFItQzksgjBXs-phUrhevUeUMawt01OOV6-g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
94caedcae08d7603b70fc3a30fda19ce
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
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Becoming Americans
Description
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<p><em>Becoming Americans: Our Struggle to Be Both Free and Equal</em> was the title of the master plan governing all interpretation at Colonial Williamsburg from 1996 through 2005. It was an educational curriculum that sought to demonstrate the continuing struggle in Virginia and the United States to expand or limit citizenship as promised by the <em>Declaration of Independence</em> and show the cultural transformation wrought by the arrival of Europeans and Africans to a land already inhabited by Native Americans. The framework of the central theme was outlined by the main headings Diverse Peoples, Clashing Interests, Shared Values, Formative Institutions, Partial Freedoms, and Revolutionary Promise. The plan of thematic interpretation was divided into six interconnected “storylines”: <em>Choosing Revolution, Transforming Family</em> (known for a period of time as <em>Redefining Family</em>), <em>Freeing Religion, Enslaving Virginia, Taking Possession</em>, and <em>Buying Respectability: The Consumer Revolution in Colonial Virginia</em>. Each of the storylines produced a substantial resource book filled with historical essays, bibliographies, and primary source materials that informed and supported interpretation in the Historic Area. The Choosing Revolution storyline produced three additional resource booklets titled <em>People and Revolution, Chronology 1754-1784</em>, and <em>The African American Legacy Before During and After the American Revolution</em>. The <em>Taking Possession</em> storyline produced one additional resource book titled <em>Taking Possession: Slavery and the Movement West</em>.</p>
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People and Revolution : A Choosing Revolution Resource
Description
An account of the resource
<p><em>People and Revolution</em> is composed of two sections of biographies of Virginians who lived during the Revolutionary War years. Section I is titled “The Lives of Twenty-One Virginians Before, During, and After the American Revolution.” Section II is titled “Additional Loyalist Biographies Before, During, and After the American Revolution.”</p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundaton
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1996
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https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/4bf748f89c0b24e3a388cce3b1d91b30.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=XBrijPLZvcMgu0Zco8FlHV3f49%7EUtqaewrnZ3kiV2SQATQsjXKcacAov783ynN-%7EytA-QLyo8w5xA7kRjduapCJJrI03Q4GzIyWbebhEisTZK8RdHbM6jj2R9C3T93PNWrswPW%7Ei9Bbf24I%7E9Wp48VsrOMvWXcN7T2mBU-IveyAPo4Js5pvi5Z2U8HiDIbtPJSBNIr2WWMw7kt8Zj8LBd44fg66%7Efn6dfPPSJU9F2gimu8O%7EZgSTz3%7EYQ0I2E3Vx2K%7Ew%7E6wIVG7FeNunkLswDbqjzhsE9F9fZNmoEaKTxspM-qq5Z1PekYOc-aGP3Az2xOOoqTDO1loSXCljYPYKqA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
87c3278a012beaf02e279d6e43144611
PDF Text
Text
Becoming Americans Today: The Interpreter’s Newsletter
Autumn 2002_Autumn 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Mark Howell
Anne Willis
The Information in this issue of Becoming Americans Today informs us of the dynamic
interaction of Becoming American story lines that shaped the events of autumn of 1774.
Taking Possession
The Quebec Act
Battle of Point Pleasant
Notices of Land Sales
Enslaving Virginia
The Association
Runaway Advertisements
Notices of Slave Sales
Redefining Families
Autumn Preparations and Health
Notices of Land and Slave Sales
The Association
Freeing Religion
The Quebec Act
Buying Respectability
The Association
Shipping and Commerce
Notices of Land and Slave Sales
Choosing Revolution
The Continental Congress
The Association
The Suffolk Resolves
Declaration of Rights
America in Flames
December 2002_Part 1 Winter: December 1774_Part 2 Winter: January and February 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
�The Information in this issue of Becoming Americans Today informs us of the dynamic
interaction of Becoming American story lines that shaped the events of autumn of 1774.
Taking Possession
Return of Lord Dunmore
From the West
Shawnee Hostages in Williamsburg
Nicholas Cresswell’s Journal
Enslaving Virginia
Christmas for African Americans
Letter to Robert Pleasants
To Anthony Benezet
Redefining Families
Birth of Lady Virginia
Arrival of Lady Dunmore
Freeing Religion
Sacred and Secular Calendar
Christmas Celebration
Buying Respectability
The Association
Commerce
Advertisements
Choosing Revolution
The Association
Boston Tea Party
David Ammerman
Volume 2 No. 1 2003_March, April, May 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Dunmore Fires Burgesses
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshop
The Wild, Wild West
News
To Fee or not to Fee: Court is the Question!
Business Opportunities
Weather
Money
A Fool and his Money
Shipping
�Spring Farming
Forum
Spring is in the Air
Presenting Spring 1774 in 2003
Servant Plays Dead then Pretends to be Doctor
Sacred and Secular Calendar
Crime and Punishment
Life
Politics is Politics but Dance is Diversion
Cook’s Corner: Spring Receipts
Who’s Who: Jupiter
School
Negro School in Its Fourteenth Year
Volume 2 No. 2 2003_June, July, August 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Hot Town! Summer in the City: Colonial Blood Begins to Boil
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
Jefferson’s a Summary View of British America
What’s on Peoples’ Minds?
Day of Fasting, Humiliation and Prayer
Virginia County Responses to the Coercive Acts
News
Virginia County Responses: Half Slave Trade!
Palace Posting: Is this “Western Civilization”?
Jefferson’s A Summary View
Education
Education Virginians
Forum
A Summer Summary
Common Cause
Lexicon of Protest
Somerset Decision a Slave’s Response
Farming
Crops and Livestock
Housekeeping Gardening/Food Preservation
Building Trades
Family Life
Fit for Life: Williamsburg Summer 1774
�Educating Virginians
Weather
Volume 2 No. 3 2003_Autumn 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Snapshot Today
“In Congress, Nibbling and Quibbling as Usual”
Tea Party… Redux: If it Played in Boston
Sqawk Box
Okay, No More Mister Nice Guy!
News
Quebec Act: Intolerable!
How Ya Gonna Keep ‘Em Down on the Farm, After They’ve Seen Phil… lY?
Time to Pack it In!: Lord Dunmore’s War
Sacred and Secular Calendar
Money
Shipping
Virginia’s Trade Calendar
End the Slave Trade! The Association of 1774
Autumn Farming
Sacred and secular Calendar
Forum
Letter from…
A Jumble of Peoples: Diversity in the Colonies
The Approach to Independence
Journal of Nicholas Cresswell
Crime and Punishment
John Randolph, Esqr’s Slave to be Hanged
Weather
Devastating Drought
Getting ready for Fall!
Life
Autumn Receipts
Health
Building Trade
Brothers-in-Arms Weekend October 11 and 12, 2003
Volume 2 No. 3a_Supplement Summer and Autumn 1781
Editors:
�Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
War Comes to Williamsburg
The Down Side of Revolution
Summer 1781
Wartime Romance
News
Yorktown is Proof Positive- These are the Times that Try Men’s Souls
The Yorktown Campaign: Principal Players
People
Two Perspectives: War and the Slaves
War and the Masters
Volume 2 No. 5_Christmas 1774
This does not have editors, or a copyright listed. I think it is a supplement to another issue that
we don’t have.
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
Challenges for the New year 1774/2004
James City County Committee Election and Toasts
The Christmas Season
Putting Slaving Aside
“Welcome Winter”
December Weather
Colonial Christmas Customs
Volume 3 No. 1_January and February 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
It Takes Tea to Tangle
Calamity!
Travel Warning: Black Sea Turns Red
Shakin’ Up the Neighborhood
�News
Boundary Dispute
Hot Flash: Boston Tea Party
Driving Evolution in the Colonies 1770
Benezet Suggests Solution for Ending Slavery
Money
Commerce
Building Trades
Agricultural Calendar
Forum
Letter from… Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Once More in ‘74
Winter 1774 in Williamsburg
Weather
Hearth and Home
Life
Cooks Corner
Presidents Weekend, February 14-16, 2004
Black History Month
Enslaving Virginia Time Line
Volume 3 No. 2_March and April 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Snapshot Today
Charlotte Sweetens Colonial Tie with Britain
Tracking the Journey
Bitter Winter, North Atlantic Six Children Whose idea was this?!
Celebration Backfires
Outrage in Fincastle
Practice Religion in Virginia
Life
Spring Farming
Building Trades
Health
Weather
Get Ready for the Spring!
Sacred and Secular Calendar
Money
A Sentiment
�Shipping
Forum
Letter from… Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Programming
Highlights for Spring 2004 Streetscapes
Special Themes
Clever Colonel Cons Contemptible Caregivers
Crime and Punishment
Women’s History Month
March 2004
Two Williamsburg Women in 1774
Religion History Month
April 2004
Religion Time Line 1753-76
Colonial American Religion
Church and Vestry
Volume 3 No. 3_May, June, July 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
“Down on Their Knees”
Eyewitness Report
Halt Slave Trade!
Virginia Today Snapshot
News
Prepare for War, Hope for Peace
Frost and Drought
Newsline
Virginia’s Shadow Government
Disorder in the Court
Business
Buying Respectfully…
Taking Possession…
Forum
A Summer Summary
England Acts and reacts
Slavery
The Famous Somerset Case
Life
Farming
�Housekeeping Gardening/ Food Preservation
Continues from p.3
Somerset Case
Enslaving Virginia
Taking Possession…
Buying Respectability…
Black and White Family Life
Family Life for Colonial Virginians, 1750-75
Weather
Volume 3 No. 3_The Gunpowder Incident
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Five Men Inform Burgesses about the Gunpowder Incident
The Gunpowder Incident
An Uneasy Standoff
Back Page
Newsline
Nicholas’ Dilemma
Prelude to Independence The Fifth Virginia Convention
Virginia Declaration of Rights: Look Familiar?
Who Gets to Vote When?
Evolution of Voting Rights
Volume 3 No. 4_August 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
Convention To Congress: Only the Shadow Knows
The Quebec Act
Jefferson’s Summary View
News
End the Slave Trade
Politics Does Make…
�Importation of Slaves into Virginia 1772-74
Forum
What Have they Wrought?
Volume 3 No. 4_Autumn 2004_Autumn 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Snapshot
Congress Acts: Congress Adopts A Continental Association
“In Congress, Nibbling and Quibbling as Usual”
The Association of 1774
Yorktown Tea Party
News
Dunmore’s War: A Native Perspective
Time to Pack it In! Lord Dunmore’s War
Philadelphia Attraction
Money
Shipping
Virginia’s Trade Calendar
Autumn Farming
Building Trades
Forum
Letter from… Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Approach Independence
A Jumble of Peoples Diversity in the Colonies
Journal of Nicholas Cresswell
Crime
John Randolph, Esqr’s Slave to be Hanged
Weather
Devastating Drought Hurricane Season
Health
Life
Getting Ready for Fall
Receipts
Brothers-in-Arms Weekend October 8-10, 2004
Volume 3 No. 5_November 2004_Dunmore’s Proclamation 1775
Possibly a supplement
�Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Dunmore Offers Freedom to Slaves of “Rebel Masters”!!!
Colonial Leaders Use the Press to Discourage Slaves
Forum
Lord Dunmore’s Slaves
Slaves at the Public Goal
News
Volume 3 No. 7_December 2004_December 1774
No copyright or editors listed. Possibly supplement (but it’s Blue)
Front Page
Newsline
Governor Returns from War: Four Shawnees Arrive at the Palace
Tar and Feathers and Freedom? The Association and Committees of Safety
early 19th-Century Interview with Jeremy Prophet
What Will Happen in the New Year?
News
Palace Posting
Churching of Lady Dunmore
Christmas
The Holly and the Ivy
Putting Slavin’ Aside
Volume 4 No. 1_January 2005_Winter 1773
Blue but no editor or copyright listed. Supplement?
Front Page
Newsline
Best years of Our Lives?
Hear Ye!
Winter 1773- The Calm Before the Storm
Challenge of Winter
The Gaspee Incident- Who is Judging Who?
Gotcha!
Presidents Weekend, February 19-20, 2005
�Black History Month
Enslaving Virginia Timeline
Volume 4 No. 3_The Gun Powder Incident
Possibly a supplement/ definitely a copy of the 2004 issue
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Five Men Inform Burgesses about the Gunpowder Incident
The Gunpowder Incident
An Uneasy Standoff
Back Page
Newsline
Nicholas’ Dilemma
Prelude to Independence The Fifth Virginia Convention
Virginia Declaration of Rights: Look Familiar?
Who Gets to Vote When?
Evolution of Voting Rights
Volume 4 No. 4_June, July, August 2005
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
Freedom on the Line: Risk of Rebellion
Risky Business
The Revolution in North America
News
Patrick Henry Elected Governor
Virginia Declaration of Rights
Wheel Horse of Revolution
Virginia’s Constitution; June 29, 1776
Exhibit
�The Stone Declaration: Hope Behind Hype
The Declaration of Independence
Unfinished Business
The Declaration
Publicizing the Declaration of Independence
Signers of the Declaration of Independence
American Paradox: Freedom to Slavery
Forum
Gordon Wood, The American Revolution: The History
A Review of 1776 by David McCullough
Preparing for War in New York
Condemned Slave to Hang
Declaration of Right and Religion
Life
Summer Farming
Housekeeping/Gardening/Food Preservation Summer
Interpretation
Warning! Rebellion May be Injurious to your Health
Quiz Yourself on Independence
Volume 4 No. 5_Supplement_June and September 1781
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front page
Newsline
War Comes to Williamsburg
The Down Side of the Revolution
Under the Redcoat Friday-Sunday, June 24-26, 2005
Prelude to Victory: Washington Prepares for Yorktown! Friday-Sunday, September 24,2006
News
American Victory and Yorktown
Yorktown is Proof Positive-These are the Times that Try Men’s Souls
People
Two Perspectives War and Slaves
Slaves as Soldiers
Black Women
Slaves as Laborers
War and the Masters
Volume 4 No. 6_Autumn 2005_Autumn 1775
�Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Revolutionary Times for Colonists
His Last Debt to Nature
1775/2005
The Prodigious Wind of 1775: Patrick Henry?? No, A Hurricane!
News
Lord Dunmore’s Strategy for War
Britain’s Determination: King George and Parliament
Seizure of the Norfolk Press
A Report for the Grand Congress November 27, 1775
Dunmore’s Proclamation
Odds and Ends
A Proclamation.
Forum
David Brion Davis, Slavery and Human Progress
A Few Anonymous Remarks on Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation
News
Colonial Leaders use the Press to Discourage Slaves
Hening’s Statute
Lord Dunmore’s Slaves
Slave at the Public Gaol
Williamsburg Loyalists in 1775
Money
Autumn Farming
Interpretation
School and Group Interpreters
Orientation Interpreters
Domestic Site Interpreters
Public Site Interpreters
Fall 2005 Fall 1775- The Sword is Drawn
African American Interpreters
Trades
Volume 4 No. 6_August 2005_Supplement_Virginia Convention 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
A Call for Congress
�Virginia Today Snapshot
Convention to Congress: Only the Shadow Knows
The Dye is Cast
Jefferson’s Summery View
News
End the Slave Trade!
Address to the King
Politics Does Make…
Importation of Slaves into Virginia 1772-74
Forum What Have they Wrought?
Volume 4 No. 7_November 1, 2005_November 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
The Revolution Comes Home!
Tea Dumped at Yorktown
Congress Adopts A Continental Association
Williamsburg’s Meeting of Merchants
Money
Shipping
Virginia’s Trade Calendar
Number of Slaves Transported to Virginia 1765-1775
Slavery and the Association of 1774
Biographies of Virginia Delegation
Forum
Approach to Independence
The Revolution Comes Home!
Volume 4 No. 8_Christmas 2005_Christmas 1770s
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Frontpage
Newsline
Merry Christmas!
Christmas Customs
Twelfth Night
�Christmas
Christmas Food and Drink
A Simple Winter Dinner
Deck the Halls
Putting Slavin’ Aside
Interpretation
Best of the 70’s The Historic Ares Holiday Season 2005
Volume 5 No. 1_January and February 2006_January and February 1774
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
These Are the Times that Tease Men’s Souls
Dreadful Fire
Travel Warning: Black Sea Turns Red
Earth Shakes in Virginia!
News
Boundary Dispute
Boston Tea Party
Driving Evolution in the Colonies
Benezet Suggests Solution for Ending Slavery
Money
Commerce
Building Trades
Agricultural Calendar
Forum
Winter 1774 in Williamsburg
Weather
Hearth and Home
Life
Cook’s Corner
Presidents Weekend
President’s Weekend, February 18-20, 2006
Black History Month
Enslaving Virginia Time Line
Volume 5 No.2_June, July, August 2006_1774 to 1776
Editors:
�Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
“The Revolutionary City” Collapse of Royal Government
Two Sides of the Conflict!!
The New General Washington
The Center Does not Hold!
Dissolving… Running… Enlisting…
Forum
Letter from Rex Ellis
Letter from Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Washington’s Army in Summer of 1775
Virginia’s Shadow Government
Money
Shipping
Interpretation
The Collapse of the Royal Government
Summer Farming
Housekeeping/Gardening/Food Preservation Summer
Volume 5 No. 2_June, July, August 2006_1776 to 1781
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
The Revolutionary CityTM Citizens at War
Republicanism
General Washington Arrives in Williamsburg
Transformations
Declaring… Following… Believing…
Forum
A Revolution on the Streets
War
British Invasion of New York
Interpretation
“The Revolutionary City” Historic Sites
Citizens at War The Historic Area
�Volume 5 No. 3_September, October, November 2006_1774 to 1776
No editor listed
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
Revolutionary City Virginia Prepares for War
Immigration and Diversity 1774 to 1776
Protests and Actions
Dividing… Coercing… Resolving
Forum
Letter from Robin Reed
Lexicon of Protest
News
Life
Autumn 1774 and 1775
Getting Ready for Fall!!
Interpretation Trades
Money
Autumn Farming
Volume 5 No. 3_September, October, November 2006_1776 to 1781
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
Revolutionary CityTM Mind Set of the Founders
British Ships Arrive in New York Harbor!
The Die Cast
Running to Freedom… Securing Freedom
Puzzle Insert
Collapse of Royal Government (Blue Issue)
Citizens at War (Red Issue)
Forum
Thomas Paine’s Argument
Articles of Confederation
War
Money
Tradesmen’s Pay
Crop Notes and Transfer Notes
Historic Area Programming Fall 2006
�Interpretation
“Revolutionary Citizens” Programing
Volume 5 No. 4_Christmas 2006_Christmas 1774 to 1783
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Snapshot Today
Christmas in Wartime
Challenges for Americans The New years 1774 to 1783
Winter Celebrations
Christmas
1777-1783
Christmas in the Historic Area
Birdie Cake
Volume 6 No. 1_March, April, May 2007_1774 to 1783
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Revolutionary Stories
Citizens at War, 1776-1781
Spring 2007 Programming
Nation Builders
Evening Programs
Revolutionary City/Stories 2007
Second Page
Biographies
Thomas Jefferson
Lydia Broadnax
Eve
Volume 6 No. 2_April, May, June 2007_1776 to 1781
No editor listed
This one is two pages front and back. Page 1 and 3. There is no page 2.
�Front Page
Newsline
European Colonization in the New World
Virginia Today Snapshot
Independence: Go For It!
The Treacherous Gamble
Virginia Assembly’s Action on Slavery 2007
Black Allegiances During the War
Back Page
Historic Area
Letter from Rex Ellis
Viewpoint
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr,: “Relevance of History”
Health Challenges of War
Biography
Volume 6 No.2_April, May, June 2007_1774 to 1776
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Front Page
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
Why Jamestown Matters
Legal Status of Women
General Nathanael Green
The Collapse: Before and After
Fleeing…
Defending…
Declaring…
Forum
Letter from James Horn: Recovering Virginia’s Forgotten History
An Overview of Race and Region, 1685-1790
1700 to 1780- Population Information about Indians and Enslaved African Americans in Virginia
Biography
Historic Area
Spring 1774
Spring Farming
Cook’s Corner
Life
Get Ready for the Spring!
Building Trades
�Volume 6 No. 3_June, July, August 2007
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Newsline
Indian Timeline: 1750 – 1812
Virginia Today Snapshot
Indians in Williamsburg
Primary Document Evidence of Indians in Williamsburg in the 1750’s, 1760’s and 1770
Indians and the Revolution
BA Today Index
Cultures
Disappearance of American Indian Cultures
Powhatan Religion
Indian Temple
Robert Beverly’s Observations of an Indian Temple
Forum
Letter from Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Republican Ideal and the American Indian
Books
War
Native American’s: Who’s Who in the American Revolution
Biographies
Runaways
Runaway Indian Slaves
What Jamestown can Tell Us
Indian Diets
The West
Aborigenes
Religion
Indians in Williamsburg 1752-1771
Indian in Williamsburg 1774-1777
Interpretation
Art
Volume 6 No. 4_October, November, December 2007
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Newsline
Virginia Today Snapshot
Britain Ends the Slave Trade
�Slavery and the United States Constitution
Atlantic Slave Trade and the Settlement of Virginia
Forum
Biographies
Atlantic Slave Trade Continued…
Costal Origins of African Imported to Virginia
Virginia Legislation Regarding the Slave Trade
Chesapeake Slavery after 1776
George Mason’s Opinion’s of Slavery and the Trade
State’s Reactions Against Slavery
Volume 7 No. 1_ April/May 2008
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
“The Dissensions of Our Families”
Programming for 2008
Marriage of Edmund Randolph and Elizabeth Nicholas
The Form of Solemnization of Matrimony
Gentry Marriages
Politics
Evening Programs 2008
Volume 7 No. 2_June, July, August 2008
Editors:
Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Newsline
United States Today Snapshot
Electing a President
Common Concerns for Voters
Elections
Populations
The Three-Fifths Clause
The Electoral College
News
Europe 1789
Women
Volume 7 No. 3_November, December 2008
Editors:
�Margot Crévieaux-Gevertz
Anne Willis
Colonial Economy
Wartime Economy
Confederation Economy
The New Constitution
Interpretation: The Charlton Coffeehouse
�
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Title
A name given to the resource
Becoming Americans Today
Description
An account of the resource
<em>Becoming Americans Today</em> was a newsletter developed by the Department of Interpretive Training for interpreters. Presented in a newspaper format loosely based on USA Today, it was developed to support programming by providing interpreters with the news that would have shaped the thoughts and lives of Williamsburg residents during the years interpreted in the Historic Area. It was considered a training material that combined diverse historical information in a readable contemporary format, utilizing headlines as a hook that interpreters could use to draw guests into the story. It was published 2002-2008.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Becoming Americans Today : Index
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundations
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
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PDF Text
Text
The Colonial
Williamsburg
A
VOLUME
News
NO. 7
1,
OCTOBER 1988
or paws) pointed forward, pushed off slowly, and
kicked off gently from the kickboard as it dropped
into the water with a big splash. None of this was a
eifk:
threat to Mr. Louganis
w
llite
,-`
a` : ,,, _
i
4
1...%
e
P
The diving mules were trained to dive and did so
with no gimmicks to force them to perform. How do
•. _
we
1 ° •-r`
`
Because we are knowledgeable about
know?
hoofed animals.
We know the animals were not forced up the ramp
1_
i
4
-
r
l ,.-
V.
`•,
of course.
by their handlers. The handlers were no where near
r
i
n ";
1i -
'
t:
_
them during the climb or dive. We know no remote
control
milwi
electronic
shock devices
or
s
other
were applied to the animals as they went up the ramp
y
because
the
animals'
ears and facial expressions
would have indicated such. If the mules or pony had
been in anyway prodded from behind they would
have pinned their ears back focusing their attention
SEX SCANDAL IN
LIVESTOCK PROGRAM
on
An embarassing sex scandal has surfaced in our
flock of geese. Some of the ones we thought were
female are male and some of the ones we thought
were
male
female. This is embarassing but
are
derstandable.
birds.
young
Goosegate
It is difficult
to
We' ll give you
imposters
as the
determine
the sex
information
more
are
un-
of
on
exposed.
what
was
going
on
at
their
rear
Sure,
ends.
deadening injections and other methods of blocking
the ear nerves can be used to prevent an animal from
pinning its ears back ( certain breeds of show horses
suffer this), but those procedures stop all
sometime
ear movement.
We observed
the
little
divers
and
they used their ears normally. On the platform, as
they got ready to shove off, all ears were pricked
forward, attention focused ahead.
The diving mules and thier co- stars looked
healthy. We say " looked" because we did not give
DIVING MULES
them
AN EDITORIAL
necessary if we are interested in purchasing the animal being scrutinized. The two little mules are too
small to pull the stage wagon anyway. All the animals
Did
see
you
few
diving
the
Quite
a
cruelty
organizations,
take
if you'
ve
feel
these
of
claims
you know
the act.
the
by
unkind
saw the
forced
case
mules
but did
mules,
you missed it
re
very
do
fair
the act
not even see
ll give you
we'
To wrap up the whole matter the animals were not
forced, they were trained. They were not chained
at the
about
we feel is only
were well cared for.
Now
mules to
dive
which
to
laughed
already
have complained
only ignorant of
anti-
methods.
forcing
mere mortals
those who
In
and have
fair?
state
with
these animals are
mules
about
ANYTHING. If you
are not
at
connected
been reading your Animal News you'
sophisticated
off
people,
Nestea plunge"
the "
mules
some
a hands- on inspection,
together
in any way, as one member of an anti-
cruelty organization reported, but performed singly
and with
no sign
of any "
aids".
We enjoyed
the act.
One coachman suggested that Jake( our lazy mule)
dive off the Palace into a sandbox. That sounds like a
one show act to us.
a report.
The four legged diving team consisted of one
Pony, a black dog, and two pony- size
mules ( remember our discussion of breeding mules
for size). A long ramp secured by several cables led
equipped
up to the padded diving platform which
Shetland
i
was
with
a
stationary
positioned
under the
kickboard.
platform,
pointing down
Four- legged divers, their
right
The
at a
kickboard
little
to the water
angle,
trainer
is
f
;)
i.
more than a
tank below.
reported,
need
a
kickboard in order to control their plunge.
One
at a time
and released.
each animal
Each
was
animal
directed
climbed
to the
r'
by
itself, unaided. At the top each one looked around,
carefully
lowered
itself
on
it'
s
the
•
ramp
ramp
front end with hooves
h
.
1,
fit
CI
i
i, ',,
t.
i,
c.
: -•
c
l
l
�A BRIEF HISTORY OF
THE CARRIAGE WHIP
The length of a stick for four horses should be 5'
1' ",
by Richard Nicoll
Since
them
and stick"
carrot
of
use
work,
daily
have
form
some
been used. So
often
of
more
used
being
has
goad
whip used with it. The
or
punish
to
been associated
always
signal
or
touch
by
or
sound.
first
started
driving the horse to a
wheeled vehicle a whip was employed, consisting of
a wooden handle and leather thong, long enough to
be able to reach any of the horses being driven. No
man
how
matter
vehicle,
driven,
the vehicle was
on
sitting
beside
and
horses
the
of
one
horses,
the
vehicle,
a
from
whether
or
whip of
the
walking
kind
some
used.
until
Up
was
Through
began
with
larly
seventeenth
Through
and
seventeenth
small
a
loop
began,
century
from
stick
this
the
thong
the
it its
giving
of
the numbers
and
availability
The
most
varied
on
butts
Prices
and
mounts (
of
core
Most bow top
bow
these
used
other woods
the hides
were
The
the
brass,
silver,
used in England
whips
though
American
at
cheaper
variety of bow
and America
end
the
industry
whip
the
was
and putting
tops
of better quality from
of
imported
sticks
from England.
In America
during
imported
being
nineteenth
developed
century
duced
the
of
most
so
whip
s
industry
the
of Westfield,
whips were
However
during
industry
the
world'
the
period
American whip
much so that by the twentieth
American
90% of
colonial
the
from England.
century
rapidly,
industry
reputedly
horsewhips (
was
200
focused
around
Massachusetts.
pro-
varieties)
the
They
producing 20 million whips a year, with the prices ranging from 25 cents to$ 25. 00. However, by 1937 only
one factory was left with a minor production.
The
use
art.
A
and
must
good
of
the
whip
must
to make more lashes to beat more horses."
WHY A WHIP?
Why do you carry those whips?" a visitor will ask
a carriage driver. Those who ask this question nearly
always have a look of pure horror on their faces and a
vision of poor Black Beauty being whipped by a
heartless
coachman
in their minds. Carriage drivers
carry" those whips" for communication and safety.
therefore, becomes the only means by which a driver
can touch his animals.
A whip is used for forward motion. When the
command " walk on" is given, if the horses ignore it,
what can the driver do? Yelling the command is
improper, slapping the horses' backs with the reins
like they do on " Bonanza" is downright uncouth, so
you must make an appropriate
application
of the
whip. An appropriate application may be anything
applied appropriately to the lazy beast and the horse
who is working well is not involved. If you spoke to
the lazy horse, the energetic one would hear too.
A whip is used to command attention. If horses are
distracted by their surroundings the whip can be
appropriately
applied to draw one or both horses'
attention back to the coachman. In case of an object
the
whips
together
being gold,
century
the
selling
town
hides of dead horses—
A whip is used to correct one member of a pair
without disturbing the other. For instance, if one
animal is laying back and not pulling, the whip is
so
the whips.
quality and detailing.
ferrules)
also determined
in England,
made
nineteenth
and
the
from a light touch to a brisk smack.
the
materials
used
price,
nickel, and ivory.
the
take
increased
of wood used for
though
Holly,
whips was
stick
Yew, Blackthome, Cane and Malacca, and Hickory
in the United States.
still
should
bow top. As
of
elaborateness
type
popular
inner
driven
being
whip
the
goose quills and
an
characteristic
carriages
carriage
piece
between
quilled top—
being strengthened with
first part of the thong having
whalebone,
the
to a one-
junction
the
a
were
It seems a strange thing when we consider it, that
we
legs, voice, and by shifting his weight in the saddle.
A driver has only the bridle and voice. The whip,
centuries
top from which
and thong
top
says,
classes.
wealthier
and eighteenth
at the
nineteenth
the
whip developed
did
and Horses"
You must communicate with your animals. A rider
is attached.
the
in " Highways
communicates with his mount by means of bridle,
better
whip has
with
As A. Maudslav
particu-
whip used was a stick with a leather
known as a drop thong whip. This
carriage
thong,
As
The slight irony of the horse whip was that the
most popular leather to use for the thongs was horse
driving
more common,
Royalty
the
the
carts or wagons.
carriage
century,
become
to
of
was
driving
most
century,
and
ground
the
the
in Europe
seventeenth
the
done from
the
sticks.
upon which the lash may so often have descended—
When
was
shorter
hide.
horse
the
form of
some
whip
his
used
and
animals
carrot.
than
The
with
domesticated
with
help
to
stick
first
man
and the thong length 12' 6" from the base of the
quills to the point, pairs and singles for both horses
and ponies all having shorter thongs and with ponies,
whilst
driving
be springy
whip
be in proportion
were
a carriage
but
to the weight
not
of
too
the
is
an
soft,
thong.
or activity horses might consider frightening, cornmanding
their attention
could distract them from
shying. This is an important use of the whip for
C. W. coachmen.
The whip is also useful to C. W. drivers as a turn
signal. When approaching an intersection, especially
on crowded days and when tour groups are nearby,
usually the driver will point the whip out to the side
indicating the direction he or she will turn.
Whips are an indispensable part of driving equipment and are used in more ways than covered
here.
They are required by all carriage drivers who wish to
practice good, safe horsemanship. We cam those
whips because we must.
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Please write to:
Animal Editor, MHW. Colonial Williamsburg
Animal News is published by Coach and Livestock
Operation, Historic Trades Department.
Kay
Williams,
Editor; Richard
Nicoll, Manager.
�
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 8, November, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Sex Scandal in Livestock Program (Goosegate- it is difficult to determine the sex of young birds.) -- Dividing Mules : An Editorial -- A Brief History of the Carriage Whip / by Richard Nicoll -- Why A Whip?
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Historic Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
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THE MECHANICK’S ADVISER
April 8, 2022
Apothecary – We are currently transitioning from Robin as Supervisor to Sharon running the Shop. We
want to thank Robin for all of her years of service and wish her well. Sharon has spent her time going through
files that Robin has kept over the years to become familiar with information she will need to fulfill her new
Shop duties.
We are also preparing for our first practice Workshop. Mark is finalizing an outline for all of us to
follow. Margaret has been compounding medicines. This week, she was able to make Syrup of Violets, which
can only be made at this time of the year when the violets are in bloom. As you will see in the pictures, it
makes a beautiful color. Margaret wants to thank Madeleine Bolton, Apprentice Brickmaker, for helping her
collect the violets.
The Apothecary Shop will be open Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday.
Armoury:
Blacksmith – The Blacksmith Shop will be open Daily.
Tinsmith – In the Tin Shop, Joel is currently producing gill cups for Prentis Store, and Jenny has been
constructing small boxes for one of the Cabinetmakers and working on chocolate pots as part of her
apprenticeship. Steve has been working on stainless steel canteens for CW in his home shop. We have not
been performing any research because of our Spring Break upstaffing schedule taking up our Research Days.
The Tin Shop will be open Tuesday through Saturday.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�Anthony Hay Shop:
Harpsichord-maker – From the harpsichord corner … We haven’t published for a while, so here’s
what we’ve been up to. We have about half of the 61 strings mounted into the new spinet. It now makes
sounds and shows some real potential, but it’s still a long way from being musical. Sara prepared the many,
many sets of strings needed, making loops in the wire ends that hook to the hitchpins on the bentside wall.
She also has gotten much technical practice wrapping strings to tuning pins, and drilling with brace and bow
drills for the positioning pins. In addition, she is researching the clients and instruments noted in an 18thcentury harpsichord tuners notebook from Hertfordshire, England, as well as gaining more knowledge of the
historical Williamsburg business and economy. She has accomplished so much in such a short time.
Melanie finished the polishing and oiling of the inner rim decoration, all of it worked to a burnished
finish and a light coat of linseed oil. It really pops out to the eye, and it marks her fulfilling the various levels of
the veneer curriculum for her apprenticeship. She is not stopping. Now comes the decoration of the
nameboard that will go above the keyboard, and the final finishing of the case exterior. Her research is
bringing together more information about women in the historical instrument trades, and the cabinetmakers
who also doubled as organ makers, in both England and America.
Last month, the Journal of the Galpin Society, an international annual publication devoted to the study
and history of musical instruments, published an article by Ed that presents some of his research on a father
and son who were harpsichord makers in 1600s London, with two instruments by the son surviving in
museums at Yale and Oxford. He has pieced together their history into a compelling narrative placing these
instruments with people and events, large and small. Rockefeller Library subscribes to this journal.
Later this April, while the Hay Shop is closed for maintenance, we will gather around another spinet in
the Collection, a 1764 spinet by William Harris, and gather as much information from it as we can. It will be
the exemplar for our next instrument.
Also, while the Shop is closed, Sara will join Cabinetmakers Bill Pavlak and Jeremy Tritchler for a trip to
Winterthur Museum in Delaware for a conference on historical decorative inlay, veneer work, and marquetry
on furniture and musical instruments. Former Harpsichord Apprentice Alexandra Cade, now a doctoral
candidate at University of Delaware, will deliver a lecture on the decoration of harpsichords by 18th-century
London maker Jacob Kirkman. CW has two of his instruments in the Collection, one of which stands in the
Governor’s Palace Ballroom.
It’s all a team effort. Come see how it all is shaping up.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�The Cabinetmaker and Harpsichord-maker Shop will be open Sunday (11:30-5:00), and Monday through
Saturday.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�Brickmaker – This week saw the Brickyard and Carpenters Yard transitioning into a proper dual Trades
site! After much anticipation, we are relieved to finally have a place to make our own. That process began
this week with the creation of our clay treading pit. This square pit was fashioned with the help of some very
enthusiastic Guests who put shovel to ground with vim and vigor. We eventually got the pit down to the ideal
depth, so now we can plan a course towards making it a bit more permanent. This necessitated the cutting of
locust posts for stakes which will secure wooden planks to the side walls. Once we finish this work, we can set
to paving the area.
Otherwise, this week, we were joined by our esteemed friend Claire, a Junior Interpreter, who jumped
right in to help us with our tasks. These included the exciting first run of our Family Workshop, Daub to
Dough. Safe to say, it was a success!
In the next few weeks, we hope to add more things to the new Yard, like our cisterns, so that we may
start to feel at home in the space we have.
The Brickyard will be open Sunday through Tuesday, Wednesday (11:30-5:00), and Thursday, weather
permitting.
Carpenter – In the Carpenter’s Yard this week, we’ve seen a big increase in our Guest numbers. The new
site layout has drawn Guests to places in our Yard that haven’t been accessible to them since 2019. We've
been focusing our efforts on the Brickyard drying house. We have some layout and cutting of joints for the
front and back wall to undertake, as well as more hewing on the last piece of framing we need.
The Carpenter’s Yard will be open Tuesday through Saturday, weather permitting.
Colonial Garden – This week, the Historic Gardeners did some much needed spring cleaning and
maintenance around the Garden. Pathways and Garden beds were weeded, we replaced many of the faded
plant labels and signs, and the pots of herbs that overwintered in one of our hotbeds were exhumed and
placed around the Garden. We have about one week to go before we are out of the danger of freezing
temperatures, so we will patiently wait before planting more of our warm season vegetables and flowers. This
week, we also harvested a lovely basket of produce for use by Historic Foodways, containing cabbage, lettuce,
black Spanish radishes, parsley, onions, and even a few edible "johnny jump up" flowers (Viola tricolor). New
blooms in the Garden this week include silverbell (Halesia caroliniana), Leucojum (Leucojum aestivum),
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�eastern red columbine (Aquilegia canadensis), honesty (Lunaria annua), Spanish bluebell (Hyacinthoides
hispanica), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), and John Clayton honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens).
John Clayton honeysuckle blooming at
the Historic Garden
Vegetables harvested for use at the Palace Kitchen
Eastern red columbine blooming in the Historic Garden
The Colonial Garden will be open Daily, weather permitting.
Cooper – The Cooper Shop will be open Tuesday through Friday, and Saturday (11:30-5:00)
Engraver – This week in Engraving, we have been engraving items for the Fifes and Drums – awards and
items for Drummers Call, retirement items, and the drafting tools the Foundry has made. Finishing up several
retirement gifts and custom orders. William has also been plugging away at on apprenticeship work and
Lettering engraving practice in copper. With our Research Day on hold for a few weeks, we will be
concentrating on work orders we have to engrave and practice. We have seen great Guest numbers in the last
few weeks!
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�Also, Erica our NIHAD Intern has made progress on her lettering practice and has come up with a
monogram she will begin setting up Friday for one of her final projects. We have also begun interviewing for
our Summer Intern position.
The Engraving Shop will be open Tuesday through Saturday.
Foodways – The Foodways Staff will be at the Palace Kitchen Sunday, Monday, and Thursday through
Saturday.
Foundry – We have produced some retirement gifts for Tom Redd and Robin Kipps. We also are casting
more musket balls for the Musket Range.
The Foundry will be open Sunday through Thursday.
Gunsmith – Good day from the Gunsmiths. Darrin forged, filed, and fit the last two parts to the pair of
pistol locks: the steel (frizzen) springs. He still needs to adjust the amount of pressure on the springs against
the bottom of the steel so that they feel the same, as well as polishing and engraving.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�Richard has filed the patchbox release catch spring and inlet it under the butt piece. The push rod is
next, and it will protrude out the top of the butt piece as the button to release the lid. The kick open spring,
which will be anchored underneath a finial, is being filed up now.
Research material has included Rifles of Colonial America; Great British Gun Makers, Volume 2; and
Journal of American Armsmaking Technology.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�The Gunsmith Shop will be open Sunday, Wednesday through Saturday.
Historic Farming – The folks who visited us from Colonial Pennsylvania Plantation greatly benefited from a
sheep handling workshop given by Thomas Stover of the Coach and Livestock Department. Other workshoplike activities occurred this week, teaching some CW staff how to plow. Also, flax was sown at Prentis Field.
Thomas Stover teaching sheep handling
Al Lovelace learns how to plow.
Prentis Field will be open Tuesday through Saturday, weather permitting.
Joinery – The Joinery will be open Tuesday (10:00-11:00am for the Workshop only), and Wednesday
through Saturday. On Wednesday, April 13th, 4:30pm in the Hennage Auditorium, the Joiners will present
“Sash Windows: History and Construction.” In this presentation, the Joiners will discuss the evolution of
windows, the tools used in their construction, and their indication of status.
Milliner and Mantua-maker – The Shop will be open Sunday, Monday, Thursday (12:00-5:00pm),
Friday, and Saturday.
Music – Greetings from The Governor’s Musick! We began our evening concert series in the Palace
Ballroom on Tuesday night. After all the events of the past two years, we decided to celebrate life and
loveliness with concerts celebrating Spring. The first, “Spring-time, Fresh and Greene,” seems especially apt
right now, with the cool rain, the lambs in the fields, and the birdsongs, which are everywhere right now. This
April, we have concerts two nights per week, which coincide with another celebration of Spring, CW Lights,
which begins just as our concerts end. In May, we look at the more tempestuous side of Spring—storms,
unrequited love, and folly—as well as its softer side. Concerts in this series will only be on Tuesdays.
All of our research this past week has been geared to rehearsing and finalizing this second concert:
finding and arranging repertoire, researching composers’ lives and works, and doing all those little things that
need to be done to put a concert together. We’re excited with the way the project is going, and we hope you
can join us.
If Musick be the food of Love,
Sing on, till I am fill’d with joy;
For then my listning Soul you move,
To pleasures that can never cloy.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�Printer and Bookbinder:
Printing Office – We had a welcome break from the press this week, as Mark Henley paid us a visit.
Mark is an Apothecary Apprentice, and he had questions about pasteboard for use in providing cast-like
support for a broken forearm. Mark made a paste board, laminating five sheets of wastepaper, one to
another, with a wheat paste. It is likely more layers of pasted paper will have to be added, but this is for Mark
to explore.
We have made pasteboard in the past as a Shop-made substitute for the imported milled boards that
would have to be imported into 18th-century Williamsburg.
The Printing Office will be open Tuesday through Saturday.
Bindery – The Bookbindery will be open Sunday through Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday.
Public Leather Works – The Public Leather Works will be open Sunday, Monday, Wednesday, and
Thursday.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�Shoemaker – The Shoemakers will be at the Armoury Sunday, Monday, and Thursday through Saturday.
Silversmith – The Silversmiths are making quite a dent in their list of projects. Megan continues working
on her ingot and saw piercing a mote spoon, along with filing a mountain of trade silver for the store. Chris
has conquered the hinges on the teapot and is now finished with all of the hotwork. She is now working on
filing the teapot and carving the wooden handle. Bobbie’s tray rim is coming along quite nicely. Preston
continues work on his small bowls and on polishing jewelry for the retail store, two things in constant demand.
George continues his work on cups and filing castings, as well as rolling out silver sheet from our cast ingots.
He has also begun work on a miniature mote spoon. As for research, we have acquired more books on
American Indian trade silver, and Megan has been reading through Jewelry in America by Martha Gandy Fales.
Chris’s teapot with finished hinges
Preston’s bowls
George’s miniature mote spoon blank next
to the regular sized mote spoon blank
The Silversmith Shop will be open Tuesday through Saturday.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�Tailor – This last week, the Tailor Shop changed schedule and will be open Friday through Tuesday until April
24th. Starting this week, the Tailors will be leading a new Workshop on Friday mornings (10:00am-11:00am)
called “Every Child Taught to Sew.” What better way to learn a necessary life skill than to take up sharp steel
and try it! We will instruct the Workshop participants in the stitches most commonly used by the trade, as
well as walk them through the finer points of making covered buttons. The new Stitchers will leave the
Workshop with a stitch book full of samples, covered button, and materials to continue practicing on their
own. The program is open to ten participants each morning and requires an event ticket.
The Tailor Shop will be open Sunday through Tuesday, Friday (11:30-5:00), and Saturday.
Weaving, Spinning, and Dyeing – This week, we
had our first Weaving Workshop! A dozen Guests joined us to
learn about spinning, weaving, and dyeing, and took home a
bit of their own carded and spun wool, as well as a reusable
cardboard loom, large needle, and thread to weave their own
small items. There were a lot of creative ideas on display, and
we can't wait to see what Guests in the next two classes do!
In apprenticeship news, Joe is expecting to be finished with
his second bed rug by the end of our work week, and
Pamela's spinning and plying is coming along beautifully.
The Weaving Shop will be open on Sunday, Monday (11:305:00), Tuesday, Wednesday, and Saturday.
Wheelwright – A warmer week for the Deane Shop. The Wheelwright hooped a pair of smaller handcart
wheels for the Market House. Apprentices Murphy and Joel are cleaning and "boxing" the wheels before they
get painted. Under the guidance of Master Wheelwright Paul, both Apprentices used a rasp to chamfer the
corners of the fellies between the spokes. This will not only make the wheels look aesthetically cleaner, but
also reduce their overall weight. The hubs of these wheels will be riding on a metal axle, so on to "boxing".
This process involves a cone-shaped metal sleeve known as the box, and boring tools such as the auger and
tapered reamer. Using the combination of the two boring tools, the center of the hub is cored out and the
box is installed tight using a sledgehammer. The Wheelwrights have surplus yellow ochre paint left from
painting the Garden wheelbarrow a few weeks prior, so these wheels will be painted at the beginning of next
week.
The Wheelwright Shop will be open Sunday through Thursday.
Wigmaker – Hello from the Wig Shop! Benton's "secret" project is complete! Inventory Clerk Mr.
Bones needed some hair, so Benton made a proper wig, but in miniature. He followed the techniques for
making a full-size wig but scaled it down considerably. Now, Mr. Bones will be a great representative of the
Shop... as soon as he gets some clothes. Edith has completed Robert's wig, as well; and as we type this, we're
just waiting for him to come in for a fitting to make sure everything is going to fit just perfectly. This past
Thursday, she was finally able to style Alex's hair for our Military hair program. They went with a traditional
military wrapped queue with a single buckle at the temple, and it looks great on Alex! As usual, don't hesitate
to reach out for any tonsorial needs.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�The Wig Shop will be open on Sunday through Thursday.
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a publication of the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades & Skills.
Editor: Shari Monaco
Contributors: Apothecary – Sharon Cotner, Armoury – Joel Anderson (Tinsmith), Anthony Hay Shop – Edward
Wright (Harpsichord-maker), Brickmaker – Madeleine Bolton, Carpenter – Matt Sanbury, Colonial Garden –
Teal Brooks, Engraver – Lynn Zelesnikar, Foundry – Mike Noftsger, Gunsmith – Darrin McDonal, Historic
Farming – Ed Schultz, Music – Karol Steadman, Printer and Bookbinder – Peter Stinely (Printing Office),
Silversmith – Megan Cantwell, Tailor – Michael McCarty, Weaving, Spinning, and Dyeing – Annie Buss,
Wheelwright – Joel Morris, Wigmaker – Debbie Turpin
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 8, Issue 13
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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The Mechanick's Adviser
Description
An account of the resource
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a weekly newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades and Skills beginning in September 2015 and continuing to the present. The word “mechanick” is an alternative spelling of “mechanic” and is used here in the more archaic sense meaning a skilled tradesperson or artisan. Some weeks the newsletter was not produced and there is a significant months-long gap in the 2020 newsletters reflecting the pandemic-related limitations and closures of the department. The newsletter relates employee news and the current work projects and research of the various trades’ shops belonging to the department as well as other groups described as “skills” including military, music, and dance programs.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-
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Title
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The Mechanick's Adviser. Volume 8, number 13, April 8, 2022
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades and Skills
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2022-04-15
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78779da467054f9ea09f333a9cdcb12b
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THE MECHANICK’S ADVISER
April 19, 2021
Apothecary – Sharon finished transcribing and proofing the first Galt - Barraud daybook and has started on the
second one. Mark has been busy studying, and Robin is making progress writing study notes on mental health. Sunday,
the three of us picked violets, and Mark made a syrup from the fresh
flowers. We really like the way this looks. It is the only medicine that we
make that has this deep blue hue. Syrup of violets was used in the 18th
century as a laxative for children. We have an original container that held
this product.
Engraver Lynn Zelesnikar finished the first print of her work of
an 18th-century illustration on dentistry. This is from the second
edition of John Hunter’s book, The Natural History of the Human Teeth,
published in London in 1778. Study the detail in Lynn’s work. We plan
to frame it and display it upstairs in the Shop. Thank-you, Lynn. We
propose that a future copy can be used when interpreting in the Shop.
The plate in her left hand is another project in progress.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 7, Issue 5
�The Apothecaries will be at the Raleigh Tavern on Tuesday and at the Art Museum Gallery on Friday
(unadvertised).
Armoury:
Blacksmith – Ken’s work has been choppy lately, not in terms of quality but in terms of use: Axes large and
small for the American Indian Interpreters. Mark continues work on trade knives for the same, making and assembling
their handles. The two most experienced Smiths in the Shop have matching themes this week, for in addition to tools
for our American Indian Program, both are making tools for the hearth: Ladles remain a hot topic for the Master, along
with the andirons now completed by Mark, and a spit still ongoing. Aislinn finished a tiny pair of compass for Jan at the
Public Leather Works and has been working on a traveler for the Wheelwrights and a broiler, a sort of round, rotating
gridiron. On the Apprentices’ benches, you can see froes and hoes from Broadus and Alex, respectively. Broadus has
had a breezy week, and he’s flying high as he nears completion of his spiders. Owen, meanwhile, continues to improve
his holdfasts. And as always, nails are a welcome warm-up. But no matter what highs you reach, or what depths you
breech, it all falls well at the foot of the anvil.
The Blacksmiths will be at the Armoury Daily.
Anthony Hay Shop
Cabinetmaker – We Cabinetmakers are only a few months
past our 2021 Working Wood Conference, but we are already
getting a sense for next year’s projects. Wednesday morning, we
took a trip to the Art Museum to see a piece already on display in
the Williamsburg exhibit, a Desk & Bookcase from the original
Anthony Hay Shop. John and Jeremy will be reproducing this
piece, both for the Conference and their apprenticeships. Back in
the Shop, John has gotten the top for his sideboard table flattened
and has molded the edges before finally attaching the top to the
table. It’s starting to shape up! Jeremy has started work on
carving the outside faces of the doors to the apothecary chest.
They have a slightly recessed shape to add visual interest to the
finished chest. Jeremy has also been hunting for good hardware
to add to the piece and outfitting the interior spaces of the
drawers. Bill has been working on some of the structure of his
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 7, Issue 5
�table around the drawer section and hopes to start that part of the table soon.
The Cabinetmakers will be at the Art Museum Gallery on Monday.
Harpsichord-Makers – This week in the Harpsichord corner, Ed and Melanie have been working on the
keyboard layout for the new spinet. (Look for some pictures next time as things progress). In addition, they are
planning the next steps for finishing the jacks – the bristle spring tests done this week look promising!
The Harpsichord-makers will be at the Art Museum Gallery on Saturday.
Brickmaker – The Brickmakers' invasion of the Carpenters Yard is in full swing! As most of you know by now, the
Brickyard is going to be moving. While preparations for the new site are made and the old site is closed, we have
managed to annex a portion of the Carpenters Yard, where we will be doing programming this summer. This week,
Lauren Neff from Coach & Livestock, along with the dynamic duo of Pat and Mike, helped us move approximately 300
bricks from the old Brickyard up to the Carpenters Yard. We also had a barrel of burnt shell brought up. Nick will be
using these bricks to build some sample panels as a way to practice bricklaying for his apprenticeship. We will also be
mixing up some mortar on site. On Friday, we will be loading oyster shell into the lime kiln as we prepare for another
test firing. This will be our first time firing with shell so stay tuned for the results!
Carpenter – The Carpenters Yard is busy and full of projects. Hay feeders for Coach & Livestock are complete and
ready to go out into pastures.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 7, Issue 5
�We’re cutting in the corner braces for the grape
arbor, which we’ll put up soon in the Colonial Garden.
Visitation has been steady at the Yard the last couple
of weeks. Lots of work for people to see.
We’re using red cedar for the grape arbor
framing, with black locust posts and pegs. Should
hold up in the weather for many decades.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 7, Issue 5
�We’ve been helping our colleagues in Operations with repairs at the Peyton
Randolph Property. Twenty years after we built the Kitchen and Outbuildings,
some of the steps and siding need replacement. We’ve been planing up the
new weatherboards that the Millwork Shop has fabricated to make sure they
have a hand-planed surface. This material is “toasted” or heat-treated tulip
poplar, which makes the siding more durable. Beautiful stuff, isn’t it?
The Carpenters will be in the Carpenter Yard Daily, weather
permitting, and will be giving a presentation on Tuesday, April 20th at 4:30pm in the Hennage Auditorium.
Colonial Garden – Warmer weather is here to stay. For our region of Virginia, mid-April is the point in the year
when we no longer have a risk of freezing temperatures. The next few weeks will be very busy in the Colonial Garden as
we begin to sow seeds for summer plants directly into the soil and transplant many of the plants that we started in our
hotbeds. Larger potted plants that we put down into an empty hotbed for the winter to protect them from freezing
have been placed around the Garden and our seedlings started this spring were potted up into larger containers as they
await their turn to be planted. We sowed seeds for cucumber and an early variety of melon into the hotbeds to fill the
frames once the other plants are moved out into the Garden. This week, we sent ingredients for a lovely spring salad to
the Foodways Kitchen as well as swiss chard, kale, and asparagus. The Garden is full of color. New plants blooming this
week include Persian lilac (Syringa x persica), eastern red columbine (Aquilegia canadensis), broad beans (Vicia faba),
and money plant (Lunaria annua).
Broad beans, also known as fava beans, have an attractive flower before producing
their edible pods.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 7, Issue 5
�Persian lilac in full bloom
Seedlings in the hotbed ready for larger pots
The Gardeners will be in the Colonial Garden Daily, weather permitting.
Foodways – Historic Foodways kicked off the week with the first beer brewing of the season. The Apprentices got to
practice grinding malt. We brewed a strong brown ale which is fermenting nicely so far.
The Colonial Garden provided us with some beautiful produce, and Barbara made one of her signature salads at
the Armoury. Megan successfully boiled her first plum pudding with some much-needed supplies from the
Leatherworkers and the Blacksmiths. Frank welcomed the spring weather with a dish of asparagus and eggs, using
asparagus freshly cut from the Palace Kitchen Garden. Brendon baked numerous cakes as a thank you to some of our
colleagues.
Foodways will be at the Armoury on Sunday and Monday.
Engraver – This week at the Engraving Shop, William’s research into printed textiles has begun to bear fruit. Four
different methods of preparation have been tested with printer’s ink on a proven plate in an effort to determine which
is the best course for future experimenting, three on linen fabric (wet, dry, and dry with a paper backing) and one on
leather. The results so far are promising and have been shared with the Weavers and the Milliners, both of whom have
been instrumental in the process so far and have an interest in the future results. The current concern is the
colorfastness of the print, as the printer’s ink does not work the same as a dye.
In the mid to late 18th century, copperplate printed textiles were produced by the European powers as direct
competition to hand painted and block-printed Indian calicoes and chintzes. The process was a highly guarded secret at
the time, and technology progressed rather quickly to the point that copper plates were replaced by copper rollers. As
such, the process for printing on fabric from copper plate is not as well documented as block or roller printing, but a few
key documents have helped to bring some crucial details to light. With these details and some input from the Weavers,
preparations are being made to print both with mordants for madder dying and directly with indigo. Stay tuned for
future updates!
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�Wet fabric, no backing
Dry fabric, no backing
Dry fabric, paper backing for support
~1mm thick leather
The Engravers will be at the Art Museum Gallery on Friday.
Foundry – The Foundry has been working on musket balls
at the Armoury and harpsichord brass in the Shop.
The Founder will be at the Armoury on Tuesday.
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�Gunsmith – Here in the Gunsmith Shop, work progresses, albeit slowly since we are down to two people for a few
weeks. Brad continues with the lock plates by folding/forging the bumped-up part to a 90゚ to form the pan and bridal.
In the photo with the lock plates, the lowest plate has not been forged over yet.
Darrin forged out some pistol tumbler blanks and tumbler bridles. The tumblers are then milled down in the tumbler
mill to bring the sides parallel to each other and to the right thickness, also forming the interior axle from which it will
rotate.
The Gunsmiths will be in their Shop on Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday.
Historic Farming – Prentis Field has been plowed and harrowed in preparation for planting. Corn will be planted
next week after hilling, cotton the first week of May, and tobacco in mid-May. Shown in one of the photos is Ed doing
the final plowing as it was done in the 18th-century: plowing and driving at the same time. With oxen, it takes a driver
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�for the team and another person to work the plow. Many planters that could afford horses began making this transition
in the third quarter of the 18th century to reduce the labor required to plow in half. There were those that clung to
oxen, though. The advantage to oxen is that most farmers already had cattle. Capture a steer when it is young and train
him for a couple of years. Fully grown and trained at four years, he is called an ox. Now work him for about six years.
An ox starts wearing out at about ten years old. At that time, one transitioned to other oxen coming up.
In the other photo can be seen harrowing. This is the breaking of the rough surface caused by plowing. The
spike teeth of the harrow break up the dirt clods and knocks the surface down smooth to produce loose soil to plant in.
Think of it like a giant rake working the land over. Horses are preferred for harrowing as they move faster than oxen. I
have harrowed plenty of land with oxen, and I can tell you that, because they move slowly, the time going over the field
to break it down is at least double. In the 18th century, horses could harrow up to two acres of land a day while a team
of oxen is around one acre.
Plowing
Harrowing
The Farmer will be at Prentis Field Tuesday through Saturday.
Joiner – This week, the Joiners will continue work on the sashes for the Saunders House. Scott and Amanda have
both begun cutting their mortises, while Peter is prepping a story stick. For those interested in the intersection of
Joiners and Carpenters, Peter contributed to a livestream with the Carpenters last week focusing on the dormer
constructed there. The video is posted on Colonial Williamsburg's Facebook page. The Joiners will once again be at the
Raleigh Tavern Wednesday for those who would like to catch up with their progress.
The Joiners will be at the Raleigh Tavern on Wednesday.
Milliner and Mantua-maker – Janea is working on trying to understand
the 18th-century "job descriptions" of several of the enslaved women who worked
and lived at the Millinery Shop. It appears that mending, hemming, and darning are
key to the laundress's skill. So, I am practicing on some beautiful blankets made by
the Weavers.
The Milliners will be at the Weaver Shop on Friday and the Raleigh Tavern on
Saturday.
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�Music – Greetings from The Governor’s Musick! We are busy with our new spring projects: we are helping with
the Palace lines during the busy Spring Break and Easter season and will be participating in the new Evening
Programs venture, “CW Lights”. “Music in the Museums” continues, as advertised on Wednesdays, 10am-12pm
and 2-4pm, and informally on Saturdays at the Levanti Gallery at the Museum. We have two Trades at the
Hennage presentations coming up: “How to Play the (18th-century) Violin” on April 28th, and “Is it a Viol? Or a
Cello?” on June 10th. Rehearsals for “The Music That Binds” are starting up soon. We hope you all are enjoying
the warmer weather!
The Musicians will be at the Art Museum on Wednesdays, the Raleigh Tavern Dining Room on
Fridays (except April 23), and on the Palace Garden grounds for “CW Lights” on the evenings of April 18, 19,
23-25, and May 2.
(left to right): Brady presenting to a group in the Raleigh Tavern Dining Room; Karol in the Raleigh Tavern; Karol playing for the
Palace line.
Danny and Jenny in the Raleigh Tavern.
Printer and Bookbinder – Good day to you from the Printing Office and Bookbindery!
When not interpreting, these past couple of weeks have found many members of the Historic Trades and Skills
Community out and about in the Historic Area - not only covering breaks but helping to direct and entertain the guests
who are standing in long Spring-Break lines. It has been truly wonderful to catch up with friends we don’t usually get a
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�chance to see. It is times like these that I am reminded that at Colonial Williamsburg, we truly are one great big family.
Let the shenanigans commence!
Until next time, stay safe out there.
The Printers will be at the Art Museum Gallery on Sunday, while the Bookbinders will be at the
Raleigh Tavern on Thursday.
Public Leather Works – The Public Leather Works is struggling to catch its breath after a very busy Spring Break.
The past week was all about sword belts, with Jan stitching Hungarian knots until his fingers bled, well not really, but I'd
wager he was getting powerful sick of them. We are looking forward to a pile of candle spots for the Kings Arms Tavern
as well as a few odds and ends. As was said last week, as there are no large projects underway, now might be a good
time to talk to us about your upcoming needs.
The Public Leather Works will be at the Armoury on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, and at the Raleigh Tavern on
Friday.
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�Silversmith – The Silversmiths have had quite a week: interpreting at the Raleigh Tavern on Monday, the Gallery on
Tuesday, Preston preparing and delivering a talk at the Hennage Auditorium on Thursday, and everyone working on
their NIA outlines. At the same time, we have been making and polishing spoons, rings, trade silver for the Prentis Store,
and filling a custom order for spoons for a historic tavern museum in New Jersey. We are looking into the manufacture
of some new dies for making mourning rings and clasped hand rings, as our old die has seen better days.
The Silversmiths will be in the Raleigh Tavern on Monday and the Art Museum Gallery on Tuesday.
Tailor –
The Tailors will be in the Weaver Shop on Sunday and Monday and in the Art Museum Gallery on Wednesday.
Weaver – Another Dye Day is upon us. The usual preparations have begun in
earnest, with scouring and mordanting taking place behind the scenes. This Dye
Day, we will be dyeing raw fiber in the form of locks of wool from our very own
flock of Leicester Longwools, skeins of handspun, even some commercially spun
yarn, and a few yards of finished fabric, as well. Who knows, maybe a cap or
apron might be tossed in to overdye, as well? For all of these, if an even and
consistent color is to be applied, the fibers must be prepared. Everything to be
dyed is first scoured in hot water with a bit of mild detergent to ensure everything
is clean and nothing will act as a resist to our dyes. Next, most everything will be
mordanted to create a bridge between the fiber and the dye, allowing for a better
result. Some dyes do not require a mordant, so we need to plan that ahead of
time to keep from making more work for ourselves than we need to. Then the
dyes themselves are cooked down and prepared. All of this happens in the days
leading up to the explosion of colors you see on our drying lines after the day is
done. This Dye Day, however, there is one extra step. All our pots have been
emptied and scrubbed, then refilled with fresh water. They were thick with
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�pollen when we went to check on them. This must be the price we all pay to have new lambs. Oh well, happy Spring
everyone!
The Weavers will be in their Shop on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday.
Wheelwright –
The Wheelwrights will be at the Armoury on Sunday, Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
Wigmaker – Work continues on the Marquis's wig. The caul and reinforcement tapes have been stitched
into place, and stays are being added, after which, we will begin sewing on the rows of hair! The spring season
has definitely begun for us, and the wigs are starting to show up in need of some TLC. We promise to get
them back out to our colleagues as soon as possible but continue to ask for your patience. We have included a
couple photos of Mr. Wythe wearing his new wig as well as a photo of the nearly complete caul for the
Marquis.
The Wigmakers will be at the Raleigh Tavern on Sunday and the Art Museum Gallery on Thursday.
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a publication of the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades & Skills.
Editor: Shari Monaco
Contributors: Apothecary – Robin Kipps, Armoury - Alex Hinman (Blacksmith), Anthony Hay Shop – John Peeler
(Cabinetmaker) and Melanie Belongia (Harpsichord-maker), Brickmaker – Nicholas White, Carpenter – Garland Wood,
Colonial Garden – Teal Brooks, Engraver – William Fleming, Foodways – Megan Sirak, Foundry – Mike Noftsger,
Gunsmith – Darrin McDonal, Historic Farming – Ed Schultz, Joiner – Peter Hudson, Milliner and Mantua-maker – Janea
Whitacre, Music – Amy Miller, Printer and Bookbinder – Barbara Swanson, Public Leather Works – Jay Howlett,,
Weaver – Joe Wixted, , Wigmaker – Debbie Turpin
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 7, Issue 5
�
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The Mechanick's Adviser
Description
An account of the resource
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a weekly newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades and Skills beginning in September 2015 and continuing to the present. The word “mechanick” is an alternative spelling of “mechanic” and is used here in the more archaic sense meaning a skilled tradesperson or artisan. Some weeks the newsletter was not produced and there is a significant months-long gap in the 2020 newsletters reflecting the pandemic-related limitations and closures of the department. The newsletter relates employee news and the current work projects and research of the various trades’ shops belonging to the department as well as other groups described as “skills” including military, music, and dance programs.
Date
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2015-
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The Mechanick's Adviser. Volume 7, number 5, April, 16, 2021
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades and Skills
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
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2021-04-16
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THE MECHANICK’S ADVISER
April 2, 2021
Apothecary – A-ha moments, those happy discoveries in better understanding your computer, discovering
a lost process of the past, or an 18th-century quote that surprises you. One A-ha moment for Sharon and me
many years ago was the discovery that 18th-century professional medical books do not attribute the cause of
any disease to the ancient theory of the four humors. (This was an old theory dating back to at least the 2nd
century, A.D., that was based on the belief that the body had four humors, which were black bile, yellow bile,
blood, and phlegm. It was believed that disease could be explained in terms of an imbalance of the humors.)
Unfortunately, today this theory is still featured in books and online when discussing 18th-century health
issues. One does not often run across an 18th-century doctor critiquing this old theory. I was surprised to
read the following written in a 1740s medical dictionary by Dr. Robert James [1703? - 1776]:
“The Antients, [sic] who were Strangers to the Circulation of the Blood, assigned various, though
absurd and unsatisfactory proximate Causes of Deliriums. Thus some of them accounted for them
from an Exsudation [sic] of the black Bile.”
In reference to deliriums, he mentions that they can occur during a fever. If, however, there is not a fever,
and the delirium continues for a long period of time and happens after a melancholic state (characterized by
symptoms of serious depression), then this particular type of delirium is called madness. So, in a nutshell,
ancient Roman physicians believed that black bile was a factor in causing mental health issues. Dr. James does
not completely dismiss insights from his ancient predecessors and quotes Hippocrates (circa 460 – 370 B.C.)
about the brain:
“…the Brain is the most noble Part of the Body, which, tho’ in a manner inconceivable by us, the wise
and bountiful Parent of Mankind Species has made the common Receptacle or Repository of the Soul,
the Genius, the Fancy, the Memory, and the external Senses.”
Hippocrates had an artistic writing style. If anyone is curious and wants bibliographic info for the above, let us
know.
We continue working on our career track and our site records too. We are on the schedule for
programs at the Hennage starting this month and eventually for a day at the Gallery. Happy Easter!!
The Apothecaries will be presenting a program at the Hennage on Sunday, April 4th at 4:30pm, and
will be at the Raleigh Tavern on Tuesday.
Armoury:
Blacksmith – The past week has seen the Shop bustling with activity, as ever. Aislinn has been
hammering heel rims, calipers, and pricking irons, a kind of layout tool for Leatherworkers. Alex has continued
forging out hoes, filing hinges, and adjusted some wheel boxes for Apprentice Wheelwright Mike’s hand cart.
Broadus has been working on the feet for cooking pans, called spiders, as well as froes. Ken has been forging
plane irons and cooking utensils with great intensity, filing the latter to perfection. Mark has fitted together
parts for his andirons and finished fixing his hacksaw. Owen, for his part, has been recycling material and
producing holdfasts. A wide variety of work, to be sure, but it all falls well at the foot of the anvil.
The Blacksmiths will be at the Armoury Daily.
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�Tinsmith – This week at the Armoury Tin Shop, the Spring-Break surge of visitors reminded us of the
good old pre-COVID-19 days’ crowds. We are setting up again at the Mary Stith House Yard (weather
permitting) to interpret while making some inventory to send to Prentis Store, such as gill cups, porringers,
mugs, and tinderboxes. We are also making a 5-gallon bucket with its lid for the Blacksmiths at Mount Vernon.
Albeit not frequent, orders from outside of the Foundation are usually from institutions with similar programs
to ours needing good reproductions to support the quality of their interpretation. The large container will hold
oil for quench-hardening steel such as in the making of edged tools. Because our material comes in standard
18th-century sizes that are shorter than the circumference and height of the bucket, the body was pieced
together from six panels. This bucket requires seven sheets of tinplate in all.
The Tinsmith will be at the Armoury Tuesday – Saturday and will be presenting a program at the
Hennage on Tuesday, April 6th at 4:30pm.
iPhone Photo: Jenny Lynn
Anthony Hay Shop
Cabinetmaker – This week, the Cabinetmakers have made progress in various interesting things. John
finished off a trio of petite boxes for storing various sundries. He has also been practicing cutting custom
moldings on the four sides of a board for his tabletop. Jeremy has gotten the lion's share of the drawer work
done on the apothecary chest, which puts us within sight of finishing the piece. Bill has stolen some time at
the bench to get some support structure done on his writing table and has recently helped with some filming
at the Joinery.
The Cabinetmakers will be at the Art Museum Gallery on Wednesday.
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�Harpsichord-Makers – In the Harpsichord corner, we marked the marvelous occasion of Ed’s 38th
work anniversary this week. We are happy to have him as a colleague and appreciate all his hard work,
dedication, and expertise – can’t imagine the Harpsichord corner without him! We’ve been continuing our
work on the case assembly and have been taking advantage of the stream to relax the wood’s fibers so we can
bend the liner for the bentside. We are getting ready to work on marking out the keys to cut them into levers.
Stay tuned for more!
The Harpsichord-makers will be at the Art Museum Gallery on Saturday.
Brickmaker – This week the Brickmakers put some finishing touches on the cob oven at the Anderson
Armoury. Some adjustments had to be made to the opening, but once the clay has dried the oven will be fully
operational. Our next project will be to color wash the Grissel-Hay kitchen. We are currently waiting on a
shipment of pigment and once that has arrived, we'll get to work. Kenneth has extensively experimented with
different 18th-century color wash recipes and now we will get the chance to apply it on a larger scale. On
Thursday, Kenneth gave a presentation at the Hennage about the aesthetic styles of 18th-century brick
architecture. On Friday and Saturday this week, the Brickmakers will be at the Carpenter's Yard making our
famous pine tar.
Carpenter – The Carpenters continue to build hay feeders for our Colleagues in Coach & Livestock. They
are framed out of pine and riven oak, and you’ll soon see them out in the pastures around the Historic Area.
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�We are also delighted to have received a new handcart from the Wheelwrights, which will be immensely
useful in carrying tools and materials around the yard and around town. We are putting a pine tar finish on
the cart to protect it from the weather, figuring a fancy paint job for a working cart like this would be a bit
overblown for simple, humble Tradesmen such as ourselves. Plus, we can never get the flames and racing
stripes to look just right...
The Carpenters will be in the Carpenter Yard Daily, weather permitting.
Colonial Garden – With Spring finally here, the Gardeners have been very busy weeding the beds and
pathways and preparing for the warmer weather. Our lovely potted tulips have been moved out into the
Garden and have begun to bloom, the anemones continue to put on a colorful display, and the peach and
nectarine trees are blooming a brilliant pink. We have begun blanching endive, a process that involves putting
an upturned flowerpot over the plant to deprive it of sunlight for about two weeks. This prevents chlorophyll,
the cells that give plants their green color but also a bitter flavor, from forming in the leaves, resulting in white
leaves that are sweeter tasting. New hurdles have been installed to replace the old ones beneath the cherry
laurel tree. Our winter radishes have been harvested and sent to the Williamsburg Inn, making room for our
white potatoes to go into the ground. There are two methods for potato planting that we practice. One is to
dig, plant, and mound, the other is the same except the potatoes are surrounded by a layer of straw before
the soil is mounded over them. Last year, we did one row in each style, and the row without straw resulted in
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�more potatoes, but the row with straw resulted in larger potatoes. We are repeating the two different style
rows again this year to see if the results remain the same. Our Intern helped dig the trenches, plant the seed
potatoes, and scatter straw, before mounding the soil over them. Several of our summer seeds have
germinated in the second hot bed. We are looking forward to the last frost so that we can plant out the spring
and summer seedlings!
The Gardeners will be in the Colonial Garden Daily, weather permitting.
Keizerskroon (Dutch for imperial crown) Tulip
Peach Blossom
Placing straw over potatoes before mounding soil
Engravers – The Engravers this week are back in the swing of things. A return to printing – Finally! - and
catching up on getting our class proposals ready for next year. The ideas include designing monograms and a
scrimshaw class.
The Gallery visits have been great. It is so nice to see more and more Guests. William has been
working hard on moving forward in his apprenticeship. He has been running test prints on a recently finished
copperplate. This is the point of looking closely to make improvements in cuts needed and any cleanup and
burnishing to do. It is a satisfying part of the copperplate process. Up to this point, the Engraver has been
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�looking at a reverse image the whole time. The perspective really changes when it is printed. It is a whole
new design. Next week should bring us more test printing and a return to learning lettering. The ole’ ABCs to
us is our bread and butter. Monograms, cyphers, inscription, Script, Roman, Old English, and more. Lettering
will be a constant through the entire apprenticeship. The test of an Engraver’s ability is not ornament. It is
possible to hide lots of mistakes or “happy accidents” in there. Lettering holds a lot of discipline and rules. No
room for mistakes.
We are looking forward to a busy weekend. We hope everyone has a wonderful Easter and Spring
Break.
The Engravers will be at the Art Museum Gallery on Friday.
Foodways – This week, Historic Foodways enjoyed the beautiful weather and the significant increase in
Guests while cooking at the Public Armoury and the Governor's Palace. Barbara made some excellent Chelsea
Buns at the Armoury, which boosted morale all around the site. Frank demonstrated some beautiful pastry
work on an Apple Pie at the Governor's Palace (pictured below). Brendon and Megan learned how to make
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�Cut and Laid Tarts and did some seasonal pickling. We have started planning which recipes we will use for our
upcoming beer brewing on April 11th.
Foodways will be at the Armoury on Sunday and Monday.
Foundry – The Foundry cleaned up another 500 musket balls for the Range and drilled Harpsichord hinges.
The Founder will be at the Armoury on Tuesday.
Gunsmith – This week at the Gunsmith, we have been working on odds and ends in our smith Shop while
our building has been closed for maintenance. Darrin has been helping Brad forge lock parts, mainly lock
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�plates and steels/batteries/frizzens. Darrin forged out some tumbler blanks and bridle blanks for the pistol
locks, while Richard helped a little boy with his Toy rifle.
The Gunsmiths will open on Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday.
Historic Farming – The tobacco season began today with the burning of wood on the seed bed to kill
weed seeds. The tobacco seed is mixed with ash and then spread on the carefully chopped and smoothed soil.
Thus began the 13-month crop. It’s called this because by the time that a seed bed was planted, they were
finishing up packing (prizing) hogsheads of the previous year’s crop for the shipment to England.
The Farmer will be at Prentis Field Tuesday through Saturday.
Burning wood on the seed bed to kill weed seeds.
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�The seedbed planted and ready to go.
Joinery – This week, the Joiners were taught the basics of glass-cutting over on the modern side of town by
Carpenter Foreman Bill Selk. The dormer window needs eight pieces of glass, while the Saunders House
project will require a total of seventy-five pieces, so the Apprentices will have plenty of time to practice. The
glass for the dormer window needs to be historically accurate, which made the process a little bit more
difficult. Period glass has defects and imperfections that can disrupt the straight lines the cutting knife leaves
behind. Once the line has been scribed, a bit of steady pressure should be able to separate the glass along the
line. However, if the scribe has run right through an imperfection in the glass (say, a large bubble or area
where the glass pooled more thickly), it can shatter or lead to the break running in an undesirable direction.
This is less likely in the hands of an experienced worker, but for three Apprentices? All eight pieces of glass for
the dormer are ready to go, but there were many unusable shards by the end of the process. We would like to
note that none of this was due to Bill’s instruction; he was a fantastic teacher, and we are exceptionally
grateful that he was willing to take time out of his day to help us. Enjoy these pictures of Peter and Bill sizing
the glass, and the Apprentices learning the basics of using a glass-cutting scribe.
The Joiners will be at the Raleigh Tavern on Wednesday.
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�Milliner and Mantua-marker – We’re adjusting to our new Saturday home at the Raleigh Tavern and
are thoroughly enjoying introducing Guests to the 18th-century version of traveling dress. Our green silk
Brunswick is progressing, with the back pleated panel and sleeve extensions finished and the petticoat nearly
so. The shapes of the sleeves and front of the jacket have been taken from our “pattern” gown (since we’re
still not cutting directly from the body yet!), and we’ve also begun hemming the trim. Alexa, who is serving as
our “customer,” couldn’t resist trying on the pieces, just to see how they’re all coming together!
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�Dolley Madison’s velvet gown is also nearly finished. We were able to do a quick fitting with Michelle
last week, and the sleeves and bodice have been pinned to size and are ready to be stitched into place. The
hem also needs to be faced with an inexpensive silk to protect it, as it has a train in back, and then it will be
time to attach the bodice to the skirt and call it complete!
The Milliners will be at the Weaver Shop on Friday and the Raleigh Tavern on Saturday.
Music – Greetings from The Governor’s Musick! Spring is in the air with its changeable weather, and at
least one of our brains (this writer’s) is a little addled trying to keep up with all the changes coming our way
and the logistics they entail for a group with disparate schedules and rehearsal needs. We are going to start
having a Trades & Skills presence at the Raleigh Tavern next week, which we are all excitedly preparing for.
We’re trying to bring some respite to the guests in the long lines at the Governor’s Palace, setting ourselves on
the kitchen porch of the Robert Carter House and providing a little entertainment to those hardy souls who
were waiting to get a peek at the lodgings of His Majesty’s Representative in the Commonwealth. We’ve been
asked to provide music on April 18th as part of the CW Light Show in the Palace Gardens coming up. We’ve
added Saturdays to our Museum presence. Amy and Karol are being approved to perform!
Best wishes to all—
The Musicians will be at the Art Museum on Wednesday and the Raleigh Tavern on Friday.
Printer and Bookbinder – This past Thursday, the Bookbinders were at the Raleigh Tavern with an
assist from the Printing staff; yet before the day got too busy, Peter and Barbara went on a treasure hunt to
the Clerk's room in the Courthouse.
The Printers will be at the Art Museum Gallery on Sunday, while the Bookbinders will be at the
Raleigh Tavern on Thursday.
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�Public Leather Works –
The Leatherworkers will be at the Armoury on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday.
Shoemaker – Nicole is starting to fix the shoes of Palace cook Barbara. Val has finished Tinsmith Joel’s
shoes and will begin repairs on those for Robert Weathers. Rob continues work on the shoes for the Joiner
Amanda, and Alexa has just pasted in the linings on some slippers. Last Monday, the Shop went to Colonial
Williamsburg’s Archeology Lab, where we met with Tamara Eichelberger. The purpose of the visit was to go
over the shoes found at the Custis Well, which Tamara is currently researching. The shoes from the Custis
Well were found during previous digs at the site and are being reexamined as part of the current Custis Square
Project. Below are some pictures taken on our visit. We shared drawings that our Shop has taken of the
Custis well shoes and went over shoemaking in general and gave our thoughts regarding the discovered shoe
remnants. Some of the shoes showed evidence of repair and leather offcuts have been found. There is the
possibility that some shoe repair may have been done on the site, perhaps by the enslaved. We enjoyed the
visit, and with Tamara’s knowledge, left with a better understanding of the Custis site. We also made a quick
trip to Collections, where we were able to look at one of Colonial Williamsburg’s most recent acquisitions, the
famous black pearl of the Borgias.
The Shoemakers will be at the Armoury on Wednesday through Saturday.
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�Schematic of Custis well shoe fragments by Rob.
Tamara, Nicole, and Rob discussing the Custis Well finds.
Remnants of a girl’s shoe found at the Custis site.
Tailor – The Tailors can now be found 9am-5pm at the Weavers’ Shop on Sundays and Mondays, and
10am-5pm at the Museum on Wednesdays. This past week, Apprentice Tim finished a pair of trousers and an
under jacket for one of the Actor Interpreters. Journeyman Mike and Master Mark interviewed applicants for
their summer Intern position. The successful candidate will start in May.
The Tailors will be in the Weaver Shop on Sunday and Monday.
Wheelwright – An exciting week at the Wheelwright Shop. Joel continues with the horse cart project.
With successful completion of the hand cart for the Carpenter Yard, Michael has advanced to level 3 in his
apprenticeship! Level 3 involves design and construction of his first pair of wheels. Come by and congratulate
Michael on his accomplishment!
The Wheelwrights will be at the Armoury on Sunday, Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
Wigmaker – Mr. Wythe has tried on his new wig, and it is nearly ready to be worn on the street! Alexa and
Madeline, our student volunteer from William & Mary, have completed weaving the middle rows for the
Marquis's new wig. We have begun caul (base) construction and hope to have that completed within the next
few weeks. Edith continues to work on her Lady's Bun while at the Gallery on Thursdays and is in the process
of lacing the outline tape. Lacing is a series of stitches to anchor the outline tape in place so we can remove
the small nails currently holding the twill tape. As we enter the busier... and warmer!... seasons, we will
continue to see our maintenance work increase as well, but we're happy to report that we've selected our
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 7, Issue 3
�Summer Intern and look forward to working with them starting in June. As always, feel free to request a wig
or hairpiece through your supervisor.
The Wigmakers will be at the Raleigh Tavern on Sunday and the Art Museum Gallery on Thursday.
* Photos are of the woven hair and the beginning of the outline process.
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a publication of the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades & Skills.
Editor: Shari Monaco
Contributors: Apothecary – Robin Kipps, Armoury - Alex Hinman (Blacksmith) and Steve Delisle
(Tinsmith), Anthony Hay Shop – John Peeler (Cabinetmaker) and Melanie Belongia (Harpsichord-maker),
Brickmaker – Nicholas White, Carpenter – Garland Wood, Colonial Garden – Eve Otmar, Engraver – Lynn
Zelesnikar, Foodways – Megan Sirak, Foundry – Mike Noftsger, Gunsmith – Darrin McDonal, Historic
Farming – Ed Schultz, Joinery – Peter Hudson, Milliner and Mantua-maker – Rebecca Starkins, Music – Karol
Steadman, Printer and Bindery – Peter Stinely (Printing Office) and Barbara Swanson (Bookbindery),
Shoemaker – Val Povinelli, Tailor – Michael McCarty, Wheelwright – Paul Zelesnikar, Wigmaker – Debbie
Turpin
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 7, Issue 3
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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The Mechanick's Adviser
Description
An account of the resource
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a weekly newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades and Skills beginning in September 2015 and continuing to the present. The word “mechanick” is an alternative spelling of “mechanic” and is used here in the more archaic sense meaning a skilled tradesperson or artisan. Some weeks the newsletter was not produced and there is a significant months-long gap in the 2020 newsletters reflecting the pandemic-related limitations and closures of the department. The newsletter relates employee news and the current work projects and research of the various trades’ shops belonging to the department as well as other groups described as “skills” including military, music, and dance programs.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-
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The Mechanick's Adviser. Volume 7, number 3, April, 2, 2021
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades and Skills
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Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
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2021-04-02
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“THE MECHANICK’S ADVISER”
December 23, 2020
Apothecary – “Sharon recently finished transcribing one of the ledgers for our site. One
entry was particularly interesting: In 1790, there is a reference to a Negro doctor. This is
the first reference of this type in our site records.
Robin did a short, filmed segment on our domestic medicine chest for the Woodworker’s
Conference.
Mark found some interesting information that we wanted to share: The 1931 book Medicine
in Virginia In the Eighteenth Century, by Wyndam Blanton, states on page 396 that there
was a 1748 law that required slave owners to care for sick slaves and servants.
Mark looked up the law. There is indeed a law in the chapter entitled ‘An Act Concerning,
Servants, and Slaves.’ It is clear that this law applies to servants. It does not require slave
owners to provide for sick slaves. We want to thank Cathy Hellier for taking time to look
at this law, as well. She also concluded that this law refers only to servants, not slaves. In
addition, we appreciate that she shared some definitions of 18th-century legal terms."
Armoury:
Blacksmith – “Much merriment abounds in the Anderson Blacksmith Shop. The
Blacksmiths have been exceptionally naughty this year and are in hopes of ample coal to
fire the forge. Ken has been spreading cheer with holiday holdfasts and repairs to a cart
axle. Mark's been stuffing stockings with pins for that same axle, and edged tools like
hatchets and knives. Aislinn's come down the chimney bearing dividers and calipers, as
well as a leather stamp. ‘Hoe, hoe, hoe!’ says Alex, as broad hoes and garden hoes take
shape. Broadus has been elf-like in his industriousness, reforging a hammer and making
thumb latches and punches. Owen's hook and eye latches can help keep out the winter chill.
The presents are pleasant at the foot of the anvil.”
Cabinetmaker – “The Cabinet Shop is as busy as always, even though we are taking more
scheduled days to work and research from home these days. Bill is rounding the corner on
his table, building up the parts that will allow the top to ratchet up, and just got in an order
of hardware. John has continued to add elements to the apothecary chest case he is
working on and has had time to drop back to working on his sideboard table from earlier in
the year, refining the shape of the knees and adding in pins to the joints to further secure
the table. Jeremy has spent hours at the bench working on the drawers for the apothecary
chest, which are at a small-enough dimension that he has had to rethink the traditional
steps to dovetailing and cutting joints. Ed and Melanie have started to work on the pieces
of the spinet that border the keyboard when it is installed. These pieces can be frustrating
as the decoration on them is meticulous but can also lead to distortion of the material when
the humidity changes with the seasons. Everything looks good now, but we’ll see how it goes
when the spring showers come in! Finally, we in the Cabinet Shop wish you all Merry
Christmas for this difficult and trying year, and Happy Holidays as we move forward into
2021.”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 32
�Colonial Garden – “When it hasn’t been raining, the Gardeners have been busily turning the
compost pile, cleaning the cistern near the well, and weeding the pathways. Fifteen heads
of lettuce and a number of scarlet horn and rose radishes have been harvested and sent to
the Williamsburg Inn to be used by Chef Matthias. The Garden bed where we had the
radishes has been weeded, turned, and chopped, and is now home to three double rows of
broad beans (Vicia faba). Modernly, in the United States, these are more commonly known
as fava beans. They are some of the oldest cultivated plants known in Old World
agriculture and were sown in both gardens and fields for use as food and as a cover crop.
Fava beans are very hardy plants and can withstand the cold very well. They are the very
last thing we sow in the ground this time of year, and they are some of the largest seeds we
have. Don’t expect to see them until February or March though, as they remain
underground for quite a while.”
Three double rows of Fava Beans
A handful of the Fava Bean seeds
Radishes fresh from the Garden to be pickled: China Rose on the left and Long Scarlet radish on the right.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 32
�Foundry – “We cast four lead cakes for the Tin Shop, six Brickyard tools, brass hardware of
a hat tool for the Tailors, and a large key for Night Programs.”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 32
�Historic Farming – “Ed continues to process flax at Prentis Field. Though there were
bounties at times to encourage the production of flax, the majority of 18th-century planters
chose to buy cloth with the income derived from tobacco. All this changes dramatically
when the Revolution curtails imports. The result is flax, cotton, and wool production
increases. Shown below are the first couple of stages of flax processing.”
Photo by Susan McCall
Flax has pretty blue flowers while growing. Planted in March, it is pulled in June when the
stalk is 2/3rds yellow and the seed head is formed.
Photo by Susan McCall
The flax is retted (rotted) in a trough for about a week until the inside pith will break.
An audible cracking sound can be heard when bending the stalks.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 32
�Public Leather Works – “The Agents of Leather wish to correct an oversite and make
mention of another member of our team. Behind every great field agent is a network of
control agents providing material and technical support, creating passports and false paper
trails. No mission is a success without them. The Agents of Leather send a big shout out to
our support agent, codename, ‘Rom Tedd’.”
Shoemaker – “The Shoemakers’ first few Saturdays at the Raleigh Tavern have gone well.
We particularly like how much natural light we have in that space.
We’ve been busy working on new orders and repairs behind the scenes. Val is finishing up a
pair of shoes for Daniel Cross and keeping the Shop caught up on repairs. Rob is making a
pair of common shoes for Amanda Doggett and finally replacing his own five-year-old
blown-out pair. Nicole is working on a pair of shop slippers for Barbie Swanson and
common shoes for Brendon Mooney. Alexa is finishing a pair of common shoes for Megan
Cantwell. She has also been enjoying the opportunity to work with the Wigmakers,
Milliners, and Weavers.
Our shoe maintenance tip for this week is:
Cleaning and Conditioning
Cleaning and conditioning your shoes will improve their longevity and overall appearance.
Use a brush to remove dirt and grime from the shoes, particularly around the exposed
stitching on the welt. Shoe brushes are still available at modern stores, but other soft
brushes will do the trick. If you have time to stop by the Shoe Shop, we have brushes you
can use. In the 18th century, shoes were conditioned with Black Ball – a tallow, wax, and
pigment mixture that slicks down scuffed up leather, returns the fashionable black gloss,
and moisturizes the leather. While we plan to make another batch of black ball this winter,
the modern polish you can pick up at the CDC works nicely. In the 18th century, the
aesthetic goal was a rich gloss rather than a mirror shine. Apply the blacking with a rag
or a brush (but not the brush you clean the shoes with) and rub it into the leather. If your
shoes are the natural russet color, you can use the clear/neutral shoe cream from CDC. The
more frequently you clean and condition your shoes the better, but we definitely suggest
taking the time after a rainy day. If you’ve been out of costume recently and you notice a
bit of mold on your leather shoes, use diluted white vinegar to wipe the shoes clean. The
vinegar will kill the mold spores without spreading them or damaging the leather. Let them
dry in a sunny spot (not near a fire or modern heater). A quick clean and polish for your
buckles will enhance the overall appearance of your shoes, as well.”
Silversmith – “The third week of December was primarily focused on continuing our
respective projects, as well as getting some of our regular line of small work replenished for
the retail shops. Interpretation continues on Mondays and Wednesdays at the Raleigh
Tavern and the Art Museum.”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 32
�Tailor – “The reconstruction of the Blair suit has returned from exhibition in Alberta,
Canada! The suit can be seen on Mondays and Tuesdays with the Tailors in the Lower
Galleries at the Museum. John Blair’s coat in the CW Collection is the only coat known to
have been worn in Williamsburg that survives from the 18th century.”
Weaver – “We have had yet another successful day of dyeing, but it will be our last one for
a while. As winter officially sets in, early mornings find ice in the dye pots and rinse
buckets, not to mention firewood that is thoroughly unwilling to burn. Since our dyes
require specific temperatures and chemical reactions to achieve certain desired colors, these
short winter days and cold winter nights will drive us inside until we find warm weather
again.
Thankfully, this final Dye Day was a resounding success! Our copper kettles included
indigo for blue, fustic for yellow, and a combination of brazilwood and cochineal for reds.
Our handspun Leicester Longwool soaked in the dye to give us some aggressive colors to
brighten up the day, and the dyes themselves lasted long enough to overdye some pale
fabrics a richer blue. Everything has already been thoroughly washed to make sure the
colors are set and will not run, and we are happy with our results.
Now that we are hiding from the frosty mornings inside, we hope to turn out plenty of
handspun yarn to replenish our reserves and make sure we have plenty for our next Dye
Day in the spring. Stop by and you may even see some new projects on the looms before
you read about them here. Happy Holidays!”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 32
�Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 32
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Mechanick's Adviser
Description
An account of the resource
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a weekly newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades and Skills beginning in September 2015 and continuing to the present. The word “mechanick” is an alternative spelling of “mechanic” and is used here in the more archaic sense meaning a skilled tradesperson or artisan. Some weeks the newsletter was not produced and there is a significant months-long gap in the 2020 newsletters reflecting the pandemic-related limitations and closures of the department. The newsletter relates employee news and the current work projects and research of the various trades’ shops belonging to the department as well as other groups described as “skills” including military, music, and dance programs.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-
Dublin Core
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Title
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The Mechanick's Adviser. Volume 6, number 32, December 23, 2020
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades and Skills
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-12-23
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“THE MECHANICK’S ADVISER”
December 11, 2020
Apothecary – “This week, the Apothecary did their first Livestream on-site. We want to
thank the Joiners for helping us out at the Raleigh Tavern so both Sharon and Robin could
participate.”
Armoury:
Blacksmith – “The Blacksmiths continue going strong. Though they miss many of their
fellow Tradesmen who came onto the Armoury site in summer, they are still there for
guests to see every day of the week. This week, Ken has been involved in quite a range of
work: repairing a clock jack from the Randolph Kitchen with the aid of Journeyman
Wheelwright Paul, who gave the pulley system the splice of life and brought it back into use.
He's also been making holdfasts for some of the woodworkers and added some extra
material to the axle of a cart the Wheelwrights are building, extending its length by about
two inches. Elsewhere in the Shop, Aislinn has been making buckles and a leather stamp for
the Artificers and continuing her work on the rack-wing calipers. Owen has finished
attaching handles to a tub made by the Coopers and resumed work on his pot handles.
Broadus has been forging up a second trammel and filing up his thumb latches, and Alex
has been working on farming hoes, finishing up his forks, and making some staples for
building projects in town. Alex also had the opportunity to talk at length with Historic
Farmer Ed about hoes and their use, further improving his forgings. As always, all's well
that falls well at the foot of the anvil.”
Brickyard – “This week, the Brickmakers started prepping for our series of presentations at
the Hennage this winter. That meant photographing a lot of brick minutiae! We also kept
pulling down the kiln, although the sleety weather earlier in the week called that off for a
bit. With our distillation tube from the Tinsmiths, we made some more tar with the hope of
capturing turpentine, too. We’ve learned a lot so far, and a few tweaks ought to get us
there soon. Thanks to Steve at the Tinsmiths for fashioning us our nifty copper tube!”
Cabinetmaker – “In the Cabinet Shop, the Harpsichord Makers have been making steady
progress with the new spinet. In particular, the veneer decoration is starting to come
together. In the period, we could’ve bought much of the decoration already prepared. For
us today, we have to make all of the materials and then apply them.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�For the small bentside cheek, materials were cut and then laid out. Using hide glue, the
veneer decoration could then be glued to a backing material used to add thickness to the
cheek wall. The decoration goes on in steps which makes the whole process go quickly and
smoothly.
We have been fortunate to visit with the original Cawton Aston instrument in Collections
on several occasions to study the décor. (Thank you, Amanda Keller!) For comparison,
below is the original cheek décor and instrument and our 2020 version side by side. Stay
tuned for the rest of the keyboard cheeks and nameboard decorations, which are coming
soon.”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�Colonial Garden – “This week brought very chilly temperatures and even a few snowflakes
to the Colonial Garden. Starting a large fire in the mornings has become a daily chore so
that we have a place to warm our hands while working. The Gardeners are always
thinking at least one season ahead; and this week, we placed orders with several seed
merchants for next season's Garden and planted our tulip bulbs in pots for the spring. The
Coopers have completed a set of wooden tubs for our larger citrus and holly trees, and we
picked up the tubs and brought them to the Garden. Our previous pair of wooden tubs were
completely rotted and reached the end of their useable life this summer. Thank you to the
Coopers and to the Blacksmiths, who installed the metal handles. We couldn't be happier
with the results, and now they are awaiting a coat of paint.”
Tulips bulbs planted in pots.
They will overwinter here and then be placed around the Garden as they bloom in the springtime.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�Frost on the outside of the bell glasses protecting our lettuce
Admiring our new citrus tubs from the Coopers
Cooper – The Coopers recently completed two tubs for the Colonial Gardens that will be used
as planters, with an assist from the Blacksmiths in attaching the handles. We are also
honored to have received the award for best decoration in the Trades category in this year's
contest.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�Engraver – “Things have been hectic in the Engraving Shop as a multitude of projects and
events are all converging at once, but we have managed to steady on. Lynn, working on
the fan project, has finished the second plate, which will be used to print the back paper of
the fan. She has also completed some smaller orders that had been building up, and in
between those has been working on the necessary paperwork and management
requirements for registering William as an apprentice with the Virginia Department of
Labor and Industry. Due to its former focus on modern production as opposed to
interpretation, the Engraving Apprenticeship is considered a Registered Apprenticeship
with the DOLI, and Lynn has been working on altering the requirements of the
apprenticeship in order to maintain that status while incorporating the new interpretive
aspects. William, meanwhile, has been plugging along down the list of required drawings,
as well as digging deeper into several research projects (William Waddill, Hans Holbein the
Younger, and Admiral Lord George Anson, to name a few.) He has also been expanding his
tool collection by setting up a few new gravers and acquiring a new oil dish and some oil of
wintergreen, a traditional cutting lubricant with the added benefit of an invigorating
aroma. The Shop has also been preparing for our upcoming #TradesTuesday livestream on
December 15th and assisting our woodworking colleagues with a short segment on workholding as part of a presentation for the upcoming Woodworking Conference.”
Gunsmith – “The Gunsmiths have transitioned to filing lately. Lots of filing. Probably the
main tool of the Gunsmith, the file. Since it's been pretty chilly outside in the Smith Shop,
it’s good to have pieces to file on indoors. Darrin is shaping the two top jaw screws for his
pistol locks, and Brad is working on a few lock plates. Filing the rough surfaces left from
forging and getting the inside surfaces dead flat.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�Historic Farming – “Ed is processing flax for the Weavers. The pulled plant is retted
(rotted) in the early fall and broken and hackled to produce the fine ‘line flax’ shown
below.”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�Military Programs – “This week, Josh has continued with his work on the 80th King's
colour, adding in the regimental ornamentation based on the research we have found. Ian
traveled to Gloucester to photograph an officers' trunk plate dug in 2018, as well as a few
French regimental buttons found in the same site, and an English gun flint. Very soon,
Military Programs will be adding programming in the Art Museum two to three days a
week, at the ‘To Arm Against an Enemy’ exhibit on the bottom floor.”
Milliner and Mantua-maker – “We're now officially half-way through our wedding gown
program, and progress has been steady and on-schedule thus far. Last Saturday, we cut
and prepped the fronts of the gown, finished the sleeves and stomacher, and nearly
completed the petticoat (just the waistband to go!). This week, Brooklyn has been tirelessly
pinking yet more yards and yards of gown trim. This should be the last of it, so her hands and our ears! - will finally get some rest. We'll begin arranging and attaching it all during
this week's installment of the program on Saturday.
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�“All of the various millinery pieces that complete the “half-dress” outfit in our source
portrait are also coming along quite nicely. Rebecca cut and stitched the figured silk cloak,
copying its measurements and piecing details from a cloak she studied last year at the
MFA in Boston. It’s lined in a very thin, semi-sheer silk and trimmed with an elaborate
netted and looped trim that we’ve been experimenting with all week. After multiple
attempts and much discussion and debate, we think we’ve finally landed on a technique and
design that mirrors the portrait’s details as closely as possible with the materials we have at
hand.
“Janea has (mercifully!) finished the excessively extravagant treble elbow ruffles,
which are long enough to reach to the lady’s fingers. There are exactly nine yards of lace in
the pair, which surprised even us when we calculated it in the end! The matching lace
‘collar’ (we have yet to determine its 18th-century name) has also been brought back to life,
in spite of our personal feelings on this one particular piece of millinery…! Brooklyn
generously modelled it to give a sense of how it will be worn. Anyone care to venture a
guess as to the number of yards of lace that went into this piece?!
That’s 4.5 yards of lace…and that’s only half of the pair!
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�The lace collar in development, modelled oh-so-elegantly by Brooklyn.
Public Leather Works – “Good afternoon, friends and neighbors. The first full week of
December is nearly in the books, and The Agents of Leather have their collective noses to
the proverbial grindstone. Apprentice Agent Andrew has completed and delivered the first
of the valises to the Tinsmiths and is well into the second. Journeyman Agent Jan is
working on his leather breeches and is still hopeful for a completion before the new year.
Master Agent Jay has been directing traffic and has found time to tie up some loose ends
regarding Operation Double Secret Probation as well as several other bench projects.
Perhaps most exciting of all, however, is the brainstorming for potential digital content.
Here are just a few of the ideas we have come up with:
•
•
•
•
•
An all-Trades song and video in the vein of the 1985 Chicago Bears ‘Superbowl Shuffle’
A series of videos discussing the pros and cons of various types of leather featuring
interviews with the animals themselves
A reality TV series combining ‘Undercover Boss’ and ‘Wife Swap’ in which Masters of
various Trades swap places with other Trades. For example: The Master of the
Weaver Shop swaps with the Master Gunsmith and each spend a week trying to learn
the other’s Trade. Or whole Shops swap for a week.
An 18th-century Spelling Bee (with no standardized spellings, no one can lose!)
‘Trades Jeopardy’: Three contestants from three different Trades compete in a trivia
contest. Hosted by Beth Kelly or Cliff Fleet.
These are just a few of the tantalizing ideas coming from the Public Leather Works. Weigh
in and let us know which of these is your favorite, and let's see if we can’t make it happen!!!
Until next week, this is the Agents of Leather signing off!”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�Shoemaker – “Our shoe maintenance tip was going to be ‘Cleaning and Conditioning’ this
week, but we’ve had some questions about repair work, so we’ll address that first:
‘When to Have Them Repaired’
Repair work is key to getting a long return from your handmade shoes. The simpler the
repair, the faster we’ll typically have them back to you. When you walk holes in the soles,
don’t wait until the hole is large to bring them in – especially if the hole is near the edge
because you might end up walking through the interior stitching, which takes longer to
repair. If the top starts to separate from the rest of the shoe, bring them in. Heels are often
the first thing to need repaired. If you’ve worn through the first layer of your heel – even if
it’s only in one spot – it’s time to bring them in. Don’t wait until there is a dramatic visible
slant to your heel. If you find that your heels are grinding down particularly quickly, we
can add hobnails or iron rims to slow down the wear. Keeping your shoes conditioned and
not leaving them by fires or heaters goes a long way towards preventing tears on the tops
of your shoes, but tears do happen so please bring them to us before those tears get bigger.
The work we do and the surfaces we walk on do a number on our shoes. Being proactive
with bringing in your shoes for minor repairs saves us time in the long run, so we can
continue to make new pairs. When in doubt about needing repairs, just ask us, and we’ll be
happy to take a look. Eventually, your shoes will get to the point that they aren’t worth
repairing anymore. The sooner we know, the sooner you’re on our list to get a replacement
pair.
Just a reminder, if your shoes need to be fixed this winter/spring, drop them off at the Shoe
Office (Greenhow Brick Office basement). They don’t need to go through CDC at this time if
they’ve already been issued to you. Please tie them together and put a label with your
name and contact information inside the shoes.
Here is an example of an extreme repair that our Shop just finished:
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�Silversmith – “This second week of December has been focused on the re-arrangement of
workspaces within the Golden Ball Kitchen as Master George has turned carpenter,
preparing and building a modified workstation to better accommodate the Shop’s changing
needs in response to Covid-19 safety precautions.
Interpretation continues on Mondays at the Raleigh Tavern and Wednesdays at the Art
Museum. Journeyman Chris has continued work on her small teapot while Journeyman
Bobbie recently finished the top rim and feet for her salt cellar. Apprentice Parker has
been laying out the gridwork for piercing a punch strainer.”
Tailor – “Work began this week on a fine suit for a fine gentleman. The customer is thrilled
that he will soon have a suit made by CW Tailors. Journeyman Michael finished a pair of
trousers and a waistcoat that will make their way to the Museum for exhibition.
Apprentice Tim finished a wool flannel under-waistcoat that will certainly keep its wearer
toasty warm this winter.”
Weaver – “As the Weavers are pushing forward on both our looms in front of the public,
behind the scenes, we are already deep in preparations for our next projects. Long before
the first shuttle has ever been thrown, a Weaver will have already planned out every last
aspect of a project so that there will be no unpleasant surprises. The length and width of
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�the warp needs to be predetermined, and the calculations need to be done before yarn can
be wound onto tubes that will eventually be put through our warping mill and become the
warp itself. Any color variation such as you may find in a stipe or chech design are
preprogrammed in this step. Once all the warp yarns have been wound around the back
beam and placed on the loom, each individual yarn is pulled through a heddle to determine
any texture or design that may be woven into a finished textile. The density of the project
is locked in by the size reed the yarns are sleyed through, determining your thread count,
or more accurately, your ends per inch. The Weavers call this the EPI. All of the
mathematical calculations, planning, troubleshooting, and yarn ordering has to be done
ahead of time. Next time you are in the Shop and see one of us behind the loom weaving,
there is a pretty good bet that our minds are miles away! A Weaver is always preparing
for the next project.”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 31
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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The Mechanick's Adviser
Description
An account of the resource
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a weekly newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades and Skills beginning in September 2015 and continuing to the present. The word “mechanick” is an alternative spelling of “mechanic” and is used here in the more archaic sense meaning a skilled tradesperson or artisan. Some weeks the newsletter was not produced and there is a significant months-long gap in the 2020 newsletters reflecting the pandemic-related limitations and closures of the department. The newsletter relates employee news and the current work projects and research of the various trades’ shops belonging to the department as well as other groups described as “skills” including military, music, and dance programs.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-
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The Mechanick's Adviser. Volume 6, number 31, December 11, 2020
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades and Skills
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-12-11
-
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Text
“THE MECHANICK’S ADVISER”
December 4, 2020
Apothecary – “This past Tuesday was our first day at the Raleigh Tavern. We had just
over ninety people stop and visit with us. We thought that was very good as the weather
was cold and windy, and we did not see that many guests on the street.
“Sharon found an interesting entry in our site records relating to veterinary
medicine. Guests ask if 18th-century apothecaries treated animals. On May 9, 1797, there is
an entry for selling a medicine for a horse. The medicine listed was normally prescribed for
humans. To date, this is the only reference of this type that she has found in our records.
“On May 15, 1784, there is an entry that Matthew Anderson paid part of his bill with
two trusses. The value was £1. Ken Schwarz affirmed that Matthew Anderson was the
head of the Public Leatherworks during the Revolution. His brother was James Anderson.
This is helpful as we have been searching for documentation on where items such as this
were sourced. We now have one pre-war and one post-war piece of documentation.
“Mark has been diligently working on an article for modern medical professionals
and those specializing in the history of pharmacy. This is part of his career track and was
written before the need for blogs became apparent. He recently had a blog posted as well.
Take a few minutes to see it. Robin has been working on details for our first livestream at
the Shop. It will be aired this next week on Tuesday at 2:00 pm.
“We are also attaching some pictures for those of you interested in woodworking,
delft, furniture, or art. The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam has a beautiful cabinet that dates
to 1730 and contains a replica of a miniature apothecary. It is believed to have been made
in Amsterdam, which had a prestigious reputation for cabinetmaking in the 18th century.
The cabinet contains 198 miniature glass jars and bottles, 92 delft containers that were
made in the same manner as the full-size jars, 30 drawers, 16 boxes, 22 barrels and pots, 10
earthenware flasks, secret drawers, a secret compartment, and at least 3 paintings from the
17th century. There are numerous drawers with dozens of materials that were used in
compounding. It also features a Latin motto for apothecaries that translates: ‘Devotion,
knowledge, patience, vigilance, and continual study are the virtues of the apothecary.’
Maybe we should post that somewhere. If anyone has a benefactor that can send you to
Amsterdam after the pandemic, the Rijksmuseum might be worth your time to visit. They
have other collector’s cabinets and at least one that features a doll house. In the meantime,
our Library is purchasing a copy of the book that details the history and contents of the
cabinet. Ask for: ‘Van Duin, Paul ed. The Collector’s Cabinet with Miniature Apothecary’s
Shop. Lenoirschuring: Amsterdam, 2017.’ Our apologies that this was published three years
ago, and we are just now mentioning it, but we just found out about it in one of our
pharmacy history journals.”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�Armoury:
Blacksmith – “The Blacksmith Shop is alight this week, with fire and hammers and things
that squeak. The Christmas wreath is hung on the door so all may notice and adore;
wooden smiths trade blow for blow, forging out a tiny hoe. Mark carved the figures and
machine. Aislinn assembled it neat and clean. Broadus knocked the hoe to shape, and Alex
brought holly to drape. Many thanks to the Shoemaker, valiant Val, who grabbed a wreath
for our locale. Other projects took shape elsewhere: Mark, Broadus, and Alex too, replaced
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�the tuyere with one quite new. For those that might not be aware, the tuyere is the nozzle
conveying air. Fires erode it degrees, eventually it starts to wheeze. If your fire will not
behave: the tuyere may be on the way to the grave. Ken’s hinges are in the books. Mark
finished knives for cooks. Aislinn’s brick hammers are polished and ground. Owen’s rivets
are nice and round. Alex tackles a broad hoe. Broadus has latches out to show. Whatever
the reason, every season: all’s well that falls well at the foot of the anvil.”
Brickyard – “The kiln has cooled off enough to the point that the Brickmakers were able to
start pulling down the outer casing. We’ve exposed some underfired salmon bricks, which is
normal. We’ve yet to get into the red stuff nearer the center. Kenneth’s experimental
rubbing bricks survived unscathed, and we’ve already learned a thing or two about how to
improve them next time. We’ve also got some really fine brick dust if anyone’s looking for
some to polish up metal.”
Cabinetmaker – “This past week, Bill has made major headway with his table build. The
turned elements of the legs are now glued to the joined parts, which are slowly starting to
coalesce into a table shape. John continues to work on the case of the apothecary chest and
has started to plan the presentation he will give with Jeremy about the chest. Jeremy
continues to craft the drawers for the chest - small work but needing much concentration.
This year, we are taking advantage of the digital medium of our annual ‘Working Wood
Conference’ to record and photograph our process, to better demonstrate the topics each
piece has to offer. Ed and Melanie have gotten major elements of their spinet together
recently, including gluing the jack rail to the wrest plank, and installing the assembly to the
case of the instrument. More parts will continue to be fitted, and soon the task of sawing
and installing the keyboard will be upon them.”
Colonial Garden – “This week, the Gardeners completed the job of turning the first compost
pile, a job best saved for the cooler time of year. This new pile will become the potting soil
that is used next season to cap off our composting manure in the hotbeds, pot up tulips,
tuberoses, and anything that we desire to show off in a flowerpot. A second pile awaits to
be turned that contains materials that need another year to compost and break down. All
this turning makes space for another pile that we will begin to build over the winter and
next year. Our compost piles are made up of leaves, straw, hay, manure from Coach &
Livestock, and any Garden debris that is not a noxious weed, etc. This activity attracts
birds that come to feed on the copious amounts of earthworms that are unearthed.
The turning of the compost pile
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�The front fence of the Garden was festooned with pine roping, and the first wreath of this
festive season was hung on our storage shed. We wait in anticipation for the second wreath
that will hang on the tool shed as it is promised to be a fine creation emanating from the
hands of the Apprentice Gardeners.
Teal hangs her wreath that she decorated.
Warmer than usual temperatures were pushed out by a downpour on Friday. A powerful
cold front cooled the air following a mighty rain. The downpour caught many off guard.
Our Volunteer, Chip, retreated to a dry and socially distanced tool shed during the deluge.
Huge puddles were left in the wake of the storm.
Chip peeking out to see if he can cross the river
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�The calm after the storm
Our major occupation continues to be weeding and tidying up. We planted the last of our
flowers to replace the ones that a rabbit consumed overnight. Netting has now become a
necessity to keep any kind of Garden."
Foundry – “We are casting brass hardware for a tool for the Tailors, and we are continuing
to work on harpsichord hinges and Brickyard tools.”
Historic Farming – “Prentis Field has been plowed using Eli the Horse. It will be plowed
again so that guests can see this interesting process. The Wheelwrights have moved into the
front part of the Ludwell-Paradise Stable, and Farming’s equipment is now in the back of
the building. Ed can use the area up front when the Wheelwrights are not working there,
but most of his work is outdoors in the Field.”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�Milliner and Mantua-maker – “The Milliners and Mantua-makers offer their most sincere
apologies for their absence from this publication over the past few weeks. We have been
most industriously engaged in a variety of projects, many of which you have already
glimpsed through the reporting of some of the Trades with whom we have partnered for
them!
“The week prior to Thanksgiving, we were preparing the wardrobe for a new
‘dressing’ video that was filmed the Tuesday before last. With the assistance of the
indominable team that brought us the wildly popular gentleman's dressing video - Mike
McCarty and Justin Chapman - we created a lady's companion version that showcased the
pieces that contribute to an everyday ‘middling’ woman's fashionable ensemble. A shift and
silk quilted petticoat were altered to fit our taller model, Brooklyn. Rebecca supplied a new
cloak and a gown cut for her, and Janea covered and trimmed a new hat. We'd especially
like to thank Apprentice Wigmaker Edith for creating the beautiful hairstyle that
completed the look!
“Our wedding gown program at the Museum is now in full swing! Progress has been
steady and satisfying! On our first Saturday, we completed the back of the sack gown, the
stomacher (with covered buttons), half of the sleeves, and much of the petticoat. Rebecca
also finished cutting the gown lining from the ‘pattern’ gown, so that this Saturday can be
devoted to cutting and finishing the front of the gown bodice and skirts. On our nonMuseum days, we've been working on all of the millinery for the outfit, including the treble
lace elbow ruffles, the figured silk cloak, and the elaborate lace ‘collar.’ We caught a teaser
of the hairstyle the Wigmakers have conjured as well. It's thrilling to see the entire portrait
coming together. If you're in the area of the Museum, please do stop by to see our progress
and compare it with the ‘source’ portrait, which the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts has
generously permitted us to have reproduced to the original size to display while we work.
Stay tuned for pictures next week!”
Printer and Bookbinder – “Good day to one and all! And now, a brief introduction to the
Bookbindery Wreath, 2020 Edition!
We are proud of the many hands which created this display. This year was all-hands-ondeck to include the staff of both the Printing Office and Bookbindery, with special guest star
Felicity Meza-Luna of the Library rounding out the team. Thank you to everyone!!
William Hunter, Jr., son of William Hunter, Sr., followed in his father’s footsteps and
became a Printer of the Virginia Gazette. He worked alongside John Dixon in a thriving
business on the spot where we now work. He hid his Loyalism throughout most of the war,
and served in the Continental Army, before fighting for Cornwallis at the Battle of
Yorktown in 1781. We chose to honor his decision to fight for his convictions, alongside
many other Virginians, by proudly displaying King George III and his wife, Charlotte,
surrounded by a colonial version of Tudor Roses.
They are overseeing a sampling of authors and writers throughout the lands they ruled,
men and women both, black and white, free and enslaved, and Native American. We have
included one book with the title, Anonymous. We dedicate this book to a great multitude of
people who could have and should have been writers and authors themselves, had they been
born into a different time, or monetary circumstances, or had a different skin color.
The authors we chose to highlight on our little books are as follows:
Benjamin Banneker: Free African American Almanac author, surveyor, landowner,
and farmer
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�Aphra Behn: Playwright, poet, translator, and fiction writer
Olaudoh Equino: English-Nigerian writer and abolitionist, who purchased his
freedom.
Hannah Glasse: English cookery writer, wrote the best-selling cookbook of the 18thcentury, The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy
Samson Occam: Presbyterian cleric, Author, and member of the Mohegan Nation in
Connecticut
Catherine Parr: Author, and wife of Henry VIII
Joseph Plumb Martin: Soldier of the Revolutionary War who wrote his memoirs
Susanna Rowson: British-American novelist, poet, playwright, religious writer, stage
actress, educator, first woman geographer, supporter of female education, wrote
against slavery
Ignatius Sancho: Born into enslavement, Ignatius became the first black man to vote
in a British election. He was a writer of essays, an author, an abolitionist, and a
composer.
Phillis Wheatley: Enslaved African American female poet, who later became free.
Mary Wollstonecraft: English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women’s rights
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�These remarkable people will remain on my mind as I research their lives, read their works,
and really seek to hear what they have to teach me.
Finally, good day to you all, and Happy Holidays from the Printing Office and
Bookbindery!”
Public Leather Works – “December. The home stretch of 2020 is upon us and The Agents of
Leather are embracing the final weeks of the year with an unrivaled enthusiasm. Having
emerged from the traditional turkey coma of last week, the Agents have thrown themselves
into several new projects. Apprentice Agent Andrew has almost completed the first of the
valises for the Tin Shop and will soon have the second underway. He also greets you all
with his usual enthusiasm. Journeyman Agent Jan has completed the patterning of his
leather breeches and is now underway with the construction. Barring unforeseen
circumstances, the goal is to have them finished before Christmas. Master Agent Jay is
working on a run of pocketbooks and overseeing the controlled chaos that is The Public
Leather Works. In addition to their various bench work, the Agents are also brainstorming
ideas for future digital content as well as opportunities for virtual programming and
distance education.
“Finally, we at the Public Leather Works would ask that you all take a moment on
Monday, December 7th to remember the men and women who died during the attack on
Pearl Harbor.”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�Shoemaker – “After six months in the Armoury, the Shoemakers have returned to our little
Shop. We’d like to thank the Armoury staff for sharing their space with us, and we look
forward to returning in the spring. We’d also like to thank Paul for replacing the broken
leg on the shoe bench we’ll be using at the Raleigh!
“We’ll be interpreting to the public inside the Raleigh Tavern on Saturdays, but we
have plenty of projects to keep us busy behind the scenes. There are currently fourteen
people on our list to get new shoes, slippers, and boots. If you have handmade shoes that
need to be repaired, you can drop them off at the Shoe Shop office (basement of the
Greenhow Brick Office) Tuesday-Saturday. Please tie them together and put a piece of
paper inside with your name and contact information.
“Since several of our colleagues will be receiving their first pair of handmade shoes
this winter, we thought we’d share a few tips for caring for your shoes in the upcoming
‘Mechanick’s Advisers.’
Breaking in your new shoes: The bark tanned leather we use typically breaks in
within a day just by wearing and sweating into them. However, since our feet don’t
sweat nearly as much in the winter, the break-in process will take a bit longer. If you
wish to speed up that process, we suggest taking a walk in the rain, or pouring a
small amount of water in each shoe and swish it around before putting them on and
going on a walk. DON’T dry your shoes next to a fire or modern heat source! This
can cause the leather to dry out and crack. Instead, stuff them with rags or
newspaper and let them dry slowly. While it doesn’t take too long for the shoes to be
broken in, sometimes it’s our feet that need a little time to adjust to leather shoes.
This is especially true if the wearer tends to wear cushy or padded shoes, or lots of
memory foam in their modern shoes. Those modern materials weaken our foot
muscles over time because they can prevent the muscles from getting the exercise
they need to build and maintain strength. Real leather shoes aren’t cushy, but they
conform to the wearer’s foot making them very comfortable and healthy for our feet.
Next edition we’ll talk about cleaning and conditioning your shoes.
Our Shop wreath, ’The Shoemaker and the Elves,’ depicts the traditional division of labor
employed by shoemakers. First a Clicker cuts out the parts, then a Closer sews the uppers.
The shoemaker builds the shoe around a wooden last, and a Ragger does the cleaning and
finishing work. As in the fairy tale, our elf is making the shoe. He’s wearing a shoemaker’s
apron and a hand leather (used for pulling stitches tight). He has a stirrup strap to hold the
shoe on his knee, an awl for the sewing, and shoemaker’s thread tipped with boar’s bristles.
If our guests aren’t here on Saturdays, they can at least see our trade in miniature!”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�Silversmith – “Winter has arrived, and the Silversmiths opened up their first interpretation
to the public in the new Trades space at the Raleigh Tavern. Our first day was on Monday
the 30th of November, and it was a success. While the post-Thanksgiving Day attendance
was customarily slow, we still had enough guests to gauge a successful implementation of
our new interpretive mode.
“Work continues at the Golden Ball Building and Kitchen. Journeyman Chris and
Apprentice Parker continue exhibiting chasing and repousseé at the Art Museum on
Wednesdays, featuring the creation of new bottle tags based on examples from the
Museum’s Collection, as well as a small tumbler in the model of the infamous Jefferson Cups
at Monticello, chased with an acanthus leaf motif at the base. Meanwhile, the new chasing
and enameling workspace in the Golden Ball Kitchen continues to take shape.”
The Trades space in the Raleigh Tavern – the Trade shown is the Tinsmith.
Weaver – “We have just finished both runs of sampling on our student looms behind the
scenes. This sampling has been very informative for our future overshot project! We hope
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�to have the overshot project on our counterbalance loom within just a few short weeks, so
you should be able to see it if you come to visit the Shop soon. As for our sampling fabric
itself, we have begun sewing them into ornaments that you should shortly see down at the
Prentis Store and in our own Shop.”
Wheelwright – “The Wheelwrights have moved! Please visit us at the Ludwell-Paradise
Stable on Nicholson Street, Sunday through Wednesday.”
Department of Historic Trades and Skills
Volume 6, Issue 30
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Mechanick's Adviser
Description
An account of the resource
The Mechanick’s Adviser is a weekly newsletter produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Historic Trades and Skills beginning in September 2015 and continuing to the present. The word “mechanick” is an alternative spelling of “mechanic” and is used here in the more archaic sense meaning a skilled tradesperson or artisan. Some weeks the newsletter was not produced and there is a significant months-long gap in the 2020 newsletters reflecting the pandemic-related limitations and closures of the department. The newsletter relates employee news and the current work projects and research of the various trades’ shops belonging to the department as well as other groups described as “skills” including military, music, and dance programs.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Mechanick's Adviser. Volume 6, number 30, December 4, 2020
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades and Skills
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-12-04
-
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Text
The Colo
Colonial
Williamsburg
Animal News
Volume I, No. 4
July 1988
BARN CATS ON MOUSE PATROL
ti!
K•
±
by Karen V. Smith
When entering the barn you may feel something brush up against your leg or hear a piercing
meow. You have just been caught by the mouse
`
patrol. Ethel and Lucy are on duty 24 hours a day.
x
ODE TO A ( FINALLY)
Joy
and
rapture
has
We keep our new mouse patrol kittens in tip
top shape with the help of Dr. Meryl Lessinger,
COW
PREGNANT
D. V. M.,
staff
come over our
of Animal Clinic of Williamsburg. Dr.
Lessinger has vaccinated our patrollers for feline
For Alice, the Red Devon heifer' s in calf!
distemper which is an air- borne virus and highly
ll surely produce
A bouncing Red Devon bovinian papoose.
We' re jumping with gladness, we' re bursting
respiratory tract.
This corning
she'
winter
with pride,
contagious among cats. This virus affects the upper
Ethel and Lucy have been vaccinated for
feline leukemia( F.E. I. V.) which is another air- borne
For Alice
NEW SHEEP
on
when
and how
our
sheep from New Zealand will
has been delayed due to an animal traffic tie up
English
arrive
at the
has died!"
UPDATE
Further information
new
bunny
s"
Leicester
Canadian
solid for quite
list. We seem
problems
Station.
Quarantine
time
some
and
we
are
on
booked
the
They
are
waiting
be experiencing some of the same
visitors do when
seeking Historic Area
our
to
at
accommodations
Grand Illumination
time.
named Rod has
purchased
joined
the
1/ 2 months in training at
Curtis. Jim,
was
a
cross
CWF Stable.
spring and has
earlier this
gelding
Rod was
Fredericksburg with
Mel,
one
of
the
It is O. K. for
a
reported
than dogs because they are so agile and elusive.
Rabies can be transmitted
animal to animal as well as
animal to HUMAN. Rabid raccoons have been found
as close as New Kent County. There is a new state
law in effect as of July 1, 1988, which states that all
The last and final requirement
for the mouse
patrol was family planning. Since the job requires
who
Dr. Lessinger spayed our young cats.
We are happy to report that since Lucy and
pair. Watch for Rod
Ethel took office, not a single mouse has been seen
horses
on the
C. W. horse
But our mouse patrol is also vaccinated for
RABIES. Cats that are rabid are far more dangerous
Robert
cross
who
arrived early
suited for working on pavement. An appropriate
home for him has been found. This had nothing
antics
distemper are just transmitted in cats only.
speed and agility, it would be hard to perform with
this
to be a
spring, has failed to meet the requirements
Colonial Williamsburg carriage horse. He is not
with his
Both F. E. I. V. and feline
can
little ones following you; and besides that, there are
too many unwanted cats and kittens in the world. So
partners with Romeo last year, accompanied
as a
F.E. I. V.
last 2-
spent the
black 5- year- old Percheron
Rod and they were worked
and Jim on the Street.
a tumor that can occur in
virus.
domestic cats must be vaccinated for rabies.
HORSES COMING AND GOING
A grey 8- year- old Percheron
leukemia ( a blood cell
almost any tissue or organ).
Red Devon'
cause
cancer) or lymphosarcoma(
the
to
new
to
do
back page of this issue.
have a sense of humor.
alive.
Here' s a schedule of vaccinations you should
follow for your cat:
FELINE DISTEMPER: first vaccination at 7
to 8 weeks of age; repeat every 3 to 4 weeks until 14
weeks old; annual booster.
FELINE LEUKEMIA: first vaccination at 9
weeks; second 3 weeks later; third 3 months later;
SAD NEWS FROM THE FLOCK
Linsey,
from
a
one
of
disease called
Dr. Steve Chapman,
our
new
coxcidia.
the vet who
annual booster.
lambs, died,
She
was
likely
by
treated
saved Beltane and
Quentin, but without success. Tell the kids in your
life that the little angels needed a lamb to play with.
Have fun
Linsey.
RABIES: first vaccination at 4 months of
age, good for one year; next vaccination in a year will
be good for 3 years.
�CATCHER IN THE WRY
HORSE
Mel,
talents
of
one
of his halter and
tail. When
of
out
running up the hill, flagging his
our horses we always
try to use
that
ropes
halter did
s
He Houdinied himself
went
tie
we
halters and
Mel'
day.
to us the other
little closer but don' t walk straight to him. If the horse
horses, showed off one of his
the new
not
easily broken. But,
wiggled out
not
are
break. He
somehow
halter he had been securely tied with before. He
Houdinied himself to freedom.
a
As Mel
parking lot and
took
for
went
a
s team mate,
trucks,
Mr. Nicoll took
though Mel gladly left, it wouldn'
would all of a sudden discover he
would surely die
good
was as
t
be
long before
to
run over you.
catch him with
and
alone
wasquite
without her. In other words,
bait
a
he
their
with him because,
Molly
as a
Molly
bucket of
The
gang headed for the York Street
pasture because that is where Mel and Molly were
last turned out. Horses often return to familiar places
rest
they
of
the
feel
safe. (
Which is why
horses refusing
about
g
A loose horse runningfree can be a prettysight,
but he can be a danger to himself and others. If you
see one, make the right phone calls, stop traffic, and
don' t excite the animal.
grain.
where
grain, lead shank, and halter.
If the horse, like Mel, runs to an enclosure, just
shut the gate, or block the entrance. Don' t be afraid
to stand your ground if you are acting as a human
gate. If you stand your ground and stare at the horse,
he will turn away from you. But that doesn' t mean
you can corner him. If you try to tightly corner an
anxious horse he may become fearful. Then he would
the
and followed. Others
grabbed buckets of grain, jumped in
and headed for the York Street pasture.
at the stable
He' ll likely come to you and give you a sniff. And, if
it' s during normal working hours you can probably
be of biggest help by just letting the horse graze and
keeping visitors away and quiet. Someone from the
stable or Security will show up shortly with bucket of
al-
through
merry
Nicholson Street, Mr. Nicoll
on to
Molly, Mel'
canter
really seems antsy, sit down. Horses are curious.
leave
to
there' s a truism
their stalls
the
when
Meanwhile, back
we, being
suddenly made aware of the Amazing Mel and his
at the main
Houdini act, and its lack of entertainment value, will
be sure he gets tied with very close fitting headgear
from now on.
barn is burning down.)
Mel loped up Nicholson Street and into the fenced
stable
yard
clever
fellow
Powell House,
at the
where a
The stable gang spotted him on the way to York
Street and he
fussed
duly
was
at
and
over.
lucky. A horse on the loose is in
great danger, especially from motor vehicles. AnyNow Mel
driving
one
was
who
spots
r
kind and
a
loose horse should stop,
Richmond, July 26, 1799
FOR S ALE
or
A Remarkable Fine Stout
The horse may seem calm, but anystartle him and cause him to
leap foolishly
caution.
thing
can
JACK AS S
into the path of a vehicle. Like Mel, any loose horse
will soon discover the price of freedom is separation
from his buddies.
A horse is
kind
can
a
herd animal. Separation from his
cause
great anxiety
and fear. If you
own
see
a
loose animal, stop all traffic. We don' t worry about
our bus drivers. Their skill is known. Other drivers
may
not
know
what to
do.
Stop them
if a loose animal
is nearby.
While
horse may be anxious because he' s
found himself alone, he will take note of the luscious
grass and
the
other
Landscape.
so
munchies
carefully maintained
by
"'•:
The Virginia Gazette and General Advertizer
at the very least proceed extremely slowly and with
great
''
t
closed the gate behind him.
employee,
NOW in high perfection and equal in
size and strength to any in America—
Indeed superior to most animals of his
kind—
and famous for getting large,
strong mules. He is 4 feet 9 inches high—
got by Royal Gift ( the property of Gen.
Washington) out of a very large mare,
and is 8 years old this Spring. He may be
seen at Petersburg,&
particulars known
on application to the Printer hereof.
He will start to eat if allowed to settle
down for a moment. So there' s really no point in
trying
to chase
a
horse
on
foot. Not only
can
the
walk towards him. Let him graze
him get his mind
even
eve
a
little
while.
Let
grass. Give him a chance
Since his buddies are not around he may
come to you.
contact.
on
good
Don'
t stare at him
sign
and don'
of hostility.
to
40 '
horse
run faster, but if he thinks he' s being chased, he may
panic. But try to see where he' s going. Use the phone.
Cal Security and let them know. Call the building he
seems to be heading towards.
If a loose horse stops near you, don' t immediately
to relax.
stable—
t make
Try_tojet
a
QUESTIONS?
Please
write
to:
iw•'•
COMMENTS?
Animal Editor, MHW.
Colonial Williamsburg Animal News is
published by Coach and Livestock Operations, Historic Trades
Williams,
Editor;
Department.
Richard
Nicoll,
Kay
Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 4, July, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Ode to A (Finally) Pregnant Cow -- New Sheep Update -- Horses Coming and Going -- Sad News from the Flock -- Barn Cats on Mouse Patrol / by Karen V. Smith -- Horse Catcher in the Wry --
For Sale A Remarkable Fine Stout Jack Ass
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/9bf730baa90a28371aa9c5236be6dff6.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=bxQTACBW3qjbDUn9QDAaE-XTw1FBCa3PMi2TuxkzM-ufT16KTE8M8ltXNx7DhKzG1HrW7pOK83kQL9MyLpHMn5ZwO73G8m9dQeghtbtxH5%7EfS%7Ebv-g2kv-2FWCTcUo-%7E58o3NFMG7dDBnQBRK6lw0BqmVPmwr6D0p2Eec7lF52s7K9FVWeggScM-xoC6DY4Os15NeDRDJuvMhc2j4KjR1PAYY2lERWOCkPP-p2IBUhSVbUFOECSim6qDDeN2PUHMGaudMAVt4Q4q9NnNZ6aidGHkeNobgYmpB14-hNNUSVuYO%7E6GdQ8TTbftGxQyxmsNr1UYI%7Eckg72LybrYNcfn%7Eg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
3d38961658241f08f33c9e7820527a8a
PDF Text
Text
acHtle
Mary
Volume
I
3
No .
Hall
PAMPHLET FILE
1988
June
GOD
The
Co (
o
s,
Williamsburg
onia (
RECORD
CO PY
w10
ANIMAL NEWS
COLONIAL
PROGRAM RETURNS
and the seemingly endless rows gave them
more insight into the life of a plantation slave
LIVESTOCK
4- H
THIS
JUNE
than all of our words could ever describe. At
Harcourt
by Allison
the end of the year, each 4- H' er must complete
eratures,
a project book, recording activities and answering questions about facts and concepts
Colonial
learned, to be judged by a 4- H leader.
Ah, here
comes
summer,
temp-
warmer
and lots and lots of families exploring
Williamsburg. Summer also means
return
of Sarah, Emily, Jill, and
the welcome
Lance, some of our twelve 4- H' ers, ages 12-
This summer one- half of our kids will re-
turn for the third year and will help teach the
first timers. Everyone will herd sheep and our
new geese, milk the cow, drive the cart, assist
with children' s programs at the Wythe proplearn embryology with Coach and
erty,
16, who are participating in our 4- H Colonial
Livestock program. They each spend at least
one
morning a week from late June through
working with the livestock,
learning about animal care in both the 18th and
20th century, and sharing their knowledge with
in
August,
costume
their
visitors
own
Livestock' s new incubator, and most impor-
tant, talk to the public, especially visiting children their own age.
age.
developed
4- H offers to all youngsters
Allison
The program
by
Harcourt and Elaine Shirley three years ago to
provide local 4- H' ers the opportunity to work
with a variety of domestic livestock, to teach
them interpretive skills, and help them gain
confidence through interaction with the public.
was
many pro-
grams covering a wide range of subjects —
rocketry, photography, bicycles, gardening,
and cooking, just to name a few. Record
keeping and public speaking are just two of the
many skills kids learn through 4- H that will be
of
useful to them in their adult lives. Teaching re-
the
throughout
young people in costume
and enhance our interpretation of
Historic Area,
of the 4- H program. Allison and Elaine see
4- H'
The
family
ers
also
increase
the
visibility
sponsibility and self-confidence is another aim
these characteristics develop first- hand as they
life.
Throughout
the summer
the 4- H' ers
watch their once shy 4- H' er help an unsure
learn
child discover a real live sheep.
and transportation from
and our cart and chair horses, Star and
Allison,
Toby. They learn to harness and drive Star and
teach visiting children safe ways to approach
carts, carriages,
about
If your child wants to join the fun in 4- H,
call the Virginia Cooperative Extension Office
at 566- 1367 for more information.
and enjoy horses, along with the role of the
horse in the 18th century. Just when the kids
think they know everything,
Star gently
J
re-
minds them of their " place in life" by wandering off in the opposite direction at the dizzing
ititi*
speed of molasses in January. Elaine, with the
I"
help of our sheep and cattle, teaches the role of
r
in clothing and foodways. Our 4- H' ers
have helped to worm sheep, trim their hooves,
and herd them on the green. Nora and Elaine
teach them how to milk, the mysteries of the
ruminant stomach, and the use of dairy prodanimals
of
hitting
the milk
bucket instead of your
,
i
a_
t _ ^:
s...; ,
F., R
ucts. John King and Lance Hopkins mastered
the art
t -.
1 -==
-_;-
4,
,
- --
•
y
t
shoe, and talking at the same time. Easier said
done! All of our kids have the chance to
off their skills at the Colonial Fair.
Occasionally, being involved in Colonial
Livestock means being a television star. While
than
show
BEBE LTANE AND
TO FLOCK
feeding Hannah, some of our 4- H' ers helped
with filming for " Curley' s Kids," a network
children'
tend
Changing
to
their wooly buddies. Beltane still has a small
some
convincing acting!
reNot every activity was enthusiastically
4- H' ers. After standing in the hot
ceived by the
sun
picking tobacco worms, the kids named the
worms
Allison and Elaine before they squashed
them. The sticky tobacco leaves, the hot sun,
RETURN
The two most severely injured sheep in the
dog attack of February 24 have recovered sufficiently to return to the flock with the rest of
preThey were supposed
young heifer, Hannah, was a bull.
a little girl cow into a bull involved
s show.
our
QUENTIN
"
wound on his neck which is going to be
spray- painted" with a blue- green colored
medicine for some time. In answer to visitor
questions you will hear:
No, his ears will not
grow back; and No, he does not have gangrene.
�10 MOST ASKED HORSE QUESTIONS
by Karen V. Smith
7
1.
1
4
0I
i.
tir,
l'-'
1r.,
q,....
2. At
4,,
\
i1
we
retire
a
horse? We do
smentaland
forever, such as Star. She is it her mid to late
twenties and is perfect for our 4-H program.
3. What happens to a horse after we retire
4,
it
1
4y
at
physical condition. Some horses seem to go on
11,
dryt,
v
do
what age
horse. Welookmoreattheanimal'
1_
r
f:
do we have
not have a particular age at which to retire a
i'
7
4.
many horses
that we have will change as we acquire new
horses and retire old ones.
u,..
21,
le.,:
How
Colonial Williamsburg? Right now we have 17
horses and two mules. The number of horses
it?
Most are adopted by people who can pro-
vide a good home.
4. Do we breed our own horses at Colonial
Williamsburg? Not at this time. We just don' t
have the facilityto
NOW • «
g
breed and train Y
young
horses. Maybe in the future.
p
5. What breed of horse do we look for? We
don' t look for a particular breed of horse. We
look for a horse that has the mental and physical abilities
TO
HI' S
LEADING
by Topsy
This is
Population:
I'
carriage.
all
from nobody
foot.
name'
ve
My
more
got
Virginia.
Williamsburg,
city.
anywhere
the coachmen
s
to
Topsy.
3 people
I
pull
brains and looks
than
together.
put
with
ones
bye
on
us
toe.
your
sock on our left
with Bill and Bruce and
And you can say, " good-
one white
hind foots. Confuse
I' ll step
toe."
years now. It' s a
Me and Prince have
good
living.
made a lotta good two- legged friends here. We
just have one suggestion for you guys who
I'
ve
worked here for
way to make
lead
tour
jobs
three
a
easier.
For
When
groups. Please, please
our
watch for
sake,
us,
help
make our
listen for
us.
coming, try
pull your
It' s not all that easy to
move
these carriages and when you have to
weave
back and forth around bunches of peoit can be rough on us. Moving in a straight
ple
line takes a whole lot less effort, especially
when it' s hot. If
you can do this for us it' d be
as much help as if you put on harness and
see
you
of
out
group
to
us
our
path.
helped us pull the carriage yourself.
And, as I lay my hoof on a copy of Black
Beauty, please don' t make us stop. Stopping
and starting
our special
needs,
We try to keep them on a five day work week
with two days off.
7. How often do their shoes need to be re-
a
I work with Prince. He' s a sucker for a
cookie.
We' re the biggest Percherons at
Colonial Williamsburg. We' re the good
looking
with
6. How many days do the horses work?
the
square
per
to deal
pulling carriages on a hard surface road and
keeping calm under stressful conditions.
GROUPS
is the worst. That takes
the most effort of all. Grant us the kindness of
drawing our loads at a steady pace and in a
straight line, and we will always be
grateful.
To those HI' s who we know already give
us all the help they can -well, your kindness
the carriage
Placed? The farrier resets a set of shoes as often
as every two weeks and makes new shoes approximately every 4 weeks if the horse is being
used on a regular basis.
8. Why don' t we use
rubber
There
shoes?
are a lot of reasons we choose not to use rubber
shoes. In the past we have tried to use rubber
shoes and found they cracked up the horses
hooves. In the warm months the combination
of rubber on tar sticks together and will rip the
shoe
off the hoof. This ;::,- a causes stress on
the horse' s legs which could lead to other
problems.
9. What do you feed our horses? We feed
Timothy and Alfalfa hay, and a balanced sweet
feed. They are also turned out in area pastures
to graze. Every horse has free access to water
and
salt
blocks
Pastures.
10. Do
their
stalls
horses get
the
in
rabies
and
in
shots?
the
Yes.
Our horses and oxen are vaccinated as part of
our regular program of veterinary care which
includes inoculations and wormings.
HORSE
LATITUDES
The term " horse" in " horse latitudes" has a
sad reference.
This region which belts in the
neighborhood of 30° north and 30° south lati-
tude is characterized by high pressure, calms,
and light winds. It got its name because ships
of horses going to America were sometimes
stranded there so long the horses died.
to animals is recognized and very much appreciated.
QUESTIONS?
Thanks for
to
say. It may
listening
seem
to what
small
one mare
to you,
but
to
has
us
horses ( and those silly mules) it means so very
much.
I' m
don' t
dictating
this
it like I'
and squash her like
write
time she tries
m
a
to the
editor,
telling it, I will
shrewsberry
to shoe me.
and if
she
sit on her
cake the next
Please
write
to:
COMMENTS?
Animal Editor, MI W.
Colonial Williamsburg Animal News is
published by Coach and Livestock
Operations,
Department.
Historic
Trades
Kay Williams, Editor;
Richard Nicoll, Manager.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 3, June, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
4-H Colonial Livestock Program Returns this June / by Allison Harcourt -- Beltane and Quentin Return to Flock -- To Hi’s Leading Groups / by Topsy -- 10 Most Asked Horse Questions / by Karen V. Smith -- Horse Latitudes
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/45914/archive/files/a761df26aaa36aeef2f2cfdc30c816ad.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=vPO8Kt7WANi%7E%7E7twYtJ-PMnt5BUCPyZ660uVGvIrgBWSxPLxgkmEgN1PmYqEMkYoOcZMY9gRknAPXBHdJUTmA9gySFal6PsQmgS%7EIn-wVaWRECisJNdl9e1fRfIbQ1Ow97srdB9gc1KOlq4Mkc-v67xUfOdH-4itUUZqizHU7R-n6jT8G8rZ3XAgfmby6qVGN05g6NbMkWHgHK-RGDgfkXE4-Riu7t12xp-aee2OhxFrzTxaPCGBkqCkifF4%7E90pqtLc-PWU-lL4mYaC4oLFz00MgJG-w3nWotavj%7EF1e-uQkZgOoOQXXngwflqGLmJ7MQCVBl99IM74Md0v5tSCGQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
ed4c73afb2cb6443574727f079370794
PDF Text
Text
p
--
e,,,
77- ,._
a r,
e-,;,
RCN/ V&
S
Volume
I
No .
May 1988
2
RECORD °
COPY ;/
o
RAMP r. E f e l,, r:,
y'<
Colonial
The
Williamsburg
w,
ANIMAL NEWS
MINOR
BREEDS
COMING
JUNE
CONVENTION
3- 5
by Elaine Shirley
Colonial
Williamsburg
and
conventions
so
is
favorite
a
be
there will
for
spot
Leicester sheep program) is a very exciting and
a convention
will be atcoming
The American Minor Breeds Consertending.
vancy ( AMBC) will be here for their annual
to
convention
town
our animals
that
different, and just locating certain breeds can
send you halfway around the world. However,
bringing a population of animals back from low
numbers or reintroducing a breed to this country ( like we are doing with our English
rewarding task. We are looking forward to
having the AMBC here to visit with us. Join in
if you can!
June 3- 5, 1988.
The AMBC is loosely patterned after a
British group called the Rare Breeds Survival
Trust. Both groups are concerned with the
dramatic decline in population of some domesticated breeds of animals. There have been
groups concerned about wild animal popula-
I
I
lill
tions for several decades, but it has only been
very recently that people have begun to worry
f_
old breeds of livestock.
Modern farming techniques demand fertilizers, special types of plants and certain breeds
of livestock for high efficiency and to achieve
about our
A,-
I
AV
r_
s
2
-
N
the type of product the modern consumer
cattle,
breeds
of livestock,
English Leicester sheep,
old
Many
wants.
Devon
the
the
BE
LEICESTER
ENGLISH
the
SHEEP
TO
ACQUIRED
Dominique chicken, the Lincoln curly hog and
existing in very low
not considered important for today' s " modern" farming. AMBC
members
believe these old breeds must be preserved because of their historic significance and
others,
are
numbers
extinct
or
because they
are
because they may possess traits which could be
important in future farming. In some places
these minor breeds are indeed becoming useful
For instance, the
again in today' s agriculture.
Tamsworth hog is doing very well in Australia
because its dark
The AMBC
skin
sunburn.
prevents
very diverse and
of individuals, museum prointeresting group
fessionals, agriculture
professors, scientists,
ecologists, farmers, and backyard enthusiasts.
will offer many lectures on a
Their convention
members
are
a
variety of subjects including oxen, Spanish
horses, how to furnish the barnyard in a museum setting, poultry in North America, and
more.
If you are interested in attending any of
the
lectures and would like
schedule, call
convention
to
us
see a complete
at
2491.
The
meeting and lectures are open to anyone who is
interested.
Colonial Williamsburg has become concerned with minor breeds because we would
like to use animals which are correct for our
time period and conserve
some of these minor
breeds for future generations. We believe we
can provide a good foundation for several rare
breeds, hence our interest in the English
Leicester.
breeds can be a challenge
Inbreeding with a small population is
problem, individual feed requirements
Minor
A long established plan to add Leicester
ewes to our flock has finally come to a head.
Fund- raising efforts have succeeded in drawing
the kind of response needed from many caring
people to bring us to the point of making definite plans to import from Australia several top
grade English Leicester sheep.
will
We
select
one
ram
(
to
replace
Willoughby) and five yearling ewes bred to
different rams. Sheep from various farms and
bloodlines will allow us to establish a pure bred
flock of Leicesters who will not be closely
related to each other and we will be able to
avoid inbreeding in the future. Breeding closely
related
inbreeding, enhances
weaknesses in the offspring and is therefore
highly undesirable.
animals,
or
The reasons these animals must be im-
ported from Australia is they are a rare breed
simply unavailable in this hemisphere. There
are Leicesters in England, but the quarantine is
too severe on sheep imported from the mother
country. That leaves us with Australia.
As an alternative to the expense of import-
ing sheep, we considered the possibility of
embryo transplants.
Russell Dow of Ontario
helped resolve this question. His research
shows live lambs result from embryo transplants only 50% of the time and the current cost
of this procedure to be high. So importing the
live animals turned out to be decidedly more
practical.
to raise.
always
a
may be
We hope to give you the details of exactly
how
our
quarantine
new
sheep
situation,
etc.,
will
in
arrive,
our
next
where,
issue.
,'
d
�NEW
GAME CHICKENS
by Richard Powell
Seven game fowl, a cock and six hens,
have come to Colonial Williamsburg through
the efforts of a New Kent County native who
4111
has spent half a century breeding and improving traditional varieties of poultry. These birds
are believed to be descendants of Irish imports
which
brought
were
to
Virginia for
10
fighting
purposes during the eighteenth century. Dark
brown and lightly striped about the neck, the
hens are sleek, attractive birds, kn o wn fo r their
M
if
-- -
excellent maternal instincts. The cock is brown
below,
but is distinguished
ro
by resplendent
auburn feathers on the neck, back, and wings.
Some interpreters will be surprised to note that
he bears no comb or wattels, these having been
surgically removed, or " dubbed," for reasons
derived from pit fighting practices.
Of course, game fowl differ from common
chickens
in many ways which are not visible,
WARM
SPRING
OF
DYING HORSES
DAYS
AND
by Karen Smith
but behavioral. Most obvious are the aggresand tenacity which induce them to
siveness
fight. Related aspects of maturation, defensive
movement, and physiology,
may also be heritable and distinct from those of the barnyard
Animals enjoy this change in the weather just
chicken.
as we humans do!
Those warm spring days after a
cold winter. All you want to do is pull up a
Ahhh!!
lawn chair and watch
the flowers
bloom.
game cock and hens will go to the
windmill site for interpretation by Wayne
Randolph and his staff. The birds are particularly well suited for that location because they
will permit discussion of two disparate kinds of
poultry husbandry. On the one hand, the game
fowl exhibit a plumage pattern very similar to
that of the primitive jungle fowl, from which
domestic chickens probably descended. Since
unmanaged birds occasionally revert to this
pattern, and to the general body type of the
Every spring down at the stable we get calls
from concerned people about our animals laying down in the various pastures. The caller is
usually upset because they feel the animal is ill
and dying.
All our animals enjoy laying out in the sun
just as we do. Even horses will lay flat out on
a
games, they may be credibly presented
riety of dunghill fowl, and placed within the
economic
and agricultural scheme of the comfarmer' s husbandry.
mon " unimproved"
the other hand, the game fowl can be
On
interpreted as a distinct breed, documented for
Williamsburg, through which the expansive
topics of eighteenth century sport, gambling,
not do at another facility.
All Colonial Williamsburg animals are
The
as
va-
and violence, can be made more meaningful
their side and take a short nap from time to
time. The animals feel safe and secure here at
Colonial Williamsburg. They will do things -such
as
lie down in daylight -- that they might
checked twice a day, in the morning and late
afternoon. At night our security department
keeps a close eye on them. But, if you have
any reason to feel an animal is ill, please give
us a call at extension 2491, and we will be glad
to check it out.
to
the visitor. The windmill is a wholly appropriate place for this approach to such topics, as
commonly put to " walk," that
and diet in isolation from other
poultry, at English and American mills between
1600 and 1850. Newly transcribed pages from
game
is, to
cocks
were
range
the notebooks of John Hartwell Cocke, a gentleman of Surry County, reveal that he set birds
All lambs are healthy and doing
Rachal' s twins have been
named Linsey and Woolsey. Come
fine!!
to walk at two mills in that area. The historical
origin of our game fowl is also consistent with
birds,
of eighteenth century Tidewater
which were based on stock imported from
Ireland, England, and Barbados.
Clearly, the birds will not be used for any
form of combat, which would be illegal in the
that
presence of ticket- holding guests, and an affront to the sensibilities of many observers.
Additional information about game cocks in
Virginia is available in Carson' s Colonial
Virginians at Play ( pp.
151- 64), and Isaac'
of Virginia
Transformation
( pp. 101- 04).
COMMENTS ?
QUESTIONS ?
Please
write
Williamsburg
to:
s
Animal
Animal
Livestock
Operations,
Williams,
Editor;
Editor,
MHW.
Colonial
News is published
by Coach
Historic Trades Department.
Richard
Nicoll, Manager.
and
Kay
GEESE
GUESTS
GOTTEN
TO
GOOSE
Six fuzzy yellow and gray baby geese were
delivered to the main stable by Karen Smith,
head groom, just after Easter. The goslings
were donated by Betty Dye of Cedar Valley
Farm in Lightfoot.
We will eventually graze this gaggle of
geese on the public greens so our guests can be
goosed before they go home. The little fellows
need to grow a bit more first. While here at the
stable, they are being handled by everybody so
when old enough to encounter the public they
will be accustomed to people.
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 2, May, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Minor Breeds Convention Coming June 3-5 / by Elaine Shirley -- English Leicester Sheep to be Acquired -- New Game Chickens / by Richard Powell -- Of Warm Spring Day and Dying Horses / by Karen Smith -- Lamb Report -- Geese Gotten to Goose Guests
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades
Williams, Kay, editor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
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c697a026e16d09ef18b1e64ca7da6d46
PDF Text
Text
Colonial
The
Wv1Li. am. sburg
ANIMAL NEWS
April
I
Volume
SHEEP
INJURED
RECOVERING
Number
1988
Mel and
The five sheep injured by dogs February 24
all finally on the road to recovery, three
having been turned back out in the pasture, two
still being kept at the main stable at least an-
good
equalsexpe
rience.
But
our crowds,
drums.
Besides
that, you must be nice when you' re told your
is " as soft
sandth time in a
as
nose
are
have
Molly
nothing else in the world
guns, buses, and fifes and
1
velvet"
for the ten thou-
day. So our new pair will be
given a good chance to show their suitability to
our working environment.
The third
horse is Jake.
new
He is a black
percheron type, 10 years old, and was pur-
for treatment.
Beltane, the most seriously injured of all, is
out of danger, but his worst wound will take a
long time to heal. His ears were ripped off and
Dr.
his neck very deeply and badly chewed.
resume includes work on city streets, but only
horse.
as a single
Hopefully he will be a good
Steve Chapman did his best to graft skin onto
This operation failed.
the gaping neck wound.
Since there is no way to stitch this type of injury, it is open and there is still danger of in-
working as part of a pair and tested in our par-
other two months
chased from
a
in Maryland.
gentleman
Jake' s
partner for our long- time employee, Suzie, and
together they will pull the stage wagon.
Jake, too, will be given time to adjust to
ticular
conditions.
Until it heals he will stay at the main
fection.
stable for continuing care and medication.
During his convalescence he will be kept
company by Quentin, who had all of his legs
badly bitten. For some time Quentin
could not stand up. A sling was built to hol
him upduringthe day and a sort of physical
therapy started. He was carefully walked between two people who held him up with broad
nylon straps looped around hisbodyso he
The
could begin to use his legs again.
very
physical
looked
therapists"
rather
f...
fr7.. . .•,
v-•-
1`,
1.
11.444.
f'.
it.
t.;
like two
1
travelers struggling to carry an oversized wooly
r
suitcase.
Now he no longer needs the sling
and gets up and down by himself. He gets his
exercise, but takes it more like a sheep than a
suitcase.
Quentin will likely be ready to go
OX OPERATION
back to the pasture before Beltane, but he' ll
stay with Beltane to keep him company.
Polly ( who had one bite requiring stitches),
Bobby ( who suffered cuts, bruises, and hybitten in
pothermia), and Hannibal ( who was
several places) were kept in the main stable a
week or more for treatment. They all have re-
Willie, the ox, recently had a large tumor
removed from under his jaw by vet, Gary
turned to the flock.
A total of eight hours of surgery and surepair the damtiring were required to try and
age to the five sheep.
Many more hours have
been spent caring for them day after day. It is
medication for his thyroid problem all winter
Doxtater. The tumor has been sent to a lab to
Willie' s recovery from this oper-
be analyzed.
ation has been uncomplicated.
Willie'
s
partner,
Waylon,
has received
long and, so far, its effects look promising.
We are hopeful that Waylon and Willie will
be able to get back to giving rides to the kids.
sad to watch their wool fall out in big clumps
as a result of shock.
NEW
HORSES
ON THE
STREET
LAMBING
Three new horses started work last month.
One pair, Mel and Molly, are sorrel with
and tails, and white markings. Mel
has 2 white legs and a stripe down his face.
her
Molly has 4 white legs and a wider blaze on
face.
They are both old enough to vote.
Which is good -- seasoned professionals are
preferred for our colonial streets.
in
They were purchased from a gentleman
flax
manes
The Plains, Va.,
ride business.
who
used
them
in a carriage
TIME
SCOREBOARD
All five expecting ewes have produ
c e
d
healthy
half- Leicester
fathered
by the late
offspring
Willoughby: Glenda - boy, Arthur;
Pennygirl, Duchess Diana of
Patience
- boy,
dnbr
L
Lyndonberg;
Richard; Rachal - TWINS! boy and
girl, unnamed; Constance - TWINS!
two boys, Romulus and Remus.
�1
JONES -- THE
JOE
RIGHT
STUFF
Ar
Joe Jones, head coachman, has more of the
Right Stuff than any of those Top Guns.
Those fly boys have jet plane F- whatevers that
respond
what
switch
to a
or
made
to
are
they
button. Jet planes do
do and have no emo-
tions. Horses are different. Horses often react
very strong instinctive emotions.
difference between horses and
this way: You are sitting on a plane
airplanes
waiting to take off and the pilot announces,
This is the captain speaking. Our flight
to
according
Let'
s explain
the
will be delayed for an indeterminate period.
The plane is afraid to go down the runway."
That' s a silly scenario, but it is not unusual
for a horse to refuse to go down a familiar path
because he sees something that scares him.
When the paths are unfamiliar and the objects
the Right
along them new, it takes a driver with
Stuff to make horses feel comfortable and
safely learn their new surroundings.
Joe Jones is responsible for training new
horses, introducing them to our Historic Area,
and judging their suitability for the job of givg
ing carriage rides.
Sure, the horses we choose are already
broken to drive, but our situation is unique.
loud noises, crowds, skate
A steady confident driver
boards, and more.
helps new horses overcome their natural timidmust
They
accept
ness in strange surroundings.
You can tell at a glance when Joe is training
He will be driving one of our
on the street.
We have a yellow cartwo training vehicles.
riage- without- a- body called a skeleton break.
kind of vehicle you can crash without
hurting it much. We also have a small dark
a dog cart.
green 4- wheeled carriage called
It' s
the
If you see either of these vehicles you can
Joe has some brand new emBe careful of these horses.
to drive.
to
ployees
Don' t run in front of them or get behind the
If visitors
carriage, even if they are tied up.
close by you are about to do something
you
think may frighten the horses, warn these visitors of the danger, if you can -- especially if it' s
happening where Joe cannot see it. This might
include skateboard riders, soccer players, loose
be
almost
sure
POULTRY
PROGRAM
UPDATE
by Richard Powell
The key to successful poultry breeding is
early planning, so the focus of our winter activities was preparation for summer production
goals. We began by replacing the open rearing
pen at the stable with a fullyenclosed breeding
divided into
cage
three separate
runs
for
con-
trolled coatings. We built a number of portable
houses to improve sanitation and facilitate egg
collection. Other projects included construction
of a small brooder, isolation pens, and other
minor items.
Donations from various sources contributed
the
program' s progress.
noted poultry breeder gave
to
chickens, now on
minique
In December a
a set of Do-
us
display
in the Pow-
ell pen, to expand our work with the American
Minor
Breeds
Conservancy.
Virginia poultry
enthusiasts have provided guinea fowl for release at Carter' s Grove, and authentic fighting
P y
game birds for display at the Windmill site. In
addition, the recent donation of a modern bat-
tery brooder unit will complement the department' s purchase of an automated incubator.
Spring chick production will aim at replacement of birds used or lost during the year,
and maintenance
varieties
for
of several eighteenth- century
exhibition
in
town.
We are
experimenting with hybrids for use at the
Carter' s Grove slave quarter, and hope to release additional birds to establish aself-perpet-
uating feral flock in that area. Geese, guineas,
and turkeys are being considered in long- term
planning for lots from the Palace to the Grove.
We are researching aspects of colonial
poultry husbandry for incorporation in our
livestock
interpretations.
Particular
attention
will be given to housing, cockfighting, and the
people who raised poultry, as these topics ocwho raised poultry, as these topics
ally
tors.
arise
during
discussions with visi-
tors.
dogs not at heel, kids with cap guns, or something
we
haven'
Always
t even thought
remember
of.
horses
are
naturally
timid creatures. Even those who have pulled
carriages for us several years, and have never
once
seemed scared of anything,
can
be fright-
GERVASE
MARKHAM
CHICKENS
ON
The best time to set Hennes to have the
best, largest, and most kindely Chickens, is in
February . . ., so that she may hatch or dis-
ened
close
her Chickens . . .
in March, for one
brood of March Chickens is worth three broods
of any other."
from -
Cheape and Goode Husbandry
1614
QUESTIONS?
COMMENTS?
Please
write
to:
Animal
Colonial Williamsburg
Editor,
MHW.
Animal News is
published by Coach and Livestock Operations,
Historic Trades Department.
Kay
Editor; Richard Nicoll, Manager.
Williams,
Sir
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News
Description
An account of the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News was the newsletter of the Coach and Livestock Operations of the Historic Trades Department. The Library holds an incomplete run of issues from 1988-1992. It was edited variously by Kay Williams, Karen Smith, and Allison Harcourt. Its purpose was to keep Colonial Williamsburg staff and other interested parties up to date about the various animals cared for by the department, including horses, cows, oxen, geese, and chickens. There is also some information about programming and carriages included.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Colonial Williamsburg Animal News, volume 1, no. 1, April, 1988
Description
An account of the resource
Injured Sheep Recovering -- New Horses on the Street -- Ox Operation -- Lambing Time Scoreboard -- Joe Jones : The Right Stuff -- Poultry Program Update / by Richard Powell -- Gervase Markham on Chickens
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Trades
Williams, Kay, editor.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
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f870c41806e96d519d93646afa4b70c9
PDF Text
Text
June 2023
A Publication of the Colonial Williamsburg Landscape Department
Seasonal Changes
This has been Spring season to remember! The Williamsburg area has experienced cooler
temperatures and plenty of rain this season and as you might expect, the gardens of Colonial Williamsburg
have responded beautify. As we move into the summer months, the Landscape and Horticulture staff is
busy changing out seasonal vegetables and flower gardens, renovating existing gardens, bringing irrigations
systems back online, mowing and performing turf maintenance, and performing much need Arboretum
tree care. The tour guides for the Meet the Gardener, Basset Trace Nature Walk and Arboretum tours are
finishing up training and final touches for the summer tour schedule, and we are introducing our first
summer workshop where guests will learn the history of and make a Nosegay also known as a tussiemussie.
James Blair Herb Garden 4-21-2023
Benjamin Powell Herb Garden 5-11-2023
This spring we completed two garden restorations at the Moody House Garden and Custis
Tenement Garden. In July of ’21 we discovered boxwood blight in the Moody House Garden. We removed
only the leaves from the infected boxwood attempting an alternate method to save the remaining
boxwood. Unfortunately, the blight spread the following year and we had to remove the remaining
boxwood. Once boxwood has infected a garden, best management practices prevent the use of boxwood,
even boxwood blight resistant varieties in the garden for seven years! Because the Moody House is a
popular Colonial Guest House, we chose to restore the garden using yaupon holly now rather than wait five
years to allow the use of boxwood.
1
�Moody House Garden August 2022
Moody House Garden April 2023
And we were so fortunate to receive generous gift funds to restore the Custis Tenement Garden. Located
on Duke of Gloucester Street, directly across from Bruton Parish Church, Custis Tenement Garden is one
of the most visible gardens in the Historic Area. Over the years the garden had lost its design intent as
one of Arthur Shurcliff’s most delightful designs and it was time to bring it back. Because the existing
boxwood had not been infected with boxwood blight, we were able to restore the garden using two
boxwood blight resistant varieties “Little Missy” edging the parterres and New Gen Independence around
the perimeter of the garden.
Cutis Tenement Garden May 2023
2
�Landscape Department Transition
As I mentioned in the previous edition of Horticulture Happenings, there have been some changes
taking place with the Landscape Department due to the Colonial Williamsburg Board of Trustees vote to
bring landscape maintenance services back in house for the Historic Area, Merchant Square, and the
Museum properties. We have been busy hiring and training new staff to
fill the nineteen new positions. Last issue I introduced you to three new
lead horticulturists, three new horticulturists, seven new
groundskeepers. Since April, we have added two more groundskeepers
a horticulture
apprentice, and
another horticulturist
to our staff. Most of
the new positions
have been filled at
the time of this
writing, but there are
a few more positions
Horticulture Apprentice:
to fill before we are
Rebecca Macke
fully staffed.
L-R Groundskeepers: Marcos Jacobo,
Simon Boyd
Horticulturist: Morgan Sensabaugh
3
�Another change to the Landscape Department was the retirement of Lead Horticulturist Clyde Crew
after 32 years with the Foundation. Clyde started his career as a groundskeeper and through the
years he moved up to Gardener, Senior Gardener and eventually Foreman/Lead Horticulturist. Clyde
is a very talented gardener and especially loved his vegetable gardens at Kings Arms Tavern and
Benjamin Powell. Clyde will be missed for his attention to detail, his leadership and most of all his
wonderful sense of humor.
�
Kings Arms Tavern Vegetable Garden
Lead Horticulturist: Clyde Crew
Department Programs
The Landscape Department hosted two events that allowed us to show off our horticulture expertise.
On May 3rd Landscape Director Joanne Chapman led a tour for a small group of employees from our
People, Talent, and Culture department of CWF. Horticulture Lead Melody was posted at the Geddy
Garden talking about Christmas and the landscape department’s role in decorating the town for the
holidays, Laura Viancour was at Saint George Tucker discussing the evolution of the Historic Area
gardens, Manager Jon Lak and Arborist Charles Gardener were stationed at the Compton Oak to talk
about the Arboretum and our tree preservation program, Lead Horticulturist Jacob Eisenhart, Johnny
Stafford and Sho Horton discussed and demonstrated fine gardening pruning techniques and Growers
Scott Hemler and Goldie Daniels were posted at the Orr garden talking about the landscape nursery’s
role in the gardens as well as the history of heirloom plants in Colonial Williamsburg. In some ways,
this tour was a practice run for our next event, which was hosting the Garden Club of Virginia
Horticulture Field Day June 8th for 150 club members from all over the state of Virginia. We offered the
same tour for garden club members in the morning and in the afternoon, they visited the
archeological dig at the John Custis site. Both groups were very impressed with how much they
learned from the landscape staff and about the department.
4
�Production Nursery Update
We have had a very busy and productive spring season here at the landscape nursery! In April, we hosted
several breakout sessions on location for the 2023 Garden Symposium. Friday afternoon Senior Grower
Scott Hemler led a discussion about heirloom Geraniums and gave a greenhouse tour of the different
species he has grown. Grower Goldie Daniels gave a talk about the history of kokedama and led the
participants in making their own kokedama to take home, and IPM Technician Dave Stuff lead a discussion
on pest control and the importance of timing. On Saturday afternoon Horticultural Lead Melody
Mosbaugher led a discussion on heirloom flowers that are grown in our production greenhouses, in
conjunction with a talk on native plants by Horticulturalist Haley Funkhauser. Certified Arborist Charles
Gardner lead a discussion on the Arboretum and our tree preservation practices and Landscape Manager
Jon Lak lead a discussion on the benefits of our in-house mulch and compost making operations. We
received amazing feedback on our sessions, and plan to have just as interesting topics next year! As we
have done for a few years now, Scott and Goldie made wreaths from scratch for the Memorial Day
ceremony held at the palace. While all these events have been taking place, we’ve been simultaneously
taking care of, growing, and distributing plants for the historic area gardens. This involves plenty of
weeding, watering, and cutting back until the gardens are ready for them. From January to June, we have
grown 13,166 plants from seed for the gardens! And slowly but surely, they are all making their way to
their new homes, out of their pots and into the gardens.
Volunteer Highlight
At the production nursery, we have 15 wonderful volunteers. Some have been here for over 30
years, while others have just joined within the last month. Our volunteers are vital to getting some
of the more time-consuming work done, and boy do they work
fast! Depending on their comfort level or ability or even their
general interest, we have varying tasks that we can assign for
them to do. Some of the jobs they do for us are:
Marion Zirbel potting-up young
plants to larger pots before
going out to HA gardens.
•
Potting-up plants into bigger pots
•
Potting-up plugs
•
Weeding in “the outback” as well as individual pots
•
Cleaning up and cutting back overgrown plants
•
Cutting and hanging flowers to dry for Christmas decorations.
•
Pot washing
•
Disposing of dead and dying plants
•
The rare unloading of trucks
5
�With all their help, they turn our little staff workforce of 3 into sometimes 7 on any given
day. Recently, as our workload has been decreasing as more and more plants get picked up, we’ve
been able to shift our volunteers to the gardens to help our Horticultural staff plant them. No
matter what our volunteers are doing, they always show up with great attitudes and a willingness to
work. We try to say it as many times as we can while they’re
here, but we truly appreciate all that they do for us.
Nancy Heflin cleaning and cutting back plants
before potting-up to larger pots.
Karen Simon weeding nursery plants
in “the outback”.
Eileen Gaughan loading nursery plants that will
be brought inside to pot-up to larger pots.
6
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Horticultural Happenings
Description
An account of the resource
<em>Horticultural Happenings</em> newsletter is produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Landscape Services to communicate items of interest about the plants, trees, and gardens under its care in addition to articles about the department’s latest achievements, activities, and outreach to visitors, donors, and fellow employees. It began in May 2019 and continues to the present. It was intended to be a monthly publication although there have been some gaps in its production.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Landscape Services
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Horticultural Happenings, June 2023
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Landscape Services
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2023-06
-
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Text
April 2023
A Publication of the Colonial Williamsburg Landscape Department
Seasonal Changes
After a mild and uneventful winter, the magic of the spring season has been on full display in the Historic
Area this week. It has been quite a show with dogwood, red buds, fruit trees, and tulips all blooming at the
same time! No wonder our visitors love strolling through the Historic Area at this time of year!
Governor’s Palace Ballroom Garden 4-6-2023
Landscape Department Transition
I want to bring you up to date on the changes taking
place with the Landscape Department. Last November
the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Board of
Trustees voted to bring landscape maintenance
services back in house for the Historic Area, Merchant
Square, and the Museum properties. Nineteen new
positions were created and added to the 2023
Landscape Department budget, and landscape
manager and I have been extremely busy interviewing
to fill new lead horticulturist, horticulturist,
groundskeeper, arborist apprentice and irrigation
technician position. Three horticulturists, Patrick Nee,
Johnny Stafford and Jacob Eisenhart were promoted
to Lead Horticulturists and David Stull was promoted
to the Irrigation Technician position.
The Landscape Department assumed landscape
maintenance responsibilities for Merchant Square and
the Art Museum on March 1 and the Historic Area on
April 1. Many of the new groundskeeper and
horticulturist positions have been filled at the time of
this writing, but there are a few more to fill before we
are fully staffed.
We are in a state of transition, but it is an exciting time
for the department.
Page | 1
�Gallery
New Irrigation Technician: David Stull
New Lead Horticulturists: Patrick Nee, Johnnie Stafford,
and Jacob Eisenhart
New Horticulturists: Kaitlin Altland, Shomari Horton and John Ryan
New Arborist Apprentice: Tristyn Hosford
New Groundskeepers: L-R Jameel James, Cole McGee, James Griffin, Robert Coles, Rolanda Atkins,
Katie Barnes and Corey Jenkins
Page | 2
�Garden Programs continue to highlight
horticulture at Colonial Williamsburg. Several DIY floral
arranging workshops were offered early spring,
providing registrants tips on decorating in the
Williamsburg style with spring flowers. Our new tour,
Bassett Hall Trace, has been well received since it was
launched in April. Offered on Saturday mornings, the
tour focuses on Virginia's wildlife and native habitats
and ways to conserve Virginia’s forests. Colonial
Williamsburg’s Arboretum Tour in the Historic Area
discusses the colonial uses of trees and their
importance in our ecosystem today. During the
summer, the Arboretum Tour will be led around the
Griffin Hotel and focus on best practices for
maintaining trees. We hope you can join us on a tour
soon.
complete with irrigation, electricity, as well as roll-up
sides, which we have rolled up now that the weather
has warmed up a bit. We held a Master Gardener
training class for new Master Gardeners at the nursery,
where Scott, Melody, and Goldie taught them how to
propagate plants asexually via cuttings as well as how
to sow seeds in our greenhouse setting.
Currently, we are
arranging plant
pickups for the
historic gardens,
having meetings
about our longawaited and
necessary new
greenhouse
improvements,
and gearing up
Covered hoop house provided
for hosting the
protected winter storage for boxwood
Garden
and other plants
Symposium at
the end of the month. Scott, Melody, and Goldie will
be demonstrating various plant-related topics, so
maybe they’ll see you around!
Master Naturalist, Shirley Devan leads the weekly Nature
Walk on the Bassett Trace Nature Trail, Saturday, April 22nd
for a group of 13 visitors to Colonial Williamsburg .
Production Nursery Update
Colonial Williamsburg’s production nursery had an
amazing Christmas season. Our annual wreath sale was
very successful and produced a record profit for the
landscape department. The beautiful decorations were
completed by our wonderful volunteers, and they were
hung with the joint efforts of the landscape
department and our capable carpenters. Before we
knew it, Christmas was over and put away for next year,
and we started on our spring crop for the historic
gardens. So far, we have been able to grow almost
2,500 vegetables, 650 herbs, and 1,000 flowers, with
many more to come. A new covered hoophouse was
built to hold plants outside that aren’t quite ready for
the full strength of the elements. This hoophouse is
Thousands of vegetable and flower seedings in the production
greenhouse.
Page | 3
�Donor Event
On March 25th, the Landscape Department was
happy to host a tour of the Landscape Production
Nursery for the Burgesses and Goodwin Society
donor groups. Goldie Daniels demonstrated our
seed starting procedures, Scott Hemler shared his
Pelargonium collection and toured the group
through the greenhouse full of the beautiful
plants, Charles Gardener explained how he has
established a small tree nursery that supports the
Arboretum, Melody Mosbaugher shared the trial
garden area where we test new plants that may
be used in Historic Area gardens and we
concluded with Jon Lak sharing the plans for the
renovations that will be taking place at the
Nursery in the next year or two.
Melody Mosbaugher discussing heirloom plants.
We received so many positive comments from the
group and they enjoyed their afternoon with us
and we are quite sure the Landscape Department
made some new friends.
Goldie Daniels demonstrating seed starting of heirloom
vegetables and flowers.
Jon Lak sharing the plans for the improvements of the
production nursery.
Scott Hemler’s Pelargoniums in the glass house.
Page | 4
�Volunteer Highlight
Our wonderful Arboretum volunteers do so much for
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and the Landscape
Department. During the past two years their team of
twelve Master Gardener Tree Stewards have led 51
Arboretum tours reaching more than 1,000 visitors on
the tours.
They competed inventories of all 310 acres of the
Historic Area, plus the Griffin Hotel Campus, Bassett Hall
Garden and the newly expanded Art Museum landscape
and a large portion of the greenspace areas. They have
identified over 560 distinct species of plants that make
up the Arboretum inventory and placed 750 plant
identification tags on trees and shrubs. During one of
their regular workdays the team planted new azaleas
and camellias on the Rockefeller Vista behind Bassett
Hall. Due to the deer pressure in the area, all the plants
need to be protected with wire cages until they are fully
established. It was quite a logistical task and required a
great deal of physical work, but the volunteers worked
tirelessly and were able to get half of the 40 plants in the
ground and protected by cages before they ran out of
wire. The remaining 20 plants will be planted at their
next workday scheduled in a week from now. Thanks to
the efforts of our Arboretum volunteers, the Rockefeller
Vista is becoming a real show place for blooming shrubs.
The mature rhododendrons on the site should start
blooming very soon.
Page | 5
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Horticultural Happenings
Description
An account of the resource
<em>Horticultural Happenings</em> newsletter is produced by the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Landscape Services to communicate items of interest about the plants, trees, and gardens under its care in addition to articles about the department’s latest achievements, activities, and outreach to visitors, donors, and fellow employees. It began in May 2019 and continues to the present. It was intended to be a monthly publication although there have been some gaps in its production.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Landscape Services
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Horticultural Happenings, April 2023
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Department of Landscape Services
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2023-04